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China's trade in goods continued to grow in the first five months of the year. From January to May, foreign trade totaled nearly 18 trillion yuan or around 2.5 trillion US dollars. That represents a 2.5% increase despite the uncertain global economic environment. Several multinational investment banks, including JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs, and UBS, have raised their forecasts for China's GDP, citing the positive impact of the government's growth policies. Why are they upbeat about China's economy and capital markets? Where is the economic resilience coming from? Host Zhao Yang spoke with Li Lun, an assistant professor of economics at Peking University; Dr. Zhou Mi, a senior research fellow with the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation; and Yan Liang, a professor of economics at Willamette University.

Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, bird-like dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers.科学家最近宣布发现了一种来自中国的小鸟般的恐龙，这些恐龙具有不寻常的羽毛。The scientists named the dinosaur Caihong, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly complete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.科学家将恐龙Caihong命名为彩虹的普通话。 他们发现了河北省几乎完整而几乎完全未受损的化石。Microscopic structures in the fossil suggest that the creature had wide, shiny feathers. The feathers mostly covered the dinosaur's head and upper body. The colors of those feather would have appeared to change depending on how the light hit them.化石中的微观结构表明该生物具有宽阔的羽毛。 羽毛大多覆盖了恐龙的头和上身。 这些羽毛的颜色似乎会根据光的击中方式而改变。The colorful dinosaur lived 161 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earth's history.五颜六色的恐龙生活在地球历史的侏罗纪时期的16100万年前。Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature Communications. Eliason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.”乍得·埃里亚森（Chad Eliason）是伊利诺伊州芝加哥田间博物馆的进化生物学家。 他帮助撰写了这项研究，宣布了科学出版物自然传播中的发现。 埃里亚森（Eliason）告诉路透社新闻服务（Reuters News Service），这一发现“暗示了比我们以前想象的要多彩的侏罗纪世界。”The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appears to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Round-shaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modern day hummingbird.科学家使用强大的显微镜来识别负责羽毛表观颜色的细胞结构的残留物。 这些结构的形状似乎影响了羽毛的颜色。 Caihong化石中的圆形结构表明，它的羽毛类似于现代蜂鸟。Much of Caihong's body had dark feathers. The shiny, color-changing feathers covered its head and neck. The dinosaur had many bird-like qualities. But researchers doubt that it could actually fly.Caihong的大部分身体都有深色的羽毛。 闪亮的，变色的羽毛覆盖了头和脖子。 恐龙具有许多类似鸟类的品质。 但是研究人员怀疑它实际上可以飞行。Its feathers could have served the purpose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold.它的羽毛本来可以实现的目的是吸引性伴侣的注意力，同时还可以保护热和寒冷。Caihong was two-legged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other, smaller animals for food.凯恩（Caihong）是两腿，头部狭窄，牙齿锋利。 它的眼睛上方有骨冠，并猎杀了其他较小的动物作为食物。Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period.科学家说，许多恐龙有羽毛。 鸟类从侏罗纪时期结束后附近的小羽毛恐龙演变而来。Caihong had two kinds of feathers. It also is the earliest-known creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying.Caihong有两种羽毛。 它也是最早的生物，羽毛在两侧的形状都不相同。 这是现代鸟类在飞行时指导自己的身体品质。The unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said.Caihong上不均匀的羽毛在其尾部。 科学家说，这表明尾羽羽毛而不是手臂羽毛首先是用于改善飞行恐龙的空气运动。Xing Xu is a paleontologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xing Xu said, “It is extremely similar to some early birds such as Archaeopteryx.” Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird. It is believed to have lived 150 million years ago.Xing Xu是中国科学院的古生物学家。 Xing Xu说：“这与一些早期鸟类（例如Archeopteryx）非常相似。” Archeopteryx是最早已知的鸟。 据信它已经居住了1.5亿年前。“To be honest, I am not sure what function the feathers have,” Xing Xu added. “And I don't think that you can completely exclude the possibility that the feathers helped the animal to get in the air.”Xu Xu补充说：“老实说，我不确定羽毛的功能。” “而且我认为您不能完全排除羽毛帮助动物启动的可能性。”The dinosaur's full scientific name is Caihong juji, which means “rainbow with a big crest.”恐龙的完整科学名称是Caihong Juji，意思是“带有大冠的彩虹”。

Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, bird-like dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers.科学家最近宣布发现了一种来自中国的小鸟般的恐龙，这些恐龙具有不寻常的羽毛。The scientists named the dinosaur Caihong, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly complete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.科学家将恐龙Caihong命名为彩虹的普通话。 他们发现了河北省几乎完整而几乎完全未受损的化石。Microscopic structures in the fossil suggest that the creature had wide, shiny feathers. The feathers mostly covered the dinosaur's head and upper body. The colors of those feather would have appeared to change depending on how the light hit them.化石中的微观结构表明该生物具有宽阔的羽毛。 羽毛大多覆盖了恐龙的头和上身。 这些羽毛的颜色似乎会根据光的击中方式而改变。The colorful dinosaur lived 161 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earth's history.五颜六色的恐龙生活在地球历史的侏罗纪时期的16100万年前。Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature Communications. Eliason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.”乍得·埃里亚森（Chad Eliason）是伊利诺伊州芝加哥田间博物馆的进化生物学家。 他帮助撰写了这项研究，宣布了科学出版物自然传播中的发现。 埃里亚森（Eliason）告诉路透社新闻服务（Reuters News Service），这一发现“暗示了比我们以前想象的要多彩的侏罗纪世界。”The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appears to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Round-shaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modern day hummingbird.科学家使用强大的显微镜来识别负责羽毛表观颜色的细胞结构的残留物。 这些结构的形状似乎影响了羽毛的颜色。 Caihong化石中的圆形结构表明，它的羽毛类似于现代蜂鸟。Much of Caihong's body had dark feathers. The shiny, color-changing feathers covered its head and neck. The dinosaur had many bird-like qualities. But researchers doubt that it could actually fly.Caihong的大部分身体都有深色的羽毛。 闪亮的，变色的羽毛覆盖了头和脖子。 恐龙具有许多类似鸟类的品质。 但是研究人员怀疑它实际上可以飞行。Its feathers could have served the purpose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold.它的羽毛本来可以实现的目的是吸引性伴侣的注意力，同时还可以保护热和寒冷。Caihong was two-legged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other, smaller animals for food.凯恩（Caihong）是两腿，头部狭窄，牙齿锋利。 它的眼睛上方有骨冠，并猎杀了其他较小的动物作为食物。Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period.科学家说，许多恐龙有羽毛。 鸟类从侏罗纪时期结束后附近的小羽毛恐龙演变而来。Caihong had two kinds of feathers. It also is the earliest-known creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying.Caihong有两种羽毛。 它也是最早的生物，羽毛在两侧的形状都不相同。 这是现代鸟类在飞行时指导自己的身体品质。The unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said.Caihong上不均匀的羽毛在其尾部。 科学家说，这表明尾羽羽毛而不是手臂羽毛首先是用于改善飞行恐龙的空气运动。Xing Xu is a paleontologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xing Xu said, “It is extremely similar to some early birds such as Archaeopteryx.” Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird. It is believed to have lived 150 million years ago.Xing Xu是中国科学院的古生物学家。 Xing Xu说：“这与一些早期鸟类（例如Archeopteryx）非常相似。” Archeopteryx是最早已知的鸟。 据信它已经居住了1.5亿年前。“To be honest, I am not sure what function the feathers have,” Xing Xu added. “And I don't think that you can completely exclude the possibility that the feathers helped the animal to get in the air.”Xu Xu补充说：“老实说，我不确定羽毛的功能。” “而且我认为您不能完全排除羽毛帮助动物启动的可能性。”The dinosaur's full scientific name is Caihong juji, which means “rainbow with a big crest.”这种恐龙的全名是“彩虹巨兽”，意思是“有大冠的彩虹”。

This week on Sinica, I speak with Kendra Schaefer, the partner at Trivium China who heads their tech practice. She recently published a fascinating paper looking at the Cyberspace Administration of China's comprehensive database of generative AI tools released in China, and she shares the insights and big takeaways from her research on that database. It's a terrific window into what Chinese firms, both private and state-affiliated, are doing with generative AI.03:51 – Mandatory registration of generative AI Tools in China10:28 – How does the CAC categorize AI Tools?14:25 – State-affiliated vs. non-state-affiliated AI Tools18:55 – Capability and competition of China's AI Industry22:57 – Significance of Generative Algorithmic Tools (GAT) registration counts26:06 – The application of GATs in the education sector29:50 – The application of GATs in the healthcare Sector31:00 – Underrepresentation of AI tools in other sectors32:56 – Regional breakdown of AI innovation in China36:07 – AI adoption across sectors: how companies integrate AI40:21 – Standout projects by the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)42:42 – How multinationals navigate China's tech regulations47:50 – Role of foreign players in China's AI strategy49:38 – Key takeaways from the AI development journey53:41 -– Blind spots in AI data57:25 – Kendra's future research directionPaying it Forward: Kenton Thibaut.Recommendations:Kendra: The Chinese Computer: A Global History of the Information Age by Thomas Mullaney.Kaiser: the Rhyming Chaos Podcast by Jeremy Goldkorn and Maria RepnikovaSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The United States' repeated and unpredictable policy shifts have not only enhanced the risk of deepening its economic and trade frictions with China, but have also weakened its credibility in the international market, analysts and exporters said on Monday.分析人士和出口商周一表示，美国反复无常、不可预测的政策变化，不仅增加了加深其与中国经贸摩擦的风险，也削弱了其在国际市场上的信誉。These policy shifts are undermining the confidence of global businesses and investors in US policies, market conditions and assets, they added.他们补充道，这些政策变化正在削弱全球企业和投资者对美国政策、市场状况及资产的信心。Their remarks came after the Ministry of Commerce urged the US to promptly rectify its wrongful actions. In a statement issued on Monday, the ministry said the US has seriously undermined the consensus reached during the China-US economic and trade talks on May 12 in Geneva, Switzerland, by repeatedly imposing discriminatory and restrictive measures on China.他们的言论是在中国商务部敦促美国立即纠正错误做法之后发表的。商务部在周一发表的声明中表示，美国一再对中国实施歧视性和限制性措施，严重损害了5月12日在瑞士日内瓦举行的中美经贸会谈中达成的共识。The measures include issuing export control guidance for artificial intelligence chips, halting sales of chip design software to China, and announcing the revocation of visas for Chinese students.这些措施包括发布人工智能芯片出口管制指引、停止向中国出售芯片设计软件，以及宣布撤销中国学生签证。The ministry warned that if the US continues to undermine China's interests, China will adopt effective measures to defend its legitimate rights and interests.商务部警告称，如果美方继续损害中方利益，中方将采取有效措施维护自身合法权益。Describing the outcomes of the Geneva talks as "hard-won", the ministry said the US has unilaterally and repeatedly triggered frictions, exacerbating uncertainty and instability in bilateral economic and trade relations.中国商务部将日内瓦会谈的成果描述为“来之不易”，并表示美方单方面、反复挑起摩擦，加剧了双边经贸关系的不确定性和不稳定性。Based on the consensus reached during the talks, China has temporarily canceled or suspended relevant tariff and nontariff countermeasures against the US' "reciprocal tariffs", the ministry said.商务部表示，基于会谈期间达成的共识，中方已暂时取消或暂停针对美方“对等关税”实施的相关关税和非关税反制措施。Wan Zhe, a professor of international trade at Beijing Normal University, said the US tariffs are essentially a radical attempt to politicize and instrumentalize trade issues.北京师范大学国际贸易教授万喆表示，美国的关税本质上是将贸易问题政治化和工具化的激进尝试。"The erratic and unpredictable nature of these tariff and economic measures has damaged the US' credibility in the global economy and dented global investors' confidence in the US market," Wan said, adding that the consequences will come at a steep cost for both its economy and international standing.万喆说：“这些关税和经济措施反复无常、不可预测的性质，损害了美国在全球经济中的信誉，削弱了全球投资者对美国市场的信心。”她补充说，其后果将给美国经济和国际地位带来高昂代价。Zak Stambor, an analyst at eMarketer Inc, a market research company based in New York City, said the US' "ever-shifting trade policies" mean "navigating an increasingly unpredictable landscape", making life and any attempts at financial planning harder for both manufacturers and consumers.纽约市场研究公司eMarketer的分析师扎克·斯坦博表示，美国“不断变化的贸易政策”意味着要“在一个日益不可预测的环境中航行”，这使得制造商和消费者的生活以及任何进行财务规划的尝试都变得更加困难。"The policies in place today may well shift tomorrow, making medium-term planning challenging and long-term planning nearly impossible," he said. "No wonder so many US companies are pulling their guidance altogether."他说：“今天的政策明天就可能改变，这使得中期规划充满挑战，长期规划几乎不可能。难怪这么多美国公司干脆撤回了业绩指引。”The frustration is not limited to US companies.叫苦不迭的不仅仅是美国公司。On Saturday, the European Commission, the executive arm of the European Union, said, "We strongly regret the announced increase of US tariffs on steel imports from 25 percent to 50 percent."周六，欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会表示：“我们对美国宣布将钢铁进口关税从25%提高到50%深表遗憾。”The US' announcement "adds further uncertainty to the global economy and increases costs for consumers and businesses on both sides of the Atlantic", the commission said, adding that the plan also undermines efforts to bring an end to the wider tariff standoff.欧盟委员会表示，美国的公告“给全球经济增添了更多不确定性，并增加了大西洋两岸消费者和企业的成本”，并补充说该计划还破坏了结束更广泛关税僵局的努力。Gao Lingyun, a researcher specializing in international trade at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, said the US' broader goals of reshoring manufacturing and maintaining economic hegemony cannot be addressed simply by imposing tariffs and other trade remedy measures on its trading partners.中国社会科学院（北京）国际贸易研究员高凌云表示，美国通过将制造业回流本土和维持经济霸权等更广泛的目标，不可能仅仅通过对其贸易伙伴加征关税和实施其他贸易救济措施就得以解决。In addition to the tariffs, the US has also been resorting to technological blockades and investment restrictions in its bid to contain China. Such multifaceted frictions are likely to be long-term, Gao said.高凌云说，除了关税之外，美国还一直在诉诸技术封锁和投资限制以遏制中国。这种多方面摩擦很可能是长期性的。Diversifying markets市场多元化Ningbo Lemeijia Electric Equipment Technology, a home appliance manufacturer based in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, and long-term supplier to the US market, said the company has actively communicated with its US partners and explored opportunities to bag more orders after the Geneva talks.总部位于浙江省宁波市的家电制造商、美国市场的长期供应商宁波乐美佳电器科技有限公司表示，在日内瓦会谈后，公司已积极与美国合作伙伴沟通，并探索拿到更多订单的机会。Even though the company's exports to the US surged 16.9 percent year-on-year to 220 million yuan ($31 million) last year, Luo Lujin, president of Ningbo Lemeijia, said the company has deployed more resources and manpower this year to cultivate emerging markets, especially those in Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, in order to mitigate the risks brought by unilateralism and geopolitical tensions.尽管该公司去年对美出口额同比增长16.9%，达到2.2亿元人民币（3100万美元），但宁波乐美佳总裁罗鲁津表示，今年公司已投入更多资源和人力来开拓新兴市场，特别是东南亚、拉丁美洲和中东的市场，以减轻单边主义和地缘政治紧张带来的风险。"Global trade flows are being seriously hampered by supply chain breakdowns, high tariff rates and other challenges. This makes diversification not just an option, but an essential strategy for survival," Luo said.罗鲁津说：“全球贸易流动正受到供应链中断、高关税和其他挑战的严重阻碍。这使得多元化不仅是一种选择，更是一种生存必需之策。”trade friction贸易摩擦countermeasures/ˈkaʊntəˌmɛʒəz/n.对策;对抗措施emerging markets新兴市场trade flows贸易流通tariff standoff关税僵局

Chinese Premier Li Qiang has made a trip to Southeast Asia this week for a historic first summit—where ASEAN, China, and the Gulf states aim to prove that 1+1+1 is greater than 3. Speaking at the talks in Kuala Lumpur, Li said the launch of the new forum marked a major innovation in regional economic cooperation amid complex changes in the international landscape.Host Ge Anna is joined by Dr Lee Pei May, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the International Islamic University Malaysia; Dr Rong Ying, Chair Professor with the School of International Studies, Sichuan University; Dr Zhou Mi, a senior research fellow with the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.

One of China's leading respiratory disease experts has called on authorities to step up prevention and treatment efforts for COVID-19 and influenza, warning that COVID infections remain at a high level across the country.我国著名呼吸疾病专家近日呼吁加强新冠与流感防控及诊疗工作，警示当前全国范围内新冠病毒感染仍处于较高流行水平。According to data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the COVID-19 positivity rate among outpatient and emergency influenza-like illness cases nationwide rose from 7.5 percent to 16.2 percent between March 31 and May 4. Among hospitalized cases, the positivity rate increased from 3.3 percent to 6.3 percent over the same period.中国疾病预防控制中心监测数据显示，3月31日至5月4日期间，全国流感样病例门诊/急诊新冠阳性率从7.5%攀升至16.2%，住院病例阳性率同期由3.3%增至6.3%。Zhong Nanshan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said individuals who test positive—especially seniors with underlying health conditions—should begin taking medication within the first 48 hours of symptom onset to prevent serious illness.中国工程院院士钟南山强调，新冠检测阳性者——尤其是有基础疾病的老年患者——应在症状出现48小时内启动药物治疗，以预防重症发生。"Although the current outbreak of COVID-19 can be controlled, it still poses risks for people over age 65 with preexisting conditions," Zhong said at the opening ceremony of the 2025 Guangzhou Science and Technology Week on Saturday.“当前新冠疫情虽整体可控，但65岁以上基础疾病患者仍面临风险。”钟南山院士周六在2025广州科技周启动仪式上表示。"Residents should remain calm," he added, predicting that the latest wave of infections would decline after June.他预测本轮疫情将于六月后逐步回落，并呼吁“民众应保持冷静”。钟院士同时透露，其科研团队正着力研发专门针对5岁以下儿童的新冠病毒抗体及治疗方案。Zhong also said his team is working to develop COVID-19 antibodies and treatments specifically for children under age 5.钟南山院士同时透露，其团队正致力于研发专门针对5岁以下儿童的新冠抗体及治疗方案。"Research on COVID-19 drugs for this age group remains limited, and there's a lack of safety data," he said. "It is not scientifically sound to assume that drugs approved for older children are also suitable for those as young as 1."“针对该年龄段的药物研究仍存在空白，安全性数据尤为匮乏。简单套用大龄儿童获批药物的做法，对于小至1岁的幼儿而言缺乏科学依据。”He urged health authorities to prioritize prevention and treatment for both COVID-19 and influenza, and encouraged older adults to seek prompt care when symptoms arise.他敦促卫生部门强化新冠与流感的联防联控机制，建议老年群体出现症状后应及时就医。"Choosing the right medication is also important," he said, noting that two new influenza drugs have recently been launched in China.“选择合适的药物同样关键。”钟院士特别指出，国内近期已有两款新型流感药物上市。"China is not lagging behind foreign countries in developing influenza treatments and vaccines," Zhong added.“我国在流感治疗药物与疫苗研发领域已达到国际先进水平。”Li Tongzeng, chief physician at the infectious disease department of Beijing YouAn Hospital, said the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases has remained low over the past two to three years.北京佑安医院感染综合科主任医师李侗曾表示，过去两三年间新冠重症率持续处于低位。"Most patients recover on their own within a week," he said, though immunocompromised individuals, the elderly and those with chronic illnesses remain at risk of serious complications.“多数患者一周内可自行康复，但免疫功能低下者、老年群体及慢性病患者仍需警惕重症风险。”No new symptoms have been identified recently, Li said. Fever, sore throat, cough and muscle aches remain the most common, while a small number of patients may experience a loss of taste or smell.他指出，近期未发现新的临床症状，发热、咽痛、咳嗽及肌痛仍为主要症状，少数患者可能出现味觉或嗅觉异常。Like the influenza virus, he said, COVID-19 continues to mutate.李侗曾强调，与流感病毒类似，新冠病毒仍在持续变异。"The greater the difference between the original strain and the current circulating variant, the less protection the body's antibodies can provide," Li said.他表示：“当前流行变异株与原始毒株的基因差异越大，人体抗体提供的免疫保护效力就越有限。”He noted that new variants are gradually replacing older ones, and population immunity wanes over time, contributing to several sporadic outbreaks this year.他解释称，新型变异株正逐步取代旧有病毒株，加之群体免疫水平随时间推移逐步衰减，共同导致了今年多轮散发疫情的出现。"This suggests that, compared with seasonal or climate factors, the spread of COVID-19 may depend more on how the virus evolves and the level of immunity in the population," he said.“这说明相较于季节性或气候因素，新冠疫情传播态势更取决于病毒进化方向及人群免疫屏障的强弱程度。”李侗曾认为，这一演变特征提示疫情防控需建立更动态化的应对机制。 respiratory disease呼吸道疾病influenza/ˌɪnfluˈenzə/n. 流感; 流行性感冒mutate/mjuːˈteɪt/v. 变异; (使)突变variant/ˈveəriənt/n. 变种; 变体vaccines/ˈvæksiːnz/n. 疫苗

China and the European Union are stepping up cooperation as the United States ramps up tariff pressure and global trade fragmentation deepens, signaling the shared commitment of China and the EU to openness, stability and mutual benefit in an increasingly uncertain world, experts said.专家指出，在美国持续加码关税压力与全球贸易碎片化加剧的背景下，中国与欧盟正持续深化合作，这一动向彰显了双方在日益动荡的国际环境中坚守开放、稳定、互利原则的共同承诺。Chinese investment in the EU surged 47 percent year-on-year to 10 billion euros ($11.4 billion) in 2024, marking its first significant rebound since 2016.2024年中国对欧盟投资额同比增长47%, 达到100亿欧元（约合114亿美元），实现自2016年以来首次显著回升。The growth, driven by record-high greenfield investment and a revival of mergers and acquisitions, reflects the enduring complementarities between the two sides, according to a joint report released on Wednesday by the New York-based Rhodium Group and German think tank Mercator Institute for China Studies. Greenfield investment is a type of foreign direct investment in which a parent company starts a business operation in a foreign country from scratch.根据纽约荣鼎集团与德国墨卡托中国研究中心周三联合发布的报告，这一由创纪录的绿地投资和并购复苏驱动的增长，印证了中欧经济结构的持久互补性。报告特别说明，绿地投资作为外商直接投资模式，特指母公司在外国从零开始新建业务的投资行为。Analysts said the momentum underscores the strategic importance of China-EU economic ties at a time when Washington's unilateral tariff hikes threaten to upend global supply chains. Strengthening cooperation in green energy, digital infrastructure and smart manufacturing will not only serve both sides' development interests, but also help safeguard the multilateral trading system, they added.分析师表示，当前美国单边加征关税政策正威胁全球供应链稳定之际，中欧经贸往来升温态势凸显了双方经济关系的战略重要性。他们还表示，加强在绿色能源、数字基础设施和智能制造等领域的合作，不仅契合双方发展利益，更有助于维护多边贸易体系。China's greenfield investment in Europe increased for the third year in a row and reached an all-time high of 5.9 billion euros, while merger and acquisition investment more than doubled in 2024 to 4.1 billion euro, according to the report.中国在欧洲的绿地投资连续第三年增长，2024年达59亿欧元创历史新高，并购投资额同比翻番至41亿欧元。Chinese battery giant Contemporary Amperex Technology, or CATL, emerged as the leading investor in 2024, accounting for 16 percent of total investment, mostly from the ongoing construction of its battery plant in Hungary, the report said.报告显示，中国电池巨头宁德时代（CATL）凭借匈牙利电池工厂的持续建设，以占总投资额16%的占比成为2024年主要投资方。Ding Chun, director of Shanghai-based Fudan University's Centre for European Studies, said, "China and the EU possess expansive common ground and enormous potential for cooperation in green energy, smart manufacturing and artificial intelligence."复旦大学欧洲研究中心主任丁纯表示：“中欧在绿色能源、智能制造和人工智能等领域拥有广阔合作空间与巨大发展潜力。”As of the end of 2024, EU enterprises had cumulatively invested more than $150 billion in China, data from the Ministry of Commerce showed.商务部数据显示，截至2024年底，欧盟企业累计对华投资超1500亿美元。China and Europe should work together to safeguard the stability of the multilateral trading system and global industrial chains, rather than allowing trade disputes to spiral into broader geopolitical conflicts, Ding said.丁纯指出，中欧应共同维护多边贸易体系和全球产业链稳定，避免让贸易争端升级为更广泛的地缘政治冲突。Last month, China and the EU floated the idea of lifting the tariffs on Chinese EVs through possible commitments to minimum prices, known as price undertakings for imported cars.上月，中欧双方就通过建立最低价格承诺机制（即进口汽车"价格承诺"制度）取消中国电动汽车关税展开可行性探讨。A further increase in China's investment in Europe is possible in 2025, the report said, noting that EU-China ties could improve amid the US' new trade war.报告认为，随着美国掀起新一轮贸易战，2025年中国对欧投资有望继续增长，中欧关系或将迎来改善契机。Simon Lichtenberg, the All China founding chairman of the Danish Chamber of Commerce in China, told China Daily that Europe has recognized the problems arising from being overly dependent on the US in the past and is now seeking to cultivate a more independent stance and perspective.中国丹麦商会创始全国主席李曦萌 (Simon Lichtenberg)向《中国日报》表示，欧洲已意识到过去过度依赖美国产生的问题，当前正着力培育更具独立性的立场与视角。This shifting mindset presents an opportunity for stronger China-EU cooperation, as both sides seek to navigate the complex geopolitical landscape, Lichtenberg said.他指出，这种思维转变为深化中欧合作提供机遇，双方可在复杂地缘政治格局中探寻共赢路径。"China's manufacturing capability is truly outstanding, perhaps the best in the world," he said. "If we do not leverage it, we would be sacrificing a crucial part of the global value."“中国制造业实力堪称卓越，或许堪称世界最佳。”他强调，“若不加以利用，我们将失去全球价值链中至关重要的一环。”"Now more than ever, we need to uphold global trade," Lichtenberg added. "Together we are stronger, and we can all stand to win if we work together."“当下比以往任何时候都更需维护全球贸易，”李曦萌强调，“团结使我们更加强大，通过合作，我们终将实现共赢。”Yao Ling, director of the European Institute at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that with combined economic might accounting for over one-third of global GDP and trade volume exceeding one-fourth of global trade, China and the EU stand as important economic partners, presenting immense opportunities for each other's development.商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院欧洲研究所所长姚铃表示，中欧经济总量占全球GDP三分之一以上，贸易额超全球贸易四分之一，作为重要经济伙伴为彼此发展提供巨大机遇。In particular, the deepening of China-EU cooperation within the framework of the global trading system could help mitigate the disruptive impact of Washington's unilateral and erratic tariff policies, Yao added.姚铃补充指出，特别是在全球贸易体系框架下深化中欧合作，将有助于缓解美国单边、反复无常加征关税政策所造成的破坏性影响。price undertakings价格承诺greenfield investment绿地投资from scratch从零开始; 从头做起leverage/ˈli:vərɪdʒ/v.利用smart manufacturing智能制造

