Podcast appearances and mentions of gareth griffiths

Gareth Rhys Owen, Lauren Jenkins and BBC Rugby writer Gareth Griffiths evaluate a way forward for the professional game in Wales with the Welsh Rugby Union still in dispute with Ospreys and Scarlets over funding. WalesOnline Rugby Correspondent Steffan Thomas discusses exactly how the direction of Welsh rugby will be shaped this summer while Welsh Rugby Players Association chairman Ashton Hewitt speaks about uncertainties facing the players.

Former Wales fly-half James Hook and BBC Sport Wales rugby writer Gareth Griffiths join Gareth Rhys Owen and Lauren Jenkins to look back on the 2024-25 season for Wales' regions. They pick their player of the season and their breakthrough player of the season and also argue over their regional team from the campaign.

Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths are joined by Wales wing Alex Cuthbert at the Vale to reflect on Saturday's narrow 27-18 Six Nations defeat to Ireland. We hear from Wales back Blair Murray and also preview the weekend's URC games.

Gareth Rhys Owen is joined by former Wales back row Josh Navidi and BBC rugby writer Gareth Griffiths to discuss Warren Gatland's departure as Wales head coach. There is also reaction from Welsh Rugby Union chief executive Abi Tierney and Matt Sherratt who has been appointed as caretaker coach until the end of the Six Nations.

Lauren Jenkins and BBC Sport Wales rugby writer Gareth Griffiths head to Nice to catch up with the Wales team as they prepare to face Italy in Rome on Saturday. Wales prop Henry Thomas gives the lowdown from inside the camp while former Wales scrum-half Richie Rees gives his analysis of what went wrong in the record 43-0 defeat to France and what can be done to turn things around at the Stadio Olimpico.

Gareth Rhys Owen and Scrum V rugby writer Gareth Griffiths react to the news that the Welsh Rugby Union have kept faith in head coach Warren Gatland while executive director of rugby Nigel Walker departs.

Lauren Jenkins is joined by Scrum V rugby writer Gareth Griffiths and former Wales wing Alex Cuthbert to discuss the fallout from Wales' abject autumn campaign.

Gareth Rhys Owen, Lauren Jenkins, Gareth Griffiths and Alex Cuthbert meet up to look ahead of the start of the 2024-25 United Rugby Championship season and assess the hopes of success for the four Welsh regions.

Ben James is joined by Wales prop Ellis Bevan in Brisbane to talk Wales' summer tour, while BBC Wales writer Gareth Griffiths chats with Ben about Cory Hill's controversial appointment as captain, Regan Grace's Wales debut and the need for a win at the end of a long season.

Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths are in the Wales camp in Brisbane ahead of the fixture against Queensland Reds there on Friday.

Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths run the rule over the Wales side picked to face Australia in Melbourne on Saturday.

Ben James is joined by Wales scrum-half Ellis Bevan to discuss his start to life in Test rugby, while BBC Wales writer Gareth Griffiths chats with Ben about Wales' defeat to Australia in Sydney, the second Test in Melbourne and the pressure now building on Warren Gatland.

Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths are in Melbourne ahead of Wales' test against Australia there on Saturday and catch up with second row partners Dafydd Jenkins and Christ Tshiunza.

Scrum V's Lauren Jenkins and BBC Sport Wales rugby writer Gareth Griffiths run the rule over the Wales side picked for the first test against Australia in Sydney.

Scrum V's Lauren Jenkins and BBC Sport Wales rugby writer Gareth Griffiths meet up with the Wales squad in Sydney and speak with hooker Evan Lloyd ahead of the first test on Saturday. They also get the lowdown on the Wallabies with rugby writer Cristy Dornan.

The wait is over, 2023 be gone, the international test season is back!The guests come thick and fast this week, as Christy Doran and Matt Toomua preview the first match of the Joe Schmidt Wallaby era against Wales, and are joined by newly returned Western Force prop (Dr.) Tom Robertson and BBC Wales Sport journalist Gareth Griffiths to discuss this critical fixture for both sides.Gareth Griffiths (X): https://mobile.x.com/gazg2000Hosts: Christy Doran & Matt ToomuaGuests: Tom Robertson & Gareth Griffiths Producer: Nick Wasiliev Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Gareth Rhys Owen and Lauren Jenkins are joined by Wales wing Alex Cuthbert and BBC Sport Wales' rugby writer Gareth Griffiths to look back at the season for the Welsh regions. They pick their standout moments and select their key players as the 2023-24 season draws to a close for the Welsh sides.

