Mind & Life

In this episode, Wendy speaks with social neuroscientist and contemplative researcher Tania Singer. Tania is a world leader in studying empathy and compassion, and her pioneering work explores the interpersonal aspects of the brain and contemplative practice. This conversation covers many topics, including: her lifelong fascination with social interactions; foundational studies on empathy in the brain; distinguishing the physical vs. emotional aspects of pain; a chance meeting with Mind & Life and critical insights from a Buddhism-science collaboration; the difference between emotion contagion, empathy, and compassion; exploring the trainability of empathy and compassion; schadenfreude in the brain; empathy burnout and compassion as an antidote; the importance of correlating subjective reports with brain scans; a landmark longitudinal study of training different aspects of meditation; why what you practice really matters; contemplative dyads and the power of practicing with another person; the benefits of dyads for the negative effects of COVID lockdown; moving dyad work into schools and hospitals; shifting from studying individual change to systems change; and the role of contemplative science amidst current societal challenges. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative scientist Melissa Rosenkranz. Melissa's work examines the mind-body connection with a focus on how inflammation interacts with our brains and emotions, and how meditation might help. This conversation covers many topics, including: her interest in the mind-body connection; pros and cons of inflammation in the body; bidirectional links between inflammation in the body and our emotions; how inflammation can lead to hypersensitivity in the brain; inflammation and dementia; misperceptions around stress causing asthma; meditation's effect on inflammation and our immune response; meditation in asthma management (emotional and physical); studying whether mindfulness can protect against inflammatory damage to the brain; integrating meditation with medication; polarization in society and the power of building weak ties; increasing the safety signal to our bodies; seeing the fuller humanity of the people in our world; lovingkindness practice in action; links between inflammation in society and in our bodies; and a reminder that there's always a place to start when making change. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with action researcher, changemaker, and thought leader Otto Scharmer. Otto is a world leader in systems change, and his work across disciplines highlights how awareness and the quality of our relationships are critical for the change we need today. This conversation covers many topics, including: regenerative farming, social change movements, and the "social soil"; inspiration from Francisco Varela; presencing and the role of awareness in systems change; three divides that contribute to our current crises; the untold story of regeneration and renewal; action learning and action research; trends towards goodwill and lack of agency; institutions vs. individuals; the blind spot of the mindfulness movement; speaking and listening across ideologies; non-doing, action vs. reaction; the need for holding spaces and building trust; leading by letting go and letting come; releasing old ways of thinking (ego) and shifting to more integrated mindsets (eco); sensing and engaging with future possibilities; fourth-person awareness; the influence of Mind & Life on his career trajectory; and resources for learning consciousness-based transformation. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with pathologist, scientist, author, and Zen Buddhist, Neil Theise. Neil's pioneering work in human anatomy has revolutionized our understanding of interconnectedness at the level of the body and beyond. This conversation covers many topics, including: his interest in medicine & Buddhism; pathology as contemplative practice; how a mystery from the wall of the bile duct led to a new understanding of our bodies; overview of the interstitium; how the interstitium may relate to fascia, energy systems, chakras, meridians, and other traditional systems of healing; connecting healing traditions through a cultural interstitium; a meditation to visualize the interstitium; studying living vs. dead tissue; cell doctrine and reductionism; complexity theory and interconnectedness at all scales; Buddhist ideas of emptiness, interdependence, impermanence; randomness in a complex system and adaptability; and the power of an interconnected view. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist and cognitive scientist Molly Crockett. Molly is a leader in studying moral cognition, with an emphasis on ethics, knowledge, and power in the digital age. This conversation covers many topics, including: the limits of quantitative (scientific) ways of knowing; the importance of narrative in shaping ideas and behavior; moral outrage on social media; who benefits from a culture of outrage; the role of scientists in our narratives about human nature; how artificial intelligence influences what we consider as human; using artificial intelligence for compassion; a Dalai Lama chatbot vs. the real Dalai Lama; the importance of embodiment in human communication; studying transformative experiences at Burning Man; technology and "Paleolithic" emotions; epistemic injustice; and the critical importance of valuing multiple ways of knowing. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist and affective neuroscientist Jim Coan. Jim is a leading researcher on how social connection impacts our minds, brains, and bodies, and he's also pushing the boundaries of impactful science communication. This conversation covers many topics, including: studying relationships and emotions in the brain; how a confusing research finding changed his career; how holding hands impacts our bodies and minds; understanding energy regulation and prediction; social baseline theory; the prefrontal cortex and self-regulation; implications for the default mode network; social support as energetic resources for the body; effects of hand holding on pain processing; introversion and social support; the two things all his students must memorize; the costs and benefits of social interactions; implications for loss of relationship; sense of self, belonging, and the importance of supporting others; communicating science through comics; and surviving—even flourishing—through climate change. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychiatrist and mental health researcher Chuck Raison. Chuck's work centers on understanding how ancient practices can change our conscious experience. He's a leader in studying the links between inflammation, stress, and depression, and how meditation and other practices can influence those dynamics. This conversation covers many topics, including: ancient practices and conscious experience; Tibetan tummo practice; the role of inflammation in depression; sickness behavior; links between stress and inflammation; the placebo response; psychedelics as a novel treatment for depression; investigating the role of memory in transcendent experiences; body temperature and emotions; and the precious gift of awareness. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative researcher Quinn Conklin. Quinn's research examines the interconnection of mind and body, and the effects of stress and meditation training on biomarkers of health and well-being. This conversation covers many topics, including: her interest in mind-body connection and how that led her into meditation research; understanding meditation retreats; advantages and challenges of studying meditation in a retreat context; how personality can influence the effects of meditation; telomeres and cell aging, and impacts of stress and meditation; creating safety and support for practice (on retreat); oxytocin and various theories of its function in social connection; effects of meditation retreat on oxytocin; allostasis and prediction; studying community responses to COVID and how meditation provides support; increasing diversity in contemplative science; and making research findings accessible. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychiatrist and contemplative researcher Zev Schuman-Olivier. Zev has been working for more than a decade to integrate mindfulness and compassion into health care, with a focus on addiction, depression, and chronic illness. This conversation covers many topics, including: weaving mindfulness and compassion into clinical settings; lessons from his own experience of chronic illness; the key role of behavior change in health; balancing individual responsibility for health with systemic factors; mindfulness and addiction; making interventions trauma-informed, inclusive, and broadly accessible; how signals from the body help motivate action and emotion; how mindfulness enhances trust in the body and changes the brain in depression; Internal Family Systems and the critical role of acceptance; and next steps for integrating mindfulness and compassion into complex healthcare systems. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with social scientist and meditation teacher Eve Ekman. Eve's work integrates contemplative practice and modern psychology to help people learn about and work with their emotions. This conversation covers many topics, including: her early exposure to Tibetan culture and Buddhism; emotion regulation vs. awareness; reappraisal and self-compassion; labeling feelings & being seen; handshake meditation practice; mapping an emotion: trigger, experience, and response; the complexity of what shapes each moment; becoming more sensitive through meditation; constructive vs. destructive emotions, and the complexities of anger; understanding equanimity; leveraging technology to help awareness and tracking of emotions; helping Apple incorporate well-being practices into its platforms; teaching meditation through the Cultivating Emotional Balance program; the Atlas of Emotion (free online resource); and life lessons from surfing. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative neuroscientist Dave Vago. Dave has been studying the brain, meditation, and the self for over two decades, and has developed several models of how mindfulness might work from cognitive and neurobiological perspectives. This conversation covers many topics, including: his intertwined interests in brain, mind, self, philosophy, and religion; the temporal nature of memory; mindfulness for fibromyalgia and chronic pain; unconscious attentional bias; sticky thoughts and how they change with meditation; the role of the self in contemplative practice (S-ART model); meta-awareness and decentering; the centrality of inhibitory control in contemplative practice; dissolving the self/other divide; integrating wisdom to create meaning; how meditation can shift attentional bias at very early levels of processing; the deeply interconnected nature of brain function; self-pattern theory and (in)flexibility in the mind; mindfulness and the glymphatic system, and implications for sleep and neurodegenerative disorders; and the new academic society for contemplative research (ISCR). Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with biocultural anthropologist and Tibetan medical doctor Tawni Tidwell. Tawni's research focuses on living—and dying—with greater awareness and well-being, and integrates multiple biological and cultural perspectives on mind-body systems. This conversation covers many topics, including: merging interests in biology, culture, ecology, nature, and medicine; how our minds shape our bodies; the holistic approach of Tibetan medicine; understanding constitutions and individual proclivities; the subtle body and consciousness; studying monastics who are able to extend the death process (Tukdam project); implications for life, death, and the nature of consciousness; individual differences and determining which practices might be best for someone; studying Tibetan medicine's approach to treating COVID; and coming back to our bodies, our communities, and our environments. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist and trauma researcher Brian Dias. Brian is one of the pioneers in understanding how trauma can be transferred between generations. Research in this space has helped fuel a major revolution in biology, because itmeans that not just our genes, but some aspects of our experiences can be inherited. This conversation covers many topics, including: his path into studying trauma; how trauma can pass through generations; links with the Buddhist concept of karma; understanding epigenetics & the interplay between genes and environment; implications for inheritance and evolution; whether such intergenerational transmission is helpful or harmful; epigenetic clocks in our cells; how trauma affects brain development; sociocultural, developmental, and biological pathways for transmission of experiences; creating legacies of flourishing; lessons learned from collaborating with Tibetan monastics; providing resources to parents to try to halt legacies of trauma; impacts of stress on our mitochondria and microbiome; and scientists as humans first. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist and mental health researcher Jyoti Mishra. Jyoti has been investigating how mindfulness and attention training affect our brains, and can help in the context of mental health challenges related to climate disasters and other trauma. This conversation covers many topics, including: her intertwined interests in neuroscience, meditation, and mental health; understanding climate trauma and its unique impacts on mental health; community resilience and action in the face of disaster; the rise of mental health issues worldwide; studying the mental health and brain function impacts of the deadliest fire in CA history; healing broken relationships with nature through mindfulness and ecotherapy; social justice issues around climate vulnerability; how childhood adversity affects brain circuitry for emotional awareness; developing contemplative tech interventions for disadvantaged youth, and impacts on brain and daily life functioning; nature and the sense of self; regulating the stress response through mindfulness and social connection; and empowering youth through the Climate Change & Mental Health Initiative. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist and contemplative researcher Simon Goldberg. Simon uses tools drawn from psychotherapy research to better understand the therapeutic processes and outcomes of mindfulness and meditation-based interventions. This conversation covers many topics, including: coming to practice through one's own suffering; what we know from science about whether and how meditation "works;" the nuts and bolts of meditation research, and the importance of control groups; the file drawer effect and publishing negative findings; common factors in healing interventions; working with the self in psychotherapy vs. Buddhism; the critical role of acceptance; some challenges when measuring effects of meditation; individualizing contemplative practice to suit the person; delivering and studying meditation interventions through apps; and the possibilities of AI to help support meditation practice. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with educational leader, writer, and climate activist Diana Chapman Walsh. Diana had a long and successful career in public health at Boston and Harvard University, and then became the president of Wellesley College, a position she held for 14 years. Diana has become an icon in educational leadership, and advocates that education can be both an intellectual and a spiritual journey. This conversation covers many topics, including: her path into contemplative practice and leadership; the importance of knowing and questioning oneself; vulnerability and responsibility in leadership; how the qualities of a leader influence the system they are leading; hierarchical vs. inclusive systems; the five principles of trustworthy leadership; interconnectedness as an underlying truth; building community amidst the climate crisis; how feedback loops can accelerate harm or spur change; and encouragement to tell our stories. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist and author Daniel Goleman. Dan has been fostering and contributing to contemplative science since the very early days of the conversation between science and Buddhism, and his long experience with meditation helped shape his notable work on emotional intelligence. This conversation covers many topics, including: his interest in both Western and Asian systems of mind; his relationship with the Dalai Lama and involvement in Mind & Life dialogues; how the conversation between science and Buddhism has influenced both sides; when emotions become "destructive;" the birth of contemplative science; social emotional learning (SEL) in education; links between emotional intelligence and contemplative science; "McMindfulness" and the varying goals of practice; nonconceptual states and dissolving the self; navigating the complexities of science communication; the latest research on emotional intelligence in organizations; how awareness is (or isn't) showing up in the world; and how he relates to meditation now. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist Robin Nusslock. Robin has long been interested in the mind through both scientific and Buddhist lenses, and he trained with Richie Davidson. His work focuses on the brain's role in our emotional life, how stress impacts many of our bodily systems, as well as social determinants of health. This conversation covers many topics, including: his long interest in mind & Buddhism; basic pathways of how stress gets into the body; how the brain learns threat and safety; effects of early life trauma on brain and behavior; our brain's reward systems and relevance to Buddhist ideas; craving and addiction; pathways toward change, neuroplasticity and pause; social and environmental determinants of health; epigenetics and intergenerational trauma; biology is not destiny; how we can intervene and promote flourishing; family-level interventions; reducing exposure to adversity; economic interventions (e.g., universal basic income); teaching science and research to Tibetan monastics; studying lucid dreaming with monks; and fruits of the exchange between Buddhism and science. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with philosopher and cognitive scientist Hanne De Jaegher. Hanne was influenced by Francisco Varela's ideas from an early age, and has been working to extend enactive theories of mind into social contexts. This conversation covers many topics, including: roots in Varela's work and an early interest in thinking; sense-making and embodiment as foundational to cognition; how our habits and models fit (or don't) with our experience; participatory sense-making and the primacy of interaction; how interpersonal dynamics can have a life of their own; loving and knowing, letting others be; over- vs. underdetermining (how our projections of others shape interactions); emotional capacity and dementia; understanding autistic people from their own side; the need for people in dominant positions to listen; the importance of silence in dialogue; problems with the way social media platforms discourage interaction; interactions within one person; synthesis and breakdown; tension between self and interdependence (creating boundaries); and applying these ideas to our relationship with nature. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with musician, contemplative, researcher, and activist Grant Jones. Grant is working to develop and implement contemplative and liberatory tools for underserved populations. This conversation covers many topics, including: blending music, psychology, contemplation, and activism; music and mindfulness for healing race-based anxiety; collaborating with Lama Rod Owens, Esperanza Spalding, and others; the absence of research on black music; music medicine vs. music therapy; pleasure activism as a form of disruption; balancing structure and freedom; the Black Lotus Collective; links between psychedelics and meditation; potential benefits and harm of psychedelic treatment, and how race plays in; the power of music to transcend language and culture; balancing identity with non-self; and letting go, having fun, and not being too serious. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychosocial oncology researcher Linda Carlson. Linda has pioneered the application of mindfulness and contemplative practice for cancer patients, focusing on both psychological and biological outcomes. This conversation covers many topics, including: her path to integrating psychology, mindfulness, and cancer; early clinical trials and positive outcomes; how and why meditation can help with the stress of cancer; problems with battle metaphors related to cancer; opportunities to re-evaluate self and identity; connecting with boundlessness and interdependence; living well vs. living long; study design and control groups in meditation research; effects of mindfulness on cellular aging (telomeres); media coverage of meditation research; the power of preference in interventions; sneak preview of gene expression results; impacts on inflammation; increasing accessibility and diversity; working towards structural change in health care; and building an academic society for contemplative research. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with social psychologist and contemplative researcher Paul Condon. Paul's work integrates psychological theory with the Buddhist contemplative tradition, looking at meditation through the lens of attachment theory. This conversation covers many topics, including: his long interest in the intersection between Buddhism and psychology; measuring compassion in the real world; meditation's effects on prosocial behavior and relating to suffering; barriers to compassion; the relevance of vulnerability and safety to compassion; understanding secure and insecure attachment; shifting our attachment style: how contemplative practice can help develop our secure base; security as adaptability; limitations of viewing meditation as self-help and individual effort; the relational starting point of meditation; open vs. closed secular contexts; identifying a caring moment or benefactor; the power of mental simulation; changes he's noticed from practice; and what these practices can offer in our current moment as a society. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with cognitive scientist, contemplative practitioner, and ballet dancer Marieke Van Vugt. Marieke is a pioneer in studying mind wandering and meditation through computer modeling, and is also advancing participatory research through her collaborations with Tibetan monastics. This conversation covers many topics, including: her braided interests in meditation, dance, and cognitive science; computer modeling of mind and meditation; exploring distraction, mind wandering, and becoming aware; how thoughts can get "stuck" in our minds; creating a meditating computer; the relevance of stuck thoughts to various mental disorders; trauma through the lens of predictive models of mind; analytical meditation and Tibetan monastic debate; collaborating with monastics in research; humility and fluidity of mind; re-thinking the tasks used in cognitive science; the phenomenon of brain synchrony; dance and embodiment; the roots of thinking in the body; problems with abstraction in science; curiosity vs. the critical mind in ballet; flow, responsiveness, and compassion; and advice to young scholars. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with gastroentorologist, author, and microbiome researcher Emeran Mayer. Emeran is a world renowned expert in the connections between the gut and the mind, and brings a biological lens to the concept of interconnection. This conversation covers many topics, including: his interest in mind-body connection; microbiome overview & current questions; how we've inherited systems of communication from microbes; gut-brain connections, and the concept of the "second brain"; how meditation might affect our microbes; gut-immune connections; the importance of barriers, and what goes wrong in "leaky gut"; barrier compromise as common core of nearly all chronic disorders; stress and diet as key factors affecting our gut permeability; what we can do to protect our gut; equity issues around healthy food access; the gut as a sense organ; reductions in the diversity of microbes on the planet; the role of antibiotics and environmental destruction; development of the microbiome in pregnancy and infancy; implications for our concept of self; balance between reductionism and embracing complexity in science; and the need for more of the feminine archetype in our world. Full show notes and resources

To begin our seventh season, Wendy speaks with contemplative educator and developmental psychologist Rob Roeser. Rob has been working to re-envision the educational system for decades, and has been at the forefront of understanding how we can best integrate mindfulness and compassion into school settings. This conversation covers many topics, including: his initial exposure to integrative school systems; educating for life, instead of just participation in the global economy; focus on the body, nature, and our inherent "earthiness"; studying schools in India that integrate meditation; integrating science and viewing contemplative practice as building skills; applying a developmental lens to contemplative education; the key role of educating adults alongside children; changing culture and norms; how social processes drive the development of attention in children; our innate tendencies towards both compassion and othering; attention training as a relational practice; the relevance of a secure base; leveraging developmental "windows of opportunity"; practices that highlight our shared humanity; systems thinking in education; and re-enchanting the gift of learning. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with lawyer, activist, and restorative justice expert sujatha baliga. sujatha's work reimagines our current legal and justice system in the United States, and emphasizes the full humanity of both those who experience harm and those who cause it. This conversation covers many topics, including: growing up with sexual abuse, and the impacts it had; meeting with the Dalai Lama, and his transformational advice; the power of lovingkindness; her choice to be a public defender; responsibility & causes and conditions; holding two competing ideas simultaneously; problems with the traditional legal system; the paradigm shift of restorative justice; integrating contemplative practice into the process of restorative justice; the role of the self in the experience of harm; how we need to shift our language around labeling people; reflections on forgiveness and justice; and next steps for the movement. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist and pain researcher Fadel Zeidan. Fadel is one of the leading experts on understanding how mindfulness and other contemplative practices can be used to help relieve physical pain and promote well-being. This conversation covers many topics, including: his interest in self, consciousness, mindfulness and the brain; bringing mindfulness to special education classrooms; historical use of mindfulness for pain; intensity vs. unpleasantness of pain; his early work showing that mindfulness induces pain relief; making mindfulness training more accessible; looking into the brain during pain; using "fake meditation" in research; understanding our natural opiate system and its role in pain relief; bringing rigor to research with placebo controls; the relationship of physical pain to more complex psychological pain; working with families of children who were killed by gun violence; studying psychedelics for phantom limb pain; role of the default mode network in pain and self; compassion meditation and increasing our connection to strangers; the opioid crisis in the United States; and the role of contemplation in larger society. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with Buddhist scholar and contemplative educator and researcher Brendan Ozawa-de Silva. Brendan has been studying and teaching mindfulness and compassion for over a decade, and has lately been focusing on integrating trauma-informed and embodied practices into his work. This conversation covers many topics, including: his interest in contemplation (and an introduction to the Japanese practice of Naikan); adapting contemplative training to a variety of settings; the capacity of young people for compassion, mindfulness, and conceptual frames; what's missing in contemplative research; empathy/compassion as something that arises between people; the embeddedness of researchers in the systems they study; the SEE Learning program; trauma in the body & nervous system regulation; understanding different forms of trauma; healing and forgiveness; barriers to compassion, misunderstandings about the meaning of compassion; how the world is built on compassion; and new teaching endeavors with experiential learning. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with University of Washington vice provost and dean of Undergraduate Academic Affairs, Ed Taylor. Ed has made major contributions in the areas of contemplative education and leadership, with a focus on moral and integrative education and social justice. This conversation covers many topics, including: growing up embedded in community and giant sequoias; learning to be still with the mind; teaching meditation amidst anger dysregulation; embodying contemplative skills in the classroom; the gap between our mind's story and our body in the moment; the relevance of contemplation to wise and effective leadership; moving from ego-system to ecosystem awareness (systems thinking); implementing systems change in university settings; normalizing failure and modeling vulnerability; letting students lead in defining the community they want; imagining the world you want to live in when things are not OK (reflections on the days after George Floyd was killed); understanding critical race theory in education; and the central role of community in healing. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with social psychologist and contemplative researcher David Creswell. David has been studying the effects of meditation on stress and resilience for over a decade, and has conducted some of the most rigorous studies to date investigating which aspects of mindfulness interventions bring benefit. This conversation covers many topics, including: integrating psychology and Buddhism since high school; understanding stress and resilience; acceptance and equanimity in mindfulness; bringing scientific rigor to the study of mindfulness through dismantling trials; effects of equanimity on the stress response and positive emotions; how contemplative skills spill over from the cushion into daily life; how practice changes the brain and why those changes matter; a risky study with a president's daughter; the promise of apps to deliver mindfulness; how acceptance differs from passive resignation; and viewing biology and psychology as two sides of the same coin. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with biological anthropologist and contemplative researcher Jenny Mascaro. Jenny's work weaves together meditation, compassion, psychology, and healthcare, and moves us toward a deeper understanding of interconnectedness. This conversation covers many topics, including: her interest in social cognition in animals - and humans; what compassion is, and how it's different from empathy; biological basis of compassion, and the role of oxytocin; how social factors and context shape compassion; training compassion and the skills underlying it; understanding self-compassion; the under-appreciated role of hospital chaplains; compassion training for chaplains; preparing for interpersonal interactions; how compassion shows up in language; how compassionate care can help anxiety and depression; responding to healthcare provider stress; how meditation has changed her; and building awareness of interdependence. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative health psychologist and stress researcher Elissa Epel. Elissa studies how mindfulness, meditation retreats, and breathing techniques can help buffer stress processes, biological aging, and promote both physical and mental health. This conversation covers many topics, including: her early roots of interest in the mind-body connection; bringing contemplation into health and stress psychology research; two key aspects of stress; learning to deal with uncertainty; uncertainty in the body; acute vs. chronic stress response; why we might want to intentionally induce acute stress to boost our health; cell aging systems (telomeres); contemplative practices as a way to reduce stress; how our minds influence our cells; the concept of cellular safety; rest, retreat, and vacation; how contemplative benefits can transfer to the next generation; what it means to have a sensitive nervous system; and the importance of focusing on joy and gratitude. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with the renowned Buddhist practitioner and author Matthieu Ricard. Matthieu was integral to the founding of contemplative science, serving as both a participant and co-investigator in many early studies, and has deep expertise in compassion, altruism, and well-being. This conversation covers many topics, including: his roots in both science and Buddhism, and his appreciation for rigorous inquiry; his role as a participant and collaborator in contemplative science; lessons from research on compassion vs. empathy; how the self shows up (or doesn't) in compassion; links between self-focus and vulnerability; hedonia, eudiamonia, and self; altruism and our current crises; reconciling three time scales of concern; sentience, life, and interdependence; caring for our whole interconnected system; the practice of awe; using photography to share basic human goodness; balancing fame and monastic life; and a poignant example of his own personal experience of care. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with mindful policy advocate and contemplative teacher Jamie Bristow. Jamie co-directs the Mindfulness Initiative in the UK, an organization that bridges contemplative practice and public policy, championing the inner dimension of social change. This conversation covers many topics, including: why he first started meditating and the surprise that came with it; his commitment to climate work; integrating advertising talent into policy work; mindfulness in the UK government; development of the Mindfulness Initiative; the nuts and bolts of mindful policy work; policy advances in health, criminal justice, and education; mindfulness as a foundational capacity (not just a skill); how the mind relates to the climate crisis; consequences of our failure to see the interconnectedness in the world; how mindfulness and compassion can help with reconnection; two modes of operating (holistic intuitive vs. verbal conceptual); and where to go from here. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with clinical psychologist and contemplative Amy Cohen Varela. In addition to her work as a psychoanalytic therapist, Amy is also the widow of Francisco Varela (co-founder of the Mind & Life Institute), and continues to share his vision and work through the offerings of Mind & Life Europe. This conversation covers many topics, including: her dual interest in biology and literature; the contemplative aspects of psychoanalysis; skills learned from listening deeply to yourself and to others; how she met Francisco Varela; enaction, meaning, and participatory sense-making; links between Francisco's ideas and Buddhist philosophy; subjective and objective viewpoints, and how we oversimplify Buddhism and science in that dynamic; how more than a decade with Francisco has changed her; the power of curiosity and openness; doing and undoing the self in psychoanalysis; Francisco's reflections on the Chilean civil war, and implications for polarization; the need for systems to be able to "undo" themselves; and Mind & Life Europe's latest offerings. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with renowned clinical psychologist, researcher, and co-developer of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Zindel Segal. Zindel's work has brought relief to many who suffer from depression, by sharing the tools and skills of mindful awareness. This conversation covers many topics, including: his early experiences with meditation and psychology; the development of MBCT and its evolution; seeing thoughts as thoughts; the power of curiosity, kindness, and an attitude of letting be; clinical research on MBCT in depression; staying with difficult experiences; the latest thinking about how antidepressants work; a short guided meditation; the importance of sense foraging; using digital platforms and increasing accessibility to mindfulness skills; adapting practices for the challenges young people face today; how MBCT can shift the sense of self and identity; and how practice has changed him. Full resources and show notes  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with Randy Fernando, co-founder of the Center for Humane Technology. Over several decades, Randy has worked to integrate technology, mindfulness, and social impact, trying to find ethical solutions to some of our most challenging issues. This conversation covers many topics, including: how the strands of Buddhism and technology have woven together throughout his life; the challenges we face with tech today; parallels between mindfulness and humane technology; understanding the "race to the bottom"; breaking the myth that technology is neutral; looking at technology through the Buddhist lens of dependent co-arising; problematic incentives in the tech space (e.g., advertising as a business model); the attention economy; how technology trains our attention, emotions, and even our values; technology's impact on the way we view our "self"; customized realities, echo chambers, and polarization; how to avoid tech traps; the core principles of humane technology; building values/ethics into AI; understanding dukkha; the pros and cons of using technology to teach mindfulness; and the latest resources from the Center for Humane Technology. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative scholar and Indigenous activist Yuria Celidwen. Yuria has worked across many sectors to bring Indigenous ways of knowing into conversation with Western approaches, particularly in contemplative science. This conversation covers many topics, including: the importance of Indigenous languages; her roots in a lineage of mystics, healers, and explorers; insights from the Mayan calendric system; bringing Indigenous ideas into a dualistic culture; her own experience of othering; the role of contemplative practice amidst today's challenges; opening our awareness to interdependence; bridging and safety as we come together across differences; kin relationality and ecological belonging; subtleties of language and what they reveal; implications of the term "mechanism" in the scientific approach; Indigenous contemplative science; and an inspiring closing poem. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative researcher Norm Farb. Norm was one of the first people to study how meditation impacts our brains, and his broader work incorporates emotions, body sensations, and present-moment awareness. Their conversation covers many topics, including: his initial research on meditation, neural networks, and modes of self; predictive models of mind; reinforcing vs. updating our model of the world (and implications for political polarization); the default mode network and its role in cognition; how meditation can help shift our habitual patterns; what happens in our minds when we learn to meditate; the concept of mental foraging; interoception and how sensing the body might reduce conceptual processing; depression & interoception, and getting stuck avoiding difficult feelings; the self as the current model of the world; a deeper look at the idea of no-self; the ethics of updating our self model responsibly; localization vs. distribution in the brain; and the state of research on meditation and the brain. Full resources and show notes  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative educator and researcher Patricia (Tish) Jennings. Tish is has been a pioneer in bringing mindfulness and compassion into school settings, with a particular focus on helping teachers. This conversation covers many topics, including: her experience as an educator and a meditator; how teacher stress contributes to the classroom environment; how contemplative practice can help bring awareness to automatic responses, and help shift them; the process of attunement and our core as social beings; how teachers can be sensitive to students who have experienced trauma; problems with the industrialized model of education; how teachers can be a force for change from the inside; yoga and body sensation as mindfulness for young children; somatic awareness and understanding emotions; and what young people need most right now. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with renowned and beloved meditation teacher Sharon Salzberg. Sharon has been teaching meditation in the West for over 40 years, and is the co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society. Their conversation covers many topics, including: finding Buddhism and meditation as a teenager, and where it led her; her experience as a woman in the early contemplative movement; loving kindness & metta, and their relationship to prayer; love as an ability; the role of narrative and story-telling in our world and minds; a call for balance and self-compassion on the path; the role of the body in meditation; why contemplation matters for societal change; and living into our interconnection. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with Buddhist scholar and author Robert (Bob) Thurman. Bob is one of the foremost scholars in the world on Tibetan Buddhism, and played a major role in bringing Buddhism to America. This conversation covers many topics, including: his entry into Buddhism, and befriending the Dalai Lama; links between Buddhism and science (and why Buddhism is 1/6 religion); problems with scientific materialism; enlightenment and emptiness; stories of the Buddha leaving home; four friendly fun facts (noble truths); realistic vs. right approaches on the path; jumping into bliss prematurely; Buddhist ethics; practices to push against essentialism; the key role of compassion in enlightenment; how he thinks about reincarnation and continuation of consciousness; the role of science on the contemplative path; and Bob's parting fun fact. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with social neuroscientist Lasana Harris about his work on flexible social cognition—the variable ways that we perceive others. This conversation covers many topics, including: his accidental entry into psychology; what flexible social cognition is; schemas and predictions about others' minds; dehumanization and why we do it; the role of propaganda and implications for the war in Ukraine; how these processes scale up from individuals to societies; bias and prejudice, and the key roles of threat and safety; the inseparability of cognition and emotion; how contemplative practice might help reduce dehumanization; information overload and echo chambers, and what to do about them; and looking at the concept of self to change social bias. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with meditation teacher and co-founder of Inward Bound Mindfulness Education (iBme), Jessica Morey. Jessica has been working with the contemplative path through the lens of attachment theory, and shares how she blends these approaches for healing. This conversation covers many topics, including: her long roots in the contemplative path; meditation retreats for teens through iBme; the basics of attachment theory; contemplative approaches to healing attachment wounds; subtle body and trauma; developing embodied safety; grounding practices with the earth; why it helps to examine your own lineage; benefactor practices and imagining perfect parents; links between Buddhism and attachment theory; and the joys and opportunities of working with teens. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with contemplative researcher and social activist Juan Santoyo. Juan's work sits at the intersection of basic neuroscience and community-based programs; his central interest is in understanding the factors that are needed for peace and healing—both in the brain, and in the world. This conversation covers many topics, including: his path into contemplative research; neurophenomenology; life in Columbia and reflections on the peace process; working with ex-combatants through community engaged research; Indigenous practices to connect with land and ancestors; working with difficult emotions; self-forgiveness; the lack of land and ancestor practices in the West; how oppressive systems impact the sense of self; why contemplation matters for justice and equity work; integrating basic neuroscience with healing in the world; and investigating what is needed for peace. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist, contemplative researcher, and Zen Buddhist teacher, Al Kaszniak. Al has been in the contemplative science space since the earliest days, and his work has shed light on how meditation impacts our thoughts, emotions, and sense of self. This conversation covers many topics, including: his parallel interests in Buddhism and neuropsychology; research on meditation, emotion, and attention; how our view of self impacts what seems relevant to us; cognitive effort and emotion regulation; how his own experience of self has shifted through practice; attention and early emotion/affective tone; shifting out of the conceptual mind; the relationship of attention and emotion; how decades of practice have changed his daily life; free will vs. free won't (meditation as inhibition); increasing access to contemplative ideas and practices; mind as process, interaction, and context—and what that means for science; and the value of interdisciplinary dialogue and the "in-between" spaces. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with Buddhist scholar, contemplative teacher, and social activist Brooke Lavelle. Brooke is the co-founder and president of Courage of Care, an organization that seeks to build transformational practice communities rooted in compassion, healing, and counter-oppressive frameworks. This conversation covers many topics, including: her trajectory of work from mindfulness to compassion to relational practice to social justice; relationality as the starting point for contemplative growth; Courage of Care, and the CourageRISE framework; routes to understanding oppressive systems; the body as culture; the skills needed to build multicultural community; applications in climate work; the non-dual frame as an antidote to othering; and love as an organizing principle. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with addiction psychiatrist and contemplative researcher Jud Brewer. Jud is one of the leading figures in the use of mindfulness for addiction and anxiety, and his work emphasizes the brain's habit cycle, and how to change it. He's also developed a number of smartphone apps to deliver contemplative interventions widely, which research is finding to be highly successful. This conversation covers many topics, including: his own use of meditation to relieve stress, and where that led; the failure of willpower for treating addictions; the benefits and downsides of the brain's habit mechanisms; commonalities between Buddhist philosophy and modern psychology; the key role of awareness in changing habits; the basic "habit loop" (trigger - behavior - result); anxiety as a habit; mindfulness for habit change; divisiveness as a bad habit; research on the effectiveness of app-based interventions; next steps for digital therapeutics; insights on communicating science to the public; and the power of kindness and connection as the ultimate reward. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with Zen Buddhist teacher and author Roshi Joan Halifax. A pioneer in the field of end-of-life care, Roshi Joan was instrumental in developing the dialogue between science and Buddhism, and has been an advocate for engaged Buddhism, social activism, and compassion in response to today's crises. This conversation covers many topics, including: the birth of dialogues between the Dalai Lama and scientists; how our minds are "enactive"; compassion as emergent and dependent on context; the trainable factors that set the stage for compassion; the importance of embodiment in health care; non-referential compassion; interdependence, compassion, and climate change; working with dying people; how letting go is safe; clinical use of psychedelics; and reflections on the field of contemplative science. Full show notes and resources  

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist and contemplative researcher Cliff Saron. Cliff is a pioneer in studying the effects of meditation on attention and emotion, and has been deeply embedded in the field of contemplative science since the earliest days. This conversation covers many topics, including: his winding path into contemplative research; drilling down and pulling back; conducting research with Tibetan monks in India; how brain signals can predict behavior, and implications for free will; the importance of context in meditation research; effects of intensive meditation on attention, markers of cellular aging, and purpose in life; community-engaged participatory research; communicating the nuance and uncertainty inherent in science; Ubuntu, and living into our interdependence. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with professor and Episcopal priest, Bobbi Patterson. Bobbi's work integrates Christian contemplation, Buddhist meditation, contemplative pedagogy, the role of place, and adaptive resilience. This conversation covers many topics, including: contemplative Christian traditions; the power of silence; dialogue between Christianity and Buddhism; a Christian contemplative view of mind; women in the church; how to listen to a place; bringing students into nature and urban settings; the role of the body in contemplation; understanding burnout; and adaptive and land-based resilience. Full show notes and resources