China's emphasis on accelerating the development of the digital economy and advancing the concept of "Digital China" will give the country a competitive edge in strategic emerging sectors and safeguard global security, said officials and experts.官员和专家表示，中国强调加快发展数字经济，推进“数字中国”建设，将增强中国在战略性新兴领域的竞争优势，维护全球安全。Emphasizing that the boom of cutting-edge digital technologies has emerged as a new engine driving China's economic growth, they called for heightened efforts to push forward the construction of digital infrastructure, bolster the deeper integration of the real and digital economies, and promote technological innovation and the application of rapidly evolving artificial intelligence in a wider range of sectors.他们强调，尖端数字技术蓬勃发展，已成为中国经济增长的新引擎，并呼吁加大力度推进数字基础设施建设，促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合，推动技术创新和快速发展的人工智能在更广泛领域的应用。When delivering a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Second World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province, in December 2015, President Xi Jinping said that China is implementing the "Internet Plus" action plan and advancing the building of a "Digital China".2015年12月，习近平主席在浙江乌镇举行的第二届世界互联网大会开幕式上发表主旨演讲时表示，中国正在实施“互联网+”行动计划，推进“数字中国”建设。In a congratulatory letter sent to the first Digital China Summit, which opened in April 2018 in Fuzhou, Fujian province, Xi called for fostering new driving forces through informatization, in order to promote new development and make new achievements.2018年4月，首届数字中国建设峰会在福建福州开幕，习近平主席向峰会致贺信。他强调，要通过信息化培育新动能，推动新发展、取得新成就。He emphasized that digitalization, networking and the application of intelligent technologies, which have been greatly developed, are playing increasingly important roles in promoting social and economic development, modernizing China's governance capacity, and meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.他强调，数字化、网络化、智能化技术应用水平显著提升，在促进经济社会发展、推进国家治理能力现代化、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。This year marks the 10th anniversary of the nation's efforts to construct a "Digital China". China's digital economy has gained strong momentum in recent years, with remarkable achievements made in fields such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, industrial software and basic software.今年是“数字中国建设”十周年。近年来，中国数字经济发展势头强劲，人工智能、集成电路、工业软件、基础软件等领域取得了令人瞩目的成就。The added value of core industries of the digital economy accounted for about 10 percent of GDP in 2024, while the total data output reached 41.06 zettabytes, marking a robust 25 percent year-on-year increase, according to the "Digital China Development Report 2024" released by the National Data Administration.根据国家数据局发布的《数字中国发展报告（2024年）》，到2024年，数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP比重将达到10%左右，数据总输出量将达到41.06泽字节，同比增长25%。The report said the total scale of China's computing power reached 280 EFLOPS last year. EFLOPS is a unit of the speed of computer systems and is equal to 1 quintillion floating-point operations per second. Furthermore, it said, the country had built more than 4.25 million 5G base stations by the end of December.报告称，去年中国计算能力总规模达到280 EFLOPS。EFLOPS是计算机系统速度的单位，相当于每秒进行100万亿次浮点运算。此外，报告还称，截至12月底，中国已建成超过425万个5G基站。"To accelerate the building of a 'Digital China', it is crucial to seize the unprecedented opportunities brought about by AI," said Liu Liehong, head of the NDA, at the recently concluded 8th Digital China Summit, highlighting the significance of advancing reforms related to the market-oriented allocation of data elements and implementing the AI Plus initiative.“加快建设‘数字中国'，关键是要抓住人工智能带来的前所未有的机遇。”国家数据局局长刘烈宏在刚刚闭幕的第八届数字中国建设峰会上表示，他强调推进数据要素市场化配置改革、实施“人工智能+”战略具有重要意义。Noting that data serves as a new type of production factor, Liu said that more efforts are needed to increase the supply of high-quality data, accelerate the integration of data elements with AI, technological innovation and industrial development and application, and press ahead with the construction of national computing power infrastructure.刘烈宏指出，数据是新型生产要素，需要加大优质数据供给力度，加快数据要素与人工智能的融合发展、技术创新和产业发展应用，推进国家算力基础设施建设。He noted that new computing power in major computing hubs will account for more than 60 percent of the country's total by the end of this year, and called for cultivating a national integrated data market, establishing standards and systems for data circulation and transaction, and strengthening international cooperation in the digital economy domain.他指出，到今年年底，主要计算枢纽新增算力将占全国新增算力的60%以上。他呼吁培育全国一体化数据市场，建立数据流通交易标准体系，加强数字经济领域的国际合作。Luo Zhongwei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Industrial Economics, said, "Innovative digital technologies represented by AI, 5G, cloud computing and big data are currently finding a wide range of applications across various industries such as manufacturing, finance and healthcare, and speeding up their integration with the real economy."中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究员罗仲伟表示：“以人工智能、5G、云计算、大数据等为代表的创新数字技术，正在制造业、金融业、医疗健康等各行各业得到广泛应用，并与实体经济加速融合。”Luo said that facilitating the development of the digital economy is of vital significance for nurturing new quality productive forces, propelling the intelligent transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and consolidating economic recovery momentum, in order to drive a shift from old growth drivers to new ones amid a volatile external environment and tariff pressures from the United States.罗仲伟表示，在外部环境动荡、美国关税压力加大等背景下，推动数字经济发展对于培育新的优质生产力、推动传统产业智能化转型升级、巩固经济复苏势头、促进新旧动能转换具有重要意义。To gain an upper hand amid increasingly fierce international competition, Luo stressed the need to double down on indigenous innovation to make breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields like raw materials, precision components and high-end equipment, and expand the industrial application scenarios of advanced technologies.为了在日益激烈的国际竞争中占据先机，罗仲伟强调，必须加大自主创新力度，突破原材料、精密零部件、高端装备等关键领域的核心技术，拓展先进技术的产业应用场景。In February 2023, China unveiled a plan for the overall layout of its digital development, vowing to make important progress in the construction of a "Digital China" by 2025, with effective interconnectivity in digital infrastructure, a significantly improved digital economy and major breakthroughs in digital technological innovation. By 2035, the nation is expected to be at the global forefront of digital development.2023年2月，中国公布了《数字中国建设整体布局规划》，提出到2025年，“数字中国”建设要取得重要进展，数字基础设施有效互联互通，数字经济水平显著提升，数字技术创新取得重大突破。到2035年，中国数字发展水平要位居世界前列。"As a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is evolving, promoting the in-depth integration of digital technologies with the real economy is a necessary requirement for establishing a modern industrial system and a strategic choice of forging new competitive advantages on the global stage," said Pan Helin, a member of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's Expert Committee for Information and Communication Economy.工信部信息通信经济专家委员会委员盘和林表示：“新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在兴起，推动数字技术与实体经济深度融合，是构建现代产业体系的必然要求，也是打造国际竞争新优势的战略选择。”The move to develop the digital economy is conducive to enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains, advancing new industrialization and realizing Chinese modernization, Pan said.他指出，发展数字经济有利于增强产业链供应链韧性，推进新型工业化，实现中国式现代化。He added that a bigger push is needed to reinforce the dominant position of enterprises in boosting sci-tech advancements, increase financial support for innovation-oriented tech companies, and strengthen the training of high-caliber talent.他补充说，需要加大力度巩固企业在科技进步中的主体地位，加大对创新型科技企业的资金支持，加强高层次人才培养。Wu Jianping, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said the emergence of state-of-the-art digital technologies has laid a solid foundation for unleashing the value of massive data elements, which underscores the significance of safeguarding data security, a prerequisite to ensuring the orderly development of the data industry.中国工程院院士吴建平表示，先进数字技术的出现为释放海量数据要素的价值奠定了坚实基础，保障数据安全对于数据产业有序发展至关重要。AI seen as key人工智能被视为关键AI, which has entered a stage of explosive growth, is spearheading the development of the digital economy and is being integrated into every facet of industrial revolution and people's lives.人工智能已进入爆发式增长阶段，引领数字经济发展，并融入到产业变革和人们生活的方方面面。Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Chinese tech giant Baidu Inc, said that the application of AI technology is reshaping the industrial landscape and will be a transformative force that revolutionizes development over the next 40 years.中国科技巨头百度公司联合创始人兼首席执行官李彦宏表示，人工智能技术的应用正在重塑产业格局，将成为未来40年发展变革的变革力量。Li said the goal of the intelligent transformation of industries and society through AI is to fulfill people's needs—making technology meaningful only if it serves humanity by creating more value and contributing to society.李彦宏表示，人工智能推动行业和社会智能化转型的目标是满足人的需求——只有服务于人类，创造更多价值，贡献社会，技术才有意义。Zhou Hongyi, founder of Chinese internet enterprise 360 Security Group, said: "Looking ahead, the growth potential of China's economy will come from industrial upgrading driven by technological innovation, while AI represented by large language models will give birth to new production and business models in traditional fields such as manufacturing, agriculture and services, creating more social value."中国互联网企业360安全集团创始人周鸿祎表示：“展望未来，中国经济的增长潜力将来自技术创新驱动的产业升级，而以大型语言模型为代表的人工智能将催生制造业、农业、服务业等传统领域的新型生产和商业模式，创造更多社会价值。”Zhou said 360 Security Group will focus on digital security and AI, adding that it is important to promote the digital transformation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, as they face mounting pressure from a shortage of capital, talent and technology.周鸿祎表示，360安全集团将专注于数字安全和人工智能领域，并指出，推动中小微企业数字化转型至关重要，因为它们面临着日益增长的资金、人才和技术短缺压力。Denis Depoux, global managing director of market consultancy Roland Berger, said, "China has made rapid progress in the development of AI technology, becoming one of the global leaders, and the pace will further accelerate. AI will unlock massive opportunities for our business."市场咨询公司罗兰贝格全球管委会联席总裁丹尼斯·德普表示：“中国在人工智能技术发展方面取得了快速进步，已成为全球领先者之一，而且这一步伐还将进一步加快。人工智能将为我们的业务带来巨大的机遇。”Foreign companies can play a bigger role in supporting China's transformation in fields such as decarbonization and the digitalization of industrial and supply chains, he added.他补充说，外国公司可以在支持中国在低碳化、产业链和供应链数字化等领域转型方面发挥更大作用。digitization/ˌdɪdʒɪtaɪˈzeɪʃn/n.数字化resilience/rɪˈzɪliəns/n.韧性；恢复力interconnectivity/ˌɪntərkəˌnekˈtɪvəti/n.相互连接的状态或能力recalibration/ˌriːˌkælɪˈbreɪʃn/n.再校准；重新调整

It's a deal, but not a done deal. The temporary tariff agreement reached between China and the United States has brought a glimmer of positivity to a world shrouded in Washington's tariff war. What immediate impact will the deal have on the course of two-way trade? Does the agreement have any implications for other countries currently in talks with the U.S.? How may Beijing respond if Washington backtracks? And what may we expect after the three-month pause expires?Host Tu Yun joins Dr. Zhou Mi, the Deputy Director of the Institute of American and Oceania Study, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, William Lee, the Chief Economist with the U.S.-based Milken Institute, and Dr. Warwick Powell, Adjunct Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Australia for a close look at the Chat Lounge.

After high-level talks in Geneva, China and the United States have announced a series of tariff adjustments between the world's two largest economies. The two sides will remove 91% of tariffs and suspend 24% for 90 days while further talks continue. After the adjustment, both sides will retain a 10 percent baseline tariff while the U.S.'s 20% fentanyl-linked levy imposed earlier this year will also remain. The two sides will establish a system to continue discussions about economic and trade relations. How can we interpret the results from the Geneva meeting? How will the economic and trade relationship between China and the US evolve? What effect might that have on the global economy? Host Zhao Yang spoke with Yan Liang, Professor of Economics, Willamette University; Dr. Zhou Mi, Senior Research Fellow with Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation; Professor Qu Qiang, Fellow of Belt and Road Research Center at Minzu University of China.

Business groups and economists have welcomed the tariff adjustment measures announced by China and the United States on Monday, expressing the hope that the 90-day triple-digit tariff respite will allow both countries to further de-escalate trade tensions.中美两国周一宣布的关税调整措施受到商界团体和经济学家的欢迎，他们希望这项为期90天的三位数关税缓和政策能够为两国进一步缓解贸易紧张关系创造条件。While this provisional agreement marks a notable development in China-US trade relations, analysts warned that business communities should maintain a measured approach, rather than be overly optimistic, as uncertainties still surround the sustainability of the deal and future trade negotiations.尽管这项临时协议标志着中美贸易关系取得显著进展，但分析人士警告称，商界应保持审慎态度，不应过度乐观，因为该协议的可持续性和未来的贸易谈判仍然存在不确定性。According to a joint statement released by the world's two largest economies after a high-level meeting held over the weekend in Geneva, Switzerland, the US has agreed to slash its 145 percent tariffs on Chinese imports to 30 percent, while China has agreed to lower its tariffs on US goods to 10 percent from 125 percent.根据世界两大经济体上周末在瑞士日内瓦举行的高层会晤后发表的联合声明，美国同意将对中国进口商品征收的145%的关税削减至30%，而中国同意将对美国商品征收的关税从125%降至10%。Thomas Fullerton, an economist and a professor of economics at the University of Texas at El Paso, told China Daily that the 90-day triple-digit tariff respite "will help reduce the odds of a deep 2025 business-cycle contraction in both (the US and China), as well as in Latin America and other regions".德克萨斯大学埃尔帕索分校经济学家兼经济学教授托马斯·富勒顿告诉《中国日报》，为期90天的三位数关税暂缓期“将有助于降低中美以及拉丁美洲和其他地区在2025年出现严重经济周期性衰退的可能性”。"International trade volumes will temporarily accelerate as companies place merchandise import orders that had previously been sidelined," he said.他表示：“随着企业下达此前被搁置的商品进口订单，国际贸易量将暂时加速增长。”Pesitro Healthcare Products Co, a manufacturer of oral care products based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, and a longtime supplier to Walmart in the US, expects a significant increase in orders from North American customers.总部位于江苏扬州的口腔护理产品制造商华腾个人护理用品有限公司，是美国沃尔玛的长期供应商，该公司预计来自北美客户的订单将大幅增长。"People are accelerating their purchases because no one can predict future tariff dynamics," said Mu Longsheng, the company's marketing director. "The looming possibility of tariffs rising to 54 percent after 90 days has created additional urgency among North American buyers to secure inventory while rates are still low."“由于无人能够预测未来的关税走势，大家都在加快采购。”该公司市场总监穆龙生说，“90天后关税可能升至54%的预期，使得北美买家更急于在当前税率较低时确定库存。”"The return of the US market is largely attributed to China's resolute countermeasures. Standing firm has earned us the respect and the orders we deserve," Mu added.“美国市场的复苏很大程度上归功于中方的坚决反制。我们的坚定立场为我们赢得了应有的尊重和订单，”穆补充道。Jake Colvin, president of the National Foreign Trade Council based in Washington, DC, said the temporary agreement "cools the rapidly escalating trade war and gives some reprieve to US businesses and consumers".位于华盛顿特区的美国全国对外贸易委员会主席杰克·科尔文表示，这项临时协议“为迅速升级的贸易战降温，并给美国企业和消费者带来了一些喘息的机会”。"However, a temporary pause is just that," he said in a statement. "We urge the administration to continue engagement with China to come to a lasting agreement that will allow American companies to make long-term plans in a more stable and certain environment."“然而，暂时的停摆也只是暂时的，”他在一份声明中表示。“我们敦促政府继续与中方接触，达成一项持久的协议，使美国企业能够在更稳定、更确定的环境中制定长期计划。”US President Donald Trump told reporters on Monday that he was certain a long-term deal would be reached. If it is not, the tariffs will not go back to 145 percent after the 90-day pause ends, but "will go up substantially", he said.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周一告诉记者，他确信会达成一项长期协议。他表示，如果未能达成，关税在90天的停摆期结束后不会恢复到145%，而是“将大幅上调”。Long battle ahead旷日持久的战斗Analysts expect a long-drawn-out battle ahead, because they believe the gaps between China and the US on existing tariffs and nontariff barriers have further complicated the negotiations.分析人士预计，未来将是一场旷日持久的博弈，因为他们认为，中美在现有关税和非关税壁垒方面的分歧进一步加剧了谈判的复杂性。Gao Lingyun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of World Economics and Politics, said that despite the progress made in tariff reduction, the current overall duty rates continue to weigh heavily on companies and consumers on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所研究员高凌云表示，尽管在降低关税方面取得了进展，但目前整体税率依然对两岸企业和消费者造成较大压力。Resolving this hefty tariff issue will, therefore, remain a key priority during upcoming negotiations, he said.因此，他表示，解决这一高额关税问题仍将是即将举行的谈判的首要任务。More important, the discussions are expected to expand into the realm of nontariff barriers. Areas such as investment regulations, market access and the supply of critical raw materials are likely to feature prominently on the agenda, he added.更重要的是，预计谈判将扩展到非关税壁垒领域。他补充说，投资监管、市场准入和关键原材料供应等领域可能会成为谈判的重点。Gao noted that both China and the US have long-standing concerns in these areas, and addressing them will be crucial for achieving a comprehensive and durable trade agreement.高凌云指出，中美双方长期以来都对这些领域存在关切，解决这些问题对于达成一项全面持久的贸易协定至关重要。Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities, said, "The results of any future negotiations will ultimately be determined by how each side leverages its power and economic resilience."粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示：“未来任何谈判的结果最终都将取决于双方如何利用各自的实力和经济韧性。”The outcome of the talks represented a notable shift from the "maximum pressure" approach that had characterized the previous China trade policy of the US, he said.他表示，此次谈判的结果标志着美国对华贸易政策明显偏离了以往“极限施压”的策略。When confronted with China's firm countermeasures, the effectiveness of such unilateral actions proved less substantial than initially projected, leading to a necessary recalibration of the US' negotiating position, Luo said.罗志恒表示，面对中国的强硬反制措施，此类单边行动未能产生预期效果，因此美国有必要重新调整谈判立场。respite/ˈrespɪt/n.暂缓，喘息calibration/ˌkælɪˈbreɪʃən/n.校准；调适nontariff barriern.非关税壁垒durable/ˈdjʊərəbl/adj.持久的，耐用的

Livestreaming e-commerce, the practice of promoting products via live online broadcasts, has played a vital role in bolstering the growth of consumption and expanding employment, serving as an important force driving China's high-quality economic development, a new report said.据报告称电商直播作为通过实时在线直播推广商品的新兴模式，在促进消费扩容、带动就业增长方面发挥着重要作用，是推动中国经济高质量发展的重要引擎。According to a report released by the research institute of the China International Electronic Commerce Center, a livestreaming room can generate more than 30 new occupations and create a large number of jobs in the upstream and downstream of industrial chains.中国国际电子商务中心研究院发布的报告指出，单个直播间可衍生出30余种新职业，并在产业链上下游创造大量就业岗位。These new professions include livestreaming hosts, video analysts, video editors and cost assessors, while new jobs related to the operation of livestreaming rooms include the selection of products, video script planning, content production and data traffic allocation.新兴职业群体包括直播主播、视频分析师、视频剪辑师及成本核算师等专业人才。围绕直播间运营，还衍生出选品策划、脚本创作、内容制作、数据流量分配等配套岗位。Based on the survey from short video platform Kuaishou, among the enterprises that have been continuously conducting livestreaming marketing, over 70 percent of new customers come from livestreaming e-commerce and the speed of product innovation after livestreaming sessions has doubled, the report noted.报告援引短视频平台快手的调研数据显示，在持续开展直播营销的企业中，超七成新增客户源自电商直播渠道，且直播后产品创新速度提升了一倍。This indicates that livestreaming e-commerce has become a significant driving force for enterprises to acquire new users and promote industrial innovation.这印证了电商直播不仅为企业开辟了用户增长新路径，更成为驱动产业创新的重要加速器。The report pointed out that by leveraging cutting-edge digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, livestreaming has offered consumers an interactive, immersive and real-time shopping experience, and an increasing number of brands are starting their own livestreaming activities on platforms to forge a stronger emotional connection with shoppers.该报告指出，借助人工智能和大数据等尖端数字技术，电商直播为消费者打造了交互式、沉浸式、即时化的购物体验。目前越来越多品牌选择在平台开展直播活动，以强化与消费者的情感纽带。"E-commerce via livestreaming has not only profoundly changed consumers' shopping habits, but also injected new impetus into the country's economic growth," said Zhai Weibin, deputy head of the China International Electronic Commerce Center.中国国际电子商务中心副主任翟伟斌（Zhai Weibin）表示：“电商直播不仅深刻改变了消费者的购物习惯，更为国家经济增长注入了新动能。”The report highlighted the significant role of livestreaming e-commerce in contributing to regional economic growth, driving industrial transformation and upgrades, supporting rural vitalization and expanding sales channels for agricultural products.报告强调，电商直播在促进区域经济增长、推动产业转型升级、助力乡村振兴、拓宽农产品销售渠道等方面发挥着重要作用。Li Yongjian, a researcher at the National Academy of Economic Strategy under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said livestreaming e-commerce can help narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, as research shows that if the gross merchandise value or GMV of fresh food increases by 1 percent during the livestreaming sessions, the per capita disposable income of rural residents will increase by 0.03 percent.中国社会科学院国家财经战略研究院研究员李勇坚（Li Yongjian）指出，研究表明当直播场景中农产品交易额每增长1%，农村居民人均可支配收入将提升0.03%，这表明直播电商有助于缩小城乡居民收入差距。Data from market consultancy iResearch showed that the revenue of China's livestreaming e-commerce sector reached 5.8 trillion yuan ($803.3 billion) last year, with the compound annual growth rate reaching 18 percent between 2024 and 2026.艾瑞咨询数据显示，去年中国电商直播市场规模达5.8万亿元（约合8033亿美元），2024至2026年复合年增长率将保持在18%。Experts said short-video platforms are doubling down on efforts to expand their presence in livestreamed shopping, with online traffic shifting from traditional e-commerce platforms to video-sharing apps.专家分析，随着线上流量从传统电商平台向短视频平台迁移，短视频平台正加大直播购物领域的布局力度。Meanwhile, the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has become a new engine bolstering the high-quality development of the livestreaming e-commerce sector, and is reshaping the landscape of the industry given that the technology has significantly improved operational efficiency, reduced labor costs and lifted purchasing conversion rates, the report said.报告特别指出，人工智能技术的快速发展正成为助推电商直播高质量发展的新引擎。该报告称AI技术通过显著提升运营效率、降低人力成本、提高购买转化率等优势，正在重塑行业格局。The report stated that through data analysis and algorithm recommendations, AI can precisely match the goods or services that consumers are most interested in and predict their demand, providing data support for the design and production of new products.报告指出，通过数据分析和算法推荐，人工智能可以精准匹配消费者最感兴趣的商品或服务，预测消费需求，为新产品研发设计提供数据支撑。Livestreaming featuring AI-powered virtual hosts has also emerged as a new trend. Global consultancy Forrester said more business-to-consumer brands are using virtual hosts to attract digital-savvy and novelty-seeking young consumers, as they cost less than human talent and reduce risks such as celebrity scandals.人工智能虚拟主播直播已成为新兴趋势。全球知名咨询公司弗若斯特（Forrester）指出，相较于真人主播成本更低且能规避明星丑闻等风险，越来越多面向消费者的品牌开始运用虚拟主播吸引精通数字技术、热衷尝新的年轻消费群体。"Livestreaming could allow hosts to interact with customers in real time and answer their queries immediately, which will greatly improve people's shopping experiences and lure more shoppers to purchase online," said Chen Tao, an analyst with internet consultancy Analysys in Beijing.“通过直播形式，主播可与消费者实时互动并即时答疑，这将显著提升购物体验，吸引更多消费者选择在线消费。”北京互联网咨询机构易观的分析师陈涛表示。这一新兴模式正在重塑电子商务领域的用户互动方式。livestreaming e-commerce电商直播cutting-edgeadj.前沿的，最前沿的data analysis数据分析，资料分析algorithm/ˈælɡərɪðəm/n. 算法; 计算程序the per capita disposable income人均可支配收入

When most of us think about poultry, our minds often turn to chickens, the staple of farms and dinner tables worldwide. However, Nigeria is home to several other fascinating types of poultry beyond the humble chicken that have played significant roles in the country's agriculture, culture, and economy. While these poultry species are firmly embedded in the Nigerian agricultural system, the history of how and when these animals came to be domesticated and where these populations originally derived from is often obscure. Recent research conducted by Dr. Adeniyi Charles Adeola of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and colleagues, has shed new light on three often-overlooked poultry species, the Muscovy duck, the domestic pigeon, and the helmeted guinea fowl. These birds not only offer valuable genetic resources but also hold keys to food security, sustainable farming, and biodiversity conservation.

China has urged the United States to cancel its unilateral tariffs as quickly as possible, and get back on track to properly address differences through equal dialogue.中国敦促美方尽快取消单边关税，回到通过平等对话妥善处理分歧的正轨上来。If the US stubbornly pursues its course of a trade war, China will "fight till the end" to defend its legitimate rights and interests, Chinese officials said on Thursday.中国官员周四表示，如果美方一意孤行地打贸易战，中方将“誓死捍卫自身合法权益”。They didn't specify whether Beijing will again raise tariffs on US goods, which now stand at an additional 84 percent, in response to the latest decision by the US on Wednesday to raise the tariff on Chinese imports to 125 percent.中国官员并未具体说明北京是否会再次提高对美商品的关税。目前，美国对华商品的关税已高达84%，以回应美方周三将对华进口商品的关税提高至125%。The China Film Administration said on Thursday evening that the country—the world's second-largest film market—will moderately reduce the imports of US films.中国国家电影局周四晚间表示，作为全球第二大电影市场，中国将适度减少美国电影的进口。"The US government's abuse of tariffs against China will inevitably lead to a further decline in the favorable perception of US films among the Chinese audience," the administration said in an online statement. "We will adhere to the law of the market and respect the choices of the audience, and moderately reduce the number of US films imported."国家电影局发布声明表示：“美国政府滥用关税对华政策，必然导致中国观众对美国电影的好感度进一步下降。我们将遵循市场规律，尊重观众选择，适度减少美国电影的进口数量。”He Yongqian, spokeswoman for the Ministry of Commerce, said at a news conference on Thursday, "Our position is consistent and clear—the door to dialogue is open, but any discussions must be conducted on the basis of mutual respect and equality."中国商务部发言人何永乾周四在新闻发布会上表示：“中方立场是一贯和明确的——对话的大门是敞开的，但任何讨论都必须在相互尊重和平等的基础上进行。”However, she stressed the abuse of pressure, threats and extortion is not the way to engage with China.但她强调，滥用施压、威胁和勒索并非与中国交往之道。"We hope that the two countries will meet each other halfway and work toward resolving differences through dialogue and consultation, guided by the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation," she added.她补充道：“我们希望两国相向而行，在相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则指导下，通过对话协商解决分歧。”She noted that the current bonded policies in the special supervision areas of China's free trade zones will still be applicable for US goods, specifying that taxes will still need to be duly paid once the US goods depart the designated areas and enter the Chinese market for sales.她指出，中国自贸区特殊监管区域内的现行保税政策仍将适用于美国商品，并明确规定美国商品离开指定区域进入中国市场销售后仍需按时缴纳税款。US President Donald Trump said on Wednesday that he was pausing his new tariffs for 90 days except on China.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周三表示，他将暂停对除中国以外的所有国家征收新关税90天。Trump said on social media that he had "authorized a 90-day PAUSE, and a substantially lowered Reciprocal Tariff during this period, of 10 percent, also effective immediately". He did not specify which countries the pause would apply to, but he was clear that the levies would climb for China.特朗普在社交媒体上表示，他已“授权暂停90天，并在此期间大幅降低10%的对等关税，同样即日生效”。他没有具体说明暂停措施将适用于哪些国家，但他明确表示，对中国的关税将有所提高。Gary Winslett, an assistant political science professor at Middlebury College in Vermont, said: "The 90-day pause is a step in the right direction, but the trade war with China is still bad, the universal 10 percent tariff is even worse, the on-again-off-again approach is bad for investment and jobs, and we further undermined geopolitical leadership with nothing to show for it."佛蒙特州明德学院政治学助理教授加里·温斯莱特表示：“90天的暂停是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但与中国的贸易战本身依然有害，10%的普遍关税更糟糕，反复无常的政策令投资与就业环境雪上加霜，我们的地缘领导力也在不断被削弱。”Analysts noted that the Trump administration's 10 percent base tariff is still in place, suggesting that more rounds of tariff negotiations are ahead. The White House said that over 70 countries had come forward to negotiate tariffs this week.分析人士指出，特朗普政府10%的基准关税仍然有效，这表明未来还有更多轮关税谈判。白宫表示，本周已有超过70个国家提出就关税进行谈判。Luo Zhenxing, an associate research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of American Studies, said that the US' selective approach to different countries allows Washington to maintain its image, as removing tariffs across the board could be seen as a setback. In addition, it shows that the Trump administration is using tariffs as a tool and weapon, likely targeting China, Luo added.中国社会科学院美国研究所副研究员罗振兴表示，美国对不同国家采取选择性措施，有助于维护自身形象，因为全面取消关税可能会被视为一种挫败。此外，这也表明特朗普政府正在将关税作为一种工具和武器，可能用于针对中国。Such moves by the US have severely disrupted the global trade system. Regardless of future policy directions, key global trade principles like the WTO's nondiscrimination rule have been significantly undermined, potentially leading to a restructuring of global trade and even global financial systems, Luo said.罗振兴表示，美国的此类举动严重扰乱了全球贸易体系。无论未来的政策走向如何，像世贸组织非歧视性规则这样的关键全球贸易原则都已受到严重破坏，这可能导致全球贸易乃至全球金融体系的重组。Lin Jian, spokesman for the Foreign Ministry, told a news conference on Thursday that China will never allow the international economic and trade rules and the multilateral trading system to be undermined.外交部发言人林剑周四在新闻发布会上表示，中国绝不允许国际经贸规则和多边贸易体制受到破坏。The US is placing its own interests above the legitimate interests of the rest of the world, sacrificing the just interests of all countries to serve its hegemonic ambitions, Lin said, adding that this will inevitably face stronger opposition from the international community.林坚表示，美国将自身利益置于世界其他国家的合法利益之上，为了实现其霸权野心不惜牺牲所有国家的正当利益，这必将遭到国际社会的强烈反对。China and the European Union have recently exchanged views on strengthening economic and trade cooperation in response to US tariff hikes.中国与欧盟近期就加强经贸合作应对美国加征关税交换了意见。The latest move came as Commerce Minister Wang Wentao held a video call on Tuesday with European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security Maros Sefcovic, during which they discussed various issues, including enhancing China-EU economic and trade cooperation and responses to the US imposition of so-called "reciprocal tariffs", according to a statement released by the Commerce Ministry on Thursday.据中国商务部周四发布的声明，商务部长王文涛周二与欧盟贸易和经济安全委员谢夫乔维奇举行视频通话，就加强中欧经贸合作、应对美国加征所谓“对等关税”等议题进行了讨论。Wang said that under current circumstances, China and the EU jointly upholding the rules-based multilateral trading system and staying committed to trade liberalization and facilitation will "inject more stability and certainty into the global economic and trade landscape".王文涛表示，在当前形势下，中欧共同维护基于规则的多边贸易体制，坚持贸易自由化便利化，将“为全球经贸格局注入更多稳定性和确定性”。According to the statement, the two sides agreed to immediately start negotiations on electric vehicle pricing commitments, and resume the China-EU trade remedy dialogue mechanism.声明称，双方同意立即启动电动汽车价格承诺谈判，并重启中欧贸易救济对话机制。The European Union Chamber of Commerce in China said on Thursday that China has the chance to establish a business environment that can provide the stability and reliability that investors require.中国欧盟商会周四表示，中国有机会建立一个能够为投资者提供所需稳定性和可靠性的营商环境。On the contrary, the US is now rolling back on many of the principles that have underpinned its approach to global trade and investment, which has created unprecedented global economic uncertainty, the chamber said.该商会表示，相比之下，美国目前正在放弃其全球贸易和投资方针的许多原则，这造成了前所未有的全球经济不确定性。retaliationn.报复sanctionn.制裁levyv.征税equal dialogue平等对话hegemonicadj.霸权的multilateral trading system多边贸易体制

