Podcasts about Ls

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

On this special co-host episode of Travis Makes Money, Travis and Eric are joined by Jackie, Travis's wife. Jackie is the owner-operator of an Everbowl franchise and a first-time business owner navigating the realities of running a brick-and-mortar food business. With a strong background in operations and systems, she shares what entrepreneurship has taught her about hiring, staffing, financial management, margins, and building something that feels truly her own. On this episode we talk about: What changes when you go from working for someone else to owning a business The unexpected anxiety of being responsible for an open store every day Why hiring and employee turnover are among the toughest parts of operating a small business How one- to two-minute video submissions help screen job applicants and encourage self-selection The steep learning curve of P&Ls, payroll-related reporting, taxes, insurance, and state-specific compliance Why embracing turnover and overhiring can make staffing more manageable The importance of protecting margins—and why drinks can be more profitable than prepared food What Jackie would look for in her next business, including higher-margin service-based opportunities Top 3 Takeaways Owning a business offers freedom, but it also means the responsibility never completely turns off. Build systems and staffing plans that keep the business from depending on you for every shift. Require a simple video submission early in the hiring process. It filters out low-intent applicants and gives you a faster sense of a candidate's communication skills and energy. Great employees may eventually outgrow entry-level roles. Rather than trying to hold them back, create flexible schedules for strong team members and plan for consistent turnover. Notable Quotes “It's been the first thing that has been mine that I feel like I'm proud of—that I've taken ownership of.” “The hiring process is just the most draining part.” “If you're doing life right, you're not working for me long term.” “When you said… embrace the turnover, that's the biggest thing I've tried to do.” Connect with Travis: Instagram: @travischappell  Other: Everbowl A Word from Our Sponsors: - The most successful business owners don't do it all themselves — they delegate. Upwork lets you build a team of highly skilled specialists for every function your business needs, so you can focus on what you do best and let experts handle the rest. Visit Upwork.com right now and post your job for free! - Go to Leesa.com for 30% OFF select mattresses (through September 13, 2026) PLUS get an extra $50 off with promo code TMM, exclusive for my listeners Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jason VanDevere reached financial independence by selling essentially ONE product. And then reinvesting those profits into real estate and the stock market. In this episode, we cover: The power of goal setting Why you should chase your dreams (not just money) Testing business ideas quickly and cheaply When to pivot and when to power through Creating and selling a physical product Building a business around your life (not the other way around) His “dream-driven” framework and why dreaming matters The three Ls of business And much more. If you got value from this episode, please subscribe and share it with a friend! Links From the Episode GoalCrazy.com YouTube Interview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxz-haX6d30 Join the Community We'd love to hear your comments and questions about this week's episode. Here are some of the best ways to stay in touch and get involved in The FI Show community! Grab the Ultimate FI Spreadsheet Join our Facebook Group Leave us a voicemail Send an email to contact [at] TheFIshow [dot] com If you like what you hear, please subscribe and leave a rating/review! >> You can do that by clicking here 

GBAG Nation explores the potential return of station bet payoffs and the associated liability concerns before shifting focus to the Dallas Cowboys' upcoming schedule and defensive outlook. They also react to Mavericks and Rangers news while sharing entertaining listener stories during the weekly Ls and Dubs segment. 01:53 - Fashion And Bet Payoffs 07:11 - Cowboys Early Season Confidence 13:21 - Mavericks And Rangers Updates 20:36 - National Sports Update 24:00 - Fantasy Football Draft Stories 28:21 - Top Ten Fantasy Players 37:11 - Cowboys Training Camp Struggles

On today's episode we are joined by a woman who has built her entire community around actually walking the walk when it comes to putting business back into the hands of women — one fourth of the infamous Quad Pod, Bri Norberg.Bri is the founder of Powered by Women® based out of Sacramento, California and currently building what is easily the most anticipated networking app built for women in business.And before we get into any of that, you should know how we got here. The Quad Pod met as complete strangers on the internet. On paper, we were direct competition. Four communities, four founders, all doing the same thing. And within a shockingly short window we were handing each other our P&Ls without a second thought. No hesitation, no questions asked. That does not happen by accident. It happens because we poured into each other first.Which is the whole reason this conversation goes where it goes.Eight years of community. Eight years of events. And in those eight years Bri watched the same thing happen over and over again. Women showing up. Doing the work. Having the conversations. And then walking away with absolutely nothing to show for it. No system. No follow up. No way to track what their network was actually producing.So she's fixing it.In this episode we get into:Why collaboration over competition doesn't count until it costs you somethingWhy connection without a system is just a nice memoryWhat it takes to stop collecting ideas and actually build oneWhy community builders need rooms full of other community buildersThe three ring framework: the human, the life, and only then the businessCONNECT WITH BRIInstagram: @poweredbywomenco @itsmebrinorbergPowered by Women Live — September 25–27, Sacramento, CAPBWL Tickets: www.poweredbywomen.com/live (discount code SPEAKER50)CONNECT WITH HALEYInstagram: @thehaleywestfallWebsite: www.haleywestfall.comTikTok: @thehaleywestfallLinkedIn: Haley WestfallSubscribe to The Weekly PourGrab your ticket to The Table Experience 2027 | Feb 5-6 | Phoenix, Arizona

Its sports... FSU W s & Ls - more Ls than Ws.... Cuptocuplife.com

We witnessed a gaggle of Ls this week as Amazon/Twitch launch opt-out AI training on their streamers to everyone's dismay. Even more abysmal AI news: An ex-writer within Saber Interactive allegedly replaced by AI and the CEO has a very healthy reaction. Luckily we finally get our first real look at Kingdom Hearts 4 and it's launching sooner than we thought! Games this week: Continuing Big Walk, KOTOR 2, Sandustry, DIVE or DIE, ReStory and more! 00:00:00 - Intro00:01:00 - To the MOON00:04:00 - War Dogs00:09:20 - Mortal Shell 200:14:00 - Twitch/Amazon training AI off streamers00:29:00 - Writer gets replaced by AI00:41:00 - Weird things in WoW00:49:00 - Terraria Calamity mod shutting down00:54:30 - Kingdom Hearts 4 news00:57:00 - Marvel Rivals doing extremely well01:00:42 - People upset with Wolverine?01:07:00 - Elder Scrolls 6 looks great according to CEO of game01:09:50 - Alan Wake 2 sells 3 million copies01:13:20 - BEEG Walk01:19:50 - Falcom reports 110% profit growth from Trails in the Sky 101:21:00 - Fire Emblem Fortune's Weave01:26:50 - Marvel Tokon gets PC patch01:35:30 - Zeke played KOTOR201:44:50 - Sandustry01:49:40 - Lootbound01:59:00 - Chop Chop Inc.02:04:30 - DIVE or DIE02:11:20 - Pax Autocratica02:23:00 - Servant of the Lake02:30:00 - Below, Rusted Gods02:36:40 - Cat Mail Co.02:42:20 - ReStory02:49:00 - Dragonsword Awakening02:59:00 - Shoutouts See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Virginia unpacks her personal journey of faith and curiosity to reveal how universal principles govern our true recovery and mental health. She shares the development of her transformative approach, examining the global vision to reach people with principles of liberty and justice. She discusses how when we fail to admit our limitations and ignore hidden patterns or shadow beliefs, the ensuing internal contradictions breed deep confusion, chaos, and dis-ease within our systems. By applying the five Ls of R.E.S.T. (Light, Life, Liberty, Love, Law) and consciously choosing to feed the voice of our highest calling, we can reconcile our spirit, soul, and body, ultimately healing the hemorrhaging heart of this generation.Where to Find VirginiaWebsiteInstagramFacebookLinkedInDonate

토론 주제: 1. ‘롤러코스피' 원인과 하반기 증시 향방은? 2. 코스피 7천피 회복할까? 투자 전략은? 출연: 박정호 명지대 실물투자분석학과 교수, 염승환 LS증권 이사 진행: 황현희

Brandon Fix is a Division General Manager at Renuity Home, where he leads one of the company's largest operating divisions. A former U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Officer, he brings a systems-driven approach to leadership, translating military decision-making, operational discipline, and team development into managing complex businesses and P&Ls.Topics:Why Special Ops Make Elite OperatorsThe Military-to-P&L Mental ModelBuilding a Sales Org That ScalesWhat Servant Leadership Means...and so much more.Top TakeawaysGreat operators see people behind every line item. Brandon doesn't treat a P&L as a spreadsheet to optimize. According to his military-to-P&L mental model, marketing is intelligence, sales are the first team into the field, operations deliver the mission, and support functions enable execution. When conversion drops, he looks at sales leadership before the sales report. When marketing underperforms, he asks whether the team has the right intelligence. Financial performance to him is the outcome of how well those teams are led.At scale, your biggest lever is talent. As Brandon's organization grew to a 1,000-person, $350M division, he couldn't be everywhere at once. His job shifted from solving problems to making sure the right leaders were solving them. That meant hiring leaders who can operate independently, coaching them well, and making tough people decisions before small leadership gaps become big operational problems.Don't just build skills, learn to communicate them. Brandon believes his military experience gave him the leadership skills to run a business. But earning that opportunity required learning the language of finance, operations, and private equity so employers could connect his experience to the role. His advice: learn to translate your experience into the language of the role you're pursuing.About Renuity HomeRenuity Home is one of the largest home improvement platforms in the U.S., providing replacement windows, doors, bathrooms, kitchens, garages, closets, and other remodeling services through a family of national and regional brands. The company operates across 40 states, employs 1,000+ people, and has served over 300,000 homeowners, making it a notable example of building scale through acquisitions while preserving strong local operating brands.Investors & Operators is brought to you by 51 Labs51 Labs is a marketing agency for the lower middle market. We offer full-service digital marketing for PE, portfolio companies, IB, VC, hedge funds.Brand Identity, Marketing Strategy, Marketing & AGM Video, LinkedIn Strategy & Execution, Web Design & Development, Growth Support & more400+ videos100+ projects#1 content creator on LinkedIn in the lower middle market

In this episode, Frank talks with Nick D'Andrea, owner of AMDG Advisors in Moosic, about helping founder- and family-owned businesses prepare for and execute sell-side M&A. They cover how owners should think about legacy vs. cash goals, what buyers focus on (EBITDA, margins, trailing 12 months), common financial red flags like accounts receivable and messy P&Ls, and why it's best to engage an advisor before signing an LOI. Nick outlines his end-to-end sales process from CIM creation and buyer outreach to management presentations, LOIs, due diligence, and closing, plus typical deal structures like owners staying on, rolling equity, or bonuses for employees. Nick shares his background in big accounting and transactions, his move back from Philadelphia, and how to contact him at amdgadvisors.com.To learn more, visit their website or LinkedIn.If you or someone you know wants to be featured on our podcast, visit our website! 

We sit down with Jack Tarandetti fresh off winning the Northern Territory State title in 200 Open and trace the full path that gets him there, from early kart days to hard lessons in speedway and back again. We talk honestly about the moments that nearly broke the momentum, the people who backed him, and the brand new sprintcar chapter kicking off with WX21. • early racing roots, shed banter and the push to choose racing over distractions • starting in rookie dirt karts, learning on imperfect gear and building consistency • stepping through junior classes, travelling for meetings and making it a family programme • trying junior sedans, dealing with the repair grind and choosing a better fit • returning to 125 racing with renewed focus and better equipment • Ben “Bully” Bull's support, the KT twin opportunity and the first 200 Open podium • NT title win, what changes mentally after getting a plate • sprintcar build details, 360 LS plans and the WA speedway schedule • WA title nominations, field strength and what to watch in each class • favourite tracks and corners, why multi-line tracks create the best racing • balancing full-time work, life outside racing and keeping the kart programme alive Anyone that wants to get involved, sponsor-wise, help anything, yeah, anything. If you know anyone that you want on the show, reach out, send us messages. Send us Fan MailSupport the show

A listenerreached out after sending us several emails, and his story is one that so manycouples in the swingers lifestyle (LS) will relate to. After steppingaway from swinging, he and his wife found their way back—and he shares howadvice from the Swingers Couch Podcast helped them rebuild theirconfidence, reconnect as a couple, and return to the lifestyle stronger thanever.We also diveinto one of the most important conversations every couple should have beforeentering an open marriage, ethical non-monogamy (ENM), or the swingerlifestyle: the "What If Something Happens?" rule. What doyou do if emotions change, boundaries get crossed, or life takes an unexpectedturn? This simple conversation could save your relationship.And to wrapup the episode, our listener shares a story you won't want to miss—one thattakes an unexpected turn and ends with a memorable, very sexy surprise.If you'recurious about how to start swinging, returning to the lifestyle after abreak, setting healthy boundaries, or learning from real couples' experiences,this episode is packed with practical advice and honest conversation.

Join Denis Yurchenko, Founder and CEO of MTLAB and creator of Uverest, for an insider look at the fundamental shift transforming global retail infrastructure. For thirty years, e-commerce personalization—from Amazon search rankings to social media feeds—has been paid for by the seller, making the consumer the product rather than the customer. Amazon's $50 billion annual ad business represents a tax on product relevance, forcing consumers to navigate sponsored listings and broken checkout funnels. Denis breaks down why traditional Web architecture fails AI agents, how Uverest provides a buyer-loyal data and checkout layer, and why incumbent marketplace giants cannot copy buyer-aligned AI without destroying their core business models.

In this Multifamily Minute episode, Axel gets introspective on a concept he's been wrestling with personally: the psychological relationship investors have with money as their portfolio grows — and why the skill that helps you scale can quietly become the thing that costs you the most.Using poker as a framework, Axel maps the psychological arc of the growing investor — from the early-stage necessity of emotional detachment, to the mid-stage risk of becoming too numb, to the mature-stage discipline of swinging the pendulum back and reassigning real dollar value to every line item in the business.This episode is essential listening for any investor who has started delegating, doing more deals, and moving faster — and who wants an honest gut-check on whether their relationship with spending in the business has quietly drifted in the wrong direction.Join us as we dive into:The Hawaii vacation story: a routine electrical bid that came in $1,500 high nearly got approved on autopilot — and what that moment revealed about how Axel thinks about money in the business today.Why developing emotional detachment from dollar variance is a necessary skill for any investor growing from 5 to 15 to 50 units — and how holding onto stress about every water heater replacement prevents delegation and scale.The poker analogy: why elite poker players must strip emotion from their decision-making at the table, and why the same psychology applies to real estate investors managing day-to-day swings.Why detachment needs to apply to the upswings too — staying disciplined when a cash-out refi returns more than expected, or a deal comes in under budget.How the pendulum swings too far: as businesses grow, faster decision-making and more line items on more P&Ls make it easy to approve lump sum quotes without analyzing what's inside them.The Silicon Valley startup parallel: when you have a war chest and are running with urgency, individual cost line items stop feeling material — the same dynamic happens in real estate as portfolios scale.Why this episode speaks most directly to investors with 15–50+ units who are actively running a business, managing teams, and moving fast across multiple deals simultaneously.Are you looking to invest in real estate, but don't want to deal with the hassle of finding great deals, signing on debt, and managing tenants? Aligned Real Estate Partners provides investment opportunities to passive investors looking for the returns, stability, and tax benefits multifamily real estate offers, but without the work - join our investor club to be notified of future investment opportunities.Connect with Axel:Follow him on InstagramConnect with him on LinkedinSubscribe to our YouTube channelLearn more about Aligned Real Estate Partners

Rodriguez Vazquez, et al. v. Bostock, et al., No. 25-6842 (9th Cir. July 30, 2026)class action; no mandatory detention for EWIs; Hurtado; seeking admission; INA § 235(a)(2)(B); Laken Riley Act; applicant for admission entry; canon against superfluity  Cirrus Rojas v. Olson, et al., No. 25-3127 (7th Cir. July 30, 2026)mootness; deemed; no mandatory detention for EWIs; Hurtado; seeking admission; INA § 235(a)(2)(B); applicant for admission entry; canon of constitutional avoidance; plain text Matter of A-L-S-, 29 I&N Dec. 794 (BIA 2026)bond; flight risk; speculative relief; clear error review; long time residence and employment in U.S. as negative factors for bond  Matter of L-L-R-, 29 I&N Dec. 799 (BIA 2026)good moral character; possibly alien smuggling even if dropped off at the border; Al Otro Lado; INA § 101(f)(3);  Matter of A-W-M-K-, 29 I&N Dec. 805 (BIA 2026)bond; flight risk; USCIS decision as evidence; speculative relief; suspected human right violations; Afghanistan  United States v. Lopez, No. 24-3268 (9th Cir. July 28, 2026) Cal. Pen. Code § 273.5; crime of violence; Borden; Gomez; mens rea and use of force; recklessness; general intent crimes; assault; battery; use of “willful” in statute not determinative Perez-Hernandez v. Blanche, No. 25-3592 (6th Cir.  July 28, 2026)motion to suppress; egregious constitutional violate; race-based stop; Miranda warnings; intra familial dispute in Guatemala; nexus; relocation for CAT Kim v. Blanche, No. 24-2042 (1st Cir. July 30, 2026)sua sponte motion to reopen; conviction vacatur; citation to vacatur statute alone sufficient to establish procedural or substantive defect; Super. Ct. R. Crim P. 11Kurzban Kurzban Tetzeli and Pratt P.A.Immigration, serious injury, and business lawyers serving clients in Florida, California, and all over the world for over 40 years.eimmigration"Immigration law software you'll love to use."get.eimmigration.com/IRP Gonzales & Gonzales Immigration BondsP: (833) 409-9200immigrationbond.com Stafi"Remote staffing solutions for businesses of all sizes"Click me!Want to become a patron?Show the Podcast some loooovvveeeCONTACT INFORMATION:Email: kgregg@kktplaw.comFacebook: @immigrationreviewInstagram: @immigrationreviewTwitter: @immreviewAbout your hostCase notesRecent criminal-immigration article (p.18)Featured in San Diego VoyagerSupport the show

VOV1 - Ngày 17/01/2016, viên đá đầu tiên của Đài tưởng niệm nghĩa sĩ Hoàng Sa được đặt xuống trên đỉnh núi Thới Lới...Trong buổi lễ hôm ấy, tiếng hát ru của bà Đỗ Thị Hảo vang lên đã khiến những người có mặt khi đó lặng đi.Hoàng Sa đi có về khôngLệnh vua sai phải quyết lòng ra đi....Cũng ngày đó, bà Đỗ Thị Hảo, người cuối cùng trên đảo Lý Sơn còn giữ được trọn vẹn kho hát ru Hoàng Sa cổ xưa - đã không chỉ hát cho những người có mặt ngày hôm đó nghe, mà còn hát cho hàng trăm năm lịch sử của cha ông, cho những hồn nghĩa sĩ còn nằm lại giữa biển khơi Hoàng Sa nghe.Và hôm nay, tôi muốn kể cho bạn nghe câu chuyện về người phụ nữ ấy, về những lời ru mà đến nay, chưa bao giờ tắt trên đảo tiền tiêu.

David Richter, author of Profit First for Real Estate Investing and founder of Simple CFO, walks through how to onboard a fractional CFO the right way so the relationship pays off from day one. He explains what makes a CFO relationship different from working with a bookkeeper or CPA and what both sides need to bring to the table.This solo episode covers the prep work that gets you clarity faster, why every relevant person on your finance team belongs in the process, and how being honest about your money mindset shapes the whole engagement. If you're about to bring on a CFO or thinking about it, this one shows you exactly what to prepare and what to expect.Timeline Summary[0:26] – David sets up the episode on how to make your CFO relationship the best right off the bat[0:44] – The difference between onboarding well and just showing up unprepared[1:08] – Why total honesty during onboarding matters more with a CFO than any other money person[1:26] – How a CFO relationship differs from a bookkeeper's transactions or a CPA's tax focus[1:47] – The reluctant spouse problem and why all relevant people need to be on the early calls[2:24] – Book recommendation on money mindset from Morgan Housel for anyone struggling with it[2:59] – Accounting for the Numberphobic for owners intimidated by balance sheets and P&Ls[3:16] – Doing the groundwork yourself so less foundation has to be laid during onboarding[3:38] – Bring your existing bookkeeper and CPA into the process to make the handoff seamless[4:16] – You're the orchestra conductor, so connect the right people to the right systems[4:32] – Why owners avoid looking at finances most when money is tightest[4:54] – Telling your CFO how you actually feel about money instead of hiding it[5:10] – What the CFO should be doing: prepping you, starting where you are, asking good questions[5:47] – Why the relationship has to be two sided, a yin and yang, not one person pouring in[6:05] – Facing hard things, building reserves, and putting systems in place for better decisions5 Key TakeawaysLead With Total Honesty — A CFO relationship works only if you share what you actually want and where you're struggling. Hiding your money mindset just slows down the results you came for.A CFO Is Not A Bookkeeper Or CPA — Bookkeepers handle transactions and CPAs handle taxes. A CFO focuses on how money affects you, how much you keep, and the mindsets holding you back.Get Everyone On The Call — If a spouse or partner shares the finances, they belong on the early calls too. A reluctant participant who checks out undermines the whole engagement.Do The Groundwork First — Reading up on Profit First, balance sheets, and money psychology before you start means less foundation to lay. You get to clarity and better decisions faster.Bring Your Whole Finance Team — You're the conductor, so introduce your existing bookkeeper and CPA to your new CFO. Connecting the right people and systems makes the handoff seamless.Links & ResourcesSimple CFO — https://simplecfo.comProfit First for Real Estate Investing by David Richter — https://profitfirstrei.comThe Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel — https://www.morganhousel.comThe Art of Spending Money by Morgan Housel — https://www.morganhousel.comAccounting for the Numberphobic by Dawn Fotopulos — https://www.harpercollinsleadership.comEnjoyed This Episode?If this gave you a clear picture of what to prepare before your first CFO call, put it to work before you sit down with anyone. Share this episode with a business owner who's been avoiding their finances, and follow the show and leave a rating and review so more real estate investors can build the kind of money relationship that actually keeps them in control.

