Climate Talks by Porto Protocol

This Climate Talk is a Business Edition, in which we explore how sustainability and profitability can go hand in hand, through the voices and best practices of different representatives of the wine trade, such as importers, distributors, retailers and traders. Steven Campbell (from Campbell Kind Wines), Melissa Monti Saunders, Master of Wine (from Communal Brands) and Dom de Ville (from The Wine Society) talk about embracing Sustainability, social impact, packaging, and the benefits in the long term. More information here Also available on YouTube

Dans le contexte du changement climatique, les cépages jouent un rôle important dans les solutions adaptation. Sachant que selon l'OIV, il existe 6000 cépages et que 13 d'entre eux couvrent le tiers des vignobles, est-il nécessaire de considérer les hybrides? Alors que certains ont la certitude que les hybrides vont jouer un rôle positif dans le futur, d'autres prônent l'exploration des cépages existants et de leurs clones ainsi que des recherches plus avancées sur les porte-greffe. INVITÉE Michelle Boufard - Tasting Climate Change - Canada Lilian Bérillon - Pepiniere Berillon - France Yiannis Paraskevopoulos - Gaia Wines - Greece Michael Marler - Vignobles Pervenches - Canada

This Climate Talk was hosted by Mimi Casteel from Hope Well Wine with Claudia Kammann from Hochschule Geisenheim University, Hans-Peter Schmidt from Ithaka Institute and Antoine Lespès from Domaine LAFAGE as guest speakers. INTRODUCTION In the ever-expanding ocean of sustainability technologies, you have undoubtedly heard the term biochar. Once relegated to fringe-conversations, biochar has now gained a strong foothold in mainstream academic and applied research, and its use is being studied for everything from climate change mitigation to restoration of soil carbon stores, recovery of soil structure, nutrient cycles and function, soil remediation and detoxification applications, bioenergy production, and more. Biochar is a specific form of charcoal produced through pyrolysis, which is the conversion of organic materials (biomass) under very high temperatures (greater than 500*C) to black carbon in the absence of oxygen. This form of Carbon is incredibly durable and resistant to decomposition that it can be a long-term storage form of Carbon in soils. The production techniques used in making biochar are commensurate with its potential benefits, and anyone considering biochar should become fluent in the best practices for its production. However, given the almost unfathomable sources of feedstocks, from animal manures to thinning of forest biomes for fire mitigation, to crop residues, biochar is a very exciting topic and its potential benefits in the climate crisis are myriad. For farmers and land managers, biochar is exciting for a number of reasons, which we will get into deeply today. Its alkalinity can naturally lower acidic soil pH, can help hold soluble positively charged cations like Calcium and Potassium, it can decrease soil bulk density in compacted soils, increase aggregation, aeration, reduce leaching, bind and sequester toxins, and perhaps most importantly (at least to me), biochar has an unparalleled potential in the campaign to rehydrate soils most at risk for desertification. I've seen this benefit myself, and I am really looking forward to exploring all of these topics with our panel of experts. WATCH

Wine is first and foremost an agricultural product, extremely vulnerable to climate change. Its impact is being experienced by vintners in a variety of ways, as extreme weather events, from droughts to heat waves, from out of season hail to floods, are impacting yields, phenology, wine quality and taste and vines health. Harvests have been lost and new regions have arisen because of it. But just as wine production is affected by a changing climate it also contributes to enhance it in a variety of ways, may it be through the choice of packaging, viticulture practices or transportation. In this Climate Talk we'll seek to understand how key education institutions around the world are changing their curriculums to prepare a new breath of future vintners, viticulturists, and wine business managers to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to address the new reality they will encounter and ultimately protect the wine industry. GUESTS: Hans Reiner Schultz, President at the Geisenheim University / Germany Jeremy Cukierman, MW and Director at Kedge Wine School / France Dario Cantù, Professor and Chair at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at UCDAVIS; Executive director of the UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center/ USA and Chile HOST: Greg Jones / Abacela winery / USA (Climatologist and former-Professor at Lindfield College)