China will raise additional tariffs on all goods imported from the United States to 84 percent, starting at 12:01 am on Thursday, and has added 18 US entities to its export control and unreliable entity lists in order to counter the US' unilateral tariff hikes.中国将于周四零点零1分起对自美国进口的全部商品加征关税至84%，并将18家美国实体企业列入出口管制清单和不可靠实体清单，以反制美方单方面加征关税。Analysts said the countermeasures send a clear message that China, the world's second-largest economy, is prepared to stand firm in defense of its legitimate interests and the rules-based multilateral trading system.分析师表示，这些反制措施传递出明确信号：作为全球第二大经济体，中国已做好准备坚决捍卫自身合法权益及以规则为准的多边贸易体系。On Wednesday evening, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Ministry of Education issued separate risk alert to tourists and students planning to go to the US.周三晚间，中国文化和旅游部与教育部分别对计划赴美旅游和留学人员发布了风险预警。Beijing's latest moves follow Washington's decision to increase its so-called "reciprocal tariffs" on Chinese goods to 84 percent, bringing the total additional tariffs imposed by the current Trump administration to 104 percent.中方最新举措是对华盛顿决定将所谓"对等关税"提高至84%的回应，至此特朗普政府任内对华加征关税总额已达104%。The Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council, China's Cabinet, said in a statement on Wednesday that the US' decision to increase tariffs on Chinese goods is "a mistake upon a mistake".国务院关税税则委员会周三发表声明指出，美方提高对华商品关税是"错上加错"。The US' tariff hikes, which severely infringe on China's legitimate rights and interests, damage the rules-based multilateral trading system and destabilize the global economic order, are "a clear example of unilateralism, protectionism and economic coercion", the commission said.该委员会表示，美方加征关税严重侵犯中国合法权益，损害基于规则的多边贸易体系，扰乱全球经济秩序，是"典型的单边主义、保护主义和经济胁迫"。Also on Wednesday, the Ministry of Commerce announced that it has included 12 more US entities, including American Photonics and BRINC Drones, on China's export control list, thereby effectively banning the export of dual-use items — goods that can be used for both civilian and military purposes — from China to these entities.同样在本周三，商务部宣布将包括美国光电公司和布莱恩无人机公司在内的另外12家美国实体列入中国出口管制清单。从而有效地禁止了中国向这些实体出口军民两用物项（兼具民用和军事用途的商品）。The ministry said it has also added six more US companies, including Shield AI and Cyberlux Corp, to China's unreliable entity list. It means these companies are banned from trading or investing in the country.该部门同时将6家美国企业列入不可靠实体清单，新增企业包括Shield AI、赛博勒克斯公司等。被列入清单意味着这些企业被禁止在华开展贸易投资活动。Furthermore, China has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization over the latest US tariff hikes, the ministry added.商务部补充称，中方已就美方最新加征关税措施向世界贸易组织提起诉讼。Guo Kai, executive president of CF40 Institute, a research center affiliated with the think tank China Finance 40 Forum, said Beijing's strong countermeasures have proved that Washington's expectations of China succumbing to the pressure of US tariffs were miscalculated.智库“中国金融四十人论坛”下属研究中心CF40研究院执行院长郭凯表示，中方强有力的反制措施证明，美方期待中国屈服于关税压力的预期构成了战略误判。。It may take some time, but Beijing's firm stand to "fight until the end" will make Washington realize that it underestimated China's endurance to tariffs, Guo said, underscoring that the realization would eventually bring the US back to the negotiation table.郭凯指出，尽管可能需要时间，但中方"奉陪到底"的坚定立场将使美方意识到其低估了中国承受关税压力的耐力，这种认知最终将促使美方重返谈判桌。"And when that time comes, it (the negotiation) will be on China's terms, not on the US' terms," Guo added.郭凯强调："当谈判重启之时，届时谈判将按中方条件进行，而非美方条件。"Lin Meng, director of the modern supply chain research institute at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation in Beijing, noted that China's countermeasures reflect its firm opposition to US hegemony and underscore its commitment to upholding a fair, rules-based global trading system.中国国际贸易与经济合作研究院现代供应链研究所所长林梦指出，中方反制措施既体现了反对美国霸权的坚定立场，也彰显了维护公平、基于规则的全球贸易体系的决心。"This offers other countries a reference for defending their interests through multilateralism and reinforces the importance of a rules-based global trading system amid rising unilateral pressures," Lin said.林梦表示："这为各国通过多边主义捍卫自身利益提供了范例，并在单边压力加剧之际强化了基于规则的全球贸易体系的重要性。"Li Haidong, a professor at China Foreign Affairs University's Institute of International Relations, said the White House is playing the tariff card to advance its domestic political agenda and secure gains in the upcoming midterm elections.中国外交学院国际关系研究所教授李海东表示，白宫正通过关税牌推进国内政治议程，为即将到来的中期选举谋取利益。"Given that China is a staunch proponent of globalization, the Trump administration is escalating the 'tariff war' in an attempt to overturn the multilateral trading system of the past decades and recast it in a way that preserves the US' dominance and allows it to continue draining the rest of world," Li said.李海东指出："中国作为全球化坚定捍卫者，正面临特朗普政府不断升级的'关税战'，其意图是颠覆过去数十年的多边贸易体系，重构有利于维持美国霸权、允许其持续掠夺全球的体系。"However, global consulting firm PwC told China Daily that the US' "reciprocal tariff" policy may only encourage other countries to strengthen regional economic cooperation by establishing regional free trade zones and enhancing trade agreements, thereby reducing trade costs and improving supply chain stability.不过，普华永道会计师事务所向《中国日报》表示，美国的"对等关税"政策或将促使其他国家通过建立区域自贸区、深化贸易协定等方式加强区域经济合作，从而降低贸易成本、提升供应链稳定性。Su Jian, a professor of economics at Peking University, said that for the next step, it is essential for Chinese companies to minimize related risk exposure by adjusting trade partner selection, managing order cycles, reassessing key supply chain interdependency, strengthening communication with US market partners, and preparing for future supply security and pricing mechanisms.北京大学经济学教授苏剑建议，下一步中国企业应通过以下措施最大限度降低相关风险敞口：调整贸易伙伴选择、管理订单周期、重新评估关键供应链依赖关系、加强与美方市场伙伴沟通、做好未来供应保障和定价机制准备。countermeasuresn.对抗措施reciprocal tariffs对等关税unreliable entity list不可靠实体清单export control list出口管制清单unilateralism单边主义multilateralism多边主义filed a complaint提起诉讼

China has vowed to take firm and necessary countermeasures in response to the United States' escalating tariff threats, reaffirming its commitment to defending national interests while upholding the stability of the global trade system.中国发誓将采取坚决必要措施，以应对美国不断升级的关税威胁，重申其维护国家利益和维护全球贸易体系稳定的决心。Analysts said that China's move sent a strong signal to the international community of rejecting unilateralism and joining efforts to safeguard multilateral trade rules.分析人士表示，中国此举向国际社会发出强烈信号，表明中国反对单边主义，携手维护多边贸易规则。They noted that Beijing retains ample policy tools to respond, including raising tariffs on US energy and agricultural imports, as well as further expanding export controls on critical minerals such as rare earth elements. These targeted actions are expected to increase pressure on Washington and could pave the way for a return to rational negotiations, they added.他们指出，北京方面拥有充足的政策工具来应对，包括提高对美国能源和农产品进口的关税，以及进一步扩大对稀土元素等关键矿产的出口管制。他们补充说，这些有针对性的行动预计将加大对华盛顿的压力，并可能为恢复理性谈判铺平道路。"China will resolutely take countermeasures to safeguard its rights and interests, should the United States escalate its tariff measures," the Ministry of Commerce said in a statement on Tuesday, hours after the US threatened to impose a further 50 percent tariff on China if Beijing does not withdraw its 34 percent counter-tariff.中国商务部周二在一份声明中表示：“如果美国升级关税措施，中方将坚决采取反制措施，维护自身权益。”此前数小时，美国威胁称，如果北京不撤销已加征的34%反制关税，将对中国进一步加征50%的关税。US President Donald Trump signed an executive order on April 2 regarding the so-called "reciprocal tariffs", imposing a 10 percent "baseline tariff" and higher rates on certain trading partners.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于4月2日签署了一项关于所谓“对等关税”的行政命令，决定对部分贸易伙伴征收10%的“基准关税”，并提高其税率。Last week, Beijing adopted an array of countermeasures, including an additional 34 percent tariff on US imports, following a decision by the US to impose an additional 34 percent tariff on Chinese imports.上周，继美国决定对中国进口产品加征34%的关税后，北京方面采取了一系列反制措施，包括对美国进口产品加征34%的关税。"The US' tariff escalation threat against China compounds its mistake and further exposes its nature of blackmail, which China will never accept," the ministry said. "China will fight till the end if the US is bent on going down the wrong path."中国商务部表示：“美方对华升级关税威胁加剧了其错误，进一步暴露了其讹诈本质，中方绝不接受。如果美方执意沿着错误的路走下去，中方将坚决斗争到底。”Analysts believe that the set of forceful and targeted countermeasures that Beijing has taken showed that it has ample tools at its disposal, especially against sectors and companies that are priorities for the Trump administration, and where China's dependence is not significant.分析人士认为，北京方面采取的一系列强硬且有针对性的反制措施表明，其拥有充足的反制手段，尤其针对特朗普政府重点关注、而中国对美依赖程度不高的行业和企业。The energy and agricultural sectors that Trump hopes to bolster are also the primary industries in some US states. Intensifying sanctions on these sectors would therefore heighten domestic pressure on the Trump administration, said Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities.特朗普希望加强的能源和农业部门，也是美国一些州的主要产业。因此，粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，加大对这些行业的制裁力度将加剧特朗普政府的国内压力。Luo said that China can consider extending export restrictions to potentially include lighter rare earth elements like lanthanum and cerium, as the US is highly dependent on such Chinese imports.罗志恒表示，中国可以考虑扩大出口限制，可能将镧和铈等较轻的稀土元素也纳入其中，因为美国高度依赖中国进口稀土元素。"The trade war this time is not one that can easily be settled through concessions," Luo said. "China must take firm and resolute countermeasures to defend its interests, which will then compel the US to come back to the negotiating table."“这次的贸易战不是一场能轻易通过让步解决的贸易战，”罗志恒表示，“中国必须采取坚决有力的反制措施，捍卫自身利益，从而迫使美国重返谈判桌。”The US saw widespread protests over the weekend that in part opposed the Trump administration's aggressive tariff policies, which are seen as inflicting real economic pain on households and businesses across the country.上周末，美国爆发了大规模抗议活动，部分原因是抗议特朗普政府激进的关税政策，这些政策被认为给美国各地的家庭和企业带来了实质性经济伤害。Steve Lamar, president and CEO of the American Apparel & Footwear Association, said in a statement last week, "To be clear, tariffs are taxes borne by the American companies that import the goods and the hardworking American families that buy those goods."美国服装和鞋类协会主席兼首席执行官史蒂夫·拉马尔上周在一份声明中表示：“明确地说，关税是由进口商品的美国公司和购买这些商品的辛勤工作的美国家庭承担的税款。”"Tariffs will significantly increase the cost of manufacturing in the US, and, when paired with the retaliatory tariffs that will surely come, will undermine US export opportunities as well," Lamar said.“关税将大幅增加美国制造业的成本，再加上必然会采取的报复性关税，还将损害美国的出口机会。”拉马尔说道。China's potent countermeasures don't mean that a trade war is the only way forward, as Beijing stands ready to talk with Washington.中国的强硬反制措施并不意味着贸易战是唯一的出路，北京随时准备与华盛顿对话。China urges the US to immediately correct its wrongdoing, cancel all unilateral tariff measures against China, stop its economic and trade suppression, and settle differences with China properly through dialogue on an equal footing and on the basis of mutual respect, the Commerce Ministry said.中国商务部表示，中方敦促美方立即纠正错误做法，取消所有针对中国的单边关税措施，停止其经贸打压，并在平等和相互尊重的基础上通过对话妥善解决与中方的分歧。Beijing is not alone in facing the Trump administration's "Liberation Day" tariffs. The White House has dragged its own long-standing allies into the fray, including imposing additional tariffs as high as 20 percent on imports from the European Union, 25 percent on imports from South Korea and 24 percent on imports from Japan.北京并非唯一面临特朗普政府“解放日”关税的国家。白宫将其长期盟友拖入战局，包括对欧盟进口产品征收高达20%的额外关税，对韩国进口产品征收高达25%的额外关税，对日本进口产品征收高达24%的额外关税。"By placing massive and disproportionate tariffs on our friends and our enemies alike and thereby launching a global economic war against the whole world at once, we are in the process of destroying confidence in our country as a trading partner, as a place to do business and as a market to invest capital," said Bill Ackman, a hedge fund titan who endorsed Trump's run for president.支持特朗普竞选总统的对冲基金巨头比尔·阿克曼表示：“通过对我们的朋友和敌人征收巨额且不成比例的关税，从而同时向全世界发动一场全球经济战，我们正在摧毁人们对我国作为贸易伙伴、经商环境和投资市场的信心。”"We will severely damage our reputation with the rest of the world that will take years and potentially decades to rehabilitate," Ackman said in a post on social media platform X.阿克曼在社交媒体平台X上发帖称：“这将严重损害我们在世界其他国家的声誉，需要数年甚至数十年才能恢复。”Ma Guangyuan, a senior economist, said the era of the US calling the shots and forcing countries to choose sides is over, as the US-led trade system is falling apart. However, this does not mean the end of free trade itself, as the global community still recognizes the benefits of open economic cooperation, Ma said.资深经济学家马光远表示，美国发号施令、迫使各国选边站队的时代已经结束，美国主导的贸易体系正在崩溃。然而，这并不意味着自由贸易本身的终结，因为国际社会仍然认同开放经济合作的益处。"Economics will triumph over politics and free trade will overcome hegemony," Ma added. "China can seize this chance to broaden its circle of friends and jointly foster a new trade framework on the foundation of equality, freedom and mutual benefits with other economies."“经济将战胜政治，自由贸易将战胜霸权，”马光远补充道。“中国可以抓住这个机会，扩大‘朋友圈'，与其他经济体共同构建一个在平等、自由、互利基础上的新型贸易框架。”High-ranking officials from Italy, Portugal and France, as well as the European commissioner for trade and economic security, visited China in late March. Around the same time, South Korea and Japan agreed to accelerate negotiations with China on the stalled trilateral free trade agreement.意大利、葡萄牙和法国的高级官员以及欧盟贸易和经济安全事务专员于3月底访华。与此同时，韩国和日本同意加快与中国就陷入僵局的三边自由贸易协定进行谈判。"Our championing of free trade is not just a response to US aggression, but a strategic initiative to guide the development of the multilateral system in a direction that benefits all," said Mei Xinyu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.中国国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员梅新育表示。“中国倡导自由贸易不仅是对美国侵略行为的回应，更是引导多边体系朝着惠及各方方向发展的战略举措，”"The US' blanket, across-the-board imposition of high tariffs this time might end up uniting all the affected economies into a shared marketplace that could potentially dwarf the size of the US market," Mei said.梅新育说：“美国此次全面征收高额关税，最终可能会将所有受影响的经济体联合成一个共享市场，这可能会使美国市场的规模相形见绌。”countermeasuresn.反制措施baseline tariffn.基线关税unilateralismn.单边主义blackmailn.讹诈；威胁disproportionate tariffs不成比例的关税economic coercionn.经济胁迫

Pedestrians walk past a board showing the numbers of the Nikkei Stock Average on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan on Monday. Tokyo stocks plunged on Monday, with the benchmark Nikkei index suffering its third-largest point drop on record, as global sell-offs continued amid intensifying fears of an all-out trade war and a global economic recession triggered by the United States' tariff hikes.周一，在日本东京证券交易所，行人从显示日经平均指数的电子屏前走过。由于对全面贸易战和由美国加征关税引发的全球经济衰退的担忧不断加剧，全球市场持续抛售，东京股市周一大幅下跌，基准日经指数录得史上第三大点数跌幅。While the Chinese stock market was not immune from Monday's global stock market meltdown after the United States announced wide-ranging tariffs, the A-share market will likely gain continued favor from investors, as China has plenty of policy room in the midterm to long run and its economy is resilient enough to offset the impact of the sweeping tariffs, said experts.专家表示，尽管中国股市未能免受周一美国宣布大范围关税后全球股市崩盘的影响，A股市场仍有望继续受到投资者青睐，因为从中长期看，中国政策空间充足，且经济韧性足以抵御广泛关税带来的冲击。Although the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Component Index were down by 7.34 percent and 9.66 percent respectively on Monday, action was taken immediately. Central Huijin Investment, an arm of China's sovereign wealth fund, said during the late trading hours on Monday that it had increased its holdings in exchange-traded funds.尽管基准指数上证综指和深证成指周一分别下跌7.34%和9.66%，但相关应对举措也已迅速出台。中国主权财富基金下属的中央汇金投资公司周一晚间交易时段表示，它已增持交易所交易基金。Fully acknowledging the A-share market's current investment value, Central Huijin said it would increase its exposure and firmly safeguard the stable operation of the capital market.中央汇金充分认识到A股市场当前的投资价值，表示将加大投资力度，坚决维护资本市场的稳定运行。A sell-off swept the global market after US President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday to impose a 10 percent baseline tariff on all imports to the United States. The policy includes tariffs as high as 34 percent on imports from China and 20 percent from the European Union.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周三签署行政令，对所有进口到美国的产品征收10%的基准关税。该政策包括对从中国进口的产品征收高达34%的关税，对从欧盟进口的产品征收高达20%的关税。该措施引发全球市场大规模抛售潮。Japan's Nikkei 225 closed 7.83 percent lower on Monday, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index slumped 13.22 percent. The pan-European STOXX 600 was 6 percent lower shortly after the opening bell, and Germany's DAX index was more than 9.5 percent lower during early deals.日本日经225指数周一收盘下跌7.83%，香港恒生指数下跌13.22%。泛欧斯托克600指数开盘后不久下跌6%，德国DAX指数早盘跌幅超过9.5%。The US stock market also fell victim to the country's tariff regime. The Nasdaq plunged 5.8 percent on Friday to end the week by losing over 10 percent, signaling the entry of a bear market for the first time since 2022, according to Dow Jones Market Data. The S&P 500 nosedived 9.08 percent over the past week, while the Dow Jones slumped 7.86 percent, with both reporting their biggest weekly losses since March 2020.美国股市也成为中国关税政策的牺牲品。道琼斯市场数据显示，纳斯达克指数周五暴跌5.8%，本周收盘跌幅超过10%，标志着美国股市自2022年以来首次进入熊市。标普500指数过去一周暴跌9.08%，道琼斯工业平均指数下跌7.86%，均创下2020年3月以来的最大单周跌幅。Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that the latest US tariff policies are "unprecedented" for this generation. Bringing harm both to the US and other economies, the chain effects are hard to predict. Under such circumstances, it is also difficult to foresee the bottom of the US economy and its capital market.中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长张斌表示，美国最新的关税政策对这一代人来说是“史无前例的”。对美国和其他经济体都造成了伤害，其连锁效应难以预测。在这种情况下，也很难预见美国经济和资本市场的底部。But most domestic and international investors still have a relatively optimistic outlook with regard to China's economic growth and its capital market. China's development of new technologies and the upgrading of its traditional industries have buoyed economic activity and facilitated the recovery of the capital market, he said.但大多数国内外投资者对中国经济增长和资本市场仍持相对乐观的态度。他说，中国新技术的发展和传统产业的升级刺激了经济活动，促进了资本市场的复苏。China has much room for more policies to expand domestic demand, facilitate industrial growth and stabilize exports. The current valuation of Chinese stocks is quite low when compared with historic levels. This indicates the greater appeal of the Chinese capital market, added Zhang.张斌补充表示，中国在扩大内需、促进工业增长和稳定出口方面还有很大的政策空间。与历史水平相比，中国股市目前的估值相当低。这表明中国资本市场的吸引力更大。In the near term, investors across the globe will lower their risk appetite and adopt a wait-and-see stance in anticipation of a recession due to the US tariffs, said Qiu Xiang, chief strategist of CITIC Securities. But A shares will show higher resilience than Hong Kong stocks or those listed on the US stock market, mainly due to the investor structure.中信证券首席策略师邱翔表示，短期内，全球投资者将降低风险偏好，采取观望态度，以应对美国关税导致的经济衰退。但由于投资者结构不同，A股市场的韧性将高于香港股市和在美上市股票。China's policies to offset the aggravated external impact may be implemented earlier or to a greater extent, he said.他表示，中国抵消外部影响加剧的政策可能会会更早出台，或力度更大。Yi Huan, chief macroeconomist at Huatai Securities, agreed that China may come up with stronger countercyclical policies, including boosting consumption and increasing government investment, as well as further energizing the capital market and the property sector.华泰证券首席宏观经济学家易欢也认为，中国可能会出台更有力的逆周期政策，包括促进消费和增加政府投资，以及进一步激发资本市场和房地产行业的活力。In a report released on Sunday, Goldman Sachs, a US investment bank, expected Chinese policymakers to accelerate fiscal easing measures to offset the drag on growth from the higher tariffs announced by the US.美国投行高盛周日发布的一份报告预计，中国决策者将加快财政宽松措施，以抵消美国宣布提高关税对经济增长的拖累。Mark Haefele, chief investment officer of UBS Global Wealth Management, said on Monday that it holds a "neutral" rating on A shares, given the negative impact of the US tariff policies and the potential retaliatory measures. Investors are advised to look for opportunities in certain State-owned enterprises and high-dividend stocks from the finance, telecommunications, public utility and energy sectors, as these can provide stable returns amid market fluctuations, he said.瑞银全球财富管理首席投资官马克·海费尔周一表示，鉴于美国关税政策和潜在报复措施的负面影响，该行对A股维持“中性”评级。他表示，建议投资者在金融、电信、公用事业和能源等行业寻找某些国有企业和高股息股票的机会，因为这些股票可以在市场波动中提供稳定的回报。In a survey released on Monday, HSBC said that 34 percent of respondents had a positive outlook on the Chinese stock market, higher than the emerging market average and 15 percentage points higher than the last survey conducted in December. The A-share market is thus rated as the top choice among all emerging markets.汇丰银行周一发布的一项调查显示，34%的受访者对中国股市持乐观态度，高于新兴市场平均水平，比去年12月进行的上一次调查高出15个百分点。A股市场因此被评为所有新兴市场中的首选。Meanwhile, these investors, mostly from financial institutions, believed that China's economic stimulus packages will help it to achieve its growth targets both in the short and long term.同时，这些多数来自金融机构的投资者认为，中国的经济刺激计划将有助于其实现短期和长期的增长目标。Murat Ulgen, HSBC's global head of emerging markets research, said that such optimism has reflected investors' confidence in a rebound in China's economic activity, expectations of further stimulus and upbeat sentiment toward the technology sector.汇丰新兴市场研究全球主管穆拉特·乌尔根表示，这种乐观情绪反映了投资者对中国经济活动反弹的信心、对进一步刺激措施的预期以及对科技行业的乐观情绪。tariff hiken.加征关税plungev. / n.骤跌，暴跌risk appetite风险偏好sell-offn.抛售（尤指因恐慌）bear market熊市（股价普遍下跌的市场）retaliatoryadj.报复性的countercyclical policies逆周期政策capital market资本市场baseline tariff基准关税emerging markets新兴市场upbeat sentiment乐观情绪market volatility市场波动wait-and-see stance观望态度

