Podcasts about Armenian

Episode 161 - Robert Noghli is a drummer who began his musical career in Iran before the Islamic Revolution. Under the tutorage of an Armenian drummer, he worked on his craft and began playing with some of the giants of Persian pop music like Ebi, Googoosh, and Dariush. After moving to the United States, he worked with various Assyrian singers like Linda George, Walter Aziz, Shamiram Urshan, and Ogen Betsamo to record some of their most legendary albums in the 1980's, as he continued to perform and record for various Persian singers as well. In this episode we discuss how he came to play the drums, how his knowledge of Assyrian music has helped shape him into the musician he is today, and what he thinks of the current state of Assyrian music. This episode is sponsored by The Oushana Partners-- a husband and wife real estate team. Are you considering purchasing or selling a home in Arizona or California? John and Reata are available to help make your next real estate decision into a seamless transaction. Contact the Oushana's at 209-968-9519. Get to know them a bit more by checking out their website TheOushanaPartners.com ANB SAT Documentary: https://youtu.be/ASDwHGbsaHw 

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 30 November 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 30 Նոյեմբեր յայտագրէն:

  In EVN Report's news roundup for the week of November 26: The leaders of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia meet in Sochi; parliamentary opposition faction Armenia Alliance calls emergency parliamentary hearing on the issue of demarcation and delimitation; Azerbaijani forces open fire at Armenian positions in Gegharkunik region, leaving one Armenian soldier dead.   UPDATED: The trilateral meeting between leaders of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia in Sochi, which lasted almost three hours, was followed by a press briefing. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that a wide range of issues were discussed. It was agreed to implement demarcation and delimitation mechanisms by the end of the year; the sides also made progress on mitigating humanitarian issues. The opening of regional communication routes was discussed in detail. A commission on bilateral demarcation with the participation of Russia will be formed. The sides agreed to take steps to increase stability and security on the Armenian-Azerbaijan border. The deputy prime ministers of the three countries will meet in Moscow next week to finalize today's discussion and announce the results.

Interview with bilingual, Armenian & English, writer and educator Shmavon Azatyan. - Հարցազրոյց, երկլեզու հայերէն և անգլերէն, գրող և դաստիարակ Շմաւոն  Ազատեանի հետ:

Haig's Kabob House presents HYE JAMS RADIO with Paisan Kapitan and Kristina as they broadcast from CHUMMY STUDIOS in Los Angeles, California.  Tonight, the ArmoTalian Host and his Armenian beauty will be carving the holiday bird and enjoying a lot of holiday cheer with all of your favorite Armenian Pop Music. Tune in and get in the holiday spirit with a show that will be the hit at every Armenian dinner table. Ain't nuttin' but a party every week on Hye Jams Radio!

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 23 November 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 23 Նոյեմբեր յայտագրէն: 

This week we're back in Armenia focusing more deeply on the origins and proliferation of Armenia's autochthonous grape varieties. Indigenous and autochthonous seem to be used interchangeably, but as we've learned, in the scientific community, autochthonous is the preferred term for grape varieties that were born, so to speak, in a certain place.  So, get ready for a very heady interview as we delve deep into vinifera DNA, domestication centers, and algorithmic predictions of grapevine distribution …The Wine Thieves welcome guest Kristina Margaryan, head of the research group of plant genomics at the institute of molecular biology and the national academy of science specializing in grapevine genetics and genomics. In 2018 she helped to establish the first Armenian grapevine database. Also joining the discussion is Varuzhan Mouradian, founder of Van Ardi, one of the first boutique wineries established as part of the modern Armenian wine renaissance. To prep you for the discussion, John and Sara learn the definitions of morphology, phenotypes, somatic mutations, chimera, germplasm and clarify the distinction between a grape synonym and homonym. You'll discover what just may be the world's oldest grape variety and the possibility of long-lost relatives across Europe as our guests explore archeo-botanical evidence and newfound genetic research. Looking to the past to innovate in the future, they consider the possiblity that ancient, wild grape varieties may hold the key to disease resistant and climate-hardy farming. Don't miss out on this thought-provoking  conversation!

The exile's return to the motherland is the theme around which Lory Bedikian's poem “On the Way to Oshagan” circles. She, a proud Armenian, stops by a roadside stall on a trip to her home country; and is immediately understood as an Amerigatzi, even though she's speaking Armenian, not English. The poem could end with this awkward exchange, but instead pushes through, and a connection occurs between the returned-departed and the never-departed: there's a gift, an invitation, and a bridge across exile.Lory Bedikian received her BA from UCLA with an emphasis in Creative Writing and Poetry. She earned her MFA in Poetry from the University of Oregon, where she received the Dan Kimble First Year Teaching Award for Poetry. Bedikian's The Book of Lamenting won the 2010 Philip Levine Prize in Poetry. She currently teaches poetry workshops in Los Angeles.Find the transcript for this show at onbeing.org.

Dr. K is joined by world-renowned psycholinguist and international authority on bilingualism, François Grosjean, as they debunk some of the most prevalent myths about bilingualism. How can we nurture a happy bilingualism? What are the best family strategies and educational models? What are the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism? Dr. Grosjean is the author of Bilingual: Life and Reality (Harvard University Press, 2010), among other books, and the very popular Psychology Today blog, “Life as a Bilingual.” For more, visit armenian.usc.edu.

The war in the south Caucasus a year ago was part of a conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region that goes back over a century between what are now the republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan. What are sources of the conflict, its implications, and the choices it poses for the U.S. government?

On Tuesday Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a Russia-brokered ceasefire at their border following the deadliest clashes since the war that took place last year in Nagorno-Karabakh, or Arstakh. Armenia's foreign ministry said this attack is part of a broader Azerbaijani policy that began in May aimed at infiltrating key Armenian areas in the east and southeast. It's been reported that a key issue here is that Azerbaijan's President Aliyev wants to set up a corridor running through Armenian territory that would link Azerbaijan to Turkey, a move supported by Turkey's President Erdogan. In the meantime, members of Congress have condemned Azerbaijan's latest aggression, and the US Senate is considering three key amendments to the NDAA that would hold Azerbaijan and Turkey accountable. Aram Hamparian, the Armenian National Committee of America's Executive Director, joins The Greek Current to discuss the latest developments at the Armenia-Azerbaijan border, the response from the US, and the key bills that the Senate is considering. You can read the articles we discuss on our podcast here:Why Turkey and Azerbaijan Won't Get a Corridor Across ArmeniaMenendez Introduces Amendment to Revoke U.S. Presidential Waiver of Section 907 Restrictions on U.S. Aid to AzerbaijanGreek PM confident EU fiscal rules will changeTurkey's Erdogan Evokes Religion in New Push for Lower RatesErdogan says he will keep battling interest rates, hitting liraTurkish Lira Tumbles After Erdogan Renews Call for Unorthodox Rate Cuts 