John Plotz of Recall This Book spoke in 2020 with Sanjay Krishnan, Boston University English professor and Conrad scholar about his marvelous new book on that grumpiest of Nobel laureates, V. S Naipaul's Journeys. Krishnan sees the “contrarian and unsentimental” Trinidad-born but globe-trotting novelist and essayist as early and brilliant at noticing the unevenness with which the blessings and curses of modernity were distributed in the era of decolonization. Centrally, Naipaul realized and reckoned with the always complex and messy question of the minority within postcolonial societies. He talks with John about Naipaul's early focus on postcolonial governments, and how unusual it was in the late 1950's for colonial intellectuals to focus on “the discomfiting aspects of postcolonial life….and uneven consequences of the global transition into modernity.” Most generatively of all, Sanjay insists that the “troublesome aspect is what gives rise to what's most positive in Naipaul.” Discussed in the Episode Chinua Achebe, There Was a Country (2012) George Lamming, e.g. (In the Castle of My Skin, 1953) V. S. Naipaul, The Suffrage of Elvira (1957) Miguel Street (1959) Area of Darkness (1964) The Mimic Men (1967) A Bend in the River (1979) V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State (1971) Aya Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory” Nobel Acceptance Speech Richard Wright, Native Son (1940) Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back (1989 theoretical work on postcolonialism) Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger (2008) Marlon James (eg. The Book of Night Women, 2009) Beyonce, “Formation“ Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (1961) Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North (1966) Willa Cather “Two Friends” in Obscure Destinies  Read Here: 43 Sanjay Krishnan on V. S. Naipaul: To make the Deformation the Formation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

John Plotz of Recall This Book spoke in 2020 with Sanjay Krishnan, Boston University English professor and Conrad scholar about his marvelous new book on that grumpiest of Nobel laureates, V. S Naipaul's Journeys. Krishnan sees the “contrarian and unsentimental” Trinidad-born but globe-trotting novelist and essayist as early and brilliant at noticing the unevenness with which the blessings and curses of modernity were distributed in the era of decolonization. Centrally, Naipaul realized and reckoned with the always complex and messy question of the minority within postcolonial societies. He talks with John about Naipaul's early focus on postcolonial governments, and how unusual it was in the late 1950's for colonial intellectuals to focus on “the discomfiting aspects of postcolonial life….and uneven consequences of the global transition into modernity.” Most generatively of all, Sanjay insists that the “troublesome aspect is what gives rise to what's most positive in Naipaul.” Discussed in the Episode Chinua Achebe, There Was a Country (2012) George Lamming, e.g. (In the Castle of My Skin, 1953) V. S. Naipaul, The Suffrage of Elvira (1957) Miguel Street (1959) Area of Darkness (1964) The Mimic Men (1967) A Bend in the River (1979) V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State (1971) Aya Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory” Nobel Acceptance Speech Richard Wright, Native Son (1940) Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back (1989 theoretical work on postcolonialism) Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger (2008) Marlon James (eg. The Book of Night Women, 2009) Beyonce, “Formation“ Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (1961) Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North (1966) Willa Cather “Two Friends” in Obscure Destinies  Read Here: 43 Sanjay Krishnan on V. S. Naipaul: To make the Deformation the Formation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