In this podcast episode, you will listen to Anna Brittain (MD at Napa Green), Marja Aho (Sustainability Manager at Alko Oy) and Polly Hammond (MD and Founder 5Forests) representing 3 different stakeholders with tremendous experience in sustainability in wine to share their expertise and experience with the audience. This panel was part of the hybrid event at the Instituto Politécnico de Viseu on December 13th, where we presented the results of a study in partnership with 5 wine regions that represent in total 38% of Portugal's wine (volume and area), that resulted into an "immersion" into sustainability in these wine regions. We spoke and got to know dozens of wine and grape producers, their practices (the sustainable and not-so-sustainable ones), their challenges, and their needs to, ultimately, bring together a characterization of the status of sustainability in these regions and routes to prepare a sustainable development path for the future. We also invite you to see the documentary on our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPyUNJPJY2Y

This Climate Talk is a Research Edition, dedicated to the work generated by academia. We counted with different experts and researchers from distinct European Universities, who will share the result of different studies, carried out from different perspectives, around the world of vineyard microbes. We seek to understand how our practices influence the health of our vineyards, the environment, and the wine, exploring the structure, function and management of the vineyard microbiome. It took place in the form of a hybrid event, with a live audience of students from UTAD (Trás-os-Mosntes University). HOST Tom Croghan, The Vineyards ad Dodon / USA GUESTS Kees Van Leeuwen, Bordeaux University's Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin / France Andreia Figueiredo, Science Faculty of Lisbon University / Portugal Alex Gobbi, University of Copenhagen / Denmark

In this Climate Talk, the words reduce, reuse and rethink will be on top of the discussion. We'll explore why and how a circular approach can provide the way for (wine) companies to establish waste management initiatives for inorganic and organic waste that enable them to close the loop. Our guests and host will share practical examples to help us understand how to apply circular economy in our daily practices, reduce waste streams in the wine industry and rethink the way we approach the word “waste”. HOST: Marta Juega / Alliance Wine / UK GUESTS: Michele Manelli / Salcheto / Tuscany, Italy Patricia Berardi / Textura Wines / Serra da Estrela, Portugal Stephanie Barger / Zero Waste / True Certification / California, USA

Global wine consumption has not been steady, but the risks associated to climate change have grown significantly. Consequently, so have the number of discerning drinkers looking for evidence of a sustainable approach from their favorite wines. Retailers are a key stakeholder of the wine value chain. They can impact, even determine, the entire supply chain, from production to bottling choices, from logistics to transportation and, therefore, the climate impact of a wine. But ultimately, the most effective pressure for change is likely to come from consumers, who are being bombarded with Climate Change reality and calls to action way before reaching a supermarket shelf. This puts retailers in a unique position to educate and influence them in their so-called FMOT (First Moment of Truth), that is, in the 3-5 seconds time span in which they take their ultimate purchasing decision. This virtual round table is about understanding how the retail industry is playing its role as part of the solution to mitigate the wine industry's climate impact, influencing consumers and producers alike. GUESTS: Marcus Ihre / Systembolaget (Sweden) - www.systembolaget.se/ Carmel Kilcline MW / Marks & Spencer (UK) - www.marksandspencer.com Scot Case / National Retail Federation (USA) HOST: Marta Mendonça / Porto Protocol - www.portoprotocol.com/

The use of grazing animals in vineyards seems to be of increasing interest and use around the globe. The information available indicates that it is a vineyard management tool that finds compatibility with regenerative, organic, and biodynamic farming practices. This discussion will focus on the many benefits to this technique of vineyard management. You will gain information from vineyard managers about their experiences and the reasons for their choice of animals and the how and why they integrated this tool into their vineyards along with results of their decisions. Finally, we'll discuss how animals enhance carbon sequestration, soil health and biodiversity and offer reduction in the use of herbicides and chemicals. This is a unique opportunity to learn about and understand this growing trend that has been around for centuries and pose questions to our guests from around the world. GUESTS: - Kelly Mulville. USA - Paicines Ranch (California) - https://paicinesranch.com/ - Lígia Santos. Portugal - Caminhos Cruzados (Dão) - https://caminhoscruzados.net/ - Johan Reyneke. ZA – Reyneke wines (Stellenbosch)- reynekewines.co.za HOST: - Tom Croghan. USA – The Vineyard at Dodon (Maryland) - https://www.dodonvineyards.com/