With Josh Tomolak, Vice President of Independent Advisor Services, Diamond Consultants Louis Diamond and Josh Tomolak unpack today's IBD vs. RIA landscape, explaining what has changed, where each model excels, and how to determine which path best supports the business you want to build. In Summary The independent wealth management landscape has changed dramatically, making the decision between an independent broker dealer (IBD) and an RIA more nuanced than ever before. Louis Diamond welcomes Diamond Consultants' Vice President of Independent Advisor Services, Josh Tomolak, for a practical discussion of how the independent space has evolved, what truly differentiates the IBD and RIA models today, and how advisors can evaluate which path best aligns with the business they want to build. The Storyline Not long ago, the decision to become independent was relatively straightforward. Advisors either remained with a traditional firm or pursued independence through one of a limited number of models. Today, the conversation is far more complex. Independent broker dealers have significantly expanded their capabilities, offering stronger technology, larger transition packages, greater flexibility, and even pathways to RIA ownership. At the same time, the RIA ecosystem has matured into a sophisticated marketplace supported by multiple custodians, outsourced service providers, institutional capital, and enterprise platforms that rival many of the industry's largest firms. As these developments have unfolded, the traditional distinctions between an IBD and an RIA have become less obvious. Advisors evaluating their options are no longer simply asking whether they should become independent—they're asking which model best supports the clients they serve, the business they envision, and the lifestyle they want to create. In this Industry Update, Louis and Josh unpack the realities behind the IBD vs. RIA decision. They discuss where the two models overlap, where meaningful differences still exist, and why factors like service, technology, economics, operational responsibility, enterprise value, and long-term optionality often matter more than labels alone. Whether you're considering changing independent firms, launching your own RIA, or simply want a better understanding of how the independent landscape has evolved, this conversation provides an objective framework for evaluating today's choices—and preparing for tomorrow's opportunities. Topics Covered Independent Broker Dealer (IBD) vs. RIA models The evolution of supportive independence Technology investments across the independent space Transition support and advisor mobility Capital solutions and recruiting economics Business formation and enterprise value Launching an independent RIA Multi-custodial platforms and open architecture Minority investments and succession planning Future trends shaping advisor independence > Download a transcript of this episode… Listen and Learn Highlights for Advisors Why are already-independent advisors reconsidering their current model? (5:27) Josh explains why service, technology, economics, and growing optionality are causing advisors to reevaluate their existing affiliations. How have independent broker dealers and RIAs become more alike? (19:28) Louis and Josh discuss the growing convergence between the two models and why the distinction is becoming less obvious than many advisors assume. What really separates an IBD from an RIA? (25:04) A practical discussion of autonomy, compliance, flexibility, custody, economics, and advisor experience. What misconceptions keep advisors from launching an RIA? (36:29) Josh outlines the “Four Pillars” of launching an RIA and explains where advisors tend to either overestimate or underestimate the operational realities. Which advisors thrive most in each model? (33:12) The conversation explores why there isn't a universally “better” model—only one that's better aligned with an advisor's goals. What trends are quietly reshaping independence? (42:13) Minority investments, enterprise value, business formation, and changing revenue models may have an even greater impact than advisors realize today. Key Takeaways Independence has evolved from a destination into an ongoing strategic decision. Independent broker dealers have significantly improved technology, transition support, economics, and flexibility. The RIA ecosystem has matured into a highly sophisticated marketplace with broad outsourcing and support options. Choosing between an IBD and an RIA should begin with long-term business objectives—not industry perceptions. Building a valuable business depends more on business structure and scalability than simply growing assets. Advisors considering independence should evaluate models with an open mind rather than relying on outdated assumptions. The next decade will likely bring continued convergence between independent business models. https://youtu.be/jHDVso2TsmQ Quotable Moments “The question is no longer, ‘Do I want to go independent?' The question is, ‘What kind of independence makes the most sense for my clients, business, and goals?'” “Business formation is far more important than assets under management.” “The way you build your business will ultimately determine how valuable that business becomes.” “Everything in an RIA is going to cost you either your time or your money.” FAQs Is there still a meaningful difference between an IBD and an RIA? Yes. While the two models increasingly overlap, they differ in areas such as flexibility, compliance structure, operational responsibility, economics, and control. Why are more independent advisors changing firms today? Improved technology, stronger transition support, evolving economics, and better service models are prompting many advisors to reassess whether their current platform still fits their business. Is launching an RIA easier than it used to be? Yes. Supportive independence, outsourced service providers, and improved custodial resources have significantly reduced many of the historical barriers. Does every entrepreneurial advisor belong in the RIA model? No. The best fit depends on an advisor's appetite for ownership, customization, operational responsibility, and long-term vision. What matters more: assets under management or how the business is built? Josh argues that scalable business formation often has a greater impact on enterprise value than AUM alone. What's the biggest mistake advisors make when evaluating independence? Starting with assumptions instead of objectives. The most effective due diligence begins by defining the business you're trying to build, then identifying the model best suited to support it. Yes. While the two models increasingly overlap, they differ in areas such as flexibility, compliance structure, operational responsibility, economics, and control. Improved technology, stronger transition support, evolving economics, and better service models are prompting many advisors to reassess whether their current platform still fits their business. Yes. Supportive independence, outsourced service providers, and improved custodial resources have significantly reduced many of the historical barriers. No. The best fit depends on an advisor's appetite for ownership, customization, operational responsibility, and long-term vision. Josh argues that scalable business formation often has a greater impact on enterprise value than AUM alone. Starting with assumptions instead of objectives. The most effective due diligence begins by defining the business you're trying to build, then identifying the model best suited to support it. Related Resources IBD vs. RIA Comparison Guide IBD vs. RIA Revisited: Two Independent Pathways for Advisors to Consider NOTE: The views and opinions expressed by the guests on this podcast are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Diamond Consultants. Neither Diamond Consultants nor the guests on this podcast are compensated in any way for their participation. View the transcript of this episode… IBD vs. RIA: A Special Industry Update on Independence A conversation with Louis Diamond and Josh Tomolak, Vice President of Independent Advisor Services at Diamond Consultants.      Louis Diamond: Welcome to the latest episode of our podcast series for financial advisors. Today’s episode is IBD vs. RIA: A Special Industry Update on Independence. It’s a conversation with Josh Tomolak, our Vice President of Independent Advisor Services. I’m Louis Diamond, and this is the Diamond Podcast for Financial Advisors. Mindy Diamond: At Diamond Consultants, we help elite advisors identify the right environment for their businesses to thrive, whether that’s at a wirehouse, boutique, or independent firm. With nearly three decades of experience, we’ve guided thousands of advisors and represented more than a quarter of a trillion dollars in assets transitioned. And each year, one in four advisors managing a billion dollars or more who change firms are our clients. Our process is education driven and based on building relationships, starting as your strategic partner well before you’re even thinking of a move. To schedule a confidential conversation, call us at (908) 879-1002. Wondering why advisors change firms and where they’re headed? Are transition deals going up or down? Those very questions and more inspired us to create our annual advisor transition report. It’s the award-winning data-driven resource designed for advisors that connects the dots between the motivations around movement and the firm’s appetite for top talent. Arm yourself with the knowledge you need to make smart decisions. Download your copy at diamond-consultants.com/transitionreport. Louis Diamond: For a long time, going independent would suggest the destination. Today, it’s often the beginning of a different conversation. As the independent space has matured, advisors have more choices than ever before. Broker-dealers have expanded their capabilities. The RIA ecosystem has become increasingly sophisticated. Capital is more readily available and support models now exist that would’ve been difficult to imagine a decade ago. The result is that many advisors who are already independent are taking a fresh look at whether their current affiliation still aligns with what they’re trying to build. My guest is Josh Tomolak, Vice President of Independent Advisor Services here at Diamond Consultants and our resident expert on independence. Josh spends his days helping advisors evaluate independence in all its forms from independent broker dealers, the fully independent RIAs and everything in between. And his knowledge is critical because the distinction between these models is often blurred. Many broker dealers now offer pathways to greater autonomy while supported independence has made RIA ownership more accessible than ever before. So the question is no longer simply, “Do I want to go independent?” The question is, “What kind of independence makes the most sense for client, business, and goals?” Josh shares what he’s seeing across the landscape, the misconceptions that continue to shape advisor thinking and the factors that matter most when evaluating the next chapter of an independent business. There’s a lot to discuss, so let’s get to it. Josh, thanks for joining me today. Joshua Tomolak: Thanks for having me, Louis. It’s a real privilege to have come. This is a full circle moment for me going from being a student of your podcast, to working alongside you, to being a guest. So I appreciate you having me. Louis Diamond: Amazing. I’m excited for this one too, because you have a fresh and in the weeds perspective that a lot of our guests simply don’t have. So why don’t you start off, you spend your time helping advisors evaluate independence every day. So working with advisors who are already independent, for the most part. And to me, it feels like the independent space has really evolved dramatically over the last decade. I mean, this podcast is really the epicenter of that to prove that out, but give us a little background on your past roles in the space and then we can get into what you’re seeing right now. Joshua Tomolak: Yeah, I’d be happy to. So I took a very non-traditional path into wealth management. I spent a decade as a deep sea Navy diver, and upon completing my service there, I ended up working for TD Ameritrade. And in my role there, I spent about six years doing nothing but helping financial advisors explore the RIA space, whether that was to join or partner with an RIA, sell to an RIA, or in most cases, launch their own RIA. And one of the things that I ultimately came to terms with is it’s just not the right model for everybody. While I’m a huge advocate for it, we would often lose business to the major broker-dealers of the world. And at the time, I really didn’t understand why. In the last six years at Diamond Consultants has been a very interesting purview into what a lot of the broker-dealers have done and are doing to make themselves more RIA-ish and be very compelling to the right advisor. Louis Diamond: Perfect framing. Your background is incredibly germane to the folks you work with. So let’s start off with the softball here. What are you seeing right now? Joshua Tomolak: It’s not so different than the rest of the industry, the wirehouses, the regional firms, things of that nature, that if you took 10 firms, they’re all likely to go different directions, even if they were identical practices. That could be… A third would go from an independent broker-dealer to another independent broker-dealer. Certainly the supported RIA space is growing every day and has created a lot of very fun and unique solutions for advisors, very customized and curated. And then I think there’s still a lot of really great sophisticated teams and individual contributors that are making the decision to go hyper entrepreneurial and launch their own individual RIA. So the movement’s really all over the board from my perspective. Louis Diamond: It does feel like it’s no longer independence is an alternative option or it’s on the fringes. It’s very front and center whether for breakaways, which is a big topic on our podcast, but in general, the infrastructure has become much, much more sophisticated today than ever before. Advisors have way more tools in their toolbox to serve clients, whether in the private markets or through technology. And it’s no longer that if an advisor’s independent, they’re in the minor leagues where they don’t have the same ability to serve clients like they did if they’re at a big bank or a private bank or a wirehouse. Do you agree? Joshua Tomolak: I absolutely agree. And I’m reminded of a question I got one time from a great team that I worked with in New York. They asked me, “Are there really more options than ever before? Because all we see is one firm selling to another.” And I think that’s a really great point. There’s far less broker dealers on the street than there were even five years ago. But for every Commonwealth, for example, that sells to an LPL, up pops three or four really cool private equity-backed, sophisticated RIA platform firms that are built to service their own unique advisor base. Louis Diamond: I think that’s right. Sitting on the sidelines, sitting on top of everything going on in the industry, I feel like capital is always an interesting topic forever. If an advisor wanted to move within the independent world or break away from a big firm to go independent, the only way to get capital was to go to an independent broker dealer. So we still see that, but I feel like today between all these minority acquisition opportunities, we’re seeing firms acquire practices at time of transition, which is somewhat new. There’s debt solutions, recruiting deals are way up for firms that are paying forgivable loans. RIAs now would, in some cases, will pay a forgivable note. What are you seeing there as far as the availability of capital and just deals in general? Joshua Tomolak: It’s a great question and I didn’t want to take the low-hanging fruit, but capital’s been a huge innovation, I guess, in the last five years I’d say. Just to give you rough quotes, please don’t hold me to it, but traditional transition broker-dealer deals were five years ago, 40 to 60% of Trailing Twelve revenue today are somewhere between 90 and 120%, sometimes north of that for the right team. That’s really meaningful money for the team that is thinking about foregoing a wirehouse deal, for example. I’d also say a lot of these firms are getting hyper-creative in how they solve for capital. The minority investment piece that you mentioned is very interesting. We’re seeing a lot of privatized forgivable notes in the RIA space where third-party or private lenders are basically lending the money and the RIA is making the payments on that forgivable note as long as the advisor is affiliated with them. So there’s been a recognition among the RIA space to get away from the, “Oh, they just took a check” type of mantra, and to say, “Look, I understand there are capital needs. These people are taking a risk. We need to solve for that.” So we’ve seen a lot of that in the marketplace. Louis Diamond: Very interesting. I think another thing financially, and then we’ll keep the train moving, that I know I’ve seen, and maybe you can weigh in if you’ve seen the same, is the cost to an advisor or a business owner to join an independent BD or to join an RIA has come way down, probably in part because of Schwab going to zero on trading. That’s been a catalyst. But it feels like we used to say independent BDs were expensive relative to the RIA world. And in some cases, they certainly could be. And if you’re at scale, maybe you can pick up a point or two being in the RIA world versus a BD. But when you have some of these BDs that have a basis point admin fee or no admin fee at a certain size and the payouts I feel like are similar, maybe have gone up a little bit, but it’s more so like the administrator fees, the platform fees, the program fees. Anyone who’s not in that world, it’s like, “What are you talking about?” But basically the way that these broker-dealers make money, it seems like there’s been a pretty big differential in the exchange of value where advisors now get more services, better technology, get more money to join them and get it at a lower cost. Do you agree? Joshua Tomolak: I absolutely agree. I think that maybe that’s one of the larger changes that we’ve seen, and it’s probably one of the benefits from a lot of the industry consolidation on that independent broker-dealer side. The economies of scale of these folks have allowed them to increase their tech spend, increase their service capacities all while offering it to the advisors at a cheaper price. And when I was at TD Ameritrade, one of the biggest pitches was the idea of a 100% payout and you control the fixed expenses, your technology compliance, et cetera. But what’s changed is that broker-dealers are pretty darn comparable on the expenses. All of those admin fees and things you mentioned will still exist, but they’re on a much smaller scale. And I think the question a lot of advisors are asking is, “Am I getting congruent value from my broker-dealer for what I pay for?” And while that answer might’ve been no a couple years ago, today the answer is more often yes. Louis Diamond: Yeah, I would agree. A lot of times we work with advisors who are starting an RIA or affiliating with an RIA or going to a BD and they see how big the deals are in the independent BD world and the payouts are really high and the fees are relatively low. And honestly, it is a hard decision or calculus to make, like, “How does it make sense for me to turn down this extremely lucrative deal when my ongoing economics are going to be somewhat similar in the BD world versus in the RIA space?” I think it’s just an interesting dynamic and we’ll get more into that distinction. One of the stars of the show right here is we’ve seen a ton of advisor movement across the industry. Our annual advisor transition report said that in 2025, over 11,000 experienced advisors changed firms, which is a large number. A lot of those numbers are within the independent world. So advisors who are 1099 through a BD or through an RIA transitioning to another platform or organization or starting an RIA. So why do you think we’re seeing so many advisors reconsider their current firm or their platform or their broker-dealer today than in years past? Joshua Tomolak: It’s a jarring number. 11,000 is definitely a significant amount of advisor movements. To me, it comes down to a few things, but I will say that it’s almost always a conglomeration of pushes and pulls. Pushes being inherent frustrations with your status quo, pulls being the new sexy, shiny things that you see in the marketplace that could be really impactful for your business. To me, it typically comes down to one of three things, at least on the push front, that drives advisors to movement. Service being number one, technology being number two, and economics being number three. And if we were just going to unpack those, I think service being, “Can you call somebody that knows your business, that knows your name? Are you getting the correct answers? Are you being pushed through a phone tree? And even if you’re not doing it, is it taking up a meaningful amount of time of your staff’s free time?” On the technology front, there’s very significant tech spends happening in the industry right now. I think Raymond James and LPL reported, for example, they spent 500 million in 2025 on a tech spend. So advisors are going to the places that are making their life easier. People are looking for a mechanism to really scale their business without having to add staff and a lot of expenses to the bottom line. And technology is just the fastest, most efficient way to do that most times. And then economics, certainly a lot of advisors and teams have built phenomenal businesses and they’ve made a great living without really stressing out about the economics. And they eventually get to a point in their business where what they were giving up as a million dollar producer is far different than what they’re giving up as a $4 million producer. And back to the congruent value, it perhaps stops to make as much sense. Louis Diamond: Well said. I always say when the cost-to-value ratio is out of whack, that’s when advisors sit up and take notice. And not to name names of firms, but there definitely are firms that are more expensive. And even if you look at how much a wirehouse or a Ed Jones advisor paid their firm, it’s like, “What got me here is not necessarily what’s going to get me there.” And while the name on the business card, the resources were incredibly impactful, and I’m so grateful for what my firm, my broker-dealer did for me when I was just starting or when I was smaller. Now the business is bigger, I rely upon different resources or I don’t need the firm as much. So I’d rather plow the cost savings either into income for myself or invest it in areas that are most germane to my business. And it’s usually when that kind of light bulb moment goes off, that’s one of the major pushes that cause advisors to evaluate other options. So I agree with you, those are the major push factors, but then what are the pull factors? What are the major advancements or changes across the independent space that’s causing advisors to say, “Hey, okay, I might have some frustrations, but at the same time, I also need to find something that’s more than marginally better than the firm I’m at. Otherwise, why am I going to go through the hassle, take the risk, et cetera? So what are some of the pull factors that advisors are latching onto today? Joshua Tomolak: Sure. And I might say with one final push factor, there’s a straw that breaks the proverbial camel’s back when you’ve been told for however many years that this change or that change is coming down the pipeline and it never happens. And it translates well into the pull factors is do they do what they say they’re going to do? The talking points really for the pull factors are exactly the same. So the counterpoint to service is perhaps having a direct relationship with the chief compliance officer at a firm or having a dedicated service representative that knows their stuff inside and out and can get you the answer even if they don’t know it off the top of their head. Having the technology to rebalance a household in two clicks instead of two hours. In economics, I think it’s really a transparency of economics. We’ve both worked with some really significant firms that have looked at their P&Ls and said, “where the heck is the money going?” And we’ve looked at the same P&Ls and said, “I have no idea,” because it’s so convoluted. People are happy to pay for good service, good technology, good products, but they just want to know where the money’s coming from. So I think it’s a yin and yang. The same things that they’re the push are often the pull. Louis Diamond: Definitely. I’ll give you a couple other from my perspective. I’ll say first specific to the independent BD world, and then we’ll dive into the RIA, I think it’s a little bit different. But I think some other will say innovations or changes that are causing advisors to really perk up and listen and really make the case to themselves that life will be better at this new organization than the status quo or staying put. We’ve seen major advancements in transition support, whether it’s being able to do a transition without a shred of paper, being able to… I mean, we’ve seen some independent advisors move their entire book within two weeks, which never would’ve happened before. So the firms that I’d say are playing offense, the larger firms that are winning, they have insane headcount around transitions and are always investing in technology, whether now on the AI front or in general. And we’ve seen transitions, they’re never easy. So that’s not a comment to say it’s easy, but a lot of the friction, a lot of the manual work has been taken away, which is massive. You definitely mentioned the significant technology spend. I mean, just the innovations going on across the industry. There’s definitely some firms that are laggards on technology and others that are light years ahead, whether because their tech is more integrated or they’ve built out their platform to be more, we’ll say modular, to plug in different third-party softwares where an advisor can really customize and create their own tech stack. I think there’s been some changes on compliance. It used to be if you’re at an independent BD, you had to be the OSJ by yourself or you had to roll up under an OSJ. But now most BDs offer home office supervision, so a big friction or pain point is taken away. And then I’ll give you a bridge to talk about what we’re seeing on the RIA side. But we’ve also seen, I would say, a real blurring of the lines between what you would traditionally think of as an independent broker dealer versus what was an RIA. So whether it’s an internal pathway where it’s like, “Start off on our independent BD platform, get the big deal, get the support, but then you can ditch that and just use this as a custodian or you can sell the business to us when you want to retire and convert to W2.” So in that vein, transitioning internally to an RIA, give me the same points like, “What are the major advancements or changes you’re seeing on the RIA side today?” Joshua Tomolak: I love that you said that because it’s been one of the most interesting changes to watch. Independent broker dealers becoming more like RIAs, and to your point, being more flexible, having more optionality, a more curated experience in some cases. And in many cases becoming closer to independent broker dealers with some of these massive shops that we’ve seen be created over the last five years that now have hundreds, if not thousands of advisors. To your question on the internal RIA slide as we sometimes call it, this really didn’t exist many places a few years ago. And I think it’s been created as both originally a retention tool in many places for the advisors that were with a major independent broker dealer and they ultimately wanted to have their own ADV and their own RIA. And the firm didn’t want to lose all the assets to an independent custodian so they gave them the green light to… And it’s ultimately became a sales tool in many cases. Just to use a couple of examples across the industry, I mean, Raymond James has Raymond James Custody Services, which has attracted a lot of really sophisticated teams. I know Wells Fargo Finance done something similar and even the counterparts over at Cetera and Osaic are trying to do the same thing. So it’s a recognition in my view that we want to keep the best talent possible. And if these folks are ultimately going to go RIA anyway, it’s less about the money and more about the flexibility and control that it offers them. So what can we do to keep those folks on board? And rightfully so, a lot of senior management of these firms have said, “Let’s not lose these teams. It’s going to be a lower margin business for us, but at the rate that they’re growing, it’s going to pay off in the long run.” Louis Diamond: Well said. RIAs are now more mainstream. And some of these RIAs, they’re either resembling independent BDs or I would even go so far to say the valuations that are even publicly available on some RIAs is definitely having people take notice. I mean, Cerity Partners recently raised capital at an over $8 billion reported valuation. Crescent was well over a billion. Firms like Mariner, Creative Planning, Mercer, Wealth Enhancement Group, and there’s many that I’m missing, are all worth a couple billion dollars or more and growing. Do you think that’s had an impact on the legitimacy or the staying power of the RIA model? Joshua Tomolak: Oh, absolutely. There’s no doubt about it. I mean, those groups that you mentioned and many more are winning some of the biggest teams on the street. I mean, if you pull up a run-of-the-mill advisor hub article, for example, you’ll see as many of those RIAs win significant businesses as you will their broker-dealer counterparts, partially in my opinion, due to the massive valuations these firms are fetching. And it’s much more of a partnership in the sense that joining a Crescent or a Wealth Enhancement Group, as you mentioned, you’re a part of a boutique group of maybe a couple of hundred very sophisticated high-producing advisors all playing under the same banner, all rowing in the same direction, and that creates substantial growth. Louis Diamond: Exactly right. I think two other things to me that’s driving the legitimacy or the growth of the RIA segment, there’s so many different outsourcing solutions that have popped up, whether it’s more of a… We’ll say a bundled or a package outsourcing solution through firms like Dynasty and Sanctuary. LPL has done a ton with having a shared services outsourcing model. So you have those. But you also have, I mean, probably 10 different firms I could think of that can be an outsourced chief compliance officer. You have tons of marketing agencies that specialize in helping RIAs. You have all these FinTechs popping up to support the RIA space. Really, it’s like anything and everything can be outsourced now. And even the big Wall Street banks like UBS, Merrill, et cetera, they’re attempting to sell and distribute product into the RIA space. Venture funds, private equity funds, anyone you talk to is trying to get a piece of the RIA space, which means there’s more product and platform availability than ever before. And I think it’s massive because one, it’s a catalyst for teams who say, “I love everything about the RIA world. I just don’t want to do it on my own,” or, “I don’t know where to start.” But also it means that they can look their clients in the eye and say, “Hey, not only do I have the same stuff that I had for you at XYZ firm, I can actually do more for you.” And even if you look at what the custodians are doing on the lending side now, Schwab owning a bank is massive and being able to facilitate mortgages, securities-backed loans, things that didn’t really exist in the past. I think it’s a very exciting time for advisors either that are independent or are considering the independent space because you have all these choices and it’s really like, “Choose your own adventure. Give me your top five things you want.” I’m sure it exists and we can find it and make it happen. And I don’t think we’d have the same confidence in that statement 5, 7, 10 years ago. Joshua Tomolak: I couldn’t agree more. That’s such a huge development is the marketplace of third party vendors in any kind of capitalism environment. There’s problems that people encounter and there’s really smart people that are trying to make a lot of money that go to market to solve them. And we’ve seen a ton of that over the last few years. Louis Diamond: Exactly right. Yeah, it’s like also… If an advisor looks around and says, “Hey, this is what I want,” and it doesn’t exist, oftentimes that’s a light bulb moment to be like, “Okay, I’ll go build it. I’ll do it on my own.” Whether it was Stewart Partners when they launched a number of years ago or Hightower, Dynasty, et cetera. They were all started by people that said, “Hey, I see a big gap in the ecosystem. Let’s create a business and raise capital to go solve it and then deliver this service to other like-minded advisors or business owners.” Honestly, it’s a treat to be able to watch all this happen in real time. We probably should have laid the groundwork with this next question, but I think it’s an important one. What’s the difference between a independent broker-dealer and an RIA? Really basic foundational. It sounds like the lines are blurred. There’s probably a lot of similarities. Advisors are successful in both. It’s not like one’s better than the other. How would you explain the differences, if a client of ours asked, “What’s the difference between an independent broker-dealer and IBD versus an RIA”? Joshua Tomolak: Get into the core of it. Again, the lines are blurred, and I’ll stay very high level on the strategic differences, but I like to use this example. I drive a Toyota Tundra. Really like the truck, gets me from A to B. Now, if I were getting to a point where I wanted a new vehicle, if I were to go get another Toyota Tundra because I really like a lot of aspects of it, but I want the one with the bigger screen and the bigger tires and the power seats, and I have rolled down windows because I have a fear of drowning. But if I want a lot of the bells and whistles, but I want to keep the foundation, that’s what I align to a independent broker-dealer to independent broker-dealer. You like the foundation of everything all under one roof. You like a lot of the resources, but you have some meaningful frustrations and you want to see if another provider in the market can solve for those or you can upgrade. If I instead, Louis, decided that I wanted a sports car or a Jeep Wrangler or something, I would be looking at a different category altogether. That’s how I articulate the platform space. They provide the same services and support in many cases that an independent broker-dealer does, think of marketing and a tech stack and regulatory oversight and a fellowship in a community, but they’re built on an RIA TC registered chassis. They’re typically far more customized so you can shop the street to get a lot more of the things that you like, though you are walking away from maybe some of the things that you’ve liked in the independent broker-dealer model. So I guess that’s the highest level I might explain it, just a little bit more minutia in any broker-dealer is going to be a FINRA registered, FINRA member broker-dealer. So they’re subject to the FINRA rules, which basically means it’s the compliance interpretation of those rules that they have to follow. So LPL’s rules may be slightly different than Cetera’s than Ameriprise’s because it’s based on their interpretations of the rules. In the RIA space, everybody really operates on the fiduciary standard. So it’s just a different lens that from a compliance standpoint, business is looked at. And a lot of people would make the argument that it’s just easier to get things done when you’re looking at something from that lens. I might’ve gone too compliance nerd on you there, but I’d be curious what you think some of the major differences are. Louis Diamond: Yeah, I think that’s right. I mean, it sounds like if you’re in the RIA world in some capacity that you as the advisor or business owner are going to have a little bit more control and autonomy and flexibility. One, do you think that’s true? And what are the reasons why that is? Is it platform? Is it strictly just compliance is easier? What are the different ways that an RIA would have more or less flexibility than someone who’s with an independent BD? Joshua Tomolak: Yeah, I think it’s overwhelmingly true, but it certainly depends on your business. Within most RIA platforms, you’re going to be one of a couple dozen, maybe a couple hundred, where you’re going to have people within that firm that really know your business. So the experience in getting things done is much less about, “Can I do this,” or, “Can I not do this?” And it’s, “Louis, I understand you asked for this. We’re going to run into these issues, but let’s figure out how to get to yes.” So it’s far more curated by people that are not operating on black and white rules and can actually figure out how to get to yes for your business. The other thing I would say is that most significant RIA platforms have multiple custodial options. So many times you’ll see as few as two or as many as five. So if an advisor or a team is trying to bring on a new piece of business or do something creative, that might be something they can use a different custodial relationship to accomplish. It might be something that Goldman Sachs does really well but is in its infancy at Fidelity, or it might be international business that’s approved on Pershing’s platform but not Schwab’s platform. So the RIA partner that you’re with can really look at those custodians agnostically and say, “What’s the best home for this business? What’s the best way to get this done for Louis?” There’s a couple examples of where I see the flexibility in practice. Louis Diamond: Yeah, I think one more too would be the concept of being able to shop the street. I’ve heard it described as becoming a buy-side advocate for your clients versus being a professional seller. So meaning, if I’m affiliated with an RIA or I’m operating my own RIA, there’s no selling away like there is at a wirehouse or at certain BDs. So if I have a client who’s trying to get a $10 million loan for a new building that they’re breaking ground on, if I’m at UBS, Merrill, Morgan Stanley, captive to a BD, I can go to my firm and say, “Hey, this $10 million loan, here it is. What are the terms? What are the rates? Will you take on this business?” And the firm will say, “Yes. No. Yes, here are the terms. Here’s the caveats, et cetera.” But it’s a very closed market process and an advisor has to live and die by what their firm says. Versus in the RIA world, it’s, “Okay, I have relationships with nine different banks and I can go to these different banks and private credit funds and whoever and really create either an option process for my client or really just help them in a fully agnostic open way.” And we see the same thing when it comes to alternative investments. No one at a wirehouse, let’s say, is complaining that they don’t have enough alts that they can offer clients. Those firms have done an amazing job with really boiling the ocean and having tons and tons of options for private investments, hedge funds, et cetera. But if you’re in the RIA world, you can take it to the next level and say, “Hey, this $3 million startup company that my friend is starting, I’m going to help them raise capital,” or, “My client wants to get a syndicate of investors together to have a direct investment into a qualified opportunity zone fund that they’re starting. Let’s do it when we can advise on it.” So it really expands what an advisor is able to do on behalf of clients. Like to me, that’s the most interesting or exciting part of the RIA model. You can get some of that within the BD world, but to me, when an advisor’s business becomes more sophisticated as far as what their end client’s needs are, it tends to translate better to the RIA world than the BD world. Not to say there aren’t ultra-high net worth focused advisors at BDs, but because of that additional flexibility, autonomy, customization, et cetera, that speaks more RIA. So again, absolutely not down at all on the independent BDs because I think there’s a massive home for them. Josh, let me turn it back to you. I’m rambling now. Give me the pitch for an independent BD. What are the things that are misperceptions that people have? What are the advantages that an independent broker dealer like an LPL or a RayJ or a Cetera have over RIAs or over other models in general? Joshua Tomolak: Absolutely. And I’d say I’ve learned more over the last six years from some of your ramblings than most people learn in an MBA course, so keep doing what you’re doing. But it’s funny being in this position now, having spent so much time sort of selling against the IBD model within TD Ameritrade, but what I’ve learned is it’s a good home for everybody. And a lot of times the advisors that they’re entrepreneurial enough where they like having their name on the door, but they’re not so entrepreneurial where they want to build everything out themselves, that’s where the independent broker dealers absolutely kill it. Their economics have gotten to a point where they’re really competitive. They offer transition capital that isn’t even going to be comparable in the RIA space unless you’re selling a minority share of your business. And you mentioned LPL, or we could really list all of the major ones, there’s not a department that they don’t have. It could be as nuance as finding 403(b) payroll slots or it could be as mainstream as fixed income or setting up events. There are all kinds of really neat departments that these all under one roof independent broker dealers have invested in. And a lot of times they make an effort to make you very much aware of all of the support because most people don’t use it. So I would say for the advisors that are looking to get their improved Toyota Tundra, then you can get probably 70 or 80% of what you want within the independent broker-dealer world. And you can also keep 20 or 30% of the stuff, maybe more that you really liked at your previous firm. So I think that’s where it really shines. I sometimes call it an incremental change rather than a transformational change. But for many advisors, incremental is really good enough if you get to keep the familiarity of how you’ve been doing business for the last 20-some years, but you’re able to get net improvement on the things that were really bothering you. Louis Diamond: Well said. Something that I’ve seen that’s been… I guess this could be either pro or con depending upon the advisor, but with some broker dealers, letting an advisor co-brand with them or really having a real consumer-facing brand, whether it’s, “I’m a franchise owner with Ameriprise,” or, “I’m independent through Raymond James,” or, “Running my own practice through Wells Fargo FiNet,” or, “I’m independent with Northwestern Mutual.” There’s definitely some brand cache or brand familiarity with some of those firms that may or may not be the same if you’re in the RIA world. So I would agree there’s a lot to like about the independent BD world and there’s a fit for people that is absolutely better with independent BDs than on the RIA side. Even if some people would say RIA is better, we’re cleaner, I wouldn’t say that. To me, it’s all about what an advisor’s goals are and then matching that up with what these firms do. And there’s never a perfect option. I jokingly say, “If there was a perfect firm, we wouldn’t be in business.” Every firm has their advantages or disadvantages. And depending upon where an advisor’s coming from, their style of business, their pain points, that’ll match up really well with on firm or one type of firm or one model than the other. Let’s pivot a little bit to the RIA world. A lot of your comments have been more about advisors affiliating or joining RIAs, this whole supportive version of independence concept. But what about advisors who want to go and start their own RIA? Either they’re leaving a captive firm and taking the entrepreneurial route and starting their own firm, or they’re leaving an independent BD to go start their own RIA. What do you see as some of the biggest misconceptions that advisors have about that move? Joshua Tomolak: That’s probably my favorite topic because there are the most misconceptions I think in this space. Louis Diamond: I’d agree. Joshua Tomolak: And I would say there’s 9 out of 10 conversations that I have with advisors and teams, they start off with the launching an RIA in mind or at least RIA curious and they want to understand what’s out there. And probably less than half the time do these folks end up actually launching their own RIA, which is okay because the ones that do are massively successful and they know they’re dang sure that’s exactly what they want to do. I think it gets a little bit romanticized sometimes that they’ll say, “Oh, I’ll just give Schwab a call,” or, “I’ll just give the custodian a call,” as if they were shopping independent broker dealers. That’s fine. You can do that and they will help you, but there’s quite a bit more to think about. And it’s not, in my opinion, the same as evaluating independent broker dealers. If it’s all right, I was taught the four pillars of the RIA model. I can go through that with you really quickly. So the way to think about the RIA space is in four pieces. And shout out to a friend, Eli Suarez, that taught me this years ago. The first pillar… Thinking of four pillars on a bar stool, if you will. The first one being administration. And this is your compliance, this is setting up your ADV, your LLC, all of your business formation documents. The second piece being technology, what do you actually want to use? Because the benefits of the broker-dealer world and the supported independent world is they’ve already built it for you. They’ve already paid for it and scraped their knees building it. In this case, you have to. And for some people, that’s really exciting to source financial planning software and portfolio management software and your CRM and tax software, et cetera. For some people, it just sounds like a huge headache. The third pillar being custodians. I have them third because you want to make sure that the right custodian can integrate properly with the technology that you’ve sourced that you’re passionate about. And then ultimately transition. What does a transition really look like? What are my legal and regulatory requirements? How does this work? What are the timelines? Things of that nature. So I guess I would say in closing that if those four things are things that you really want to own, then you’re in a really good position to consider an RIA launch. What do you think, Louis? Louis Diamond: I think that’s a great framework to break it down. Not just be like, “Okay, I can tolerate that,” or, “My team can do it,” but I think you have to be pretty excited about rolling up your sleeves and customizing and doing it yourself because in our experience, there’s a nominal differential between the economics of running your own RIA versus affiliating with an RIA or going to an independent BD. All the extra work and responsibility, you’re not really going to make it up, at least on the front end, on a higher net payout. So it has to be more about what the model means to you and having a vision that you don’t think anyone else can accomplish other than yourself. And looking at that crazy ever-expanding Michael Kitces’ FinTech map and there’s 500 different logos on it and being like, “Yes, that’s what I want. I want to go through this. I want to pick the seven pieces of my tech stack that work for me,” rather than getting, “Here’s the tech stack, take a demo, you like it, you don’t like it, take it or leave it.” To me, the two biggest misconceptions people have about the RIA world is one, “I’m going to have to be a full-time chief compliance officer,” and just that compliance is this boogeyman, this terrible, scary thing. In some ways it is. But the reality is most, especially startup RIAs will fully outsource compliance to a firm or they’ll hire a compliance consultant or firms that are big enough even will hire a CCO or repurpose someone on their team to be CCO. But compliance is much more streamlined and simpler than BD compliance. And ultimately, it’s compliance that’s being built for your business rather than compliance that’s being built for a publicly traded multinational company that supports 20,000 financial advisors. So I think compliance is always a big misconception. It’s definitely what a lot of firms will pry upon when they’re saying like, “Oh, you’re going to own all the legal and regulatory requirements. You could, but it’s definitely not a requirement.” And then I think another one is folks sometimes underestimate and overestimate the operational burden and how much work it is to start an RIA. Sometimes people just… They’re perfect for the RIA world, that’s their goal, but they get stopped in their tracks. They don’t really know what to do. But what we’ve seen, we said it earlier with so many different outsourcing solutions and different service providers that have popped up, if you have the fire in your belly to go build something, it doesn’t mean you’re doing it by yourself. I mean, that’s what firms like ours do. The custodians are very helpful. On the flip side though, I have seen advisors chasing payouts say, “Hey, I’m just going to go start an RIA because I want to make another 1 to 3%,” or whatever it comes to and they drastically underestimate what it really takes to build a successful firm. Joshua Tomolak: Exactly right. I think that’s my favorite one, Louis, overestimating and estimating the operational burden there is you could have the same conversation with two teams and it can go the completely different direction. Louis Diamond: Josh, let’s wrap here. I got one more question for you that I think is an exciting one, but give me three key trends or storylines that most people don’t know about or aren’t talking about that you’re passionate about or that you’re sharing with advisors or counseling today. Joshua Tomolak: Sure. This is the free advice portion. And I’ll tell you what, Louis, if it’s all right with you, I’ll give you two and I would love to hear one from you as well. The first one I’ve seen in both the independent broker-dealer and RIA space is the minority investor concept. A lot of folks will talk about the idea of taking chips off a table and starting to partially monetize your business. I think that’s all important, but what I’ve found is that a lot of advisors really want their partner, whether it’s an RIA broker dealer to help them grow. And that could be with M&A opportunities, that could be with traditional recruitment of advisors, that could be building a business plan. But the minority investment part really helps accelerate that for a lot of businesses because all of a sudden, not only are you cashing out a small part of your business, but you’ve just created an ally with the parent entity, it is now much more likely to help you grow in that capacity because they’re insulated from it and they profit when you profit. So I think it’s easy to be shortsighted and say, “Well, my equity’s going to keep growing. Why would I sell you a piece of this?” But I counsel folks often to really think about what that long-term strategic partnership is and making somebody a real equity partner rather than just a vendor that provides you with technology and regulatory coverage. The other one I’d say is that… And this one’s really important to me, that business formation is far more important than your assets under management. Said a different way, the way you build your business is going to make your business far more valuable than the number of dollars underneath your name. And what I mean by that is, just to use an example, a sophisticated, well-built, centralized, scalable and repeatable business, whether it’s an RIA with a broker-dealer that is going to fetch a far higher M&A multiple than a OSJ that’s five times the size that just has a bunch of 1099 independent advisors underneath the umbrella. What we’ve seen in the M&A space is that if you’re going to shell out 50, 60, $80 million for somebody’s business, you want to know that you have this business for the long term. So I would certainly counsel people that have been around maybe far longer than me to take a look at how you’re building this and put together a business plan on what those next 10 years should look like and not necessarily fall into the trap where your only revenue source is the override that you receive from a firm and then you in turn pay to the advisors on your team. Louis Diamond: Well said. I really like that line. We’d probably do a whole episode on what are the tips and tricks for building a business with the end in mind? Like the Covey quote, “Begin with the end in mind.” Transitions are like… They’re a bear. I mean, there’s no way to sugarcoat it. Advisors, when they hear transition, if you ask them, “Don’t think about it, give me your reaction.” “Terrible, risky, a lot of work. I’ll never do it again. My friend did it and it was terrible. What if my clients don’t come?” It’s all these negative emotions. And in many cases, I don’t blame an advisor because it is a big act. But to me, if someone is weighing making a transition, whether a wholesale business model change going from being an employee to being independent, going from being an advisor at an independent BD to starting an RIA, or even going independent BD to independent BD, it’s an opportunity if you rise to the occasion to build with this next act with intentionality. So whether it’s restructuring compensation for your team, converting people from 1099 to W2, putting in place new workflows, changing how investments, instead of it being each individual advisor doing investments to more of a centralized model, cleaning up workflows, really investing in data, investing in AI. It’s something that I think, again, we can have a whole episode on it, but I think it’s a great one. Build the business the right way. And obviously, businesses that are larger, theoretically, sell for more, but we’ve certainly seen businesses that are half the size of a larger one sell for a similar amount or more because they did all the right things and the larger one did the things that really turn off a buyer or detract from a valuation. Let me give you one more and tell me if you agree, but I think we’re in this moment when Altruist, the upstart, a new kid on the block custodian, they launched a basically tokenization of cash in a way to automatically agentically source or sort cash to the highest yielding money market. And you’re like, “This is fricking wonky. Louis, why are you telling us this?” I think this is an important one just to keep a watchful eye on. I have no idea how this is going to shake out, but really the biggest way that independent BDs or even custodians like Schwab and Fidelity really make money, it’s not on their overrides from practices or the admin fee or the custody fee. It’s really on net interest margin. So how much the broker-dealer or the firm is making on client cash and brokerage accounts relative to what they’re paying out the client. It’s essentially like free margin to these firms. And this concept, I think, has massive potential for disruption for the business model. Again, I don’t know what it’s going to look like, whether it means platform fees that are instituted at all these firms, whether it means certain models would be more beneficial than others, whether it means nothing’s going to change, which is probably the right answer given this industry. But it’s something to keep a watchful eye on just if your firm institutes a new platform fee or there’s a fundamental way in which your firm can no longer make money. How are they going to make it up? Are they now going to be uncompetitive? They’re not going to have as much scale or profits to invest in the platform. Is it going to cause even more consolidation in the industry? So to me, that’s the one pretty under the radar, pretty wonky storyline that I don’t think enough people are talking about, but has the biggest possibility for disruption across their space than anything I’ve seen in a while. Joshua Tomolak: Sure. That’s the whole iceberg. Not a lot of people are talking about it. It’s not poking out of the ocean, but it’s going to be continuously brought up. I think it’s a question that a lot of advisors are going to have to ask these firms. And at the end of the day, the firms aren’t the bad guys. They have to make money too to provide a quality product. So where the money comes from matters. Louis Diamond: Exactly. Josh, this has been awesome. I learned a lot talking with you and just having your objective consulting hat on what I think are really the differences between IBD and RIA and some of the key trends and storylines to watch has been instrumental. I’ll also give a plug that on our website and we’ll link to it in the show notes, we have a really helpful one-page reference guide going through the differences between independent BDs or IBDs and RIAs. So feel free to click on it. We’ll make sure it gets in your inbox. Josh, thanks again for joining us today. Joshua Tomolak: Yeah, thanks for having me, Louis. It was a pleasure. Mindy Diamond: As a financial advisor, you hold yourself to the highest standards of integrity, honesty, and credibility. You are successful because you take your professional responsibilities seriously and are dedicated to your clients. But are you living your best business life? Are your goals aligned with your firms or could a better option exist? Should I stay or Should I Go? is a book written with you in mind. It’s a self-guided journey that walks you through the key steps that we take with our advisor clients. This strategic thought process and roadmap to professional self-discovery is designed to help you ask the right questions and think critically and objectively whether you’re considering change or not. Learn how to get your copy at diamond-consultants.com/thebook. IBD vs. RIA: A Special Industry Update on Independence A conversation with Louis Diamond and Josh Tomolak, Vice President of Independent Advisor Services at Diamond Consultants.      Louis Diamond: Welcome to the latest episode of our podcast series for financial advisors. Today’s episode is IBD vs. RIA: A Special Industry Update on Independence. It’s a conversation with Josh Tomolak, our Vice President of Independent Advisor Services. I’m Louis Diamond, and this is the Diamond Podcast for Financial Advisors. Mindy Diamond: At Diamond Consultants, we help elite advisors identify the right environment for their businesses to thrive, whether that’s at a wirehouse, boutique, or independent firm. With nearly three decades of experience, we’ve guided thousands of advisors and represented more than a quarter of a trillion dollars in assets transitioned. And each year, one in four advisors managing a billion dollars or more who change firms are our clients. Our process is education driven and based on building relationships, starting as your strategic partner well before you’re even thinking of a move. To schedule a confidential conversation, call us at (908) 879-1002. Wondering why advisors change firms and where they’re headed? Are transition deals going up or down? Those very questions and more inspired us to create our annual advisor transition report. It’s the award-winning data-driven resource designed for advisors that connects the dots between the motivations around movement and the firm’s appetite for top talent. Arm yourself with the knowledge you need to make smart decisions. Download your copy at diamond-consultants.com/transitionreport. Louis Diamond: For a long time, going independent would suggest the destination. Today, it’s often the beginning of a different conversation. As the independent space has matured, advisors have more choices than ever before. Broker-dealers have expanded their capabilities. The RIA ecosystem has become increasingly sophisticated. Capital is more readily available and support models now exist that would’ve been difficult to imagine a decade ago. The result is that many advisors who are already independent are taking a fresh look at whether their current affiliation still aligns with what they’re trying to build. My guest is Josh Tomolak, Vice President of Independent Advisor Services here at Diamond Consultants and our resident expert on independence. Josh spends his days helping advisors evaluate independence in all its forms from independent broker dealers, the fully independent RIAs and everything in between. And his knowledge is critical because the distinction between these models is often blurred. Many broker dealers now offer pathways to greater autonomy while supported independence has made RIA ownership more accessible than ever before. So the question is no longer simply, “Do I want to go independent?” The question is, “What kind of independence makes the most sense for client, business, and go

Four Five Guys locations just closed across California — not for lack of customers, but because Gavin Newsom's business climate has made profit mathematically impossible. Labor mandates, punishing commercial rents, and a regulatory burden that never stops growing have pushed even busy, high-traffic restaurants past the breaking point. This is the blue state exodus claiming four more victims.The math is brutal and simple: when you can only charge so much for a burger, and every line on the cost sheet keeps climbing, the numbers stop working. California's fast food workers earn among the highest mandated wages in the nation while commercial real estate in major metros remains punishing. The capital goes elsewhere, the locations close, and the workers "protected" by those mandates end up with no job at all.What makes this telling is the pattern: these weren't ghost-town locations. They were busy. Customers lined up. It didn't matter. Newsom and his allies have built a policy environment so hostile to enterprise that even national chains with deep pockets look at their California P&Ls and choose to cut losses rather than absorb another year of escalating costs. Four Five Guys today — the question is what's next.Subscribe to @reasonablenews and hit the bell — new episodes every weekday covering the stories the mainstream press buries.#Seattle #HomelessCrisis #KatieWilsonGO PREMIUM WITH REASONABLE+ FOR UNCENSORED ACCESS

For months,we've received messages asking the same question..."Whydid you leave the lifestyle?""What really happened between you and Autumn?"Until now,we've only shared small pieces of the story.In thisemotional and honest episode of The Swingers Couch Podcast, Carlos opensup about a conversation with a close friend that made him realize it wasfinally time to tell the complete story. We discuss the real reasons behind ourseparation, the challenges we faced, why we stepped away from the swingerlifestyle (LS), and the lessons we learned through one of the toughest periodsof our lives.This isn'tabout drama or pointing fingers—it's about sharing the truth, talking about therealities that many couples face, and hopefully helping others who may be goingthrough similar struggles.Whetheryou're new to swinging, curious about ethical non-monogamy (ENM), or alreadypart of the lifestyle, this episode offers an honest look at relationships,communication, heartbreak, personal growth, and what happens when life doesn'tgo as planned.If you'veever wondered what really happened behind the scenes, this is the episodeyou've been waiting for.