John Plotz of Recall This Book spoke in 2020 with Sanjay Krishnan, Boston University English professor and Conrad scholar about his marvelous new book on that grumpiest of Nobel laureates, V. S Naipaul's Journeys. Krishnan sees the “contrarian and unsentimental” Trinidad-born but globe-trotting novelist and essayist as early and brilliant at noticing the unevenness with which the blessings and curses of modernity were distributed in the era of decolonization. Centrally, Naipaul realized and reckoned with the always complex and messy question of the minority within postcolonial societies. He talks with John about Naipaul's early focus on postcolonial governments, and how unusual it was in the late 1950's for colonial intellectuals to focus on “the discomfiting aspects of postcolonial life….and uneven consequences of the global transition into modernity.” Most generatively of all, Sanjay insists that the “troublesome aspect is what gives rise to what's most positive in Naipaul.” Discussed in the Episode Chinua Achebe, There Was a Country (2012) George Lamming, e.g. (In the Castle of My Skin, 1953) V. S. Naipaul, The Suffrage of Elvira (1957) Miguel Street (1959) Area of Darkness (1964) The Mimic Men (1967) A Bend in the River (1979) V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State (1971) Aya Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory” Nobel Acceptance Speech Richard Wright, Native Son (1940) Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back (1989 theoretical work on postcolonialism) Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger (2008) Marlon James (eg. The Book of Night Women, 2009) Beyonce, “Formation“ Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (1961) Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North (1966) Willa Cather “Two Friends” in Obscure Destinies  Read Here: 43 Sanjay Krishnan on V. S. Naipaul: To make the Deformation the Formation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/caribbean-studies

John Plotz of Recall This Book spoke in 2020 with Sanjay Krishnan, Boston University English professor and Conrad scholar about his marvelous new book on that grumpiest of Nobel laureates, V. S Naipaul's Journeys. Krishnan sees the “contrarian and unsentimental” Trinidad-born but globe-trotting novelist and essayist as early and brilliant at noticing the unevenness with which the blessings and curses of modernity were distributed in the era of decolonization. Centrally, Naipaul realized and reckoned with the always complex and messy question of the minority within postcolonial societies. He talks with John about Naipaul's early focus on postcolonial governments, and how unusual it was in the late 1950's for colonial intellectuals to focus on “the discomfiting aspects of postcolonial life….and uneven consequences of the global transition into modernity.” Most generatively of all, Sanjay insists that the “troublesome aspect is what gives rise to what's most positive in Naipaul.” Discussed in the Episode Chinua Achebe, There Was a Country (2012) George Lamming, e.g. (In the Castle of My Skin, 1953) V. S. Naipaul, The Suffrage of Elvira (1957) Miguel Street (1959) Area of Darkness (1964) The Mimic Men (1967) A Bend in the River (1979) V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State (1971) Aya Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory” Nobel Acceptance Speech Richard Wright, Native Son (1940) Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back (1989 theoretical work on postcolonialism) Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger (2008) Marlon James (eg. The Book of Night Women, 2009) Beyonce, “Formation“ Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (1961) Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North (1966) Willa Cather “Two Friends” in Obscure Destinies  Read Here: 43 Sanjay Krishnan on V. S. Naipaul: To make the Deformation the Formation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

John Plotz of Recall This Book spoke in 2020 with Sanjay Krishnan, Boston University English professor and Conrad scholar about his marvelous new book on that grumpiest of Nobel laureates, V. S Naipaul's Journeys. Krishnan sees the “contrarian and unsentimental” Trinidad-born but globe-trotting novelist and essayist as early and brilliant at noticing the unevenness with which the blessings and curses of modernity were distributed in the era of decolonization. Centrally, Naipaul realized and reckoned with the always complex and messy question of the minority within postcolonial societies. He talks with John about Naipaul's early focus on postcolonial governments, and how unusual it was in the late 1950's for colonial intellectuals to focus on “the discomfiting aspects of postcolonial life….and uneven consequences of the global transition into modernity.” Most generatively of all, Sanjay insists that the “troublesome aspect is what gives rise to what's most positive in Naipaul.” Discussed in the Episode Chinua Achebe, There Was a Country (2012) George Lamming, e.g. (In the Castle of My Skin, 1953) V. S. Naipaul, The Suffrage of Elvira (1957) Miguel Street (1959) Area of Darkness (1964) The Mimic Men (1967) A Bend in the River (1979) V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State (1971) Aya Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory” Nobel Acceptance Speech Richard Wright, Native Son (1940) Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back (1989 theoretical work on postcolonialism) Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger (2008) Marlon James (eg. The Book of Night Women, 2009) Beyonce, “Formation“ Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (1961) Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North (1966) Willa Cather “Two Friends” in Obscure Destinies  Read Here: 43 Sanjay Krishnan on V. S. Naipaul: To make the Deformation the Formation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biography