Ümit Kurt, born and raised in Gaziantep, Turkey, was astonished to learn that his hometown once had a large and active Armenian community. The Armenian presence in Aintab, the city's name during the Ottoman period, had not only been destroyed―it had been replaced. To every appearance, Gaziantep was a typical Turkish city. Kurt digs into the details of the Armenian dispossession that produced the homogeneously Turkish city in which he grew up. In particular, he examines the population that gained from ethnic cleansing. Records of land confiscation and population transfer demonstrate just how much new wealth became available when the prosperous Armenians―who were active in manufacturing, agricultural production, and trade―were ejected. Although the official rationale for the removal of the Armenians was that the group posed a threat of rebellion, Kurt shows that the prospect of material gain was a key motivator of support for the Armenian genocide among the local Muslim gentry and the Turkish public. Those who benefited most―provincial elites, wealthy landowners, state officials, and merchants who accumulated Armenian capital―in turn financed the nationalist movement that brought the modern Turkish republic into being. The economic elite of Aintab was thus reconstituted along both ethnic and political lines. The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province (Harvard UP, 2021) draws on primary sources from Armenian, Ottoman, Turkish, British, and French archives, as well as memoirs, personal papers, oral accounts, and newly discovered property-liquidation records. Together they provide an invaluable account of genocide at ground level. Renee Garfinkel, Ph.D. is a psychologist, writer, Middle East television commentator and host of The New Books Network's Van Leer Jerusalem Series on Ideas. Write her at reneeg@vanleer.org.il Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Ümit Kurt, born and raised in Gaziantep, Turkey, was astonished to learn that his hometown once had a large and active Armenian community. The Armenian presence in Aintab, the city's name during the Ottoman period, had not only been destroyed―it had been replaced. To every appearance, Gaziantep was a typical Turkish city. Kurt digs into the details of the Armenian dispossession that produced the homogeneously Turkish city in which he grew up. In particular, he examines the population that gained from ethnic cleansing. Records of land confiscation and population transfer demonstrate just how much new wealth became available when the prosperous Armenians―who were active in manufacturing, agricultural production, and trade―were ejected. Although the official rationale for the removal of the Armenians was that the group posed a threat of rebellion, Kurt shows that the prospect of material gain was a key motivator of support for the Armenian genocide among the local Muslim gentry and the Turkish public. Those who benefited most―provincial elites, wealthy landowners, state officials, and merchants who accumulated Armenian capital―in turn financed the nationalist movement that brought the modern Turkish republic into being. The economic elite of Aintab was thus reconstituted along both ethnic and political lines. The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province (Harvard UP, 2021) draws on primary sources from Armenian, Ottoman, Turkish, British, and French archives, as well as memoirs, personal papers, oral accounts, and newly discovered property-liquidation records. Together they provide an invaluable account of genocide at ground level. Renee Garfinkel, Ph.D. is a psychologist, writer, Middle East television commentator and host of The New Books Network's Van Leer Jerusalem Series on Ideas. Write her at reneeg@vanleer.org.il Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Ümit Kurt, born and raised in Gaziantep, Turkey, was astonished to learn that his hometown once had a large and active Armenian community. The Armenian presence in Aintab, the city's name during the Ottoman period, had not only been destroyed―it had been replaced. To every appearance, Gaziantep was a typical Turkish city. Kurt digs into the details of the Armenian dispossession that produced the homogeneously Turkish city in which he grew up. In particular, he examines the population that gained from ethnic cleansing. Records of land confiscation and population transfer demonstrate just how much new wealth became available when the prosperous Armenians―who were active in manufacturing, agricultural production, and trade―were ejected. Although the official rationale for the removal of the Armenians was that the group posed a threat of rebellion, Kurt shows that the prospect of material gain was a key motivator of support for the Armenian genocide among the local Muslim gentry and the Turkish public. Those who benefited most―provincial elites, wealthy landowners, state officials, and merchants who accumulated Armenian capital―in turn financed the nationalist movement that brought the modern Turkish republic into being. The economic elite of Aintab was thus reconstituted along both ethnic and political lines. The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province (Harvard UP, 2021) draws on primary sources from Armenian, Ottoman, Turkish, British, and French archives, as well as memoirs, personal papers, oral accounts, and newly discovered property-liquidation records. Together they provide an invaluable account of genocide at ground level. Renee Garfinkel, Ph.D. is a psychologist, writer, Middle East television commentator and host of The New Books Network's Van Leer Jerusalem Series on Ideas. Write her at reneeg@vanleer.org.il Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/middle-eastern-studies

How can a psychologist use language as a tool for healing, and as a method of traveling to times and locations often buried and distant in the past? If both therapist and patient are bilingual, how are language dynamics negotiated and experienced during therapy? In this episode, Dr. K sits down with clinical psychologist Mariam Vanounts to discuss the role of language(s) and non-verbal communication in various forms of therapy. For more, visit armenian.usc.edu.

This week Elle's got the November wine update! Then she introduces a La Scolca Gavi dei Gavi aka a refreshing white wine made from Cortese, hailing from the Piedmont region in Italy. Next up is On the Food Side. This month the food of choice is pho--that's right, Elle actually enjoyed a soup, but she wants the word broth to be banned. Lastly is the Final Five where Anush O'Connor. Anush is your go to for all things Armenian wine--although she's making some of her own in Southern California right now! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 16 November 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 16 Նոյեմբեր յայտագրէն:

A clever mouse outsmarts the Gruffalo as he takes a stroll through the deep dark forest...the whole story read in Armenian by our wonderful ToTalk Armenian teachers.You can support us on Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/totalkarmenian

After the strangely distorted and disturbing performance of Totentanz the heroes find themselves in a desolate shadow city, it's a Berlin from a different time. It seems utterly deserted and perhaps it would have been better if it was. This series stars fan favourites, Sefina Rousseau played by Yiyi, Kataroyan 'the Armenian' played by Marko, and Eckhardt Schild played by Henry as they are joined by old friends Varin and Daniel who play Max Nemetz and Anne-Marie Kuhl. As with all the Berlin stories 'Dances' contains imagery and themes that some people may find disturbing.

  In EVN Report's news roundup for the week of November 12: This week marked one year since the November 9 trilateral statement that ended the 2020 Artsakh War; Azerbaijani forces place customs checkpoints on the portion of the Goris-Kapan highway that now runs through Azerbaijani controlled territory; a second Armenian civilian in Artsakh is killed and three others wounded by Azerbaijani forces.

Beginning as a Spanish Rancho in 1798, the City of Glendale incorporated in 1906 and has grown to become the fourth largest city in Los Angeles County with a population just under 200,000. Over time, Glendale has also become home to significant companies in the Greater Los Angeles region. Headquarters to notable companies including International House of Pancakes, Avery Dennison, LegalZoom and Public Storage, Glendale also boasts an impressive array of leading creative companies, including Walt Disney Imagineering, Disney Interactive, Marvel Animation Studios, Walt Disney Animation, and KABC-TV, to name a few. Since the 1960s, Glendale has also become home to the largest diaspora of Armenians in the U.S., representing roughly 40% of the city's overall population. This, in stark contrast to the historic prevalence of racially restrictive covenants in Glendale, and its status as a “sundown town” well into the mid-20th century. That said, as of late 2020, Glendale was only one of three cities in the United States to acknowledge and apologize for its racially exclusionary past. Join CivitasLA for our latest “Community Spotlight” with Councilmember Ardy Kassakhian and Elen Asatryan, two noted community leaders, as we discuss the issues and opportunities facing Glendale today and the central role the Armenian community plays within the city, our region, and continues to play internationally. To learn more, please visit: https://www.glendaleca.gov/government/city-council/councilmember-ardy-kassakhian. And, to learn more about CivitasLA, please visit us as www.CivitasLA.com and we hope you'll connect with us on Facebook (@CivitasLA); on Instagram (@Civitas_LA) or Twitter (@Civitas_LA).