This Climate Talk is dedicated to sharing different practices that make a winery more efficient and less impactful from an environmental standpoint, exploring topics such as the choice of building materials, solar exposure, energy and water management of and waste minimization. As usual, we will have excellent guests, who will share several of their experiences, from the construction of a LEED building and the challenges behind its certification, to the use of alternative building materials (hemp) as a smart solution for a winery, to the balance as a whole between efficiency, environment and quality in wine production. HOST - Wendy Cameron (University of Melbourne and a member of our Expert Panel) GUESTS - Hugo Azevedo – Symington family Estates - Portugal https://pt.symington.com/- Robert Eden Chateau Maris - France - https://chateaumaris.com/- Victoria Gonzalez- Gordon (Gonzalez Byass) - Spain - https://gonzalezbyass.com/en-gb- Sion Bra- Gordon - Lawsons Dry Hills - New Zealand - https://lawsonsdryhills.co.nz/

This Climate Talk is moving past the “low-hanging fruit” and reaching for the stars – showcasing wine bottle reuse. The bottle accounts for 50% of a wineries' CO2 emissions, due to the amount of heat required to melt glass along with transportation. Recycling decreases total emissions however, the CO2 budget of a bottle made from recycled glass is still very high, and much of the world's recycling infrastructure is dysfunctional, leaving a huge proportion of wine bottles buried in landfills. For the wine industry to reach zero emissions and continue to use the very best, inert recipient for bottle aging, the only solution is bottle reuse. Four companies, from different countries, join us to share their experience with bottle reuse so that we can revive this once widely practiced tradition. HOST - Diana Snowden Seysses – Winemaker at Domaine Dujac, Winemaker and Proprietor at Snowden Vineyards and member of The Porto Protocol's Global Steering Committee GUESTS - Melissa Saunders MW - Wine Director at The Goods Good - USA - Muriel Chatel - Managing Director of Borough Wines & Sustainable Wine Solution – UK - Bertrand Grafé - Owner of Grafé Lecocq - Belgium - Lise Rolland - Marketing and communications director for Oé - France

In this Climate Talk we explored what an Operations Executive needs to consider to implement strategic changes across the whole value chain: From logistics, packing to warehousing and offices; From waste, water and energy management, to tracing hidden wastes and looking at the whole product's life cycle. From reevaluating transportation to organizational culture, customer and workforce motivations as well geographical differences. GUESTS Richard Lloyd (Accolade Wines) - https://www.accoladefinewines.com/- Nicolas Quillé (Crimson Wine Group) - https://www.crimsonwinegroup.com/- Mafalda Vasques (Herdade dos grous) - http://www.herdadedosgrous.pt/ HOST - Marta Mendonça – The Porto Protocol

In this Climate Talk, organized in cooperation with The Regenerative Viticulture Foundation, we will explore the importance of soil health in vineyards, and the new challenges which arise when managing that soil health using regenerative practices. What is the importance of soil health in a vineyard? What are the essentials of soil management? What changes are observed with a more regenerative approach? As usual, we are joined by producers and consultants from different parts of the world that are already leading the way in regenerative viticulture to share what they are doing and what outcomes they have witnessed. HOST STEPHEN CRONK - CO-FOUNDER OF MAISON MIRABEAU AND FOUNDER TRUSTEE AT REGENERATIVE VITICULTURE FOUNDATION - FRANCE GUESTS FRANCES TRAPPEY - CONSULTANT VITICULTURIST AT VINESCAPES - UK LAURENCE BERLEMONT - FOUNDER OF CABINET D'AGRONOMIE PROVENÇALE - FRANCE JASON HAAS - PARTNER AND GENERAL MANAGER AT TABLAS CREEK . USA

