Lead a Horse to Water

We consider your questions on:Hunter training- balance and moreChoice vs Structure in trainingListening to horsesReinforcers failingTechniques we stole from dog trainersX-species training

If you didn't catch the webinar you can do so at this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd-rr-4HLVYThanks to those who asked some brilliant questions.

In my equine scent work session with Rum this week, I made a mistake that really highlighted the need for an errorless approach. He indicated on the wrong container, the blank without odour (in theory) and my instinct, was to offer no reinforcement, and redirect him to the search. Not really an errorless approach. In an errorless framework, we don't let the learner practise mistakes. Instead, we set up the training so they always have a clear path to success. In scent work, that means making the right choice easy and reinforcing it well, while using free food to reset if they make an unexpected response. When Rum got it ‘wrong,' the real error was mine, my container was potentially contaminated. I should have dropped food to reset and adjusted the setup to prevent it happening again. It's about guiding the learner rather than correcting them, so they're always working in a space where success is inevitable.trudi@equine.training if you have questionsPlease recommend the podcast, share it and like it.

In this episode my friend and colleague Katrina Per-Carruthers unpick some training fails and discuss solutions that are horse centred.Mounting block problems, fence refusal and unwillingness to go forward were in our sights this time. If you have topics you'd like us to cover then do drop me a message.Katrina Per-Carruthers lives in British Columbia, Canada where she trains a variety of species. Katrina has been a coach for over 15 years and is a passionate advocate for the use of humane training methods to improve animal welfare.Find Katrina here:https://www.instagram.com/leviosaequinehttps://www.facebook.com/leviosaequinehttps://www.leviosaequine.com/

I don't always recommend clicker training as a first option when I start working with a new client. Why? Well take a listen as I talk through a specific example and explain ways that I might add some R+ based training without the pressure of the trainer carrying food and having to be great at timing and mechanics.How do I square this with working inside a LIMA framework?As always questions and comments are welcome!Email me at trudi@equine.training

The topic of male horses 'dropping' when training with food (clicker training) has reared its head again- I'm glad because it is a topic we need to consider. In this short episode I will explain (again) why I don't think we should brush this topic under the carpet! Warning- I talk about penises in this episode. If you want help with your horse dropping or over threshold when training with food- get in touch, trudi@equine.training or www.equine.training

In this episode Dr. Katerina Junghansova (Kate) and I chat about cooperative care for horses. Kate is an equine veterinarian, lifelong equestrian, animal lover, and the founder of an educational project called VetCareTraining. Her mission is to promote safe, and ethical horse handling and training. She is really passionate about equine cooperative care, and she thinks it´s the future of equine health care. In her project, she offers online courses and individual online consultations. She also teaches clinics and seminars focused on helping horse owners, as well as equine professionals, handle horses in an easier, safer, more effective, and more ethical way during daily care, veterinary or husbandry procedures, and other real-life situations.  Find Kate: Insta Threads Facebook YouTube

In this final short episode on target training I delve a little deeper into how and when I use targets in my training. Questions? Comments? Drop me a message or email trudi@equine.training

The third (hop back and listen to the first two if you haven't yet) in the clicker training targets mini series. In this one I discuss when I use targets in my training from cognitive enrichment to training movement. If you want to learn how to train in this way then join me on my accredited professional trainer course in 2025 ⁠https://courses.understandhorses.com/courses/horse-trainer-foundation-certificate⁠ Drop me any questions trudi@equine.training

The second (hop back and listen to the first if you haven't yet) in the clicker training targets mini series. In this one I discuss planning and setting up the behaviour- essential for all training. If you want to learn how to train in this way then join me on my accredited professional trainer course in 2025 https://courses.understandhorses.com/courses/horse-trainer-foundation-certificate Drop me any questions trudi@equine.training

My Understand Horses Trainer's course https://courses.understandhorses.com/courses/horse-trainer-foundation-certificate My IAABC Foundation course https://iaabcfoundation.org/courses/equine-discomfort-ethogram/ My IAABC Foundation Journal article on targets https://journal.iaabcfoundation.org/target-training-for-horses-hit-or-miss/

