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The Beracha of "She'lo Asani Abed," which we recite each morning, expresses our gratitude to G-d for making us free, that we are not an "Ebed" – "servant." This refers to an "Ebed Kena'ani" – a gentile servant purchased by a Jewish owner, who undergoes a partial conversion whereby he becomes obligated in the same Misvot that are binding upon a woman. After we recite the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Goy," thanking Hashem for not making us a gentile, who has no Misva obligations whatsoever, we thank Hashem also for not making us an "Ebed," who is obligated in only some Misvot. Furthermore, servants do not have Yihus (respectable lineage), and so we are grateful that we have the status of free men who enjoy the honor of Yihus. A person who is held captive, G-d forbid, nevertheless recites this Beracha, even though he does not enjoy freedom. "She'lo Asani Abed" refers specifically to the status of an "Ebed Kena'ani," and so even a Jew who is in captivity recites this Beracha because he is a full-fledged Jew. The word "Ebed" is pronounced "Abed" because of a grammatical rule that a "Segol" vowel at the end of a sentence changes to a "Kamatz." The next Beracha that men recite each morning is the blessing of "She'lo Asani Isha" – "who has not made me a woman." Some mistakenly view this Beracha as an indication that Judaism regards women as somehow inferior to men. This is certainly not true; both men and women are equally important from the Torah's perspective, and neither plays a more a vital role in the mission of the Jewish Nation than the other. Men recite this Beracha because they have more Misva obligations than women. Just as we all recite "She'lo Asani Goy" to thank Hashem that we are not gentiles, who have no Misva obligations, and "She'lo Asani Abed," thanking Hashem that we are not servants who have limited Misva obligations, men go further and thank Hashem for the additional Misva obligations that they have as men. Women recite instead the Beracha "She'asani Ki'rsono" – "who has made me according to His will," thanking Hashem for creating them in a way that does not require the same Misva obligations as men. We might draw an analogy to two kings who are crowned on the same day – one of whom inherited the throne from his father, and another who needed to work to earn the appointment as ruler. Both deliver speeches expressing their joy and appreciation for having reached this milestone – one for the privilege of being born into royalty, and the other for having successfully worked to earn his position. Both are equally distinguished, and both are equally grateful, but for different things. Similarly, men recite a Beracha thanking Hashem for the work they are given to achieve spiritual greatness, and women recite a Beracha thanking Hashem for being created in a state of spiritual refinement that does not require as many Misvot as men require. Women recite simply, "Baruch Ata She'asani Ki'rsono," without "Hashem Elokenu Melech Ha'olam." If a woman wishes she can think these words in her mind before concluding "She'asani Ki'rsono." A woman recites the Beracha "She'lo Asani Goya," in the feminine form, instead of "She'lo Asani Goy," and "She'lo Asani Shifha" instead of "She'lo Asani Abed" (as a "Shifha" is a female maidservant). Summary: The Beracha of "She'lo Asani Abed," which thanks Hashem for our being full-fledged Jews, as opposed to servants, is recited even by those in captivity, Heaven forbid. Women recite the Berachot of "She'lo Asani Goy" and "She'lo Asani Abed" in the feminine form: "She'lo Asani Goya," and "She'lo Asani Shifha." Instead of the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Isha," a woman recites "Baruch She'asani Ki'rsono," without "Hashem Elokenu Melech Ha'olam." If a woman wishes she can think these words in her mind before concluding "She'asani Ki'rsono."