In this Climate Talk we debate the why and the how of internalizing climate change in your wine business: Where to start? What are the fundamental changes this decision will bring into the modus operandi of the business? What barriers may you encounter? What opportunities arise from it? What are the risks? How does it affect your relationship with your stakeholders, from employees to providers? How do you address it and communicate it? How do you pass it on to your consumers? GUESTS  Caroline Thompson-Hill - Accolade Wines - UK (https://www.accoladefinewines.com/)  Michele Manelli – Salcheto – ITALY (https://salcheto.it/)  NICOLE SIERRA-ROLET - Chêne Bleu – FRANCE (https://www.chenebleu.com/) HOST:  Marta Mendonça – Manager at The Porto Protocol Foundation (Portugal) - https://www.portoprotocol.com/about-us/

This Climate Talk addresses the state of art of circular innovation in wine, by bringing together different players from the wine value chain, but also from other industries with in-depth knowledge and approaches to circular practices. They explore how the wine industry can connect the dots of its value chain in a circular way, bringing examples tested with by-products of the wine production, as well as the applicability and suitability, from big to small practices, across different regions and realities. GUESTS Rosa Prati (Caviro Winery) - ITALY Valentina Lira (Concha Y Toro) - CHILE Zach Lawless (Good Goods) - USA HOST Miguel Cachão (AVIPE) - PORTUGAL

For this Climate Talk on energy management throughout wine production, we have invited Charles Perry (Sustainable Future for All) to host a conversation between Adam Black, (Head of Energy at Lanchester Wines) Anna Brittain (Executive Director at Napa Green) and Ron Runnebaum (Assistant Professor In Viticulture & Enology And In Chemical Engineering & Materials Science at University of California, Davis). From irrigation pumps to winery lighting, a company's car fleet, mechanization in the vineyard, to energy used for packaging production and transportation, no matter what stage of wine production you may look at, energy consumption and management is at the core of the problem as well as the solution to #climatechange in general and the impact of wine production on the environment. These three stakeholders will cover a variety of #energymanagement approaches, strategies, from simple to complex solutions (such as UC Davis' Platinum certified #LEED winery), to different sources of #renewableenergies (solar, wind and geothermal). This approach with players from different stages of #wineproduction will enable us to dig deeper as we bridge the knowledge and challenges generated by academia and producers. Learn more about the talk and our guests here: https://lnkd.in/dnTQgBfY

In this Climate Talk we will debate the why and the how of internalizing climate change in your wine business: Where do you start? how does this materialize into a balance sheet? What are the fundamental changes this decision will bring into the modus operandi of the business? What barriers may you encounter? What opportunities arise from it? What are the risks? How does it affect your relationship with your stakeholders, from employees to providers? How do you address it and communicate it? How do you pass it on to your consumers? We will seek to present practical approaches to these questions by players from the industry worldwide that have decided to address climate emergency in a proactive fashion. GUESTS § Carlo Mondavi - USA . Chief Farming Officer and COO at Monarh Tractor (https://www.monarchtractor.com/); CEO at Raen Winery (https://www.raenwinery.com) and Continuum Estate (https://www.continuumestate.com/) § Paulo Azevedo - Portugal . Chairman at BA Glass (https://baglass.com/en/index.php) and Sonae (that is, an international Glass bottle producer) and - https://www.sonae.pt/en/media/blog/post/letter-from-the-chairman/ § Rowena Curlewis. AUSTRALIA . Co-Founder & CEO at Denomination Drinks Design (https://www.denomination.com/) HOST: § Marta Mendonça – Manager at The Porto Protocol Foundation (Portugal) - https://www.portoprotocol.com/about-us/