China fired off a sweeping package of robust countermeasures on Friday—including a 34 percent tariff hike and rare earth export controls—in response to the latest round of sweeping tariffs adopted by the administration of United States President Donald Trump.上周五，中国推出了一系列强有力的反制措施，包括提高34%的关税和稀土出口管制，以回应美国总统唐纳德·特朗普政府采取的最新一轮大规模关税。More forceful and precise counterstrikes are still in Beijing's pocket if Washington persists with its unilateral trade bullying, several sources confirmed to China Daily.据多位消息人士向《中国日报》证实，如果华盛顿方面继续单边贸易霸凌，北京方面仍有可能采取更强力、更精准的反击措施。As approved by the State Council, the country's Cabinet, China will impose an additional 34 percent tariff on all US-origin imports starting on April 10. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs announced immediate export restrictions on seven key medium to heavy rare earth elements, as China Daily first reported on Thursday.经国务院批准，中国将从4月10日起对所有原产于美国的进口产品征收34%的额外关税。据《中国日报》周四率先报道，商务部和海关总署同时宣布立即对七种关键的中重稀土元素实施出口限制。These elements—samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium—are crucial elements for manufacturing key products used in semiconductor, defense, aerospace and green energy.这些元素——钐、钆、铽、镝、镥、钪和钇——是制造半导体、国防、航空航天和绿色能源所用关键产品的关键元素。Citing their dual-use nature in both military and civilian industries, a spokesman for the Commerce Ministry said: "Imposing export controls on them is a common international practice. As a responsible major country, China's decision to regulate these items reflects its consistent position of firmly safeguarding world peace and regional stability."商务部发言人表示，这些元素涉及军民两用领域，“实施出口管制是国际通行做法。中国作为负责任大国，决定对这些产品实施管制，体现了坚定维护世界和平和地区稳定的一贯立场。”Other measures include filing a lawsuit with the World Trade Organization over the US' "reciprocal tariffs", launching an industry competitiveness investigation and an anti-dumping investigation regarding imported medical CT tubes from the US and India, adding 16 US entities to the export control list and 11 US companies to the unreliable entity list, and canceling import qualifications for certain US companies.其他措施还包括就美国“对等关税”向世界贸易组织提起诉讼、启动产业竞争力调查以及对原产于美国和印度的进口医用CT射线管发起反倾销调查、将16家美国实体列入出口管制名单、将11家美国公司列入不可靠实体名单、取消部分美资企业的进口资格等。Tu Xinquan, dean of the China Institute for WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said that such rapid, intensive and multi-pronged countermeasures are unprecedented in the world's history, proving that China will not sit back amid unilateral bullying tariffs.对外经济贸易大学中国世界贸易组织研究院院长屠新泉表示，如此迅速、密集、多管齐下的反制措施在世界历史上前所未有，表明中国不会坐视单边霸凌关税的威胁。"This isn't just tit-for-tat. These countermeasures, including both tariff and nontariff measures, aim to directly hit the weak spots of the US to make it feel the real pain," said Tu.“这不仅仅是针锋相对，这些包括关税和非关税措施的反制措施，都是要直击美国的薄弱环节，让其真正感受到痛点。”屠新泉说。Bai Ming, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that China, as the world's second-largest economy, has taken the lead in resisting US trade protectionism.中国商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员白明表示，中国作为世界第二大经济体，在抵制美国贸易保护主义方面走在了前列。"These countermeasures are not only to protect China's own interests, but also to safeguard the stable operation of the global trading system," he emphasized.“这些反制措施不仅是为了维护中国自身的利益，也是为了维护全球贸易体系的稳定运行。”他强调。The State Administration for Market Regulation, China's top market regulator, also announced on Friday night that it has launched an investigation into DuPont China, a subsidiary of the US company DuPont, for suspected monopolisticpractices in violation of China's Anti-Monopoly Law.中国国家市场监督管理总局周五晚间宣布，已对美国杜邦公司旗下的杜邦中国有限公司展开调查，理由是其涉嫌违反中国《反垄断法》的垄断行为。All of the moves came after China, a major trading partner of the US, was hit with a 34 percent so-called reciprocal tariff by the Trump administration on Wednesday, in addition to a 20 percent tariff imposed earlier this year.这一系列举措是在中国这一美国主要贸易伙伴遭到特朗普政府周三加征所谓34%的“对等关税”之后采取的，此前美国已在今年早些时候对中国加征了20%的关税。Further counterstrikes could include tightening export controls on more critical raw materials vital for US high-tech manufacturing, new energy transformation and defense projects, and further escalating the blocking of key technologies used in extracting and processing strategic minerals, said two sources close to the matter, who asked for anonymity.两位要求匿名的知情人士表示，进一步的反击措施可能包括加强对美国高科技制造、新能源转型和国防项目至关重要的原材料的出口管制，并进一步加大对战略矿产开采和加工关键技术的封锁。China accounts for at least 85 percent of rare earth refining, 77 percent of cobalt refining, 82 percent of tungsten production, 80 percent of antimony processing capacity, and 90 percent of the world's synthetic graphite production. These are all critical materials for defense, new energy batteries, semiconductors and advanced manufacturing.中国占全球稀土精炼产能的至少85%，钴精炼产能的77%，钨产量的82%，锑加工产能的80%，以及人造石墨产量的90%。这些都是国防、新能源电池、半导体和先进制造业的关键材料。Beyond nontariff measures, China could still adopt additional tariffs on certain US products, particularly agricultural goods. Having already imposed tariffs on key US farm products, China is weighing further increases, another source added.除了非关税措施外，中国还可能对某些美国产品，特别是农产品征收额外关税。另一位消息人士补充说，中国已经对美国主要农产品征收关税，并正在考虑进一步提高关税。Chen Wenling, former chief economist at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said, "China could follow the cases of countries like Canada and levy tariffs on US products in a high range of 250 percent to 390 percent according to different situations."中国国际经济交流中心前首席经济学家陈文玲表示：“中国可以效仿加拿大等国家的做法，根据不同情况对美国产品征收250%至390%的高额关税。”The latest tariff from the Trump administration is provoking a strong global reaction.特朗普政府的最新关税政策引发了全球强烈反应。International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva warned that the sweeping tariffs presented "a significant risk to the global outlook at a time of sluggish growth".国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃警告称，在经济增长乏力的背景下，这种大规模关税举措“给全球前景带来重大风险”。Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director-general of the World Trade Organization, expressed deep concern on Thursday over the decline in global trade and the potential for an escalating tariff war sparked by US tariff measures. Iweala said in a statement that the US tariff measures will have "substantial implications for global trade and economic growth prospects".世界贸易组织总干事恩戈齐·奥孔乔-伊维拉周四对全球贸易下滑以及美国关税措施引发关税战升级的可能性表示深切担忧。伊维拉在一份声明中表示，美国关税措施将“对全球贸易和经济增长前景产生重大影响”。Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, has said that AmCham China is not in favor of widespread tariffs, and it advocates constructive dialogue and policy predictability to reduce volatility in trade relations.中国美国商会会长迈克尔·哈特表示，中国美国商会不赞成大规模征收关税，主张建设性对话和政策可预测性，以减少贸易关系的波动。Quoting a report from the chamber that more than half of its member companies said they plan to increase investments in China this year, he said that ensuring that businesses can operate competitively and with greater certainty benefits both countries' economies and supports global economic stability.他援引商会的一份报告称，超过一半的会员公司表示计划今年增加对华投资，他说，确保企业能够更具竞争力和确定性地运营，有利于两国经济，并支持全球经济稳定。Oliver Zipse, board chairman of BMW, said: "Economic growth thrives through opening, not closing. The increase of protectionist behavior will not create winners, but will result in a situation where everyone is going to lose prosperity. At BMW, we strongly oppose tariffs or other trade barriers."宝马集团董事长奥利弗·齐普策表示：“经济增长靠的是开放，而不是封闭。保护主义行为的增加不会创造赢家，而会导致所有人都失去繁荣。宝马坚决反对关税或其他贸易壁垒。”unilateraladj.单边的multi-prongedadj.多管齐下的tit-for-tat针锋相对monopolistic practicen.垄断行为trade barrier贸易壁垒

US President Donald Trump has announced sweeping new tariffs against trade partners.The tariffs will apply to about 60 countries, marking the biggest shake-up of global trade norms since World War II.Trump argued that punitive steps would bring industry and jobs back to the United States.Can these tariffs really deliver the economic boost Trump promises, or will they end up hurting American businesses and consumers? Could this lead to a global trade war? And could this mark a turning point in the US role in the global economy?Host Zhao Ying is joined by Zhou Mi, Senior Research Fellow with Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation; Lee Pei May, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the International Islamic University Malaysia; Josef Gregory Mahoney, Professor of Politics and International Relations at East China Normal University.

The U.S. is attempting to revive its shipyards—not with innovation, but with tariffs. A hefty 1.5-million-US-dollar fee on China-made bulk ships could shake global shipping. Will it backfire on the U.S.? Can America rebuild its industry? Will business pressure sink the plan before it sets sail?Host Tu Yun joins Dr Jane Haider, a Reader in Transport, Logistics and Operations Management at Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Dr. Zhou Mi, the Deputy Director of the Institute of American and Oceania Study, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, and Dr. George Tzogopoulos, a Senior Research Fellow of the European Institute, CIFE to check out all these and more on this week's Chat Lounge.

Asian economies, with real GDP growth projected to be 4.5 percent for 2025, will continue to play a crucial role in driving global economic stability and growth, said a report released on Tuesday at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2025.周二在博鳌亚洲论坛2025年年会上发布的一份报告称，亚洲经济体2025年的实际GDP增长率预计将达到4.5%，将继续在推动全球经济稳定和增长方面发挥关键作用。The forum comes soon after the China Development Forum 2025, which ended on Monday, and gathered top government officials and business leaders from across the globe. Experts said the forums' key message is crystal clear, that Asia—spearheaded by China—is reinforcing its commitment to openness and stability, presenting a sharp contrast to the rising economic isolation featured by the United States'arbitrary sanctions and tariffs.此次论坛紧随周一闭幕的中国发展高层论坛2025年年会之后召开，汇集了来自世界各地的政府高官和商界领袖。专家表示，这两大论坛的关键信息非常明确，即以中国为首的亚洲正坚定推动开放和稳定，这与美国任意制裁和关税导致的经济孤立形成鲜明对比。The "Asian Economic Outlook and Integration Progress Annual Report 2025", which was released on Tuesday, forecast that the share of Asian economies' GDP in the world economy will rise from 36.1 percent in 2024 to 36.4 percent in 2025. In terms of purchasing power parity, a metric comparing economic productivity and standards of living between countries, Asia's share of the global economy is projected to rise from 48.1 percent to 48.6 percent this year.周二发布的《亚洲经济前景及一体化进程2025年度报告》预测，亚洲经济体GDP占世界经济的比重将从2024年的36.1%上升到2025年的36.4%。按照购买力平价（衡量各国经济生产率和生活水平的指标）计算，今年亚洲在全球经济中的比重预计将从48.1%上升到48.6%。Economies including China, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Mongolia, Cambodia and Indonesia are expected to maintain a high growth rate of over 5 percent this year, the report said.报告指出，中国、印度、越南、菲律宾、蒙古、柬埔寨和印度尼西亚等经济体今年有望保持5%以上的高增长率。Zhang Yuyan, a renowned economist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "Such an economic performance means that Asia, as a key driver of the world economy, is set to benefit from global economic stabilization in 2025 and will also play a crucial role in contributing to this stability."著名经济学家、中国社会科学院学部委员张宇燕表示：“这样的经济表现意味着，作为全球经济的重要引擎，亚洲将在2025年受益于全球经济的稳定，并在其中发挥关键作用。”The report also said that despite economic uncertainties, including monetary policy shifts in major economies such as the US and the European Union, andgeopolitical tensions, most Asian stock markets are expected to maintain an upward trend this year.报告还指出，尽管面临包括美国和欧盟主要经济体货币政策调整及地缘政治紧张局势等不确定因素，但大多数亚洲股市今年预计仍将保持上行趋势。Amid such growth, China remains the region's most attractive destination for foreign investors. China's vibrant innovation in fields such as artificial intelligence, reflected by DeepSeek, has reinforced its status as asafe haven for entrepreneurship in a world where US sanctions pose increasing risks.在这样的增长态势下，中国依然是该地区最具吸引力的外资目的地。DeepSeek所反映的中国在人工智能等领域的蓬勃创新，巩固了其在美国制裁风险日益增加的世界中作为创业“避风港”的地位。Zhou Xiaochuan, a former governor of the People's Bank of China, said at the conference: "China is responding to global demands with responsibility and courage, continuing to provide stability and certainty to the world. As the year 2025 marks the conclusion of China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), China will further deepen comprehensive reforms and expand high-level opening-up.中国人民银行前行长周小川在会议上表示：“中国正以责任和勇气回应全球需求，持续为世界提供稳定性和确定性。是中国‘十四五'规划（2021—2025年）的收官之年，中国将进一步深化全面改革，扩大高水平对外开放。”"China will adopt a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately accommodative monetary policy, boost consumption, enhance investment efficiency and expand domestic demand across all sectors," he said.他说：“中国将采取更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，促进消费，提高投资效率，扩大各领域内需。”Notably, the report highlighted that the trade war, which was initiated by the US in 2018, has not improved the US' standing in global manufacturing value chains. Instead, the gap between China and the US in this sector has widened.值得注意的是，报告强调，美国自2018年发起的贸易战并未提升其在全球制造业价值链中的地位，反而加大了中美在该领域的差距。Global intermediate goods trade has become more dependent on China than on North America. In 2023, the dependency on China stood at 16 percent, compared with 15 percent for North America, the report said.全球中间产品贸易对中国的依赖程度已经超过对北美的依赖程度。报告指出，全球对中国的依赖度为16%，而对北美的依赖度为15%。Lin Guijun, former vice-president of the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said: "The latest US tariffs have an impact on all major trade partners, not just China. Other nations are reacting in a fragmented and weak manner, lacking coordinated responses."北京对外经济贸易大学原副校长林桂军表示：“美国最新的关税政策影响的不仅是中国，而是所有主要贸易伙伴。其他国家的反应零散而薄弱，缺乏协调一致的应对措施。”Zhang, from the CASS, said: "While international cooperation once aimed at mutual benefit, many nations have shifted toward azero-sum game, and with the US' new trade measures, the situation has now worsened to anegative-sum game, where countries accept their own losses as long as their rivals suffer even more."中国社会科学院的张宇燕表示：“国际合作本应以互惠共赢为目标，但许多国家如今正转向零和博弈。随着美国出台新的贸易措施，情况进一步恶化，演变成负和博弈——即各国宁愿自身受损，也要让竞争对手遭受更大损失。”"But the world needs a more open economy based on cooperation and shared prosperity. True success comes not just from personal gain but from lifting others up as well," he said.“但世界需要一个基于合作和共同繁荣的更加开放的经济。真正的成功不仅在于自身获益，还在于能够带动他人共同发展。”他说。With the theme of "Asia in the Changing World: Towards a Shared Future", the four-day event has attracted nearly 2,000 participants from more than 60 countries and regions, according to the forum's organizing committee.据论坛组委会介绍，本届论坛的主题为“变局中的亚洲：迈向共同未来 ”，为期四天，吸引了来自60多个国家和地区的近2000名与会者。。Claus Rettig, president of German specialty chemicals giant Evonik Asia Pacific, who is attending this year's forum, said: "We have unwavering confidence in China's growth. The Asia-Pacific region is one of Evonik's fastest-expanding markets, and China sits at its core with the largest market share.德国特种化学品巨头赢创亚太区总裁克劳斯·雷蒂格在本届论坛上表示：“我们对中国的增长前景充满信心。亚太地区是赢创增长最快的市场之一，而中国是其核心，拥有最大的市场份额。”"China is the world's top chemical market, backed by a robustinfrastructure and a deeply integrated supply chain," he added. "We see China's economic strength as a solid foundation for growth and remain committed to expanding our investment here."“作为全球最大的化工市场，中国拥有坚实的基础设施和高度一体化的供应链。”他补充道，“我们认为中国的经济实力是增长的坚实基础，并将继续扩大在华投资。”Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2025.博鳌亚洲论坛2025年会spearheadv.带头sanctionsn.制裁tariffn.关税geopolitical tensions地缘政治紧张a safe haven避风港zero-sum game零和博弈negative-sum game负和博弈

China's latest commitment to advancing cutting-edge technologies — including quantum computing, artificial intelligence and 6G — will solidify its position as a global leader in innovation, and the strategic push will enable the country to navigate global uncertainties while sustaining its competitive advantage, experts and business executives said.专家和企业高管们表示，中国最近致力于推动包括量子计算、人工智能和6G等前沿技术的发展，这将巩固中国作为全球创新领导者的地位，而这一战略推动将使中国能够在保持竞争优势的同时应对全球的不确定性。Underscoring the importance of securing technological breakthroughs and efficiently commercializing them, they said that China's push for new quality productive forces will create vast opportunities for domestic and international businesses.他们强调了确保技术突破并将其有效商业化的重要性，并表示中国对新的优质生产力的推动将为国内外企业创造大量机会。Their comments follow President Xi Jinping's remark that technological innovation and industrial innovation constitute the fundamental pathways for developing new quality productive forces.习近平主席曾指出，技术创新和产业创新是发展高质量新生产力的根本途径。Xi made the remark when participating in a deliberation in Beijing on March 5 with his fellow deputies from Jiangsu province during the third session of the 14th National People's Congress, China's top legislature.3月5日，在中国最高立法机构--第十四届全国人民代表大会第三次会议期间，习近平在北京与江苏省人大代表一起参加审议时说了这番话。China's 2025 Government Work Report also said the nation "will establish a mechanism to increase funding for industries of the future and foster industries such as biomanufacturing, quantum technology, embodied AI and 6G technology".中国《2025年政府工作报告》也表示，中国 “将建立未来产业资金投入增长机制，培育生物制造、量子技术、人工智能、6G技术等产业”。Wang Yiming, vice-chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said, "China's economy has entered a critical period of transitioning between old and new growth drivers."中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣表示，“中国经济已进入新旧增长动力转换的关键时期”。He said future-oriented technologies are not only at the forefront of innovation, but are also strategic pillars for reshaping industrial competition and boosting productivity."他说，面向未来的技术不仅是创新的前沿，也是重塑产业竞争格局、提升生产力的战略支柱。Their significance lies in both upgrading traditional industries and securing a leading position in emerging sectors," Wang said.它们的意义在于既能提升传统产业，又能确保在新兴产业中的领先地位。Guo Guoping, deputy director of the Key Lab of Quantum Information at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said he was deeply impressed by China's support for quantum technology.中国科学院量子信息重点实验室副主任郭国平说，中国对量子技术的支持给他留下了深刻印象。He compared quantum technology to an aircraft, with quantum computing serving as its "engine", providing exponential computational power for fields such as national defense, biomedicine, energy materials and AI.他把量子技术比作一架飞机，量子计算是飞机的“发动机”，为国防、生物医药、能源材料和人工智能等领域提供指数级计算能力。"Quantum computing is transitioning from the lab to industrialization. China has become the third country in the world capable of delivering quantum computers, after Canada and the United States, positioning China in the global first tier of quantum research. But challenges remain in some areas," Guo said."量子计算正在从实验室向产业化过渡。中国已成为继加拿大和美国之后，世界上第三个能够提供量子计算机的国家，跻身全球量子研究第一梯队。但在某些领域仍存在挑战，"郭说。He stressed the need for increased investment in basic research and advocated leveraging China's unique advantages in mobilizing resources to tackle core technological challenges.他强调了增加基础研究投入的必要性，并主张发挥中国在调动资源应对核心技术挑战方面的独特优势。China's research and development spending climbed to 3.6 trillion yuan ($497 billion) in 2024, an 8 percent year-on-year increase, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. Of this total, funding allocated to basic research accounted for 6.91 percent of the R&D budget, underscoring heightened investment in foundational scientific exploration.根据国家统计局的数据，到2024年，中国的研发支出将攀升至3.6万亿元（约合4,970亿美元），同比增长8%。其中，分配给基础研究的资金占研发预算的6.91%，凸显了对基础科学探索的投资力度加大。Meanwhile, more than 570 Chinese industrial companies have made it to the global top 2,500 companies in terms of R&D investment, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.与此同时，根据工业和信息化部的数据，已有超过570家中国工业企业进入全球研发投入前2500强。Xu Lijin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the nation's top political advisory body, and chairman of Wuhu Robot Industry Development Group, said that embodied AI, as highlighted in the Government Work Report, refers to AI that is integrated into physical hardware such as robots. It represents a significant leap in intelligent systems capable of interacting with and adapting to their environments.全国政协委员、芜湖机器人产业发展集团董事长徐立金表示，《政府工作报告》中强调的“嵌入式人工智能 ”是指将人工智能集成到机器人等物理硬件中。它代表着能够与环境交互并适应环境的智能系统的重大飞跃。"Robotics and AI are dual engines driving economic and social development in the era of global digital transformation," Xu said"机器人和人工智能是全球数字化转型时代推动经济社会发展的双引擎。"他说Qiao Hong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "Over the past three years, China has accounted for more than half of the global installation of industrial robots, and its lunar exploration robots have successfully returned lunar soil samples."中国科学院院士乔红说："近三年来，中国工业机器人的安装量已占全球一半以上，中国的探月机器人已成功返回月球土壤样本。However, challenges remain. For instance, high-end sensors like precision lidar, short for light detection and ranging, still rely on imports, and domestic alternatives lag in accuracy and stability, experts added.然而，挑战依然存在。专家补充说，例如，像精密激光雷达（光探测和测距的简称）这样的高端传感器仍然依赖进口，而国产替代品在精度和稳定性方面都比较落后。Zhang Li, president of the China Center for Information Industry Development, said: "Leveraging its robust and comprehensive industrial ecosystem, China creates expansive real-world testing grounds and vast market opportunities for technological innovation. This infrastructure not only accelerates the development of emerging industries, but also provides a resilient foundation for nurturing future-oriented sectors poised to redefine global markets."中国信息产业发展研究中心主任张莉说："中国凭借其强大而全面的产业生态系统，为技术创新创造了广阔的现实世界试验场和巨大的市场机遇。这种基础设施不仅加快了新兴产业的发展，也为培育未来导向型行业奠定了坚实的基础，这些行业将重新定义全球市场。As the world's largest manufacturing country, China ranks first globally in terms of output for more than 40 percent of the world's 500 major industrial products, data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed.工业和信息化部的数据显示，作为世界上最大的制造业国家，在世界500种主要工业产品中，中国有40%以上的产品产量位居全球第一。Industrial innovation must remain rooted in the real economy, Zhang said, noting that China's economy "has historically relied on the real economy, and it is through this foundation that it will continue to progress".张说，产业创新必须始终植根于实体经济，她指出，中国经济“历来依靠实体经济，正是通过这一基础，中国经济才会不断进步”。Ding Haiyu, deputy head of the China Mobile Research Institute, said that 6G "has entered its tech standardization phase this year, as we aim to commercialize the technology around 2030. AI-powered 6G will unlock significant opportunities".中国移动研究院副院长丁海玉说，6G "今年已进入技术标准化阶段，我们的目标是在2030年左右实现技术商用。人工智能驱动的6G将带来重大机遇"。Zheng Yongnian, dean of the School of Public Policy at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), said, "To cultivate new quality productive forces, a country should prioritize three foundational pillars — advancing fundamental scientific research, bridging the gap between theoretical discoveries and applied technological solutions, and fostering a financial ecosystem capable of sustaining innovation-driven growth."香港中文大学（深圳）公共政策学院院长郑永年说：“一个国家要培育新的优质生产力，应优先考虑三大基础支柱--推进基础科学研究、弥合理论发现与应用技术解决方案之间的差距，以及培育能够维持创新驱动增长的金融生态系统。”"Expanding institutional opening-up is the strategic guarantee for nurturing new quality productive forces," Zheng said."扩大制度性开放是培育新的优质生产力的战略保障。”他说David Poon, president of Infineon Technologies Greater China, said China's focus on green, low-carbon and high-quality development aligns with the German chip maker's strengths and opens new growth opportunities.英飞凌科技大中华区总裁表示，中国注重绿色、低碳和高质量发展，这与这家德国芯片制造商的优势不谋而合，并带来了新的发展机遇。"With our 'In China, For China' strategy, we plan to increase local production of general-purpose semiconductors to address customer needs regarding supply resilience," Poon said.他说：”根据我们的'在中国，为中国'战略，我们计划增加通用半导体的本地化生产，以满足客户对供应弹性的需求。navigatevt.航行于；驾驶，操纵；使通过vi.航行，航空aircraftn. 飞机，航空器quantumn. 量子定量;总量semiconductorn.〈物〉半导体

As the resumption of the leaders' meeting among China, Japan and South Korea last year has created momentum for renewed exchanges, Secretary-General of the Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat Lee Hee-sup said that more high-level interactions are underway, with a foreign ministers' meeting expected to take place in the near future. 中日韩三国领导人会议于去年重启，为新一轮交流注入动力。三国合作秘书处秘书长李熙燮表示，更多高层互动正在进行中，三方外长会议有望于近期举行。 The governments of the three Asian neighbors, with Japan as this year's chair, are maintaining close communication on affairs related to the foreign ministers' meeting as well as a leaders' meeting, and the secretariat is making every effort to ensure the success of the gatherings, Lee told China Daily. 李熙燮向《中国日报》表示，作为今年轮值主席国的日本正与中韩两国政府就外长会议及领导人会议相关事务保持密切沟通，秘书处正全力确保会议成功举办。 After a gap of more than four years, the 9th Trilateral Summit was held in Seoul last year, during which the three leaders agreed to strive to institutionalize trilateral cooperation by holding the trilateral summit and ministerial meetings on a regular basis. 时隔四年多，第九次中日韩领导人会议于去年在首尔举行。三国领导人一致同意通过定期举行领导人会议及部长级会议，推动三方合作机制化。 Since then, various ministerial-level meetings and government mechanisms have been actively operating, and diverse cooperation projects have regained momentum, Lee said. 李熙燮称，此后，三方各类部长级会议和政府机制积极运转，多项合作项目也重拾发展势头。 There are 21 ministerial-level meetings, over 70 intergovernmental mechanisms and more than 100 cooperative projects under trilateral cooperation. 目前，三国合作框架下共有21个部长级会议、70余个政府间机制及100多个合作项目。 "Trilateral cooperation is now at a turning point where it must shift from quantitative growth to qualitative development," Lee said. 李熙燮表示：“三国合作正处于从‘量的增长'转向‘质的提升'的关键转折点。” To achieve this qualitative leap forward with new vision and dynamism, it is crucial to build up momentum and potential for cooperation based on mutual trust, he added. 他补充道，为实现这一质的飞跃，需以新视野和新动能夯实合作基础，在相互信任中积蓄合作势能。 Lee emphasized that chronic differences such as historical issues and territorial disputes, which are difficult to resolve, should be managed prudently rather than rushed for immediate solutions. 李熙燮强调，对于历史问题和领土争端等难以解决的长期分歧，应谨慎管控而非急于求成。 The three countries have been operating bilateral mechanisms and carrying out strategic dialogues to address those differences, he said. 他表示，三国已通过双边机制和战略对话应对这些分歧。 More important, he said that the peoples of the three countries must frequently meet face-to-face to build mutual understanding and trust while expanding areas of cooperation. 更重要的是，三国人民需通过面对面交流增进理解与信任，同时拓展合作领域。 "This requires deepening people-to-people exchanges and advancing cooperation in practical areas closely related to daily life, such as the environment, disaster management, public health and aging populations," he said, adding that these areas are less affected by political factors and are those in which achievements can steadily be made. “这需要深化人文交流，推进环境、灾害管理、公共卫生、人口老龄化等与民生密切相关的务实合作。”他指出，这些领域受政治因素影响较小，且能稳步取得成果。 In addition, by investing more positive energy in soft issues such as youth and cultural exchanges and interregional cooperation, the three countries are enhancing mutual understanding and trust among their peoples while steadily working for tangible outcomes, he said. 他还表示，三国通过加大对青年文化交流、区域合作等“软议题”的投入，既增进民间互信，又稳步推动务实成果。 The three nations agreed in May last year to designate 2025-26 as the China-Japan-South Korea Cultural Exchange Year. 去年5月，三国一致同意将2025至2026年定为“中日韩文化交流年”。 According to Lee, starting with the opening ceremony in April, various trilateral exchange events will be held, including the Culture Cities of East Asia project, the Trilateral Arts Festival and the Trilateral Cultural Content Industry Forum. 李熙燮称，从今年4月的开幕式开始，三国将举办“东亚文化之都”、中日韩艺术节、中日韩文化产业论坛等一系列交流活动。 "Cultural and people-to-people exchanges among China, Japan and South Korea, based on their cultural commonalities, are essential for sustainable peace and common prosperity," he said. 他表示：“中日韩三国基于文化共性开展的人文交流，对实现可持续和平与共同繁荣至关重要。” As the three leaders agreed to maintain discussions on speeding up negotiations for a trilateral free-trade agreement, Lee said the negotiations will not only help identify areas of competition and areas of cooperation, allowing for more efficient collaboration, but also serve as a catalyst for upgrading the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which forms the foundation for the trilateral FTA. 三国领导人同意继续探讨加快中日韩自贸协定谈判。李熙燮指出，该谈判不仅有助于厘清竞争与合作领域、提升协作效率，还将推动作为三国自贸协定基础的《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）升级。 China has been the largest trading partner of Japan and South Korea for years, while those two nations have been among the top four trading partners of China. 中国多年来是日韩最大贸易伙伴，日韩则长期位列中国前四大贸易伙伴。 Statistics show that the three countries account for over 20 percent of the world's gross domestic product and over 18 percent of global trade. 统计数据显示，三国GDP总量占全球20%以上，贸易额占全球18%以上。 Lyu Yaodong, a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Japanese Studies, said that cooperation among the three countries must be future-oriented, and the common interests of the region should be prioritized. 中国社会科学院日本研究所研究员吕耀东表示，三国合作需立足未来，优先考虑地区共同利益。 This not only contributes to the well-being of the people of the three nations, but also to regional and global peace, stability and prosperity, he said. 他认为，这不仅有利于三国人民福祉，也将为地区乃至全球的和平、稳定与繁荣作出贡献。