One of the Berachot we are required to recite each morning is "She'lo Asani Goy," in which we thank Hashem for making us Jews. We have the great privilege of having been chosen to build a special relationship with G-d, and so the Sages instituted a Beracha to express our gratitude for the gift of being part of G-d's chosen people. There is considerable discussion and debate among the Poskim as to whether this text of the Beracha is indeed the correct text. The Zecher Yehosef (Rav Yosef Zecharya Stern, 1831-1903) noted that the term "Goy" – which means "nation" – is used even in reference to the Jewish People, as in the verse in Dibreh Hayamim I 17:21), "U'mi Ke'amcha Yisrael Goy Ehad Ba'aretz" ("And who is like Your nation, Israel, a singular nation on earth"). Accordingly, the Zecher Yehosef claims that the wording of this blessing was changed by the Church to "Goy" so that it would not be offensive to Christians. The Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav (Rav Schneur Zalman of Liadi, founding Rebbe of Lubavitch, 1745-1812), among others, maintained that the proper text for this Beracha is "She'lo Asani Nochri," substituting the word "Goy" with "Nochri," which means "gentile." The Zecher Yehosef disagreed with this practice, arguing that the word "Nochri" technically means "foreigner," referring even to somebody from a different family or land, and does not necessarily refer to non-Jews. It is reported that the Hafetz Haim (Rav Yisrael Meir Kagan of Radin, 1839-1933) recited this Beracha as "She'lo Asani Obed Kochabim U'mazalot" – specifying that we are not worshippers of foreign deities. Others, however, dismissed this opinion, noting that there are many gentiles who do not worship foreign deities, and we are thankful also for not being among them, for being part of the Jewish Nation. In any event, common practice is to recite the text "She'lo Asani Goy." The explanation might be that although the Jewish People collectively is sometimes called a "Goy," this term used in the context of an individual refers specifically to a gentile. Hence, when we say "She'lo Asani Goy," we mean that Hashem did not make us a non-Jew. The Sedeh Hemed (Rav Haim Hizkiya Medini, 1834-1904) recited the text "She'lo Asani Goy Ke'goyeh Ha'arasot" – "who did not make me a 'Goy' like the nations of the other lands," in order to specify foreign nations. This is not the commonly accepted practice, though one certainly may recite this text, for even if the phrase "She'lo Asani Goy" is correct, adding the words "Ke'goyeh Ha'arasot" does not undermine the Beracha's legitimacy. The Bayit Hadash (Rav Yoel Sirkis, Poland, 1561-1640) raises the question of why this blessing is formulated in the negative form, thanking Hashem for not making us gentiles, rather than thanking Hashem for making us Jewish. One answer, as the Bayit Hadash brings, is based on the Gemara's sobering comment in Masechet Erubin (13), "No'ah Lo La'adam She'lo Nibra Yoter Mi'she'nibra" – "It would have been preferable for a person not to have been created, rather than to have been created." As life presents us with so many opportunities for failure, a person would have been better off having never been brought into this world. As such, it would be incorrect to thank Hashem for "making us" a certain way. The Bayit Hadash rejects this explanation, and suggests a different answer – that if we said "She'asani Yisrael," thanking Hashem for creating us as Jews, we would then be unable to recite the next two blessings – thanking Hashem for not making us a servant ("She'lo Asani Abed") and for not making us a woman "(She'lo Asani Isha"). The term "Yisrael" implies a free, Jewish man, and thus includes the next two Berachot. Hence, the Sages formulated this blessing in the negative form – "She'lo Asani Goy," so that we would be able to recite two additional blessings thanking Hashem for our freedom and for making us male. The Taz (Rav David Segal, 1586-1667) suggests a different answer, explaining that the text "She'asani Yisrael" would give the mistaken impression that only Jewish males have value and significance. Although we are thankful for being Jewish and for being male, we certainly do not believe that those who aren't Jewish, or Jewish women, are unimportant or do not have crucial roles to play in the world. For this reason, the Sages chose not to formulate the blessing as "She'asani Yisrael," and chose the negative form, instead. The Poskim debate the question of whether a Ger (convert) recites this blessing. The Rama (Rav Moshe Isserles, Poland, 1530-1572) maintained that a convert does not recite this Beracha, since he cannot say that Hashem made him a Jew, as he was born a gentile. The Bayit Hadash understood the Rama to mean that a Ger recites instead, "She'asani Yehudi" – "who has made me a Jew." However, the Bayit Hadash disputes this opinion, arguing that it was the convert himself, and not G-d, who turn him into a Jew, as he was born a gentile and then made the decision to become a Jew. Hacham Bension Abba Shaul (Jerusalem, 1924-1998) refutes this challenge, noting that Hashem enabled the convert to become Jewish by establishing the process of conversion. It is thus indeed appropriate for a convert to thank Hashem for "making" him a Jew by making conversion a possibility and assisting him along this process. A different view is brought by the Magen Abraham (Rav Abraham Gombiner, 1633-1683) – that a convert should recite the Beracha "She'asani Ger" – "who made me a convert." The verb "A.S.A." ("make") refers to the motivation to convert, as evidenced by the verse in the Book of Bereshit (12:5), "Ve'et Ha'nefesh Asher Asu Be'Haran" ("and the souls which they made in Haran"), which refers to the idolaters whom Abraham and Sara influenced to convert to monotheism. Others suggested that a Ger should recite the blessing, "She'hichnisani Tahat Kanfeh Ha'shechina" – "who has brought me under the wings of the Shechina," which refers to the process of joining the Jewish Nation. Others maintained that a Ger recites the standard Beracha of "She'lo Asani Goy," because he thanks Hashem for the fact that he is now a Jew. According to Kabbalah, this blessing thanks Hashem for restoring our Jewish soul in the morning, and this is relevant also to converts. Hence, according to this opinion, converts recite the same text as those who were born Jewish. In practice, however, the Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) maintained that a convert should not recite "She'lo Asani Goy" or any variation thereof, noting that the Bet Yosef appears to concur with this ruling. Later Poskim also noted that given the differences of opinion on this subject, we apply the famous rule of "Safek Berachot Le'hakel" – that we do not recite a Beracha when it is uncertain whether it is warranted. Instead, a convert should recite "Baruch Ata She'lo Asani Goy," omitting Hashem's Name. If a woman converted to Judaism while she was pregnant, it is uncertain whether the child has the status of a gentile or of a regular Jew. The child in this case was conceived when the mother was a gentile, but was delivered after she became a Jew, and it is questionable whether the child's status is determined at conception or at birth. Therefore, this child when he grows up should not recite the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Goy," given the different opinions that exist. All opinions agree that a convert recites the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Abed" and (in the case of a male convert) the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Isha." The Mishna Berura explains that a convert must thank Hashem for having been given the opportunity to be free and to be a man, an opportunity which he would not have had if he had been born as a servant or a woman. These three Berachot – "She'lo Asani Goy," "She'lo Asani Abed," and "She'lo Asani Isha" – are to be recited in this sequence. One first thanks Hashem for making him a Jew, then for making him a free person, as opposed to a slave, and then for making him male. A gentile, of course, is not bound by the Torah's commands at all, whereas a servant has already begun the process of becoming a Jew, and is obligated in some Misvot. And a woman, of course, is a full-fledged Jew, though with fewer Misva obligations then men. These three Berachot, then, follow a specific sequence, proceeding gradually from more general to more specific. The Magen Abraham ruled that if a person recited these Berachot out of order – reciting "She'lo Asani Isha" first – then he can no longer recite the other two blessings. The Beracha of "She'lo Asani Isha," as mentioned, is the most specific, and it thus naturally includes the other two. Meaning, once a person thanks Hashem for making him a man with numerous Misva opportunities, he in effect thanks Hashem also for not making him a gentile – who has no Misva obligations – or a servant – who has relatively few Misva obligations. This resembles the situation addressed by the Poskim where a person recited the Beracha of "Zokef Kefufim" – thanking Hashem for the ability to stand up straight – before reciting the Beracha of "Matir Asurim," which thanks Hashem for the ability to move our limbs. According to some opinions, the person in this case can then not recite "Matur Asurim," because the ability to move our limbs is included in the ability to stand up straight. (This is, in fact, the Halacha.) By the same token, the Magen Abraham writes, a person who recited "She'lo Asani Isha" before reciting "She'lo Asani Goy" and "She'lo Asani Abed" does not then recite those two blessings. However, the Mishna Berura cites the Elya Rabba (Rav Eliyahu Shapira, Prague, 1660-1712) as disagreeing with this ruling, and maintaining that the Berachot of "She'lo Asani Goy" and "She'lo Asani Abed" may be recited even after "She'lo Asani Isha." The Taz explains that the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Isha" does not necessarily cover the other two blessings, because a servant and a gentile have certain advantages over a Jewish woman, in that they have the possibility of becoming a full-fledged Jewish male. Therefore, even after reciting "She'lo Asani Isha," one still has reason to thank Hashem for not making him a servant or a gentile. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam, cites a large number of Poskim who follow this second opinion, that "She'lo Asani Goy" and "She'lo Asani Abed" may be recited after "She'lo Asani Isha." (These include the Elya Rabba, the Taz, the Peri Hadash, the Mateh Yehuda, the Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav, the Peri Megadim, Rabbi Akiva Eger and the Shalmeh Sibur.) Therefore, as this is clearly the consensus view, this opinion should be followed, and one who mistakenly recited "She'lo Asani Isha" before "She'lo Asani Goy" and "She'lo Asani Abed" may still recite those two Berachot. Summary: A Ger (convert), who was not born Jewish, should not recite the full text of the Beracha of "She'lo Asani Goy," and should recite instead, "Baruch Ata She'lo Asani Goy," omitting Hashem's Name. The Berachot of "She'lo Asani Goy," "She'lo Asani Abed" and "She'lo Asani Isha" should be recited in that specific sequence. Nevertheless, if one recited one of the later blessings first, he still recites the others.