This Climate Talk is an initiative of Dr. Richard Smart, renowned International Wine Grower and Consultant. Dr. Smart challenged Porto Protocol to organize a webinar about mitigation (vs adaptation), on reducing the carbon footprint of the grape and wine sector. In his own words, mitigation is more of an ethical decision than an economic one, and the focus is on avoiding the causes of the climate crisis so that it does not happen. According to him “it is a decision that an industry can take to help ensure its future, in the same spirit in which this decision is being taken by countries and states, communities and families”. This session was the first “Research Edition” of our Climate Talks by Porto Protocol, a slightly different format from what our community is used to: we will have a series of presentations, each focused on different research themes, either from a scientific or market approach, on different components underlying the decision to mitigate: - Kieran Hirlam (AWRI) will present Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and carbon footprint to demonstrate that the 750ml glass bottle is an important component of the industry's carbon footprint. - Heena Panchasara (Central Queensland University) will describe how pyrolysis enables the industry to convert waste streams from vineyards and wineries into energy. - Richard Halstead (Wine Intelligence) will discuss how the glass bottle can be replaced by alternative packaging and how wine consumers can react. These presentations were followed by a debate moderated by Tiago Alves de Sousa (Alves de Sousa), Producer and Professor (UTAD), who will bridge the gap between the conclusions resulting from the investigation of each guest and their adaptation to the day-to-day life of the vineyard and wine sector. For those in the grape and wine industry who see a response to the climate crisis beyond adaptation, we hope this digital conversation will serve as an incentive to contemplate mitigation.

In this Climate Talk we will debate how wine tourism businesses are dealing with the climate challenges and what is the role it can play on adapting and mitigating it. We will gather different players from the wine tourism sector to discuss the major changes wine tourism needs to address a green transition. We'll explore what have been the consumers' demands and expectations regarding this topic, and, in a very practical way, what are the measures they have been implementing to turn their wine tourism operation into a more efficient and environmentally friendly one. We will also approach what are the fundamental changes this path will bring into the modus operandi of the business? What are the barriers and the opportunities that can arise from it and risks involved? How can wine production values be aligned with the wine tourism operation? GUESTS  Adrian Bridge, CEO of The Fladgate Partnership & The Porto Protocol Foundation (Portugal) - https://www.taylor.pt/pt;  Caroline Feely, Co-owner and Director at Chateaux Feely, (France) - https://chateaufeely.com/  Heidi-Newton-King, Sustainability Director at Spier (South Africa) - https://www.spier.co.za/ HOST:  Catherine Leparmentier, Managing Director at Great Wine Capitals - https://www.greatwinecapitals.com/

n this Climate Talk we will debate the why and the how of internalizing climate change in your wine business: Where do you start? how does this materialize into a balance sheet? What are the fundamental changes this decision will bring into the modus operandi of the business? What barriers may you encounter? What opportunities arise from it? What are the risks? How does it affect your relationship with your stakeholders, from employees to providers? How do you address it and communicate it? How do you pass it on to your consumers? We will seek to present practical approaches to these questions by players from the industry worldwide that have decided to address climate emergency in a proactive fashion. GUESTS  JASON HAAS . USA - Partner and General Manager at Tablas Creek -https://tablascreek.com/​  ANTÓNIO LUÍS CERDEIRA. PT - CEO at Soalheiro- https://www.soalheiro.com/en/home​  JOAN ESTEVE. SPAIN – Manager at Raimat - http://raimat.com/es/raimat​ HOST:  Marta Mendonça – Manager at The Porto Protocol Foundation (Portugal) - https://www.portoprotocol.com/about-us/​ You can find more about each other here: https://www.portoprotocol.com/the-business-sense-of-internalizing-climate-change-ii/

In this Climate Talk we will discuss the various issues around the glass bottle, the element that contributes the most to the carbon footprint of wine. As we bring to the table various stakeholders from the wine value chain, we will try to understand how producers, trade and consumers are perceiving and addressing this elephant in the room. HOST • Martin R. Reyes MW, Owner of Reyes Wine Group GUESTS • Jancis Robinson MW - Wine Critic, Journalist, Writer and Founder of Jancisrobinson.com • Charles Bieler - Owner at Bieler Wines and Co-Founder of the Gotham Project • Laura Varpasuo - Sustainability Manager at Alko (Finland's Alcohol Monopoly)

In this Climate Talk we will explore the tools, the challenges, barriers, benefits and insights in general from various players of the wine value chain that have experienced this process of addressing the Carbon footprint in the wine value chain. We will bring to the table the importance of small steps with big environmental and financial impact, that can be adopted by anyone, even before measuring their emissions. We will listen to different players and producers from various geographies on how they addressed their carbon emission reduction and the process they went through.