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 9 November 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 9 Նոյեմբեր յայտագրէն:

Stress during the holiday season is unavoidable but the way we deal with that stress is what gives us the strength to carry on. As Dr. Buttross states during this episode of Deep South Dining, sometimes looking for stress relief activities in the kitchen can yield some pretty delicious results. Today Malcolm and Carol continue the countdown to Thanksgiving and get some tips for dealing with holiday stress from Southern Remedy: Relatively Speaking host, Dr. Susan Buttross. Also, Malcolm shares what happened during a recent trip to Virginia, which included several states, classic barbeque, and Armenian dishes. Let's eat y'all! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this third episode focused on the re-nascent wine industry in Armenia, the Wine Thieves get into a deep and detailed conversation about ancient and recent techniques applied to the wealth of autochthonous grapes in the country. Joined by guests Artak Gabrielyan, chief winemaker at the Armenian National Agrarian University and lecturer at the EVN Wine Academy, and Jean-Paul Berger, German-born but Armenian tradition-obsessed  winemaker at the historic Voskevaz winery in Aragatsotn region, Sara and John delve into the fascinating history and practical applications of karas, Armenia's millennia-old clay amphora.  Caucasian oak and its use for barrel making also enters the discussion, including the similarities with, and differences between it and American white oak and European species, as well as  the local grape varieties that are best suited to fermenting and ageing in karas and/or indigenous oak. We speculate on the "Kahkani method", the equivalent to appassimento in Italy, originally used to preserve grapes for eating during  cold Armenian winters. At what point did someone think of turning partially dried grapes into wine? Did the Greeks, and later the Italians, learn this technique from the Armenians?And lastly in a far-too-rare segment, the Thieves taste and discuss a thoroughly delicious bottle of Voskehat, the Queen of Armenian white varieties from the Vayots Dzor region in the volcanic Armenian Highlands, and compare and contrast two examples of the country's most important red variety, Areni. Grab a glass of either, or both, (if you live in Canada, the best source of Armenian wines is kinedoun.com) and come with us on another enjoyable journey to the ancient world of wine.

In EVN Report's news roundup for the week of November 5: Covid numbers continue to surge in the country; the ECHR obliges Baku to pay compensation to the families of two Armenian captives in cases dating back to 2014; as the anniversary of the trilateral statement that ended the 2020 Artsakh War nears, the Kremlin says it will present a comprehensive report.

Vayeitzei 7 - Armenian Hebrew Alliance by Complete Nach a chapter a day

The late, great George Mardikian was restauranteur extraordinaire, philanthropist and an inspiration to his family and employees. Hear from his nephew/son Haig Mardikian wine, Ohman Khayans, immigration and philanthropy.  We discuss the famed Mardikian Pinot Noir, the immigration of 10's of thousands of Armenians to America, and life. It is probably the most emotional podcast I have hosted and guessing that monicker will stand for awhile.   PK

Today on Mushroom Hour we are joined by freethinker, activist and mycologist Dr. Patricia Kaishian. Dr. Kaishian received a B.A in Biology with a concentration in Environmental Studies in 2013 from Wheaton College, MA. In August 2020, she defended her Ph.D. in Forest Pathology & Mycology from SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry. She is broadly trained in the taxonomy of macro and micro fungi, with considerable field experience in the Neotropics. Currently, she is working as a postdoctoral researcher in the Aime Lab at Purdue University where she is serving as curator of fungi at the Arthur Fungarium & Kriebel Herbarium. Beyond more traditional scientific work, Dr. Kaishian also works in the realms like the philosophy of science, feminist bioscience, ecofeminism and queer theory, exploring how mycology and other scientific disciplines are situated in and informed by our sociopolitical landscape. She is a founding member of the International Congress of Armenian Mycologists, a research organization comprised of ethnically Armenian mycologists who seek to simultaneously advance mycological science and Armenian sovereignty and liberation.   TOPICS COVERED:   Childhood Embracing Nature in NY State  Activism & Science Intertwined  The Practice of Science & the Institution of Science  Western Eurocentric Perspectives Embedding into Modern Institutions  Historical Dynamics Between Institutional Science, Institutional Christianity, Agriculture & Colonization  Agro-Heterosexuality  Queer Theory & Queer Ecology  Mycology as a Queer Science  Upliftment of Marginalized People & Organisms  Influence of Dr. Robin Kimmerer  Armenian Advocacy  Link Between Biodiversity & Indigenous Sovereignty  Dr. Kaishan's Research on Laboulbeniales & Rust Fungi  EPISODE RESOURCES:   Dr. Kaishian Twitter: https://twitter.com/queendom_fungiDr. Kaishian ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Patricia-Kaishian  "Mycology as a Queer Discipline" Paper: https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/33523  Dr. George Hudler “Magical Mushrooms Mischievous Molds”: https://www.amazon.com/Magical-Mushrooms-Mischievous-George-Hudler/dp/0691070164  "Queer Ecologies": https://www.amazon.com/Queer-Ecologies-Nature-Politics-Desire/dp/0253222036  "The Mushroom at the End of the World": https://www.amazon.com/Mushroom-End-World-Possibility-Capitalist/dp/0691178321/  "Braiding Sweetgrass": https://www.amazon.com/Braiding-Sweetgrass-Indigenous-Scientific-Knowledge/dp/1571313567/  Tiokasin Ghosthorse: https://www.humansandnature.org/tiokasin-ghosthorseInternational Congress of Aremenian Mycologists: https://icarmenian-mycologists.github.io/  Entoloma salmoneum: https://www.mushroomexpert.com/entoloma_quadratum.html

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 2 November 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 2 Նոյեմբեր յայտագրէն:

A young boy prepares a taco party for a group of dragons. However, when there are tacos served at the party, there is also salsa. If a dragon eats spicy salsa, then you are in trouble...the whole story read in Armenian by our wonderful ToTalk Armenian teachers.You can support us on Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/totalkarmenian

A young boy prepares a taco party for a group of dragons. However, when there are tacos served at the party, there is also salsa. If a dragon eats spicy salsa, then you are in trouble...the whole story read in Armenian by our wonderful ToTalk Armenian teachers.You can support us on Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/totalkarmenian

Filthy Armenian (@FilthyArmenian) joins us to discuss the newest Dave Chappelle controversy, the politics of comedy, how Jon Stewart wrote the book on manufacturing consent, and more. To listen to the full 2-hour episode, become a patron at patreon.com/whatsleft

Azerbaijan has built a new international airport in Fuzuli - a city it reclaimed from Armenian occupation after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War. The airport, inaugurated by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Azerbaijani counterpart Ilham Aliyev, will act as an important transit point in a region that has long been marred by conflict. So, what impact will the new airport have on the region? Guests: Fariz Ismailzade Vice Rector at ADA University Richard Giragosian Director of the Regional Studies Centre