This week, we're throwing something on the grill for the late Criston Cole as we break down Episode 7 of our House of the Dragon* Side Quest Reviews. Last week he was considered one of the greatest warriors in Westeros, and this week... he's food for the worms.Was Criston Cole's death satisfying, or did he deserve a more dramatic sendoff? Our hosts share their thoughts while also discussing yet another rough week for Team Black. At this point, taking Ls has become a regular occurrence—but maybe the winds will finally shift in their favor.Meanwhile, Daemon is on the hunt for the murderers of his Gold Cloaks, while Rhaenyra sends assassins after Ormund and Daeron. Let's just say neither plan goes exactly as intended.With only two episodes remaining, we're still not 100% sure who the father of Helaena's baby is. What are your theories? Let us know your thoughts in the comments!

Today's episode is about allometric scaling with therapeutic antibodies. I discuss differences from small molecules, how to handle antibodies with engineered Fc regions (e.g. YTE or LS), and using allometry to extrapolate from adults to pediatrics for these antibodies. Links discussed in the show:Haray and Tachibana's article on allometric exponents for monoclonal antibodies Exponents for standard antibodies: CL = 0.8, Q = 0.75, Vc = 1/.0, Vp = 0.95Exponents for modified antibodies: CL = 0.55, Q = 6, Vc = 0.95, Vp = 0.95You can connect with me on LinkedIn and send me a message Send me a message Sign up for my newsletter Copyright Teuscher Solutions LLCAll Rights Reserved

This episode, I pushed back on the idea that executive salaries are driving up youth soccer costs. Less than 2% of Americans make half a million a year, and that money's concentrated in tech and finance — not soccer admin. I also drew a line between this debate and the corporate CEO pay debate, which is really about wage-sharing, not pricing.Bottom line: if we want to fix soccer costs, we need to look at club P&Ls, real demand for paid training, and the volunteer-vs-paid divide — not just point fingers at executives. I asked listeners to send data or push back if they disagree.Also plugged the Anytime Soccer Training relaunch — 5,000+ videos, travel passports, global races. Free to join at anytime-soccer.com.

Noah and Ari are back during the midweek break to wrap up the 2026 FIFA World Cup with their takes on how Seattle showed out, give out their tournament awards and talk about how MLS can take it from here.Follow Lobbing Scorchers: YouTube Instagram Bluesky TikTok Facebook Ari Liljenwall Noah Riffe Niko MorenoSPONSORSQED Coffee - a Seattle based roaster, coffee shop and coffee subscription service. Visit them in person at one of the three Seattle locations or online and use code ‘LS74' for 25% off across the site.Haxan Ferments - Specializing in unique, small-batch fermented hot sauces and vinegars, Haxan Ferments is handcrafted in Georgetown and made with the best local ingredients from across the Pacific Northwest. Use Code LS for a FREE Hot Sauce w/ purchase!Podium Edmonds - Located at 114 4th Ave N, just off Main Street in the heart of Downtown Edmonds, come shop and explore the best menswear in the Pacific Northwest. Tell them Lobbing Scorchers sent you!Full Pull Wines - Founded in 2009, they the best boutique wines of the world to members, with special focus on our home, the Pacific Northwest.Lobbing Scorchers is a production of Just Once Media.Lobbing Scorchers is a Seattle Sounders and MLS focused show brought to you by Sounder at Heart. Hosted by Major League Soccer's Ari Liljenwall and Producer Noah Riffe. Join us as we lob our scorching takes on the American soccer landscape, Seattle Sounders, Major League Soccer, USMNT and more.Contact: lobbingscorchers@justoncemedia.com#LS

Attorney Stuart W. Penrose of Minnillo Law Group joins us every week to discuss sports and the law. This week: The NCAA continues to take Ls in court, and some area college basketball teams should benefit, an NFL exec faces banishment, and a former NFL star is in hot water for not paying his child support. Podcasts of The Mo Egger Radio Show are a service of Longnecks Sports Grill.Listen to the show live weekday afternoons 3:00 - 6:00 on ESPN1530. Listen Live: ESPN1530.com/listenGet more: https://linktr.ee/MoEggerFollow on X: @MoEggerInstagram too: @MoEgger And YouTube: youtube.com/@TheMoEggerShowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Attorney Stuart W. Penrose of Minnillo Law Group joins us every week to discuss sports and the law. This week: The NCAA continues to take Ls in court, and some area college basketball teams should benefit, an NFL exec faces banishment, and a former NFL star is in hot water for not paying his child support. Podcasts of The Mo Egger Radio Show are a service of Longnecks Sports Grill.Listen to the show live weekday afternoons 3:00 - 6:00 on ESPN1530. Listen Live: ESPN1530.com/listenGet more: https://linktr.ee/MoEggerFollow on X: @MoEggerInstagram too: @MoEgger And YouTube: youtube.com/@TheMoEggerShowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

LORI PRESTESATER SPENT HER CAREER BUILDING COMPANIES AND RUNNING P&LS. THEN SHE JOINED A 175-YEAR-OLD INSTITUTION AND ASKED WHAT IT COULD BECOME. Laurie McGraw sits down with Lori Prestesater, former Senior Vice President of Health Solutions at the American Medical Association, on the eight years she calls the pinnacle of her career, and the transition out of it. Most people would not describe the AMA as a high-growth opportunity. Lori came from payers, provider groups, and high-growth technology, and took on the work of turning a traditional publishing organization — one that put out books, codes, and data formats — into a data organization. She is candid that the hard part was never the technology. It was culture, change management, and leading by influence rather than authority, including with the physician volunteers who sit nowhere on an org chart. The conversation also goes where most leadership interviews do not: what happens when a woman who worked seven days a week and put herself last finally has to decide what she wants next. In this episode: - Why a high-growth executive chose a 175-year-old association, and what surprised her when she arrived - The CPT code set as the backbone of revenue cycle, and why it has to evolve as medicine does - CPT Intelligence — built on a private large language model, with content tagged using graph database technology — and how it supports autonomous coders, EHRs, payers, and prior authorization - Why the biggest challenge in any transformation is cultural, not technical - Building the data labs team with Sandeep Dhamale, and the platform he left behind - The credentialing product launched during her tenure: under two years in market, just under 150 customers, deployed across just under 700 locations, with customers reporting up to a 30% reduction in physician onboarding time - Six months to see a primary care physician in San Francisco, and why an incredibly cumbersome application process compounds the shortage for patients, health systems, and physicians alike - Taking the complex and making it simple — the skill she undervalued early in her career - Putting mission first when your instinct is growth: the art and science of medicine for the betterment of public health - Handing Health Solutions to Jeremy Knight, and why she believes he is better suited to the next chapter - Advising AMA CEO Dr. John Whyte on special projects during her transition - Moving back to Colorado after years of not living in the same state as her husband - Moving her mother, who just finished her term as board chair of a hospice organization at 88 - A new grandchild, a daughter navigating new motherhood, a newly married son - Where board work fits into what comes next, after years spent on the staff side of the table - Women Business Leaders, and the principle at its core: who mentors the mentors? - Why senior leadership gets lonely, and why you need people for the good times and the bad - The book Ask For It, and why she has given it to so many young women - Her closing advice: be confident, talk less and listen more, know your superpowers, backstop your weaknesses, and build a network that will advocate for you when you struggle to advocate for yourself Inspiring Women with Laurie McGraw.

We put ChatGPT to the test LIVE and ask it to help us with the show! We also talk to the Suite-Talkers about how they may use AI in their LS journey. Do you get help writing profiles, texts messages, or even help with your pics?!MisTryst is also working on something super sexy in the near future! Take a listen and find out what she's got cookin'!As always, thanks for listening!Support the people who support this show:Sapio Tours by Kate and Liam (Monogamish Marriage Podcast)Expansive Connection!Be sure to SUBSCRIBE, RATE, & REVIEW! We appreciate any and all feedback!How to stay in-touch with us:Email: thesuitelifepodcast@gmail.comFollow us here for info on upcoming LIVE episodes:Instagram: @thesuitelifepodcastTwitter: @suitelifepodFacebook: Livin' the Suite Life (Tryst Loq Suitelife)Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE to the Livin' the Suite Life Podcast YouTube Channel!

In this C&C-less Packard 443 Episode, Tim drops a turd… off so our buddy Matt can start his next project while Mental hides from the Vegas sun. Really we talk to our buddy Paul, the creator of the Distilled Racing 41 Ford. What happens when a retired contractor decides that "good enough" isn't nearly crazy enough? Well, He Built the Ultimate LS-Swapped '41 Ford, and it became one of the most talked-about cars in the 24 Hours of Lemons paddock.... Now he's selling time in the driver's seat, and donating the money. This week on Everyone Racers, we're joined by Paul Dolan, builder of the legendary 1941 Ford Sedan that's become an icon of grassroots endurance racing. Powered by an LS V8 mounted an incredible 22.5 inches behind the front axle, this handcrafted machine has stunned racers, judges, and spectators everywhere it goes.But this episode isn't just about horsepower.Paul shares the incredible story of discovering endurance racing after retirement, designing and building this award-winning car from the ground up, learning the hard lessons of making an endurance racer survive, and finding the community that changed his life.Even better...For the 24 Hours of Lemons 20th Anniversary race at WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, Paul is doing something almost unheard of.Instead of keeping the driver's seat for himself, he's offering seat time in the car to raise money for Lemons of Love, helping families affected by cancer. Every lap supports a cause far bigger than racing. Wanna be a part of it? Reach out to us, we'll put you in touch. Along the way we also dive into:

Black Flag Resynced just became the biggest Assassin's Creed launch in history — and it's a remake of a 13-year-old game with mixed Steam reviews. The boys break down the day-one microtransaction backlash, whether the remake gold rush is good for gaming, and which classics deserve the full ground-up treatment next. Then it gets heavier: Microsoft's July layoff wave hit Bethesda and ZeniMax hard, and Raz makes the case that AI is a top-three reason why. Plus the office memorial HR forced down, 14 layers of management, and why Elder Scrolls 6 should have shipped a decade ago. Also on the docket: Doom: The Dark Ages – Revelations DLC and its Metroidvania-inspired level design, Stop Killing Games taking Ls in the EU and California (and the list of "dying" games nobody has ever heard of), the full corrected rundown of Tarkov's Kord Breach Season 1 modifiers, and the BO2 remaster shipping with bugs that were patched a decade ago. One host thinks the ownership question matters. The other thinks the market already answered it. You know how this goes. 0:00 - Intro 3:48 - Black Flag Resynced: biggest AC launch ever 12:35 - The day-one microtransaction backlash 24:29 - Remakes are the new meta 34:19 - Doom: The Dark Ages – Revelations DLC 42:29 - Bethesda layoffs 43:35 - Did AI cause the layoffs? 47:50 - The office memorial HR took down 53:43 - Where the hell is Elder Scrolls 6? 1:01:12 - AAA studios don't take risks anymore 1:07:45 - Stop Killing Games takes two Ls 1:10:01 - Roasting the "games being killed" list 1:16:47 - Our AI's $70 take gets destroyed 1:18:51 - Brazil is bigger than Australia?? 1:20:52 - Gold injections & ayahuasca (don't) 1:26:43 - Tarkov Kord Breach: what we got wrong 1:40:28 - BO2 remaster: same bugs, 12 years later 1:41:49 - Jake's Tarkov check-in 1:45:38 - Announcements & Patreon _Note: timestamps may be slightly misaligned on podcast apps (but not on YouTube) due to dynamic ads._ The podcast is available wherever you listen to podcasts, and ad-free & early access versions - as well as bonus episodes - are available to all of our Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/thedropshot) supporters. We stream the podcast live on our YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/c/thedropshotpodcast) every Saturday morning at ~9 o'clock Pacific Time. We typically start the stream 30 minutes early to answer viewer questions, banter, and chat. Links for everything are below. Thanks for checking us out!

Special Offer: Get 15% OFF your first FIGS order with code FIGSUK at checkout.Shop now at https://www.wearfigs.com/———————————————————————UK Dentists: Collect your verifiable CPD for this episode here >>> https://courses.dentistswhoinvest.com/smart-money-members-club———————————————————————A practice can be turning over seven figures and still feel like it's one bad month away from trouble. That's not a motivation problem and it's not a “work harder” problem. It's financial visibility. We dig into the hidden £100k net profit gap that sits between what your accounts report and what you actually need to know to make decisions week to week, from tax planning to hiring to investing back into the business.Barry shares the reality of being an accidental business owner: brilliant at dentistry, less confident with P&Ls, and often forced to make calls based on old information. We talk about why annual accounts are inherently retrospective, how that pushes you into “rear-view mirror” management, and why scaling needs a future number that scares you and a plan that works backwards. You'll hear real examples of what changes when dentists finally know their break-even point and KPIs, and how that confidence shows up in both profitability and quality of life.Then Shashir gets practical on the question dentists ask all the time: “Why do I have profit but no cash?” We break it down into cash flow forecasting, keeping today's cash intact while planning future outflows, and avoiding over-leverage when you are growing fast. We also cover dental practice benchmarking so you can spot overspend in staff costs, lab fees, materials and overheads, plus why tracking treatment mix by margin matters more than chasing high production values. Finally, we tackle associate profitability and how transparent data can improve trust, performance, and negotiation.———————————————————————Disclaimer: All content on this channel is for education purposes only and does not constitute an investment recommendation or individual financial advice. For that, you should speak to a regulated, independent professional. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up, so you may get back less than you invest. The views expressed on this channel may no longer be current. The information provided is not a personal recommendation for any particular investment. Tax treatment depends on individual circumstances and all tax rules may change in the future. If you are unsure about the suitability of an investment, you should speak to a regulated, independent professional. Investment figures quoted refer to simulated past performance and that past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results/performance.Send us Fan Mail

Thanks to our partners Promotive, WickedFile, Maverick Shop Owners, and OverdryveDo you actually know how much money your shop made last month? If 90% of new clients walking through Hunt's door don't, what are the odds you do?In this episode, Hunt Demarest, CPA, goes solo to call out the four most common ways shop owners are unknowingly sabotaging their own profit and loss statements — and the pain points he sees over and over again with new clients. He opens with a timely PSA on a scam email making the rounds targeting EIDL loan holders, then dives into why 90% of the shops Paar Melis brings on board are working off P&Ls that are materially misstated. From overly complicated financials to sales tracked without their matching costs to the owner's own cash and parts habits quietly wrecking the numbers, Hunt breaks down exactly where things go wrong — and how to fix it. Whether you've got a two-bay shop or a twenty-bay operation, this episode is a gut-check on whether the numbers you're using to run your business are actually telling you the truth.What You'll Learn...(02:59) Why this episode — a follow-up to the summer webinar series on P&Ls(03:24) PSA — the EIDL loan forgiveness scam targeting shop owners' inboxes(06:45) Mistake #1 — Why your P&L is flat-out wrong, and the 90% stat that proves it(09:23) Mistake #2 — Your P&L is way too complicated(13:31) The one-page rule — collapsed P&L vs. the four-page mess(15:31) The subaccount fix, using utilities as the easy win(16:26) Mistake #3 — Tracking sales without tracking the cost behind it(18:18) The tire sales trap — how "improving" your P&L can wreck your margins(20:12) Mistake #4 — You're the reason your financials don't add up(22:31) The parts cost leak nobody's stealing — it's just untrackedIf you've ever wondered whether your financials are actually telling you the truth, why a "good" P&L should fit on one page, and why tracking more sales categories can make your numbers worse instead of better — this episode is essential listening.Summer Webinar Series: Understanding Your Shop's Numbers Webinar: Replay Link and Passcode: .#TWUc81 Thanks to our partner, PromotivePromotive has over 40 years of recruiting and automotive experience. If you need qualified technicians and service advisors and want to offload the heavy lifting, visit https://gopromotive.com/Thanks to our partner, WickedFileTurn chaos into clarity with WickedFile, the AI for auto repair shops. Transform invoices into insights, protect cash flow, and stop losing parts, cores, or credits to maximize your bottom line. visit https://info.wickedfile.com/Thanks to our partner, Maverick Shop OwnersYou're working on growing a more profitable shop - that's critical. That's exactly what the 24-video Blueprint course by Maverick Shop Owners addresses - customers, sales, profit, people, systems, and freedom. Get free access for our listeners only at https://maverickshopowners.com/blueprintThanks to our partner, OverdryveOverdryve is your AI-powered marketing operating system. It predicts slow weeks before they happen, automatically launches revenue-driving campaigns, tracks ROI down to the dollar, and optimizes performance in real time. Visit https://overdryvemarketing.com/Paar Melis and Associates – Accountants Specializing in Automotive RepairVisit us Online: www.paarmelis.comEmail Hunt: podcast@paarmelis.comGet the FREE 2026 Auto Shop Benchmark Report: https://hubs.ly/Q04j-grh0Download a Copy of My Books Here:Beyond the Bays: A Financial Playbook for Auto Repair Shop OwnersWrenches to Write-OffsYour Perfect Shop The Automotive Repair Podcast Network: https://automotiverepairpodcastnetwork.com/Remarkable Results Radio Podcast with Carm Capriotto: Advancing the Aftermarket by Facilitating Wisdom Through Story Telling and Open DiscussionDiagnosing the Aftermarket A to Z with Matt Fanslow: From Diagnostics to Metallica and Mental Health, Matt Fanslow is Lifting the Hood on Life.The Weekly Blitz with Chris Cotton: Weekly Inspiration with Business Coach Chris Cotton from AutoFix - Auto Shop Coaching.Speak Up! Effective Communication with Craig O'Neill: Develop Interpersonal and Professional Communication Skills when Speaking to Audiences of Any Size.Business by the Numbers with Hunt Demarest: Understand the Numbers of Your Business with CPA Hunt Demarest.The Auto Repair Marketing Podcast with Kim and Brian Walker: Marketing Experts Brian & Kim Walker Work with Shop Owners to Take it to the Next Level.