One of morning blessings we are required to recite each day is "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" – "who Has made for me all that I need." This Beracha expresses gratitude for the ability to wear shoes, as it is only because we have shoes that we can go about and do all that we need to do. On a personal note, I gained greater appreciation for this Beracha after a bizarre experience I had during a trip to Mexico City. I was invited by the Syrian-Jewish community there to come as a guest speaker, and I stayed in a hotel. In the hotel room, I noticed that the hotel offered a shoe-polishing service, whereby the guest gives in his shoes before going to sleep, and they are placed outside his door freshly-polished the next morning. I gave in my shoes, but the next morning, after I got dressed, they were not by my door. I had no choice but to go down the lobby – where the leaders of the community were meeting me to bring me to the synagogue – without my shoes. I explained to them what happened, and we spoke to the hotel staff. They brought me to the room where the shoes are kept, and I had to rummage through piles of shoes for quite some time until I found mine. That morning, I understood the significance of this Beracha that we recite each morning – "She'asa Li Kol Sorki." We tend to take it for granted that we can put on shoes every morning, but this is, in truth, a wonderful gift that we must appreciate. This message applies as well to the Beracha of "Malbish Arumim" which we recite each morning to thank Hashem for having clothing. This blessing, too, should never be taken for granted. Every so often it happens that a fire breaks out in a home or building during the night, forcing the residents to go outside in their bathrobes, as all their clothing goes up in flames. We must always appreciate the fact that Hashem provides us with clothing and shoes to wear each and every day. Grammatically, the word "She'asa" in the phrase "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" should be pronounced with the emphasis on the second syllable: "She-A-sa." This Beracha is unique in that it is formulated in the past tense – "She'asa" ("who has made"), as opposed to the present tense – "Ha'oseh" ("who makes"). The reason why this Beracha is formulated in the present tense might be that people sometimes recognize how Hashem has fulfilled their needs only in retrospect, after the fact. Often, things happen in life that make us feel that Hashem is specifically not fulfilling our needs, that He is ignoring us, or withholding our necessities from us. For example, when a person loses his job, or when his business takes a downturn, he might not recognize how "Oseh Lo Kol Sorki," that G-d is currently taking care of him. But later, when he finds a better job, or when he finds a different business opportunity, he realizes that everything was for the best, and that Hashem was always doing what was best for Him. Therefore, it is only afterward when we can look back and say, "She'asa Li Kol Sorki," recognizing in hindsight that Hashem was caring for us all along, even when it seemed like He wasn't. Our custom is to recite the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" after the Beracha of "Ha'mechin Mis'adeh Gaber" (as opposed the custom to reverse the order). Furthermore, we pronounce the final word of this blessing "Sorki," and not "Sorkai." There are two days on the Jewish calendar – Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur – when Halacha forbids wearing regular shoes. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Vayesheb, thus writes that the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" is not recited on these days. Since this Beracha expresses gratitude for the ability to wear shoes, it is omitted on days when wearing shoes is forbidden. Citing the Sha'ar Ha'kavanot, the Ben Ish Hai explains that although the Arizal taught that there are deep mystical concepts underlying the morning blessings, and their meaning thus extends beyond the actual phenomena which they mention, nevertheless, this is relevant only when other Jews benefit these phenomena. If a person himself does not benefit from a certain phenomenon mentioned by one of the Birkot Ha'shahar, he nevertheless recites that Beracha because others are benefitting. On Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, however, nobody is allowed to wear shoes, and so the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" cannot be recited. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in a responsum in Yabia Omer, questions this ruling of the Ben Ish Hai, presenting several reasons why this Beracha should be recited even on days when wearing shoes is forbidden. Firstly, Halacha permits wearing shoes on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur to protect against potential harm, such as if there may be scorpions on the ground where one walks. Therefore, we indeed benefit from the protection provided by shoes even on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur. Secondly, we recite Birkot Ha'shahar to thank Hashem for "Minhago Shel Olam" – the natural order which He created that allows us to live and function, irrespective of whether we actually benefit from these phenomena on a particular day. Therefore, even on days when we do not wear shoes, we should thank Hashem for the blessing of shoes from which people normally benefit. Another argument is that Halacha does not forbid all shoes on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, only those made from leather. Therefore, there is reason to recite the Beracha of "She'asa Lo Kol Sorki" even on these days. Additionally, at night, after the conclusion of Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, we are permitted to wear shoes, and as Birkot Ha'shahar are recited only in the morning, they clearly cover the entire day and also the following night. Hence, even if we would understand Birkot Ha'shahar as expressing gratitude for the benefit we receive, we should still recite "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" on Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Ab, because we can wear shoes at night. (The Gaon of Vilna had the practice of reciting "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" when he put on his shoes upon the conclusion of Yom Kippur. We, however, follow the view that Birkot Ha'shahar can be recited only during the day, and the Beracha covers the rest of the day and the following night.) Finally, whereas the Arizal maintained that Birkot Ha'shahar thank Hashem specifically for the blessings that He grants us, the Jewish Nation, others, including Rabbenu Nissim, felt that these Berachot refer to the natural order that benefits all mankind. Hence, even though Jews do not wear shoes on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" should perhaps be recited since gentiles benefit from shoes on these days. Indeed, Rav Yosef Karo (author of the Shulhan Aruch, 1488-1575), in one of his published responsa (Abkat Rochel, 54), writes explicitly that the accepted custom is to recite the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" even on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, and emphasizes that this custom should be followed. Accordingly, Hacham Ovadia Yosef ruled that if somebody asks whether or not to recite this Beracha on Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, he should be told not to recite it, given the different views that exist. If, however, a person does recite the Beracha, he should not be corrected, because this practice has strong Halachic basis. This ruling of Hacham Ovadia appears in the first edition of Yalkut Yosef (p. 55). But in a later work – Halichot Olam (vol. 1, p. 53) – the Hacham changed his position, and ruled that the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" should be recited on Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Ab. This was his final ruling, and this is the Halacha that should be followed. Hacham Ovadia's son, Hacham David Yosef, writes in Halacha Berura that his father would make a point of wearing his regular leather shoes at night after Tisha B'Ab and Yom Kippur, in order to strengthen the case for reciting the Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" on these days. It goes without saying that a mourner, Heaven forbid, recites "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" even though he does not wear regular shoes, since everybody else is wearing shoes. Summary: The Beracha of "She'asa Li Kol Sorki" – which thanks Hashem for the gift of shoes – should be recited after the Beracha of "Ha'mechin Mis'adeh Gaber." The emphasis in the word "She'asa" should be on the second syllable ("She-A-sa"). We pronounce the final word "Sorki," and not "Sorkai." The Beracha should be recited even on days when shoes are not worn – during mourning, on Tisha B'Ab, and on Yom Kippur.

One of the morning blessings (Birkot Ha'shahar) which we recite each day is "Ha'mechin Mis'adeh Gaber" – "…who prepares the steps of man." Some commentators explain that this Beracha praises Hashem for allowing us to walk upright, on two legs, as opposed to animals, who walk on four legs, their bodies hunched. Others understand this Beracha to mean that Hashem guides and directs each and every one of our steps, bringing us at all times to precisely where we need to be. We never take a "wrong turn," and we never end up in the "wrong place." Wherever we find ourselves at any moment is the exact place where Hashem wanted us to be at that exact moment. This is a crucial aspect of Emuna (faith) – the belief that we are always precisely where we are supposed to be at that time, that Hashem is constantly directing us, even when it seems that we are not in the right place. According to some commentators, this is what we thank Hashem for each morning when we recite the Beracha of "Ha'mechin Mis'adeh Gaber." This Beracha concludes with the word "Gaber," a variation of the word "Geber" – "man." Some suggest that this word refers specifically to Jews, as it is an acrostic representing the words "Gomleh Hasadim" (performers of kindness), "Bayshanim" (people with shame), and "Rahmanim" (compassionate people) – the three qualities which, the Gemara teaches, characterize the Jewish Nation. The word "Geber" is changed to "Gaber" because of a rule of Hebrew grammar – that at the end of a word or clause, the "Segol" vowel is changed to a "Kamatz" vowel. Thus, for example, when the word "Kesef" (money) appears at the end of a verse, it is changed to "Kasef." Similarly, the word "Geber" is changed to "Gaber" when it is the final word of a Beracha. (Another Beracha we recite each morning is "She'lo Asani Abed" – and there, too, the word "Ebed" is changed to "Abed" because it appears at the end of the Beracha.) This is why Ashkenazim have the practice to pronounce the blessing recited over wine "Boreh Peri Ha'gafen." Whereas Sephardic custom is to pronounce the final word of this Beracha "Ha'gefen," Ashkenazim pronounce it "Ha'gafen" because it is the last word of the blessing. Hacham Ovadia explained the Sephardic custom based on the fact that the Beracha over wine is generally recited in the presence of other people, who answer "Amen" to the Beracha. Since the people answer "Amen," the Beracha actually ends with "Amen," and not with the word "Ha'gefen." Therefore, it is not changed to "Ha'gafen." This is in contrast to Birkot Ha'shahar, which are usually recited at home, in private, with nobody around to answer "Amen," and so the Beracha ends with the word "Gaber." Some recite the text "Asher Hechin Mis'adeh Gaber," in past tense, but we follow the custom to recite this blessing in the present tense – "Ha'mechin Misa'adeh Gaber."