Comedian and rugby fan Mike Bubbins joins the pod to look back at the World Cup so far. He joins Gareth Rhys Owen and Nicky Robinson to share his best moments of the tournament - and look ahead to Wales' huge game against Australia on Sunday night. BBC Wales rugby writer Gareth Griffiths was in Saint-Etienne to watch Fiji beat the Wallabies at the weekend and gives his perspective on their prospects against Wales...and Eddie Jones.

The Scrum V pod goes into the Wales training camp to chat biceps, SAS training and see how Warren Gatland's squad is shaping up for the World Cup. Scarlets duo Gareth Davies and Sam Costelow sit down with Gareth Rhys Owen, before journalists Alex Bywater and Gareth Griffiths discuss how Wales are coping with the 'outside noise' and how the team could do in France.

The Scrum V team scramble to react to the shock news of Alun Wyn Jones and Justin Tipuric's sudden retirements from international rugby. Gareth Rhys Owen and Lauren Jenkins are joined by former Ospreys head coach Sean Holley and BBC Wales rugby reporter Gareth Griffiths. They look back at Jones and Tipuric's stellar careers for Wales but ask why have they gone? And, just months before a World Cup, why now?

From Cape Town airport, Lauren Jenkins is joined by Nicky Robinson and Gareth Griffiths to answer the big question; was Wales' tour a success?

Wales win in South Africa for the first time in their history. Lauren Jenkins, Gareth Griffiths and Nicky Robinson go through the game and it's key moments.

With 19 changes made to the South Africa 2nd test squad, Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths discuss the squad with Jean de Villers and catch up with Will Rowlands after the near defeat on Saturday.

Lauren Jenkins is accompanied by Gareth Griffiths, Nicky Robinson and Jamie Roberts this week. You can find out everything you need to know about what went well and what went wrong in the 1st test vs South Africa. And Jamie Roberts believes Wales can still win the series...

Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths are joined by rugby journalist Matthew Southcombe to discuss the Wales team announcement for the first test in Pretoria. Leicester flanker Tommy Reffell will make his Wales debut, George North returns to midfield while Alun Wyn Jones takes his place on the bench alongside Josh Navidi and Tomas Francis.

Wales are facing a 3 match test series versus the Springboks. It doesn't get much bigger than this. Lauren Jenkins and Gareth Griffiths have been previewing the tour with Josh Navidi who's looking forward to the 1st test and his wedding.

Gareth Rhys Owen is joined by rugby correspondent Gareth Griffiths to digest the release of the Independent Oakwell Review and discuss what are the implications of cutting one of the regions.

Lauren Jenkins, Nicky Robinson and Gareth Griffiths are joined by Scarlets executive chairman Simon Muderack to react to the news that Festive sport in Wales will be held behind closed doors. We're also joined by Cardiff Rugby's Rowan Jenkins to look back on their recent games against Toulouse and Harlequins.