We've been running a bit of an Agent Cloud series surveying all the top inference/compute/cloud providers, from Databricks to Daytona to Railway and, even further back, E2B, but we're excited to conclude this series returning to Modal, which has just raised a monster $355M Series C.The cloud was built for developers. But agents are now changing that.The old infra stack was designed for a human who could read docs, reason through YAML, and understand dashboards to figure out what they need when something broke. While this was painful for developers, it worked since they could fill in missing context in their heads.However, agents don't have that luxury. Now in this new era of agents, everything has to be tighter.They need a place to write code, run it, inspect the output, change the environment, debug failures, and try again. Fast iteration and feedback loops with all the necessary context are crucial for agents to operate properly. Furthermore, sandboxes are a clear representation of this shift as agents can easily spin up isolated environments. This programmatic infra even extends to research:Two years ago, we were one of the first to cover Modal with CEO Erik Bernhardsson and Alessio designed our favorite LS thumbnail of all time:At the time, Modal was just a teeny little company with a $17M Series A.Today, fresh off their $355M Series C, Modal is one of the clearest examples of the agent cloud future being built in real time: a cloud platform moving past traditional web app assumptions toward the workloads AI actually creates such as elastic inference, sandboxes, GPU burst, post-training, background agents, and infrastructure that agents themselves can operate.In this episode, Modal CTO Akshat Bubna joins swyx and Vibhu to unpack why AI applications don't fit traditional cloud assumptions, why Kubernetes was never designed for bursty compute-heavy workloads, and why Modal is now shifting from developer experience to agent experience.We go deep on Modal's AI infra stack: serverless functions, decorator-based infrastructure, elastic inference for custom models, GPU snapshotting, DeFlash, speculative decoding, Auto Endpoints, sandboxes, persistent storage, networked containers, private IPv6, RDMA, multi-node training, and Modal's capacity pool across 17 cloud providers. Akshat also explains why RL rollouts can require 100,000 sandboxes, why production agents need hard guardrails, why observability may matter more than reading code, and why AI has made infrastructure exciting again.We discuss:* Why Kubernetes wasn't built for bursty AI workloads* How Modal started as a better runtime before becoming an AI cloud* Why Modal added GPUs before ChatGPT* The shift from developer experience to agent experience* Why observability matters when agents are writing the code* Elastic inference for custom models across audio, video, robotics, and comp bio* GPU snapshotting, cold starts, and why inference workloads are so bursty* Why RL rollouts can require 100,000 sandboxes* DeFlash, speculative decoding, and frontier-level inference performance* Auto Endpoints and making optimized inference easier to deploy* What Modal adds beyond vLLM, SGLang, and raw GPU rental* Modal's 17-cloud capacity pool and supercloud strategy* Networked sandboxes, sidecars, private IPv6, and RDMA* Serverless multi-node training for post-training and research workloads* Auto-research, model-guided sweeps, and agents launching GPU experiments* Compute strategy, capacity planning, and batch tiers* Why production agents need specialized sandboxes and hard guardrails* Modal's take on managed agents, CI, Gitpod/Ona, Python, TypeScript, and Modal BenchAkshat Bubna* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/akshat-bubna-188885103* X: https://x.com/akshat_bModal* Website: https://modal.comTimestamps00:00:00 Introduction00:00:39 Modal's origin and why Kubernetes wasn't enough00:04:32 Developer Experience → Agent Experience00:06:21 Modal's AI cloud primitives00:09:14 Sandboxes, agent loops, and proto-Cognition00:12:12 Elastic inference, GPU snapshotting, and 100,000 sandboxes00:15:24 DeFlash, speculative decoding, and Auto Endpoints00:19:59 Production-grade inference beyond raw GPUs00:22:00 Background agents, Ramp Inspect, and the agent lifecycle00:24:08 Modal's 17-cloud supercloud strategy00:26:40 Networked sandboxes, private IPv6, and RDMA00:32:48 Multi-node training, post-training, and auto research00:37:36 Compute strategy, capacity planning, and batch tiers00:40:55 Open models, real-time AI, and production agent infra00:43:06 Hard guardrails, managed agents, and specialized sandboxes00:46:06 Why AI made infrastructure exciting again00:48:30 Model APIs, differentiated products, and agentic video00:51:50 CI, coding-agent infra, SDKs, and Modal Bench00:57:28 Closing ThoughtsTranscriptIntroduction: Modal, Series C, and the Art PartySwyx [00:00:00]: We're here with Akshat, CTO of Modal, together with Vibhu. Congrats on your Series C.Akshat [00:00:10]: Thank you.Swyx [00:00:11]: Your party yesterday was amazing.Akshat [00:00:15]: Yeah.Swyx [00:00:15]: From all the photos and all the swag.Akshat [00:00:17]: We had a bunch of art installations, which was fun, seeing, like, our products on pedestals next to, like, Rodin.Swyx [00:00:25]: Very nice. Very nice. When you started, it was not the GPU inference company. Maybe it was in your mind. Take us back to the origin story.Modal's Origin: A New Runtime Beyond KubernetesAkshat [00:00:39]: I first met Eric, who's the CEO, through an investor. Back then Eric was already thinking about building, a new runtime, and he got there thinking through why are workflow orchestration products so hard to use. It's because you have to run them on Kubernetes. Kubernetes is hard to manage. It's not built for burstiness and, custom images,Swyx [00:01:03]: YeahAkshat [00:01:03]: It has a terrible developer experience.Swyx [00:01:05]: And I'll, I'll interjectAkshat [00:01:06]: YeahSwyx [00:01:07]: For listeners, who are new, we interviewed Eric two years ago, and there's a bit more of the story there from Spotify and all those things.Swyx [00:01:14]: And I came across Eric through Data Council because he did that talk on the serverless container stack that you guys did, which was like, that was my first like, “Okay, I need to take Modal very seriously” moment.Akshat [00:01:26]: Yeah.Swyx [00:01:26]: But it was still very unclear, like, do I need all this for just my data pipelines?Akshat [00:01:33]: Yeah. initially what we were thinking about was if we build a better runtime, it's a very useful primitive in itself. It's There's a lot of things that, get solved by serverless functions, like you can do, ETL stuff, you can do job queues, you can do all this, like, bursty processing, which it turns out every company had needs for. but then we also were thinking about this as like, this is a primitive that we can build a whole collection of products on, which are very verticalized. So perhaps data engineering would've been the first one, but we were thinking about inference. Back then it was more classical inference, like computer vision stuff and running XGBoosts and whatnot. But we added GPUs to the product a year before ChatGPT came out.From Serverless Containers to GPU WorkloadsSwyx [00:02:19]: Nice.Akshat [00:02:19]: We just didn't think it would be that big of a deal.Swyx [00:02:22]: Yeah, just like add A100.Vibhu [00:02:23]: Was there any, like, early key problem that really sparked off why you built it?Akshat [00:02:28]: Yeah. Primarily it's just, none of the tooling that was out there was built for, one, a really great developer experience, and also there's a general trend of, a lot of the workloads that we were seeing were very. I wish there was a better word for it, but compute-heavy. Like, they need, one, like, need a lot more resources, so you need to burst up and down a lot, versus like Kubernetes designed for, like, slow scaling and, more for, like, web server use cases. And also there's just a lot more specialization in, like, what kinds of environments these workloads run in. Like, we had sometimes they need accelerators, sometimes they need different kinds of images, and this is just like a consistent thing that we saw across a lot of companies. That would be the next step.Software-Defined Infrastructure and Decorator-Based DXSwyx [00:03:13]: Yeah. Yeah. Be nice. I don't know how much this factored into the early story, but I wrote a post when I was at Temporal about infrastructure, software-defined infrastructure or something like that.Akshat [00:03:22]: Yeah, the self-provisioningSwyx [00:03:23]: Self-provisioning.Akshat [00:03:24]: Yeah.Swyx [00:03:24]: Yeah. I can't even remember my own post.Swyx [00:03:26]: And then you put me on the landing page.Akshat [00:03:28]: Yeah. We really like, the term and so we stole it.Swyx [00:03:32]: Because you had the insight that everything can just be in decorators co-located with the code, right?Akshat [00:03:37]: Yeah.Swyx [00:03:37]: Was that a big part of the originalAkshat [00:03:39]: YesSwyx [00:03:39]: Story or it was just like a DX layer?Akshat [00:03:41]: That was, really important because we really didn't want people to spend, so much time, writing YAML, and it seemed like you could really condense the surface area of what you're doing, put it in code so you can operate on it just like you operate on other code, and like build stuff that's more expressive and dynamic. and so yeah, that was always a very important part.Swyx [00:04:04]: Then the pushback is this is a DSL.Akshat [00:04:07]: Yeah.Swyx [00:04:07]: It's you're closed source. I am locked into Modal.Akshat [00:04:11]: Yeah. We never really got pushback for that because the nice thing about Modal is you can bring whatever code you have, and sure, the DSL is at the configuration layer for, what hardware you're using, how you're scaling things up, but you still own the code.Akshat [00:04:27]: And that's, that's been an important, part of our story, even as we do inference now.Swyx [00:04:32]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:04:32]: How much of do you think still stays the same today? Like if you were to build something today, DevX very important, but I feel like, a lot of this has been changed with just hook it up to an agent, have Claude Code, have Codex implement a tool. there's very agent native primitives that are different than if I'm doing this myself, right?Developer Experience → Agent ExperienceAkshat [00:04:54]: We've changed our SDK team to think about agent experience instead of, developer experience and we think that the same benefits that apply for DX also apply for AX, which is why would you have an agent read through hundreds of Kubernetes files and like write YAML that's not even typed when it can make a couple of changes in a decorator and it gets this self-provisioning runtime of, being able to see its changes live in action? yeah, it just seems from the customers we talk to, they find Modal is much faster for agents to use versus operating on a different substrate.Swyx [00:05:34]: Yeah, because like you, again, you co-locate the infrastructure requirements to the code that runs it.Akshat [00:05:38]: Yeah.Swyx [00:05:38]: Well, the negative thesis now is that nobody's looking at their code anymore, so there's no point.Akshat [00:05:44]: Yeah, people aren't looking at code. one thing we still see is really important is observability.Swyx [00:05:51]: Yeah.Akshat [00:05:51]: Like how good is your dashboard? And of course, like we have, we push a lot of it to the CLI so the agents can do their own investigation, but you still need humans to go interpret what's going on and, make judgment calls and whatnot. and that's I feel like, Maybe more important now than looking at the code itself.Swyx [00:06:11]: Yes, because like, you can try to treat the code as a black box and then use, see the observable action that comes out of it, and then just prompt a change.What Modal Is For: AI Cloud PrimitivesAkshat [00:06:21]: Yeah.Swyx [00:06:22]: So I think it takes a bit of restraint to not specialize, to say, “I want to ship a new primitive,” and then just be general purpose.Swyx [00:06:31]: People ask you, “What are you for?” You're like, “ I don't know. We can do this, we can do that.”Vibhu [00:06:36]: Well, I'd be curious to see, like, okay, if we were to ask you, like, what is Modal for even at a high level? There's a lot you guys do, sandboxes, GPUs, everything. How do you answer?Akshat [00:06:46]: Modal is a cloud platform that's built for, where we've built the primitives from scratch for AI applications. and right now it covers, inference, training, batch processing, and sandbox workloads.Akshat [00:07:00]: But we're building a lot moreSwyx [00:07:02]: I noticed you didn't say web server, so there is still a role for, like, the always-on large-scale Kubernetes type things.Akshat [00:07:09]: Yeah, absolutely. We're, we're not trying to compete with the renders of the world, because yeah, we think the differentiator for us is the, are the workloads that need specialized compute, need to scale up and down a lot. yeah, they're, they're, they're just shaped differently.Working Alongside Frontier StartupsVibhu [00:07:26]: I think you're building a lot of it alongside the startups, right? They're innovating quite a bit, even in your, like, latest blog post. Like, even in the series C, the customers that you mention here, the cognitions, technical ones, ramps and whatnot, they're, they're innovating with you, right? And that's not something AWS is doing directly with.Akshat [00:07:45]: Yeah, absolutely. I think, this is again classic. We're a small team. We can move really fast. our engineers are working with our customers and figuring it out. Yeah.Swyx [00:07:54]: So my first week at Cognition, I walked in, there was someone wearing a Modal shirt. I was like, “What are you doing here?” They're like, “Yeah, I just. I am embedded inside of Cog.”Akshat [00:08:05]: Yeah, I think that was Peyton. We sent him overSwyx [00:08:07]: Yeah.Akshat [00:08:07]: Because, the latency of communication was too high otherwise.Swyx [00:08:12]: Yeah, distributed node, you have to - you have to place one and collocate.Vibhu [00:08:16]: Yeah.Swyx [00:08:16]: So I had a, I had direct personal experience, right? So I worked on smol developer three years ago. it was inspired by Claude 1. I think you onboarded me at some point, like, just before, and I was like, “Oh, like, I need some bursty compute. Like, I was just gonna try using Modal.” And it was a, it was a pretty pleasant experience. apparently, I showed up in the board meeting, like the analytics.smol developer, Sandboxes, and Proto-CognitionAkshat [00:08:39]: Yeah, you blew up on Hacker News and,Swyx [00:08:41]: YeahAkshat [00:08:41]: We got a big traffic spike. I. I think the way you used smol developer was Modal functions for running stuff, which was. Like, the, that was a good use case. but then, yeah.Swyx [00:08:53]: Yeah. That - So to me, that was proto-cognition.Akshat [00:08:55]: Right.Swyx [00:08:56]: If only I had, like, stuck to it.Swyx [00:08:58]: Like, that was like, if - did you say draw the tech treeAkshat [00:09:00]: AbsolutelySwyx [00:09:00]: You're just like, “Yeah, like, probably this will happen.”Akshat [00:09:02]: Yeah. Like, he was so close. You were just rebuilding upon usSwyx [00:09:04]: I just didn't realize.Akshat [00:09:05]: But the funny story there is at the same time, we were talking to a bunch of customers who needed something like sandboxing.Swyx [00:09:14]: Yeah.Akshat [00:09:14]: This is like twenty-three.Swyx [00:09:15]: Yeah.Akshat [00:09:16]: So we builtSwyx [00:09:17]: You introduced a new API right after that.Akshat [00:09:18]: Yeah.Swyx [00:09:19]: Yes.Akshat [00:09:19]: Like, we built sandboxes in May of twenty-three before anyone was even knew this was gonna be a thing. And the first example we published was, we took smol developerSwyx [00:09:28]: Smol developerAkshat [00:09:28]: And put it in a loop, so the agent can iterate on itself.Swyx [00:09:33]: Loops are hot these days.Vibhu [00:09:34]: It's the looper.Akshat [00:09:34]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:09:35]: Loops in. When was this, twenty-three?Akshat [00:09:38]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:09:39]: A small check.Akshat [00:09:39]: Yeah.Swyx [00:09:39]: It's like twenty-three. so the. the, those for listeners, like, the problem was the models are not built for any of this, right?Swyx [00:09:46]: Like, you're just trying to like. They're not post-training to understand, like, looping and, like, self-correction and tool calling was there, but, like, also not that great.Akshat [00:09:55]: Yeah.Akshat [00:09:55]: I don't remember if you used tool calling in this one, but yeah, the models would just diverge after like ten iterations and not produce anything meaningful.Swyx [00:10:03]: Yeah. But like, then. So okay, like now talking to myself three years ago, the answerVibhu [00:10:08]: Of course they will get betterSwyx [00:10:09]: Collect all the failures, build benchmark, and then collect all the, examples, build the RL environmentAkshat [00:10:15]: RightSwyx [00:10:15]: Sell it for like ten billion dollars to Meta.Swyx [00:10:17]: And then also train a model and then sell that for sixty billion dollars to Elon. And this isAkshat [00:10:23]: Yeah, of courseSwyx [00:10:23]: The funny machine. Like, it's like, it's about the hardware.Akshat [00:10:28]: It's hard to have that inherent conviction that the stuff will get that much better.Swyx [00:10:33]: In retrospect, it's so f*****g obvious.Akshat [00:10:36]: Fair enough.Swyx [00:10:37]: Like, what else were we doing back then? I don't know. anyway. Yeah. So this. That was the start of your sandboxing journey, right? I feel like it didn't blow up until, like, last year.Akshat [00:10:49]: Yeah.Swyx [00:10:50]: So there was like a couple years of quietness.Akshat [00:10:52]: Exactly, yeah. We wereVibhu [00:10:53]: I think very underrated product value. Like, my experience with Modal, Charles, before he had joined Modal, met this guy at a hackathon, and he really insisted we wanted to run some small model, not hosted anywhere, and he's like, “ there's this cool company, Modal. They'll like spin up a GPU sandbox, we can throw it on there. They'll take a Hugging Face link.” And like there's so much value just right there, right? Like instant hosting, spin it up, spin it down. It'll stay cold, but we run the demo a few days later, it'll come back up and like all this stuff in retrospect, like it's still what we needed like today.Akshat [00:11:27]: Yeah, it's still needed today. workload shapes have changed a lot as, we run stuff for people with really massive production scale and, there it's it's not about scaling from zero to one, but it's how do we scale really elastically, from like thousand to fifteen hundred GPUs very quickly in a given region. It's the same shape problem.Elastic Inference, GPU Autoscaling, and Custom ModelsVibhu [00:11:50]: Okay. So you look at, say, Cursor Composer, right?Akshat [00:11:53]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:11:53]: They had a. “We'll do RL on a model every couple hours.” you guys have a whole version of RL inference gym and whatnot.Vibhu [00:12:01]: When you look at workloads like that, you're doing train runs where you need to scale up, scale down every hour thousands of GPUs, right? That's the example for we do need it, right?Akshat [00:12:12]: Yeah. Well, so I'll, I'll take a step back and, maybe talk about like how people use Modal today. because our biggest use case is, elastic inference. And the thing we first found product market fit, with was inference for custom models. So we stayed away from the LLM space, and we were serving companies like Suno for audio, Runway for video, robotics, comp bio companies that train their own model elsewhere. But Modal is the best black box that for deployment, scaling to however many GPUs you need as your traffic pattern changes. And we saw all of them like have a very unpredict- predict- predictable, traffic pattern. it's like diurnal. It's Some days, like the company will do a launch and, they'll need like, way more. And it's not just one model that they deploy. They-- all these companies deploy, lots of different models in different regions, and so the autoscaling problem becomes even harder because then you have to scale within a certain region, and those cycles are offset. So different times you scale up in different regions.Akshat [00:13:20]: So that's like our sortVibhu [00:13:22]: And thatAkshat [00:13:22]: YeahVibhu [00:13:22]: That in and of itself is a huge category. There's a bunch of inference providers which, provide this fireworks, does this as a service together, whatnot, Base10. that's carved into its own niche for language models, at least right now.Akshat [00:13:36]: Yeah. the thing that we have specialized in is the autoscaling aspect.Vibhu [00:13:41]: Yeah.Akshat [00:13:41]: Because we found that it's not universally true that everyone else can autoscale, and we've gone deeper into it on the tech side by, we've incorporated GPU snapshotting into the product so we can take the GPU state, like your torch.compile model, snapshot it, and the next cold start is way faster. And so going back to your question, it's That's why you need a lot of burstiness for inference. But then people also do a lot of demand training, like for RL stuff, your rollouts are bursty, as you said. People also do a lot of batch jobs. So we'll see, a lot of companies, before they have a training run, they'll need thousands of GPUs to run encoding or something like that. And I think those things are much more bursty than. I agree that agents are not that bursty. sandboxes are, except when you're doing RL. RL is justRL, Batch Jobs, and 100,000 SandboxesVibhu [00:14:28]: Or commerceAkshat [00:14:28]: Insanely bursty.Vibhu [00:14:29]: Yeah.Akshat [00:14:30]: Yeah. Like when you're doing, rollouts, you sometimes need a hundred thousand sandboxes in your sandboxes.Vibhu [00:14:37]: Yeah. I'm curious if you've seen early sparks of continual learning. There are some people, like our friends, ngram, recently announced thisAkshat [00:14:45]: YeahVibhu [00:14:45]: They're, they're trying to do training. That also seems like a different workload, right? If you're doing training twenty-four/seven per se, there's a very weird dynamic of how you're using GPUs between people and whatnot, but seems like something you guys would work for.Akshat [00:15:00]: As you said, we're, we're fortunate to work with a number of, customers at the frontier and grab some of our customers. and they are taking the primitives we have, and trying to use them in very interesting ways, like continual learning. It's possible as the stuff gets better, some of that will be part of, our offering as well if, more people need it. but we're, we're just waiting to seeVibhu [00:15:23]: YeahAkshat [00:15:23]: How it shakes out.Vibhu [00:15:24]: Is there a primitive that you added after sandboxing that was the next step in the story?LLM Inference, DeFlash, and Speculative DecodingAkshat [00:15:32]: I guess we've been going much deeper into LLM inferenceVibhu [00:15:35]: YeahAkshat [00:15:35]: Because we realized that some of the advantages we have with like autoscaling, again, especially in different regions and whatnot, are, not present elsewhere. and the place where we had a gap was we weren't, working on the model layer itself. Like we were a black box. And, we realized that, we can get to frontier-level model performance, with, by having great people who work on this. And, we've been open sourcing a lot of our work, in terms of, Recently, we, shared our work on DeFlash, which is a block-based, speculator, and we've open sourced, all of it. So, you can - By using open source DeFlash, you can get the same performance as you would with one of the proprietary providers. And the next thing we're thinking about hereVibhu [00:16:23]: I thought this wasAkshat [00:16:24]: YeahVibhu [00:16:24]: An interesting blog post as well, right? Like, I think in here you make a claim that. Not a claim, just that how effective speculative deco-decoding really just get to.Akshat [00:16:33]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:16:33]: Anything you wanna point out from this around, what people should know?Akshat [00:16:39]: Yeah, absolutely. the high-level summary is, it would help to describe what speculative decoding is.Vibhu [00:16:44]: Yes.Akshat [00:16:44]: I will, yes.Vibhu [00:16:45]: I think, likeAkshat [00:16:46]: YeahVibhu [00:16:46]: So we've covered like Eagle and all thisAkshat [00:16:47]: YeahVibhu [00:16:47]: Like Hydra and all those things, but it was like two years ago.Akshat [00:16:51]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:16:51]: I think it doesn't hurt, right?Akshat [00:16:52]: Yeah. Speculative decoding is you have a smaller model, called a draft model, predict tokens ahead of the bigger model, and then you have the bigger model, verify all of this, all the tokens are predicted. And the reason it's faster is if you're predicting, one token at once, you're bound by memory bandwidth. But if you can batch the verification of, the draft model, then you're much more efficient using compute, and it's faster, and as long as your draft model is producing a lot of tokens that can get accepted, which is called the accept length, you can get a speed up that's, multiple times of, the original model speed. and well, that's what we highlight here. It's Like people talk a lot about we made these kernels faster and whatnot, but improving kernel will only give you like few percentage points of improvement, and, increasing accept length, literally is a multiplicative decreaseVibhu [00:17:47]: Like two to four X.Akshat [00:17:48]: Yeah, exactly.Vibhu [00:17:48]: Without much head-on performance.Akshat [00:17:50]: Yeah. I think it may - you are running a second model, right? So it may be something more expensive in the compute,Vibhu [00:17:57]: I meant quality performanceAkshat [00:17:58]: Probably not by muchVibhu [00:17:58]: But yeah. I thinkAkshat [00:17:59]: So there's no drop in quality performanceVibhu [00:18:01]: YeahAkshat [00:18:01]: Because you're always. You're never accepting a token that the big modelVibhu [00:18:04]: It's strictly betterAkshat [00:18:05]: YeahVibhu [00:18:05]: Or it's same.Akshat [00:18:06]: Exactly.Vibhu [00:18:07]: Right. Yeah.Akshat [00:18:08]: And so we've been working a bunch on DeFlash, which is a block-based speculator. so it's instead of predicting, one token at a time, it's predicting a block. And we've been open sourcing our work with it. The next thing for us here is for helping people train speculators and custom models. it's it's something that traditionally is very forward-deployed engineering driven, support deployed, engineer driven, like you work with customers and help them do that. And our vision for. This is why we launched Auto Endpoints, is we want to make frontier-level performance available to everyone. And so, we mentioned this in the announcement, we teased it. The next thing we're, we're launching is, as you run an auto endpoint, we shadow trafficAuto Endpoints and Frontier-Level PerformanceVibhu [00:18:54]: Do you want to explain what auto endpoints are?Akshat [00:18:57]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:18:57]: I lovely, yeah.Akshat [00:18:58]: Yeah. So, this is, I guess, going back to your Modal is you touch the code, but, sometimes people don't wanna touch the code, and they wanna get started with an endpoint that works and has all the great performance and, scalability that Modal has. So we've made that easier with, a way to create an endpoint from our UI, from the CLI, that has all of our optimizations that we talked about, like the DeFlash stuff already baked in, and there's full transparency. So we give you the code, you can go run it yourself, and if you want, you can eject out into the full Modal experience, which we see as people get sophisticated, they do wanna tweak the models, they wanna, fine-tune stuff. You can still do all of that. It's it's not a black box. And yeah, the next thing, as we teased later in the post, is how do we give you value even beyond this in terms of having your draft models evolve as your data distribution evolves, again, without having to talk to a person and, yeah.Vibhu [00:19:59]: I guess just to understand it directly, you have the GPUs, you have an endpoint that's compatible, you serve open model. If someone was to do this themselves, what's the delta that you guys provide? So you do a lot of open source great work on effective inference. how does it compare to, say, I take the same model, 5.2 FP8, take shelf inference engine, vLLM, SGLang, get compute of similar capacity, similar cost. What's the delta that plugging into something this, like this offers outside of the benefit of, scaling?Production Inference Beyond Raw GPUsAkshat [00:20:34]: It's interesting because we've taken the approach of open sourcing our contributions and upstreaming them. we work closely with the SGLang team. We want the improvements that our team, comes up with to be, there in open source for others to use, even outside of Modal. The benefit to us is we have a team that has significant expertise in terms of if you do have something that is not there, our team can help you get that performance, first. the other thing is with these endpoints, we are way more elastic, as you said, than, anyone else, and you have true scaling to zero. you have true, burstiness, and in practice, that matters a lot more to people than just finding, the GPU and, running Modal code on something.Vibhu [00:21:20]: Yeah. And I will say it's not that straightforward to just. like what I said is easier said than done, right?Akshat [00:21:26]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:21:27]: It's I think still for the average person, still hard to just gut check using different. There's, there's quite a bit of combinations you can make there. the trade-offs aren't really known at face value.Akshat [00:21:40]: Yeah. it's it's not just that. I think it's it's that running production-grade inference is a hard infer problem.Vibhu [00:21:49]: YeahAkshat [00:21:49]: Even if you subtract out the autoscalingVibhu [00:21:50]: YeahAkshat [00:21:51]: Is controlling things like tail latency and, making sure every, request is delivered at least once and whatnot.The Model and Agent LifecycleVibhu [00:22:00]: There's a lot of innovation that you can do here. I think, it's very interesting that you're starting to encroach on, like as you become a full cloud, you're starting to encroach on other people's turf.Vibhu [00:22:09]: What will you not do?Akshat [00:22:13]: Well, we wanna follow our users and, make sure they get like a platform that has everything that works well together. so right now we're focused on the model lifecycle and the agent, lifecycle. so both like going from data prep to training to inference, and then also if I want to deploy a background agent, let's say, sandbox, do persistent storage, a whole bunch of other stuff.Vibhu [00:22:38]: We talked to Cole, who did, OpenInspect. Yeah.Akshat [00:22:42]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:22:42]: And RealInspect also is on Modal.Akshat [00:22:44]: Yeah. So Ramp Inspect was a great example of a background agent that was really successful because they, were able to use some of the primitives like snapshotting and fast scaling to just have something that feels really reactive and works well.Ramp Inspect and Background AgentsVibhu [00:23:02]: Yeah. That's the new CTO of, Ramp right there.Akshat [00:23:05]: Yeah, Rahul.Vibhu [00:23:08]: It was really fun. yeah, okay, I think, all very bullish. Like, one of my reflections was also I did not originally. So when I met you guysThe Inference Inflection: CPU, GPU, and Co-LocationVibhu [00:23:19]: You weren't that much in the GPU game, and now you're all about, inference. And one of the points that I hinged on for Jensen's keynote at GTC this year was, what we're calling like the inference inflection, right? That let's say in AI workloads or machine learning workloads, it used to be like, let's call it eight to one GPU to CPU, and now it's more like one to one, which is like a interesting. Like, - because of how much agents are blocked or call out to this, to CPU heavy stuff the actual, like, limiting factor, like, swings back and forth from GPU to CPU a lot more than it used to be all GPU and then occasional CPU.Akshat [00:24:01]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:24:02]: GPU, CPU. And now it's like just constantly, and you just have to locate everything.Seventeen Clouds and the Supercloud StrategyAkshat [00:24:08]: Yeah. And that's one of the things that, again, we see as, something appealing about Modal, which is we've built this capacity pool that spans, 17 cloud providers, so we're, we're very good at Running on various kinds of cloud capacity across the worldSwyx [00:24:24]: You don't have your own data centers?Akshat [00:24:25]: We don't have our own data centers. We just run across a lot of neo cloudsSwyx [00:24:29]: Yeah. AreAkshat [00:24:30]: Metal providers.Swyx [00:24:30]: Yeah. Question mark.Swyx [00:24:31]: Yeah. You're, you're running the math, and you're like, “What's the cutover point where you're like.”Akshat [00:24:36]: Yeah, it's a good question. part of it is we see our differentiator in the software layer, and, being capital light and focusing on the software helps us move really fast. so far it's worked out well because there are so many other people building data centers that we're able to work effectively with them, and again, focus on what makes us, special.Swyx [00:24:55]: Yeah.Swyx [00:24:56]: 17 gets you into, like, the local providers sometimes. LikeAkshat [00:25:00]: The,Swyx [00:25:01]: Which was the most interesting one?Akshat [00:25:02]: There are a lot more neo clouds than you expect, and they all have various degrees of, various levels of reliability. And, that's why it's something we've invested a lot of time in, is building our own reliability layer on top. so if the GPU falls off the bus or something happens, we user workloads are not affected, and that lets us use a lot more capacity than,Swyx [00:25:30]: YeahAkshat [00:25:30]: You as a user would be able to.Swyx [00:25:32]: It's a useful thing to have because like now everyone knows, like, what layer you are and, like, you optimize for being the super cloud of all clouds.Akshat [00:25:41]: Yeah. That's, that's, that's the idea. and so I guess when you mentioned colocation, that's, that's another interesting thing where, one thing we've seen is people come to us when they want, very specifically located, CPUs or GPUs, like they wantSwyx [00:25:57]: Oh, they pin it in likeAkshat [00:25:58]: YeahSwyx [00:25:58]: EU?Akshat [00:25:59]: Exactly. Or EU, US.Swyx [00:26:01]: Right. Data resiliencyAkshat [00:26:02]: AustraliaSwyx [00:26:02]: Locality thing or performance or what?Akshat [00:26:04]: It's either data locality or latency, yeah.Swyx [00:26:07]: Yeah.Akshat [00:26:07]: Like, you want your. They're running sandboxes and model. They want them to be right next to aSwyx [00:26:10]: Yeah, it's easy thenAkshat [00:26:11]: YeahSwyx [00:26:12]: To. That is important in all those things. and so, like, you've accidentally, I don't know if it's accident, but, like, you've built the perfect primitive for agents to express themselves. And then, like, it's almost very funny how every extra development just involves more file system, just involves more CPU.Akshat [00:26:30]: Yeah.Swyx [00:26:31]: Just like the things that you already have. I don't know much about, if there's any, like, networking usages that are interesting, but you've also done some good work on networking.Networking, Sidecars, Private IPv6, and SandboxesAkshat [00:26:40]: Yeah, that's exactly right. Like, we're just taking compute storage and networking and building stuff on that layer, for, again, the stuff people need.Swyx [00:26:49]: YeahAkshat [00:26:50]: We see a few interesting networking things coming up. one is people want networked sandboxes. so we haveSwyx [00:26:57]: For like a Docker cluster type thing.Akshat [00:26:59]: Yeah.Swyx [00:26:59]: Sorry, Docker Swarm. Oh, f**k. What is it called?Akshat [00:27:02]: Compose.Swyx [00:27:03]: Compose type thing.Akshat [00:27:04]: Yeah. So if you want Docker Compose, our sandboxes now support, this thing called sidecars. So you can. A sandbox is a pod of containers, and you can run multiple containers in, a sandbox. also useful because, going back to networking, people want a lot of control over, outbound networking from a sandbox.Swyx [00:27:23]: Yeah.Akshat [00:27:23]: Like, they might wanna run a middle proxy for, like, maybe logging stuff for RL or, controlling how egress can happen to a domain, injecting credentials. and yeah. So we've, we've had to build a lot of that stuff ourselves.Swyx [00:27:38]: Yeah.Akshat [00:27:39]: But then also sometimes people want, sandboxes spanning multiple nodes to talk to each other, which is an emerging thing we're seeing. We have support for that for a different reason, and yeah, we'll see if that becomes stable.Swyx [00:27:52]: Like, just an open socket. It's a. This is directly like mTLS.Akshat [00:27:56]: We do support that, which is you can, expose a tunnel inside a sandbox.Swyx [00:28:01]: Yeah.Akshat [00:28:01]: And then you can either expose it to public internet or it can be, you can add like a HTTP, auth layer above it. But we have this thing called I6PN, which we haven't talked about, which is this, like, overlay network using IPv6 addresses. so if Modal containers, within the same workspace, when this is enabled, can address each other using this private IPv6 address, and no one else can.Akshat [00:28:28]: So it's like private networking, for containers. We built it because we needed it as a primitive for our distributed training product. so we have this other feature, which is you can add a decorator to a function, and you get a cluster of GPUs. and they have RDMA networking. so you can run a distributed training job, that's truly serverless. and we did the overlay network for that. But then we've seen that people are using it for other reasons, and, I'm intrigued to yeah, what would people do with it.Swyx [00:28:59]: Build primitives and let people figure it out, right?Akshat [00:29:01]: Yeah, exactly.Swyx [00:29:02]: You put out a pretty interestingAkshat [00:29:03]: They're like, they read the docs webpage. Let me use thatSwyx [00:29:06]: YeahAkshat [00:29:06]: Something they never intended to work. This is literally not even in our docs page. People somehow found it, and they're using it.RDMA, Memory Movement, and Distributed TrainingSwyx [00:29:12]: Huh.Swyx [00:29:14]: The way you portrayed it with, like, RDMA versus TCP, like, very well laid out, but just the transfer speed change at scale for RL, like yeah, you have it, you have it built in. I'm sure someone found it. It's found it to be a lot more efficient before you made a thing out of it, right?Akshat [00:29:32]: Yeah. And not to split hairs, I guess the overlay network is the TCP overlay network.Akshat [00:29:39]: The reason we have that is you need that to do the key exchange for RDMA before you set up the RDMA network on top of that. but then people found the TCP part.Swyx [00:29:48]: Can I tell you, this is like a big aha moment for me becauseAkshat [00:29:51]: YeahSwyx [00:29:51]: So I review 2,200 submissions for the World's Fair.Akshat [00:29:56]: Yeah.Swyx [00:29:57]: And then I got this from John OsterhoutAkshat [00:29:58]: HuhSwyx [00:29:59]: Who I don't know if. Do John Osterhout by name?Akshat [00:30:01]: The name sounds familiar.Swyx [00:30:02]: He published a. He's a well-known professor, published a lot of interesting software design books, and this is the talk he chose to submit, is on RDMA at Inference. And I'm like, you wouldn't think that this guy, who is like operating systems guy, would care about RDMA.Akshat [00:30:20]: I, it makes sense to me because I,Swyx [00:30:24]: This is the cloud, right? YeahAkshat [00:30:25]: Like, the way you move around your KV cache and how efficiently you can do it, how efficiently you move, your weights from your training GPUs to your inference GPUs in RL is there's a lot of degrees of freedom, and it is a systems problemSwyx [00:30:41]: YeahAkshat [00:30:41]: Moving memory aroundSwyx [00:30:42]: YeahAkshat [00:30:43]: Scheduling.Swyx [00:30:44]: This shows you how primitive my understanding of networking stuff is.Swyx [00:30:46]: Is this like the domain of WireGuard as well?Akshat [00:30:50]: Not quite.Swyx [00:30:51]: It's adjacent?Swyx [00:30:53]: Explain everything.Akshat [00:30:54]: Sure.Swyx [00:30:56]: How do we move memory around GPUs?Akshat [00:30:58]: Well, so sorry. Yeah, that is memory. Sorry, I was talking more, and maybe I was talking like five minutes back, about the private IPv6, addressing that you've set up.Swyx [00:31:09]: Yeah.Akshat [00:31:09]: Is it like it's a VPN?Swyx [00:31:10]: Yeah, it is like a VPN, and yeah, WireGuard is, yeah, you're right. It is,Akshat [00:31:16]: Right. Yeah, you already moved on to new topicsSwyx [00:31:17]: A similarAkshat [00:31:18]: OkaySwyx [00:31:19]: In the same space, WireGuard is, encrypted and this is,Akshat [00:31:23]: And you don't need encryption.Swyx [00:31:23]: Yeah.Akshat [00:31:24]: Yeah.Swyx [00:31:24]: This is not encrypted. that's the main difference. This is TCP and we have eBPF programs that will reject or allow the TCP connection based on whether you're allowed to do it.Akshat [00:31:35]: Used to involve a full sidecar, but now you have eBPF in the Linux kernel.Swyx [00:31:39]: Yeah.Akshat [00:31:40]: Yeah. I don't know if this is a natural follow-on to the topic of like my skepticism on distributed training is that while, like, people spend a lot of money on, like, cables to hook up GPUs, and even that is not, like, fast enough, and that's the bottleneck, is your networking fast enough?Swyx [00:31:59]: Yeah. So I guess you're talking about fully distributed training like, Dialog or something which is like cross data centerAkshat [00:32:06]: That would be, yes.Swyx [00:32:07]: That's the extreme.Akshat [00:32:08]: Yeah.Swyx [00:32:08]: You're in the middle, and then other people would have like the Mellanox cables up in, like, their actual data center.Akshat [00:32:14]: When you run multi-node training on Modal, RDMA, I think Mellanox, is, or InfiniBand is like a, is all seen as RDMA. but it's a way to bypass the TCP networking stack and, transfer, stuff much faster, between one node, to the other. And we have I think like 3 terabit per second, internal networkingSwyx [00:32:40]: OkayAkshat [00:32:40]: Which is the standard that's needed.Swyx [00:32:42]: Okay. So I misunderstood whatAkshat [00:32:43]: 50Swyx [00:32:43]: What part of the stack you wereAkshat [00:32:44]: 50 gigs overSwyx [00:32:45]: YeahAkshat [00:32:45]: If you wentSwyx [00:32:45]: YeahAkshat [00:32:46]: RDMA.Swyx [00:32:46]: Okay.Swyx [00:32:48]: Yeah. I, very impressive work.Multi-Node Training, Post-Training, and Auto ResearchSwyx [00:32:52]: So effectively you're extending like the model philosophy to the training cluster, like, yeah.Akshat [00:32:59]: Yeah. And we're, we're not going for like large scale training runs. the thing that we've built multi-node training for is, we see a lot of, smaller scale post-training. like, people are post-training like medium sized fund models, so they can, get higher quality on inference. this is a perfect fit, for something like that.Swyx [00:33:21]: Yeah. That is my impression of how a lot of these labs explore branches in post-training and then eventually merge whatever they find in.Akshat [00:33:31]: Yeah. The other use case we've seen for multi-node training is even if you have a big cluster, your researchers are still doing small runsSwyx [00:33:38]: YesAkshat [00:33:39]: Having elasticity thereSwyx [00:33:40]: Right, sureAkshat [00:33:40]: Matters a lot more.Swyx [00:33:41]: Yeah. the, like, this is like the current limiting factor for auto research, which is like you need to give your model some GPUs in order for it to completely run.Akshat [00:33:51]: We have a blog post on auto resource and model is,Swyx [00:33:55]: YeahAkshat [00:33:56]: Yeah, like, turns out to be pretty good substrate for that.Swyx [00:33:59]: So my impression is auto research means many things, likeAkshat [00:34:01]: YeahSwyx [00:34:01]: Anything that Andrej coins. Right now it's still science fair, right? Like not like, I don't know how many people are doing this.Akshat [00:34:08]: We're having a golf.Swyx [00:34:08]: Yeah.Akshat [00:34:09]: I thought the same thing.Swyx [00:34:11]: Yeah, you would know.Akshat [00:34:12]: We, like, our internal both training and inference teams use this the general shape of this quite a bit. like we have this one internal repo called auto inference, which essentially we've automated our own forward-deployed engineering efforts using, this harness, which is, the agent will just spin up a sweep of different things. It'll even run like, NVIDIA inside profiler and it'll like tweak configs and it'll arrive the right thing. it'll change your GPUs both from H200 to B200, and works really well.Swyx [00:34:47]: Nice.Akshat [00:34:47]: So yeah.Swyx [00:34:48]: By the way, I enjoy that your forward-deployed engineering is so technical that you have to do these things.Swyx [00:34:52]: It's very different from forward-deployed engineering from other people.Akshat [00:34:54]: Yeah. For our forward-deployed engineering team is, essentially they're like applied inference researchers or applied training researchers.Swyx [00:35:02]: Someone told me like they have to be able to build, but they also have to be able to sell. do they have to sell or are they like they're good, they're just like post-sale type of thing?Akshat [00:35:09]: It does, being able to talk to a customer and engage effectively with themSwyx [00:35:13]: YeahAkshat [00:35:13]: Matters a lot.Swyx [00:35:14]: They want the same thing.Akshat [00:35:15]: Yeah.Swyx [00:35:15]: ?Akshat [00:35:15]: But it's it's not really a sales, thing. We pair them with-- We have solution architects as well that are more on the sales side.Swyx [00:35:23]: Okay. Let's spend a bit more time on auto research. This is a big focus for for this year. Where does this go? like, have people explored enough? Like, there's all these beautiful charts of like improve and then level off a bit and then you find the next thing. Is this one abstraction up from normal training? Is that how we think about it, or do you think about it differently? Like model level training versus high, like driven hyperparameter search.Auto Inference and Modal BenchAkshat [00:35:51]: Yeah, like,Swyx [00:35:51]: Someone, some people call it like neural architecture search or whatever, right? Like.Akshat [00:35:54]: Yeah, - So the stuff I've seen people do with it is nowhere on the architecture level. It's pretty much tweaking parameters, but it's it's a hyperparameter sweep that's guided by some model intuition, so it's like much more efficient than, whatever other, sweep you would have.Swyx [00:36:12]: Yeah, it's just, it's just a question of where you want to spend your compute?Akshat [00:36:16]: Right.Swyx [00:36:16]: ‘Cause yeah, you can just throw infinite amounts of money on this and somehow you'll bang out Shakespeare?Akshat [00:36:22]: Yeah, infinite monkey.Swyx [00:36:24]: Yeah, so like the very good for model. and I think it's also very important that agents can spin up other agents, can spin up their infrastructure. Like very good for you. how good is our LLMs at generating model code? Like the benefit of existing LLMs is that you are in the data.Akshat [00:36:42]: Yeah. They're, they're surprisingly good. I think like pre Cloud 4 they were not, and then now they're able to shot, stuff out of the box. But we're playing around with releasing like a Modal Bench for like the harderSwyx [00:36:55]: YeahAkshat [00:36:55]: Things, that the LLMs cannot do yet and maybeSwyx [00:36:59]: What's an example of that?Akshat [00:37:01]: I think the things that- Sometimes agents struggle with, without right guidance and a skill is, how to, use the rest of our observability. Like how to. Something is failing, like how do you look at the logs and then update the right thing? It's reasoning about that. But they're able to shot, likeSwyx [00:37:23]: Yeah. You can just add a skill to it?Compute Strategy and Capacity PlanningAkshat [00:37:26]: Yeah. So we have a Modal skill now that. Which is why we built this Modal Bench. It's to find things like that, so we can address them in our tool.Swyx [00:37:35]: Tune a skill. Yeah.Akshat [00:37:36]: Yeah.Swyx [00:37:36]: No. it's it's good. are you facing any shortages? like we talk a lot about GPU shortages, but also CPU, also memory.Swyx [00:37:44]: Yeah.Akshat [00:37:45]: We have had a lot of growth, which means that, there's - we've had to be much better aboutSwyx [00:37:53]: PlanningAkshat [00:37:54]: Proactive capacity planning.Swyx [00:37:55]: Yeah.Akshat [00:37:55]: So we have,Swyx [00:37:57]: Which by the way, like it's like a MBA's like dreamAkshat [00:38:00]: YesSwyx [00:38:00]: Is like just planning this stuff. I think last time you and I talked about something maybe about this.Akshat [00:38:03]: Yeah. we have a really competent team of people that we call, The role is called compute strategy. so yeah, if anyone listening here or wants to work on thatSwyx [00:38:13]: Compute strategy?Akshat [00:38:13]: Yeah.Swyx [00:38:14]: I think,Akshat [00:38:14]: I feel like,Swyx [00:38:15]: I think the normies call it FP&A or something.Akshat [00:38:18]: Well, it's more It's it's not FP&A. It's it's There's a lot of interesting financial questions of like what is the blend between one year and three-year reservations? how do we forecast our own capacity? how do we. especially since our capacity is very fungible across different GPU types and different regions, like you have to model a lot of it. and you also have to have an opinion on how the supply chain is gonna evolve, and then you have to like, take bets,Swyx [00:38:49]: YeahAkshat [00:38:49]: Based on that.Swyx [00:38:50]: Tokenomics.Akshat [00:38:50]: Yeah.Swyx [00:38:51]: This is like probably a not a real point, but, I was trying to think about like what other industries. I was trying to think about like, we cannot be first to like these kinds of problems.Akshat [00:38:59]: Yeah.Swyx [00:39:00]: And what other industries have had this? And I was like, airlines with fuel and like they have to hedge their fuel and like, I think for a long time Southwest because they made like a hero fuel bet, they like were like super low cost becauseAkshat [00:39:12]: OhSwyx [00:39:12]: Compared to everyone else.Akshat [00:39:14]: Yeah. I hadn't thought about that.Vibhu [00:39:16]: We're at a fun time too?Akshat [00:39:18]: Yeah. It's. A lot of the compute business in general, for us is also about being very good about capacity management. That is how you have great unit, economics. but also over time it's how you can unlock more value for customers. Like, one of the things we're building now is like a way for customers to get, If they don't care about latency, like get much cheaper pricing and they'll get results back in like next 24 hours or something, like a batch tier essentially.Batch Tiers and Latency-Insensitive WorkloadsSwyx [00:39:47]: Yeah.Akshat [00:39:47]: And those are levers we have because we control the whole stack and scheduling and whatnot to give people a sufficientSwyx [00:39:53]: Yeah. I feel like they're not as popular. Like those, like the Frontier Labs have all those APIs. They're not as popular as they should be.Akshat [00:40:00]: The demand that we see for something like that is not for LLMs. although sometimes people wanna run evals andSwyx [00:40:08]: OkayAkshat [00:40:08]: Synthetic data prep and there it makes sense.Swyx [00:40:10]: Okay.Akshat [00:40:11]: But it's from a lot of LLM companies, like people who are doing computational bio, like they have to run really big batch jobs and they don't care about when they get it back.Swyx [00:40:22]: Yeah. And like they have a reasonable. It's it's also like a cousin to the stopping problem of like, will this finish in time?Akshat [00:40:30]: Yeah. You can bound it.Swyx [00:40:33]: Yeah.Akshat [00:40:33]: Like you can give peopleSwyx [00:40:34]: YeahAkshat [00:40:34]: SLAs on it.Swyx [00:40:35]: Yeah. I think what's, what's interesting is like the next phase of model.Swyx [00:40:38]: Like what, do people expect from you, now that you're established and you're like well-known compute player among all these leading companies. You had an inference launch week, and we talked a little bit about the launches. like what else? Like what else should people know?What Modal Builds NextAkshat [00:40:55]: We are building primitives that make our users' lives much easier. So, I think for example, with LLM inference, thousands more companies are gonna post-train their own models and, deploy open source models for inference. so we're thinking a lot about what is the best product shape for that. And, that involves everything from our training gym to, then, endpoints that get frontier-level performance. again, but I haven't talked to anyone. It looks somewhat different on other verticals. Like, we're also seeing a lot of real-time, audio-video stuff in there, which is why like, we're working on things like regional routing, with fallbacks. So you can get GPUs that are as close to users as possible. so you get like low latency for video streaming and whatnot. And then on the agent side, it's,Akshat [00:41:52]: We're still working very closely with our customers because stuff is changing so fast in terms of what they need. And, I think beyond sandboxes and persistent file systems, there's a lot of other things people will need from this agent stack as they build production agents. So yeah, we're thinking about those other things that fit in there.Swyx [00:42:13]: I want to ask what the other things are.Akshat [00:42:15]: Yeah. I probably should share right now.Swyx [00:42:17]: I think-- I think, okay, so, I do think a lot about the principal components of cloud, and you do talk about compute storage networking.Akshat [00:42:25]: Yeah.Swyx [00:42:25]: Because so far for me, it's fine. so far for the. the first couple generations of cloud, it's fine. What's different, qualitatively different about agents that you need some new permission level? Like a lot of people, okay, and I'll just kinda spew tokens at you until it like hopefully sparks something.Akshat [00:42:43]: Yeah.Swyx [00:42:44]: Like the new level now is whatever Claude Code does, which is dangerously scope permissions or like allow list by command or like whatever, right? And sometimes they're like, “Well, okay, we have like this adaptive thinking mode where like, just trust me, bro. I will make the calls for you.” Is that it? like mediated permissions.Hard Guardrails vs. LLM-Mediated PermissionsVibhu [00:43:03]: Now you're looping it with a goal and letting it roll.Akshat [00:43:06]: Yeah, I'm, I'm skeptical of LLM media permission for stuff that is at the sandbox level because you do want hard boundaries.Swyx [00:43:16]: Yeah.Akshat [00:43:16]: Otherwise, someone can exfiltrate stuff.Swyx [00:43:20]: But likeAkshat [00:43:20]: YeahSwyx [00:43:20]: Maybe that's old school thinking. Maybe we're the dinosaurs.Swyx [00:43:23]: Maybe the AI OS or the LLM OS is really the kernel is a goddamn LLM.Swyx [00:43:30]: Like it makes you feel uncomfortable.Akshat [00:43:31]: Yeah, I'm, I'm toldSwyx [00:43:32]: But that's what trusting the LLM is. Like imagine a spherical cow perfect LLM.Akshat [00:43:36]: Right.Swyx [00:43:37]: That it.Akshat [00:43:39]: Maybe.Swyx [00:43:41]: I wanna test the boundaries, right?Akshat [00:43:42]: Yeah.Swyx [00:43:42]: Like, and I don't believe that, but I wanna see where I'm wrong ‘cause that's, that's the consensus.Akshat [00:43:49]: Yeah. I think you always need hard guardrails when you want, And you can pair those with softer guardrails, right? And that's gonna be a lot of mediated.Managed Agents and Specialized SandboxesSwyx [00:44:00]: There. I'll also get you a end with a couple of your commentary on like the ecosystem outside of Modal. Manage agents. Everyone has one. Gemini, OpenAI, Claude, very useful for you, but also like it is their way of starting to edge into your space.Akshat [00:44:17]: Yeah.Swyx [00:44:17]: What's going on?Akshat [00:44:19]: Yeah, we're, very excited to partner with Anthropic and some of the other foundation labs, will not name who we're also working with. the way we see it is the manage agent thing is a great place to start if you're starting out building an agent and, But then when you get to, building something more production grade, like you're a company that's like Ramp that's building their own, Ramp also runs their accounting agent on us, so their external-facing agent. You need a lot more control over, your compute primitive on things like, what sort - how do you persist different files that the agent has access to, and how do you snapshot and restore? How do you control the networking? maybe you want GPUs. When you get to that point, you kinda want, a specialized sandbox provider, that gives you those things, and that's the role that we are trying to play.Swyx [00:45:15]: YeahAkshat [00:45:16]: We don't really have an opinion on the harness, whether it runs - it's a cloud-managed agent, and you hook it up to Model Sandbox, or you run the harness in Model Sandbox. We'll see where people converge with that.Swyx [00:45:26]: Yeah. Do you any opinions on like the meta harnesses, or just another layer on top of these things?Akshat [00:45:31]: You mean like the OpenPipeSwyx [00:45:33]: OpenPipe is one. I think Vercel had one, which I can't remember the name of right now. Fredshot had one. and then, to me, most recently was Data Databricks that had Omnigen. All these are meta harness. Like it's kinda pseudo agent cloud type things.Akshat [00:45:50]: I personally have not played around with them.Swyx [00:45:53]: Yeah.Akshat [00:45:53]: Build agents with them.Swyx [00:45:54]: Everything's bullish Modal, as long as it consumes more infra.Akshat [00:45:57]: That's why we're focusing on the infra layer. It's somewhere where our, relative competence is and, also it's a hard problem to solve.Swyx [00:46:06]: Yeah. I will say like just generally reflecting on that, I don't know if - if there's other topics on Modal, but like just generally reflecting as an infra person, not as intense as you, but in that field, this has like been the most exciting time in infra. Like it was boring for a while, and you couldn't really get people excited about data infrastructure. Like Eric would get on Data Console, everyone just watched the video and like say, “Look at how many sandboxes I can spin up,” and no one gave a crap.Why Infrastructure Became Exciting AgainAkshat [00:46:39]: Yeah.Swyx [00:46:40]: And like now everyone gives a crap.Akshat [00:46:42]: That's true. It is a very exciting time, and I think a lot of that's driven by just the amount of scale all of this stuff needs.Swyx [00:46:50]: I think the, like a lot of your initiatives or a lot of your like product directions make sense in retrospect, which is like the best kind, but I wouldn't necessarily have thought about it myself, which.Akshat [00:47:00]: We need the predictions.Swyx [00:47:02]: I think there's a lot that you just don't even see, right? Like you have the batch, you have the voice, you have the multimodal, but what else?Akshat [00:47:10]: What else is coming up for usSwyx [00:47:11]: Yeah. Where do you see things going?Akshat [00:47:13]: Yeah. I, in generalBiotech, Robotics, and Non-LLM AI WorkloadsAkshat [00:47:15]: It's it's clear that there's there's a huge shift happening. I think one thing that's not as obvious to people because LLM inference gets talked about so much and is also we work a lot of companies that are, doing things like drug discovery and computational bio, like the Chai Discoveries of the world. Big things are probably gonna happen there. we work a lot of robotics companies that are putting robots in like active deployments and getting good results out of them.Swyx [00:47:45]: Is there Air Gap Modal? Is there a version that is like prem air gapped whatever?Akshat [00:47:50]: No. We,Swyx [00:47:51]: You should cloud only.Akshat [00:47:51]: Yeah.Swyx [00:47:52]: Yeah. Okay. But yeah, so what you're saying is like because you're focused on primitives and they're good primitives, you find use cases in all these kinds of things.Akshat [00:48:01]: Yeah.Swyx [00:48:01]: Probably diversifies you a little bit away from LMS all the time.Akshat [00:48:05]: Yeah, absolutely. We're, we'- our goal isn't to only serve the LLM inference market.Swyx [00:48:10]: There are a lot just on the website, the audio,Akshat [00:48:12]: Yeah. We said both onSwyx [00:48:14]: Computational bio images. Yeah, there's a lot here. There's QTA TTS, customizing. Oh, Chatterbox. there was customizing Whisper.Akshat [00:48:24]: Okay. Yeah.Swyx [00:48:25]: This screen reminds me of a fallen competitor, which Replicate.Model APIs vs. Differentiated AI ProductsSwyx [00:48:31]: What's your postmortem on what happened?Akshat [00:48:34]: This is one thing we've stayed away from is providing an API for models because I think providing model APIs is some of it ends up serving like a really hobbyist market, which is much less sticky.Swyx [00:48:50]: Yeah.Akshat [00:48:50]: And we've always wanted to build for companies that are building products and need more flexibility that's not just an API.Swyx [00:48:57]: Which you can build an API for a model and this is clearly what it is. But you - but what you're saying, you can wrap it into a more fully functioning back end that you run.Akshat [00:49:06]: Yeah. So all of our examples, it's not that spin up this model, here's an API token, use it. They're all code.Swyx [00:49:13]: Okay.Akshat [00:49:13]: And so the point is that this is just an example.Swyx [00:49:16]: Starter code.Akshat [00:49:17]: Yeah. But you can tweak it however you want.Swyx [00:49:20]: Yeah.Akshat [00:49:21]: And if you're like a company building a product, like, computational bio whatnot, yeah.Swyx [00:49:26]: I guess I'm trying to tease out for listenersAkshat [00:49:28]: YeahSwyx [00:49:28]: When does it stop becoming, oh, you're just an API call and you're just a wrapper on API to becoming what you call a product, right?Swyx [00:49:36]: Like, what is that layer? Like what-- Like, more lines of code, but like beyond that, what is the substance that people add that qualifies it to be something more?Akshat [00:49:46]: I think there's a little bit of like a selection effect of like a lot of the companies who do wanna get deeper into that level are probably building something that's more differentiated. And, I think, an example is like - with LLM inference, originally we, worked with companies that were building their own post-training frameworks or they were, - Ramp early in the day was training their own tokenizer and like swapping out the tokenizer in Llama and whatnot. I'm not saying that's, that successful, in that case. But a better example is like, let's say Suno. because Suno, does not use Modal for training.Swyx [00:50:26]: Mikey on the pod. Yeah.Akshat [00:50:27]: But they use Modal for all their inference and that's because they have like a custom-- They have completely custom model architecture and that means that they have to be at the code level and tweak things that are not, just an API.Swyx [00:50:41]: It's interesting as well, like we had, Ethan, most recently on the xAI Groq team make a prediction that like the next tier in video gen is not a better video model, it's a better model or agent that orchestrates video models.Video Agents and Production WorkflowsAkshat [00:50:56]: Oh, interesting.Vibhu [00:50:56]: Language model backbone that can use toolsAkshat [00:50:58]: RightVibhu [00:50:59]: And write code.Akshat [00:51:00]: Like, yes, I can make my second video or my second video from Groq, but I want my minute video.Akshat [00:51:06]: And I'm not going there through normal video gen.Swyx [00:51:10]: Yeah, that's interesting. I - So we have GPU sandboxes and recently have seen a few companies doing agents that do video manipulation or,Akshat [00:51:22]: Yeah. Give it FFmpeg and just do it.Swyx [00:51:23]: Run FFmpeg. But likeAkshat [00:51:25]: That's not enough.Swyx [00:51:25]: Yeah.Akshat [00:51:26]: You need to give it Adobe.Swyx [00:51:27]: Yeah, I hadn't put it together with like it would be a video production thing. in my mind these things were going more towards editingAkshat [00:51:36]: Yeah.Vibhu [00:51:36]: Well, shout out Mantis.Akshat [00:51:37]: I think about this a lot.Swyx [00:51:38]: .Akshat [00:51:41]: Yeah. Sorry.Vibhu [00:51:41]: Luma. Luma Agent is a version of this for video production, but it's a off.Swyx [00:51:46]: I was gonna get your quick takes, on some other stuff that happensGitpod/Ona, CI, and Runtime SandboxesSwyx [00:51:50]: In recent news and just-just see if you have anything interesting. Gitpod, very li