We are to begin our day, each day of our lives, by expressing our gratitude to Hashem for all the blessings He has granted us. Immediately upon awakening, we recite "Modeh Ani," thanking Hashem for restoring our souls, and we are then required to recite a series of Berachot known as "Birkot Ha'shahar" – the morning blessings. These Berachot thank Hashem for our ability to open our eyes to see, the ability to get out of bed and walk, and other basic functions of the body. They also thank Hashem for spiritual blessings, such as His having chosen us and given us the Torah. As parents, we know how much it means when a child expresses gratitude. The more our children acknowledge what we do for them and thank us, the more we want to do for them. But when children act ungratefully, and do not thank their parents, the parents will be less inclined to give them what they want. We are Hashem's children, and we owe Him an enormous debt of gratitude for the countless blessings He gives us each day, starting with life itself. The more we thank Him for the blessings we have received, the more He will continue blessing us. We therefore thank Hashem each morning for some of the precious gifts that He has given us. Rav Natrunai Gaon (9 th century, Babylonia) traces the origins of the Birkot Ha'shahar to the obligation to recite one hundred Berachot each day. This obligation was taught as a "Halacha Le'Moshe Mi'Sinai" – a law that Moshe heard at Mount Sinai and has since been transmitted orally from one generation to the next. In ancient times, there were no fixed Berachot, and everyone was expected to recite Berachot on his own, until reaching a total of one hundred each day. However, without a fixed text of Berachot, and without specific Berachot required at certain times and on certain occasions, people became lax, and failed to recite the obligatory one hundred Berachot. In fact, the Midrash relates that when a devastating plague ravaged the Jewish Nation during the time of King David, killing one hundred people a day, King David determined that this was caused by the people's failure to fulfill this obligation of reciting one hundred Berachot every day. He therefore issued an edict to ensure that people recite the required number of Berachot, and the plague suddenly stopped. Still, this obligation was not always fulfilled. Therefore, the Ansheh Kenesset Ha'gedola (Men of the Great Assembly), a group of scholars and prophets that was formed at the beginning of the Second Commonwealth, established fixed Berachot that we are required to recite every day, thus ensuring that we recite one hundred blessings over the course of the day. Included in these Berachot are the eighteen Birkot Ha'shahar that we must recite each morning. Indeed, the Shulhan Aruch discusses the Birkot Ha'shahar in the same Siman (chapter) in which he mentions the obligation to recite one hundred Berachot each day – indicating that, as Rav Natrunai Gaon explained, the Birkot Ha'shahar are related to this obligation. They were instituted to help ensure that a person recites the required amount of Berachot every day. As mentioned earlier, underlying the requirement of Birkot Ha'shahar is our debt of gratitude to Hashem. Not surprisingly, we find a close connection between the obligation to recite one hundred Berachot each day and the concept of gratitude. First, the 100 th chapter of Tehillim is the chapter "Mizmor Le'toda" – the song which was sung to express gratitude to Hashem, thus establishing an association between the number 100 and gratitude. And, the first two letters of the word "Modim" ("We thank") are Mem and Vav, which together in Gematria equal 46 – the Siman in the Shulhan Aruch that speaks of the obligation of one hundred Berachot. We might wonder, why is it necessary to recite these Berachot each and every day? Why does it not suffice for us to occasionally praise and thank Hashem for all He gives us and does for us? An important answer to this question is offered by the Rashba (Rav Shlomo Ben Aderet, Barcelona, Spain, 1235-1310). He writes that every morning, we must see ourselves as born anew. As the verse says (Echa 3:23), "Hadashim La'bekarim, Rabba Emunatecha" – G-d performs great kindnesses for us each and every morning by restoring our consciousness, by giving us a new day, showing us His trust in our capacity to achieve and accomplish. Yesterday's blessings do not suffice today, because today we have been created anew, and so we must express gratitude to G-d anew. The Berachot that comprise Birkot Ha'shahar thank Hashem for many things – such as our vision, our ability to stand up straight and walk, our clothing, our having been chosen by Hashem – but does not appear to be exhaustive. Rav Haim Palachi (Turkey, 1788-1868) raised the question of why the Sages did not institute a Beracha thanking Hashem for the ability to speak. It goes without saying that the faculty of speech is one of the human being's most important capabilities. In fact, the Torah says that when G-d created Adam, He infused within Him "Nishmat Haim" – "a living soul" (Bereshit 2:7), and Targum Onkelos translates this expression to mean "Ru'ah Memalela" – "a spirit that speaks." The power of speech can be said to be our defining characteristic, the quality that distinguishes the human being from other creatures in the animal kingdom. Why, then, do we not have a special blessing thanking Hashem for this most precious gift? An answer to this question appears in the work Petah Ha'debir by Rav Binyamin Pontremoli (Turkey, d. 1784). He notes the aforementioned verse, and Onkelos' translation, which teaches us that the faculty of speech is a function of the Neshama, the human soul. Now the Sages instituted as one of the Birkot Ha'shahar a special Beracha thanking Hashem for the soul which He has given us – the blessing of "Elokai Neshama." Hence, as the ability to speak stems from the Neshama, this Beracha which thanks Hashem for giving us our soul also thanks Hashem for the power of speech. (It would thus seem that if parents have a child who, G-d forbid, is not developing the ability to speak, or struggles with speech issues, they should have special intention when reciting the Beracha of "Elokai Neshama," and have in mind the child's soul through which they wish that he develop the faculty of speech.) Moreover, Rav David Abudarham (Spain, 14 th century), in explaining the Beracha of "Elokai Neshama," cites the verse in Tehillim (115:17), "Lo Ha'metim Yehalelu Y-ah" – "It is not the dead that will praise G-d." Once a person's soul is taken, he is no longer able to express Hashem's praises. Rav Abudarham notes the implication of this verse that the primary purpose of speech is to praise G-d. (This is indicated in the text of "Elokai Neshama," in which we say, "As long as the soul is within me, I give thanks before You…") Accordingly, it stands to reason that when we recite "Elokai Neshama" and give thanks to Hashem for giving us a soul, this includes an expression of gratitude for our ability to speak. A second answer to this question was offered by Rav Shmuel Alexander Unsdorfer (1920-2002), who explained that we express gratitude for the faculty of speech by reciting Birkat Ha'Torah – the blessing over Torah learning. The Misva of learning Torah includes the obligation to speak words of Torah and to transmit them to others, and so when we thank Hashem for this precious Misva, we automatically thank Him also for the gift of speech. A different question was asked regarding the omission of the faculty of hearing from the Birkot Ha'shahar. Clearly, our hearing is exceedingly important. In fact, if somebody injured another person and caused him to lose his hearing, he must pay compensation for the damages. Why, then, is this capability not included in our morning blessings? One answer given is that the ability to hear is included in the Beracha of "Ha'noten La'sechvi Bina Le'havhin Ben Yom U'ben Layla" – thanking Hashem for granting the rooster the knowledge to crow in the morning, thus waking people up. Of course, the rooster's crow is effective in waking people only because of the ability to hear, and so this Beracha implicitly expresses gratitude for the sense of hearing. Another answer is that the morning blessings thank Hashem only for those abilities which we lost, as it were, during the night when we slept, and were restored in the morning. Thus, for example, we thank Hashem for restoring our vision after our eyes were closed throughout the night, and for allowing us to get out of bed, stand upright and walk, after we spent the night lying down. Our sense of hearing, however, is unaffected by sleep; we can still hear while sleeping, and so this capability is not included in Birkot Ha'shahar. (Interestingly, the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in his work Mi'kavse'el, cites a Rabbi who wanted to apply this theory to explain why we do not recite a Beracha over the ability to speak. This Rabbi noted that some people talk in their sleep, and so this capability is not technically "lost" at night, such that we should give thanks for it when we wake up in the morning. The Ben Ish Hai dismissed this answer, noting that some people sleepwalk, and yet we still recite each morning the Beracha of "Ha'mechin Mis'adeh Gaber," thanking Hashem for the ability to walk. One might, however, distinguish between talking in one's sleep and sleepwalking, as a person who sleepwalks is not actually sleeping as he walks, whereas those who talk in their sleep really are still asleep and have not woken up to talk.) The Sefer Hasidim (Rabbenu Yehuda Ha'hasid, Germany, 1150-1217) writes that he once met an exceptionally pious individual who recited additional blessings each morning, thanking Hashem for each and every part of the body, and the Sefer Hasidim expressed great admiration for this practice. He noted the verse in Tehillim (84:3), "Libi U'bsari Yeranenu El Kel Hai" – "My heart and my flesh shall sing praise to the living G-d" – implying that each and every part of the body which functions properly is a sufficient reason to give praise to Hashem. A different verse in Tehillim (35:10) states, "Kol Asmotai Tomarna, Hashem Mi Kamocha" – "All my bones shall declare: G-d, who is like you?" Indeed, it is worthwhile to express our gratitude to the Almighty for each and every limb and organ in the body. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806), in his commentary to Sefer Hasidim, asserts that this righteous man could not have actually recited additional Berachot, for a Beracha that was not instituted by the Sages constitutes a Beracha Le'batala – a Beracha recited in vain, which is forbidden. Undoubtedly, this man expressed his gratitude to Hashem for all his working body parts without reciting formal Berachot. By contrast, Rav Meir Mazuz (1945-2025) suggested that this righteous man followed the opinion that one is permitted to create his own Beracha to give praise to Hashem. In any event, the truth is that we do not need additional Berachot – formal or informal – to express our gratitude to Hashem for everything in our body that works properly. The Tur (Rabbenu Yaakov Ben Asher, Spain, 1270-1340) notes that in the Beracha of "Asher Yasar," which one recites after using the restroom, we say that Hashem created "Halulim Halulim" (hollow spaces in the body). The Gematria of the word "Halulim," the Tur observes, is 124, and we recite this word twice, for a total of 248 – the number of limbs and organs in a person's body. This expression, then, alludes to all our body parts. Thus, when we recite "Asher Yasar," we give thanks to Hashem not only for the wondrous ability to eliminate the waste from our body, but also for each and every body part. The Rishonim (Medieval scholars) debate the question of whether a person recites a Beracha that is not applicable to him, because he unfortunately does not have the ability for which that Beracha gives thanks. For example, does a blind person recite the Beracha of "Poke'ah Ivrim," in which we thank Hashem for the gift of vision? The Rambam (Hilchot Tefila 7:7-8) writes explicitly that a person recites each of these Berachot only after performing the action referred to by that Beracha. For example, after standing upright, one recites the Beracha of "Zokef Kefufim" ("Who makes the bent upright"), and after getting dressed, one recites the Beracha of "Malbish Arumim" ("Who clothes the naked"). The Rambam writes that if, for whatever reason, a person did not experience that which a given Beracha speaks of, then he does not recite that Beracha. In the Rambam's opinion, the Birkot Ha'shahar resemble the Berachot recited over food, which one recites only when eating. By the same token, one recites each of the morning blessings only after receiving the benefit for which each blessing gives praise. The Shulhan Aruch follows this opinion. By contrast, the Kolbo (anonymous work from the period of the Rishonim), citing several of the Geonim, writes that every person recites all the Birkot Ha'shahar, regardless of whether or not he personally experiences these phenomena. According to this opinion, the morning blessings express gratitude not for one's personal experience, but rather for the general phenomena mentioned by these Berachot. Even if one is not, Heaven forbid, able to see, for example, he still recites the Beracha of "Poke'ah Ivrim" to praise Hashem for the phenomenon of vision. Common practice follows this view of the Kolbo. One of the interesting questions asked regarding the Birkot Ha'shahar relates to the Halachic principle that applies in situations of a "Beracha Semucha La'haveratah" – a Beracha which is recited immediately following another Beracha. Normally, when a Beracha is recited right after another Beracha, it does not begin with the word "Baruch." Thus, for example, the text of Birkat Ha'mazon consists of four Berachot recited in immediate succession of one another, and thus only the first Beracha begins with "Baruch." The three subsequent Berachot are covered, so-to-speak, by the "Baruch" which begins the first Beracha, and so they do not require the introductory word "Baruch." In the Amida prayer, too, only the first Beracha begins with the word "Baruch," whereas all the subsequent Berachot do not, because they are recited immediately after the first Beracha. When it comes to Birkot Ha'shahar, however, the blessings all begin with the word "Baruch," despite the fact that they are recited as a series of Berachot, one right after the other. Tosafot in Masechet Berachot (46) offer two answers. First, they explain, unlike the blessings of Birkat Ha'mazon and the Amida, the blessings of Birkot Ha'shahar were not instituted as a series of Berachot. The Sages did not require reciting them together in a particular sequence. As we saw, the Rambam maintained that one recites each Beracha as he experiences the phenomenon referred to by each Beracha, and the Rambam writes explicitly that there is no set order for these Berachot. The rule of "Beracha Semucha La'haveratah," Tosafot write, applies only to a series of Berachot which were instituted to be recited together in a particular order, and so it does not apply to Birkot Ha'shahar. Secondly, Tosafot suggest, this rule applies only to relatively lengthy Berachot, such as the Berachot of Birkat Ha'mazon and the Amida. The Birkot Ha'shahar, however, are very brief, and thus they require the introduction of "Baruch Ata Hashem." A person should not unnecessarily get involved in other matters before reciting the Birkot Ha'shahar. Ideally, the Hesed La'alafim (Rav Eliezer Papo, 1785-1827) writes, the first words that come out of a person's mouth in the morning should be words of praise and gratitude to Hashem. One should not write text messages, make phone calls and the like before reciting the morning blessings. The Kaf Ha'haim (Rav Yaakov Haim Sofer, Baghdad-Jerusalem, 1870-1939) warns that according to the Kabbalah, unnecessarily delaying the recitation of Birkot Ha'shahar has the effect of allowing the Kelipot (negative spiritual energies) access to the person's soul, which can cause great harm. One should not be doing anything else while reciting a Beracha. This applies not only to Birkot Ha'shahar, but to all blessings that we recite. The Ben Ish Hai writes that "Lo Tiheyeh Ka'zot Be'Yisrael" – it should never happen that a Jew recites a Beracha while being involved in some other activity. And the Ben Ish Hai laments the fact that many people make this mistake. One common example is Netilat Yadayim – many people mistakenly recite the Beracha while drying their hands. One must ensure not to begin reciting the Beracha of "Al Netilat Yadayim" until after he finished drying his hands. Another common mistake is people reciting Birkot Ha'shahar while rushing to get to shul. This is improper. One should recite a Beracha while standing in place and doing nothing else, focusing his attention fully on the Beracha. The Taz (Rav David Ha'levi Segal, Poland, 1586-1667) writes that one who recites a Beracha while performing other activities is included in the Torah's harsh warnings against serving Hashem "Be'keri" – in a casual, haphazard manner, without focus and attentiveness. Rav Chaim Brim (1922-2002) tells that he once went to visit Rav Moshe Yehoshua Landau in the middle of the night. Rav Landau was in the restroom when he arrived, and so he waited. When Rav Landau came out, he recited the Beracha of "Asher Yasar" without realizing that he was being watched. Rav Brim said that at 2am, without realizing that anyone was around, Rav Landau recited "Asher Yasar" with greater concentration and emotion than most people have while reciting Ne'ila in the synagogue on Yom Kippur. We start our day by thanking Hashem for all the great blessings He has granted us. I had the occasion during my trips to Israel to visit Israeli soldiers who, unfortunately, sustained injuries that necessitated the amputation of limbs. They do not have the ability that the rest of having to easily get out of bed and move about. We need to appreciate these great blessings that Hashem gives us anew each morning, and try, as much as possible, to recite the Berachot with thought and concentration, truly appreciating all that Hashem does for us.