In this episode I talk to Chess about her journey with Gambit her young Exmoor pony. I met them when she needed help with his behaviour and the two have been a real joy to work with. My new accredited trainer course is now live at Understand Horses https://courses.understandhorses.com/courses/horse-trainer-foundation-certificate Check out my IAABC Foundation course here https://iaabcfoundation.org/courses/equine-cooperative-care/

In this episode Jessie Sams and I finally got around to talking to her about her life and work with horses and other topics like a biopsychosocial model, the 3 C's of communication, choice and consent (with Emily Kieson) , compassion for human horse carers and lots more. Jessie Sams is an animal behaviour consultant with a degree in Animal Behaviour and Welfare Science from the University of Greenwich. She's currently a Provisional member with the APBC and is working towards her certification as a Clinical Animal Behaviourist. Jessie has a wealth of experience with horses, having worked with showjumpers and racehorses, and now focuses on using consent-based approaches and trauma-informed care to improve animal-human relationships. You can find Jessie on https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100088499575807 and her and Emily Kieson's work at https://equineintl.org/ https://medwinpublishers.com/IZAB/a-preliminary-investigation-of-preferred-affiliative-interactions-within-and-between-select-bonded-pairs-of-horses-a-first-look-at-equine-love-languages.pdfhttps://medwinpublishers.com/IZAB/a-preliminary-investigation-of-preferred-affiliative-interactions-within-and-between-select-bonded-pairs-of-horses-a-first-look-at-equine-love-languages.pdf

Are science based or evidence based titles a good idea? How do we feel about science, especially in light of the recent dog study. Does science absolutely support R+ based/clicker training? How science has made me cross and how I'm learning to cut more slack! Heads up my Horse Trainer Foundation Certificate Course (accredited by Rural Skills) will be coming online in 2025, details will be released by Understand Horses very soon!

It will come as no big surprise that intentionally combining positive and negative reinforcement isn't something I'm huge on. I was surprised to hear experts/academics lack of understanding regarding things like shaping and backchaining and reducing reinforcement without frustration. It's a bit ranty :)

As a young horse trainer I was very aware of creating situations where the horse could 'guess' the behaviour- we called it anticipation. Back in those days I didn't know about using reward based training but anticipation was a great way to create a willing and enthusiastic horse. Sadly some of the old ways haven't been passed on- in some cases that's a good thing, in others I think it means we lose a little of the common horse sense. Join me in considering how we can motivate horses and be better trainers.

Videos showing behaviour professionals sitting out bucks and rears gain thousands of likes, why? Above all other areas of equestrianism shouldn't behaviour be seen for what it really is and not used as a social media magnet? Or maybe I'm old and jaundiced!

We owe every animal in our care the ability to know how to interact with our world and us. That requires some basic training. I rarely see the basics done well or even at all. My courses at www.understandhorses.com and www.iaabcfoundation.org

I've had a tiring few weeks and my poor brain and body hurt. How might it feel for our horses when they are tired and we ask them to perform behaviours when training? Taking note of changes in behaviour might help us spot problems early. This is part 1 of my summer shorts 2024, if you have questions you'd like answering in another short episode message me!

This time on the podcast I'm joined by friend and colleague Dr Robin Foster. For a very long time I've wanted to dip into Panksepp's work on emotions, which in some small way has been adopted by the clicker training world, and finally I got to chat with Robin. We STILL didn't get to valence...I think another chat is needed soon. I hope you enjoy Robin's this thought provoking chat. Robin Foster has a PhD in Animal Behavior and is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB), Certified Equine Behavior Consultant (CEBC) and Certified Fear Free Professional. After 20 years as full professor of Psychology at the University of Puget Sound, Robin retired but continued teaching and conducting research. Courses Robin teaches include an online graduate course in Applied Equine Behavior at Virgina Tech, an undergraduate course in the Behavior of Zoo Animals at the University of Washington, and a certificate course in Advanced Equine Behavior at the University of Guelph. Robin's research explores equine social behavior and cognition and horse-human interactions. She also serves as a research advisor for MSc and PhD students. Robin's Website Links that Robin references: We (Still!) Need to Talk About Valence: Contemporary Issues and Recommendations for Affective Science | Affective Science (springer.com) Three Pillars for the Neural Control of Appetite | Annual Reviews Affective Neuroscience Theory and Personality: An Update - PubMed (nih.gov)