Chinese telecom companies are scrambling to deepen the research and development of 6G, as the world enters a crucial window of opportunity to identify potential technologies and formulate key standards for the next-generation wireless technology. 中国电信企业正争相深化6G研发。当前，全球正处于识别潜在技术、制定下一代无线通信关键标准的关键机遇期。 Amid the enthusiasm, 6G was highlighted in the Government Work Report for the first time this year. The report, delivered last week in Beijing at the opening meeting of the third session of the 14th National People's Congress, China's top legislature, said, "We will establish a mechanism to increase funding for industries of the future and foster industries such as biomanufacturing, quantum technology, embodied AI and 6G technology." 在各界热情推动下，6G今年首次被写入政府工作报告。这份报告于上周在北京举行的十四届全国人大三次会议开幕会上发布。报告称：“我们将建立未来产业协同发展机制，加大对生物制造、量子技术、具身智能、6G技术等领域的支持力度。” While there is still no universally accepted definition of the technology, 6G is expected to have far lower latency, higher speeds and more bandwidth than 5G. More important, 6G will be able to support the integration of space, air, terrestrial and maritime communication technologies, experts said. 尽管目前尚未形成6G的统一定义，但专家预计，6G的延迟将远低于5G，速度更快、带宽更大。更重要的是，6G将支持空、天、地、海通信技术的一体化融合。 China is aiming to commercialize 6G by around 2030. 中国计划于2030年左右实现6G商用。 Li Lecheng, Party secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said on Wednesday that more efforts are needed to accelerate the research and development of 6G technology and expand the large-scale application of 5G. 工业和信息化部党组书记金壮龙周三表示，需进一步加快6G技术研发，并扩大5G的大规模应用。 Zhang Chengliang, president of the China Telecom Research Institute, said, "It is of crucial importance for telecom carriers to pounce at the new opportunities of artificial intelligence and 6G to build a sound digital information infrastructure." 中国电信研究院院长张成良表示：“电信运营商必须抓住人工智能与6G的新机遇，构建完善的数字信息基础设施。” A subsidiary of China Telecom recently obtained a national invention patent for a key 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology, laying a core technical foundation for building a fully connected "space-air-ground-sea" network in the future. 中国电信旗下一子公司近期获得一项6G星地融合技术国家发明专利，为未来构建“空天地海”一体化网络奠定了核心技术基础。 To promote satellite-terrestrial integration, China Telecom is leading the national "6G Satellite Communication Access and Networking Technology" project, proposing an approach that leverages ground network technology to drive the development of satellite communications. 为推进星地融合，中国电信牵头国家“6G卫星通信接入与组网技术”项目，提出以地面网络技术驱动卫星通信发展的路径。 Wang Zhiqin, head of the IMT-2030 (6G) Promotion Group, a government-affiliated flagship platform for promoting 6G and international cooperation in China, said the research for 6G technical standards will begin in June this year, with the technical research phase to be completed by 2027. The first version of the technical specifications for 6G technology standards is expected to be finalized by March 2029. IMT-2030（6G）推进组组长王志勤表示，6G技术标准研究将于今年6月启动，技术研究阶段计划2027年完成，首版6G技术标准预计于2029年3月定稿。 Li Fuchang, director of the wireless technology research center at the China Unicom Research Institute, said about 70 percent of the technologies used in 5G and 6G overlap. In light of this, China Unicom has proposed an integrated approach to advancing both 5G and 6G, driven by demand to guide 6G research and development. 中国联通研究院无线技术研究中心主任李福昌表示，5G与6G的技术重叠率约70%。基于此，中国联通提出以需求为导向，推动5G与6G协同发展的融合路径。 To stay ahead in the 6G race, China Unicom has established a corporate 6G working group to strategically plan the 6G technology system. The company is coordinating efforts to promote integrated research on 5G advanced technology and 6G, systematically advancing studies on 6G vision, application scenarios, network architecture, key technologies, application ecosystems and demonstration projects. 为在6G竞争中保持领先，中国联通成立企业级6G工作组，统筹规划6G技术体系，并协调推进5G-A与6G融合研究，系统性开展6G愿景、应用场景、网络架构、关键技术、应用生态及示范项目攻关。 Wen Ku, chairman of the China Communications Standards Association, said, "The European Union, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions have all initiated research on 6G, and China has unique strengths." 中国通信标准化协会理事长闻库表示：“欧盟、美国、日本、韩国等国家和地区均已启动6G研究，而中国具备独特优势。” China has made remarkable strides in 5G infrastructure, which gives it an unparalleled edge in exploring 6G technology, he said. 他指出，中国在5G基础设施领域取得显著进展，这为探索6G技术提供了无可比拟的优势。 "Advancing the use of 5G is like building a good bridge and road for 6G, and efforts to promote the large-scale application of 5G will lay a solid foundation for 6G development, which is still in the early stage," Wen said. “推进5G应用就像为6G搭建桥梁和道路，推动5G大规模应用将为尚处初期的6G发展奠定坚实基础。”闻库说。 In July last year, a group of Chinese telecom engineers announced that they had established the world's first field test 6G network integrating communications and AI. 去年7月，中国一批电信工程师宣布建成全球首个集成通信与人工智能的6G外场测试网络。 The experimental network has achieved remarkable improvements in key communication metrics, including capacity, coverage and efficiency, according to Zhang Ping, a Chinese Academy of Engineering academician and a professor at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 中国工程院院士、北京邮电大学教授张平表示，该实验网络在容量、覆盖和效率等关键通信指标上实现显著提升。 The network serves as a platform for institutions that are conducting theoretical research and initial verification of 6G pivotal technologies, and it effectively lowers the entry threshold for 6G research, making it more accessible for innovation, according to the team of engineers. 研发团队称，该网络为6G关键技术理论研究和初步验证提供了平台，有效降低了6G研究门槛，推动更多创新参与。legislaturen. 立法机关；立法机构subsidiaryadj.附带的,附属的,次要的n.附属事物,附属机构,子公司demonstrationn. 表明;证明;示范thresholdn.门槛;〈喻〉开始

China has largely scaled up its fiscal firepower toward consumption-boosting initiatives — a top priority on the country's policy agenda for the year ahead — in order to offset sluggish homebuying appetites and possible shocks to overseas demand, analysts said.分析人士称，中国已大幅加大财政力度推动刺激消费的举措，这是未来一年中国政策议程上的首要任务，目的是抵消购房需求低迷以及海外需求可能受到的冲击。Along with a consumer goods trade-in program, policymakers will also increase fiscal spending on public services to alleviate financial burdens on households and empower them with greater purchasing power, thus creating necessary conditions for consumption-led growth, they added.他们还表示，除了实施消费品以旧换新计划外，政策制定者还将增加公共服务方面的财政支出，以减轻家庭的经济负担，并增强他们的购买力，从而为消费引领的增长创造必要条件。China announced last week in its Government Work Report that it would double ultra-long term special treasury bonds earmarked for its consumer goods trade-in program to 300 billion yuan ($41.39 billion) this year, which was within market expectations.中国上周在政府工作报告中宣布，今年将用于消费品以旧换新计划的超长期特别国债规模翻倍至 3000 亿元人民币（413.9 亿美元），这在市场预期之内。The incentives, an expansion from last year's 150 billion yuan program launched in March 2024, will cover 15-20 percent of the purchase price for a wider range of select products, including mid-range smartphones, home appliances and new energy vehicles.这些激励措施是在 2024 年 3 月启动的 1500 亿元计划基础上的扩展，将涵盖更多选定产品购买价格的 15% 至 20%，包括中高端智能手机、家用电器和新能源汽车。In early January, the Ministry of Finance had already front-loaded 81 billion yuan in fiscal funding for this year's trade-in program.今年 1 月初，财政部已经提前拨付了 810 亿元财政资金用于今年的以旧换新计划。Chen Changsheng, deputy director of the Research Office of the State Council, the country's Cabinet, said, "China faces rising external uncertainty and subdued domestic demand, particularly in the tepid consumption sector."国务院研究室副主任陈昌盛表示：“中国面临着外部不确定性上升以及国内需求疲软的状况，尤其是在不温不火的消费领域。”The current macroeconomic environment calls for a more robust policy response to address the challenge of insufficient overall demand, with consumption being a key concern, Chen said.陈昌盛称，当前的宏观经济环境需要更有力的政策应对措施，以应对总需求不足的挑战，而消费是一个关键问题。"The expanded bond issuance and enhanced trade-in incentives will provide a much-needed boost to consumption and help drive a moderate rebound in inflation," said Wang Qing, chief macroeconomic analyst at Golden Credit Rating International.金诚国际信用评级首席宏观经济分析师王青表示：“扩大的债券发行规模和增强的以旧换新激励措施将为消费提供急需的提振，并有助于推动通胀适度回升。”These supportive policies could help propel the year-on-year growth of total retail sales of consumer goods from 3.5 percent in 2024 to around 5.5 percent this year, Wang said, adding, "We cannot rule out the possibility of further intensification of fiscal policies to boost consumption in the coming period."王青称，这些支持性政策有望推动社会消费品零售总额同比增速从 2024 年的 3.5% 提升至今年的 5.5% 左右。他还补充道：“我们不能排除在未来一段时间内进一步加大财政政策力度以刺激消费的可能性。”Minister of Finance Lan Fo'an said at a news conference on Thursday, "China has sufficient fiscal policy tools and ample flexibility to effectively respond to potential domestic and external uncertainties."财政部部长蓝佛安周四在新闻发布会上表示：“中国拥有充足的财政政策工具和较大的政策灵活性，能够有效应对潜在的国内外不确定性。”Data from the Ministry of Commerce showed on Thursday that, as of March 5, the government had received over 700,000 applications for vehicle replacements.商务部周四公布的数据显示，截至 3 月 5 日，政府已收到超过 70 万份汽车以旧换新申请。Meanwhile, over 9.4 million consumers had purchased over 12 million units of home appliances under the trade-in program, while 34 million consumers had applied for subsidies on over 42 million digital products, including smartphones, according to the ministry.与此同时，商务部的数据显示，已有超过 940 万消费者通过以旧换新计划购买了超过 1200 万台家用电器，3400 万消费者申请了包括智能手机在内的超过 4200 万件数码产品的补贴。"We believe that domestic consumption in China will gradually recover," said Kelly Zhang, general manager of Bimbo China, adding that the country's efforts to stimulate domestic consumption began to show positive results from the end of last year.宾堡中国总经理张莉表示：“我们相信中国的国内消费将逐步复苏。” 她还补充说，中国刺激国内消费的努力从去年年底开始已经显现出积极成效。This will give Grupo Bimbo, a Mexican multinational food company, confidence to deepen its investment in China, helping speed up geographic and category expansion in the market, Zhang said.张莉称，这将让墨西哥跨国食品公司宾堡集团有信心深化在中国的投资，有助于加快其在中国市场的地域和品类扩张。"With its 1.4 billion population, China's market presents unparalleled potential for bakery industry growth."“中国拥有 14 亿人口，其市场为烘焙行业的发展提供了无与伦比的潜力。”China's policymakers are not only focused on stimulating short-term consumption through the trade-in program, but also increasing fiscal spending in areas such as eldercare, healthcare, employment and education to provide a solid foundation for transitioning to a consumption-driven economic model, said Yang Zhiyong, president of the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences.中国财政科学研究院院长杨志勇表示，中国的政策制定者不仅专注于通过以旧换新计划刺激短期消费，还在加大在养老、医疗、就业和教育等领域的财政支出，为向消费驱动型经济模式转型奠定坚实基础。"More funds and resources will be used to serve the people and meet their needs. This will help create more jobs, increase people's incomes and reduce their burdens, and provide more incentives to stimulate consumption," Yang said, citing the Government Work Report.杨志勇援引政府工作报告称：“更多的资金和资源将用于服务人民、满足人民需求。这将有助于创造更多就业机会、增加人民收入、减轻人民负担，并提供更多刺激消费的激励措施。”"China has been allocating over 70 percent of its fiscal expenditure to public service sectors directly impacting people's livelihoods over the past few years. This year, China has increased its fiscal deficit to GDP ratio to 4 percent, the highest on record, allowing for a significant expansion in government spending on public services. This will alleviate the financial strain on households, which in turn boosts their overall purchasing power over the long run," Yang said.杨志勇称：“在过去几年里，中国一直将超过 70% 的财政支出用于直接关系民生的公共服务领域。今年，中国将财政赤字占国内生产总值的比例提高到 4%，创历史新高，这使得政府在公共服务方面的支出能够大幅增加。这将减轻家庭的经济压力，从长远来看，进而提升他们的整体购买力。”consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n. 消费trade-in [ˈtreɪd ɪn] n. 以旧换新fiscal [ˈfɪskl] adj. 财政的purchasing power [ˈpɜːtʃəsɪŋ ˈpaʊə(r)] 购买力 、分享

China's emphasis on developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions and accelerating the establishment of a modern industrial system will provide strong momentum for long-term economic growth while enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of its industrial and supply chains, national legislators, political advisers and experts said.全国立法委员、政治顾问和专家表示，中国强调因地制宜发展新质生产力，加快建立现代产业体系，为长期经济增长提供强劲动力，同时增强产业链和供应链弹力和竞争力。They called for efforts to boost enterprises' independent innovation capabilities, achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and drive industrial upgrades by integrating cutting-edge digital technologies with the real economy.他们呼吁努力提升企业的自主创新能力，实现关键领域核心技术的突破，并通过前沿数字技术与实体经济的融合带动产业升级。Their comments followed the release of this year' s Government Work Report, which states that China will pursue integrated advancements in technological and industrial innovation, push forward new industrialization, and expand and strengthen advanced manufacturing to foster new growth drivers and upgrade traditional ones.今年的《政府工作报告》指出，中国将统筹推进科技创新和产业创新，推进新型工业化，做大做强先进制造业，培育新的增长动力，改造提升传统产业。“The cultivation of new quality productive forces is a key focus in promoting high-quality economic growth and a strategic choice in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,” said Zhou Yunjie, a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress and chairman and CEO of Chinese home appliance manufacturer Haier Group.第十四届全国人大代表、中国家电制造商海尔集团董事局主席兼首席执行官周云杰表示：“培育新质生产力是推动经济高质量增长的重点，也是新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略选择。”Zhou said the industrial internet, as a new type of infrastructure, has played a pivotal role in driving the development of new quality productive forces, advancing new industrialization and accelerating the digital transformation and upgrading of enterprises.他表示，工业互联网作为一种新型基础设施，在推动新质生产力发展、推进新型工业化、加快企业数字化转型升级等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。As China strives to become a manufacturing powerhouse, more efforts are needed to promote the innovative application of the industrial internet and fully unlock the value of massive data resources, Zhou said.中国正努力成为制造强国，需要加大力度推动工业互联网的创新应用，充分释放海量数据资源的价值。He added that Haier will continue to pursue technological innovation and integrate artificial intelligence technology with the manufacturing sector.他还表示，海尔将继续追求技术创新，将人工智能技术与制造业相结合。Cao Peng, a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of e-commerce giant JD's technology committee, said, “Scientific and technological innovation is the core element for nurturing new quality productive forces, while digital technologies represented by AI have become an important engine driving their development.”第十四届全国政协委员、电商巨头京东集团技术委员会主席曹鹏说：“科技创新是培育新质生产力的核心要素，而以人工智能为代表的数字技术已成为推动其发展的重要引擎。”He called for accelerating the construction of computing power infrastructure to expand the application of large language models across more fields and lower computing costs for enterprises, particularly small and medium-sized ones.他呼吁加快计算能力基础设施建设，将大语言模型的应用扩展到更多领域，降低企业尤其是中小企业的计算成本。Luo Zhongwei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Industrial Economics, said, “Fostering new growth drivers and upgrading traditional industries by leveraging cutting-edge digital technologies such as AI, 5G and big data have been high on China's development agenda.”中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究员罗仲伟说：“借助人工智能、5G、大数据等前沿数字技术，培育新的增长动力，改造提升传统产业，一直是中国发展的重要议程。”Luo said China has sent a clear signal that it will further implement an innovation-driven development strategy to shift from old growth drivers to new ones. He emphasized the importance of developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions and avoiding blind investments in specific fields.他提到，中国已发出明确信号，将进一步实施创新驱动发展战略，从旧的增长动力转向新的增长动力。他强调，必须因地制宜发展新质生产力，避免在特定领域盲目投资。China's move to accelerate the building of a modern industrial system will support the intelligent, high-end and green transformation of traditional industries, consolidate economic recovery and bolster the country's ability to navigate external challenges and uncertainties, Luo said.他还表示，中国加快构建现代产业体系，将支持传统产业向智能化、高端化、绿色化转型，巩固经济复苏态势，增强中国应对外部挑战和不确定性的能力。The Government Work Report also said China will promote the integrated and clustered development of strategic emerging industries, establish a mechanism to increase funding for industries of the future and foster sectors such as biomanufacturing, quantum technology, embodied AI and 6G technology.《政府工作报告》还指出，中国将推动战略性新兴产业融合集聚发展，建立未来产业资金投入增长机制，培育生物制造、量子技术、人工智能、6G技术等领域。Dong Mingzhu, a deputy to the 14th NPC and chairwoman of Gree Electric Appliances, said manufacturing enterprises must strengthen their independent innovation capacities in cutting-edge technologies and continuously improve the quality of products and services to foster new quality productive forces.第十四届全国人大代表、格力电器董事长董明珠表示，制造业企业必须加强前沿技术的自主创新能力，不断提高产品和服务质量，培育新质生产力。Li Dongsheng, a deputy to the 14th NPC and founder and chairman of consumer electronics company TCL Technology Group, said, “Chinese enterprises should play a bigger role in boosting technological innovation.”第十四届全国人大代表、消费电子公司TCL科技集团创始人兼董事长李东生说：“中国企业应在推动技术创新方面发挥更大作用。”He said TCL will strengthen its innovative capabilities in original technologies and increase investment in AI, augmented reality, virtual reality and next-generation display technologies.他表示，TCL将加强原创技术的创新能力，加大对人工智能、增强现实、虚拟现实和下一代显示技术的投入。Advancing new quality productive forces requires further stimulating technological innovation, continuously investing in scientific research and talent development and supporting the intelligent transformation of industries, Li said.他提到，推进新质生产力建设，需要进一步激发科技创新活力，持续加大科研投入和人才培养力度，支持产业智能化转型。Momentumn. [物]动量；势头；动力；要素，契机Legislatorsn.立法委员，议员，立法者( legislator的名词复数)Biomanufacturingn.生物制造Fosterv.促进，鼓励，培养

China targets an economic growth rate of around 5 percent in 2025, according to a government work report submitted Wednesday to the national legislature for deliberation.3月5日，国务院总理李强作政府工作报告，提交给全国人大审议。报告指出，2025年中国经济增长目标设定为5%左右。The report also outlines an array of other key development goals for this year, including a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, over 12 million new urban jobs, and an around 2 percent increase in the consumer price index.报告还概述了今年一系列其他关键发展目标，包括城镇调查失业率5.5%左右、城镇新增就业1200万人以上、居民消费价格涨幅2%左右。The country achieved economic growth of 5 percent in 2024 as an impactful policy package, along with other pro-growth measures, helped fuel strong economic momentum.2024年，在一系列有力政策组合及其他促增长措施的推动下，中国实现了5%的经济增长，展现出强劲的经济势头。On a global scale, an around 5 percent growth rate places China among the world's fastest-growing major economies, with the economic increment equating to the annual output of a mid-sized nation.从全球范围来看，5%左右的增长率让中国跻身世界增长最快的主要经济体之列，其经济增量相当于一个中等规模国家一年的产出。Huang Qunhui, a national political advisor from the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, described this year's economic growth target as scientifically grounded and realistic.全国政协委员、中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员黄群慧表示，今年的经济增长目标科学合理、切实可行。"In the face of a challenging global environment, the proactive and resilient goal suggests that China is braving uncertainties with a clear, determined approach to growth," he said.他说：“在全球环境充满挑战的背景下，这一积极且富有韧性的目标表明，中国正以清晰坚定的态度应对不确定性、推动经济增长。”As 2025 marks the final year of China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) period and is also crucial to crafting the next five-year blueprint, observers believe that the government policies will not only drive sustained growth this year but also lay the groundwork for the country's modernization drive in the long run.2025年是中国“十四五”规划（2021-2025年）的最后一年，也是制定下一个五年计划的关键时期。观察人士认为，政府政策不仅将推动今年经济持续增长，还将为国家的长期现代化进程奠定基础。Fostering high-quality development is a key focus on this year's government agenda, with priorities ranging from stimulating domestic demand to developing new quality productive forces.今年政府工作议程的重点是推动高质量发展，工作重心包括刺激内需、发展新质生产力。"We will take a people-centered approach and place a stronger economic policy focus on improving living standards and boosting consumer spending," the report said.报告指出：“我们将坚持以人民为中心，经济政策的着力点更多转向惠民生、促消费。”Domestic demand will be made the main engine and anchor of economic growth, the report said. Ultra-long special treasury bonds totaling 300 billion yuan will be issued to support consumer goods trade-in programs.报告表示，要让内需成为拉动经济增长的主动力和稳定锚。安排超长期特别国债3000亿元，支持消费品以旧换新。New quality productive forces will be nurtured in light of local conditions, according to the report. China aims to foster emerging and future industries, such as quantum technology and the low-altitude economy, accelerate the upgrading of traditional industries, and combine digital technologies including AI with manufacturing and market strengths. 报告提出，将因地制宜发展新质生产力。中国将培育量子技术、低空经济等新兴未来产业，加快传统产业改造升级，并将人工智能等数字技术与制造业和市场优势相结合。incrementn.增加，增长

This episode of Across The Margin : The Podcast features an interview with Lee Klinger, Ph.D., an Independent Scientist and Consultant in Big Sur, CA currently working with the Department of Natural Resources of the Esselen Tribe of Monterey County, and with the Mutsun Costanoan leaders at Indian Canyon Nation. Since 2005 he has served as the director of Sudden Oak Life, a movement aimed at applying fire mimicry practices to address the problems of forest decline and severe wildfires in California. He has more than forty years of experience in forestry, plant and soil ecology, atmospheric chemistry, earth system science, and nature photography, and has held scholarly appointments at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, the University of Oxford, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Geological Society of London. His book — Forged By Fire : The Cultural Tending of Trees and Forests in Big Sur and Beyond — is the focus of this episode. Big Sur is home to many remarkable trees, including ancient groves of oddly shaped oaks and peculiar groupings and strange fire scars in old-growth redwoods, all dating from a time when the Esselen People were the sole human occupants of the region. Upon close inspection, these oddities are found to be the result of cultural burning and other tending practices by the Esselen. Now, however, too many of these living artifacts are dying and perishing in flames from the stresses imposed by our modern culture. By bringing together both Western science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge systems, the solutions to these problems become self-evident — either reintroduce cultural fire to the land or, if that is not possible, mimic its effects using materials and practices that emulate fire. In this episode hosts Michael Shields and Lee Kliger discuss the importance of using fire as a tool in landscape and forest management, the craft of fire mimicry, the benefits of marrying Western Science with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), and so much more. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Chinese policymakers will likely adopt a more pro-growth stance and strengthen "extraordinary countercyclical measures" to spur the economy amid pressing challenges from sluggish domestic demand and external uncertainties, economists said.经济学家表示，面对国内需求疲软、外部不确定性等紧迫挑战，中国政策制定者可能会采取更加倾向于经济增长的立场，并加强“超常规逆周期调节”以刺激经济。They anticipate a new round of stimulus packages focusing on driving domestic demand and boosting consumption to address domestic structural issues, offset the rising headwinds from a grimmer global environment and foster sustainable, high-quality growth in the long run.他们预计，新一轮刺激计划将侧重于拉动内需、促进消费，解决国内结构性问题，抵消全球环境恶化带来的日益加剧的逆风，促进长期的、可持续的高质量增长。The economists also said they believe that measures in the pipeline may include more public borrowing and spending, with a growing shift of policy emphasis to consumption, enhanced financial support for low-income households, and increased spending on the property sector through the buying back of land or by helping developers finish presold homes.经济学家还表示，他们认为即将出台的措施可能包括增加财政支出、政策重点逐渐转向消费、加强对低收入家庭的财政支持、通过回购土地或帮助开发商完成预售房屋来增加房地产行业支出。Their comments came as the market is closely watching how China will draw up growth targets and policies to revive the world's second-largest economy when China's top legislative and political advisory bodies meet for the annual two sessions in early March.这些评论发表之际，中国即将在3月初召开全国两会，而市场正密切关注中国会如何制定增长目标和政策，重振世界第二大经济体。Noting that the broader economy is still facing pressures from a harsher external environment and still-weak domestic demand, Sun Xuegong, director of the department of policy study and consultation at the Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, said that policymakers will likely introduce a package of stimulus measures aimed at boosting market confidence and stabilizing expectations. The academy is part of the National Development and Reform Commission, the country's top economic regulator.中国宏观经济研究院决策咨询部主任孙学工指出，当前经济仍面临外部环境恶化、内需持续疲软的压力，政策制定者可能会推出一系列刺激措施，提振市场信心、稳定市场预期。中国宏观经济研究院是中国最高经济管理部门国家发展和改革委员会的直属研究机构。As authorities pledged to implement extraordinary countercyclical policies this year, Sun highlighted the need to expand fiscal expenditure, with policy focus shifting to spurring consumption.孙学工强调，由于政府已承诺今年实施超常规逆周期政策，有必要扩大财政支出，将政策重点转向刺激消费。"We need a comprehensive policy mix to boost consumption," Sun said in an interview with China Daily. "The government has already announced raising the pension level and providing subsidies to the low-income group. And this year, the country will extend the program of trade-in deals for consumer goods and expand the scope to more fields of consumption."孙学工在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“我们需要一套综合政策来提振消费。政府已经宣布提高养老金水平，为低收入群体提供补贴。今年，中国还将延长消费品以旧换新计划，并将范围扩大到更多消费领域。”With a series of existing policies taking effect gradually and more supportive measures in the pipeline, Sun said he expects to see a pickup in consumption.孙学工表示，随着一系列现有政策逐步生效，更多支持性措施即将出台，预计消费将有所回升。At a study session held last week by the State Council, China's Cabinet, Premier Li Qiang emphasized boosting consumption and improving people's livelihoods through stronger and more targeted measures, in a bid to strengthen the fundamental role of consumption in driving economic development.2月21日，国务院常务会议召开。会议上，国务院总理李强强调，要通过更有力、更有针对性的措施提振消费、改善民生，增强消费在推动经济发展中的基础性作用。Wang Tao, chief China economist at UBS Investment Bank, said her team expects the government to ramp up fiscal spending to support consumption and the household sector, including more than doubling the size of the trade-in program to over 300 billion yuan ($41.3 billion), creating a subsidy program for families with young children, and increasing the payout level of residents' basic pension and the government contribution to basic social insurance.瑞银证券中国首席经济学家汪涛表示，我们团队预计政府将加大对消费及居民部门的财政支出，包括将消费品以旧换新规模扩大一倍以上至3000亿元人民币（413亿美元）、设立生育和育儿补贴计划、提高城乡居民基础养老金支付水平及政府对基本社保的财政补助水平。"These much-anticipated measures could gradually help underpin household confidence and unleash consumption potential in the long run," Wang said.汪涛表示：“这些市场期待已久的措施有助于逐步提振居民信心、释放长期消费增长潜力。”On the monetary front, Wang said she anticipates that the two sessions will follow the "moderately loose" monetary policy tone set during the Central Economic Work Conference in December, with an explicit call for lowering the funding cost of corporate financing and household credit, cutting reserve requirement ratios and policy rates and enhancing counter cyclical adjustments.汪涛表示，在货币政策方面，她预计两会或将维持2024年12月中央经济工作会议所提出的“适度宽松”的货币政策基调，包括明确要求降低企业融资及居民信贷成本、下调存款准备金率及政策利率、加强逆周期调节。Tian Xuan, associate dean of Tsinghua University's PBC School of Finance, said this year's economic growth target will likely remain at "around 5 percent", the same as last year, reflecting the continuity and consistency of policies and aligning with the country's aspiration that its per capita GDP would reach the level of a moderately developed economy by 2035.清华大学五道口金融学院副院长田轩表示，今年的经济增长目标可能仍保持与去年持平的“5%左右”，体现政策的连续性和一致性，符合中国到2035年人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平的愿望。The expectation of an unchanged growth target comes as China's major economic hubs, such as Beijing and Shanghai as well as Guangdong province, have announced GDP growth goals of around 5 percent for the year.北京、上海、广东等中国主要经济中心已宣布今年GDP增长目标为5%左右，因此预期今年经济增长目标不变。"It would be a goal that we need to strive for and reach with extra effort, which can effectively inspire all the people across the country to work hard together," said Tian, who expects this year's budget deficit-to-GDP ratio to increase to 4 percent or higher.田轩预计今年财政赤字率将提高至4%或以上，他表示：“这将是一个我们需要争取并付出额外努力才能实现的目标，可以有效激励全国人民共同努力。”Lu Ting, chief China economist at Nomura, said a higher fiscal deficit ratio would allow the central government to issue more bonds, ramp up transfers to local governments and alleviate fiscal pressures.野村证券中国区首席经济学家陆挺表示，增加财政赤字率可以让中央政府发行更多债券，增加给地方政府的转移支付，缓解财政压力。Lu said the fiscal stimulus package will likely focus on areas including funding for a trade-in program for equipment upgrades and consumer goods, spending on the property sector through the buying back of land or by helping developers finish presold homes, and financial support for low-income households as well as funding to encourage childbirth.陆挺表示，财政刺激计划可能重点关注以下几个领域：为设备升级和消费品以旧换新计划提供资金；通过回购土地或帮助开发商完成预售房屋来增加房地产行业的支出；为低收入家庭提供财政支持；为鼓励生育提供资金。"The Chinese economy may get off to a relatively good start.…We expect year-on-year real GDP growth to stay at 5 percent in the first quarter," he said.他表示：“中国经济可能迎来一个相对良好的开局……我们预计第一季度实际GDP同比增长率将保持在5%。”The breakthrough of China's homegrown artificial intelligence model DeepSeek has triggered a stock rally that may boost investment and consumption, while the expansion of the trade-in program is stimulating sales of digital goods, he added.他补充说，中国自主研发的人工智能模型DeepSeek的突破性成果引发股市上涨，这可能会促进投资和消费，而扩大以旧换新范围也在刺激数码产品的销售。explicitadj.清楚明白的；明确的