Most companies treat employee retention as an HR problem.The data from hundreds of P&Ls says it's a leadership problem and the companies that figure that out first are the ones that consistently outperform.Rohit Bassi, McKinsey veteran, private equity operator, and author of People Priority, introduces a framework that is changing how business leaders think about their most valuable asset. Rohit calls it People Quotient, or PQ. Just as individuals have IQ and EQ, companies have PQ. The ones that measure it, invest in it, and build it deliberately are the ones that win.Rohit and, host, Ashish Kothari unpack why retention is not a metric to hand off to HR, why trust is the single most important element of any organizational design, and why the companies winning with small and medium sized businesses are the ones treating talent operations as a core business function not an afterthought.If you lead a team, run a business, or advise organizations on growth, this conversation will change how you think about your people strategy.What you will learn:How successful companies align leadership, structure, and talent systems to elevate their PQThe three leadership traits, drive, empowerment, and velocity, that fuel high performanceWhy most hiring processes are reactive and how to adopt a disciplined, systematic approachThe importance of trust and conflict management in fostering a high-trust cultureHow to use the “CAST” framework, clarity, accountability, structure, and trust for organizational designEpisode Chapters: 03:46 Rohit introduces the concept of People Quotient and how it was born from analyzing hundreds of P&Ls08:00 The three pillars of PQ: leadership capability, organizational design, and talent operations12:00 Why bad managers, not bad companies, are the primary reason people leave29:08 The real cost of attrition34:54 Retention as a leadership trait: what CEOs get wrong43:45 Talent operations: the three things companies consistently get wrong49:36 Why putting people first works from 3-person startups to 10,000 person organizations52:02 Closing reflections: people are not a support function, they are the strategyResources:Connect with the GuestLinkedIn: Rohit BassiRecommended Reading: People Priority The CEOs Blueprint for Winning Talent AcquisitionConnect with the HostLinkedIn: Ashish KothariWebsite: Happiness SquadBook: Hardwired For HappinessYouTube: Happiness Squad ChannelIf this conversation sparked something for you, please subscribe and leave a review, it takes 30 seconds and helps more people discover the show.

On this special crossover episode between RETHINK Retail and Retail Razor, guest host Ricardo Belmar — founder of the Retail Razor podcast network — sits down with Aidan Mittra, Co-founder of OrderGrid, to explore how retail innovation is reshaping grocery operations, tackling margin constraints, and leveraging data to unlock the massive opportunities presented by AI and retail media networks. Key Takeaways - Acute operational and resource pressures remain: Margin constraints, high staff turnover, and shifting customer expectations create an incredibly complex environment where grocers must operate leaner than ever. - Clean data is required for emerging tech: Advanced solutions like AI-based pre-trip meal planning rely entirely on real-time, accurate inventory and product data foundations. - Isolated point systems must be connected: Novel solutions like robots, sensors, and electronic shelf labels generate useful data, but they lack the operational connectivity needed to orchestrate real-time daily tasks for overwhelmed store associates. - Stores are evolving into omnichannel hubs: Physical stores remain essential but are shifting to blend digital channels with experiential upgrades, such as utilizing smart carts, apps, and backroom fulfillment. - In-store retail media opens incremental high-value revenue: Grocers possess an invaluable goldmine of first-party customer data that can be activated inside the store to build a meaningful new income stream with real bottom-line impact. - Three factors separate future market leaders: Success hinges on structuring organizations around the customer rather than separate physical/e-commerce P&Ls, establishing strong data foundations today, and fiercely owning the customer relationship through loyalty. This episode digs deep into how a clean data foundation and operational connectivity position grocery operators to lead an increasingly complex and fast-moving retail landscape.