Once, as I was giving a class about the halachot of Tishah B'Av, I mentioned the law regarding work on this day – that Halachah permits working on Tishah B'Av, but the Rabbis teach that one who does so will not see blessing from his efforts. Although work is permitted, we are warned that no blessing will result from work performed on Tishah B'Av. As I was teaching this halachah , it dawned on me that Tishah B'Av is one of two days on the Jewish calendar when working is allowed but will not bring berachah , the other being Purim. I started thinking, what do these two occasions have in common? Why specifically on these days are we advised that although working is allowed, it will not bring us blessing? The answer, I believe, is that these are the two days when we are commanded to feel the "mood" of the Jewish People. Halachah teaches משנכנס אדר מרבים בשמחה – we all increase our joy when the month of Adar begins, and משנכנס אב ממעטים בשמחה – we all decrease our joy when the month of Av begins. Purim and Tishah B'Av are days marked by a national mood. Jews across the world are happy and jovial on Purim; and Jews across the world are sad and somber on Tishah B'Av. If somebody goes to work, as though it's just a normal day, he is separating himself from the Jewish People. He's too preoccupied with his own affairs to participate in the nation's joy, or in the nation's pain. And when we separate from Am Yisrael , when we're too focused on ourselves to think about the rest of the nation, there's no berachah , there's no blessing. One of the races in the Olympics every four years is the 4 X 100 meters relay. Each nation is represented in this race by four runners, each of whom runs for 100 meters and then passes the baton onto the next runner. For decades, the United States consistently won the gold medal for this race, because it has the fastest runners. More recently, however, the U.S. has had less success – not because its runners aren't as fast, but because they haven't been able to pass the baton smoothly to the next runner. As Jews, our job is not only to "run fast," to reach the finish line ourselves, but also to "pass the baton" to the people around us. Our "race" is not only individual, but national. We need to run together. And this means that we can't just be looking out for ourselves. We need to be looking out for one another. Rabbis aren't the only ones saying this. Our bitterest enemies are saying this, too. Sapir Cohen is a young woman who was captured by Hamas terrorists on October 7, 2023, and released 55 days later. She has since shared that at some point before she was freed, the terrorists who held her captive showed her the news reports on TV. She saw the vigils being held in "Hostage Square" in Tel-Aviv, attended by Israelis from all backgrounds, spanning the political spectrum. She noticed that this was not the same Israel as the country she lived in on October 6 th – a country that was bitterly divided. Her captor told her that the fierce in-fighting among Israelis before October 7 th encouraged them, the terrorists. They knew that when Israelis are fighting with one another, they are so much weaker and so much more vulnerable. They saw the fighting and felt confident that their attack could succeed. משנכנס אב ממעטים בשמחה . On Tishah B'Av, we mourn together – because we need to rebuild together. In order to recover from the hurban (destruction), in order to bring our final redemption, we need to "pass the baton" to one another. It's not enough for each person to decide what he needs to do personally, which mitzvot he needs to observe better, which personal improvements he needs to make. Of course this is very important. But we need to do more than that. We need to remember to "pass the baton," to look around at all our fellow Jews, no matter how different they are from us and from each other, and extend a hand. We need to run this race not alone, but as a nation, and this means reaching out to every fellow Jew in need and to feel closely bonded and connected to the entire Jewish Nation.