Ever wish you could just cast a spell and solve a problem? We've actually got you covered. This week, Dr. Lilit Garibyan brings in a bit of wizardry as she talks about the Magic Wand Initiative and its cutting-edge use to solve clinical problems. Each Thursday, join Dr. Raja and Dr. Hadar, board certified dermatologists, as they share the latest evidence based research in integrative dermatology. For access to CE/CME courses, become a member at LearnSkin.com.   Lilit Garibyan, MD PhD is an Assistant Professor of Dermatology at Harvard Medical School and a Physician-Scientist at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Her research focuses on innovative biomedical translational discoveries aimed at identifying novel treatments for dermatologic diseases and beyond. She is an inventor on many patents, some of which have led to the development of startup companies. Her scientific work has focused on pioneering new methods of cooling tissue. Dr. Garibyan has co-authored numerous peer-reviewed original publications. She has lectured at the national and international level and has developed a reputation as an expert and leader in dermatology and biomedical innovation. She is also the co-founder and the Director of the “Magic Wand Initiative” and the Virtual Magic Wand programs, which aim to promote and empower clinician-led research and innovation, by teaching them the process of innovation. These programs empower and teach clinicians how to identify unmet-clinical needs and collaborate with research faculty and industry in finding solutions to these problems. Due to the measurable success that these programs have achieved, they have now become nationally and internationally recognized initiatives. As a humanitarian, Dr. Garibyan has pioneered and established sustainable, medical laser clinics in Armenia for effective treatments of scars and vascular anomalies. Her team has taken several lasers to Armenia and has trained Armenian physicians on the use of laser technology to treat life altering skin diseases. Dr. Garibyan recently founded and serves as the President of a nonprofit organization called “Face of Angel” to continue the mission of this humanitarian work.  Dr. Garibyan received her B.S. summa cum laude from University of California Los Angeles, her M.D. from Harvard Medical School, and her Ph.D. from Harvard University in Experimental Pathology/Immunology.

Topics include the police, the military, the Hollywood crowd including Seth Rogen and Clint Eastwood, Donald Trump, Ronald Reagan, authenticity, football (including some of our favourite players such as Alvin Kamara, Barry Sanders, and Roger Staubach), career-ending injuries, fatherhood, weight loss, the mainstream media, California, the Armenian genocide, the rise of anti-Semitism in the US, and regret. _______________________________________ Dean Cain is an actor, producer, documentarian, and television presenter. He is perhaps best known for having played the role of Superman in the Lois & Clark television series. _______________________________________ If you appreciate my work and would like to support it: https://subscribestar.com/the-saad-truth https://patreon.com/GadSaad https://paypal.me/GadSaad _______________________________________ This chat was posted earlier today (October 27, 2021) on my YouTube channel as THE SAAD TRUTH_1325: https://youtu.be/IGEhWRUbVf8 _______________________________________ The Parasitic Mind: How Infectious Ideas Are Killing Common Sense (paperback edition) was released on October 5, 2021. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Parasitic-Mind-Infectious-Killing-Common/dp/162157959X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= https://www.amazon.ca/Parasitic-Mind-Infectious-Killing-Common/dp/162157959X https://www.amazon.co.uk/Parasitic-Mind-Infectious-Killing-Common/dp/162157959X _______________________________________ Please visit my website gadsaad.com, and sign up for alerts. If you appreciate my content, click on the "Support My Work" button. I count on my fans to support my efforts. You can donate via Patreon, PayPal, and/or SubscribeStar. _______________________________________ Dr. Gad Saad is a professor, evolutionary behavioral scientist, and author who pioneered the use of evolutionary psychology in marketing and consumer behavior. In addition to his scientific work, Dr. Saad is a leading public intellectual who often writes and speaks about idea pathogens that are destroying logic, science, reason, and common sense. _______________________________________  

Episode 23 - The Matenadaran. Officially known as the Mesrob Mashdots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, this complex in Yerevan is the largest repository of Armenian manuscripts. In this episode we talk about all our favorite parts, and the statues that stand out front. Can you name them? Leave a comment on our Facebook page. Get updates and more on www.facebook.com/podmootiun/, and don't forget to like, subscribe and leave a review.

  Launched in 2005, DigiWeek is the marquee event for Armenia's technology sector. The anchor event for DigiWeek is the Digitec Expo (the largest tech expo in the Caucasus) and the first ever Digitec Summit, an exclusive conference bringing together technologists from around the world. Raffi Kassarjian, the executive director of the Union of Advanced Technology Enterprises and Nerses Ohanian, founder of HyeTech speak to EVN Report about how the tech sector is turning challenges into opportunities.  

Haig's Kabob House presents HYE JAMS RADIO with Paisan Kapitan and Kristina as they broadcast from CHUMMY STUDIOS in Los Angeles, California.  This week, there are Hosts & Goblins in the studio and it's bound to get really scary! Some say The Gentlemen's Kit is haunted. Others say, the spirits of Armenian recording artists who passed are traveling through the cables and the equipment. One thing we know for sure, as your favorite deejays figure it all out, they will be playing all your favorite Hits as well as a few new ones you're sure to love. Also, don't miss the Hye Jams Exclusive Sneak Peak of Harout Bedrossian's New Song, "Bala Bala" played here first, before the international release. Ain't nuttin' but a party every week on Hye Jams Radio!

Dr. Shirag Shemmassian is father to one son, the founder of Shemmassian Academic Consulting, and one of the world's foremost experts on admissions to highly selective colleges, graduate programs, and medical schools. For nearly 20 years, he and his team have helped thousands of students overcome obstacles and gain admission to these schools using his proprietary approach. Shirag was born in Los Angeles to Armenian parents who immigrated to the United States from Lebanon. As a high school student, he navigated the admissions process with limited college counseling. He received a BS in human development from Cornell University and a PhD in clinical psychology from UCLA. Shirag's expertise has been featured in various media outlets, including the Washington Post and Business Insider.      He joins us on Parenting for the Future to share his wisdom on how we parents can help our children hone their unique voices so that they can achieve their educational and career goals.

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 26 October 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 26 Հոկտեմբեր յայտագրէն:

Due to project week, we apologise for not being able to update during last week. This week we invited Van from Armenia to talk about the conflict in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenia and Azerbaijan that has been going on for 3 decades. This issue is still controversial international wide that please respect the diversity of opinions:) Everyone's opinion is highly related to their education background and political environment around them and it's impossible for individuals to be non-biased. Our podcast simply hope to take you to a look at what Armenian's opinions actually are through this episode instead of judging who's right or wrong on this issue. We also would like to provide opinions from the other side but unfortunately we don't have anyone related to Azerbaijan within our community. We sincerely wish our listeners can stay open-minded about different perspectives.