In this Climate Talk we will approach this topic from a solutions perspective, rather than a controversial one. As the title suggests, it is not about glyphosate, but about building on possibilites of a wine world beyond it. We will explore how wine producers are and can phase out the use of chemical pesticides in different regions, as well as the benefits and the challenges encountered. We will explore different solutions and approaches, starting with nature-based ones and forward.

In this Climate Talk we will debate the why and the how of internalizing climate change in your wine business: Where do you start? how does this materialize into a balance sheet? What are the fundamental changes this decision will bring into the modus operandi of the business? What barriers may you encounter? What opportunities arise from it? What are the risks? How does it affect your relationship with your stakeholders, from employees to providers? How do you address it and communicate it? How do you pass it on to your consumers? We will seek to present practical approaches to these questions by players from the industry worldwide that have decided to address climate emergency in a proactive fashion. GUESTS  Beth Novak Milliken - President and CEO at Spottswoode Winery (Napa Valley, US) - https://spottswoode.com/visit-us/ João Roquette – CEO at Esporão (Alentejo, Portugal) - https://www.esporao.com/en/ Mathilde Boulachin – CEO and Owner of Pierre Chavin (Béziers, France) https://www.pierre-chavin.com/en/about-us/HOST: Marta Mendonça – Manager at The Porto Protocol Foundation (Portugal) - https://www.portoprotocol.com/about-us/

In this Climate Talk we will explore the impacts of climate trends in vines and wines across the world, and which are the long-term solutions producers such consider adapting their vineyards. For this talk we count with producers from different parts of the world that are already leading the way regarding the research on the behavior of grapevines clones and studying the role of rootstocks as an adaptation measure to deal with climate impacts. We will explore the solutions that are being tested and their results and reveal some of the directions pointed by latest researches.

Soils are filled with life. In fact, 80% of life on earth is in the soil Its organic matter forms the basis of soil health and fertility, and therefore food production. Furthermore, soils are a natural carbon sink. So ultimately, changes in land use and soil can either accelerate or slow down climate change, promote or degrade its biodiversity. The answer might lie in preserving and restoring key ecosystems and letting nature capture carbon from the atmosphere. And though Viticulture is a small part of the agricultural chain, soil is key to the establishment of a vineyard and wine brands speak directly to its consumer. Regenerative Agriculture is the word of the moment as the solution to soil management and climate change. By definition, it is “a system of farming principles and practices that increases biodiversity, enriches soils, improves watersheds, and enhances ecosystem services. It aims to capture carbon in soil and aboveground biomass, reversing current global trends of atmospheric accumulation.” In this Climate Talk we will explore the role of soils in fighting climate change for vines and wines across the world, and the importance of enhancing its health trough regenerative practices. We will try to understand what these exact practices are, what measured results have they shown? How different are they from other types of viticulture such as biodynamic. What are its pros and cons? As usual, we count with producers from different parts of the world that are already leading the way to share what they are doing and what is the outcome.