In this episode I was again joined by the fabulous Heather McManamy of Equus Integratus. Our focus was on bridleless riding but the skills we discuss go so much deeper than riding. Heather shares some great resources on her website https://equusintegratus.com/ on Facebook and Instagram Articles and videos can be found here https://equusintegratus.com/resources/videosarticles/

In this episode I had the great pleasure of talking to Annabel Holmes, The Equine Ecologist a mum, ecologist and passionate horsewoman based in the Cotswolds. Growing up on a nature reserve in Suffolk, Annabel later went on to study Ecology, starting her career splitting her time between a feed company, and later in agricultural botany during the holidays. After university, while working in ecological consultancy and conservation, she turned her studies back to horses, to study equine behaviour and nutrition. Soon after having her baby (now a wild toddler), she combined her expertise and creativity to help horse owners manage their properties more sustainably. Drawing from ecological habitat management, permaculture and horse keeping methods growing in popularity, she now offers consultancy services from design to long term land management plans for all types of yards. Horses are a key part of the British countryside, and their positive effects on the land are undermined by management techniques that don't always benefit horses either. Taking steps towards a more sustainable management style can have impressive effects on horses, benefiting health, training and development. For owners, this can result in more time to do what you want, and long term cost savings. For more information, follow Equine Ecologist, Annabel Holmes on social media, or visit www.EquineEcologist.co.uk For her upcoming events and courses: https://www.equineecologist.co.uk/services Annabel mentioned Soilscapes soil typefinder during the podcast: https://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/

In this episode I am thrilled to talk wild and feral horses with the wonderful Samantha (Sam) Couper PhD. We delve into Sam's back story right up to her present day training with her own horses and her work as a behaviour consultant. Sam is Board Chair of the Onaqui Catalogue Foundation, a group dedicated to compiling citizen observations of the Onaqui wild horses in Utah, USA, in the pursuit of research and public education. With the foundation, Sam teaches a course on wild horses at the University of Utah three times a year. Sam ended a career in Materials Science to pursue education about wild horse behaviour and to become a full time behaviour consultant. Where to find Samantha Couper PhD: https://equineabcs.com https://onaquicatalogue.org https://www.youtube.com/@onaquiwildhorsesutahusa3122 https://www.facebook.com/equineabcs https://www.instagram.com/equineabcs https://www.tiktok.com/@equineabcs

In this episode I chat to Polly Smeath about rope halters and controlling horses when leading. Polly has an extensive background in the world of horses, a passion that has woven throughout her life since childhood. Born into a family with a history of racehorses, Polly's earliest memories include a vivid encounter with a tall, dark brown horse at the age of two. Her journey as a "pony mad youngster" began at the age of nine, marked by a memorable fall from a skewbald pony named Star Trek, who had been rescued with severe laminitis.   Undeterred by challenges, Polly persevered through early riding school experiences, determined to regain her confidence and with time spent at Anne Cory's yard, where she was exposed to her gentle lunging methods and innovative ideas about fitness regimes Polly flourished and after she followed the working pupil route at Oldencraig Equestrian Centre and then received a  bursary from the Leonardo Da Vinci foundation that took her to Denmark for training, an experience that influenced her deeply despite witnessing some unsettling practices.   Upon returning, Polly, now a mother, started forming her own opinions on horse care. Throughout her career, she has gravitated towards rehabilitating horses in need, focusing on understanding and connecting with them. Today, she primarily works in hoof care, specialising in helping horses express themselves and be heard, embodying a philosophy of awareness, lightness, and softness in her approach. Find Polly via the UK clicker training group on Facebook or get in touch with me and I can put you in touch.