We're excited to have Databricks join us at AIEWF, among hundreds of the top companies in the AI Engineer ecosystem. LS subscribers can use their discount to get past the late bird pricing and access over $50k in sponsor offers! Everyone is still talking about Satya's Frontier Ecosystems post, but few have actually built a (now $175 billion) frontier ecosystem and cloud like our guests today.From open-sourcing the layer above coding agents to rethinking databases for the agent era, Databricks cofounders Matei Zaharia and Reynold Xin are pushing the company beyond the lakehouse into a full data-and-AI operating system. In this episode, Matei and Reynold join swyx at the 2026 Data + AI Summit to unpack Omnigent, LTAP, Lakebase, agent security, open formats, Mosaic, and why databases may matter more than ever once AI agents start doing real work.We go deep on Omnigent: Databricks' open-source meta-harness for combining, controlling, and sharing agents across Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, Pi, custom agents, and internal tools. Matei explains why coding agents and enterprise agents run into the same problems: portability, collaboration, session history, security, spend controls, and the need for a common API above every harness.Then Reynold walks through Databricks' database dream: why CDC is brittle enough to joke that it means “continuous data corruption,” why HTAP has been the holy grail of database engineering, and why Databricks thinks LTAP gets most of the benefits by unifying the storage layer instead of collapsing every query engine. We also cover Databricks' infrastructure scale, the culture behind rapid prototyping, the difference between tech and enterprise customers, Databricks vs Snowflake, whether vector databases should have ever existed, the Mosaic model strategy, Genie, AI Runtime, RL fine-tuning, and the thesis that traditional software gets rewritten once the data is in the right place and agents sit on top.Databricks began as a company for the big data era. The origination of Spark from the Berkeley AMPLab which eventually turned into the product Lakehouse convinced enterprises that they didn't need a separate data lake, warehouse, ML platform, and governance layer. They just needed one open foundation where all of their data could live and be reasoned over.Since then a lot has changed, but data has only become more important. Data is no longer something you keep track of and analyze ad hoc, it's the necessary context agents need in order to act. So the framing has shifted from “where do we put all of our data?” to “how do we expose the right slice of state, history, permissions, and business logic to an AI system at the exact moment it's doing work?”If frontier model performance becomes commoditized, the durable advantage then becomes the company-specific context around them: proprietary data, governed access, operational state, transaction logs, workflows, and feedback loops. Which makes Databricks positioned perfectly.Now coming fresh off the Data + AI Summit 2026, the company is moving just as fast to keep up, announcing Genie One, Omnigent, LTAP, and many more, indicating a central mission in its newer work: Databricks is trying to become the operating system for enterprise agents.Models are getting good enough, but agents are only useful if they have the right context, permissions, memory, state, cost controls, and access to live business data. Fundamentally it appears that significantly better model performance in production is a systems problem, one that data guys like us are remarkably well prepared to solve!We discuss:* Why Databricks built Omnigent as a meta-harness above existing AI agents* Why coding agents and custom enterprise agents need the same infrastructure* The common API for agent sessions, files, streams, tool calls, and cancellation* Why persistent sessions, cloud sandboxes, sharing, search, and collaboration matter* Why Databricks open-sourced Omnigent instead of keeping it proprietary* Databricks' internal agent usage, cloud sandboxes, and coding workflows* The scale of Databricks: 50–60 million virtual machines a day and exabytes before breakfast* Why agent security needs contextual and stateful policies* How an agent could read confidential docs, install a compromised npm package, and leak data* Why spend control matters when an agent can burn $500 reading logs* Startup opportunities around coding-agent analytics, quality, skills, and spend* LTAP, Lakebase, and why Databricks wants to rethink the database stack* OLTP vs OLAP, CDC, and why data pipelines break at 3 a.m.* Why HTAP has historically been the holy grail of database engineering* Why Databricks thinks LTAP is “HTAP done right”* How writing transactional data into column-oriented formats changes analytics* Why agents need live operational context from databases, not just telemetry* How Databricks prototypes strategic systems without endless process* Enterprise vs tech customers, governance, procurement, and DIY culture* The “second system syndrome” risk of rewriting a database engine* Building a database engine from a decade of traces and quadrillions of data points* Why vector databases should never have been a separate category* Why open formats and AI changed the race with Snowflake* The Mosaic story, DBRX, Genie, document parsing models, and specialized model training* Why model customization and RL fine-tuning may become mainstream* Why “get the data there, slap some agent on top” may rewrite traditional softwareMatei Zaharia* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mateizaharia* X: https://x.com/matei_zahariaReynold Xin* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rxin* X: https://x.com/rxinDatabricks* Website: https://www.databricks.com* X: https://x.com/databricksTimestamps00:00:00 Introduction00:02:22 Omnigent and the Agent Infrastructure Layer00:08:39 Agent Clouds, Common APIs, and Open Source00:16:52 Databricks Scale and Internal AI Workflows00:18:03 Agent Security, Governance, and Spend Controls00:27:34 LTAP and the Database Dream00:30:30 CDC, HTAP, and Why Data Pipelines Break00:34:05 Lakebase, Parquet, and Live Data for Agents00:36:47 Databricks' Culture of Fast Prototyping00:43:40 The Dream Engine and Rewriting the Database Stack00:51:02 Vector Databases, Query Engines, and LTAP00:52:36 Databricks vs Snowflake00:57:48 Mosaic, DBRX, Genie, and Specialized Models01:03:11 Context, AI Runtime, and RL Fine-Tuning01:06:15 Why Data + Agents May Rewrite Software01:07:09 Closing ThoughtsTranscriptIntroduction: Databricks, Data + AI Summit, and Founder DynamicsSwyx [00:00:00]: Matei and Reynold from Databricks, welcome to Latent Space.Reynold Xin [00:00:06]: Hey, thanks for having us.Swyx [00:00:07]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:00:08]: Yeah, thanks so much.Swyx [00:00:09]: thanks for taking time out. You have your Databricks, Data AI Summit going on. You were just telling me how the first summit that you guys ran was just 50 peopleReynold Xin [00:00:17]: Yeah, it wasSwyx [00:00:17]: in BerkeleyReynold Xin [00:00:18]: little meetup at Berkeley, I thinkMatei Zaharia [00:00:19]: YeahReynold Xin [00:00:19]: put togetherMatei Zaharia [00:00:20]: We were doing these tutorials and, yeah, just teach people Spark.Swyx [00:00:23]: Yeah. obviously now it's like, I think like the headline number's like 100,000 people around the world, 30,000 in person.Swyx [00:00:30]: it's a crazyMatei Zaharia [00:00:31]: AmazingSwyx [00:00:31]: community. Well, I just saw the keynote.Swyx [00:00:35]: Ali's just. Did was it obvious or that back when that Ali would be, like, such a great, like, CEO? LikeReynold Xin [00:00:42]: OhSwyx [00:00:42]: such a great presenter?Reynold Xin [00:00:43]: What do you think?Matei Zaharia [00:00:44]: I think among our group of founders it was clear that, I think he'd be the best at this.Swyx [00:00:50]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:00:50]: And yeah, it turned out great. And he's, he's ramped up on so many topics growing a company. He would just go in and, like, study it and, be talk to all the experts. Like, even if he can't hire the person, learn enough about, like, finance and sales and whatever it was, and, and go from there. Yeah.Swyx [00:01:09]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:01:10]: he's obviously very high IQ and a very high EQ, but it wasn't. Like, Ali today is quite different from Ali from, like 10 years ago. I think there's a lot of work that he put in to, get to this point.Swyx [00:01:20]: Yeah. no, to me the most appealing thing about him is that he's funny. And like, it, it's, it'Matei Zaharia [00:01:26]: It's true, yeahSwyx [00:01:26]: it's hard to make jokes about, data warehousesReynold Xin [00:01:30]: About serious topicsSwyx [00:01:31]: securityMatei Zaharia [00:01:32]: YeahSwyx [00:01:32]: what have you.Matei Zaharia [00:01:33]: Oh, yeah. That's for sure.Swyx [00:01:34]: Yeah. So you guys launched a whole bunch of things. I'll, I'll just name check briefly, the stuff because we're not gonna cover everything. Omnigentt, your baby. LTAP, your baby, your dream engine.Swyx [00:01:47]: we're also gonna cover Genie, cover CustomerLake, you acquired PantherMatei Zaharia [00:01:52]: YeahSwyx [00:01:52]: Open Sharing, and there's Unity AI Gateway. A lot of these, I think, like, are things that you would expect a Databricks to do. It's, it's like part of the roadmap. Everyone in your category has similar things. But I think, probably the two of you are leading the two most unique and differentiated initiativesOmnigent and the Agent Infrastructure LayerSwyx [00:02:09]: on, in the landscape. Maybe we'll start with, Omnigentt we'll, we'll, we'll, we'll go into it. I do think that a lot of people are exploring this meta harness concept.Matei Zaharia [00:02:21]: Yeah, totally.Swyx [00:02:21]: What led you to it?Matei Zaharia [00:02:22]: Yeah. There were a couple of, like, converging lines, which I think is a good sign that you need something new. So on the one hand, there's all the coding agent info internally. We have really great, dev infra team. they built something called Isaac, that's like a wrapper on Claude Code and Codex, and, lets you use them either on the web in, like, sandboxes or, just on your dev machine or on your laptop or whatever. And then, they were adding all kinds of stuff there. And we saw all the more advanced engineers like, were building their own workflows with tons of agents, and they were building their own UIs and stuff on top or even on top of that. And then the other one was, like, us building agents. We ship this, like, data science agent called Genie on the research team, which I lead. We also build a lot of internal ones for various things, and then we have all the customer ones. And all of them running into this thing of like, “Oh, I need to switch model and harness and so on,” every few months. Plus the agent is, like, completely useless if you can't share sessions with someone and have history and have search and all this, like, layer on top of it for collaboration. I thought a bit about it from both contexts and, at first people thought it was weird. They're like, “Why are you doing coding agents and custom agents in the same thing?” But I said it's, it's the same problems and, you just wanna build the stuff that lets you deliver the agent, maybe control it if you care about security, and, make it portable across things. And then we prototyped some things as experiments. We saw, yeah, we can make it work, and then we built that for real.Swyx [00:04:06]: I'm wondering if this let's call it architectureMatei Zaharia [00:04:11]: YeahSwyx [00:04:11]: maps to anything in your careers in the past. like I always think about how a lot of things just tie back to operating systems.Swyx [00:04:18]: A lot of operatingMatei Zaharia [00:04:19]: YeahSwyx [00:04:20]: systems tie back to databases,Matei Zaharia [00:04:21]: SoSwyx [00:04:21]: or the other way aroundMatei Zaharia [00:04:22]: so the thing, I do think it ties a lot to, like, network protocols, internet protocol. we alsoSwyx [00:04:29]: Communication between entities.Matei Zaharia [00:04:30]: Yeah. We did stuff with, like, data sharing also, which is probably, most viewers probably won't know unless they'Swyx [00:04:36]: Yeah, open protocol is the term.Matei Zaharia [00:04:37]: Yeah.Swyx [00:04:38]: Open sharing. Open sharing.Matei Zaharia [00:04:38]: Open sharing.Swyx [00:04:39]: Yes.Matei Zaharia [00:04:39]: Yeah. So it's like you have a company, you maintain some table, like let's say like a Walmart or something. They have like the, inventory and what's been sold in each store. And then you also have suppliers, and they would love to produce more things and ship them, like, exactly the moment you need them. So they would love, like, real-time access to your table. So instead of like sending emails around or Excel sheets or phone calls, why can't you share like a view of that table in real time with them? Then they query, they, join it with their data, and they decide what to send. So it's one of these things where you, like you might ask like today since we can vibe code anything so fast, why do we even need to design like protocols or APIs or software? Why can't you just vibe code things on demand? But for this type of interoperability where multiple parties that are moving at different speeds are building stuff and you still want some layer on top to coordinate, you do wanna design it and build it. So it reminds me of that, like agents talking to each other and, users talking to agents and tools.Agent Clouds, Cloud Sandboxes, and Keeping Sessions AliveSwyx [00:05:42]: Reynold, any other comments alternative viewpoints?Reynold Xin [00:05:46]: I think, by the way, we had a debate on exactly which set of benefits would, matter a lot, and I think around the time we decided to do this thing I was telling Matei, “Hey,” it just happened to be there's a particular week that I was coding nonstopSwyx [00:06:00]: from the moment I woke up to, like, the moment I went to bed, I was, like, looking at my Claude sessions, my Codex sessions. And one of the things that was particularly annoying was having to keep my laptop open.Swyx [00:06:12]: I was driving to a doctor's appointment, and I remember because I wanted to make sure the whole thing continues working.Matei Zaharia [00:06:18]: But by the way, it's so comforting to hear you say that because I'm like, “I don't know if I'm a clown and I'm doing this or like.”Swyx [00:06:25]: Yeah. Like honestly, I was driving and I was tethering my laptop to my phone.Matei Zaharia [00:06:29]: huh.Swyx [00:06:29]: Keeping it on the side. Whenever I hit a red light, I started looking at what's going on my laptop.Matei Zaharia [00:06:35]: Yeah.Swyx [00:06:35]: And I just felt that was ridiculous.Matei Zaharia [00:06:37]: Yeah.Swyx [00:06:37]: It felt like we went back to the dark agesMatei Zaharia [00:06:39]: YeahSwyx [00:06:40]: programming. the productivity you gain from all this coding age is amazing, but, yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:06:45]: Have you heard of cloud?Swyx [00:06:47]: Yeah.Swyx [00:06:48]: It was crazy to me.Matei Zaharia [00:06:49]: Oh, the thing you were working on was the sandboxes or was this before that?Swyx [00:06:52]: It was a sandbox.Matei Zaharia [00:06:53]: Okay.Swyx [00:06:54]: I was workMatei Zaharia [00:06:54]: So you were inSwyx [00:06:55]: So I was approaching from a very different angle. I wanted to, “Hey, we're gonna have cloud sandboxes that doesn't shut down. You can get one very quickly,” but not just for running agentic sessions.Matei Zaharia [00:07:06]: Yeah.Swyx [00:07:06]: It's also for running development. So I was personally building that week, and through building that, I ran into all these issues, and then I wroteMatei Zaharia [00:07:15]: YeahSwyx [00:07:15]: a document for Matei, it's like, “Here's my wish list of what the actual environment should do.” And I think he ended up almost implementingMatei Zaharia [00:07:22]: YeahSwyx [00:07:22]: every single one of them.Matei Zaharia [00:07:23]: Yeah, I remember Reynolds saying, ‘cause my first prototype of this had just chats with your agent and he said, “I have to be able to open a shell, like my own shell and like list files and like tail them and stuff.” SoSwyx [00:07:36]: So SSH into a mainframe.Matei Zaharia [00:07:37]: Yeah. it has that now.Swyx [00:07:39]: Tailing my log.Matei Zaharia [00:07:40]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:07:41]: Yeah.Swyx [00:07:41]: And also another thing I think I asked was, I had. I still use cursor for the sole purpose of rendering markdown files.Matei Zaharia [00:07:48]: huh. Yes.Swyx [00:07:49]: So I said, “If you just give me a way to see my markdown files and renderMatei Zaharia [00:07:53]: YeahSwyx [00:07:53]: them properly, I don't need a separate tool anymore.”Matei Zaharia [00:07:55]: Yeah.Swyx [00:07:56]: And I think you also built that in.Matei Zaharia [00:07:57]: Yeah, we, yeah, we did that, yeah. Yeah, we had a lot of engineers building, their own vibe coding setup. But then the other thing they all said is like, “Hey, I built something that's amazing for me, but, like, no one else on the team can use it ‘cause I don't have a server to collaborate.” And this is why we tried to set up, Omnigent, so you can have a server and have the security, set up in there. So, like log in with Google or whatever and, like securely share stuff. which. And that's where we've seen a lot of other agents like hit things. Like people think they prototyped an awesome agent, but it's not allowed to connect to like some really important data or whatever because of the security team.Omnigent Architecture, Open Source, and Common APIsSwyx [00:08:38]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:08:38]: So yeah.Swyx [00:08:39]: Yeah. At this point, so for those watching along on YouTube, we're gonna putting up a image of the structure here, and we can talk a little bit of the architecture. I think I just want to have people understand, ‘cause like when we're talking about software, it can be very abstract and like here is what we're talking about. You've worked out in open source this entire platform and there's a runner component and server component with a uniform API that you've, you've figured out. any other element and obviously you can plug in all this, persistence layers and compute layers. This is a whole cloud. It's an agent cloud.Matei Zaharia [00:09:12]: Yeah. It's, it's got these components to work with it. The, a lot of the action happens like on the machine where you deploy your agent too. So whatever you've got on there, you can run. But yeah, it's, I think it's the minimal thing you want to have hosted, like collaborative agents and to have that server. And one of the reasons we open sourced it is, anyone building agents, this gives them an app they can start with and customize, which we were seeing in Databricks too. Like someone would make a nice, agent app and then other teams would ask, “Oh, can I just use yours for my agent?”Swyx [00:09:45]: Yeah, I think we had like five or six different agentic frameworksMatei Zaharia [00:09:48]: YeahSwyx [00:09:48]: built by every different team. They do all do more or less the same thing. Yeah, you need to. people wanna take something that works in Forkit, and you might as well have something open source. Yeah, which also was another question, which is interesting for Databricks. Like what do you choose to open source? What do you choose to make it proprietary? It's in. this goes back to Spark, right?Matei Zaharia [00:10:05]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:10:06]: One, so one of the reasons to open source something is if you think it's a layer that will there'll be some network effect, it'll benefit from many, people collaborating, on it. So, for example, with Spark, I don't know if when Spark came out, we also focused a lot on letting you have libraries on top. So like there used to be differentSwyx [00:10:28]: EcosystemMatei Zaharia [00:10:28]: distributed computing engines for like machine learning and graph computation. We said they should all be libraries that you can compose. And we made it super easy to add connectors to data sources too. And then we benefit because, we don't have the time to write like connectors to like, 1,000 like different databases and file formats, but we can just use the ones people make, and of course they benefit from joining, this thing. So that's like one of these as it. Another way to think about it is like imagine, we our thing wasn't open. We had some agent hosting thing, but it's not open and then there is an open one. if you're. Which one's gonna win in the long run? So like here, because there is this benefit from like people writing integrations, it'll be, it'll be that. And then there are other things that like you just can't, even deliver as open source that are things the company does. Like for example, how do you make sure you're like streaming, jobs or your Lakebase database doesn't like, lose all your data at night? Well, that requires an operational team that's gonna sit there. There's no way it has to be a service. So like we wanna make sure as a company we're really good at those infra services and then we're as open as we can in terms of like what you build on top.Swyx [00:11:42]: speaking from a benefits, I think we are already seeing pull requestsMatei Zaharia [00:11:45]: YeahSwyx [00:11:45]: of all kinds of ecosystem integration, even though it was only released on Saturday.Matei Zaharia [00:11:50]: Yeah, Saturday. Yeah. So someoneSwyx [00:11:51]: Let's see, let's see what's going on. Yeah, you can look at the merge ones. I asked Sam Nigon this morning aboutMatei Zaharia [00:11:59]: 400 merge already?Matei Zaharia [00:12:00]: Yeah. I think Recent quite, I would guess around half are not from our team. but for example, someone added support for running it on Kubernetesrnetes. people added, many cloud sandboxes, so this can launch a cloud sandbox and run your agent in there, which is great for sharing too, ‘cause it's not, like, on your laptop and someone's, like, running scary code on there. so yeah, many startups have put those in, and, we expect to see more of them. We also have more agent harnesses already. Cursor, CLI, and Antigravity also.The Modern Data Stack and the Emerging AI StackMatei Zaharia [00:12:34]: Yeah. That's all, beautiful. And I, I feel like the last time this happens, there was the rise of the modern data stack.Matei Zaharia [00:12:42]: I don't know if it's that useful. I'm, I'm curious in your postmortem.Matei Zaharia [00:12:46]: I think most peopleSwyx [00:12:47]: AgreeMatei Zaharia [00:12:47]: will agree that it is finally dead. but maybe this arises to a new modern AI stack that, like, does the same thing.Matei Zaharia [00:12:52]: I don't know.Reynold Xin [00:12:54]: I think the modern data stack was a pretty useful thing, probably even up until this day. I think what, maybe for the audience who don't understand the history, I think the modern data stack is effectively decomposed into you need a layer to ingest the data in, you need a layer to transform your data, and then all of this are run, and then you need a layer to maybe visualize your data. And all of this runs on some data warehouse, or later on, as we're doing data warehouse or lakehouse.Reynold Xin [00:13:21]: I think that concepts are all very powerful and very useful. They enable a lot of workloads. What people eventually run into is a question of unification and consolidation is, hey, do you really need to chop all this into different pieces and work with so many different vendors and platforms in order to get, like, a very simple visualization done, right? So I think, like, over time, everybody started realizing that customers are pushing us. We started, we can realize that, so we started building more and more capabilities and trying to consolidate. And at the end of the day now, customers don't have to worry about having me hook up five different systems in orderMatei Zaharia [00:13:55]: YeahReynold Xin [00:13:55]: produce a chart. But the. I think, honestly, something like this is probably happening, in how many different frameworks do you want to hook up together in order to produce, like do a very simple agent.Matei Zaharia [00:14:06]: Just to be clear, I would say the core of this is this common API on top of all the harnesses. So the API is like, you've got an agent session, and you can send in a message or, like, a file. That's what you can send in, and then you get out, these streams as it's streaming text or as it's doing tool calls. And, or the other thing you can send in is you can, like, tell it to cancel a turn. So that's the API. Now, the thing we did is we could get you that on top of, like, cloud code running in a terminal, Codex, Py, OpenAI SDK, all that stuff. We map them all to that same interface. So that is something that you'd have to maintain yourself if you built your own, like, agent orchestrator, and then whenever cloud changes its API, you gotta, tweak your thing or it's gonna lose some messages. So that's the thing that's valuable to maintain. Then on top of that, like, we built a few apps. I think we built a pretty cool UI and stuff, but that's, And we built a security and control piece, which I'm excited about. But it's that common interface, so we don't. We. That doesn't try to be a stack. And in fact, you could plug in your own UI on top of this, server. That, and that's one of the use cases we care a lot about, ‘cause we want to use this in our own products.Compute, Sandboxes, and Databricks ScaleSwyx [00:15:20]: Yeah. It should be everywhere.Matei Zaharia [00:15:22]: Yeah.Swyx [00:15:22]: I think one of those things that is really interesting to me is, like, well, first of all, I'll, I'll endeavor to do everything and not call it the modern AI stack because like it needs a different name.Matei Zaharia [00:15:32]: Yeah.Swyx [00:15:32]: But like, yes, like, so one of the first people that told me about compute, sandboxing was Nikita from Neon.Swyx [00:15:39]: Because a lot of people think about Neon as like, well, it's serverless Postgres with, like, the separation of compute and storage and, instant branching and all those things. But every database company is also a compute company.Matei Zaharia [00:15:51]: Yeah. Yeah.Swyx [00:15:52]: And so he was showing to me his whole, his sandboxing solution. I don't think he have ever launched it.Matei Zaharia [00:15:57]: So our sandbox solution, the reason we could build it so quickly was because we realized if you just take the actual Lakebase architectureSwyx [00:16:05]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:16:05]: and remove the database from it, by the coming from NeonSwyx [00:16:08]: Exactly, rightMatei Zaharia [00:16:09]: you have this sandboxSwyx [00:16:09]: Every database company has it already, yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:16:11]: Now, there are some differences. For example, in the one to support this particular workflow, it's important to have local persistence,Swyx [00:16:19]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:16:19]: because you want your state to persist. Your libraries, you don't have to install your library every time, right?Matei Zaharia [00:16:24]: whereas the Neon architecture, because of the separation of storage from compute, you don't need persistent local disk.Swyx [00:16:30]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:16:30]: So there's some differences.Swyx [00:16:32]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:16:32]: But the, at the end of the day, yeah, it's, Yeah, so this is when you run, like, a coding sandbox. Like, if I use it, yeah, we have the dev env internally at Databricks. There's, like, many, like, tens of gigabytes of data just for, like, all the source code and, like, artifacts and stuff that I built, and I want that to come back next time, so.Matei Zaharia [00:16:51]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:16:51]: But yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:16:52]: Before the show, we was talking about some statistics that might be surprising at the adoption.Matei Zaharia [00:16:56]: It could be internal, it could be external, whatever comes to mind, just to impress people the scale this is happening.Swyx [00:17:02]: So we, on the analytics side, I think we launchedReynold Xin [00:17:06]: Maybe 50 or 60 million virtual machines a day across all three clouds, so we're one of the biggest compute orchestrators out there.Reynold Xin [00:17:13]: Stuff for sure for CPU compute.Swyx [00:17:14]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:17:14]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:17:15]: the. And all of this process, I think exabytes of data, I joked about depending on which time zone you are, typically before you have breakfast, Databricks would have processed exabytes of data already on that day. and on Neon, it's pretty interesting, too. It's launching, I think, 13 million databasesSwyx [00:17:34]: YeahReynold Xin [00:17:34]: a day now.Swyx [00:17:35]: Yeah, to me that was, like, aReynold Xin [00:17:36]: And that's just likeSwyx [00:17:37]: Like, what do you mean?Matei Zaharia [00:17:38]: Yeah. And that's the point.Reynold Xin [00:17:40]: And a lot of those were thanks to agent- agents and branching experimentationSwyx [00:17:44]: YeahReynold Xin [00:17:44]: because we made it so easy and so quickly, and thanks a lot to Nikita's team, to launch databases. It's, the. So it's changing the way people use databases.Swyx [00:17:54]: Yeah. Okay, we're gonna go into more database talk in a bit, but I wanna make sure we close up anything on Omnigentt. you mentioned, you were excited about the securityOmnigent Security, Contextual Policies, and Spend ControlsSwyx [00:18:03]: control side.Matei Zaharia [00:18:04]: Yeah.Swyx [00:18:04]: a lot of companies are figuring that out right now, as well as the spend side.Matei Zaharia [00:18:08]: Yep.Swyx [00:18:09]: what have you found there?Matei Zaharia [00:18:11]: Yeah, so I spent quite a bit of time talking to internal users, developers, security team, managers, and also lots of customers, and there's a few things. Like, first of all, one thing, that immediately was. became obvious is for security, there's this tension between, like, usability and security. And, the way people do. Like, a lot of coding agents today have very basic things like you can tell me which tool patterns I'll allow or disallow or whatever. It's like yes or no. But that puts you in a very tough spot. So just as an example, like, should my agent be able to read, some confidential documents, or let's say, should it be able to install new packages from npm, which, maybe it's compromised. Yes or no? Like, maybe I wanna allow it. Should my agent be able to publish stuff to the company website? Well, if I'm using it to code on the website, yes. But should it be able to do both, so it can, like grab a confidential document and be prompt injected and leak it? Probably not. So the thing we decided we need is stateful or what we call contextual policies where you keep track of the state of that session. It's not like is it allowed to push to the marketing site or not, but, like, hey, if it did a risky thing, like it installed, a old package from npm, or it read, like, 1,000 confidential docs, then no. Then don't, don't do it. Otherwise, maybe it's okay. That's one example of, like, moving that trade-off so it's both more secure and more useful by having a more powerful engine, essentially. This requires tracking sessions. The other piece that was interesting there is, like, there are these very level events it's doing, and you want some libraries on top that parse them. Like, for example, we have a, MCP server on Google Drive internally. It's got 60 API calls. like, how do I know which of those, like, will share a document with stuff on the internet and which ones won't? It's, it's annoying. So we designed in Omnigentt the policy layer so that it's functions and you can have libraries. Like, someone can make something that maps the level events to high-level ones, and then you write a policy about the high-level things that came out. so and thatSwyx [00:20:25]: This is related to the Panther,Matei Zaharia [00:20:27]: Yeah, Panther is. will help with that. PantherSwyx [00:20:30]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:20:30]: a similar idea on the event processing side, and it's Python-based versus a weird custom language. this is more, as in realSwyx [00:20:39]: I didn't even know we were good yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:20:41]: Those things are happening, yeah.Swyx [00:20:42]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:20:42]: So yeah, but these are the cool things. I think the contextual or stateful part, and then the way it can be libraries, and that was another reason to make it open source because others will write libraries and, like, we and our customers can use them. And the final thing, because it's stateful, one of the states we track is how much you spent in that session. So I can. I've had, like, I ask an agent to debug something, and it spent $500 because it decided to read a lot of log files and burn a lot of tokens. but I can literally say, “Okay, launch a agent to do this and cap it to spending $5.” Like, ask me for permission if it needs more. And because we're counting that within that session, it'll pop up and tell me, “Okay, you spent five, $5. Do you wanna go on?”Reynold Xin [00:21:27]: So important context here. Matei spent the last five years, a lot of his time was architecting Unity Catalog at DatabricksMatei Zaharia [00:21:34]: YeahReynold Xin [00:21:34]: which is the governance layer for data.Matei Zaharia [00:21:35]: That's right, yeah.Reynold Xin [00:21:36]: And he's combining expertise at that layer together with all the AI governance he knows.Matei Zaharia [00:21:41]: Yeah.Swyx [00:21:41]: DoMatei Zaharia [00:21:41]: But I also spent a lot of time being annoyed by coding agents and getting prompts.Matei Zaharia [00:21:46]: And also as theReynold Xin [00:21:48]: All the aboveMatei Zaharia [00:21:48]: I don't want to end up on the front page as, like, I installed some weird npm package and leakedSwyx [00:21:53]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:21:53]: all the code, so I'm especially paranoid. But also I have very little time, so I don't want to sit there approving, like, do you want to run a 20-line, bash script, yes or no? so that's why I spend a lot of time figuring out, like, how can I make it as safe as possible and not annoying?Swyx [00:22:10]: Yeah. Is safety and mmm, let's call it security a bigger concern than token maxing or token budgets? which one is, likeMatei Zaharia [00:22:19]: Oh, yeah, they're both there. I don't know. I guess it depends on the type of company you are. So I think, some companies, like, the budget is, limited and, they really care about thatSwyx [00:22:34]: you can be Uber and still be concerned?Matei Zaharia [00:22:36]: Yeah. Oh, yeah, totally. Yeah. If you haveReynold Xin [00:22:38]: for us, securityMatei Zaharia [00:22:39]: YeahReynold Xin [00:22:40]: super paramount.Matei Zaharia [00:22:40]: For us, security is absolutely critical as a, cloud provider. It's, it's the most important thing, and, token maxing, we're not so worried about it yet, but I've seen the Like, for example, I talked to some consulting companies. They have, like, 100,000 employees who are all coding for customers. If those each spend, like, an extra $1,000 a month, that's, that's not fun.Swyx [00:23:04]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:23:04]: we have, like, only a few thousand engineers.Swyx [00:23:06]: What's the policy in Databricks? Is it just unlimited or what'Matei Zaharia [00:23:08]: It's, it's unlimited, but we do. we use our own product to, like, analyze the traces and stuff, and we have a team that'looking to optimize and to see if anyone's doing something weird. And, we had some really cool insights just from analyzing current traces, like whichSwyx [00:23:24]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:23:25]: models are better at, say, Rust versus like TypeScript or whatever. So yeah, at least in our code base.Swyx [00:23:31]: Yeah. Amazing. Obviously, I have to ask the token question, obviously.Matei Zaharia [00:23:34]: Yeah.Swyx [00:23:34]: I think it'sReynold Xin [00:23:34]: YeahSwyx [00:23:34]: it's a key thing. But yes, security and control above that, and figuring out a sane layer there you can have some autonomy, but, not too much.Matei Zaharia [00:23:43]: Yeah. Yeah, and we wanna make it super easy. As a engineer, you should set a thing. So in Omnigentt, you can ask your agent, “Set a policy on yourself to do this.” So it can likeSwyx [00:23:52]: But if there's something I should be showingMatei Zaharia [00:23:53]: YeahSwyx [00:23:53]: I don't, I don't see it on the GitHub, but,Matei Zaharia [00:23:55]: Oh, yeahSwyx [00:23:56]: there's justMatei Zaharia [00:23:56]: Well, in the docs there's something.Swyx [00:23:57]: Yeah, this is it.Matei Zaharia [00:23:58]: You can look at it later.Swyx [00:23:59]: Okay. Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:23:59]: Just look in the docsSwyx [00:24:00]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:24:00]: contextual policies if you wanna see.Swyx [00:24:04]: I just like to point peopleMatei Zaharia [00:24:05]: look at the built-in policies.Swyx [00:24:06]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:24:06]: Yeah.Swyx [00:24:06]: If you want to, follow up on this is exactly where to look, right?Reynold Xin [00:24:10]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:24:10]: Yeah. yeah, and the story of these is, like, I just wrote, like, I wrote a doc with like 10 ideas for things before as you were working on them. Well, that was, like, my wish list of things people asked, and I told the team, like, “Hey, can you do like at least five of these for the launch?” And then they just got back with all of them, so.Swyx [00:24:29]: Oh, wow.Matei Zaharia [00:24:29]: so you can come up with more, but them- some of them are just meant to be examples. really you can intercept, like, any event the agent is making, and you can then either block or force it to ask the user or, like, allow, and you can update state to keepSwyx [00:24:45]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:24:45]: track stuff.Swyx [00:24:46]: Yeah, ‘cause ultimately you're, I think of you as, like, a systems designer.Swyx [00:24:50]: You let people plug in, right? That's the wholeMatei Zaharia [00:24:51]: YeahSwyx [00:24:52]: modus operandi of what you do.Matei Zaharia [00:24:53]: Yeah.Swyx [00:24:54]: It's likeMatei Zaharia [00:24:54]: And we care a lot about also composab- like, can someone else write a library that others use, whichSwyx [00:24:59]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:24:59]: this is meant to.Reynold Xin [00:25:00]: There's also a batteries included philosophy hereMatei Zaharia [00:25:03]: YesReynold Xin [00:25:03]: probably very similar to how you did Spark, which is you could just start using.Swyx [00:25:06]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:25:06]: Yeah, that's right. It has to be good out of the box at certain things, and then you can build your own things on top that, like, we don't wanna do. But in Spark, if you just wanna like, I don't know, like read a table or do, like, a aggregation, it should be awesome at that out of the box.Building on Omnigent: Contributions, Startups, and AnalyticsSwyx [00:25:23]: Yeah. People wanna catch up on Omnigentt, they should watch your keynote.Swyx [00:25:26]: they should go through the GitHub and the docs. If they wanted to contribute, or they want to build on this ecosystem what would you call out as the most high-leverage places get involved?Matei Zaharia [00:25:36]: Yeah, do get involved in the Discord and in GitHub. Our team is there, is monitoring, and, some of the things people ask for we just built ourselves. Some of them, we're, we're collaborating with them to build it. and also tell us, likeSwyx [00:25:49]: Yeah, they're gonna be veryMatei Zaharia [00:25:49]: how you would like to use it because I think especially for developers, like, everyone wants it to work their own way, and a really good developer tool, like you have to hear the feedback on all the ways and figure out the abstractions and how to let people customize. So we'd love to hear, like, if you think, “Hey, I, I don't want it to work this way,” tell us. We really just wanna get that compatibility layer across agents and then let you do stuff on top.Swyx [00:26:14]: Yeah. is there any, in terms of like the startup side, I'm, I'm a founder.Swyx [00:26:18]: I wantMatei Zaharia [00:26:18]: YeahSwyx [00:26:18]: I see an opportunity, I wanna get in front of you. What's your request for, like, a startup that, like, I wish someoneMatei Zaharia [00:26:23]: Oh, like you wanna integrate with us?Swyx [00:26:24]: someone was working on this.Matei Zaharia [00:26:26]: Oh, for a startup?Swyx [00:26:27]: Yeah.Swyx [00:26:28]: Like, your, you got your own startup. It's doing well.Matei Zaharia [00:26:30]: Yeah.Swyx [00:26:30]: But like, if you weren't working on your own startup, what is, like, obvious that you should You advise many startups too, obviously.Matei Zaharia [00:26:37]: I do think, just as a company with a lot of engineers, like anything that helps me make sense of how people are usingSwyx [00:26:46]: SpendMatei Zaharia [00:26:46]: coding agents and,Swyx [00:26:48]: Yeah. AnalyticsMatei Zaharia [00:26:48]: spend, but also quality or like you should write, you should add this skill, or you should write this thing, or your agents are really horrible at tasks involving this service, so I go spend time. That would be nice. yeah.Swyx [00:27:00]: Yeah. The closest I've found is, this team, GitAI.Matei Zaharia [00:27:03]: Oh, cool. Yeah.Swyx [00:27:04]: They started with, like, we will just do, code and human attribution, but they're building the analytics layer on top of that.Matei Zaharia [00:27:12]: Yeah.Swyx [00:27:12]: I do think, like, there are a bunch of, like, artificial analysis is obviously,Matei Zaharia [00:27:18]: Yeah, they have their benchmarksSwyx [00:27:18]: doing super wellMatei Zaharia [00:27:19]: YeahSwyx [00:27:19]: with their stuff. so there's, there will be people. I think this is like the domain of consultants first, but then peopleMatei Zaharia [00:27:26]: YeahSwyx [00:27:26]: will build software that, let's say, it's kinda like the management planeMatei Zaharia [00:27:29]: YeahSwyx [00:27:30]: for coding agents.Matei Zaharia [00:27:30]: Yeah, I think there'll be a lot of insights there. You have it in other areas.Swyx [00:27:34]: Okay. Well, and then the other, big thing is your dream engine.LTAP: Lake Transactional/Analytical ProcessingSwyx [00:27:39]: maybe you wanna tell the story of, LTAP.Reynold Xin [00:27:45]: So, and background with. I'm, I'm gonna make people listen to our Ankur Goyal episode where we talked about SingleStore, HTAPMatei Zaharia [00:27:52]: YeahReynold Xin [00:27:52]: and all that history.Matei Zaharia [00:27:52]: Yeah. The LTAP idea is pretty simple. so if people have heard of the, Ankur's, talk about HTAP, it's effectively the world of databases. Sorry, there's like maybe a lot of context needs to be injected here. The world of databasesSwyx [00:28:06]: I am happy to be the database podcast that I'm forcing people to, like, learn your databases, guys.Swyx [00:28:11]: You cannot vibe code with just markdown files.Reynold Xin [00:28:13]: Yeah.Swyx [00:28:13]: Like,Reynold Xin [00:28:14]: It's one of the most important fundamental systems technologies out there. But the world of database effectively split into roughly two halves. There's what we call OLTP databases, which are transactional, and think of your Postgres, your MySQL, your Oracle databases, and the other side is what we call analytics, and sometime might refer to term OLAP. And the difference is on OLTP, you typically have maybe run some transaction on some event that looks up at one specific row. We update that row, right? It's a very oriented data structure. And on analytics, you're trying to reason on the data. You're trying to compute, “Hey, what's my revenue per store? What's my. How's my website doing every day?” And then you, eventually want to probably end up running anal- machine learning on it to predict, “Hey, how will my maybe sales be going in the future?” they are so very different architecture, and everybody start with OLTP databases. Every app, when you become serious enough, that needs more than markdown files, you need to have a database. You want to lose your data, you want to have some transactional consistency. But once you want to reason on the data, if you only have like- A hundred rows, it's probably okay to run it on your Postgres or your own, your MySQL database. But once you have more data and want to run more complicated analysis, the very analysis might crush your Postgres database. So you start doing, getting data out of the OLTP databaseSwyx [00:29:35]: Replication.Reynold Xin [00:29:36]: Replicate them into the analytic systems and just startSwyx [00:29:39]: Yeah, which for people, Elasticsearch is, like, aReynold Xin [00:29:42]: Yeah. So some of them get into Elasticsearch for, like, blocked analysis. A lot of our customers obviously get into Databricks to run more sophisticated things.Swyx [00:29:51]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:29:51]: And there's this term called CDC, whichMatei Zaharia [00:29:54]: Change data captureReynold Xin [00:29:55]: change data capture. and what it does, it reads the binlog of the database, and if you don't understand what binlog is, it's fine. The, but it's a little delta of the data, and it reconstructs based on the delta, the state of the database, on the analytics side. But CDC is, like, a very painful thing. It's how standard in the industry, everybody uses it, but, it ends up being. I think many data engineers ends up being waken up at, like, 3:00 a.m, because there's some pipeline thing.Swyx [00:30:22]: my explanation is, like, Airbyte is like a, became a $5 billion company just doing CDC.Reynold Xin [00:30:27]: Yeah, exactly.Reynold Xin [00:30:28]: CDC is, like, a veryMatei Zaharia [00:30:30]: It's hard.Reynold Xin [00:30:30]: It's one of the most boring but one of the most fundamental operations, like, powering modern society.Matei Zaharia [00:30:37]: huh.Reynold Xin [00:30:37]: But it's so brittle that, we joke that it's, should be called continuous data corruption, because you might change your schema on your OLTP database, and then the CDC pipeline fails to handleSwyx [00:30:48]: YeahReynold Xin [00:30:48]: the schema change.Swyx [00:30:49]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:30:49]: And then everything goes out.Swyx [00:30:51]: And there's all sorts of tricks that you can do, like, you add in, like, some versioning or whatever, but yeah.Reynold Xin [00:30:55]: Yeah, but it's a very, in general, very complicated. Like, I think at my keynote, I asked the audience put up their hand if they love their CDC pipeline. Only, like, maybe two people put it up. So if single store, like, about maybe a decade ago, I think the industry had this idea, hey, what if I built a single database that can handle both workloads? Now I don't.Swyx [00:31:12]: Which, like, by the way, every database person ever has ever always dreamed about this.Reynold Xin [00:31:15]: Yes. Yes.Reynold Xin [00:31:16]: This is the holy grail of database engineering is why not build a single system that can do both of this? But it ends up just being a lot of compromises. one, I think one of the first issue is that, hey, each. they say Postgres has a massive ecosystem, right? You want to be using the tools that's built for Postgres. And Spark, for example, had a massive ecosystem. There's a lot of libraries you want to use. If you were to create now a new thing, you don't have a ecosystem. You tend to create a new, smaller proprietary API, and you're lacking both, and it's also very difficult to make it performance-wise to be, comparable on either side. So it ends up being sucking on both. And our whole idea of LTAP, it's obviously a wordplay on the term HTAP, is that we think this is HTAP done right. HTAP wants to build a single engine for both. We think you can get 99% of what you need by unifying the storage, and just have a single storage layer. And once you have the single storage layer, if your Postgres databases are writing data in a column-oriented format, everything analytics can just go read that data directly without any delay, right? There's no pipeline in between, so all the data will immediately be available for reasoning analytics. I think I was telling some customers earlier, hey, when we talked about this is gonna be super useful for agents, I at first didn't really believe in it myself, even though we wrote that positioning.Lakebase, Agents, and Live Operational DataMatei Zaharia [00:32:39]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:32:40]: But then last night I was having dinner with a Australian customer, and they told me, “Oh, hey, one of the big issue we have is we have all these logs from our services, and we see SLA dips and want to investigate. But then there's no way for those agents to even understand what's going on in the actual databases themselves. All we see is just, like, product telemetry of the database and the services.” It would make those agents 10 times more powerful if understand, for example, who's placing those orders, what is happening, what exactly are they doing. So now I'm sold on our own message.Swyx [00:33:13]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:33:14]: I think it's really. It gets you the almost all of the benefits of the HTAP holy grail, which is, hey, make the data available immediately for reasoning analyticsSwyx [00:33:26]: Yeah, I think,Reynold Xin [00:33:27]: without compromiseSwyx [00:33:28]: in the way that humans are generally intelligent and want to have the ability and access to query anythingReynold Xin [00:33:34]: YeahSwyx [00:33:35]: while they do the work, they also need history and need context.Swyx [00:33:38]: And, like, where else does they get context? That's it's an analytical workload.Reynold Xin [00:33:41]: Exactly.Matei Zaharia [00:33:42]: Yeah. Yeah. And I remember when we had incidents with our databases and engineers said, “Well, I can't just run a giant query on it to see what's going on because that's gonna bring down the database and hoard it even more.” Like, that's the stuff that this gets rid of, because you spin up a whole separate fleet of machines that's doing the analytics. You're not overloading, like, the main databaseReynold Xin [00:34:02]: RightMatei Zaharia [00:34:02]: that's still trying to serve stuff.Reynold Xin [00:34:04]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:34:04]: Yeah.Why LTAP Works Now: Parquet, Postgres, and LakebaseSwyx [00:34:05]: So this has been a dream for a while. what had to get done in order to get to today? Like,Reynold Xin [00:34:11]: Yeah.Swyx [00:34:11]: I feel like, you have announced variants of this several times, but it wasn't as clear as LTAP.Reynold Xin [00:34:18]: Yeah.Swyx [00:34:18]: I think LTAP is like Like, okay, we've got it, guys.Matei Zaharia [00:34:21]: This thing, yeah.Reynold Xin [00:34:21]: I was talking to somebody at Meta, and then he was asking me, “Hey, what's the catch? Why is it possible now?” And I think the reality is we took a lot of time to work on the Lakebase architecture. obviously a lot of it came from the Neon team, which is a separation of storage from compute. And it turned out it was just a tiny little step away going from that to this LTAP idea, which is, hey, we just. in the Neon architecture and in Lakebase architecture, we're writing data in oriented format to the open data lake, but in there we're writing in Postgres pages. Ali and I were spending a lot of time debating, hey, can we just change that to write in column-oriented format? And we're just debating, and one day, one of our engineers who's, like, super smart came in, he's like, “Hey, I just prototyped it. It works.”Swyx [00:35:07]: Wait, it's, prototype what?Reynold Xin [00:35:09]: Prototype, instead of storing the data in the data lake in the oriented formatSwyx [00:35:15]: ColumnReynold Xin [00:35:15]: like Postgres pagesSwyx [00:35:15]: YeahReynold Xin [00:35:16]: write them in Parquet.Swyx [00:35:17]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:35:18]: and he just made the observation that, hey, our storage fleet has a lot of extra idle CPUs And we could use those CPUs to do the transcoding from row to column, where row is good for OLTP, but column is good for analytics. so let's do that transcoding at that time. And as a matter of fact, once you transcode the data compresses better. So from those services writing to, for example, S3 or other data lake, like object stores, you can write them faster ‘cause now they are now smaller.Matei Zaharia [00:35:49]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:35:49]: So there's no overhead, it's no compromise in performanceMatei Zaharia [00:35:52]: Some CPU overhead.Swyx [00:35:54]: Yeah, because,Matei Zaharia [00:35:55]: YeahSwyx [00:35:55]: we had extra CPUs anyway.Matei Zaharia [00:35:56]: We had that fleet anyway, yeah.Swyx [00:35:57]: so the debate ended. it's one of the classics of, tech, issue of a lot of debate, but then somebody went ahead and just tried to prototype it and it worked.Matei Zaharia [00:36:06]: But, like, something this strategicSwyx [00:36:07]: That's rightMatei Zaharia [00:36:07]: and important to the company, I expect there to be, like, a kickoff thing, like a design doc. Nothing like that.Swyx [00:36:13]: Nothing like that.Swyx [00:36:14]: He just. We were debating in many meetingsMatei Zaharia [00:36:17]: Yeah.Swyx [00:36:17]: and then we're just debating whether it's possible or not from first principle.Matei Zaharia [00:36:20]: YeahSwyx [00:36:20]: and then, somebody just did it.Matei Zaharia [00:36:23]: Yeah, if you set yourself up so people do that'll be great. And that happened a bit with Omnigentt too. I think if I just had a doc on, like, we can make these together, everyone would, would think, “Oh, what about this? What about this?” But then you. if you try it out, it helps. And then if you have real users and they bash it and, like, it's still working, or in this case, if you have the workload, what the workload looks like, you can just test the same pattern then.Databricks' Culture of Fast PrototypingSwyx [00:36:47]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:36:47]: Yeah.Swyx [00:36:47]: Tech aside, which is very cool, this is, like, the most important thing, the culture of innovation, and you don't have to ask my permission, you don't have like, do a whole form- formal process, just do it?Matei Zaharia [00:36:59]: Well, especially these days, I think withSwyx [00:37:01]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:37:01]: AI, it's easier to buildSwyx [00:37:02]: But so, likeMatei Zaharia [00:37:03]: a prototypeSwyx [00:37:03]: I think you are very I made a lot of suite of, like, large companies and, like, I think that at scale, things slow down, and I'm sure you felt it already, but somehow you have this core of people that, like, are exempt. How? I think we hire and we work with really good people, and that's a very important part of it, and empowering them, but also spending a lot of time, maybe us in the trenches matter a lot also.Matei Zaharia [00:37:28]: Yeah, I think, I think first, people can adapt to being in the larger company, so that helps. And we wanna make sure they know that they can try stuff and settle debates and have a lot of examples of how it was done before, or launch a thing in beta or whatever. and then the other thing I do think as a company, like despite the size, we don't launch that many, like, products. We try to keep it pretty coherent. That's, that was the whole, like, theory of the company, was like instead of having, like, 20 Amazon services you need to set up, like a analytics and machine learning stack, you just have one, and it's, like, the same API, the same semantics across all of them, the same copy of the data. So that requires, like, unification. And then we added one more thing at a time. Like, we added storage with Delta Lake. We didn't used to do any storage. Then we added SQL, we added, machine learning platform stuff. So, but yeah, don't, don't do too many, but do those things well and, that also helps, it helps keep it manageable.Reynold Xin [00:38:33]: Yeah. The other thing we encourage a lot is instead of building, boil the ocean for everything, let's figure out how do we do it incrementally, how do we do it very quickly. Like, many of our productsMatei Zaharia [00:38:43]: YeahReynold Xin [00:38:43]: they're built in the span of weeks, and then we go to, hey. Like, usually my first question to whoever team is building is who's the target customer? Who are you working with? Are you on a first-name basis with them? Are you texting with them? I think having that very tight loop,Matei Zaharia [00:38:59]: Can you bring up another launch that comes to mind when, in this thing? I just want to give examples.Reynold Xin [00:39:04]: Omnigentt itself happened that way.Reynold Xin [00:39:05]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:39:06]: Who's the customer? That's a good oneReynold Xin [00:39:34]: storage layer we did. we had, our largest customer at the time said like, “Okay, I need some. I want something in the cloud ‘cause, I. if the rest of our network is compromised, like this thing needs to be separate to store and query the events.” And then, talked to us, he said, “Okay, this is the rate of events per second. This is, like, the freshness I want. Can you do it?” So that was, like, way larger than any workload we had, and we had our, engineer, working on that, Michael Armbrust, and he worked just to make this work. And once it worked for them, it worked for everyone else. Yeah. This was early in the company, probably like four years in or something.Matei Zaharia [00:40:24]: 20- 2018?Swyx [00:40:26]: Yeah, ‘17, ‘18.Matei Zaharia [00:40:28]: Few companiesSwyx [00:40:28]: Do you have other examples?Matei Zaharia [00:40:30]: there'Swyx [00:40:31]: Maybe you have othersMatei Zaharia [00:40:31]: yeah, Clean Room, which is how you share data in a way without sharingSwyx [00:40:35]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:40:35]: underlying data, but you allow specific operations. Those were done effectively initially just for two customers. I think the industry has a sense of, hey, maybe if you overfit to, like, one or two customers, it's gonna be really bad for you. But I think the, downside of overfitting is much smaller than the upside itself. And if you try to be too ambitious and boil the ocean, it's a much bigger problem.Swyx [00:40:58]: Yeah. Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:40:58]: ‘Cause you might end up having no customer.Swyx [00:41:00]: Yeah, that's more, that's the more likely outcome.Matei Zaharia [00:41:02]: Yeah.Tech Companies vs. EnterprisesSwyx [00:41:03]: than you can pivot from there. I do think there is such a thing as a bad customer that sometimes you should fire. Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:41:08]: They could exist sometimes if you drive. well, one of the challenge I think we probably see, and maybe many AI, so newer generation companies are seeing is, so tech companies are very different from tech companies or traditional enterprises.Swyx [00:41:22]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:41:22]: And, if you optimize everything just for tech companies, you might have various challengesSwyx [00:41:27]: OhMatei Zaharia [00:41:27]: scaling them outside of tech companies.Swyx [00:41:28]: Okay, what likeMatei Zaharia [00:41:30]: YeahSwyx [00:41:30]: what like top three differences that you always think about?Reynold Xin [00:41:33]: Governance is a big oneMatei Zaharia [00:41:34]: I think, yeah, a big one is like, yeah, security, data privacy, governance, all that stuff. So usually if you're building some kinda like B2B or developer tool, like your biggest market is gonna be enterprises, but it's just very different. A company that's existed for like, it's had some form of IT for like 30 years, they have so many legacy systems or they operate in a regulated space. whereas a startup or, even like a, like sorta more recent tech company, all the. everything is new and pristine. So yeah, it's just different, and if you've never worked with enterprises or been in one, you just won't know about it.Reynold Xin [00:42:13]: Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:42:13]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:42:13]: And the procurement process is probably quite different. There's far more stakeholders.Matei Zaharia [00:42:17]: Yeah, that is one. Yeah.Matei Zaharia [00:42:18]: Another piece that's interesting is I think some tech companies, people, will say, “Oh, I can build that myself,” right? I'll just build that myself.Matei Zaharia [00:42:27]: So then you go,Reynold Xin [00:42:28]: I don't think people say that about Databricks, butMatei Zaharia [00:42:31]: yeah, it dependsReynold Xin [00:42:32]: They do.Matei Zaharia [00:42:32]: They do?Matei Zaharia [00:42:32]: Yeah, the. Yeah, and it depends on the teams and things. So, but, on the other hand, like many of the enterprises say, “I don't, I never wanna be in the business of building that.” Like, I don't want my, whatever, I'm a retailer or something, I never wannaReynold Xin [00:42:45]: Yeah, sell clothes,Matei Zaharia [00:42:46]: be down because like some weird like nerd like couldn't get streaming pipelines working.Matei Zaharia [00:42:51]: That is not what I'm doing.Reynold Xin [00:42:53]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:42:53]: Yeah. This makes them great customers, to be honest, right?Matei Zaharia [00:42:55]: Yeah. But you have to understand that it's hard without having worked there and stuff, like you may not appreciate.Reynold Xin [00:43:01]: Look, I think they're all great. don't get me wrong, they have different challenges. But the, many of the tech companies, for sure there's a lot, far more DIY.Matei Zaharia [00:43:10]: On the flip side, you have people who are. they're very much experts in their domain, like they're building airplanes, they're, designing medicines, whatever, and they just want to bridge the technology, where like they don't wanna learn, databases or whatever. As cool as we think it is, even as interesting as the average software engineer might think it is to read a little bit, like they just never wanna know. They just say, “I have a, giant like, matrix or whatever with my, clinical data, like how do I, how do I like cluster it or whatever?” So yeah.The Dream Engine and Rewriting the Database StackReynold Xin [00:43:40]: Yeah. That's true. Okay, so and then I wanted to build out the dream engine, vision. where does this all lead? So one of the thing we, realized maybe a couple years back is that every single database engine out there, especially on the analytics side, are a decade old. pretty much everything that have reasonable traction are about a decade old. And they all started targeting some very specific narrow use cases, and then over time it's become more and more successful. They have grown in their ambition, and then they try to support more and more use cases. But the fastest way to support those use cases tend to be hacked around the abstractions that were initially created, that were not for those use cases.Matei Zaharia [00:44:23]: Yeah.Reynold Xin [00:44:23]: And then, but you can support them more or less okay. And before it, after 10 years of organic evolution that way, it becomes a gigantic pile of s**t.Reynold Xin [00:44:31]: the. And, but that includes Databricks. And very few company or very few systems, I think, have the gut to say, let's go start from scratch. Let's go back to the drawing board and design, knowing everything we know today after a decade of workloads and probably billions in revenue, let's attempt to rewrite it from scratch and make sure it will work and it can support all of these use cases. So we started doing that, but it's a very ambitious project. by the way, you can search on Wikipedia, there's this thing called second system syndrome.Matei Zaharia [00:45:08]: Yeah, I know that. Yes.Reynold Xin [00:45:09]: Or second system effect.Matei Zaharia [00:45:11]: Every developer must know what a second syndrome is.Reynold Xin [00:45:12]: It's you built your first thing and it works out great, and the second one's bound to fail because you become too ambitious.Reynold Xin [00:45:19]: And then you ask so many requirements.Matei Zaharia [00:45:20]: Or like you think everythingReynold Xin [00:45:21]: YeahMatei Zaharia [00:45:21]: and then you're likeReynold Xin [00:45:22]: You justMatei Zaharia [00:45:22]: you're, “I'm gonna design the perfect system this time.”Reynold Xin [00:45:24]: Yeah. And it turned out it's not perfect, and then it start failing and you're too ambitious, never launch, and you get killed. The, and the engineering team that started this, they were brilliant. I think we hired some of the best database engineers, on the planet into Databricks, and they were brilliant. Thank God it's not their second system. Many of them have built more than two in the past.Matei Zaharia [00:45:44]: Ah, nice.Reynold Xin [00:45:45]: But they were still worried about this, hey, building a database engine from scratch, I think the conventional wisdom is gonna take like five years to mature. This would be a very long-term project. It could fail. I think one of the engineers jokingly said, “Hey, maybe we just call it Reynolds Stream Engine.” If we name after a founder, maybe we then may get canceled or killed. But I think they built something pretty remarkable. they went back to. They changed the way the database engines were built from a paradigm point of view. Usually when y