A changing climate leads to changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration and timing of extreme weather and climate events (EWE). These are the words of the IPCC. Per se, these EWE do not prove the existence of global warming, but it is a given fact that climate change exaggerates them. Reality, as we speak, is a reflection of this and of the current climate crisis: a few years ago, South Africa faced a period of severe water shortage in the Western Cape region. In 2017, the exact place where the Douro River is born, Picos de Urbíon, dried up. This year, in Germany, ice wine harvest failed for the first time due to a warm winter. A year ago, Australia was on fire, with an unrepairable and unprecedented loss for its ecosystems, let alone lives and businesses. As we speak, California, Oregon and Washington are being devastated by wildfires that preceded record heatwaves, followed by storms that ignited the fires. In Maryland, tornados were followed by hurricanes and then frost. Again, countless producers are still unsure about whether they will be able to save their harvest from smoke taint, and many have lost their vintage altogether. Why? What are the causes? What are the impacts? How can we prepare our vineyards, our operation, ourselves, reduce the impacts and minimize the losses? This Climate Talk will address these questions by gathering producers and scientists from different parts of the world that have experienced these EWE's. They will share their knowledge, experience, different realities, and above all the ideas and practices implemented to tackle this reality. In a conversation starting with a scientific data approach, we will try to understand how can science help producers to predict, adapt and decide which are the best options available to deal with ewe, and how can they do this in a very practical manner. Host: João Santos . Professor at the Physics Department of UTAD (University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro) . Portugal Guests: GREGORY JONES . Director of the Evenstad Center for Wine Education, professor and research climatologist at Linfield College . USA PHIL FREESE . Winegrowing Partner and creator of the Vilafonté vineyards . SA & US ALISDAIR TULLOCH . Winery Assistant & Carbon Neutral Spokesperson at Keith Tulloch Wine . Australia RICHARD HAMILTON . Principal Consultant Viticulturist at Hamilton Viticulture . Australia

Thos Climate talk will address the perspectives on certifying standards for sustainability in the wine industry, by bringing together experts from different regions around the world. They will share the developing process of the tool used as well as the key topics and structure of each. We will explore the advantages for the wine industry to embrace this path towards (certified) sustainability, the benefits of joining a recognized sustainable standard, as well as the differences in their scope across different regions and realities. Host: Sylvia Petz . Consultancy and communication for wineries . Austria Guests: Francisco Mateus . Chairman at the Alentejo Regional Winegrowing Commission (CVRA) . Portugal Allison Jordan . Vice President, Environmental Affairs for Wine Institute and Executive Director of the California Sustainable Winegrowing Alliance. USA Patricio Parra . Managing Director of the R & D Consortium Vinos de Chile . Chile

In a multifunctional agricultural system, that has characterized our viticulture for centuries, biodiversity provides important ecological services that underpin vineyard health, productivity, quality and resilience. In the last decades, vineyard expansion and intensification are compromising the diversity and abundance of service-providing organisms, due to landscape homogenization, loss of key structures such as stone walls and hedgerows, high mechanization (including frequent tilling), and/or overuse of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. The wine industry relies on nature, so we need to enhance and preserve the Eco services that nature provides, such as carbon storage, natural control of undesirable organisms, self-regulation and reliance on the natural balance that biodiversity provides. On the other hand, and in line with the European Green Deal, the European Commission adopted a comprehensive new Biodiversity Strategy to bring nature back into our lives and a Farm to Fork Strategy for a fair, healthy and environmentally friendly food system. These two strategies are mutually reinforcing, bringing together nature, farmers, businesses and consumers for jointly working towards a competitively sustainable future. This Climate Talk will address how farmers are managing biodiversity in their vines and how they can benefit from the balance provided by it. For that purpose, in this conversation we will bring together, producers from different parts of the world to talk about their experience on how they are enhancing the role of biodiversity in their vines. They will share the solutions they have been implementing and the impacts on their grapes and wines, and how these practices are aligned with their challenge of adapting to climate change. In this debate, we will also explore the importance of international and national strategies and the role of each partner in achieving the goals set. Host: PEDRO BEJA . Portugal . Rechearcher at CIBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Guests: GABRIELA MASCIOLI . Portugal . Co-owner of Herdade de Coalheiros (Alentejo) JOHN WILLIAMS . USA . Owner and Winemaker at Frog's Leap MICHAEL GOËSS-ENZENBERG . Italy . Owner of Manicor