Sooz Foster joins me again and this time we're talking self control. We consider horses and dogs, whether they can have self-control and how we can build build patterns to help. You can find Sooz these days at https://soozdogtraining.co.uk/ or come and join me training at her new club https://www.dreamsdogclub.co.uk/ Or catch us both presenting at Understand Horses Live in July https://www.understandhorses.com/understand-horses-live

I was thrilled to be able to talk to Dr Eduardo J Fernandez on the podcast. Not only is he an amazing applied behaviour researcher but he is great at putting some of the more technical definitions into easy to understand terminology. Our discussion centres around training as enrichment but there were also some rabbit holes and side stories that we delved into. Eduardo J. Fernandez is a Senior Lecturer of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare in the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Adelaide (Australia). He received his Ph.D. in Psychology (minors in Neuroscience and Animal Behavior) from Indiana University, where he worked with the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoo. He received his M.S. in Behavior Analysis from the University of North Texas, where he founded the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals (ORCA). Most of his past and current work involves behavioral research applied to the welfare and training of zoo, aquarium, and companion animals. His past positions include a Visiting Professorship in the Psychology Department at Seattle Pacific University, a Visiting Professorship in the School of Behavior Analysis at the Florida Institute of Technology, an Affiliate Assistant Professorship in the Psychology Department at the University of Washington, a Research Fellowship with Woodland Park Zoo, and a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. While working with UW and the Woodland Park Zoo, he started the Behavioral Enrichment Animal Research (BEAR) group, which conducted welfare research with many of the species and exhibits located throughout the zoo. He currently runs the Operant Welfare Lab (OWL), which is dedicated to the use of learning principles to improve the lives of animals. OWL is also part of the broader Animal Behaviour, Welfare, and Anthrozoology Lab (ABWAL; abwal.com). Many of Eduardo's past publications, research projects, and presentations can be found on his ResearchGate profile: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo-Fernandez-27 Some of the studies/reviews that we mention can be found below and are open access. You can contact Dr Fernandez at: eduardo.fernandez@adelaide.edu.au Fernandez, E. J. (2022). Training as enrichment: A critical review. Animal Welfare, 31(1), 1-12. Fernandez, E. J., & Martin, A. L. (2021). Animal training, environmental enrichment, and animal welfare: A history of behavior analysis in zoos. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens, 2(4), 531-543. Fernandez, E. J. (2020). Training petting zoo sheep to act like petting zoo sheep: An empirical evaluation of response-independent schedules and shaping with negative reinforcement. Animals, 10(7), 1122.

In this episode I had a fabulous chat with Heather. We had aimed to look at what draws people to more 'glamorous' 'from different world' trainers but it turned into a wonderful introspective (well certainly for me, I hope Heather enjoyed it too). We ask how to be credible. What are our insecurities How to collaborate and build connections. If you are a trainer, a coach, a consultant, a business woman, a horse lover...this one is for you. Heather helps horses and people learn to be comfortable with healthcare procedures using positive reinforcement training. She also help horses and riders with getting started under saddle, as well as ways to help develop confidence with riding. In her own words she's a failed traditional horsewoman. She understands traditional skills and methodologies, and how and why they work, but after thirty years working with horses she did not have the kind of success she has now with positive reinforcement training. She have had Fibromyalgia for nearly 40 years. This has given her deep insight into how chronic pain and fatigue affects all aspects of life, for people and animals. It's because of this that she's been drawn to study neuroscience, behavior, biomechanics, and so forth. Her life experiences with neurodivergence (because, she says, she has a weird brain) and chronic illness have given her some really strong opinions on the one-size-fits-all approach in American culture, and in the equestrian industry in general, particularly with respect to learning. Heather is on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/equusintegratus and her website: https://equusintegratus.com

In this final (for now) episode on cues I look at transferring cues which is great if you want to tidy up your complex cues or change your original cue for something more appropriate. Please share these short episodes and let me know if you've tried any of my suggestions for improving your cues!

What to choose as a cue? Physical, verbal, tactile? What is clear, easy to use, easy to replicate?

Becky Baylis is one of my fave students, we talk in this episode about a session that felt quite sticky at the start but ended well. Do you know when it might be acceptable to push on a little further? Should we always stop at the first sign of resistance? It's definitely a training conundrum. Find Becky and our shared events in 2024 at https://littlegreenstables.com/

Discrimination Knowing what to do to get reinforced- the best friend of stimulus control (part 3) and discriminative stimulus (part 2). How can you help your horse know what a cue means? Please enjoy and share, Trudi

Stimulus Control In this third short on my continuing theme of cues I'm looking at how 'clean' our cues are. Stimulus control is an essential part of developing cues, it helps us create a clear language that reduces the chances of frustration. I share the 4 criteria of stimulus control and what we need to consider right from the get go in terms of cues.