This week on Sinica: February 24 marks the third anniversary of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and as I've done for the last two years, I moderated a panel organized by Vita Golod, a Ukrainian China scholar who happens to be here in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, at UNC as a visiting scholar. She's worked tirelessly to promote awareness of the war, and I'm honored again to have been asked to moderate this panel.The guests you'll hear from are:Dr. Una Aleksandra Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Director of the China Studies Centre at Riga Stradins University in Latvia. Fluent in Chinese, Russian, and English, she has collaborated with scholars like Kerry Brown of King's College London and has done extensive work on China's role in Europe and beyond.Dr. Dmytro Yefremov, Associate Professor in the Department of International Relations at the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" in Ukraine. A board member of the Ukrainian Association of Sinologists, he specializes in China's foreign relations and has traveled extensively to China, providing firsthand insight into Ukraine's perspective on China's role in the war and beyond.Dr. Qiang Liu, Director of the Energy Economics Division at the Institute of Quantitative & Technical Economics within the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). He also serves as the Co-chair and Secretary-General of the Global Forum on Energy Security. His research focuses on energy security, energy economics, and policy, with a particular emphasis on China's Belt and Road Initiative and its global energy partnerships.Dr. Klaus Larres, Richard M. Krasno Distinguished Professor of History and International Affairs at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. An expert on transatlantic relations, U.S., German, and EU foreign policy, and China's role in the post-Cold War order, he has a profound interest in the history of the Cold War and the politics of Winston Churchill.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

African leaders have called for slavery reparations from former colonial powers at the 38th AU Summit in Ethiopia. From the 15th to the 19th century, at least 12.5 million Africans were kidnapped, forcibly transported by mostly European merchants, and sold into slavery.UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in an address to the summit that the bitter fruit of the transatlantic slave trade and colonial exploitation is having a lasting impact on the continent.How can Africans and people of African descent secure the justice they're calling for? And what forms could reparations for slavery take?Host Zhao Ying is joined by Dr. He Wenping, Africa expert and Senior Research Fellow at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Adams Bodomo, Chair Professor of African Linguistics and Literatures, University of Vienna; William Worger, Professor Emeritus, Department of History, UCLA.

China has reaffirmed its commitment to resolving mutual concerns through equal dialogue and consultation with the United States, emphasizing that Washington's unilateral tariff hikes are disrupting normal economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, according to China's top commerce official.中国商务部高级官员表示，中方已重申希望与美国通过平等对话磋商解决各自关切，并强调美方单边加征关税的做法正对中美正常经贸合作造成破坏。In a letter sent on Wednesday to Howard Lutnick, the newly appointed US secretary of commerce, Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao expressed China's concerns over US tariffs on Chinese exports, the Ministry of Commerce said in an online statement.据商务部的一份在线声明显示，2月19日，商务部部长王文涛向美国新任商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克致信，就美对中国输美产品加征关税表达中方关切。Wang said that economic and trade relations form a critical pillar of China-US ties. Both sides should strive to foster a fair and predictable business environment to support sustainable economic engagement, he added.王文涛表示，经贸关系是中美关系的重要组成部分。双方应努力营造公平、可预期的商业环境，以支持可持续的经济合作。The US government's aggressive tariff policy is bound to fail, as history has proved that wielding the tariff stick only leads to price hikes, exacerbates inflation and disrupts global trade, economists said.经济学家指出，美国政府激进的关税政策注定失败，因为历史证明，挥舞关税大棒只会导致价格上涨、加剧通胀并扰乱全球贸易。Highlighting that tariffs are duties ultimately imposed on US businesses and consumers, they said that rather than bring manufacturing back to the US, protectionism would isolate Washington in the world economy and politics.他们强调，关税最终是由美国企业和消费者承担的，保护主义不仅不会让制造业回流美国，反而会使美国在世界经济和政治中陷入孤立。Their comments came after US President Donald Trump said on Tuesday that he intends to impose auto tariffs "in the neighborhood of 25 percent" and similar duties on semiconductors and pharmaceutical imports. This is the latest of a series of US measures threatening to upend international trade.2月18日，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普表示打算对汽车征收“约25%”的关税，并对半导体和药品进口征收类似关税，随后相关人士发表了上述评论。这是美国一系列威胁颠覆国际贸易的最新举措。Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, a professor of economics at Brown University in the US state of Rhode Island, said, "Economists don't typically agree on all things, but if you ask me what is one thing they do agree on, it's that tariffs are costly to the American consumer in the end."美国罗得岛州布朗大学经济学教授塞布内姆·卡莱姆利-奥兹坎表示：“经济学家通常不会在所有事情上达成一致，但如果你问我他们会在哪件事上达成共识，那就是关税最终会让美国消费者付出代价。”Trump imposed a 50 percent tariff on imports of washing machines in 2018. As a direct result, the value of washing machines jumped by around 12 percent, and US consumers paid around $1.5 billion extra a year in total for these products, researchers from the University of Chicago estimated in a paper published in 2019.2018年，特朗普对进口洗衣机征收了50%的关税。芝加哥大学的研究人员在2019年发表的一篇论文中估计，这一举措直接导致洗衣机价格上涨约12%，美国消费者每年为此类产品总共额外支付约15亿美元。Kalemli-Ozcan also expressed concern about the inflationary impact of the extra tariffs.卡莱姆利-奥兹坎还对额外关税的通胀影响表示担忧。The US consumer price index jumped 0.5 percent month-on-month in January, the biggest gain since August 2023. This was higher than expected, as Americans face higher costs for a range of goods and services, Reuters reported.据路透社报道，美国1月消费者价格指数环比增长0.5%，这是自2023年8月以来的最大涨幅。这一涨幅高于预期，因为美国人面临一系列商品和服务成本的上涨。Computer manufacturer Acer said that the price of its laptops would increase by 10 percent next month due to US tariffs.计算机制造商宏碁表示，由于美国关税，其笔记本电脑的价格下个月将上涨10%。"Tariffs (could) also lead to appreciation of the dollar, meaning it will be hard for US exporters to sell their goods to other countries, even in the absence of any retaliation from any country that it imposes tariffs on," Kalemli-Ozcan added.卡莱姆利-奥兹坎补充说：“关税还可能导致美元升值，这意味着即使受加征关税影响的国家不实施反击，美国出口商也很难将商品销售到其他国家。”Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said a multifaceted rationale exists behind the aggressive US trade policy, citing reasons such as attempting to weaken China, pushing for compliance with US foreign policy demands and boosting US exports.哥伦比亚大学可持续发展中心主任杰弗里·萨克斯表示，美国激进贸易政策背后的动机是多方面的，包括试图削弱中国、迫使他国屈服于美国外交政策要求、增加美国出口等。"But Trump's strategy is bound to fail," Sachs said. "China will diversify its trade to the rest of the world, while the US will increasingly lose competitiveness of its own exports in third markets."萨克斯说：“但特朗普的战略注定失败。中国将在全球实行贸易多元化，而美国将在第三市场逐渐失去其出口竞争力。”Li Zhi, assistant dean of the China Institute for Development Planning at Tsinghua University, said, "Eight years ago, the US government tried to use the tariff weapon to make the US great again, but the result was soaring prices domestically, blocked manufacturing investment and disrupted global supply chains."清华大学中国发展规划研究院院长助理李治表示：“八年前，美国政府试图利用关税武器让美国再次伟大，但结果是国内价格飙升，制造业投资受阻，全球供应链中断。”"The trade war launched by Washington has proved to be of little use to help it reduce the deficit," Li said. "We need to learn how to compete and cooperate more gracefully."李治说：“美国发起的贸易战已被证明对其减少赤字几乎没有帮助。我们需要学会如何更优雅地进行竞争与合作。”Wang Changlin, vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said Trump is triggering widespread trade frictions with his tariff plans. "Such an approach will drive up inflation in the US, disrupt global supply chains, and accelerate the restructuring of global industrial, technological and energy resource landscapes. As a result, global economic growth is expected to slow further," Wang said.中国社会科学院副院长王昌林表示，特朗普的关税计划正在引发广泛的贸易摩擦。“这种做法将推高美国通胀，扰乱全球供应链，并加速全球工业、技术和能源资源格局的重组。因此，全球经济增长预计将进一步放缓，”王昌林说。Shi Hongxiu, a professor of economics at the National Academy of Governance, said: "The tariff policy reflects a decline in US influence in global trade, as it increasingly resorts to protectionism to shore up domestic industry. Such moves will trigger countermeasures from its trading partners and deal a blow to global supply chains."国家行政学院经济学教授时红秀表示：“关税政策反映出美国在全球贸易中的影响力下降，因为它越来越诉诸保护主义来支撑国内产业。此类举措将引发其贸易伙伴的反制措施，并对全球供应链造成打击。”Cheng Dawei, a professor at the School of Economics at Renmin University of China, said Trump called for "reciprocal tariffs".中国人民大学经济学院教授程大为表示，特朗普呼吁“互惠关税”。"But such remarks are unfair and contradict the laws of the World Trade Organizations," Cheng said. "Under WTO rules, special and differential treatment should be applied to developing countries. Trump's planned 25 percent tariff on all imported automobiles violates such rules."程大为说：“但这种言论是不公平的，并且与世贸组织的规则相矛盾。根据世贸组织规则，发展中国家应享有特殊和差别待遇。特朗普计划对所有进口汽车征收25%的关税违反了这些规则。”wieldv.挥舞，握，抓着（武器或工具）appreciationn.（价格，价值等的）上涨，增值retaliationn.报复；反击

China's continued support for the private sector, reiterated by President Xi Jinping, is expected to fuel further growth of tech and emerging industries, while promoting private enterprises to embrace another spring and play a bigger role in the country's economic transformation, company executives and economists said on Tuesday.2月18日，公司高管和经济学家表示，中国国家主席习近平重申要持续支持民营企业，这将进一步推动科技和新兴产业的发展，同时民营企业也将迎来又一个“春天”，在中国经济转型中发挥更大作用。Their comments came after Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attended a symposium on private enterprises in Beijing and delivered an important speech on Monday.2月17日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在京出席民营企业座谈会并发表重要讲话。座谈会后，公司高管和经济学家发表了上述评论。In his speech, Xi emphasized the role of private enterprises in advancing China's broader goals in technological innovation, promoting rural vitalization and improving people's well-being.习近平在讲话中强调，民营企业在加快实现技术创新、乡村振兴、改善民生等国家远景目标方面发挥着重要作用。Xu Guanju, chairman of Transfar Group, a leading chemicals manufacturer, said in an interview with China Daily on Tuesday that while the breakthroughs made by Chinese artificial intelligence companies made them immensely proud and boosted their confidence in facing future challenges, the encouragement from China's top leadership was even more inspiring.2月18日，化工巨头传化集团董事长徐冠巨接受《中国日报》采访时表示，中国人工智能公司的突破让他们感到无比自豪，为他们更加信心满怀地应对未来挑战加了一把劲，而中国最高领导层的鼓励更让他们备受鼓舞。"It has greatly motivated us to work together to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces in the future, and embrace the AI era," said Xu, who attended the symposium on Monday.2月17日，徐冠巨在参加座谈会后说道：“这极大地激励了我们携手共进，加快发展新质生产力，积极拥抱AI时代。”The gathering saw a strong presence of companies from technology and emerging sectors, with notable names including Huawei's Ren Zhengfei, BYD's Wang Chuanfu, Will Semiconductor's Yu Renrong, Unitree Robotics' Wang Xingxing and Xiaomi's Lei Jun.此次座谈会汇聚了众多科技和新兴行业的公司代表，包括华为技术有限公司首席执行官任正非、比亚迪股份有限公司董事长王传福、上海韦尔半导体股份有限公司董事长虞仁荣、杭州宇树科技有限公司首席执行官王兴兴、小米科技有限责任公司董事长雷军等知名企业家。Zhang Jun, chief economist at China Galaxy Securities, noted that some of the private enterprises that attended the symposium are not big in terms of business scale or revenue, but have strong growth potential.中国银河证券首席经济学家章俊指出，参加座谈会的部分民营企业虽然没有庞大的业务规模或高收入，但具有强大的增长潜力。"It reaffirmed private enterprises' past breakthroughs in new quality productive forces, while highlighting the government's determination to cultivate future industries," Zhang said.章俊表示：“这既肯定了过去民企在新质生产力相关领域的技术突破，又凸显了政府对培育未来产业的决心。”Observers said the participation of private enterprises from both traditional and emerging sectors showed the continuous emphasis China's top leadership places on the role of the manufacturing industry in the Chinese economy.观察人士称，传统行业和新兴行业的民营企业均参加了此次座谈会，表明中国最高领导层持续重视制造业在中国经济中的作用。Liu Yonghao, founder of New Hope Group, a leading enterprise in agricultural industrialization, told China Daily on Tuesday that technology not only flourishes in high-end manufacturing and AI sectors, but also drives innovative growth in traditional sectors such as agriculture.2月18日，农业产业化龙头企业新希望集团创始人刘永好接受《中国日报》采访时表示，技术发展不仅在高端制造、人工智能等方面取得成绩，也推动了农业等传统行业的创新增长。"Inspired by the top leadership's remarks, our company will capitalize on favorable policies and make efforts to propel further growth amid complex challenges," said Liu, who also attended the symposium.参加本次座谈会的刘永好说：“最高领导层的讲话让我们备受启发，我们公司会利用国家的好政策，在复杂局面下继续努力拼搏，推动企业更好地发展。”Recalling that the previous such symposium on private enterprises, which was presided over by President Xi in 2018, was followed by a three-year bull run in China's A-share market, Zhang, from China Galaxy Securities, said that Monday's meeting will "help enhance the confidence of market entities, dispel concerns about uncertainty and play a decisive role in stabilizing the market".中国银河证券首席经济学家章俊回忆，上一次由习近平主席主持的同等规格民营企业座谈会在2018年，会后中国A股市场迎来了时长3年的牛市。他表示，2月17日的座谈会将“有助于提振市场主体的信心，打消对不确定性的疑虑，对于稳定市场起到一锤定音的效果”。Xu Hongcai, a renowned economist and deputy head of the financial and economic affairs committee of the National People's Congress, said that Xi's remarks "conveyed a clear signal that even with the changing and volatile economic and trade policies of some foreign countries, China remains focused on high-quality economic development as always".著名经济学家、全国人大财政经济委员会副主任委员许宏才表示，习近平的讲话“传递了一个明确信号，即在其他国家经贸政策风云变幻的情况下，中国一如既往集中精力于高质量经济发展”。At Monday's symposium, Xi said the government's basic principles and policies concerning the development of the private economy have been incorporated into the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and will consistently be upheld and fulfilled. "They cannot and will not be changed," he said.2月17日，习近平在座谈会上表示，政府对民营经济发展的基本方针政策已经纳入中国特色社会主义制度体系，将一以贯之坚持和落实。他表示：“这些不能变，也不会变。”This was in line with Xi's remarks at the 2018 symposium, during which he said the country would unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the nonpublic sector and support private enterprises to develop toward a broader stage.这与习近平在2018年座谈会上的讲话相呼应，当时他表示，国家将毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，支持民营企业走向更加广阔的舞台。The stance was reaffirmed at the 2022 Central Economic Work Conference, which emphasized that promoting the private sector's growth is a "long-term strategy", rather than a short-term measure.2022年召开的中央经济工作会议再次明确这一立场，强调促进民营经济发展是“长期战略”，而非短期措施。In 2023, during the two sessions, the annual meetings of China's top legislative and political advisory bodies, Xi emphasized that the Party encouraged private enterprises and entrepreneurs to let go of their concerns and burdens and boldly pursue their development.2023年两会（中国最高立法机关和中国政治协商机构年度会议）期间，习近平强调，党鼓励民营企业和民营企业家消除顾虑，放下包袱，大胆发展。Xu, the renowned economist, said: "These instances show that China's reform policies are continuous and stable. A stable policy and a good business environment will further enhance private enterprises' confidence, consistently attract more foreign investment and promote sustained economic growth."著名经济学家许宏才表示：“这些事例表明，中国的改革政策是连续的、稳定的。稳定的政策和良好的营商环境将进一步提升民营企业的信心，将一以贯之吸引更多外商投资，促进经济的持续增长。”As of the end of September last year, China had over 55 million registered private companies, accounting for 92.3 percent of all businesses. They contribute more than half of the country's tax revenue, over 60 percent of GDP and over 80 percent of urban employment.截至2024年9月底，中国登记在册民营企业数量超过5500万户，占全国企业总量的92.3%。民营经济贡献了全国50%以上的税收、60%以上的国内生产总值、80%以上的城镇劳动就业。In recent years, the role of the private sector has become increasingly pivotal in driving technological innovations. For example, the rise of AI startup DeepSeek and its advanced large language model, Huawei's breakthroughs in domestically developed chips and operating systems, and Unitree Robotics' humanoid robots, which staged a dance with festive vibes at this year's China Media Group Spring Festival Gala on Chinese New Year's Eve.近年来，民营企业在驱动技术创新方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。例如，人工智能初创企业DeepSeek及其先进的大型语言模型崛起，华为在国产芯片和操作系统方面取得突破，以及宇树科技人形机器人今年除夕夜亮相，在央视春晚舞台上表演了充满节日氛围的舞蹈。Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said the latest efforts of the top leadership will further bolster policies.中国商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院高级研究员周密表示，最高领导层的最新努力将进一步推动政策落实。A package of policies is expected to be accelerated, which includes a law to promote the private sector, measures to advance mixed ownership reforms and efforts to encourage private enterprises to go global, he said.他预计，一系列政策将加快落地，包括推进民营经济促进法立法进程、推动混合所有制改革以及鼓励民营企业“走出去”。humanoidn.人形机器人；类人的生物

China rolled out a plan on Monday to stabilize foreign investment this year, signaling the country's determination to achieve high-level opening-up in the face of rising global protectionism, analysts said.分析人士表示，2月10日，中国推出《2025年稳外资行动方案》，以稳定今年的外商投资，表明中国在面对全球保护主义抬头时实现高水平开放的决心。The plan, adopted at the State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Qiang, outlined more practical and effective measures to both retain existing and attract new foreign investment because of the vital role that foreign-invested businesses play in terms of job creation, export stability and industrial upgrading.2月10日，国务院总理李强主持召开国务院常务会议，审议通过《2025年稳外资行动方案》。该方案概述，外资企业在吸纳就业、稳定出口、促进产业升级等方面都具有重要作用，要拿出更多务实管用的举措，以稳定现有外资、吸引新的外资。China will fully implement its commitment to remove all market access restrictions for foreign investors in the manufacturing sector and expand the list of sectors encouraging foreign investment, according to the plan.根据该方案，中国将落实全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制要求，扩大鼓励外商投资产业范围。The country will encourage foreign enterprises to reinvest their capital within the Chinese market and participate more actively in equity investments. Meanwhile, steps will be taken toward optimizing the rules and regulations governing foreign mergers and acquisitions, as outlined in the plan.方案表明，中国将加大外资企业境内再投资支持力度，鼓励外资在华开展股权投资，同时采取措施优化外资并购规则。Foreign enterprises will be treated on an equal footing with their Chinese counterparts in government procurement, according to the plan, which also put an emphasis on widening the financing options available to foreign-invested enterprises and strengthening intellectual property protection for them.方案指出，要在政府采购等工作中做到内外资企业一视同仁，拓宽外资企业融资渠道，加大知识产权保护力度。China will further open up its services sector, with a particular focus on accelerating pilot programs in key areas such as telecommunications, healthcare and education, said Li Yongjie, deputy international trade representative of the Ministry of Commerce, at a news conference in mid-January.商务部国际贸易谈判副代表李詠箑在1月中旬的新闻发布会上表示，中国将稳步推进服务业扩大开放，特别是要扩大电信、医疗、教育等重点领域开放试点推广工作。The country is committed to aligning itself with high-standard international trade and economic rules while building a network of high-level opening-up platforms such as free trade zones as it aims to enhance its overall business environment, Li said.李詠箑表示，中国将主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，高水平建设自由贸易区等开放平台，改善整体营商环境。A total of 59,080 new foreign-invested firms were established across China last year, an increase of 9.9 percent year-on-year, data from the ministry showed.商务部数据显示，2024年中国新成立外资企业59080家，同比增长9.9%。These proactive opening-up policies stand in stark contrast with the intensifying investment restrictions tipped by certain economies, and have created a more welcoming and accessible environment for foreign enterprises—particularly small and medium-sized ones—looking to enter the Chinese market, said Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院高级研究员周密表示，这些积极主动的开放政策与某些经济体加剧投资限制的倾向形成鲜明对比，为希望进入中国市场的外国企业——尤其是中小企业——创造了更加友好便利的环境。While the global economy grapples with sluggish demand, the sheer size of China's consumer base, the nation's rising middle class and growing purchasing power have presented a crucial lifeline for foreign enterprises navigating broader economic uncertainties, Zhou added.周密补充说，在全球经济需求疲软、经济不确定性加剧之际，中国庞大的消费群体、崛起的中产阶级和日益增长的购买力，为外国企业寻找出路提供了至关重要的生命线。sluggishadj.行动缓慢的；迟缓的

People across China paid great respect to Huang Xuhua, the late chief designer of the nation's first-generation nuclear submarines, over the past days in remembrance of the renowned engineer's contributions to the motherland.Huang, who received the country's highest honor, the Medal of the Republic, in September 2019 and the nation's top science and technology award in January 2020, died on Thursday evening in Wuhan, Hubei province, at the age of 99. A funeral service for him was held on Monday at the city's Wuchang funeral parlor.Inside a memorial hall at the Wuhan-based Nuclear Submarine Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corp, farewell flowers were arranged in the shape of a submarine and ocean waves in front of Huang's portrait at a farewell ceremony held on Saturday and Sunday.Students from primary and middle schools and universities, as well as local residents and colleagues of Huang, came to the site to salute, pay their respects and say farewell to the preeminent researcher.Many people from outside Wuhan ordered flowers from online shops and asked them to be delivered to the farewell ceremony.In Huang's hometown of Shanwei in Guangdong province, at Shanghai Jiao Tong University where the researcher studied, and at the PLA Naval Museum in Qingdao, Shandong province, ceremonies were held in remembrance of the submarine designer.Many people who commented below online news reports about Huang's passing said they were grateful to the late engineer, because what he had done had safeguarded the country and its people, and had also contributed to making China a great power in the world.In 1958, Huang became one of China's first researchers designated to design the nation's own nuclear-powered submarines. Since then, his name remained classified until almost three decades later, when a magazine in Shanghai was allowed to publish a report on him, which only disclosed his surname of Huang.From his early 30s to his passing, Huang was closely linked to China's nuclear submarine force. He led the research and development of the nation's first-generation nuclear submarines — the Type 09I nuclear-powered attack submarine and the Type 09II nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. He also trained and established a group of engineers who have played central roles in building new generations of nuclear submarines.In addition, Huang had been director of the Nuclear Submarine Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corp and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