I have admired today's guest for a very long time! Kim Kashkashian is an internationally recognized and decorated violist who has worked tirelessly to broaden the range of technique, advocacy, and repertoire for the viola. Our conversation is absolutely filled with information and inspiration, including: Her musical journey and how her artistic path has unfolded, focusing heavily on conquering her fears and belief in chance (3:24) Why pursuing an objective view is essential to your growth (9:48) How Kim defines mindful practice... (11:26)  ...and how focusing on the entire production of your sound (including resonance, energy, and what you send out) maximizes your practice (12:51) Kim's suggestions to exercise expressive playing, including knowing exactly what a piece means to you by personifying the music (and letting how you transmit that message to an audience come second) (15:36) How the difference between intention and desire relates to the tension in performance (22:56) The distinction between being judgmental and making good differentiation, and the impact of each (29:55) Kim's advice to current music students on broadening your perspective, learning the language of music (separate from the craft of playing your instrument), and knowing the historical context of pieces (33:36) The doubt and resistance Kim has faced on her own journey (36:38) The importance of listening to yourself with love, knowing yourself and what you want to say, and knowing how to say it (37:50)   MORE ON KIM KASHKASHIAN: YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kim+kashkashian+viola Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063660876526   Kim Kashkashian, internationally recognized as a unique voice on the viola, was born of Armenian parents in Michigan. She studied the viola with Karen Tuttle and legendary violist Walter Trampler at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore. Since fall 2000 she has taught viola and chamber music at New England Conservatory. Following Grammy Award nominations for several previous recordings, Kashkashian received a 2012 Grammy Award in the "Best Classical Instrumental Solo" category for Kurtág and Ligeti: Music for Viola, on the ECM Records label. Kashkashian's recording, with Robert Levin, of the Brahms Sonatas won the Edison Prize in 1999. Her June 2000 recording of concertos by Bartók, Eötvös and Kurtág won the 2001 Cannes Classical Award for a premiere recording by soloist with orchestra. In 2016, Kashkashian was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Kashkashian has worked tirelessly to broaden the range of technique, advocacy, and repertoire for the viola. A staunch proponent of contemporary music, she has developed creative relationships with György Kurtág, Krzysztof Penderecki, Alfred Schnittke, Giya Kancheli, and Arvo Pärt, and commissioned works from Peter Eötvös, Ken Ueno, Thomas Larcher, Lera Auerbach, and Tigran Mansurian. Marlboro and the Viennese school represented by her mentor, Felix Galimir, were major influences in developing her love of chamber music. Kim Kashkashian is a regular participant at the Verbier, Salzburg, Lockenhaus, Marlboro, and Ravinia festivals. She has long-standing duo partnerships with pianist Robert Levin and percussionist Robyn Schulkowsky, and played in a unique string quartet with Gidon Kremer, Daniel Phillips, and Yo-Yo Ma. As a soloist, she has appeared with the great orchestras of Berlin, London, Vienna, Milan, New York, and Cleveland, and in recital at the Metropolitan Museum of New York, Kaufmann Hall, New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall, as well as in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Frankfurt, Berlin, Paris, Athens, and Tokyo. Kashkashian's musicianship has been well represented on recordings through her association with the prestigious ECM label in a fruitful collaboration that has been continuous since 1985. Kim Kashkashian has taught in Bloomington, Indiana, and in Freiburg and Berlin, Germany, and now resides with her daughter in Boston. Kim is a founding member of Music for Food, an initiative by musicians to fight hunger in their home communities. B.M., Peabody Conservatory of Music; M.M., New School of Music Philadelphia. Viola with Walter Trampler and Karen Tuttle. Former faculty of University of Indiana and conservatories in Freiburg and Berlin, Germany.   LINKS: "Performing and Music Communication" Barbara Hannigan live in Berlin on Sarah´s Horn Hangouts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lFs1C_ewiE     PRACTICING FOR PEAK PERFORMANCE: I'm excited to tell you that Practicing for Peak Performance is now available for download! Go to MindOverFinger.com for access to all the tools that will help you transform your practice, gain confidence in your process, and start performing at your best.    With the purchase of PPP, you gain: Access to all recorded content - over 7 hours of instruction Guidance in effective high-performance systems Detailed handouts For a limited time only, a free 30-minute consultation with me. PPP alumnus Karmen Palusoo has this to say about it: “For a long time I have had this belief that learning an instrument is difficult and hard work or that it has to be, and there is no other way. Only a few weeks after PPP, I am starting to feel that change! My everyday practice sessions are now filled with freedom and ease!”   THANK YOU: A HUGE thank you to my fantastic producer, Bella Kelly, who works really hard to make this podcast as pleasant to listen to as possible for you. Most sincere thank you to composer Jim Stephenson who graciously provided the show's musical theme.  Concerto #1 for Trumpet and Chamber Orchestra – Movement 2: Allegro con Brio, performed by Jeffrey Work, trumpet, and the Lake Forest Symphony, conducted by Jim Stephenson. Thank you to pianist-singer-song-writer Louise Kelly for the introduction!  You can find out more about Kelly and her creative work by visiting louisekelly.com.    MIND OVER FINGER: As we head into this new season, I encourage you to visit MindOverFinger.com for a plethora of resources on mindful practice and information on how to work with me. Sign up for my newsletter and receive your free guide to a highly productive mindful practice using a metronome! mindoverfinger.com https://www.facebook.com/mindoverfinger/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/mindoverfinger https://www.instagram.com/mindoverfinger/

Haig's Kabob House presents HYE JAMS RADIO with Paisan Kapitan and Kristina as they broadcast from CHUMMY STUDIOS in Los Angeles, California.  This week, your favorite Armo-American deejays put on an ArmoMazing Show, featuring all your favorite music artists and a little love for all things Armenian. Don't miss this homeland tribute show that you'll enjoy for many years to come. Ain't nuttin' but a party every week on Hye Jams Radio!

The gang follow up a lead to an obscure occult bookshop where they learn more about Astarte the many faced Goddess. Then it's on for a delightful evening of music. Henri Chatin-Hoffman will be performing Liszt's Totentanz for one night only in the Hall of Mirrors at the famous Clärchens Ballhaus. This series stars fan favourites, Sefina Rousseau played by Yiyi, Kataroyan 'the Armenian' played by Marko, and Eckhardt Schild played by Henry as they are joined by old friends Varin and Daniel who play Max Nemetz and Anne-Marie Kuhl. As with all the Berlin stories 'Dances' contains imagery and themes that some people may find disturbing.

SBS Armenian news bulletin from 19 October 2021 program. - SBS Հայերէնի լուրերը քաղուած 19 Հոկտեմբեր յայտագրէն:

Hello Language Lovers! Thank you for joining me for this episode of Speaking Tongues- the podcast in conversation with multilinguals. This week, I'm so happy to bring you this conversation with Dr. Timothy Douglas of Lancaster University where we talk about his languages of German, Dutch Russian & Polish but also about his background as a researcher and how languages have played a role in his scientific career. Timothy talks to us about his journey through Slavic and Germanic languages and how a biomaterials conference that he attended in Poland was a turning point in realizing that languages could impact his field. He talks about appreciating the subtle differences in the Slavic languages and how he's been able to keep from confusing them with one another. He tells us about the ways that languages can be used the in scientific community to build rapport and that there is value in learning a language even though it is often underrated as a soft skill. We talk about the trouble of collaborating in English as a native English speaker and the reasons why will most likely surprise you -- and we draw parallels between researching and language learning as well as knowing yourself as a researcher and as a language learner. Timothy gives us his opinion on how he thinks the scientific community can promote multilingualism. Thank you to Dr. Douglas for this insightful and thought-provoking conversation weaving language with science. If you enjoy this episode of Speaking Tongues, don't forget to subscribe, rate and review the Speaking Tongues Podcast on Apple Podcasts or like and subscribe on YouTube so that other language lovers like ourselves can find the show! And, If you've been a long time listener of the show or a recent listener, you can now support the show on Buy Me a Coffee dot com. Links to all platforms are in the show notes! ---------------------------------------------------- LISTENER DEAL ALERT!! ---- > Speaking Tongues listeners receive a special 10% off all languages with our friends at NaTakallam! NaTakallam pairs displaced people with learners worldwide for online language learning & cultural exchange. With NaTakallam, you can support these individuals & their host communities by working with them as online tutors, teachers, translators, & cultural exchange partners – regardless of their location & status. Languages offered include Arabic, Armenian, Persian, Kurdish, French, Spanish and English! Use my code 'SPEAKING10' through this link here: tiny.cc/speaking10 -------------------------------------------------- Speaking Tongues Podcast: Follow on IG: @speakingtonguespod Follow on Twitter: @stpodcasthost Like our Facebook Page: @speakingtonguespod Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJFOPq3j7wGteY-PjcZaMxg Did you enjoy this episode? Support Speaking Tongues on Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/speakingtongues --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/speaking-tongues/message

Haig's Kabob House presents HYE JAMS RADIO with Paisan Kapitan and Kristina as they broadcast from CHUMMY STUDIOS in Los Angeles, California.  Try saying, "Nakacheeky Poopidy Bop" three times fast! Tune in and find out what it means from our crazy Italian host and his lovely Armenian partner. Plus, don't miss all the amazing new hits and bumpin' jams you already know and love. Ain't nuttin' but a party every week on Hye Jams Radio!