Burning. Itching. Tearing during sex. Told it's "just dryness" or "just menopause" — but the treatment never works.It might be lichen sclerosus or lichen planus — two skin conditions that affect the vulva and are diagnosed late (often years late) because they get mistaken for recurrent yeast infections or normal aging.In this episode, I sit down with Dr. Jill Krapf of the Center for Vulvovaginal Disorders to talk about:

You are not doing the heavy lifting alone anymore.If you are living with symptoms that seem confusing, inconsistent, or flat-out exhausting, we have a vital surprise for you. For years, the Lichen Sclerosus Support Network (LSSN) has been a dedicated sanctuary for the LS community. But we know that many of our brothers and sisters are also navigating the painful, isolating world of Lichen Planus (LP) without a clear place to call home. Today, that completely changes. LSSN is officially expanding our mission to build a dedicated resource home for Lichen Planus. Joining host Kathy to launch this new frontier is Dr. Erin Foster, a leading mucosal specialist from Oregon Health & Science University. Dr. Foster is stepping up as the head of our brand-new LP department to help turn scattered search spirals into hard clinical research, clearer tracking tools, and real community hope. Visit our new LP website at https://aboutlichenplanus.comWhat You Will Learn: Core Episode TakeawaysThe Blueprint of Lichen Planus: How this autoimmune response targets the deep T-cells of your body, and why it can show up across your skin, mouth, scalp, nails, esophagus, or genitals. The Diagnostic Blur (LS vs. LP): Why classic textbook definitions are outdated. Dr. Foster shares why hyperkeratotic LP can present as completely white patches on the vulva, mimicking lichen sclerosus perfectly and causing years of misdiagnosis. The 3-to-9 Month Medication Trigger Window: A look at how common everyday medications like Ibuprofen, Metformin, and Beta-blockers can set off a delayed immune flare-up months after your first dose. The Truth About Scarring: Why identifying symptoms early in areas like the scalp (LPP) or moist mucosal tissues is vital to halt irreversible tissue fusion and hair loss. The Systemic Escalation Ladder: A breakdown of how treatments look when topical steroid creams aren't enough, including safe pills like Hydroxychloroquine and immune modulators like Methotrexate. *Self-Advocacy & Educational Use Only. This podcast episode and its accompanying notes exist to organize personal observations, validate patient experiences, and support informed conversations with your care team. This content does not diagnose medical conditions, replace formal clinical examinations, or determine medication directives. LichenS Support Network does not provide clinical diagnoses or official treatment plans. Please coordinate directly with a qualified, licensed professional for all medical evaluations, physical tissue biopsies, and therapeutic care strategies.

Thank You to Our CrewThank You to Our Crew Before we get into it this week, a big thank you to everyone who keeps this show going — the listeners, the community, and everyone flying the P-car flag out there. You know who you are. We appreciate you. Another Rough Weekend for Porsche Motorsport There is no sugarcoating it — another race weekend, another result that hurts to watch. One car out with steering rack issues, the other limping home in 12th. For a factory program with the pedigree Porsche carries, this is not where anyone expected to be at this point in the season. The year opened with real promise, and now we are sitting here trying to figure out what went sideways. The thing that makes it sting more is context: this is the last year of the current factory effort, which means every result carries extra weight. Is this a program that ran out of steam at the end? Is the talent still there but the development cycle just dried up knowing the curtain is coming down? The crew has thoughts, and none of them are particularly optimistic. We are not here to pile on, but we are also not going to pretend a 12th and a DNF is anything other than what it is. Porsche x Toy Story — Buzz Lightyear and the Clone Army Porsche teamed up with Toy Story for a charity livery and honestly, as a one-off it is kind of hard to hate. It is silly, it is colorful, it is for a good cause — fine. But here is where the fun starts. How long before the clout-chasing segment of the community starts dropping their own Buzz Lightyear wraps? Because you know it is coming. We are officially starting the counter. Every time one of these shows up on Instagram over the next few months, we want to know about it. Send them to us at @pcartalk, we will keep a running tally, and we will report back. Play along at home. The over/under on copycat liveries by end of year — place your bets now. To infinity and beyond, apparently. The Big One: When Your 996 or 997 Engine Goes Boom — What Do You Actually Do? IMS failure. Bore scoring. If you own a 996 or 997, these are not hypotheticals — they are scenarios you have thought about, probably more than once. So let us say it actually happens. The engine is cooked, damage is too severe to rebuild sensibly, and you are staring at a bill. A proper factory-spec engine replacement is going to run you somewhere around $50,000 depending on who does the work and what parts are needed. That is a real number, and for a lot of people owning these cars, it reframes the entire ownership conversation. So what do you actually do? You have options, and none of them are comfortable. You pay the freight, source a replacement engine, and keep the car correct — which is the defensible move if you have a clean example and plan to keep it. You find a used engine and gamble on its history. Or you go a completely different direction. And this is where the conversation gets interesting, because people have gone different directions. LS swaps in 911s exist. K-swapped 996s with a turbo bolted on — we have seen it with our own eyes. It runs. It is fast. It is also deeply confusing to look at under the hood of a 911. The question is not just mechanical, it is philosophical. A 911 is defined by the engine in the back. That flat-six, that specific architecture, is what makes the car what it is. When you pull it and replace it with something that was never meant to be there, are you still driving a 911 or are you driving something else that happens to have a 911 body? There is no wrong answer here, especially when the alternative is a $50K repair on a car that might be worth $40K. But the crew has opinions, and this one goes long. Where would you go, and why? Outro That is a wrap on this one. Thanks for riding along. Find us at pcartalk.com for events and everything P-car, support the show at Patreon.com/pcartalk, and hit us on Instagram at @pcartalk. Kimchi Crew: Steve, Leslie, Chris, Ken, Aaron, Sean, and Nik.

01. Mage - Running 02. Yarn - Higher 03. Drumsound & Bassline Smith - Pure Fire 04. Sine Conflict - Body move 05. Rosco - Moving Decades 2026 VIP 06. Rova - Octane 07. Icons - Take Me Higher 08. Lee Mvtthews, Gia Santho - Out Of Time 09. Tantrum Desire - Step 10. Synthetic - Redshift 11. Eskei83 - Keep The Fire Burning 12. Flowidus, Loboski - Amplify 13. Zigi Sc, Phenom - Lockload (feat. Botan) 14. Akrom - Avenger 15. Mayel - Stun Shot 16. Absu_ntql - The Realm ((Darkshire Festival Anthem 2026)) 17. Jirobass - Right Now 18. Acaled - Execution 19. Neothrope, Bulletstorm - Mindsplice 20. Punchman - Poteriat 21. L 33 - Dope Flow 22. Zigi Sc, A-cray - Bit Perfect 23. Document One - Hold On Me 24. Noisesmith, Fauxrealz, Protoss - Awakening 25. Travis Scott F, Playboi Carti - Fein (Lee UHF Neurofunk Remix) 26. Direct Shift - D.Y.C.A.G.Y.S 27. Tlzmn, Charmae - Eternity 28. Muskie - Like a Bomb 29. Cv - FARSIDE 30. Particle, Atmos - Blade 31. NC-17 - Bongo Inc 32. Kvostax - Base Drop 33. Particle, Catching Cairo - 18% 34. K Sonic, Dub Ten - Bad Clash 35. Space Rush - TRIPPIN ON U 36. Basstripper - Under The Lights 37. Osprey, Eda Hinkova - Brighter 38. Nemy - Morana 39. Blade - Copy kat 40. Matec, Libra - Deductive 41. Phace - Noise Cut 42. T>i, Dlr - Fearless 43. Exile - For Your Love 44. Baska - Move To The Future 45. Visla - Maniac 46. L Plus, Jasmine Knight - Good To Be Good 47. Fanatics, Sero - Homunculus 48. Lundy - Flatliner 49. Ls, Moke, Luív - Listen 50. Pingz - Prisoners Of The Mind 51. Covert Garden - Immortals 52. Kendrick, Flatline - Fight 53. Sudley, Ekko & Sidetrack, What Eva - Cool For Me 54. Ggrossy - My Way 55. Tanukichi, Genesis Elijah, Ac Mc - Dubs at Dawn 56. Hemilotl - Hold It Up 57. Glitch City - Pulverized (ft. Samy Nicks) 58. Mj Free - Renegades Theme 59. Pablogyal, Chimpo - Taken Care Of (Sl8r Remix) 60. Mr Quest - Jungle Style 61. Spinscott - Pure Magic 62. Alterra - Likkle Pretty 63. Th'acquisition - So Jah 64. Shiny Radio & Papa Layan X Miss Gau - Generation 65. Cybin - Smoke Rings 66. Conrad Subs - Salvage 67. Openend - Splinter 68. Brainstormer - Summer Of Love 69. Dvzr, DJ Dns, Funky Cats - Funky Reset 70. Mc Manaki, Deejayhijack - Mental Health 71. Shiny Radio & DJ Erik - Uptown Lights 72. Shotik, Mesos - Take Me 73. Hoax, So What, Dynamite Mc - Thread The Needle 74. Rider Shafique, Metalix - Liquid Funk 75. Fluid Form - Boulivardez 76. Rueben, Klinical - Special 77. Lynx, Jamm:n - Vibin 78. Inch M - Desert Roses 79. Mag - Airglow 80. Wavysof, Foor - Alice 81. Flowanastasia, Tyr Kohout, Aaron Payne - Chasing Rainbows 82. Riya, Alex Hill, Minor Forms - Different Kind 83. Disaszt - Rainy Days 84. Bd:j - Lost In Desire 85. Iyre, Mark Menzies - Fallen Crowns 86. Rameses B - 3AM

Alex from New ERA Performance has built everything from 2,000hp trucks to full interior sedans that run eights — this episode covers choosing the right power adder, the LS vs. LT debate, and what it actually costs to build serious horsepower. Take your build up a whole new level with 6XD Gearbox: https://6xdgearbox.com Code "Minnoxide5" for 5% off High Performance Academy: https://hpcdmy.co/Minnoxide Use code "MINNOX" for 55% off ANY course Use Code "MINVIP" for $300 of the MINVIP Package T uned By Shawn: https://www.tunedbyshawn.com Code "Minnoxide" for 5% off! Ship With Sure Thing Logistics: https://www.surethinglogistics.net MORE BIGGER Turbo T-Shirts:  https://www.minnoxide.com/products/more-bigger-t-shirt 0:00 Intro 7:20 First Car Modifications & Racing Days 9:36 The Build Progression Over the Years 11:15 Safety, Speed & Why Eighth Mile Makes Sense 14:04 High Power Build Costs: Budget Motors to Billet Blocks 18:24 Selling the Cars 22:35 Fast Trucks 29:51 Standalone ECUs: Motec, Holley & FuelTech 35:23 Tuning Multiple Platforms 39:03 LS vs. LT 40:06 Building a 1,000hp Camaro 43:22 Stock Blower vs. 2650 Explained 47:23 Single vs. Twin Turbo: Real World Differences 49:48 Suspension Preferences 53:06 The '57 Bel Air LT4 Swap in the Shop 1:01:05 Fuel Strategy at High Power Levels 1:02:42 LS vs. LT & Weird Swaps 1:05:21 Fab Work, Wiring & What Stays In-House 1:08:44 Track Access in California & Traveling to Race 1:17:58 What should the next build be? 1:23:22 Little Gangsters Class & Budget Race Builds 1:31:12 Ford vs. Mopar & Corvette Owners 1:34:06 When to Go TH400

1부 [업되는기업] 햄버거집에서 들려온 경기 침체의 시그널 - 하수정 경제전문기자 2부 요즘엔 명품백 살 돈 머릿결에 투자합니다 - 오린아 LS증권 연구원

This episode is sponsored by Actabl. Learn more about its new product, Altitude, here. For years now, AI has promised hotel leaders something it hasn't delivered: the ability to ask a question and get an answer you can actually trust. Today, that changes with the launch of Actabl Altitude.In this episode, I sit down with Stephen German, Actabl's SVP of Product, to tell the story behind it. We get into why most AI answers fall apart the moment you check them, what it really takes to trust a number enough to hand it to your CFO, and why the foundation under the AI matters more than the AI itself.Stephen makes a distinction that reframes the whole conversation. Most AI is probabilistic, so ask the same question twice, and you can get two different answers. When you're dealing with forecasts and P&Ls, you need deterministic results, the same right answer every time, with logic underneath that knows the difference between your primary forecast and your locked one. That's the line between an interesting demo and a tool you can run a business on.We also talk about who this is really for. Above-property leaders, the regional VPs and COOs, have been underserved by hotel tech for a long time. Altitude lets them have a conversation with their data, follow the thread at the speed of thought, and dig into a problem without waiting days for three different teams to pull reports. It's the always-on AI analyst that hotel leaders have wanted and never had, until now.In this episode, you'll hear:Why you can't trust most AI outputs yet, and what it takes to fix thatThe CFO test: Would you hand this answer over and say, "I know all of this is right"?Why your data has to be normalized, and the apples-to-apples problemThe questions every leader should ask their technical team about AI reportingIntroducing Altitude and the problem it was built to solveA conversation with your data: following the thread without losing the plotWhy above-property leaders have been underserved, and why that ends hereThe data pyramid: spending less time finding answers and more time acting on themLearn more about Actabl Altitude here.Listen to prior episodes in this series:AI Only Works for Hotels in This Order: Data, Intelligence, Action - Stephen German, ActablWhy Our Approach to Hotel Data Earned a Patent and Prepares Hotels for AI - Clark Brayton, Joseph McGroarty & Pritesh Patel, ActablIs Your AI Saving You Time? (Jerimi Ford, Actabl) A few more resources:If you're new to Hospitality Daily, start here. You can send me a message here with questions, comments, or guest suggestionsIf you want to get my summary and actionable insights from each episode delivered to your inbox each day, subscribe here for free.Follow Hospitality Daily and join the conversation on YouTube, LinkedIn, and Instagram.If you want to advertise on Hospitality Daily, here are the ways we can work together.If you found this episode interesting or helpful, send it to someone on your team so you can turn the ideas into action and benefit your business and the people you serve!Music for this show is produced by Clay Bassford of Bespoke Sound: Music Identity Design for Hospitality Brands