China will impose additional tariffs ranging from 10 to 15 percent on US products, and launch an anti-monopoly probe into Google Inc, as well as other trade measures amid growing trade tensions with the United States.随着中美贸易关系日益紧张，中国将对美国产品加征10%至15%的额外关税，并对谷歌公司启动反垄断调查，同时还将采取其他贸易措施。An additional 15 percent tariff will be imposed on coal and liquefied natural gas imports from the US, as well as an additional 10 percent tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery, large-displacement automobiles and pickup trucks, starting on Feb 10, the Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council said on Tuesday.2月4日，国务院关税税则委员会表示，自2月10日起，中国将对从美国进口的煤炭、液化天然气加征15%的额外关税，对原油、农业机械、大排量汽车、皮卡加征10%的额外关税。The move followed the US announcement that it would impose an additional 10 percent tariff on goods imported from China.此举是在美国宣布将对从中国进口的商品加征10%的额外关税之后作出的。The Finance Ministry said the unilateral imposition of tariffs by the US seriously violates the rules of the World Trade Organization, fails to solve the US' own problems, and undermines normal economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.财政部表示，美方单边加征关税的做法严重违反世界贸易组织规则，不仅无益于解决自身问题，也对中美正常经贸合作造成破坏。"The additional tariffs announced by China will cast a shadow on a significant number of US companies. Once a US company withdraws from the Chinese market due to tariff pressures, the obstacles in terms of reestablishing a presence can be substantial," said Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院高级研究员周密指出：“中国宣布加征额外关税将给大量美国公司带来阴影。一旦某个美国公司因关税压力而退出中国市场，它想重新进入市场将会面临巨大阻碍。”Zhou added that the attractiveness of the Chinese market remains a powerful draw for those US companies, prompting calls for Beijing and Washington to engage in open and constructive discussions and find a path forward that addresses the concerns of the businesses of both sides while upholding their respective economic interests.周密还表示，中国市场对这些美国公司来说仍然具有强大吸引力，这促使北京和华盛顿进行开放性和建设性讨论，找到一条既能解决双方企业关切又能维护各自经济利益的前进道路。US President Donald Trump told The Wall Street Journal on Monday that he planned to speak with the Chinese leadership in the next 24 hours about tariffs, and Trump also said the 10 percent planned tariffs were just "an opening salvo".2月3日，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在接受《华尔街日报》采访时表示，他计划在未来24小时内与中国领导人就关税问题进行讨论，并称计划加征的10%关税只是“初步行动”。As trade tensions with the US escalate, China has filed a lawsuit with the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism to defend its legitimate rights and interests. China firmly opposes the US approach and urges the US to immediately correct its wrong practices, the Ministry of Commerce said on Tuesday.随着中美贸易紧张局势的升级，中国为捍卫自身合法权益，已向世界贸易组织争端解决机制提起诉讼。2月4日，商务部表示，中方对美方做法坚决反对，敦促美方立即纠正错误做法。China has also announced a group of export control policies on key minerals. The Ministry of Commerce said that since Tuesday, it has added tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium-related items to the export control list.中国还宣布了一系列针对关键矿产的出口管制政策。商务部表示，自2月4日起，将钨、碲、铋、钼、铟相关物项纳入出口管制清单。The Commerce Ministry also put US clothing company PVH Corp and biotechnology company Illumina Inc on its unreliable entity list. China will take corresponding measures against the two companies in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.商务部还将美国服装公司PVH集团和生物技术公司因美纳公司列入不可靠实体清单，并表示将依据相关法律法规对这两家公司采取相应措施。"The two companies violate normal market trading principles, interrupt normal transactions with Chinese enterprises, take discriminatory measures against Chinese companies and seriously damage the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese firms," the ministry said in a statement.商务部在一份声明中表示：“这两家公司违反正常的市场交易原则，中断与中国企业的正常交易，对中国企业采取歧视性措施，严重损害中国企业合法权益。”The State Administration for Market Regulation, China's top market regulator, said on Tuesday that it has initiated an investigation into US tech giant Google Inc for suspected violations of China's Anti-Monopoly Law.2月4日，中国国家市场监督管理总局表示，已对美国科技巨头谷歌公司涉嫌违反《中华人民共和国反垄断法》展开立案调查。Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities, said China should resort to effective countermeasures against any tariff threats by the White House, while optimizing domestic policies and anchoring market expectations.粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，中国应针对白宫提出的任何关税威胁采取有效反制措施，同时优化国内政策、稳定市场预期。"Based on the experiences gained during the first Trump administration, China can utilize measures such as imposing additional tariffs and export controls to counter trade threats from the US," Luo said.罗志恒说：“参考特朗普第一任政府期间的经验，中国可以采取加征额外关税和出口管制等措施来应对美国的贸易威胁。”He added that China should continue to broaden the list of sanctioned goods and entities, and increase Beijing's negotiation leverage with Washington.他还表示，中国应继续扩大商品和实体清单制裁范围，并增加北京与华盛顿的谈判筹码。Given heightened global uncertainties, China should scale up the intensity of its fiscal and monetary policies, actively expand domestic demand to counter any potential downturns in external demand, and steadily push forward high-level opening-up, expand networks with trade partners and diversify its trade portfolios, Luo said.罗志恒认为，鉴于全球不确定性上升，中国应加大财政货币政策的力度，积极扩大内需以对冲外需可能的下滑，同时稳步推进高水平对外开放，扩大中国的贸易“朋友圈”，大力拓展对外贸易多元化。discriminatoryadj.歧视的，区别对待的

As the Year of the Snake approaches, sales of products with serpentine elements have witnessed explosive growth on major e-commerce platforms, which experts said showcases not only the strong resonance of traditional Chinese culture among shoppers, but also the vitality of the country's consumer market.随着蛇年的临近，各大电商平台上的“蛇元素”产品销售量激增。专家表示，这不仅体现了中国传统文化在消费者当中引起了强烈共鸣，也展现了中国消费市场的蓬勃活力。Snakes are the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, and are considered to be symbols of wisdom, longevity and good fortune.蛇是中国十二生肖12年循环中的第六个生肖，被视为智慧、长寿、好运的象征。Data from e-commerce platform JD showed that searches for snake-related merchandise via its online marketplace surged more than 100 percent year-on-year in the past week, with serpent-themed commemorative coins, spring couplets and gold ornaments leading the trend.电商平台京东的数据显示，过去一周，其线上市场“蛇元素”商品的搜索量同比增长超过100%，其中以蛇为主题的纪念币、春联、黄金饰品位居前列。The transaction volume of such reptilian-related home accessories topped the list, followed by cultural and educational supplies, clothing, toys, musical instruments and kitchenware, JD said.京东表示，从“蛇元素”产品销量看，家居饰品位居榜首，其次是文教文化用品、服饰、玩具乐器、厨具。According to JD, consumers from Guangdong province, Beijing and Jiangsu province purchased the most products featuring snake-themed elements, such as red envelopes, couplets, lanterns and zodiac decorations. Underwear and socks with images of the slithery creatures have gained popularity among Chinese consumers aged between 26 and 45, it added.据京东介绍，广东、北京、江苏成为购买“蛇元素”商品最多的省份，如红包、春联、灯笼、生肖挂饰。此外，印有蛇形图案的内衣和袜子在26-45岁的中国消费者中颇受欢迎。Online discount retailer Vipshop said sales of sweatshirts incorporating serpentine themes surged 71 percent between Jan 6 and Jan 12 compared with the previous week, while the turnover of similarly themed children's coats soared 68 percent.线上折扣零售商唯品会表示，1月6日至12日，“蛇元素”运动卫衣销量较前一周增长71%，相同主题的儿童外套销量则增长68%。Such themed nut gift boxes and bracelets are favored by consumers, with their sales jumping 53 percent and 31 percent, respectively, during the period, said Vipshop.唯品会称，“蛇元素”坚果礼盒和手链也深受消费者喜爱，同期销量分别增长53%和31%。Moreover, international luxury brands, including Burberry, Tiffany and Qeelin, have launched more than 1,000 styles of limited edition commodities with snake elements specially tailored for the Chinese market on Tmall, Alibaba Group's business-to-customer platform, ahead of Spring Festival.此外，在阿里巴巴集团B2C平台天猫上，博柏利、蒂芙尼、麒麟珠宝等国际奢侈品牌已推出1000多款为中国市场量身定制的“蛇元素”限量版商品，迎接春节的到来。Jason Yu, managing director and vice-executive president of CTR Media Convergence Institute, said the purchasing frenzy of zodiac-related products ahead of the upcoming Spring Festival holiday demonstrates Chinese consumers' aspiration for a better life in the new year.CTR媒体融合研究院总经理、执行副院长虞坚表示，春节前夕迎来生肖相关产品的购买热潮，体现了中国消费者对新一年美好生活的向往。Yu said China's Generation Z shoppers—those born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s—are displaying a growing sense of national pride and confidence in Chinese culture, and snake-themed products weaving traditional Chinese cultural elements into their modern design are gaining traction among younger consumers.虞坚说，中国的Z世代消费者（即1996-2010年出生的人）展现出越来越强的中国文化自信和民族自豪感，将中国传统文化元素与现代设计融合的“蛇元素”产品正受到年轻消费者的青睐。Yu expects China's consumer market will gain growth momentum this year, fueled by a series of pro-consumption policies, such as the consumer goods trade-in program. He called for enhanced efforts to improve household incomes and boost people's ability and willingness to spend, so as to further perk up consumption.虞坚预计，在一系列促消费政策的推动下，如消费品以旧换新政策，今年中国消费市场将获得增长动力。他建议，加大力度提高家庭收入，增强人们的消费能力和消费意愿，以进一步提振消费。Spring Festival is the holiday that Chinese people attach the most importance to, and major Chinese online retailers have launched promotional events ahead of the weeklong holiday, said Hong Yong, an associate research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院副研究员洪勇表示，春节是中国人最重视的节日，中国各大线上零售商已在为期一周的春节假期到来之前推出了促销活动。The cultural connotations that the Chinese zodiac carries have stimulated people's passion for buying ahead of the long holiday, and this shopping surge is crucial for expanding domestic demand and promoting recovery of the consumer market amid downward economic pressure, Hong said.洪勇说，中国生肖所承载的文化内涵激发了人们长假前的购物热情，这一购物热潮对于扩大内需、促进消费市场在经济下行压力中复苏至关重要。He added that Chinese consumers' pursuit of Year of the Snake-themed products has also injected fresh vitality into the inheritance of traditional culture, adding that brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative products.他补充说，中国消费者对蛇年主题产品的追求也为传统文化的传承注入了新的活力，并指出品牌应利用中国传统文化推出更多创新产品。turnovern.（一定时期内的）营业额，成交量

China's gross domestic product expanded by 5 percent in 2024 - meeting the country's preset annual growth target of around 5 percent, fueled by a slew of policy measures taking effect gradually last year, official data showed on Friday.The country's annual GDP came in at 134.9 trillion yuan ($18.4 trillion) in 2024, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. For the fourth quarter of 2024, the Chinese economy grew 5.4 percent year-on-year, following a 4.6 percent growth in the third quarter.China's value-added industrial output grew by 5.8 percent year-on-year in 2024. The figure rose by 6.2 percent in December following a 5.4 percent growth in November. Retail sales, a key measurement of consumer spending, grew by 3.5 percent for the year, while retail sales in December increased by 3.7 percent versus the 3 percent growth recorded a month earlier. Fixed-asset investment - a gauge of expenditures on items including infrastructure, property, machinery and equipment – rose by 3.2 percent in 2024, while in the first 11 months, it grew by 3.3 percent. The surveyed urban jobless rate came in at 5.1 percent in December versus 5 percent in November, according to the NBS. NBS data showed over the past five years, China's contribution to global economic growth has averaged around 30 percent, making it the largest driver of growth for the world economy.Looking ahead, Zhang Ming, deputy director of the Institute of Finance and Banking, which is part of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said China's annual GDP growth rate is likely to reach 4.7 percent to 5 percent in 2025 if the government takes expansionary moves in macroeconomic adjustments.

Continuing the end of year 2024 edition of Unearthed!, this installment includes these categories: potpourri, edibles and potables, and books and letters Research: Giuffrida, Angela. “Painting found by junk dealer in cellar is original Picasso, experts claim.” The Guardian. 10/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/01/painting-found-by-junk-dealer-in-cellar-is-original-picasso-experts-claim Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “‘Horrible’ Painting Found by a Junk Dealer Could Be a Picasso Worth $6 Million.” ArtNet. 10/1/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/junk-dealer-picasso-2545786 Kuta, Sarah. “This Shipwreck’s Location Was a Mystery for 129 Years. Then, Two Men Found It Just Minutes Into a Three-Day Search.” Smithsonian. 9/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-shipwrecks-location-was-a-mystery-for-129-years-then-two-men-found-it-just-minutes-into-a-three-day-search-180985165/ Peru murals https://archaeology.org/news/2024/10/01/additional-moche-murals-uncovered-in-peru-at-panamarca/ Leung, Maple. “Team makes distilled wine in replica of bronze vessel found at emperor’s tomb.” MyNews. 12/13/2024. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3290709/team-makes-distilled-wine-replica-bronze-vessel-found-emperors-tomb Feldman, Ella. “Dorothy’s Ruby Slippers From ‘The Wizard of Oz’ Sell for a Record-Breaking $28 Million.” Smithsonian. 12/10/2024. s-from-the-wizard-of-oz-sell-for-a-record-breaking-28-million-180985620/ Tamisiea, Jack. “Hairballs Shed Light on Man-Eating Lions’ Menu.” The New York Times. 10/11/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/11/science/tsavo-lions-man-eating-dna.html Spears, Nancy Marie. “First-ever oral histories of Indian boarding school survivors, collected with care.” ICT. 10/16/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/first-ever-oral-histories-of-indian-boarding-school-survivors-collected-with-care Kuta, Sarah. “Biden Issues a ‘Long Overdue’ Formal Apology for Native American Boarding Schools.” Smithsonian. 10/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/biden-issues-a-long-overdue-biden-formally-apologizes-for-native-american-boarding-schools-180985341/ Schrader, Adam. “A New Monument Confronts the Dark Legacy of Native American Boarding Schools.” ArtNet. 12/13/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/indian-boarding-school-national-monument-2586044 Boucher, Brian. “This Contemporary Artist Will Complete a Missing Scene in the Millennium-Old Bayeux Tapestry.” Artnet. 10/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helene-delprat-complete-bayeux-tapestry-2560937 Reuters. “Ancient Pompeii site uncovers tiny house with exquisite frescoes.” 10/24/2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ancient-pompeii-site-uncovers-tiny-house-with-exquisite-frescoes-2024-10-24/ The History Blog. “Tiny house frescoed like mansion in Pompeii.” 10/25/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/71444 Bowman, Emma. “New DNA evidence upends what we thought we knew about Pompeii victims.” NPR. 11/9/2024. https://www.npr.org/2024/11/08/g-s1-33553/pompeii-dna-evidence-vesuvius-victims Benzine, Vittoria. “Pompeii Experts Back Up Pliny’s Historical Account of Vesuvius Eruption.” ArtNet. 12/13/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/pompeii-pliny-vesuvius-eruption-date-2587228 Willsher, Kim. “‘Bodies were dropped down quarry shafts’: secrets of millions buried in Paris catacombs come to light.” The Guardian. 10/19/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/19/bodies-quarry-shafts-millions-buried-paris-catacombs Kuta, Sarah. “See the Wreck of Ernest Shackleton’s ‘Endurance’ in Astonishing Detail With This New 3D Scan.” Smithsonian. 10/18/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/see-the-wreck-of-ernest-shackletons-endurance-in-astonishing-detail-with-this-new-3d-scan-180985274/ Boucher, Brian. “In a Rare Move, Boston’s Gardner Museum Snaps Up a Neighboring Apartment Building.” ArtNet. 10/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/boston-gardner-museum-buys-apartment-building-2555811 Whipple, Tom. “Letters reveal the quiet genius of Ada Lovelace.” The Times. 6/14/2024. https://www.thetimes.com/uk/history/article/ada-lovelace-letters-shed-light-woman-science-1848-kdztdh9x0 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “This 18th-Century Painting Could Rewrite Black History in Britain.” ArtNet. 10/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/this-18th-century-painting-could-rewrite-black-history-in-britain-2552814 Factum Foundation. “William Blake’s Earliest Engravings.” 2024. https://factumfoundation.org/our-projects/digitisation/archiox-analysing-and-recording-cultural-heritage-in-oxford/william-blakes-earliest-engravings/ Whiddington, Richard. “William Blake’s Earliest Etchings Uncovered in Stunning High-Tech Scans.” ArtNet. 10/23/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/william-blake-earliest-engravings-copper-plates-bodleian-2558053 Kinsella, Eileen. “X-Ray Analysis of Gauguin Painting Reveals Hidden Details… and a Dead Beetle.” ArtNet. 12/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gauguin-little-cat-analysis-van-gogh-museum-2577081 Oster, Sandee. “Archaeologists reveal musical instruments depicted in Zimbabwe's ancient rock art.” Phys.org. 11/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-11-archaeologists-reveal-musical-instruments-depicted.html Niskanen, Niina. “Prehistoric hunter-gatherers heard the elks painted on rocks talking.” EurekAlert. 11/25/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065949 Metcalfe, Tom. “WWII British sub that sank with 64 on board finally found off Greek Island.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/wwii-british-sub-that-sank-with-64-on-board-finally-found-off-greek-island Medievalists.net. “Tudor Sailors’ Bones Reveal Link Between Handedness and Bone Chemistry.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/11/tudor-sailors-bones-reveal-link-between-handedness-and-bone-chemistry/ Benzine, Vittoria. “Astonishing Trove of Rare Roman Pottery Uncovered Beneath Sicilian Waters.” 11/7/2014. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rare-richborough-pottery-underwater-sicily-2565780 Kuta, Sarah. “Divers Recover 300-Year-Old Glass Onion Bottles From a Shipwreck Off the Coast of Florida.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-recover-300-year-old-glass-onion-bottles-from-a-shipwreck-off-the-coast-of-florida-180985358/ Babbs, Verity. “This Sunken Ship May Be the 1524 Wreckage From Vasco da Gama’s Final Voyage.” ArtNet. 11/30/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/sunken-ship-vasco-da-gama-2577760 Roberts, Michael. “Researchers locate WWI shipwreck off Northern Ireland.” PhysOrg. 12/3/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-wwi-shipwreck-northern-ireland.html ACS Newsroom. “New hydrogel could preserve waterlogged wood from shipwrecks.” EurekAlert. 12/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1066769 Dedovic, Yaz. “Bad weather led Dutch ship into Western Australian coast.” EurekAlert. 12/8/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067496 Bassi, Margherita. “1,200 years ago, a cat in Jerusalem left the oldest known evidence of 'making biscuits' on a clay jug.” LiveScience. 8/28/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1-200-years-ago-a-cat-in-jerusalem-left-the-oldest-known-evidence-of-making-biscuits-on-a-clay-jug Oster, Sandee. “Tunisian snail remains provide insights on a possible 7700-year-old local food tradition.” Phys.org. 10/8/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-tunisian-snail-insights-year-local.html Medievalists.net. “Vikings and Indigenous North Americans: New Walrus DNA Study Reveals Early Arctic Encounters.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/10/vikings-and-indigenous-north-americans-new-walrus-dna-study-reveals-early-arctic-encounters/ Billing, Lotte. “Early interactions between Europeans and Indigenous North Americans revealed.” Lund University. Via EurekAlert. 9/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1059638 Bliege Bird, R., Bird, D.W., Martine, C.T. et al. Seed dispersal by Martu peoples promotes the distribution of native plants in arid Australia. Nat Commun 15, 6019 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50300-5 Tutella, Francisco. “Landscape effects of hunter-gatherer practices reshape idea of agriculture.” 10/10/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1060928 aranto, S., Barcons, A.B., Portillo, M. et al. Unveiling the culinary tradition of ‘focaccia’ in Late Neolithic Mesopotamia by way of the integration of use-wear, phytolith & organic-residue analyses. Sci Rep 14, 26805 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78019-9 Brinkhof, Tim. “People Were Making Focaccia Bread 9,000 Years Ago.” ArtNet. 12/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-focaccia-recipe-study-2580239 Ward, Kim. “How MSU is bringing shipwrecked seeds back to life.” MSU Today. 11/6/2024. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2024/how-msu-is-bringing-shipwrecked-seeds-back-to-life Kuta, Sarah. “Seeds That Were Submerged in a Lake Huron Shipwreck for Nearly 150 Years.” Smithsonian. 11/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-are-trying-to-make-whiskey-using-rye-seeds-that-were-submerged-in-a-lake-huron-shipwreck-for-nearly-150-years-180985493/ Tutella, Francisco. “Peaches spread across North America through Indigenous networks.” Penn State. Via EurekAlert. 11/22/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065907 Irish Central Staff. “2000-year-old fig discovered by Irish archaeologists in Dublin.” Irish Central. 11/25/2024. https://www.irishcentral.com/news/archaeologists-fig-drumanagh-dublin Kieltyka, Matt. “Genetic study of native hazelnut challenges misconceptions about how ancient Indigenous peoples used the land.” EurekAlert. 12/5/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067317 Pflughoeft, Aspen. “2,800-year-old bakery — with tools and food remains — uncovered in Germany” Miami Herald. 11/29/2024. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article296316409.html#storylink=cpy Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Traces of 10,000-year-old ancient rice beer discovered in Neolithic site in Eastern China.” Phys.org. 12/9/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-year-ancient-rice-beer-neolithic.html#google_vignette McHugh, Chris. “Medieval origins of Oxford college unearthed.” BBC. 12/15/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd0el584nrvo Morgan Library and Museum. “New Work by Frédéric Chopin Recently Discovered in the Collection of the Morgan Library and Museum.” https://host.themorgan.org/press/Morgan_Chopin_MediaRelease.pdf Henley, Jon. “Remains of man whose death was recorded in 1197 saga uncovered in Norway.” The Guardian. 10/27/2014. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/27/remains-of-man-whose-death-was-recorded-in-1197-saga-uncovered-in-norway Babbs, Verity. “Archaeologists Unearth a 2,000-Year-Old Inscription Honoring an Ancient Wrestler.” ArtNet. 10/26/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-unearth-a-2000-year-old-inscription-honoring-an-ancient-wrestler-2557032 Whiddington, Richard. Amateur Sleuth Uncovers Bram Stoker’s Lost Supernatural Tale—A Precursor to ‘Dracula’?” ArtNet. 11/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/lost-bram-stoker-story-gibbet-hill-found-2557360 British Library. “An unknown leaf from the Poor Clares of Cologne.” Medieval Manuscripts Blog. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2024/12/poor-clares-of-cologne.html Thompson, Karen. “The Incas used stringy objects called 'khipus' to record data—we just got a step closer to understanding them.” Phys.org. 11/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-11-incas-stringy-khipus-closer.html Whiddington, Richard. “An Archaeologist’s 150-Year-Old Message in a Bottle Is Uncovered by Norwegian Researchers.” ArtNet. 11/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-150-year-old-message-uncovered-norwegian-lorange-2572859 Kuta, Sarah. “Read the 132-Year-Old Message in a Bottle Found Hidden Inside the Walls of a Scottish Lighthouse.” Smithsonian. 11/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/read-the-132-year-old-message-in-a-bottle-found-hidden-inside-the-walls-of-a-scottish-lighthouse-180985528/ Benzine, Vittoria. “Professor Translates 2,600-Year-Old Inscription That Linguists Claimed Could Never Be Read.” ArtNet. 11/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/2600-year-old-inscription-decoded-2572494 Alberge, Dalya. “16th-century graffiti of Tower of London prisoners decoded for first time.” The Observer. 12/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2024/dec/01/16th-century-graffiti-of-tower-of-london-prisoners-decoded-for-first-time Oster, Sandee. “Ancient Iberian slate plaques may be genealogical records.” Phys.org. 12/3/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-ancient-iberian-slate-plaques-genealogical.html Robbins, Hannah. “Oldest known alphabet unearthed in ancient Syrian city.” EurekAlert. 11/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065620 Göttingen University. “Press release: Skill and technique in Bronze Age spear combat.” 8/10/2024. https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/3240.html?id=7562 Jackson, Justin. “'Getting high' in Paleolithic hunting: Elevated positions enhance javelin accuracy but reduce atlatl efficiency.” Phys.org. 10/16/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-paleolithic-hunters-benefited-high.html#google_vignette Diamond, L.E., Langley, M.C., Cornish, B. et al. Aboriginal Australian weapons and human efficiency. Sci Rep 14, 25497 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76317-w Langley, Michelle and Laura Diamond. “First-ever biomechanics study of Indigenous weapons shows what made them so deadly.” Phys.org. 10/28/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-biomechanics-indigenous-weapons-deadly.html Babbs, Verity. “Rare Portrait of the Last Byzantine Emperor Unearthed in Stunning Greek Find.” ArtNet. 12/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/byzantine-emperor-constantine-xi-fresco-greece-2589737 Nelson, George. “Archeologists Discover Hidden Tomb in Ancient City of Petra and a Skeleton Holding Vessel Resembling Indiana Jones’s ‘Holy Grail’.” 10/22/2024. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/petra-ancient-city-jordan-secret-hidden-tomb-archaeology-1234721828/ Osho-Williams, Olatunji. “Archaeologists in Petra Discover Secret Tomb Hiding Beneath a Mysterious Structure Featured in ‘Indiana Jones’.” Smithsonian. 10/15/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-in-petra-discover-secret-tomb-hiding-beneath-a-mysterious-structure-featured-in-indiana-jones-180985275/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Say This Tiny Amulet Is the Oldest Evidence of Christianity Found North of the Alps.” Smithsonian. 12/19/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-say-this-tiny-amulet-is-the-oldest-evidence-of-christianity-found-north-of-the-alps-180985674/ UCL News. “Stonehenge may have been built to unify the people of ancient Britain.” 12/20/2024. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/dec/stonehenge-may-have-been-built-unify-people-ancient-britain Casey, Michael. “Centuries-old angels uncovered at Boston church made famous by Paul Revere.” Associated Press. 12/24/2024. https://apnews.com/article/boston-old-church-angels-uncovered-paul-revere-4656e86d3f042b8ab8f7652a7301597c Benzine, Vittoria. “Thousands of Stolen Greek Artifacts Just Turned Up in an Athens Basement.” ArtNet. 12/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-greek-artifacts-found-athens-basement-2589662 The History Blog. “Unique 500-year-old wooden shoe found in Netherlands cesspit.” 12/24/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/71988 Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Discover Rare Clay Commander Among Thousands of Life-Size Terra-Cotta Soldiers in China.” Smithsonian. 12/31/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-rare-clay-commander-among-thousands-of-life-size-terra-cotta-soldiers-in-china-180985747/ Gammelby, Peter F. “Water and gruel—not bread: Discovering the diet of early Neolithic farmers in Scandinavia.” Phys.org. 12/20/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-gruel-bread-diet-early-neolithic.html#google_vignette See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This first installment the end of year 2024 edition of Unearthed! starts with updates, so many shipwrecks, and so much art. Research: Giuffrida, Angela. “Painting found by junk dealer in cellar is original Picasso, experts claim.” The Guardian. 10/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/01/painting-found-by-junk-dealer-in-cellar-is-original-picasso-experts-claim Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “‘Horrible’ Painting Found by a Junk Dealer Could Be a Picasso Worth $6 Million.” ArtNet. 10/1/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/junk-dealer-picasso-2545786 Kuta, Sarah. “This Shipwreck’s Location Was a Mystery for 129 Years. Then, Two Men Found It Just Minutes Into a Three-Day Search.” Smithsonian. 9/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-shipwrecks-location-was-a-mystery-for-129-years-then-two-men-found-it-just-minutes-into-a-three-day-search-180985165/ Peru murals https://archaeology.org/news/2024/10/01/additional-moche-murals-uncovered-in-peru-at-panamarca/ Leung, Maple. “Team makes distilled wine in replica of bronze vessel found at emperor’s tomb.” MyNews. 12/13/2024. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3290709/team-makes-distilled-wine-replica-bronze-vessel-found-emperors-tomb Feldman, Ella. “Dorothy’s Ruby Slippers From ‘The Wizard of Oz’ Sell for a Record-Breaking $28 Million.” Smithsonian. 12/10/2024. s-from-the-wizard-of-oz-sell-for-a-record-breaking-28-million-180985620/ Tamisiea, Jack. “Hairballs Shed Light on Man-Eating Lions’ Menu.” The New York Times. 10/11/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/11/science/tsavo-lions-man-eating-dna.html Spears, Nancy Marie. “First-ever oral histories of Indian boarding school survivors, collected with care.” ICT. 10/16/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/first-ever-oral-histories-of-indian-boarding-school-survivors-collected-with-care Kuta, Sarah. “Biden Issues a ‘Long Overdue’ Formal Apology for Native American Boarding Schools.” Smithsonian. 10/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/biden-issues-a-long-overdue-biden-formally-apologizes-for-native-american-boarding-schools-180985341/ Schrader, Adam. “A New Monument Confronts the Dark Legacy of Native American Boarding Schools.” ArtNet. 12/13/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/indian-boarding-school-national-monument-2586044 Boucher, Brian. “This Contemporary Artist Will Complete a Missing Scene in the Millennium-Old Bayeux Tapestry.” Artnet. 10/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helene-delprat-complete-bayeux-tapestry-2560937 Reuters. “Ancient Pompeii site uncovers tiny house with exquisite frescoes.” 10/24/2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ancient-pompeii-site-uncovers-tiny-house-with-exquisite-frescoes-2024-10-24/ The History Blog. “Tiny house frescoed like mansion in Pompeii.” 10/25/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/71444 Bowman, Emma. “New DNA evidence upends what we thought we knew about Pompeii victims.” NPR. 11/9/2024. https://www.npr.org/2024/11/08/g-s1-33553/pompeii-dna-evidence-vesuvius-victims Benzine, Vittoria. “Pompeii Experts Back Up Pliny’s Historical Account of Vesuvius Eruption.” ArtNet. 12/13/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/pompeii-pliny-vesuvius-eruption-date-2587228 Willsher, Kim. “‘Bodies were dropped down quarry shafts’: secrets of millions buried in Paris catacombs come to light.” The Guardian. 10/19/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/19/bodies-quarry-shafts-millions-buried-paris-catacombs Kuta, Sarah. “See the Wreck of Ernest Shackleton’s ‘Endurance’ in Astonishing Detail With This New 3D Scan.” Smithsonian. 10/18/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/see-the-wreck-of-ernest-shackletons-endurance-in-astonishing-detail-with-this-new-3d-scan-180985274/ Boucher, Brian. “In a Rare Move, Boston’s Gardner Museum Snaps Up a Neighboring Apartment Building.” ArtNet. 10/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/boston-gardner-museum-buys-apartment-building-2555811 Whipple, Tom. “Letters reveal the quiet genius of Ada Lovelace.” The Times. 6/14/2024. https://www.thetimes.com/uk/history/article/ada-lovelace-letters-shed-light-woman-science-1848-kdztdh9x0 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “This 18th-Century Painting Could Rewrite Black History in Britain.” ArtNet. 10/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/this-18th-century-painting-could-rewrite-black-history-in-britain-2552814 Factum Foundation. “William Blake’s Earliest Engravings.” 2024. https://factumfoundation.org/our-projects/digitisation/archiox-analysing-and-recording-cultural-heritage-in-oxford/william-blakes-earliest-engravings/ Whiddington, Richard. “William Blake’s Earliest Etchings Uncovered in Stunning High-Tech Scans.” ArtNet. 10/23/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/william-blake-earliest-engravings-copper-plates-bodleian-2558053 Kinsella, Eileen. “X-Ray Analysis of Gauguin Painting Reveals Hidden Details… and a Dead Beetle.” ArtNet. 12/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gauguin-little-cat-analysis-van-gogh-museum-2577081 Oster, Sandee. “Archaeologists reveal musical instruments depicted in Zimbabwe's ancient rock art.” Phys.org. 11/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-11-archaeologists-reveal-musical-instruments-depicted.html Niskanen, Niina. “Prehistoric hunter-gatherers heard the elks painted on rocks talking.” EurekAlert. 11/25/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065949 Metcalfe, Tom. “WWII British sub that sank with 64 on board finally found off Greek Island.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/wwii-british-sub-that-sank-with-64-on-board-finally-found-off-greek-island Medievalists.net. “Tudor Sailors’ Bones Reveal Link Between Handedness and Bone Chemistry.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/11/tudor-sailors-bones-reveal-link-between-handedness-and-bone-chemistry/ Benzine, Vittoria. “Astonishing Trove of Rare Roman Pottery Uncovered Beneath Sicilian Waters.” 11/7/2014. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rare-richborough-pottery-underwater-sicily-2565780 Kuta, Sarah. “Divers Recover 300-Year-Old Glass Onion Bottles From a Shipwreck Off the Coast of Florida.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-recover-300-year-old-glass-onion-bottles-from-a-shipwreck-off-the-coast-of-florida-180985358/ Babbs, Verity. “This Sunken Ship May Be the 1524 Wreckage From Vasco da Gama’s Final Voyage.” ArtNet. 11/30/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/sunken-ship-vasco-da-gama-2577760 Roberts, Michael. “Researchers locate WWI shipwreck off Northern Ireland.” PhysOrg. 12/3/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-wwi-shipwreck-northern-ireland.html ACS Newsroom. “New hydrogel could preserve waterlogged wood from shipwrecks.” EurekAlert. 12/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1066769 Dedovic, Yaz. “Bad weather led Dutch ship into Western Australian coast.” EurekAlert. 12/8/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067496 Bassi, Margherita. “1,200 years ago, a cat in Jerusalem left the oldest known evidence of 'making biscuits' on a clay jug.” LiveScience. 8/28/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1-200-years-ago-a-cat-in-jerusalem-left-the-oldest-known-evidence-of-making-biscuits-on-a-clay-jug Oster, Sandee. “Tunisian snail remains provide insights on a possible 7700-year-old local food tradition.” Phys.org. 10/8/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-tunisian-snail-insights-year-local.html Medievalists.net. “Vikings and Indigenous North Americans: New Walrus DNA Study Reveals Early Arctic Encounters.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/10/vikings-and-indigenous-north-americans-new-walrus-dna-study-reveals-early-arctic-encounters/ Billing, Lotte. “Early interactions between Europeans and Indigenous North Americans revealed.” Lund University. Via EurekAlert. 9/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1059638 Bliege Bird, R., Bird, D.W., Martine, C.T. et al. Seed dispersal by Martu peoples promotes the distribution of native plants in arid Australia. Nat Commun 15, 6019 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50300-5 Tutella, Francisco. “Landscape effects of hunter-gatherer practices reshape idea of agriculture.” 10/10/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1060928 aranto, S., Barcons, A.B., Portillo, M. et al. Unveiling the culinary tradition of ‘focaccia’ in Late Neolithic Mesopotamia by way of the integration of use-wear, phytolith & organic-residue analyses. Sci Rep 14, 26805 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78019-9 Brinkhof, Tim. “People Were Making Focaccia Bread 9,000 Years Ago.” ArtNet. 12/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-focaccia-recipe-study-2580239 Ward, Kim. “How MSU is bringing shipwrecked seeds back to life.” MSU Today. 11/6/2024. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2024/how-msu-is-bringing-shipwrecked-seeds-back-to-life Kuta, Sarah. “Seeds That Were Submerged in a Lake Huron Shipwreck for Nearly 150 Years.” Smithsonian. 11/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-are-trying-to-make-whiskey-using-rye-seeds-that-were-submerged-in-a-lake-huron-shipwreck-for-nearly-150-years-180985493/ Tutella, Francisco. “Peaches spread across North America through Indigenous networks.” Penn State. Via EurekAlert. 11/22/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065907 Irish Central Staff. “2000-year-old fig discovered by Irish archaeologists in Dublin.” Irish Central. 11/25/2024. https://www.irishcentral.com/news/archaeologists-fig-drumanagh-dublin Kieltyka, Matt. “Genetic study of native hazelnut challenges misconceptions about how ancient Indigenous peoples used the land.” EurekAlert. 12/5/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067317 Pflughoeft, Aspen. “2,800-year-old bakery — with tools and food remains — uncovered in Germany” Miami Herald. 11/29/2024. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article296316409.html#storylink=cpy Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Traces of 10,000-year-old ancient rice beer discovered in Neolithic site in Eastern China.” Phys.org. 12/9/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-year-ancient-rice-beer-neolithic.html#google_vignette McHugh, Chris. “Medieval origins of Oxford college unearthed.” BBC. 12/15/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd0el584nrvo Morgan Library and Museum. “New Work by Frédéric Chopin Recently Discovered in the Collection of the Morgan Library and Museum.” https://host.themorgan.org/press/Morgan_Chopin_MediaRelease.pdf Henley, Jon. “Remains of man whose death was recorded in 1197 saga uncovered in Norway.” The Guardian. 10/27/2014. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/27/remains-of-man-whose-death-was-recorded-in-1197-saga-uncovered-in-norway Babbs, Verity. “Archaeologists Unearth a 2,000-Year-Old Inscription Honoring an Ancient Wrestler.” ArtNet. 10/26/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-unearth-a-2000-year-old-inscription-honoring-an-ancient-wrestler-2557032 Whiddington, Richard. Amateur Sleuth Uncovers Bram Stoker’s Lost Supernatural Tale—A Precursor to ‘Dracula’?” ArtNet. 11/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/lost-bram-stoker-story-gibbet-hill-found-2557360 British Library. “An unknown leaf from the Poor Clares of Cologne.” Medieval Manuscripts Blog. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2024/12/poor-clares-of-cologne.html Thompson, Karen. “The Incas used stringy objects called 'khipus' to record data—we just got a step closer to understanding them.” Phys.org. 11/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-11-incas-stringy-khipus-closer.html Whiddington, Richard. “An Archaeologist’s 150-Year-Old Message in a Bottle Is Uncovered by Norwegian Researchers.” ArtNet. 11/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-150-year-old-message-uncovered-norwegian-lorange-2572859 Kuta, Sarah. “Read the 132-Year-Old Message in a Bottle Found Hidden Inside the Walls of a Scottish Lighthouse.” Smithsonian. 11/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/read-the-132-year-old-message-in-a-bottle-found-hidden-inside-the-walls-of-a-scottish-lighthouse-180985528/ Benzine, Vittoria. “Professor Translates 2,600-Year-Old Inscription That Linguists Claimed Could Never Be Read.” ArtNet. 11/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/2600-year-old-inscription-decoded-2572494 Alberge, Dalya. “16th-century graffiti of Tower of London prisoners decoded for first time.” The Observer. 12/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2024/dec/01/16th-century-graffiti-of-tower-of-london-prisoners-decoded-for-first-time Oster, Sandee. “Ancient Iberian slate plaques may be genealogical records.” Phys.org. 12/3/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-ancient-iberian-slate-plaques-genealogical.html Robbins, Hannah. “Oldest known alphabet unearthed in ancient Syrian city.” EurekAlert. 11/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065620 Göttingen University. “Press release: Skill and technique in Bronze Age spear combat.” 8/10/2024. https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/3240.html?id=7562 Jackson, Justin. “'Getting high' in Paleolithic hunting: Elevated positions enhance javelin accuracy but reduce atlatl efficiency.” Phys.org. 10/16/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-paleolithic-hunters-benefited-high.html#google_vignette Diamond, L.E., Langley, M.C., Cornish, B. et al. Aboriginal Australian weapons and human efficiency. Sci Rep 14, 25497 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76317-w Langley, Michelle and Laura Diamond. “First-ever biomechanics study of Indigenous weapons shows what made them so deadly.” Phys.org. 10/28/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-10-biomechanics-indigenous-weapons-deadly.html Babbs, Verity. “Rare Portrait of the Last Byzantine Emperor Unearthed in Stunning Greek Find.” ArtNet. 12/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/byzantine-emperor-constantine-xi-fresco-greece-2589737 Nelson, George. “Archeologists Discover Hidden Tomb in Ancient City of Petra and a Skeleton Holding Vessel Resembling Indiana Jones’s ‘Holy Grail’.” 10/22/2024. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/petra-ancient-city-jordan-secret-hidden-tomb-archaeology-1234721828/ Osho-Williams, Olatunji. “Archaeologists in Petra Discover Secret Tomb Hiding Beneath a Mysterious Structure Featured in ‘Indiana Jones’.” Smithsonian. 10/15/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-in-petra-discover-secret-tomb-hiding-beneath-a-mysterious-structure-featured-in-indiana-jones-180985275/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Say This Tiny Amulet Is the Oldest Evidence of Christianity Found North of the Alps.” Smithsonian. 12/19/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-say-this-tiny-amulet-is-the-oldest-evidence-of-christianity-found-north-of-the-alps-180985674/ UCL News. “Stonehenge may have been built to unify the people of ancient Britain.” 12/20/2024. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/dec/stonehenge-may-have-been-built-unify-people-ancient-britain Casey, Michael. “Centuries-old angels uncovered at Boston church made famous by Paul Revere.” Associated Press. 12/24/2024. https://apnews.com/article/boston-old-church-angels-uncovered-paul-revere-4656e86d3f042b8ab8f7652a7301597c Benzine, Vittoria. “Thousands of Stolen Greek Artifacts Just Turned Up in an Athens Basement.” ArtNet. 12/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-greek-artifacts-found-athens-basement-2589662 The History Blog. “Unique 500-year-old wooden shoe found in Netherlands cesspit.” 12/24/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/71988 Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Discover Rare Clay Commander Among Thousands of Life-Size Terra-Cotta Soldiers in China.” Smithsonian. 12/31/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-rare-clay-commander-among-thousands-of-life-size-terra-cotta-soldiers-in-china-180985747/ Gammelby, Peter F. “Water and gruel—not bread: Discovering the diet of early Neolithic farmers in Scandinavia.” Phys.org. 12/20/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-gruel-bread-diet-early-neolithic.html#google_vignette See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Japan's largest steelmaker has brought the U.S. government to court as the latter has blocked the steelmaker's acquisition of an American firm. Why is Nippon Steel so obsessed with a loss-making company? Why would Washington say the deal threatens national security? What implications does a failed acquisition have for those hoping to invest in the U.S.?Host Tu Yun joins William Lee, the Chief Economist at the U.S.-based Milken Institute, Dr. Edward Lehman, the Founder and Managing Director of China-based law firm Lehman, Lee & Xu, and Dr. Zhou Mi, Deputy Director of the Institute of American and Oceania Study, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation for a close look at the issue on this episode of Chat Lounge.