In our most recent episode, Susannah and Sarah talk interest rates, before discussing the challenges facing the financial sector. HL's Sophie Lund-Yates gives her assessment on a few key banks and their long-term prospects. Plus, guest interview with Gareth Griffiths, UK head of retail banking at Triodos Bank. HL's Head of Investment Research, Emma Wall talks to Andrew Jones, a Portfolio Manager from Janus Henderson Investors, on the potential return of dividends and balancing a responsible portfolio. This podcast isn't personal advice. If you're not sure what's right for you seek advice. Investments rise and fall in value, so investors could make a loss. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Doing Diversity in Writing, we—Bethany and Mariëlle—talk about two very common pitfalls when representing diverse characters: essentialism and affirmative myopia.   More specifically, we talk about: what essentialism is and what makes it problematic the fact that a lot of stereotypes that persist today are based on pseudo-scientific practices we don't consider science anymore what affirmative myopia is and why we need to avoid it how the movies Stonewall (2015) and Carol (2015) both fell into the affirmative myopia trap why bringing down the dominant group upholds the structures we are trying to overthrow   Some quotes from this week's episode: From Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin: “Essentialism is the assumption that groups, categories or classes of objects have one or several defining features exclusive to all members of that category. Some studies of race or gender, for instance, assume the presence of essential characteristics distinguishing one race from another or the feminine from the masculine.”    “If we believe people are determined by their biological make-up, we're basically saying that the way the world functions and our positions and situations within that world can't really be changed. If existing power relations are in place because there is some inherent logic in our DNA that defines our place and role within society, how do you challenge the status quo?”   “Those essentialised stereotypes, which are often based on science we no longer consider real science, are still running rampant. We still have so many assumptions about the ‘other' – those with different identity markers – floating around in our collective unconsciousness.”    “This doesn't mean we can't have late black people, angry black women, violent Muslims, perfectly styled gay guys and butch lesbians in our work. But, whenever we write a character, we should make sure we didn't give them these characteristics just because they are gay, lesbian, white, black, Hispanic, Asian, Muslim, young, old, poor, rich, and so on. We need to give them solid reasons and explainable circumstances for why they are being this way or why they are acting that way, one that goes beyond mere biology.”    “If we, in our attempts to elevate those voices by representing them in better ways, fall into the affirmative myopia trap by, for example, negatively depicting those who've always been in power, we're perpetuating the same structures that created that status quo in the first place. We lift one group by bringing another down.”   And here are the (re)sources we mentioned on the show: Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415661919 “Gay rights activists give their verdict on Stonewall: ‘This film is no credit to the history it purports to portray.'”: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/sep/25/stonewall-film-gay-rights-activists-give-their-verdict Mariëlle's 52 Weeks of Writing Author Journal and Planner: https://mswordsmith.nl/journal    This week's bonus material can be found here: https://representationmatters.art/2021/11/04/episode6/   To be the first to know when our next episode drops, subscribe to our newsletter here: https://landing.mailerlite.com/webforms/landing/r3p6g8    As always, we'd love for you to join the conversation by filling out our questionnaires.    Our Doing Diversity in Writing – Writer Questionnaire can be filled in at https://forms.gle/UUEbeEvxsdwk1kuy5   Our Doing Diversity in Writing – Reader Questionnaire can be filled in at https://forms.gle/gTAg4qrvaCPtqVJ36    Don't forget, you can find us at https://representationmatters.art/ and on https://www.facebook.com/doingdiversityinwriting 

DROP Bounty Puck @themandalorian Chapter 12 - The Siege with your Hosts James (@jamesjamesjamescreative) and Tom (@dropmagofficial) Guest nerd this week is Gareth Griffiths (@ampjamcon) #review #spoiler #analysis __________________________ #drop #dropmag #filmtalk #series #tvshow #starwars #jonfavreau #disney #themandalorian #pedropascal #babyyoda #thisistheway #bounty #mustwatch #homecinema #besttv #disneyplus #razorcrest #art #conceptart #artwork #chapter12 #navarro #empire #macarons #gideon #darktrooper #cloning #carlweathers #school --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dropmag/message