Introducing Russell Aaron I didn't learn WordPress at a fancy college or career academy. I graduated from the University of YouTube. My internship was the Las Vegas WordPress Meetup and WordCamp Vegas. The rest I learned building mortgage company platforms, working for casinos, inside managed WordPress hosts, and at some of the best WordPress development and support shops on the planet. Show Notes For more on Russell, check out his website: https://russellenvy.com Transcript: Topher DeRosia: All right. Here we go. Hey folks. Russell Aaron: And three, two, one. Topher DeRosia: Hey folks. Welcome to Hallway Chats. I’m Topher, and I’m here with Russell Aaron. I assume I pronounced that right, because it’s not that hard, but you never know. Russell Aaron: You know, so many people call me Aaron. They’ll tag me and they go, “Thanks, Aaron.” And I’m like, “You know, it’s Russell, but it’s cool.” Topher DeRosia: Yeah, nice. All right. Well, I saw a post on LinkedIn the other day from you talking about podcasts having the same people on episodes all the time. I thought, “Oh, I gotta have that guy on my podcast.” Because then you can’t go on any other ever again, because then you’ll be that guy. Russell Aaron: Maybe. Topher DeRosia: So, I snooped a little. You live much closer to me than I expected. Have we met? Did we meet at a WordCamp? Russell Aaron: I think we met at WordCamp Ann Arbor one year. Topher DeRosia: Oh, okay. I went to a whole bunch of those. Russell Aaron: Yeah. I think I spoke 2018, something like that. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. I was probably there. Russell Aaron: Yeah. Topher DeRosia: All right. So tell me where you live, what you do, all that kind of stuff. Russell Aaron: I currently reside in Indianapolis, Indiana, and I am just freelancing as of right now. You know, I live in a pretty small town where it’s kind of old school WordPress, if you will. Anyone who is worth their salt keys will remember a day when websites were not responsive or a business has a cousin of a friend of a brother who builds websites and, “Hey, he’s working on it,” and three years later, there’s still no new website. I kind of live in a town where I’m kind of getting back to my grassroots, where I stay up late at night with my insomnia, and I will roll up to a business and I will say, “Your new website can look like this today. If you pay me this much money, I will install it today, and this is your new website.” And it’s got your updated menu, and it’s responsive, and it works on mobile, and we can connect it to AppPresser and make it an app and stuff like that. So I’m kind of reliving the glory days of what I remember WordPress to be. Topher DeRosia: I’m also freelancing right now, sort of by choice, sort of not by choice. Somebody I’m married to would rather I had regular pay and insurance. Russell Aaron: Heard that. Topher DeRosia: Are you in the same boat, or did you do this on purpose? Russell Aaron: I did this on purpose. I was not working for the man, but I was working with some people. I’m over the tiny little granular things that somebody can fire you over. Like they’re watching if your mouse moves or they’re watching if you haven’t logged in. There’s just no more trust, I feel like, in so many cases. And so I know that I can do things better on my own, and I’m going to. Topher DeRosia: I have to admit, I love the freelance life. It is pretty special. Russell Aaron: Right. It’s almost like… what’s that movie? The 40-Year-Old Virgin, where they are making a website and they’re like, “Hey, Spider-Man 3’s on in five minutes. Let’s go watch it.” Like they totally ignore their job and they just go watch this movie now. It’s kind of like that. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Yeah. For me, it’s doing stuff with my wife. She has a day job, but it has kind of chaotic hours and not specific days of the week. And so I work when she does, which sometimes is Saturday and Sunday, and then I just don’t on Tuesday and Thursday. That’s pretty great. Russell Aaron: I’m kind of in the same boat. My wife has a wonderful job, and she is with a great group, and she does global advocacy. I mean, she just deals with people that are happy with the product, and she keeps them happy. She does lots of stuff like that. I’m kind of the same thing, where their company is now starting to get into AI, and they have so many questions, and I’m over here building things with AI and doing things like that. So I’m not exactly consulting, but my ideas are going into their company through my wife. Topher DeRosia: My wife works at a grocery store, and they have a cash machine they use in the back office that runs Linux. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow Topher DeRosia: And the IT guys had to come in and do some work on it, and she saw the screen and she’s like, “Oh, is that Linux?” And I’m like, “Who are you, and what do you know?” Super nerd. So what’s your company name? Do you have one, or is it just WP Pro Support? Russell Aaron: WP Pro Support. Topher DeRosia: WP Pro Support. Okay. Do you concentrate more on support, or do you build more? Russell Aaron: I have been doing support since 2011. I formed my very first support company, and I launched it the same day that Shane Sanderson launched Maintainn. My buddy, who you might know, John Hawkins, I was at the Vegas WordPress Meetup Group, and I had the idea in Vegas WordPress Meetup Group where there’s 70 people sitting right here behind me and they all want help. And I was like, “How do I do this?” So I built my first thing where I gave everybody free-for-life support, and they were my test group, if you will. And they helped me work out my bugs and tickets, and they helped me work out how I actually operate and do stuff like that. Then when I launched it, literally that day, John goes, “Wait, have you seen this?” And we had no idea about each other, but we literally launched them the same day. Fast forward three years down the road, I ended up working for Maintainn when it was owned by WebDevStudios. But everything I’ve done in WordPress has been support, whether I’ve worked for a mortgage company, a casino in Vegas, hosting with Liquid Web, doing stuff with NerdPress or AppPresser. Everything I’ve done is support. That’s really where my passion is because I remember what it’s like being a first timer. I think that there is a huge market potential here of people are always going to be new. I don’t care who you are. There’s always somebody new walking in the door, and there has to be a person who will sit down and say, “Come here, I’ll hold your hand.” And I am that person. I always try to look at WordPress from that lens is if a new person is looking at this today, are they going to be happy? Are they going to be confused? And I go from there. So currently today I’m transitioning away from support as we know it, where you write a ticket and then somebody on the other end is like, “Hey, I fixed your site,” or whatever. And I’m transitioning to a new product that I’m working on. So I’m going to be getting away from traditional support, but I’m still going to be doing things in the support space, if that makes sense. Topher DeRosia: Yeah, that makes sense. When I first got into WordPress, it was 2010, and custom post types were brand new. Russell Aaron: Right? Topher DeRosia: And I was out of my element with WordPress. I did not know what I was doing, but I did know PHP, and no one else knew post types yet. So when it comes to that, I was on an equal footing, and that was my way in. That was my leverage. I made a lot of money in the early days just building custom post types. Russell Aaron: Custom post types and single-posttype.php or whatever. Yeah. Topher DeRosia: So I was a competent PHP guy who didn’t know WordPress. And I feel like we’re in kind of the same transition space right now with AI, where we have tons of competent WordPressers who don’t really know AI yet. I think there’s a great space for that, teaching our friends, teaching everybody we’ve known for 10 years in WordPress. You know what I mean? Russell Aaron: I do. That’s one of the things that I really love about WordPress is that… let’s take the new 7.0 that just came out, I think it re-leveled the playing field. Before this came out, there were people that were ahead of others when it comes to patterns or blocks or the command palette and stuff like that. But now I think with this, we’re back to an even playing field because every… I mean, not exactly. There’s still some people who know AI a lot better than others, but you’re always five minutes ahead of somebody and five minutes behind somebody else. Topher DeRosia: Oh, yeah. Russell Aaron: But I do think that with 7.0, a new level playing field has come out. And now is the time to start learning, or you got to wait until 7.1 comes out where that new level playing field comes out. But that’s what I love about WordPress is that it continues to happen. Like you said, CPTs. I still love CPTs. I think they’re one of my favorite things. I look at all of these features, you know, page builders, another time when the playing field was leveled again. Now you learn page builders and then shortcodes and then this and then that. I think that’s the one gift that WordPress keeps giving is that you might be out of date six months from now, but then 7.1 comes out and you’re caught right back up. Topher DeRosia: Right. Yeah. And while you’re five minutes ahead, you quick do a WordCamp talk. Russell Aaron: Yes. Yeah. Topher DeRosia: For that long, you know more than other people, right? Russell Aaron: At least it’s on video, right? Topher DeRosia: Right. I was an expert for a minute and a half. Russell Aaron: That was my 15 minutes of fame. Topher DeRosia: What is your WordCamp life like these days? When was the last one you went to? Russell Aaron: The last one I went to was in Vegas, 2018. It was at the Plaza Hotel, which I worked at. When John was putting that together, in Vegas we had a wonderful space, and it was called The Innevation Center, and it was at a data facility called Switch. And they donated so much to us, and we are so grateful to them. And then they kind of had a change in their policy where they weren’t doing things, and then they overpriced how much it would cost to hold events and stuff like that. I was working at a hotel, and so we had this giant convention space, if you will. And so because I was able to pull some strings, we got a great, great discount, all food paid for. I mean, all of it. So that was my last WordCamp. The after party was on top of a pool deck, and there was pickleball courts, and there was a pool, and there was an open bar. I mean, it was rad. That was my last one. I have kids now. My kids are seven and eight and so my WordPress travels have slowed. No, I’m sorry. I take it back. WordCamp US last year was my last one, where we went scorched earth. That’s what I call it. I call it WordCamp scorched earth. Topher DeRosia: I was there for that one. I used to go to a lot every year. Go to- Russell Aaron: Five, six? Topher DeRosia: Five and 10. But since COVID, I think maybe just US every year. It’s weird to just go to one. Russell Aaron: It is. And just US, it’s almost like we used to have what I used to call regional events, where I lived in Vegas, I would hit up WordCamp Orange County, then I’d hit up San Diego, then we’d hit up LA, and then we’d make our way up to Portland, and then maybe if San Francisco did one, and then Phoenix. I did all my regional stuff. And then every once in a while I would venture… I mean, I love WordCamp Minneapolis. Love the people up there. Love so much about that event. Used to do that a lot. What’s the one in Ohio that I used to go to? Topher DeRosia: In the teens, there were five in Ohio. And being in Michigan, I used to just cruise down there. Russell Aaron: It’s a three-hour, three-and-a-half-hour drive, huh? Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: About that. Yeah. Topher DeRosia: At the time, I was working for a company that was paying me to go to WordCamps. I had to make the case for each one, but it was a really simple case for all the Ohio ones because I didn’t need a plane ticket. I just drive over there. It’s like five in Ohio. There was Ann Arbor, there was Detroit, there was Grand Rapids, there was Chicago. I mean, there was almost 10 WordCamps within a three-hour drive of me. Russell Aaron: That’s beautiful. Topher DeRosia: It’s just not there anymore. Russell Aaron: I was very fortunate to work for companies like WebDevStudios, where I could tell them, “Hey, I got into WordCamp Minneapolis. I’m going to speak there.” And because I’m speaking there, they would reimburse me X amount of dollars for something, and then they would sponsor the WordCamp, and then they would make a thing out of it. I mean, I was very fortunate in being able to do that. Then I worked with a really great company called NerdPress, and they are a fantastic group of people that do the same thing. And then I ventured out into different straits, and it was very much different. I’ll say that much. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Those are good times. Russell Aaron: It’s almost like… the way that I put it is it’s like we all graduated. We all did our four years of college, we all graduated, and now we went to our temp jobs or we went to our internships. Like the band broke up. Topher DeRosia: Yep. Yeah, it is a lot like that. I have seen generations of WordPressers. There was all the crew before 2010 that were downloading zip files and hacking themes to even get them to run. Then there was after 2010, and custom post types were new and stuff. And then there’s the whole Gutenberg generation that never experienced all that crazy theme stuff. Russell Aaron: I mean, you tell people that child themes were so new that people didn’t even grasp the concept of a child theme, and today it’s so baked in. It’s not even something that people think about. It’s just you install this and the child theme, and it’s a thing. But I remember writing those by hand. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. No kidding. Then to a certain extent, not even having child themes anymore because nothing is stored on the file system. Russell Aaron: I love it. I love it. In my very first WordCamp talk in Vegas 2012, I made a prediction that everything was powered by the theme. Everything used to… I mean, that’s as far as I go back is every template was the same. It was left column, right sidebar, header, and every page, whether you liked it or not, looked like a blog post. And it wasn’t full-width, responsive. I remember a lot of that. And then corporate themes came out, and then cupcake themes came out, then lawn company themes came out, and then the rise of Envato and stuff like that. That’s a good name for a band, The Rise of Envato. Topher DeRosia: I’d go see them. Russell Aaron: But all that stuff comes out. And then you look at it now and it’s like, that seems so far away. I still remember the day that I learned about child themes, and I’ve never forgotten that. And I think, coming back full circle, that’s why I stay in this beginner support space because I’m kind of keeping that nostalgia around, I guess. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. There’s a lot of joy in watching people’s eyes light up when they get it. Russell Aaron: That’s the best part is just telling people what’s possible. When they’re frustrated with something and you go, “Oh, hey, Gravity Forms can do that.” And they’re like, “Wait, what?” And I’m like, “Yeah.” And they can also do… And I just start naming stuff. And I show all 50 extensions that they have and they’re just like, “Wait, what?” And I’m like, “Yeah.” I’m like, “This starts getting radical when you’re into it.” Topher DeRosia: There’s something I miss from old WordPress that I don’t see in modern WordPress. It might not be a thing. And that is dramatic new styling with a theme the instant you install it. My wife is not a computer person and does not care about computers. She loves design stuff. There was a time we used Winamp. Russell Aaron: Wow. Topher DeRosia: And she loved getting skins for Winamp. And she would download 30 in a day and try them all out. And then when I set her up for the blog the first time and showed her the theme repo on .org, this is in 2011, she would literally spend a day just downloading theme after theme after theme. Russell Aaron: Same way. Topher DeRosia: And you just install it and poof, your site looks amazingly different. These days, I mean, you install something like Kadence or GeneratePress or Ollie or any of them, really, and it’s kind of a blank canvas. Russell Aaron: It’s very minimalist. It’s very minimalist. Topher DeRosia: I miss the ability to say, “I feel like making a change today,” and two minutes later, your site looks completely different because you’re using… Russell Aaron: Couldn’t agree more. Couldn’t agree more. I mean, I look back at old pictures from when I would host the meetup group in Vegas, and there’s pictures of me talking, and then on the screen behind me is my old site, and it was this old layout. I bought the theme from Envato because I was just fascinated with it. It was everything that I wanted it to look like. But same thing is now when you change your theme from this one to that one, that dark grunge kind of thing is gone, and now you’ve got this bootstrap-looking thing or whatever. I agree with you. I think that comes from my days of being in MySpace. That’s how I got started with all this. So you could change your MySpace template like that, and I think that’s where it comes from, at least for me. Topher DeRosia: I haven’t even looked into it. Can you make a Gutenberg-based blog theme that has a very striking look and just release it? And then, I don’t know, just release a whole bunch of them like in the old days? Theme shops had 35 themes for sale, and they all looked different because they were all totally different themes. Russell Aaron: I remember there was a day on Envato where it was the same theme, it was just rebranded. So it was like theme name 1.0, and it was called Atlas. And then it’s the same theme but in orange, and now it’s 1.2, and it’s called Dungeon or something. And then we have 1.3 again. Same theme, same framework, but each version was named something different. It made that developer look like they had five different products instead of just one over and over. Now you look at something like a page builder, and it’s like, “We’ve got 500 different templates in one thing.” I can’t do that. I think that’s too much for me. Topher DeRosia: It’s like the days of the CSS Zen Garden. Russell Aaron: Right. Topher DeRosia: HTML is the same, CSS changes. Before I used WordPress, I built my own blog system. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow. Topher DeRosia: It never got super advanced, but I used it for 10 years. One of the things you can do in your HTML is register alternate stylesheets. It’s the same tag, it’s just an alternate word in there. And then in Firefox, at least, you can go under “view Page Style”, and they would all be listed there, and you can just choose different themes. I figured out the JavaScript, even though I didn’t know JavaScript. I figured out the JavaScript to make a little dropdown box in my sidebar so my visitors could say, “Oh, I want to change my theme here.” I never figured out how to do that in WordPress because everything was so tied to style.css. I didn’t know how to make a different one be the main one. But that’s something else I miss in WordPress is the ability to just so dramatically and dynamically change your design because your content is structured so well. Russell Aaron: You know, not only that, but I really liked the websites where there was a demo, and then it gave you a basic username. The username was demo, the password was demo. But then the one thing I never figured out was how every 24 hours the site would just reset. So somebody can go in there and they could do whatever they wanted to do. They could create their own pages. They could create their own blog posts. And for 24 hours, there was a page called Russell’s Awesome. But then after 24 hours, it would just reset. I always thought that was so cool, but I could never figure out how to do that. Topher DeRosia: Oh, yeah. And everybody was editing all at the same time, within that 24-hour period. Russell Aaron: I have since restructured my website. I use the block theme from WebDevStudios. I kind of feel like that’s where I got my education from. I was somebody who kind of dabbled around in WordPress, and then when I went to go work with them for three years, they had a set of standards that I couldn’t even fathom to begin with. But then as we built things and I saw how their machine works, how their business revolves, I was like, “You know, for me, this is the way that I like to do things, is the way that they like to do things.” And so my new website… I mean, not new website, but it’s my new theme, I actually had AI build it for me. I had Claude. I was using… It’s by ThemeIsle. Neve. I was using Neve, one of my favorite themes. Love them. So I was using that, and then my site was kind of all over the place. It was an “I’ll teach you how to do this”. That’s kind of the main focus of my site is I will jump on a call with you, and whatever questions you have, I’ll sit here for five hours with you if you want. I will teach you and until you get it. But then I also had this section about band names that were just… earlier when we were talking about the rise of Envato, you know, like I would have a section on my blog where you could create a new band name and then I had all these random blog posts. And so my website was kind of like this potluck, if you will, just like this random stuff. And I was like, you know, I want to be doing something else. I think my website needs to change. And I have those old blog posts still, but they’re hidden. So now with my new theme, I had AI look at my old site and say, this is what I think we should do. I picked out some colors and over like five days, I had it build me five different HTML pages, like completely different, you know? And then I started giving AI and I said like, “Okay, I want to look like this.” And then I was like, well, okay, I like this and I like this, but I also like this from this other site.” So I started feeding it information and like when the HTML came out, I had 12 different templates. I had my blog posts, I had my archive, but I had everything built in HTML. And the cool thing about the WDS block theme is that it serves everything as an HTML page. So I literally just took AI and said, “Take these HTML pages, bake them into how this theme does it,” and bam, my site came up. I had it done in maybe two days. Topher DeRosia: Wow. Russell Aaron: And then after that, I had it take all of those HTML pages and create me patterns. So now I can go in, and when I go into my full site editor, I can go to patterns, I have all my homepage patterns, my blog patterns, I sliced everything up, and they’re all WordPress native blocks. So I can literally go in and change the coloring on any page I want instead of having to edit the HTML or anything. And now that I have that, I feel this sense of freedom where I’m not worrying about an update coming tomorrow, if my update is gonna break or I don’t have to read a changelog that is not specific anymore. I can’t stress how much I love not having to read changelogs or the lack of changelogs. I mean, I’m fully happy with how things have come out. And over time, I’m gonna keep fine-tuning it, but I’m pretty much where I’m at right now. With all of this new technology that’s come out, I’ve really kind of found my love again for WordPress. I was kind of in a slump where I just wasn’t really doing anything. Now I take my son and we’ll drive down to Louisville, Kentucky. He rides BMX. So while he’s racing, I will literally have Claude Code open on my computer and I will log into the Claude app on my phone and I can keep sitting there having the same conversation. So this new thing that I’m building, I can still do it while I’m sitting there watching him race or while I’m doing something else. I was just like, this is fantastic. And then my wife will drive home and I’ll just sit there and I talk into my phone, I literally put the microphone on and I’ll be like, “You know, I don’t like that. And here’s my thoughts about this.” And you know, my phone dictates all of that and then I send it to my computer through the app and it just keeps spinning things up. Then by the time I get home, I have a new version that I can demo or I have a new version that I can test. I mean, I am just so fascinated by it. Topher DeRosia: That’s cool. Were we at WebDev at the same time? Russel Aaron: I don’t think so. Topher DeRosia: I was there just over three years ago. Russel Aaron: I was there 2015 through 2018. Topher DeRosia: Oh, yeah. I came much later. I was only there for like two months. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow. Sometimes that’s the way it goes. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. They were gonna get a big contract that hired a bunch of people and two months later didn’t get the contract and let us all go. Russell Aaron: As much as I hate that, that also taught me that the people that do great work or the people that show up every day and are putting in more than they’re getting out, those are usually the people that stay in companies like that. That really changed my work ethic. I used to be somebody who wanted to be not lazy, but I didn’t wanna be pressed for time or having to go, go, go and having to be on all the time. Now, I’m the opposite. Now, I’m like, now that I’ve done that, I kind of earn for that stretch for a little bit. I mean, you were just saying that how you’ve transitioned to where you are. I was watching a Barstool Sports interview with a guy who runs a pizza shop in… it’s either New Jersey or New York. The guy’s only open Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. And he’s only open nine to six or something like that. And he built that business… well, it’s been in his family for like 60 years or something. He has one of the last original pizza ovens ever. But anyways, the point is, is that he lives at the pizza place, that’s where his entire life is, but he built the business around his life. I’m doing the same thing where if I wanna literally go jump on my bike right now and go for a two-mile ride, I’m gonna go do that. And I don’t have to feel like, hey, you’re not logged in and we’re not tracking your mouse. Like what’s happening? How come you’re not on Slack? You know what I mean? I’m not tied down to that. And I can’t stress that enough of like, that is where I wanna be. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Yeah, it is a good life. We are at about the time to wrap it up. Okay. So I’m gonna do that. Where do you hang out online? Russel Aaron: Where do I hang out online? Topher DeRosia: Are you in any common WordPress Slacks? Russel Aaron: I’m on the main WordPress Slack sometimes. I tend to watch more than I do involve anymore. A long time ago, I used to be very vocal and I used to be not afraid to walk in to a room guns blazing. With the big cultural shift that happened in WordPress, I tend to just sit back now and be more self-reserved. So I post on my website, russellenvy.com. I’m on LinkedIn. I’ve been utilizing Reddit a lot too. I think for me, Reddit is a place where I kind of disagree with the fact that you can hide behind a pseudonym, but I do like the brutal honesty that people will have because they are hiding behind something and they will say, dude, this flat out sucks. Or they’ll be like, Hey, this is great, but it would be cool if, or somebody can be like, “Hey, that already exists. You’re not doing anything new.” I do like that. Because it kind of not puts me in my place, but it shows me either how connected or disconnected I am to what I think I’m doing. And so Reddit is a very great place. I mean, everything is russellenvy.com except for Twitter or X, whatever you want to call it. Topher DeRosia: All right, cool. Russel Aaron: Where do you hang out at? Topher DeRosia: I am in probably 40 slacks, but the vast majority of them, I don’t look at. I’m there so that someone can ping me. I’m in a couple of slacks in India. Okay. I’m in the WordPress Italian community Slack. Russel Aaron: That’s interesting. Topher DeRosia: Post status make, of course there’s a hero press Slack. I have my own company Slack, my local meetup has a Slack. There’s just a lot of them. I wouldn’t say I’m super active on any of them. I just occasionally interact with somebody. I use my own company Slack to invite my clients in when we talk there. Russel Aaron: Right. Do you find yourself reading things more than, you know… from the outsider looking in, I post a lot and it looks like I post a lot… I mean, especially on LinkedIn, but I’m always consuming more than I’m posting. Do you find yourself doing that? Like where you’re… maybe not keeping up with the trades anymore, but like, you know… I used to read maybe 1,500 blog posts a week and then… what was that service where you could like save…? I used to have a service where you could save articles and then that way, late at night, I would just read, you know, maybe 10 or 15 of them a night. But now I look at things like Reddit where I see… I just look at somebody who’s going on there and asking for help. Again, it’s a standard WordPress person that, hey, I’m new to this, I don’t know how, and I’m looking at it and I’m just like, how can we make that better? That’s kind of where I’m at these days. Topher DeRosia: I don’t read a whole lot in Slack. It really is for my convenience. I’m pretty active with my RSS reader. I follow a lot of stuff. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow. Topher DeRosia: Because I don’t wanna go chase it all down all over the internet. So, you know, there’s that. I’m on LinkedIn a fair amount, Facebook a little bit. I’m on Mastodon and Blue Sky mostly just to post stuff. It’s funny, I have more followers… No, let me say it this way. Mastodon, I have the fewest followers, but the most engagement from those followers. Russell Aaron: Isn’t that interesting? Topher DeRosia: Yeah, I’ll post something and I’ll get some favorites or reposts or whatever. Blue Sky, I get almost nothing at all, despite the fact that I have like a thousand followers there. Russell Aaron: But Blue Sky is a community that is fast-moving. I almost compare it to anything Meta has, which is you can post today right now and in three minutes you’re 785 posts down. That’s what I really love about Reddit is that I posted something about this AI team that I’m building that I give away for free on GitHub, and so for like five days, I was the number two post on that subreddit. And the volume that I saw from that. I mean, Reddit really loves human writing. If you go in there, you post something that somewhat seemingly might suggest that you had AI do anything with it, they will just downvote it. But if you write original and you write from the heart and stuff, like your stuff skyrockets there. I’ve learned a lot from Reddit because of that. Topher DeRosia: That’s really cool. Russell Aaron: It’s interesting. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. All right, well, thanks for chatting with me. Russell Aaron: Thank you for the time. Topher DeRosia: And now you can’t be on anybody else’s podcast. Russell Aaron: I’m actually starting my own, sir. Topher DeRosia: Are you? All right. Russell Aaron: I have, like you said, the reason why we started this is because you saw something from me that says, “I’m tired of the indie circuit,” if you will. I put out a LinkedIn post, I don’t know, maybe a month ago at this point and I asked people if they wanted to be on a show. So I have WP Roundtable. I got that from Kyle Mahler, a person who I love in WordPress more than I can express. One of the best people on the planet, I feel like. I was thinking about starting that up again, because we don’t have WP Watercooler anymore. We don’t have anything like that. That’s kind of where I got my start from. But again, I also identify that that’s kind of the problem is that every Monday or Friday I was on a show and I was one of the people that you would see constantly. And so I was sitting there thinking and I was like, what doesn’t the space have? What kind of show do I wanna watch? Because I don’t watch shows when they come out, do you? Topher DeRosia: No. Russell Aaron: I always watch them maybe four weeks down the road at like 2:30 in the morning when I have nothing going on. And by that point, the information is almost stale. I mean, the way that anything works these days. And there’s a few that I might watch maybe within 48 hours of coming out, but at this point, there is something… a new idea that myself and… the guy’s actually an automatician. And so it’s actually kind of interesting because we don’t wanna say anything that would put him in a position to where he’s saying something bad about the company he works for, but I’m also the person where I get to say something to the person who works at Automattic to maybe incite some change. So we are working on something like that, but it’s not going to be an interview show. It is not going to be something where you tune it out or you put it on a 2.5 playback speed just to get through it. You know what I mean? And that’s really what the emphasis of my post was about is that so many of the interviews go that way. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Are you familiar with wppodcasts.com? Russell Aaron: Yes. Topher DeRosia: Okay, good. So when you get it started up, submit it there. Russell Aaron: That’s a place. I’m very fascinated by Gary Vaynerchuk. Are you familiar with Gary V? Topher DeRosia: No. Russell Aaron: I watch something Gary V every day. That guy makes me feel like I’m lazy every single day, but he is also one of the people that says like, “Hey, you’re 40, you’re still just a baby.” A lot of people feel like I should be two kids, a house, marriage, this, that, and because I’m not, I’m behind the ball. And he’s one person that’s like, “Listen, you’re still a kid.” And he’s like, “You’re 40, I’m 40, and you have 10 years until you’re 50.” And even then you’re still so young to where you can generate something again and from 50 to 60, you can now do. That kind of mentality really moved me around. Why I bring that up is, I’m trying not to post on the same places that everybody else is. I wanna find that new venture. Substack is a great one. And they also have a way to release podcast episodes through them. So they can actually be your entire engine. So like you don’t have to host them on different places and stuff like that. So I’m looking for different plays like that. Topher DeRosia: All right, cool. Well, I look forward to hearing about it when it comes out. I’m sure you’ll post on LinkedIn. Russell Aaron: Yes, yeah. Topher DeRosia: All right. All right then, well, I will maybe find you on Slack or Reddit or someplace. Russell Aaron: Slack, Reddit, LinkedIn. Either way, please keep in touch. First of all, it’s great to see somebody familiar in the space. It’s great. I mean, just talking about the old days, I could sit here and do it forever. Topher DeRosia: All right, I’ll see ya. Russell Aaron: Have a good one. Topher DeRosia: All right, so that was the end of the podcast. If you could send me a headshot. And yep, that’s the one. Cool. And any links you want in the liner notes. Russell Aaron: Cool. Topher DeRosia: And two or three sentences about you and what you do and whatnot. Russell Aaron: Cool. I noticed that you… are you trying to revive Hallway Chats? Or is it something that when you just find something interesting, you’re like, hey, I’ll go do that. Topher DeRosia: That’s it right there. Russell Aaron: Okay. Sure, sure. Topher DeRosia: There was a time when it was a weekly podcast and now it’s a whenever I feel like it podcast. Russell Aaron: I love it. I think that’s the biggest reason why I’m trying to do something different is I really dislike watching a podcast. The first thing they do is they come on and they go, “Hey, welcome to WP whatever. Hey, sorry we didn’t post this week. I was bit…” If you are gonna say you’re gonna post every Wednesday at one, that’s on you. But I do not like when things start off with an apology. Like just get to it. Because I’m not watching it Wednesday at one. I mean, unless you’re Joe Rogan, or unless you are somebody who has a huge following that people will watch you live because it’s important. Otherwise, it’s just consumable stuff, you know? Topher DeRosia: Yeah. For years, I posted it Heropress weekly on Wednesday without fail. I would ignore my family to go get it done. Then I was talking to Morton Rand Hendrickson. You know him? Russell Aaron: Uh-huh. Topher DeRosia: Yeah, he’s a huge fan of Heropress. And I said to him, “Do you read every week?” He’s like, “Oh no, not at all.” He’s like, “Oh, I thought you really liked it.” And he said, “Oh, I love it. But I don’t have time to read every week.” Every few months I’ll get depressed about the WordPress community and I’ll go read 10 essays. And then one time I was at WordCamp Ann Arbor, probably the same one you were at and Josepha came to me and said that… she was kind of a sounding board for employees that come to her and said, “Listen, I’ve been working support all day and people suck and I’m depressed and I hate life.” And she would just listen for a while and then at the end they would say, “Okay, I’m gonna go read a bunch of Heropress and I’ll feel better.” And it really changed my perspective of what I was making. I wasn’t making a weekly publication. I was making an archive, a collection to be used as a tool, a library. Russell Aaron: I’m gonna say this poorly, but it’s almost like you are creating a support help hotline where it’s like, if you’re on the verge of blowing up your website, please call this number. We’ll talk you down from it. It’s almost like you’re building that. Topher DeRosia: That’s funny. Russell Aaron: That’s interesting. And then now you’re just selective about it or you’re so far- Topher DeRosia: I’m less aggressive about finding essayists and less insistent that they get it to me by a certain time. Like I would find somebody and say, listen, I need it by Sunday on this date. And they were like, “Okay.” And that worked for a while. Russell Aaron: Oh, before, before. Okay. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. But now I’ll find somebody… No, I don’t go looking as often. Russell Aaron: You’ll maybe find something that somebody wrote and you’ll be like, “Hey, are you interested in doing this?” Topher DeRosia: Yes. And I don’t find people as often. I used to find my people on Twitter and I’m not on there anymore. Russell Aaron: Like by personal choice? Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: Okay. Topher DeRosia: I just left Twitter. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow. You feel like your life improved? Topher DeRosia: Yes and no. Russell Aaron: Okay. Topher DeRosia: I feel the loss of what Twitter was. And it’s not there anymore. It’s just gone. Russell Aaron: Especially around WordCamp and stuff like that. That used to have to be the place that you’d be on, you know? Topher DeRosia: The Twitter I loved doesn’t exist anymore. And so, yeah, I feel that loss. Russell Aaron: I need a t-shirt that says that. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Wow. I’m in the process of making a printable store. Printable? Printful. Printful store. Russell Aaron: Cool. Topher DeRosia: With Woo, to make a video with. I need to make a bunch of products. Maybe I’ll make one of those. Russell Aaron: It’s interesting. Wow. You just flat-out left X. Do you feel like with Heropress, it was… and again, this is why I made that post, is that people almost see it like they can make the rounds. And it’s like, well, I haven’t gone there yet. And so they’re gonna submit something to you because they’re gonna get some press out of it. And it’s not so much what’s best for your brand or it’s not best for your website. They just see it as, well, I’m gonna get some exposure there. Do you feel like it used to be that? Topher DeRosia: No. I’ve gotten maybe two or three submissions ever like that. And a couple of them, I was able to say, “No, that’s not what we’re about. It’s this other thing, what Heropress is actually about.” And they’re like, “Oh, well, okay, that’d be great.” And they do that. And maybe one or two people have said, “I built this great company and everyone should come use my company.” Like, no, not so much. Russell Aaron: Interesting. Topher DeRosia: And that’s the end of it. Russell Aaron: I remember back in, I wanna say like 2013, people used to call each other out and be like, why are you giving the same speech at WordCamp Miami, WordCamp Minneapolis, WordCamp San Diego. And that’s kind of where I was at with that same LinkedIn post. It’s like, I really, really enjoy watching Matt Cromwell’s show, but the guy that he just had on also was on Jonathan Denwood and was also on this one. It was also on, I was like, I’ve already seen this. Maybe I get three more percent information that wasn’t in that last, or because Matt knows a little bit more about personal stuff in WordPress or building a business, he might have some more insight there, but it’s like, I’ve already heard this and I’m kind of already over it. And that’s kind of where I was at is you don’t have to just say, I’m gonna do this one and that’s it. But it’s almost like, you’re making yourself not… what’s the word. Not credible because you’re going around and saying the same thing and it’s just, you’re not doing anything different than a blog post could have done. Topher DeRosia: You know what I mean? I don’t feel too bad about repeating WordCamp talks because, especially at small camps, because a lot of people are just gonna go to their local camp and never go to another one. And unless they cruise.tv, they’re not gonna see it. I struggle a little bit with podcasts because I’ve been asked a lot over the last 10 years to come on a podcast and talk about the story of WordPress. And it’s the same story every time, you know? And so, I’ll try to mix it up a little bit, give different information that I’ve never given before, that sort of thing. But it is something I think about and struggle with a little bit. Russell Aaron: What do you struggle with about it? Topher DeRosia: I don’t wanna just say the same thing over and over again. You know, I don’t want people to go, oh, Topher’s on another podcast episode. Oh, I’ve heard this story. I don’t need to be on this episode. Fortunately, it’s been around long enough that I can give a brief synopsis of the beginning and talk about stuff that’s happened in the last couple of years. Russell Aaron: Right. Topher DeRosia: Which is gonna be really different from the podcast episode I was on in 2020. Russell Aaron: You know? Right. Topher DeRosia: It’s an interesting dilemma when you have one story to tell and everybody wants you to tell it. How do you deal with that? Russell Aaron: Well, I’ve noticed that too. It is like, you know, I’ll watch [Insert Famous Name Here], and they have a podcast, and they’re interviewing, again, [Insert Famous Name Here], and that person was also just on That Famous Name and That Famous Name. I actually saw somebody, it’s like almost a year ago, and they were just like, “Do you want me just to say this so your show has this speech in it or are you genuinely asking me?” Because, you know, like you want this story so you can post it on your social media. But I’ve already given that story 15 different times because they wanted it for their own, you know? And it’s almost going that way where I kind of respect it in a way because you don’t want to post other people’s content. But I also feel like I’m tired of saying the same shit over and over again. It’s interesting, man. Topher DeRosia: Yeah, that’s a dilemma. Russell Aaron: So you’re just like kicking back and… are you building something for you that you think is gonna scale or are you trying to get away from WordPress? That’s kind of where I’m at right now. Topher DeRosia: Yes and no. I have always wanted to… I’ve always been better with people than code. I’m a life coach. Russell Aaron: Yeah. I did not know that about you. Topher DeRosia: I love talking to the client more than coding. I love helping people learn things. And so those skills could be anywhere in WordPress, but also could be anywhere outside of WordPress. So I’m looking for those jobs and they are not out there. Russell Aaron: Right. Topher DeRosia: So here we are. Russell Aaron: I’m to the point now where my son, he’s eight, but he races BMX, like actual bikes and stuff. And so there’s a college here in Indianapolis and it’s one of the best cycling schools in the country. And there’s like five Olympians that practice every Tuesday and Thursday and they’re right in our back door. These are people that have a great social following, but they don’t post very well. They have a brand name, but they don’t have a website. So I’m noticing that every new space that I go into, it’s kind of like I get to jump back into WordPress again, where it’s like, hey, I just built a website for this BMX track in Louisville, Kentucky. It’s one of the best tracks in the country by everybody that has ever raced in a sport, they all vote that it’s one of the best, but they don’t have a website period. I just went through this where they have a guy, he’s their treasurer and he’s like, “Well, I’m an AI software guy.” And I’m like, “Well, how come you don’t have a website?” And he’s like, “Well…” And I’m like, “Listen, I submitted a new version of a we… literally, I uploaded it to my Russell website or to my Russell Envy site and I just put it in a sub-folder and I was like, “Your website could look like this today.” I was like, “For free. I don’t want anything from you. No free anything.” I was like, “I want to donate this to you because I want to grow the sport.” And the guy’s like, “I wanted to build it and React.” And I’m like, “Well, why didn’t you?” And the guy’s like, “Uh.” And I’m like, “I have free hosting for life from WPEngine.” And I was like, “I won’t charge you guys ever. I will host a site. I have free with AppPresser. I’ll build you guys an app where you guys can send push notifications.” And the guy’s like, “Well, I want to have a lot of control and say over it.” And I was just like, “All right, you know what?” And then I built my own. Now I own a domain all about their BMX track and now they’re calling me going, “We should have went with you.” I’m to the point now where I’m nice. And then it’s just like, “Dude, I’m 10,000 miles over you and I’m going to go this way.” Liquid Web did that to me. Liquid Web brought me in and they were like, “We’re going to…” I was supposed to be the OG stellar WP. They brought me in, I was hiring all my friends and I was bringing in people and we were building something. And then they called me and they were like, “Well, you can either be a level two support person or you could just not work here.” And I was like, “Well, I don’t work here anymore.” And they were like, “Well, wait, hang on.” And I literally hit “click” and I have never logged on since. Topher DeRosia: That’s funny. Russell Aaron: I’m in that same boat where, you know, I don’t have to work for you. You know what I mean? Like, fuck, I’m 40. I should be doing something on my own anyway. I kind of wish I had… what was WP 101? Sean did that for all those years. I wish I would have done that. Or every week, I should have had some YouTube about talking about something and maybe I could have monetized that, but I’m not behind the ball. I let the ball slip is what I feel like. Topher DeRosia: It’s not too late to start. I picked that up when Sean, quit and I’ve got a YouTube channel with a bunch of stuff on it. I published one today. Russell Aaron: Oh wow. It’s just interesting things that you think about, or is it like educational, like tutorials? Topher DeRosia: It’s educational tutorials, but stuff that I find interesting. Like today I made a desktop wallpaper for WordCamp Europe. Russell Aaron: Nice. Topher DeRosia: And I did it by going to their webpage in my browser and using the console to hack the HTML and CSS until it looked like a screen, a wallpaper. Russell Aaron: That’s fucking cool. Topher DeRosia: So I published it right before I’d started talking to you, like minutes before that. And it has three views. Russell Aaron: Woohoo. Topher DeRosia: But a couple of weeks ago I did one called fun and games in the terminal. And it’s how to play Tetris in the terminal and how to make a choo-choo train go across your screen when you type LS wrong. And it has 784 views right now. Russell Aaron: That’s awesome. Topher DeRosia: I did one on how to brighten a photo. I did a series. I’m working on a series called Topher learns how, or I talk to people who know how to do things that I really should know how to do, but don’t. I talked to Scott Kingsley Clark about pods, which has been around forever, but I’ve never used. I talked to Donata about Termageddon, because I know it’s important, but I have stayed away because I don’t understand and it’s scary. Russell Aaron: Termageddon. I’ve never heard that. Topher DeRosia: Oh. You know the little cookie consent things, privacy policies and whatnot? Russell Aaron: Yeah. Topher DeRosia: So when you sign up with term again, you pay a surprisingly low monthly fee and they have a human get on the phone with you and talk through your requirements of where you live, your legal stuff. Like, are you in Europe? Are you in California? Where are you? Where are your customers, your viewers? Then you drop in a short code for your privacy code and for the cookies and they keep them up to date based on how the laws change. So you don’t have to pay attention to, Oh, did California make some crazy new law about cookies? What do I need to do to update my site? It’s really, really great. So I did an interview with her. Russell Aaron: $12 a month or $119 a year. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: What is the point of having a privacy policy if you don’t pay extra for limiting your liability? Wow. That’s amazing. Topher DeRosia: It is. Russell Aaron: That’s someone just thinking outside the box. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. I have a couple of videos where I was given an account at a hosting company that I’ve never used and videoed logging in for the first time and getting to a website. Russell Aaron: Oh, wow. Just from first login to setting everything up to now you have something production. Wow. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Specifically not reading the docs. Russell Aaron: Oh, just trying to brute force your way through it. Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: That’s smart, dude. Topher DeRosia: It’s partly about… well, they may have wonderful docs. It may be super easy to do if you read all the docs. I don’t want to read the docs. Russell Aaron: Me neither. Topher DeRosia: Clickety clickety click, I have a website. So I did GreenGeeks. I did honesthosting.io. I did X cloud. So that’s the kind of stuff I’m doing. Russell Aaron: That’s interesting. That is something that, that Gary V talks about a lot is that it used to have to be where you are this WordPress brand and you do just this and all your videos could only be about that. Anytime you stepped outside the box, people were like, “Why am I watching this?” And today now we’re to finally to where my website would probably actually thrive is it’s so random. It’s just something out of my head and one thing can skyrocket and it’s like hitting the jackpot, you know? That’s interesting. Topher DeRosia: Another thing I did is I made a site called topher.how and because I realized I had never really made stuff in my own channel. I’ve been blogging for decades, making videos, WinningWP. I have over a hundred videos on WinningWP. Russell Aaron: WinningWP? Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: Did you start that when Charlie Sheen started doing Winning? Topher DeRosia: No, no, no, no. But I was thinking, boy, I’d love to have all this stuff on my own website, but I don’t want to go find it all and copy paste posts. And then I realized nearly every place I’ve ever made content has RSS for their authors. Russell Aaron: Yeah. Topher DeRosia: And so I found the sites, found my author RSS feed and started piping them into WP all import. And now topher.how has all my content from the last 15 years on a dozen different sites, doesn’t more than a dozen different sites, all my videos, all my posts, everything on wordpress.tv, all that stuff. So it’s kind of a portfolio. Yeah, so you can go to topher.how and see all my stuff. Russell Aaron: That was actually one thing that I was really proud of was that my entire WordPress journey is documented on somebody else’s project. So, like you go to WPwatercooler and my resume, what is great about it is that it is not me who can edit those videos, it is not me who can master them. Those words are there. Those words are me. You want to know my qualifications in WordPress, there’s all my shit. For me, I was like, “That’s actually pretty sick. You know what I mean?” Topher DeRosia: Yeah. Russell Aaron: Wow. Topher.how. Oh, dude, do you know who Jeffrey Zinn is? Topher DeRosia: No. Russell Aaron: Oh God. Him and Brandon Dove they have Pixel Jar. Have you ever heard of Pixel Jar? Topher DeRosia: Maybe. Russell Aaron: They’re big West coasters. I’ll tell you that much. He just wrote me, “He literally just said, dude, how do you find the time to write so much on LinkedIn? I enjoy all your stuff, but mostly I’m blown away by the volume.” Topher DeRosia: Nice. Russell Aaron: I’m going to write him back and just tell him the truth. But you know, it’s all thought man. Interesting. Topher, I’ve had a lot of fun. Am I taking up your time? Topher DeRosia: I should get back to work. Russell Aaron: All right, sir. Have a good one. Topher DeRosia: All right. I’ll see ya. Russell Aaron: Bye. Topher DeRosia: Bye.

The president is racking up Ls. A potential Albany data center faces road blocks. AI likely to affect women the worst. Allegations of ritual abuse in the West Bank. And the Netherlands blocks the US acquisition of its national cloud service.   https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/gush-etzion-council-admits-ritualistic-child-abuse-1799642    https://responsiblestatecraft.org/israel-us-military/    https://www.brookings.edu/articles/measuring-us-workers-capacity-to-adapt-to-ai-driven-job-displacement/   https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelletravis/2025/08/26/women-who-use-ai-at-work-face-a-predictable-competence-penalty/   https://19thnews.org/2026/05/women-administrative-assistants-ai/   https://www.techspot.com/news/112552-netherlands-blocked-us-company-buying-app-dutch-citizens.html   https://www.pcgamer.com/gaming-industry/traffic-to-duckduckgos-proudly-no-ai-search-page-has-tripled-since-latest-google-ai-search-update/   https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/plans-kenwood-data-center-development-face-steep-22276890.php   https://apnews.com/article/trump-kennedy-center-renovations-closure-fe5ff0982cf44bd71b84dc475f839cbd   https://www.politico.com/news/2026/05/29/trump-weaponization-fund-blocked-00942265   https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/30/arts/music/trump-freedom-250-concert-cancellations.html   https://www.commondreams.org/news/kevin-hassett-us-consumers   https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2026/05/29/ufc-fight-soldiers-white-house/90318502007/   https://www.timesunion.com/movies/article/we-tv-age-inappropriate-vic-christopher-caroline-22282877.php

AOC dons hijab to cosplay as a Third Worldist fellow-traveller; Graham Platner and James Talarico cosplay as a blue collar Trump voter and a Bible-thumping Trump voter… and are headed for big Ls; and the Pope signs into chat on AI. Ep. 2433 - - - Click here to join the member-exclusive portion of my show: https://dwplus.watch/BenShapiroMemberExclusive - - - Today's Sponsors: Supersure - Find out if your business is overinsured, underinsured, or somewhere in between. Go to https://Supersure.com/shapiro and get a full report on your current policies, with no obligation. NetSuite - Download the free e-book “Navigating Global Trade: 3 Insights for Leaders” at https://NetSuite.com/SHAPIRO Balance of Nature - Go to BalanceofNature.com today and get 10% OFF the Whole Health System™ supplements when you use Discount Code: SHAPIRO Shopify - Sign up for your $1-per-month trial and start selling today at https://Shopify.com/shapiro - - - DailyWire+: Become a Daily Wire Member and watch all of our content ad-free: https://www.dailywire.com/subscribe

This episode of "Management Unfiltered" with Zach Shelley and Kirk Teachout focuses on strategies for reducing overhead costs in dental practices without compromising quality. They discuss the importance of understanding financial metrics, such as P&Ls and cash flow, and emphasize the need for systems to manage expenses effectively. The conversation highlights the significance of tracking material costs, setting budgets, and using buying groups to achieve savings. They also explore the pitfalls of cutting corners, such as underpaying staff or using subpar materials, and stress the value of investing in quality and team culture for long-term success.