The water footprint (WF) of a product is an indicator of the consumptive use of water resources along its life cycle. Water scarcity is recognized to be a major global challenge. As such, the evaluation of the WF of agro-industrial products is key, as they are widely known as having a significant footprint on water resources. The global average water footprint of grapes is 610 liter/kg. One kilogram of grapes results in 0.7 liter of wine, so the water footprint of wine is APPROXIMATELY 870 liters of water per liter of wine. This means that one glass of wine (125 ml) costs 110 liters (according to the Water Footprint Network). Even knowing that the vine has a capacity for survival and resilience to austere climates, as we speak, the increased production of grapes and wine, combined with droughts and climate change, mean that now, more than ever, water needs to be used efficiently. Therefore, there is the need to understand where and how can we improve water management in the wine life cycle, reduce it or even eliminate it. This Climate Talk will address this issue and will try to identify the major challenges on the use of water throughout the grape and wine production in this warming climate. In this conversation, we will analyze the importance of efficient use of water and explore the best technologies and practices available both on the field and on the wineries. To do so, we will count with different guests from around the world. They will approach all three components of the WF: green, blue and grey, from dry farming to use of rainwater and reuse of treated wastewater. Host: LINDA JOHNSON-BELL . UK Guests: ALEXANDRE RELVAS. ALENTEJO . CEO and Head Winemaker at Casa Relvas . Portugal FRANS K SMIT . Cellar Master at Spier Wine Farm . South Africa TIAGO ALVES DE SOUSA. Owner and winemaker at Alves de Sousa . Portugal

Carbon dioxide is a heat trapping gas produced both in nature and human activities. It plays a significant role in global warning. Reality as we speak requires a real and urgent need to begin a long, unprecedented and sustained effort to “de-carbonize” the atmosphere, so becoming carbon neutral is not enough anymore. To do this, carbon-negative actions, systems, and industries are required. Carbon sequestration can have an important role in preventing carbon dioxide from entering the earth's atmosphere, and reducing the human “carbon footprint.” We can categorize 3 types of Carbon Sequestration: Biological (storage of carbon dioxide in vegetation, in soils and ocean), Geological (storing carbon dioxide in underground geologic formations, or rocks) and technological (remove and store carbon from the atmosphere using innovative technologies). So how can wine production contribute to carbon sequestration? To explore this answer, it is fundamental to considerer, when evaluating the carbon cycle, all sources of emissions and all of the sequestration potential. In this Climate Talk we will look at the carbon cycle in wine production, and the challenges of carbon sequestration across all stages and processes. We will bring different perspectives and practices of carbon sequestration: how the soil works as a natural carbon sink, passing into the technology available for the capture and storage of the carbon released in the fermentation, to the role the cork stopper can take in offsetting carbon footprint of the wine packaging. Would these solutions represent an opportunity for farmers to explore the carbon market? All these topics, among others, will be addressed in this conversation that brings together players from different geographies, expertise and profiles. Host Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira . Portugal . Partner NBI – Natural Business Intelligence Guests CARLOS DE JESUS . Portugal . Marketing and Communication Director at AMORIM CORK TOM CROGHAN . USA . CO-Owner and Winemaker at The Vineyards at Dodon DIANA SNOWDEN SEYSSES . USA and France . Winemaker at Domain Dujac and Proprietor and Winemaker at Snowden Vineyards

This Climate Talk will bring together wine makers across various wine regions in the world, that will share how they are using technology and nature to adapt and mitigate climate change across the various stages of the wine value chain. Host JAMIE GOODE – Wine Journalist . UK Guests: SIMON GRIER – Villiera Wines . South Africa COREY BECK – Coppola Winery . USA FERNANDO BUSCEMA – Catena Zapata . Argentina

This Climate Talk will bring together wine makers across various wine regions in the world, that will share how they are using technology and nature to adapt and mitigate climate change across the various stages of the wine value chain. Host: David Guimaraens . The Fladgate Partnership . Portugal Diana Snowden Seysses . Domain Dujac | Snowden Vineyards . France Stan Zervas . Silverado Farming Company . USA Fred Loimer . Loimer . Austria

This Climate Talk will touch on the element that contributes the most to the carbon footprint of wine and yet one of the less discussed and/or intervened by companies: Packaging. We'll have a roundtable with various players on the matter discussing what is happening in the industry to address the weight of this elephant in the room.