In September 1971, Lenny Klaif was a third-year law student at the University of Iowa, when he took up the cause of prisoner rights in the tragic aftermath of the Attica Prison Riots. Klaif had graduated from the University of Buffalo, mere miles from the prison. Four days into the riots, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller sent in the state troopers, and in a hail of bullets, killed 43 people, including 10 prison guards. It took 30 years before the lawsuits and legal actions were concluded, and Klaif was in the middle of it, getting to know such seminal characters like Frank "Big Black" Smith, who was appointed security chief by his fellow prisoners, Howard Kunstler, the tenacious civil rights lawyer, and Liz Fink, the indefatigable attorney for the Attica Brothers. Klaif, hired by the ACLU, is proud to note that "I was the lowest paid lawyer in my graduating class." The riots sparked a flash point in American history, between civil rights activists and the "law and order" forces that twice elected Richard Nixon. In Klaif's experience, the legal defense proved an organizing purpose for the prisoners, most of whom never returned to a life of crime. Klaif discusses the heady historical moment with a panoply of colorful characters and his role in it. We did not discuss the Armenian genocide, Venus flytraps or Albert Spalding's baseball innovations. Declaration to the People of America, Read by Elliott James "L.D." Barkley, September 9, 1971: We are men! We are not beasts and we do not intend to be beaten or driven as such. The entire prison populace, that means each and every one of us here, have set forth to change forever the ruthless brutalization and disregard for the lives of the prisoners here and throughout the United States. What has happened here is but the sound before the fury of those who are oppressed. We will not compromise on any terms except those terms that are agreeable to us. We've called upon all the conscientious citizens of America to assist us in putting an end to this situation that threatens the lives of not only us, but of each and every one of you, as well.

Are you a Western passport holder who has connections in Russia and is looking to travel there without a lengthy visa process? Second citizenship might be the solution for you. In this video, Andrew shares details on second passports with visa-free access to Russia. 00:00 Start 1:23 Belarusian passport 2:31 Grenada passport 2:38 Vanuatu passport 2:51 Armenian passport 3:31 Brazilian passport 3:33 Chilean passport 3:42 Colombian passport 3:46 Costa Rican passport 3:47 Ecuadorian passport 3:48 Salvadoran passport 3:50 Uruguayan passport 4:08 Investor visa program 4:41 Nicaraguan passport 5:06 Cape Verdean passport 5:22 Dominican republic 5:45 Mauritian passport 6:08 Republic of Korea passport 6:39 Serbian passport 6:43 Montenegrin passport 6:48 North Macedonian passport https://nomadcapitalist.com/ Andrew Henderson and the Nomad Capitalist team are the world's most sought-after experts on legal offshore tax strategies, investment immigration, and global citizenship. We work exclusively with seven- and eight-figure entrepreneurs and investors who want to "go where they're treated best". Work with Andrew: https://nomadcapitalist.com/apply/ Andrew has started offshore companies, opened dozens of offshore bank accounts, obtained multiple second passports, and purchased real estate on four continents. He has spent the last 12 years studying and personally implementing the Nomad Capitalist lifestyle. Our growing team of researchers, strategies, and implementers add to our ever-growing knowledge base of the best options available. In addition, we've spent years studying the behavior of hundreds of clients in order to help people get the results they want faster and with less effort. About Andrew: https://nomadcapitalist.com/about/ Our Website: http://www.nomadcapitalist.com Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nomadcapitalist Buy Andrew's Book: https://amzn.to/2QKQqR0 DISCLAIMER: The information in this video should not be considered tax, financial, investment, or any kind of professional advice. Only a professional diagnosis of your specific situation can determine which strategies are appropriate for your needs. Nomad Capitalist can and does not provide advice unless/until engaged by you.