Ken Hammond received his B.A. from Kent State University in History and Political Science. In 1982 he traveled to China and spent the next five years working with American student programs and educational delegations in Beijing. Dr. Hammond received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in History and East Asian Languages in 1994 and has taught at New Mexico State University ever since. He specializes in the history of China in the Early Modern period, especially the 16th century. He has published numerous books and articles on Chinese intellectual and political history, and his book Pepper Mountain: The Life, Death and Posthumous Career of Yang Jisheng, 1516-1555 came out in 2007. In 1999 Dr. Hammond was a research fellow at the Institute of History at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and in 2002-03 he was a visiting fellow at the International Institute for Asian Studies in Leiden, the Netherlands. From 2007 to 2015 he was co-director of the Confucius Institute at New Mexico State. Since 2017 he has been affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. He has been a lecturer for the National Geographic Society and for the Smithsonian Institution in China, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. His latest book, China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future was published in May 2023.Dr. Hammond's current research is on China's historical political economy, especially in the early modern period (900-1800), and on the history of market towns and urban development in China.https://history.nmsu.edu/people/faculty-staff-pages/kenneth-hammond.htmlPLEASE CONSIDER DONATING ONCE OR MONTHLY!https://app.redcircle.com/shows/5bd95...Follow me everywhere:https://linktr.ee/KyleMatovcikTiger Fitness! Use code "KYLE" at checkout!https://www.tigerfitness.com/KyleMFox N' Sons Coffee!Https://www.foxnsons.comUse code KYLE at checkoutGet DEEMED FIT clothing! Use code "SARAHM25" at checkouthttps://deemedfit.co/?ref=bihbnoap&fb...Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/in-liberty-and-health/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

The low-altitude economy is flying high in China. Authorities have introduced policy support, including establishing a Low-Altitude Economy Department and introducing related university majors. How will China's low-altitude economy take shape and unfold in the coming years?Host Ge Anna is joined by Yang Chunsheng Senior vice president of Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) International; Dr. Zhang Fan Associate Professor of Astronomy Department of Beijing Normal University; Dr.Zhou Mi Senior Research Fellow with Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.

Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E241Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your trusted source for the latest in space exploration and astronomical discoveries. I'm your host, Ana, and today we have an intriguing lineup of stories that span Europe's space advancements, lunar mysteries, and groundbreaking theories in astrophysics.Highlights:- European Space Industry Developments: Discover the latest milestones in Europe's space sector, including the successful maiden launch of the Ariane 6 rocket and the triumphant return of the Vega C rocket. Learn about the innovative strides by emerging players like High Empulse and Orbex, and the trend toward reusability led by PLD Space.- Constellation Resource Unveiled: Explore a new digital collection of high-resolution images of all 88 constellations, a collaboration between NSF's NOAR Lab and the European Space Agency. This interactive all-sky map offers educational insights and stunning visuals for stargazers. Check it out here: https://noirlab.edu/public/education/constellations/ - China's Chang'e 6 Lunar Discoveries: Delve into the surprising findings from China's lunar mission, revealing a surge in the Moon's magnetic field strength 2.8 billion years ago. These insights challenge previous assumptions about lunar evolution and highlight the Moon's dynamic history.- Solving the Black Hole Information Paradox: Learn about a potential solution to the black hole information paradox, proposed by researchers at Caltech. Discover how quantum connections might preserve information about matter that falls into black holes, offering a bridge between gravity and quantum mechanics.- Satellite Defense Proposal: Investigate United Launch Alliance's plans to enhance their Vulcan Centaur rocket into a rapid response space defense system. This proposal aims to protect U.S. Space Force satellites with a focus on minimizing space debris.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Sign up for our free Daily newsletter to stay informed on all things space. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Ana signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.00:00 - Astronomy Daily explores major developments in Europe's space industry this year02:29 - A new digital atlas brings together all 88 officially recognized constellations04:39 - Scientists find evidence of unexpected surge in lunar magnetic field strength 2.8 billion years ago06:48 - New study may have uncovered a solution to the black hole information paradox✍️ Episode ReferencesArianespace[Arianespace](https://www.arianespace.com/)High Empulse[High Impulse](https://www.highimpulse.de/)Orbex[Orbex](https://orbex.space/)PLD Space[PLD Space](https://pldspace.com/)NSF's NOIRLab[NOIRLab](https://noirlab.edu/public/)Eckhard Slawic[Eckhard Slawic](https://www.astrofotografie-slawik.com/)International Astronomical Union[IAU](https://www.iau.org/)Chinese Academy of Sciences[Chinese Academy of Sciences](http://english.cas.cn/)Caltech[Caltech](https://www.caltech.edu/)United Launch Alliance[ULA](https://www.ulalaunch.com/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.

In this episode, the team begins with an intriguing discussion concerning a recent discovery by anthropologists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Hawai'i, presenting research on a previously unknown—or, rather, uncategorized— introduction to the human species, H. juluensis.  The team is then joined by Southern Arkansas University archaeologist Dr. Carl Drexler to discuss the enigmatic Caddo culture. Dr. Carl G. Drexler (Station Archeologist) received his Ph.D. from the College of William and Mary in Virginia in 2013. He has been working in Arkansas since 2001 on domestic and military sites, including the battlefield of Pea Ridge. He has worked as an archeologist for the National Park Service, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, and the United States Army. He has field experience in eight states and three foreign countries. Major research interests include conflict archeology, spatial analysis, historical archeology of the U.S. South and Midwest, Cuban archeology, terrestrial and aerial laser scanning (LiDAR), and the history and ethnography of sports in the United States, primarily baseball and hockey. His publications include articles in the SAA Archaeological Record and Arkansas Historical Quarterly, and a book chapter on spatial analysis in conflict archaeology, in addition to a number of reports.  Seven Ages Official Merchandise  Instagram  Facebook  Seven Ages Official Site  Patreon  Seven Ages YouTube  Guest Links  Trowel 'n' Transit Blog   

The Hoover Institution Program on the US, China, and the World held Critical Issues in the US-China Science and Technology Relationship on Thursday, November 7th, 2024 from 4:00 pm - 5:30 pm PT at the Annenberg Conference Room, George P. Shultz Building.  Both the United States and the People's Republic of China see sustaining leadership in science and technology (S+T) as foundational to national and economic security. Policymakers on both sides of the Pacific have taken action to promote indigenous innovation, and to protect S+T ecosystems from misappropriation of research and malign technology transfer. In the US, some of these steps, including the China Initiative, have led to pain, mistrust, and a climate of fear, particularly for students and scholars of and from China. Newer efforts, including research security programs and policies, seek to learn from these mistakes. A distinguished panel of scientists and China scholars discuss these dynamics and their implications. What are the issues facing US-China science and technology collaboration? What are the current challenges confronting Chinese American scientists? How should we foster scientific ecosystems that are inclusive, resilient to security challenges, and aligned with democratic values?  Featuring Zhenan Bao is the K.K. Lee Professor of Chemical Engineering, and by courtesy, a Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Material Science and Engineering at Stanford University. Bao directs the Stanford Wearable Electronics Initiate (eWEAR). Prior to joining Stanford in 2004, she was a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff in Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies from 1995-2004. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1995. Bao is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors. She is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Science. Bao is known for her work on artificial electronic skin, which is enabling a new-generation of skin-like electronics for regaining sense of touch for neuro prosthetics, human-friendly robots, human-machine interface and seamless health monitoring devices. Bao has been named by Nature Magazine as a “Master of Materials”. She is a recipient of the VinFuture Prize Female Innovator 2022, ACS Chemistry of Materials Award 2022, Gibbs Medal 2020, Wilhelm Exner Medal 2018, L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award 2017. Bao co-founded C3 Nano and PyrAmes, which produced materials used in commercial smartphones and FDA-approved blood pressure monitors. Research inventions from her group have also been licensed as foundational technologies for multiple start-ups founded by her students. Yasheng Huang (黄亚生) is the Epoch Foundation Professor of Global Economics and Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He also serves as the president of the Asian American Scholar Forum, a non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting open science and protecting the civil rights of Asian American scientists. Professor Huang is a co-author of MIT's comprehensive report on university engagement with China and has recently contributed an insightful article to Nature on the US-China science and technology agreement. For more information, you can read his recent article in Nature here. Peter F. Michelson is the Luke Blossom Professor in the School of Humanities & Sciences and Professor of Physics at Stanford University. He has also served as the Chair of the Physics Department and as Senior Associate Dean for the Natural Sciences. His research career began with studies of superconductivity and followed a path that led to working on gravitational wave detection. For the past 15 years his research has been focused on observations of the Universe with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, launched by NASA in 2008. He leads the international collaboration that designed, built, and operates the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on Fermi. The collaboration has grown from having members from 5 nations (U.S., Japan, France, Italy, Sweden) to more than 20 today, including members in the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Thailand, South America, and South Africa. Professor Michelson has received several awards for the development of the Fermi Observatory, including the Bruno Rossi Prize of the American Astronomical Society. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has served on a number of advisory committees, including for NASA and various U.S. National Academy of Sciences Decadal Surveys. In 2020-21, he co-directed an American Academy of Arts and Sciences study, Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships, that identified the benefits of international scientific collaboration and recommended actions to be taken to address the most pressing challenges facing international scientific collaborations. Glenn Tiffert is a distinguished research fellow at the Hoover Institution and a historian of modern China. He co-chairs Hoover's program on the US, China, and the World, and also leads Stanford's participation in the National Science Foundation's SECURE program, a $67 million effort authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 to enhance the security and integrity of the US research enterprise. He works extensively on the security and integrity of ecosystems of knowledge, particularly academic, corporate, and government research; science and technology policy; and malign foreign interference.  Moderator Frances Hisgen is the senior research program manager for the program on the US, China, and the World at the Hoover Institution. As key personnel for the National Science Foundation's SECURE program, a joint $67 million effort authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, Hisgen focuses on ensuring efforts to enhance the security and integrity of the US research enterprise align with democratic values, promote civil rights, and respect civil liberties. Her AB from Harvard and MPhil from the University of Cambridge are both in Chinese history.  ​

The China National Space Administration, China Manned Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences released the National Development Program for Space Science. Axiom and Prada shared the flight design of the Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit spacesuit (AxEMU), which will be used for NASA's Artemis III mission. Spire and Mission Control plan to launch a mission to explore the power of artificial intelligence in space, and more. Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Miss an episode? Sign-up for our weekly intelligence roundup, Signals and Space, and you'll never miss a beat. And be sure to follow T-Minus on LinkedIn and Instagram. T-Minus Guest Our guest today is Dan Barstow, Education Mission Specialist at the Association of Space Explorers. You can connect with Dan on LinkedIn, and explore the videos at earthmusictheater.org. Selected Reading China unveils road map to become world leader in space science by 2050 Axiom Suit Mission Control to Advance AI Onboard New Spire Global Satellite- Business Wire Sierra Space Advances Off-World Infrastructure and Sustainability with NASA-Awarded Trash Compaction and Processing System- Business Wire Joint Statement from the Inaugural U.S.-Italy Space Dialogue - United States Department of State NASA Welcomes Estonia as Newest Artemis Accords Signatory NASA Administrator to Visit, Engage Officials in Romania, Bulgaria Goonhilly to boost deep space communications capacity - GOV.UK UK and Canada announce satellite collaboration - GOV.UK Maritime Launch and Reaction Dynamics Driving a Canadian Orbital Launch Solution in the Global Space Economy Direct-to-device satellite services successfully trialed for first time in India by Viasat and BSNL NASA and SANSA Sign Agreement to Establish Antenna Facility for NASA's LEGS Programme at MTJ Site L3Harris Appoints Trane Technologies Chair and CEO Dave Regnery to Board of Directors- Business Wire Zoom into the first page of ESA Euclid's great cosmic atlas T-Minus Crew Survey We want to hear from you! Please complete our 4 question survey. It'll help us get better and deliver you the most mission-critical space intel every day. Want to hear your company in the show? You too can reach the most influential leaders and operators in the industry. Here's our media kit. Contact us at space@n2k.com to request more info. Want to join us for an interview? Please send your pitch to space-editor@n2k.com and include your name, affiliation, and topic proposal. T-Minus is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Finally Fed makes a move (they will not be done jabbering though) Storms heading to Florida and Gulf Coast - Natural gas prices jump COVID Shot Stocks - "fun" while it lasted Confidence is waning..... CHINA! PLUS we are now on Spotify and Amazon Music/Podcasts! Click HERE for Show Notes and Links DHUnplugged is now streaming live - with listener chat. Click on link on the right sidebar. Love the Show? Then how about a Donation? Follow John C. Dvorak on Twitter Follow Andrew Horowitz on Twitter DONATIONS ? Warm-Up - Finally Fed makes a move (they will not be done jabbering though) - Storms heading to Florida and Gulf Coast - Natural gas prices jump - COVID Stocks - "fun" while it lasted - Confidence is waning..... - CHINA! Bazooka Time! Markets - All-Time Highs - Same saying Goldilocks conditions - Seasonality favors the bulls starting next quarter - Uranium starting to move as people warming up to nuclear energy again - Trump Stock on the move Need to Pick a new CTP Exile - A leading economist in China has vanished following critical comments about President Xi Jinping‘s economic policies. - What Happened: Zhu Hengpeng, deputy director at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), was detained after allegedly criticizing Xi in a private WeChat group. Zhu's remarks reportedly included veiled criticisms of Xi's leadership and comments on China's struggling economy, reported The Wall Street Journal on Tuesday. - The investigation into Zhu coincides with the Chinese Communist Party's intensified efforts to suppress negative commentary about the country's economic health. Under Xi, dissent has been increasingly punished, with critics facing imprisonment or exile. - AH would be have cement shoes if this happened in the USA On The Other Hand - CHINA PROP IT UP - China said it will allow institutional investors to tap central bank financing for stock purchases and is weighing plans for a market stabilization fund, sparking the biggest rally since 2020 for the nation's beaten-down equities. - The People's Bank of China will set up a swap facility allowing securities firms, funds and insurance companies to tap liquidity from the central bank to purchase equities - The CSI 300 Index, a benchmark of onshore Chinese stocks, surged 4.3% to cap its best day since July 2020. In Hong Kong, a gauge of Chinese shares was up more than 5% intraday. - MCHI up 8%, FXI up 8.5%, YINN (3X) up 25% M&A FOLLOW UP - Buyout firms Vista Equity Partners and Blackstone are in advanced talks to acquire Smartsheet, in a deal that could value the collaboration-software maker at close to $8 billion, people familiar with the matter said on Monday. - NEWS: Collaboration software maker Smartsheet on Tuesday announced it would be acquired by Blackstone and Vista Equity Partners in an all-cash deal which valued the company at $8.4 billion. THE FED - Cuts rates by 0.50% -- Seems to have been looking to appease markets - Initial reaction was blah... Unwinding of positions put on right before the decision - Next day stocks soared - “The Committee has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent, and judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals are roughly in balance,” the Federal Reserve statement said. - Last time Fed cut rates was COVID days , time before that was Financial Crisis of 2008 - The federal funds rate is now a range between 4.75%-5% Meanwhile - Consumer confidence in September suffers largest decline since August 2021 - The key takeaway from the report is that consumers' views of the current labor market situation continued to soften and became more pessimistic about future labor market conditions -- a sentiment that could weigh on consumer spending activity. ---- The Present Situation Index dropped to 124.3 from an upwardly revised 134.6 (from 134.4) in August.

Baobabs are sometimes called the "tree of life" with their thick trunks, crown of branches and flowers that only open at twilight. But theories about their geographic origin was divided among three places: the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa, the Kimberley region of western Australia and the dry forests of the island nation of Madagascar. To solve this mystery, a global research team led by scientists at the Wuhan Botanical Garden at the Chinese Academy of Sciences examined high-quality genomic data from all eight baobab species. Have another origin story you want us to cover? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy