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CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:50).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImageExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-20-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of January 23 and January 30, 2023. This update of a January 2015 episode is the second of three planned episodes this winter on Virginia's General Assembly. MUSIC – ~15 sec – instrumental. That's part of “World's Too Big,” by Blacksburg, Va., musician Kat Mills, from her 2006 album, “Two.” It opens an episode on what is one of the biggest jobs, and has some of the biggest impacts, of any General Assembly session: the state budget. The Commonwealth operates on a biennial budget, covering two fiscal years, which run from July 1 through June 30. In sessions in even-numbered years, the General Assembly sets the budget for the upcoming two years, and typically in every session the Assembly considers amendments to the current budget. Virginia's current two-year budget, as approved last year by the Assembly and the governor, is about $163 billion dollars, with about $159 billion for operating expenses and the rest for capital expenses. Now, have a listen to the music for about 20 more seconds, and see how much of that amount you think goes to water-related matters. MUSIC – ~22 sec – lyrics: “World's too big to see in one lifetime. The world's too big to see in one day. And we work too hard to get much perspective; I'd like to see things a different way. World….” According to the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget, the Commonwealth's current two-year operating-expense budget funds about 210 programs. Of these, Water Radio identified 23 that relate to activities that can affect water, either directly, or indirectly through air, land, or energy management. Those 23 programs account for about $3.3 billion in the current two-year budget. Here's a sample of those programs, to give you a sense of where Virginia's water-related dollars go: some direct water-connection programs are boating safety, coastal lands mapping, drinking water improvement, marine life management, port facilities, seafood promotion, and water protection; and some indirect water-connection programs are air protection, disaster and emergency preparedness, forest management, minerals management, and regulation of public utilities. If you'd like more information about the big, complicated subject of Virginia's state budget, you can get details from the Department of Planning and Budget, online at dpb.virginia.gov. Thanks to Kat Mills for permission to this episode's music, and, in the spirit of a subject too big for one short Water Radio episode, we close with about 35 more seconds of “World's Too Big.” MUSIC – ~38 sec – Lyrics: “World's too big to see in one lifetime. What do you think you'll do this year in the world, world, world, in the world?” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment. For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624. Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close this episode. In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “World's Too Big,” from the 2006 album “Two,” is copyright by Kat Mills, used with permission. More information about Kat Mills is available online at https://katmills.com/ and at https://katmills.hearnow.com/. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode. More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGE Screen shot of the title page of Governor Glenn Younkin's proposed amendments to the 2022-2024 Virginia budget, being considered in the 2023 General Assembly. Budget proposal accessed from the Virginia Legislative Information System's site for budget bills in the 2023 session, online at https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/bill/2023/1/, January 23, 2023. The 2023 budget bills are House Bill 1400 and Senate Bill 800. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE VIRGINIA STATE BUDGET FOR 2022-2024 Information on Virginia's 2022-2024 Biennial Budget, as passed by the 2022 General Assembly, is available from the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget, online at this link. The information in this section is taken from that site, as of January 20, 2023. More details on each budget area are available at that site. Operating Budget Area Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2024 Health and Human Resources $26,364,044,319 $26,810,037,425 Education $24,884,645,068 $24,573,203,446 Transportation $10,998,522,561 $11,160,519,957 Administration $4,068,056,357 $4,059,438,773 Finance $3,962,409,064 $2,868,971,687 Public Safety and Homeland Security $3,875,692,814 $3,936,309,518 Central Appropriations $1,579,579,115 $954,544,033 Independent Agencies
This month, on Produce Talks, we turn our attention to a project aimed at addressing food security issues in northern communities. Glenn Scott, from Agriartic, joins us to discuss the Agridome, a controlled environment growing facility that is operating year round in Whitehorse, Yukon. Currently, Glenn is conducting a feasibility study supported by Yukon Research Centre – Cold Climate Innovations, Yukon Agriculture, HydeAway Domes and däna Näye Ventures to determine the viability of commercial production facilities throughout the north.The AgridomeWith a consistent drive to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables it’s easy to see why projects like this one are intriguing, but what impact can this have on the capacity of communities in the north to grow their own fruits and vegetables year round? Glenn shares with us the origin of the project, how it all came together and his our look on the future of year-round northern agriculture. If you cannot see the audio controls, your browser does not support the audio element Play EpisodeMusic in this episode is from bensound.com.You can find more information on the project by visiting Agriarctic, their Facebook and Twitter. Tomatoes growing in the Agridome Winter Kale from inside the Agridome
When do we pronounce plural nouns with an /ɪz/ sound?Hi. My name is Enrique and I am the creator of Say it in English...!Thanks for listening to our weekly podcasts. They are available for free on iTunes store. So, download them when you’ve got the chance.In today’s program we will talk about sibilants and affricates and how these consonants affect the pronunciation of plural nouns in English. Let’s start from the beginning. First, we have to check basic phonetic concepts in order to help you understand how both sibilants and affricates work in the production of the plural form of certain nouns.What is a sibilant?A sibilant can be either a voiceless or a voiced consonant sound. It means that its articulation can be made without or with vibration of the vocal cords. Let’s take, for example the voiceless consonant sound /s/ and the voiced consonant sound /z/.Put gently your fingers on your throat and repeat the next sound three times after me:s…, s…, s…You can feel clearly the lack of vibration when articulating this consonant sound. It is a voiceless consonant sound.Now, put gently your fingers on your throat again and repeat this other sound three times after me:z…, z…, z…You can feel the strong vibration of this consonant sound while it is articulated. It is a voiced consonant sound.Another characteristic of a sibilant is that it is a continuous sound. It means that we can prolong voluntarily the length of the sound.Listen:sssssssszzzzzzz Now, let’s check the consonant sounds /s/ and /z/ with other sibilants all together: Listen and repeat after me. Put your fingers on your throat and notice both the lack of vibration in some of them and the strong vibration on the others. Notice the control that we have over their length too.szʃʒOk. This is just an introduction in the understanding of how the plural nouns are articulated in English. So, be patient. We are going to get into the point in a few minutes. What are affricates? Other pair of consonant sounds that are important to learn in today`s episode are the affricates.Affricates are a sort of two mixed consonantal sounds that come together and are articulated simultaneously as one single sound.Listen and repeat three times after me:tʃ..., tʃ...., tʃ...This consonant sound is voiceless and it is the result of pronouncing /t/ and /S/ together.t + ʃ = tʃNow, listen and repeat three times after me this other affricate:dʒ..., dʒ..., dʒ...This consonant sound is voiced and it is the result of pronouncing /d/ and /Z/ together.d + ʒ = dʒWith this said, let’s start showing you how the pronunciation of plural nouns are done when a word ends either in a sibilant or in an affricate consonant sound.Notice how the singular forms of the next words get an extra syllable when they are pronounced in their plural form. The added sound is not just a /z/ sound, but an /Iz/ sound.I will pronounce the singular form followed by the plural form of every single word.Listen and repeat. SINGULAR FORM PLURAL FORM Consonantal types Ending sound One to three syllable words One more syllable is added Added sound sibilants s 1 vasecase 2 vasescases Iz z 1 praisephrase 2 praisesphrases Iz ʃ 1 wishdish 2 wishesdishes Iz ʒ 2 massage 3 massages Iz 3 arbitrage 4 arbitrages affricates
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