What to do when? Does your horse know? Do you think you know what your cues are? Does your horse agree? This short episode builds on the previous and looks at the idea of a discriminative stimulus- do you know what your SD is and does your horse agree?

I've done cues before but have we ever 'done' cues...this is the first part of a deep dive into cues. Send me questions and thoughts to trudi@equine.training and share this episode with your friends. More soon, Trudi

What to do when things go wrong with targets and how to train a follow target, great questions sent in by a listener.

Failure is scary, so much that we might allow failure to stop us doing what we enjoy (horse training). Be brave, embrace the fear!

Reducing anxiety by playing with the temporal gap (aka what I call temporal tinkering) needs shaping the same as every behaviour. In this summer short I answer a question or two posed by one of my current course students. If you have any questions drop me a message or email trudi@equine.training

Can labels be useful in horse training? Labels are used everywhere in life and often to the detriment of the label wearer. Take a listen to this short episode and drop me a message if you have ideas for future episodes.

In this, my second Summer Short episode, I consider how we can know if something is awesome or BS and does it matter as long as you and your horse are happy and healthy? Might be a bit controversial but I opened my mouth and out came me! Ideas for other Summer Shorts can be emailed trudi@equine.training

In this, my first Summer Short episode, I look at the human side of the training equation. Training can take it's toll on both sides of the learning partnership and I often address this for our horse/dog but this time it's all about the human. How can you reduce your own stress and lack of motivation. Ideas for other Summer Shorts can be emailed trudi@equine.training

In this episode I chat to Karen Luke about her most recent study linking horse welfare and behaviour with rider safety and satisfaction. Karen is a lifelong horse enthusiast and horse owner who is currently completing a PhD where she is investigating the relationship between horse welfare, rider safety and rider satisfaction. She has expertise in ridden horse behaviour and training and has authored several published papers on these topics. Karen regularly presents at conferences and workshops on the topics of ridden horse welfare, horse training and rider safety. She is also interested in what motivates equestrians and helping riders develop practices that maximise their enjoyment of riding while at the same time making riding fun for their horse. Karen's study- here is the link to "New insights into ridden horse behaviour, horse welfare and horse-related safety": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159121003269 Karen's website with links to all her studies https://justequestriansolutions.com/ Karen's Twitter https://twitter.com/K_L_Luke

Do you have shaping issues? It's an intense element of our training with horses, part art and part technique. Do you reward the slightest try and feel that your behaviours are getting nowhere? Perhaps you get frustrated and cross with yourself. Enjoy this episode and please share it with your friends. Find my courses via trudidempsey.carrd.co and my website www.equine.training

Sooz Foster and I whizz through our thoughts in a taster episode on shaping. Check out our courses at understandhorses.com and find me at www.equine.training and Sooz at soozequine.co.uk

In this episode I talk about the awesome Understand Horses Live and my less stress workshop in the summer as well as answering questions on wearing your 'brave pants' and why horses may continue to 'mug' you. I close with a quick look at reward prediction error. You can find all my courses, my website, Ko-fi and social media accounts via trudidempsey.carrd.co For those wanting to read about reward prediction error this is a great place to start https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826767/

In this episode I chat to Gabriel Carreira Lencioni about his love of horses and his recent projects looking at pain assessment in horses. Gabriel recently graduated as a Veterinarian from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, where he took part in research groups on animal behaviour and welfare and developed a project on automated pain assessment in horses (you can read about it here https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0258672 ) . Gabriel is an IAABC Certified Horse Behaviour Consultant and Certified Fear Free Elite Professional (Dogs/cats and horses). You can find his scientific dissemination project on Instagram about Horse and Dog behaviour @gabriel.lenc ioni.bea We discussed this review that Gabriel was also part of and released this year https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361417985_Going_Deeper_than_Tracking_a_Survey_of_Computer-Vision_Based_Recognition_of_Animal_Pain_and_Affective_States My IAABC course https://iaabcfoundation.org/courses/equine-discomfort-ethogram/ Understand Horses courses https://courses.understandhorses.com/