2/4 Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West Hardcover – March 18, 2025  by  Josh Hammer  (Author) 1898 GAZA

SHOW SCHEDULE 7-29-25 THE SHOW BEGINS IN THE BULL MARKET FRETTING ABOUT UNSEEN INFLATION AND UNKNOWN FALSEHOODS... 1952 CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR FIRST HOUR 9:00-9:15 #MARKETS: MARKETS CLIMB WORRY. LIZ PEEK, THE HILL, FOX NEWS AND FOX BUSINESS 9:15-9:30 #MARKETS: PROGRESSIVES DOUBLE. LIZ PEEK, THE HILL, FOX NEWS AND FOX BUSINESS 9:30-9:45 DAMASCUS JIHADISTS AND THE DRUZE. HUSSAIN ABDUL-HUSSAIN, FDD 9:45-10:00 SERBIA AND RUSSIA. IVANA STRADNER, FDD SECOND HOUR 10:00-10:15 #STATETHINKING: CANDID STATESEC RUBIO. @MARYKISSEL, FORMER SENIOR ADVISER TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, EXECUTIVE VP STEPHENS INC. 10:15-10:30 #STATETHINKING: UNCHANGING PUTIN OF THE KGB. @MARYKISSEL, FORMER SENIOR ADVISER TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, EXECUTIVE VP STEPHENS INC. 10:30-10:45 UNIVERSITY FACULTIES AND LIBERAL EDUCATION. PETER BERKOWITZ, HOOVER 10:45-11:00 UNIVERSITY FACULTIES AND LIBERAL EDUCATION. PETER BERKOWITZ (CONTINUED) THIRD HOUR 11:00-11:15 1/4 "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" (Hardcover – March 18, 2025) by Josh Hammer 11:15-11:30 2/4 "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" (Hardcover – March 18, 2025) by Josh Hammer 11:30-11:45 3/4 "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" (Hardcover – March 18, 2025) by Josh Hammer 11:45-12:00 4/4 "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" (Hardcover – March 18, 2025) by Josh Hammer FOURTH HOUR 12:00-12:15 AUKUS UPDATED FROM PERTH. GREGORY COPLEY, DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS 12:15-12:30 TAIWAN SNUB GAME ON. GREGORY COPLEY, DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS 12:30-12:45 ANOTHER TRUMP TO PUTIN ULTIMATUM. GREGORY COPLEY, DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS 12:45-1:00 KING CHARLES REPORT, STATE VISIT FRETTING. GREGORY COPLEY, DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS Main corrections:

4/4 Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West Hardcover – March 18, 2025  by  Josh Hammer  (Author) 1950 BEERSHEBA

3/4 Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West Hardcover – March 18, 2025  by  Josh Hammer  (Author) 1910 GAZA

1/4 Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West Hardcover – March 18, 2025 by  Josh Hammer  (Author) 1862 SAMSON'S GATE

The Gemara in Masechet Ta'anit (29b) states that if a Jew has a court case against a gentile, he should try to avoid scheduling the case for the month of Ab, which is a time when our nation's "Mazal" ("luck") is compromised. He should instead try to schedule the hearing for the joyous month of Adar, which is a time of good "Mazal" for the Jewish Nation. A number of commentators raised the question of how to reconcile this teaching with the rule famously established by the Gemara elsewhere, in Masechet Shabbat (156a), "En Mazal Le'Yisrael" – the Jewish Nation is not governed by the forces of "Mazal" that affect the rest of the world. If, indeed, three is no such thing as "Mazal" as far as Am Yisrael is concerned, then why are we told that we have good "Mazal" during Adar and poor "Mazal" during Ab? The Ritba (Rav Yom Tob of Seville, Spain, 1250-1330) answers that Adar and Ab are exceptions to the rule. Although the Jewish Nation is generally not subject to the forces of "Mazal," Hashem decreed that these influences indeed affect us during these two months. Alternatively, the Ritba suggests, the Jewish People are indeed not influenced at all by "Mazal" at any time, and the Gemara in Ta'anit borrows the term "Mazal" to refer to Hashem's governance of His nation during the months of Adar and Ab. During Adar, He deals with us more graciously and compassionately, whereas in Ab, He deals with us more strictly and exactingly, and this is the Gemara's intent when it speaks of the "Mazal" during these months. A different answer was offered in light of Tosafot's comments to the Gemara's teaching "En Mazal Le'Yisrael." Tosafot explain that indeed, we, like all people on earth, are subject to the powers of "Mazal," but we have the ability to negate these forces through the merits of our Misvot. Accordingly, the Gemara in Maseches Ta'anit might be understood to mean that we require additional merits to overcome the harsh "Mazal" of the month of Ab. We are never helplessly at the mercy of "Mazal," as we always have the ability to earn Hashem's favor through out merits irrespective of our "Mazal," but during the month of Ab this is somewhat more difficult. In conclusion, it is worth noting the Gemara's startling comment in Masechet Mo'ed Katan (28a) that a person's lifespan, his ability to beget children, and his livelihood depend not on his merits, but rather on "Mazal." This seems to explicitly contradict the aforementioned rule of "En Mazal Le'Yisrael." In truth, however, Rav Menahem Meiri (Provence, 1249-1315) comments that the Gemara's statement in Mo'ed Katan reflects a minority view among the Sages, and has been resoundingly rejected. Therefore, the Meiri writes, one should never cease praying for everything he needs and wants, because our merits and G-d's mercy can overcome any "Mazal." Hacham Ovadia Yosef noted that the Rambam similarly followed this view, firmly stating that we are not affected at all by the forces of astrology. This is the position taken by many other Rabbis, as well. Until when specifically should a person delay his court hearing? The Magen Abraham (Rav Abraham Gombiner, Poland, 1635-1682) writes (551:1) in the name of Rabbenu Yeruham (Provence, 1290-1350) that one should delay the hearing until the onset of the month of Elul. According to this view, the inauspicious quality of the month of Ab extends throughout the entire month. By contrast, Rav Levi Yitzhak of Berditchev (1740-1809), in his work Kedushat Levi (Parashat Va'et'hanan) writes that the Gemara refers only to the first half of the month. Starting from the 15 th of Ab – Tu B'Av, which is a festive day – the remainder of the month is not considered inauspicious. Accordingly, some have ruled that already from Tu B'Ab there is no concern going to court. An allusion to this concept is the configuration of the divine Name associated with this month. The Kabbalists teach that the four letters that comprise the Name of "Havaya" (spelled Yod, Heh, Vav and Heh) can be arranged in twelve different sequences, and each sequence is associated with a different month. The month of Tammuz is associated with the reverse spelling – Heh, Vav, Heh and Yod – and this month is thus a month of calamity. The month of Ab is associated with the spelling Heh, Vav, Yod and Heh – with the first two letters reversed, and the second two letters in proper sequence. This alludes to the fact that the first half of the month of Ab is one of misfortune and tragedy, but the second half – starting from Tu B'Ab – is joyous. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Hazon Ovadia (p. 166), follows a third view, based on a passage in the Zohar (Yitro, 78b) stating that Esav took control of the month of Tammuz and the first nine days of the month of Ab. According to the Zohar, it seems, it is only through Tisha B'Ab that one should avoid a court hearing against a gentile, but already from the 10 th of Ab there is no concern. This is, indeed, the view of the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Debarim, 1). Summary: The Gemara teaches that a person who has a court case against a gentile should try to avoid scheduling the hearing for the month of Ab, which is a time of bad "Mazal." The commentators clarified that this does not mean we are helplessly subject to the forces of astrology and the like. We are always able to earn G-d's favor and compassion through prayer and good deeds, but in the month of Ab He deals with us somewhat more harshly, making it more difficult to earn His kindness. Different views exist as to when specifically one should avoid going to court. Hacham Ovadia Yosef rules that the concern is only through Tisha B'Ab; starting already on the 10 th of the Ab, one may go to court without any worry.