    The Mongols were famous for their ultimatums of destruction and submission. No shortage of thirteenth century states received demands for their unconditional surrender to the Great Khan granted divine mandate to rule by Eternal Blue Heaven. Initially, the Mongol imperial ideology was extremely black and white: you could submit to Mongol rule, or face total annihilation. There was no room for other relationships, for the Great Khan had no allies, only subjects. But as the thirteenth century went on and the dream of Chinggisid world hegemony slipped away as the divisions of the Mongol Empire went their separate ways, the Mongol Khans in the west began to seek not the capitulation, but the cooperation of western Europe to aid in their wars against Mamluks. For the Ilkhanate's sixty-year struggle against the Mamluk Sultanate, the Il-Khans sought to bring the Popes and Monarchs of Europe to a new crusade to assist in the defeat of the Mamluks, an ultimately fruitless endeavour, and the topic of today's episode. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       The first Mongol messages to the Kings of Europe came in the late 1230s and 40s, accompanying Batu and Sube'edei's western invasion, asking the Hungarians how they possibly could hope to flee the grasp of the Mongols. We know the Mongols sent a number of envoys to European monarchs and dukes, and employed a variety of peoples in this enterprise, including at least one Englishman. Over the 1240s and 50s, European envoys like John de Plano Carpini or William of Rubrucks to the Mongol Empire returned from Karakorum with orders for the Kings and Popes to come to Mongolia and submit in person.While Rus' and Armenian lords and kings did do so, there is little indication that European rulers even responded to these demands. For the Mongols, who seemed poised to dominate everything under the Eternal Blue Sky, there was little reason to adopt more conciliatory language. From their point of view, the Europeans were only stalling the inevitable: soon Mongol hoofbeats would certainly be heard in Paris and Rome. The Mongols treated the European states as their diplomatic inferiors, subjects basically in a state of rebellion by fact that they had not already submitted. Cruel, threatening and demanding letters were the norm, and it's safe to say any future efforts at alliance were greatly hampered by this opening salvo. The rare diplomatic exception was an embassy sent to King Louis IX of France during his stay in Cyprus in 1248 just before the 7th Crusade. There, messengers came from the Mongol commander in the west, Eljigidei, an ally to the reigning Great Khan, Guyuk. Headed by two Christians in Eljigidei's service, the embassy bore letters from Eljigidei. These letters called Louis ‘son,' and had no demand of submission, but mentioned Mongol favouritism to Christians, urged the French King not to discriminate between Latin and non-Latin Christians as all were equal under Mongol law, and wished him well in his crusade. The two Christian representatives of Eljigidei asserted that he was a Christian and that Guyuk himself had already been baptised. The urged Louis to attack Egypt, and prevent its Ayyubid prince from sending forces to aid the Caliph in Baghdad, who the Mongols were soon to attack.     Louis, is should be noted, almost certainly had not been anticipating any cooperation from the Mongols; he had  been well aware of their attacks on Hungary only a few years before, learned of Mongol demands and treatment of foreign powers from travellers like Carpini, and apparently received Mongol ultimatums for his submission in 1247. Further, a devout Christian, it is unlikely he would have gone looking for allies among “pagans,” even for fighting against Muslims. Still, he reacted well to Eljigidei's messengers and sent a return embassy with gifts with them back to Eljigidei which were to be sent on to Guyuk, while the initial letter was forwarded back to France and ultimately to King Henry III of England. Ultimately, it was for naught. Guyuk was dead even before Louis received Eljigidei's letter, and  Eljigidei himself was soon put to death in the following political turmoil. Little is known of the embassy Louis sent back with Eljigdei's representatives, but from the little heard of it through William of Rubruck a few years later, it seems to have achieved nothing beyond meeting Guyuk's widow and the regent, Oghul Qaimish, who portrayed Louis' gifts as tokens of the French King's submission.  Following the meeting on Cypress, Louis IX suffered a humiliating defeat in Egypt at Mansura, captured and was ransomed by the newly emerging Mamluks. By the time he returned to France and received Oghul Qaimish's reply, not only was she dead, but the responding letter was essentially another demand for his surrender. This first non-threatening Mongol embassy succeeded only in making the King of France feel like he had been tricked, especially since the new Great Khan, Mongke, sent a letter back with William of  Rubruck that disavowed Eljigidei's embassy. It has been speculated that Eljigidei was using the embassy to spy on Louis, as he was wary of the sudden arrival of Louis' army in Cyprus, and a desire to find out his military intentions, rather than any genuine interest in cooperation at this point.  His hope may have been to ensure that this new army attacked Mongol enemies, rather than get in the way of the Mongols.       The halting of the Mongol advance at Ayn Jalut by the Mamluks, and fracturing of the Empire into independent Khanates after Great Khan Mongke's death left the new Ilkhanate in a precarious position. Surrounded by enemies on all sides, the only direction they could expand not at the expense of fellow Mongols was against the Mamluks, who fortified their shared border with the Ilkhans. Even a small raid could trigger the arrival of the full Mamluk army, a dangerous prospect against such deadly warriors. Yet the Ilkhans could not bring their full might to bear on the shared border with the Mamluks in Syria, as it would leave their other borders open to attacks from the Golden Horde, Chagatais or Neguderis, in addition to the trouble of provisioning an army in the tough, hot and dry conditions of the Levantine coastline, a route the Mamluks secured and fortified. Opening a new front against the Mamluks was necessary, and there were already convenient beachheads established  in the form of the remaining Crusader States.   A shadow of their former selves, the Crusader states were represented by a few major coastal holdings like Antioch, Tripoli, and Acre, and inland fortifications like Krak de Chevaliers and Montfort, as well as the Kingdom of Cyprus, whose ruler, Hugh III of Cyprus, took the title King of Jerusalem in 1268. The Crusader States had shown neutrality to the Mongols, or even joined them such as the County of Tripoli did in 1260 after the Mongols entered Syria. In early 1260, the papal legate at Acre sent an embassy to Hulegu, most likely to discourage him from attacking the Crusader holdings. Along with information from the Kings of Armenian Cilicia, their most important regional vassals, the Mongols would have had a vague knowledge of western Europe and their crusading history. The Ilkhanate's founder, Hulegu, sent the first letter to the west in 1262, intended once more for King Louis IX, though this embassy was turned back in Sicily. This letter was friendlier terms than most Mongol missives, but still contained threats, if rather subdued. Pope Urban IV may have learned of the attempt, and the next year sent a letter to Hulegu, apparently having been told that the Il-Khan had become a Christian.  Delighted at the idea, the Pope informed Hulegu that if he was baptised, he would receive aid from the west. In reality, Hulegu never converted to Christianity, and died in 1265 without sending any more letters.       His son and successor, Abaqa, was the Il-Khan most dedicated to establishing a Franco-Mongol alliance and came the closest to doing so. Due to conflict on his distant  borders with the Golden Horde and Chagatayids, as well as the troubles of consolidating power as new monarch in a new realm, for the 1260s he was unable to commit forces to the Mamluk frontier. As a good Mongol, Abaqa was unwilling to allow the enemy total respite, and made it his mission to encourage an attack from the west on the Mamluks. His first embassy was sent in 1266, shortly after becoming Il-Khan, contacting the Byzantines, Pope Clement IV and King James I of Aragon, hoping for a united Christian front to combine efforts with the Mongols against the Mamluks, inquiring which route into Palestine the Christian forces would take. The responses were generally positive, Pope Clement replying that as soon as he knew which route, he would inform Abaqa.       Abaqa sent a message again in 1268, inquiring about this progress. James of Aragon found himself the most motivated by the Il-Khans requests, encouraged by the promises of Abaqa's logistical and military support once they reached the mainland. James made his preparations, and launched a fleet in September 1269. An unexpected storm scattered the fleet, and only two of James' bastard children made it to Acre, who stayed only briefly, accomplishing little there.        Not long after, King Louis IX set out for Crusade once more, making the inexplicable choice to land in Tunis in 1270. Despite his well planned efforts, the Crusade was an utter disaster, and Louis died of dysentery outside the walls of Tunis in August 1270. Prince Edward of England with his army landed in Tunis shortly before the evacuation of the crusaders, and disgusted by what he saw, set his fleet for the Holy Land, landing at Acre in May 1271, joined by Hugh of Lusignan, King of Cyprus.  Edward's timing was good, as Abaqa had returned from a great victory over the Chagatai Khan Baraq at Herat in July 1270, though had suffered a major hunting accident that November.       