In this episode I was joined by the wonderful Cheryl Kolus. From Colorado, USA, Cheryl is a veterinarian who specialised in behaviour, working with shelter animals (primarily cats) and with pet owners to help them better understand their dogs and cats and manage or resolve unwanted behaviors in their pets. She and her colleagues even published research on cat clicker training. Although no longer in clinical practice, Cheryl remains passionate about animal behaviour and welfare and is always looking for learning opportunities in those fields. She is a Karen Pryor Academy Certified Training Partner, served on the board of the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior, and is a member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants and the International Society for Equitation Science. Cheryl has been riding horses since she was about 12 years old, mostly doing once-a-week lessons with periods of a few years here and there where she was lucky enough to ride more often and compete on others' horses. Although most of her clicker training experience has been with cats and dogs, including teaching puppy and cat training classes, she actually first learned of clicker training through reading Alexandra Kurland's book on clicker training horses about 20 years ago and has presented locally on equine clicker training. Last year, Cheryl finally purchased her first horse, an off-track thoroughbred mare, Cheerio, and she is enjoying clicker training Cheerio and her baby, who is now a yearling. Here is the clicker training research article that Cheryl was part of https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/7/10/73/htm Here is a link to Cheryl's YouTube channel, it has some cat training tutorials (and she's hoping to eventually add some cooperative care videos with her mare, Cheerio): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtY2iVhf64P7MeWfC2S8ZvA/videos And CLICK's YouTube channel - most of these videos show shelter cats clicker training but mainly they are to promote the adoption of the cat, so sometimes they just show the cat's personalities through petting and playing. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4lMSdccsod13dnSaQXVsBg/videos

Sooz joins me for a natter about our recent live workshops. We hit some big topics Including the ethics of novice clicker trainers! Of course we return to our favourite topic, reinforcement routines, and much more. You can find Sooz Foster CHBC AAB for dog training at https://www.tarkadogtraining.co.uk and for horses at https://www.soozequine.co.uk Join me at ko-fi.com/leadahorsetowater for Trudi's Training, a private group where I share my training and lots more.

Welcome to Season 3! A new season of interviews, deep dives into training and behaviour and some giggles when Sooz joins me! In this short episode I consider the greats that went before me and wonder why women often look to men for coaching. If you would like to support the podcast I have created a Ko-fi account where you can come and join me as I look at my students and personal training strategies. Weekly training information will be added with voice over or annotated description. All for a £10 a month membership. Come and join me https://ko-fi.com/leadahorsetowater

Science continues to inform us about the nature of horses and old accepted ideas of herd leader (alpha stallion and mare) have been reconsidered. This is not a scientific stroll but a practical chatty episode about horses exhibiting behaviours that might be considered as 'leadership' qualities or dominance along with the assumption that there is a 'pecking order' in horse herds.  Thanks to Jo and her enquiring mind for the great question. Equitation Science position statement on misuse of leadership and dominance in training

In this episode I talk about the last day with my lovely Moralejo (Moo). If this subject could be difficult for you PLEASE don't listen. If this episode helps anyone then Moo and I will have given one last service to horses and their carers. Love to you all, take care of yourselves. For help with end of life decisions this is a good starting point https://www.equine-endoflife.co.uk/end-of-life-options/planned-euthanasia/

This episode is a meander through the concept of being kind to each other. In the world of horses there can often be conflict and it has lead me, in the past, to be less kind to the human in the horse-human partnership. I try to do better and we could probably all do better and with this in mind I ramble through some wonderful responses to a recent social media question I posed about how to be kind. I mention the wonderful Andrea Harrison in the podcast and especially her gratitude project for which I am truly, well, grateful! Links to my upcoming course at Understand Horses and a live in person weekend workshop in June in Taunton can be found below: https://courses.understandhorses.com/courses/Train-with-Trudi-custom-coaching https://www.tickettailor.com/events/trudidempseyequineevents/652682 https://heartequineacademycourses.com/courses/73/about