Bringing Am Yisrael Together We read in Parashat Matot of the request made by the tribes of Reuven and Gad to permanently settle in the region east of the Jordan River. Beneh Yisrael had captured this territory from the kingdoms of Sihon and Og, and Reuven and Gad – who owned lots of livestock – saw that this land had vast amounts of pasture which was well-suited for their herds. They thus approached Moshe and asked permission to make this area their permanent home instead of crossing into the Eretz Yisrael. Moshe granted their request after receiving their promise that they would participate in the battles waged by the other tribes to conquer the Land of Israel. Surprisingly, the Torah tells that when Moshe distributed this territory, he apportioned shares not only to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, but also to part of the tribe of Menashe. This tribe is not mentioned at all previously in this story. From what we can tell, the people of Menashe did not come with Reuben and Gad to Moshe to ask for this land. Why, then, did part of the tribe of Menashe receive a portion in Eber Ha'Yarden (the region to the east of the Jordan River) together with Reuben and Gad? One answer can be suggested based on a mysterious comment by the Midrash, teaching us about the background to the division of the tribe of Menashe. Back in the Book of Bereshit, we read of how Yosef's brothers sold him as a slave to merchants who brought him to Egypt, where he ultimately rose to the position of vizier. When famine struck the Land of Israel, Yosef's brothers came to purchase grain from Yosef – not realizing that this was his brother. Before they made their way back to Eretz Yisrael, Yosef ordered his advisor – whom the Midrash identifies as his son, Menashe – to plant his goblet in the bag of the youngest brother, Binyamin, to frame him as a thief. Later, after the brothers left Egypt, Yosef told Menashe to run after them and charge them with theft. When the goblet was discovered in Binyamin's bag, the brothers tore their garments, as tragedy had now befallen the family. The Midrash comments that since Menashe had caused the brothers to tear their garments into two halves, the tribe that descended from him would similarly be "torn" into two pieces, with part of the tribe residing in Eretz Yisrael, and the other part residing east of the Jordan River. At first glance, the Midrash seems to be saying that Menashe was punished for causing his uncles anguish. But if we probe deeper, we will see that to the contrary, Menashe was actually given a great privilege to split into two halves. A number of commentators explain that Yosef's intention in framing Binyamin was to determine whether his brothers had fully repented for their sin of selling him as a slave – by putting them in a situation where another younger brother would be in trouble. Yosef framed Binyamin to see if the brothers would do everything they could to save him and bring him home – just the opposite of how they treated him, driving him out of the family. As we know, Yehuda stepped forward to offer himself as a slave in Binyamin's stead, showing that the brothers had indeed fully repented and changed. At that point, Yosef revealed himself to his brothers, and the family was reunited. Menashe made the brothers rend their garments – but in so doing, he brought the family back together. This process, unfortunately, entailed the pain of "tearing," but it had the effect of mending the rupture that had plagued the family for many years. With this in mind, we can return to the story of Reuben and Gad. Moshe feared that Reuben and Gad's settlement across the river would cause a rupture in the nation. The Jordan River was a natural border that could have divided the nation into two, resulting in Reuben and Gad's dissociation from the rest of the nation. Moshe therefore devised a plan – he would have half of one of the other tribes live together with Reuben and Gad across the river. Having half of a tribe on one side, and the second half on the other side, would help ensure that the river would not become a border separating between the two regions, that there would be ongoing contact and communication between the tribes in Eretz Yisrael and the tribes in Eber Ha'Yarden. For this crucial purpose, Moshe selected the tribe of Menashe – the tribe whose ancestor is credited with bringing the family together. Menashe had bequeathed this quality to his descendants, and so they were the best choice to ensure that Am Yisrael remains united despite the geographic separation between them. Just as Menashe had united the family by planting the goblet in Binyamin's bag, so would his descendants assure the unity of the Jewish Nation by living on both sides of the Jordan River and connecting all the tribes with each other.

One week ago at the closing session of the Turning Point USA Conference in Tampa, Charlie Kirk moderated a debate between two conservative Americans with starkly different perspectives on the value of Israel as an ally of the U.S.A. Writer and commentator, Josh Hammer, spoke for the proposition that America and Israel are countries aligned in values and ideology. Dave Smith - a recently famous comedian and libertarian who has become a darling of the talk show circuit (Joe Rogan and Piers Morgan in particular) - represents the conservative isolationist camp. An “as a Jew” Jew, Dave opines on matters about which he has thin knowledge. His bottom line: Israel has nefariously influenced and taken control of American foreign policy. Domestic policy too, for that matter. Hammer, more grounded in knowledge and fact, explains that military support and alliances are necessary for a strong and principled America. And Charlie does a great job to manage the discussion. Some of the things that Dave says - and with confidence and pride - are astonishing. Like that America has no problem with Iran. And Iran has no problem with America. “I mean, geez”, he says, “Iran is a third world country and no threat to us”. For real. It's a fascinating discussion. I learned a lot about this emerging and growing isolationist movement among conservative Americans - some of whom are turning sharply on Israel. It's a fiery debate.State of Tel Aviv is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Josh Hammer is the author of the new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. He is the senior editor-at-large of Newsweek, a syndicated columnist, and a fellow with the Edmund Burke Foundation and the Palm Beach Freedom Institute. He also hosts The Josh Hammer Show, a Newsweek podcast and syndicated radio show. A frequent pundit and essayist on political, legal, and cultural issues, Josh is a constitutional attorney by training and additionally serves as senior counsel for the Article III Project.Josh has been published by the Los Angeles Times, the New York Post, The Telegraph, the Daily Mail, U.S. News & World Report, National Review, First Things, National Affairs, American Affairs, the Claremont Review of Books, The New Criterion, City Journal, Public Discourse, Tablet Magazine, Deseret Magazine, The Spectator, Fortune, Fox Business, The Times of Israel, The Forward, and the Jewish Journal. His legal scholarship has been published by the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy and the University of St. Thomas Law Journal. Josh is a college campus speaker through Young America's Foundation and the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, and a law school campus speaker through the Federalist Society.Josh graduated from Duke University, where he majored in economics, and from the University of Chicago Law School. He lives in Florida with his wife and daughter, and he also remains an active member of the State Bar of Texas. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.stateoftelaviv.com/subscribe

Josh Hammer is the author of Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. He joins me to explore the big stuff: God, geopolitics, Zionism, the future of the U.S. We also get into the complexities of interfaith marriage and the role of religion in modern culture. The conversation delves into the challenges and nuances of maintaining religious and ethnic continuity in a modern, pluralistic society. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Balak, King of Moab, and Bilaam, sorcerer extraordinaire, hatched a plot to annihilate the Jewish people. Had their plan been successful, there would not have been even a single survivor. And they almost pulled it off. In fact, absent a Divine intervention, the glorious Jewish Nation would have been toast. What gave them such power? […]