Globaliseringen har gjort små folkgrupper rädda för att förlora sin identitet. Men samma globalisering gör det möjligt för dem att driva sin sak, konstaterar författaren och journalisten Per J Andersson. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna. När jag kliver av lokalbussen i byn i dalen mellan bergen är jag övertygad om att jag befinner mig i Italien. Men vägskyltarna får mig att tvivla. Urtijëi står det på skylten som meddelar byns namn. Och det låter inte särskilt italienskt i mina öron. Förvirringen ökar när jag ser ytterligare två ortsnamn: först Ortisei och sedan Sankt Ulrich in Gröden. Till slut fattar jag att byn har tre namn. Ett italienskt, ett tyskt och ett ja vadå? Urtijëi? Vad i hela friden är det för språk? Men småfolkens återkomst handlar också om en motreaktion på globaliseringen. När jag nästa morgon börjar min semestervandring i de italienska Dolomiterna ser jag män i lederhosen som spelar dragspel och kvinnor i dirndl som joddlar för turisterna i bergsstugorna. Då inser jag att i detta Europa med gränser som är resultat av krig och kompromisser finns så många folk och språk som hamnat på fel sida av en gräns. Några av dem som drabbades var invånarna här i Val Gardena. Vandringsguiden berättar om hur folken i dalgångarna i Dolomiterna redan på 1300-talet blev en besittning i Habsburgska riket. Sedan gör han ett stort hopp fram till slutet av första världskriget då Österrike-Ungern upplöstes i sina beståndsdelar och Italien fick en liten bit av imperiet, som tack för att man allierat sig med britterna, fransmännen och amerikanerna. Så kom det sig att sydtyrolarna fick italienska pass trots att man i själ och hjärta fortfarande kände sig som en del av Österrike. I de här dalarna i Dolomiterna har man aldrig tvekat om den politiska och kulturella samhörigheten med sina tysktalande grannar norr om Brennerpasset. Men ännu saknas en bit i Sydtyrolens språkpussel. Vad var det tredje språket på vägskylten? Bergsguiden ser chockad ut när jag ställer frågan. Herregud, utbrister han, har du aldrig hört talas om ladinerna? Nej, det hade jag ju inte, men nu har jag det. Och i före detta diplomaten Ingmar Karlssons nya bok Småfolkens historia får jag lära mig mer. För här berättar han grundligt om ett tjugotal europeiska minoritetsfolk som inte glömt sina lokala språk: från Baltikums ursprungsfolk, liverna i dagens Lettland, till Balkans urinvånare, vlacherna på gränsen mellan Grekland och Makedonien. Och så då ladinerna, Dolomiternas ursprungsfolk, som bevarat en folklig variant av latin som man en gång i tiden lärde sig av de romerska soldaterna. Efter lång tynande tillvaro är det sedan 1989 erkänt som regionalt myndighets- och skolspråk i en handfull byar och småstäder, som dessutom fått autonom status gentemot centralmakten i Rom. Andra kvällen i Val Gardena äter jag middag med en kvinna som är född och uppvuxen i dalen. Hon berättar att de lokala skolorna växlar mellan italienska, tyska och ladinska. På en och samma skoldag kan mattelektionen vara på italienska, historietimmen på tyska och naturkunskapen på ladinska. Nästa dag gör man en rockad och kör matten på ladinska och historien på italienska. Alla lärare måste därför behärska alla tre språken. Och eftersom det bara är de som är födda i de ladinska dalarna som behärskar samtliga språk betyder det att det är omöjligt för en lärare från exempelvis Rom att få jobb här. Språkkravet blir i praktiken ett ursprungskrav. tack vare en av globaliseringens främsta budbärare  internet  kan de särartsintressen som småfolken står för enkelt spridas långt bortom byn i dalen mellan bergen När kvinnan från Val gardena berättar slits jag mellan motstridiga känslor. Å ena sidan känner jag starkt för det omsorgsfulla bevarandet av kulturarvet. Ödet för så många andra minoritetsfolk och småspråk här i världen är ju att de assimileras med majoritetskulturen och försvinner. Å andra sidan innebär ju bevarandet av ladinskan att det blir väldigt svårt att bli lokalt accepterad om man så bara invandrat från en dal några mil bort där man inte talar ladin. På sistone har ladinerna och de andra småfolken stärkt sina positioner. Ingmar Karlsson kallar det för en europeisk hembygdsrenässans, där folk som bretoner, cimbrer, elsassare, friser, furlaner, sorber och rutener kräver att få sina röster hörda. En förklaring är att man i EU:s Lissabonfördrag från 2009 betonar det kulturella och språkliga arvet. Och att Europaparlamentet så sent som 2013 beslutade om utökat politiskt och ekonomiskt stöd