The Mamluk Sultan Baybars was campaigning in Syria in spring 1271, the famous Krak des Chevaliers falling to him that April. Tripoli would have fallen next, had Baybars not retreated back to Damascus hearing of the sudden arrival of a Crusader fleet, and was wary of being caught between European heavy cavalry and Mongol horse archers. Soon after landing Edward made his preparations for an offensive, and reached out to Abaqa. Abaqa was delighted, and sent a reply and orders for Samaghar, the Mongol commander in Anatolia, to head to Syria. Edward did not wait for Abaqa's reply, and there is no indication he ever responded to Abaqa's letter. He set out in mid-July, ensuring his army suffered the most from the summer heat, while missing the Mongols who preferred to campaign in the winter. Suffering high casualties and accomplishing little, he withdrew back to Acre. In mid-October Samaghar arrived with his army, raiding as far as to the west of Aleppo while an elite force of Mongols scouted ahead, routing a large group of Turkmen between Antioch and Harim, but was soon forced to retreat with the advance of the Mamluk army under Baybars.       Missing Samagahr by only a few weeks, in November Edward marched south from Acre at the head of a column of men from England, Acre, Cyprus, with Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. They ambushed some Turkmen on the Sharon plain, forced the local Mamluk governor to withdraw, but with the arrival of large Mamluk reinforcements the Crusaders fled, losing their prisoners and booty.  That was the closest the Mongols and the Franks came to proper coordination. Edward helped oversee a peace treaty between the Mamluks and the Kingdom of Jersualem, but the heat, difficulties campaigning, political infighting and an assassination attempt on his life permanently turned him off of crusading. By September 1272, Edward set sail for England. A  few weeks after his departure the Mongols again invaded, besieging al-Bira but were defeated by the Mamluks in December.        Edward's brief effort in Syria demonstrated the difficulties prefacing any Mongol-Frankish cooperation. The Mamluks were a cohesive, unified force, well accustomed to the environment and working from a well supplied logistic system and intelligence network, while the Franks and Mongols were unable to ever develop a proper timetable for operations together. The European arrivals generally had unrealistic goals for their campaigns, bringing neither the men, resources or experience to make an impact.       Abaqa continued  to organize further efforts, and found many willing ears at the Second Council of Lyons in France in 1274, a meeting of the great powers of Christendom intended to settle doctrinal issues, the division of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and plan the reconquest of the Holy land. Abaqa's delegation informed the Council that the Il-Khan had secured his borders, that peace had been achieved between all the Mongols Khanates, and he could now bring his full might against the Mamluks, and urged the Christian powers to do likewise. The current Pope, Gregory X, fully supported this and made efforts to set things in motion, but his death in 1276 killed whatever momentum this process had had. Abaqa sent another round of envoys, who reached the King of France and the new King of England, Edward. The envoys brought the Il-khan's apologies for failing to cooperate properly during Edward's crusade, and asked him to return. Edward politely declined. This was the final set of envoys Abaqa sent west. Perhaps frustrated, he finally organized a proper invasion of Syria, only an army under his brother Mongke-Temur to be defeated by the Mamluks at Homs, and Abaqa himself dying soon after in 1282. His successors were to find no more luck that he had.        The most interesting envoy to bring the tidings of the Il-Khan to Europe did not originate in the Ilkhanate, but in China: Rabban Bar Sawma, born in 1220 in what is now modern day Beijing, was a Turkic Nestorian priest who had set out on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem before being conscripted to act as a messenger for the Il-Khan, in a journey which is a fascinating contrast to that of his contemporary Marco Polo. Even given him his own dedicated episode in this podcast series, but we'll give here a brief recount of his journey. Writing his accounts down upon his return to Baghdad later in life, he described how he brought messages and gifts to the Byzantine Emperor Andronicos II Palaiologus, marvelled at the Hagia Sophia, then landed in Sicily and made his way to Rome, having just missed the death of Pope Honorius IV. Travelling on to France, he was warmly welcomed by King Phillip IV, and then on to Gascony where he met the campaigning King Edward of England, who again responded kindly to the Il-khan's envoy.  On his return journey, he met the new Pope Nicholas IV in 1288 before returning to the Ilkhanate.    Despite the generous receptions Rabban Sauma was given by the heads of Europe, and despite the Il-khan's promises to return Jerusalem to Christian hands, the reality was there was no ruler in the west interested, or capable of, going on Crusade. By now, the act of Crusading in the Holy land had lost its lustre, the final crusades almost all disasters, and costly ones at that. With the final Crusader strongholds falling to the Mamluks in the early 1290s, there was no longer even a proper beachhead on the coast for a Crusading army. The sheer distance and cost of going on Crusade, especially with numerous ongoing issues in their own Kingdoms at hand, outweighed whatever perceived benefit there might have been in doing so. Further, while Rabban Sauma personally could be well received, the Mongols themselves remained uncertain allies. From 1285 through to 1288, Golden Horde attacks on eastern Europe had recommenced in force. Even the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Tele-Buqa, had led an army into Poland. For the Europeans, the distinctions between the Mongol Khanates were hard to register; how could messages of peace from some Mongols be matched with the open war other Mongols were undertaking? All evidence seems to suggest that the western Franks did not understand that the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate were separate political entities. Recall earlier the conflicting letters Louis IX had received in the 1240s, where one Mongol general offered friendship, only to be tricked in seemingly submitting to the Mongols and then receive letters in the 1250s telling him to discount the previous envoys. Together these encouraged unease over perceiving the Mongols as allies, and served to further dampen interest to pursue these alliances.       In contrast, the Mamluks had somewhat greater success in their own overseas diplomacy: in the 1260s Baybars initiated contact with the Golden Horde, ruled by the Muslim Berke Khan, encouraging him to keep up his warfare with his Ilkhanid cousins. Sultan Baybars also kept good relations with the Byzantine Empire and the Genoese, allowing him to keep the flow of Turkic slave soldiers from the steppes of the Golden Horde open, the keystone of the Mamluk military. There is also evidence they undertook some limited diplomacy with Qaidu Khan during the height of his rule over Central Asia and the Chagatayids. While the Mamluks and Golden Horde never undertook any true military cooperation, the continuation of their talks kept the Ilkhanate wary of enemies on all borders, never truly able to bring the entirety of its considerable might against one foe least another strike the Il-Khan's exposed frontiers. But, did the Golden Horde, in the 1260s, perceive this as an alliance? We only have Mamluk accounts of the relationship, but scholarship often supposes that the Golden Horde Khans perceived this as the submission of the Mamluks, and any cooperation was the cooperation between overlord and subject. As many of the Mamluk ruling class were Qipchaqs, so the Mongols had come to see as their natural slaves, it may well be that Berke saw the submission of the Mamluks as a natural part of their relationship, especially since he already ruled the Qipchaq homeland. This alliance, alongside never resulting in direct cooperation, was also never always amicable. When the Jochid Khans grew annoyed with the Mamluks, they would halt the trade of Qipchaq slaves and threaten to deprive the Mamluks of their greatest source of warriors. During the long reign of Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, a daughter of the Golden Horde Khan Ozbeg was wed to him, in an effort to cement the relationship after a rocky start to the 1300s. Al-Nasir soon accused her of not actually being a Chinggisid, insulting her and infuriating Ozbeg. Yet the relationship survived until the invasions of Emir Temur at the close of the fourteenth century, when the Mamluks and Golden Horde once again took part in a doomed west-Asian effort to ally against Temur.       Ilkhanid-European contacts continued into the 14th century, but with somewhat less regularity after Rabban bar Sawma's journey. An archbishopric was even founded in the new Ilkhanid capital of Sultaniyya in 1318, and Papal envoys would travel through the Ilkhanate to the Yuan Dynasty in China until the 1330s. A few envoys came from the Il-Khans still hoping to achieve military cooperation; Ghazan Il-Khan continued to send them before his invasions, including the only one that actually defeated the Mamluk army and led to a brief Mongol advance down the coast, occupying Damascus. News of Ghazan's successes did spread rapidly, for the Spanish Franciscan Ramon Llull learned of it and promptly sailed all the way across the Mediterranean, hoping to be among the first missionaries to land in the newly reclaimed Holy Land. But upon arriving in Cypress, Llull learned of Ghazan's equally quick withdrawal. The combined news of a Mongol victory followed by sudden Mongol withdrawal must have only affirmed the opinion of many of the futility of taking part in any more crusades with the Mongols.  Military operations against the Mamluks mostly ceased after Ghazan's death, until a formal peace was achieved between them and the Ilkhanate at the start of the 1320s. Naturally, no further messages for alliances with the powers of Europe were forth coming, and consequently putting an almost total end to European interest and contacts with the Middle East for the next five centuries. European-Mongol relations would continue for some time longer in the territory of the Golden Horde, where the attention of our podcast moves next, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast for more. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, then consider supporting us on Patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.