till småspråken. Men småfolkens återkomst handlar också om en motreaktion på globaliseringen. Inströmningen utifrån av idéer, sedvänjor och människor har skapat en rädsla för att man ska förlora sig själv. Därför har allt fler börjat ta reda på mer om sin hembygds historia, språk och dialekter. Och tack vare en av globaliseringens främsta budbärare  internet  kan de särartsintressen som småfolken står för enkelt spridas långt bortom byn i dalen mellan bergen. Bretoner, cimbrer, elsassare, friser, furlaner och ladiner kan ju nu sitta på ett Starbucks i Rom, Berlin eller New York och dricka caffe latte i pappmugg och samtidigt bedriva superlokal europeisk kulturpolitik via bloggar, nyhetssajter och sociala medier. Strax efter resan till Dolomiterna besökte jag världens största litteraturfestival som varje år hålls i indiska Jaipur. Och där fann jag en snarlik diskussion om det lokala och det globala. En stor del av författarna kom från Storbritanniens före detta kolonier världen runt och skriver på engelska. Och ett av framträdandena handlade om en ny gränslös litterär värld och hade döpts till The Empire writes back, efter en snart 30 år gammal klassiker i postkolonial teori. I de före detta kolonierna har en allt större grupp av den bildade klassen övergett sina nationella språk i sin yrkesutövning för att istället diskutera och skriva på engelska. Något som ofta ogillas av nationalistiska politiker i de före detta kolonierna. En av de indiska författarna på litteraturfestivalen menade att det är de som vurmar för att barnbarnen till imperiets undersåtar måste skriva böcker på sina lokala språk som ger uttryck för en kolonial attityd. Vi indiska författare, sa han, måste få skriva på det språk vi själva väljer, och väljer vi engelska är det för att våra idéer ska få maximal spridning. Den attityden har lett till att centrum för dagens engelskspråkiga litteratur inte är London, utan snarare Lagos, Toronto och Mumbai. Som den indisk-brittiske författaren Pico Iyer sa i ett av festivalens framträdanden, så överglänser idag såväl cricketspelare som författare från de före detta kolonierna sina kollegor i landet där spelet och språket en gång föddes. Asiatiska och afrikanska författare skriver om sina specifikt lokala erfarenheter, men ser alltså till att sprida sina böcker på ett världsspråk i globala mainstreamkanaler. Men jag vet ju att de lokala egenheterna lurar någonstans under globaliseringens blanka fernissa. När man traskar på huvudgatorna och genom affärsgalleriorna i storstäder i Asien, Europa och Amerika och ser samma varumärken och affärskedjor här som där känns det som om världen förlorat både smak och färg, som om alla lokala egenheter suddats ut av en global flodvåg. Men jag vet ju att de lokala egenheterna lurar någonstans under globaliseringens blanka fernissa. Som i byn i dalen mellan bergstopparna i Dolomiterna, där allt från skolböcker till restaurangmenyer och gatuskyltar är skrivna på såväl ladinska som tyska och italienska. Samtidigt är jag tacksam för att så många författare i dagens Afrika, Karibien och Asien erövrat engelskan. Allt började med en liten önations ambitioner om ett kolonialt världsimperium, och det känns ju inte så vackert, men resultatet är likafullt att jag och allt fler indier, afrikaner och kariber idag har ett gemensamt språk som gör att vi kan dela lokala erfarenheter med varandra och hitta beröringspunkter över kultur- och nationsgränser. Att låta tusen lokala språk blomstra i kontrast till ett gemensamt världsspråk. Kanske måste det ena offras för det andra? Nej, givetvis inte. Så svartvitt får vi aldrig föreställa oss världen. Per J Andersson, författare och journalist   Mer att läsa och titta på De små folkens historia minoriteter i Europa av Ingmar Karlsson (Historiska Media, 2018). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures av Sarah Menin, Bill Ashcroft och Gareth Griffiths (ursprungligen publicerad 1989, en andra upplaga kom på Routledge 2002). Imagination is no respecter of boundaries, Indian Express 26 januari 2018. Paneldiskussionen The Empire Writes Back på Jaipur Literature Festival 2018.

Gareth Griffiths under the guise of Sirocco Overland has many years experience of Overland trips. When he and his partner Lisa Grubb, decided to emigrate to Australia from the UK what better way than to drive.

Dr Gareth Griffiths, Director of the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum in Bristol.This is the 2004 Joint Royal Historical Society/Gresham College Annual Lecture.