Balak, King of Moab, and Bilaam, sorcerer extraordinaire, hatched a plot to annihilate the Jewish people. Had their plan been successful, there would not have been even a single survivor. And they almost pulled it off. In fact, absent a Divine intervention, the glorious Jewish Nation would have been toast. What gave them such power? Where did Bilaam's preternatural ability come from? In this wonderful Parsha podcast we uncover the secrets of Bilaam and discover what it takes to harness this extraordinary force ourselves. Do you have what it takes?– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –This Parsha Podcast is dedicated in loving memory of Addison ben Ruth, the father of our dear friend Pat Billman. Addison passed away a few weeks ago at the age of 103. He was a remarkable man who will be sorely missed. May his soul be elevated in Heaven.– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –DONATE: Please consider supporting the podcasts by making a donation to help fund our Jewish outreach and educational efforts at https://www.torchweb.org/support.php. Thank you!– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –Email me with questions, comments, and feedback: rabbiwolbe@gmail.com– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –SUBSCRIBE to my Newsletterrabbiwolbe.com/newsletter– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –SUBSCRIBE to Rabbi Yaakov Wolbe's PodcastsThe Parsha PodcastThe Jewish History PodcastThe Mitzvah Podcast This Jewish LifeThe Ethics PodcastTORAH 101 ★ Support this podcast ★

In our most ideal state, the Jewish Nation is described as “A Kingdom of Priests and a Holy Nation.” We are all Kings! The Talmud teaches that in Olam Haba, all the righteous who merit an invitation will be adorned with a resplendent crown atop their heads, and be basking in the pleasure of God. […]

“You can essentially divide the region between two sets of players. You have the, broadly speaking, Western-aligned players, which essentially consist of Israel and the non-Islamist Arab countries—countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE—and then, on the other hand, you have the axis of Islamism—of support for Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood and jihadism. And that, these days, is mostly the Iranian regime of course, Turkey unfortunately under Tayyip Erdogan, and Qatar, Qatar being the lead financier of Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood,” says Josh Hammer, host of the Newsweek podcast “The Josh Hammer Show” and author of “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.”“Iran is the source of evil in the Middle East. We should be very clear about that,” he says. “This is the world's No. 1 state sponsor of terrorism. They have been ever since the hostage crisis that formed this horrific regime that ended the Jimmy Carter presidency in 1979.”What does an America First foreign policy look like? How does Trump's Middle East strategy fit into it? And what about the U.S. relationship with Qatar?“America has always been engaged on the world stage. So the fact that we're not necessarily going to be going around crusading in the name of spreading liberal democracy does not necessarily mean that we have no interest in the world. We're America first, but you have to be America smart as well,” says Hammer.Views expressed in this video are opinions of the host and guest and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.

WOW!!!

LISTEN!!

Guests: Josh Hammer & Mickey L. Mattox Host Scot Bertram talks with Josh Hammer, host of The Josh Hammer Show and senior editor-at-large at Newsweek, about Israel's role in the Middle East and his new book Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. And Mickey Mattox, Flack Family Foundation Chair and professor of theology at […]

Guests: Josh Hammer & Mickey L. Mattox Host Scot Bertram talks with Josh Hammer, host of The Josh Hammer Show and senior editor-at-large at Newsweek, about Israel’s role in the Middle East and his new book Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. And Mickey Mattox, Flack Family Foundation Chair and professor of theology at Hillsdale College, discusses the life and writings of Augustine of Hippo.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join Robert and Ericka as they welcome conservative political commentator, author, attorney, and columnist, Josh Hammer. Josh, Robert, and Ericka discuss the growing ideological divide in America, Josh's new book Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West, and why the survival of the Jewish nation is deeply […]

One of the reasons that people may lose energy and excitement in their avodat Hashem is that they misunderstand the way Hashem deals with them. It makes logical sense that when a person is doing what Hashem wants, he should feel a certain spiritual elevation and receive some type of reciprocation which shows that Hashem is appreciating what he is doing. And so, when those things don't happen, people may begin to lose the enthusiasm that they once had. If they only knew how much Hashem appreciates what they are doing, and how much they are gaining every second of it, they would happily increase their enthusiasm. Let us analyze the way that Hashem dealt with Avraham Avinu. Hashem promised him a baby boy when he was 70 years old, but he did not see the fulfillment of that promise for another 30 years. Then, when Yitzchak was 37, Hashem commanded Avraham to offer him up as a korban . One would think, being that this was arguably the greatest mitzvah ever performed, that Avraham should have felt a connection to Hashem like no other on his way to do the Akeda . He should have felt an incredible spiritual feeling beyond imagination. Yet, it says וירא את המקום מרחוק – and he saw the place from afar. Chazal tell us that means he saw the מקומו של עולם - HaKadosh Baruch Hu – very distant from him. He did not feel any spiritual elevation, nor did he feel any connection to Hashem. It was actually just the opposite, a feeling of being distanced from Hashem. And one would think, after Avraham passed this monumental nisayon , Hashem should have showered him with blessing and showed him how great he became as a result. Yet that is not what happened. Rather, Avraham discovered that his wife had passed away, and he had to go deal with finding her a burial plot. This is precisely what made Avraham's deed as great as it was. The entire Jewish Nation is still benefiting from that one deed until today. Avraham knew that what he was doing was what Hashem wanted and that's all he needed to know. Going there without the spiritual feelings made the avodah even more precious. Not seeing Hashem patting him on the back, kavayachol , afterward made the avodah even more valuable. This world is the world of work. We need to toil in our avodat Hashem and the rewards come later. If someone has been praying for something for years without seeing results, he may feel that Hashem is not listening to him. Yet our Chazal teach us otherwise. Our Imahot prayed for years without seeing any results and that is precisely what made them as great as they became, continuing to push themselves without seeing the reciprocation. We know what Hashem wants from us. He told us in the Torah. And we know He appreciates every little move we make. When we continue growing and serving Him to the best of our ability, without the spiritual feelings and without the immediate rewards, it makes our service infinitely greater. If someone starts learning more or going to shul more, his natural expectations are that he will see more open blessing in his life from it. That may happen and it may not, depending on what Hashem knows is good for him. But if it doesn't happen and he continues learning and continues going to shul more, it makes those efforts so much more valuable and it raises him to such a higher level. He will most probably not feel any more spiritual from what he is doing, but that will just add to the potential levels he could reach. Akedat Yitzchak was done without any special feeling and without any immediate reciprocation. And we know that Hashem appreciated that act more than we could imagine. It made Avraham so great and the rewards of it are still being paid until today. This should be a model for us to understand that the greatness of our avodah does not depend on how spiritual we feel or how quickly Hashem gives us what we want afterwards. It's actually just the opposite. The more we persevere without the feeling and without the reciprocation, the greater the avodah becomes.

This week on Breaking Battlegrounds, Congressman Mike Simpson of Idaho joins the show for a wide-ranging conversation that begins with his shocking discovery of the scale of missing and murdered Indigenous women—over 6,000 annually—and how Congress is finally taking action on justice and jurisdictional reform. He also breaks down the future of nuclear power, America's path to energy independence, and the urgent need to end our reliance on hostile nations for critical minerals and pharmaceuticals. Then, Newsweek's Josh Hammer returns to discuss his new book Israel and Civilization, where he argues that Israel—and the Jewish people—are the West's first line of defense against rising global threats. He also tackles the disturbing surge of anti-Semitism on college campuses, exposes the failures of higher education, and calls for revoking tax-exempt status for elite universities like Harvard. Don't miss Kiley's Corner, where she dives into the chilling mystery of 11 dead women found in New England over the last 60 days—is it the work of a serial killer or 11 separate psychopaths? Tune in now!www.breakingbattlegrounds.voteTwitter: www.twitter.com/Breaking_BattleFacebook: www.facebook.com/breakingbattlegroundsInstagram: www.instagram.com/breakingbattlegroundsLinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/breakingbattlegroundsTruth Social: https://truthsocial.com/@breakingbattlegroundsShow sponsors:Invest Yrefy - investyrefy.com4Freedom MobileExperience true freedom with 4Freedom Mobile, the exclusive provider offering nationwide coverage on all three major US networks (Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile) with just one SIM card. Our service not only connects you but also shields you from data collection by network operators, social media platforms, government agencies, and more.Use code ‘Battleground' to get your first month for $9 and save $10 a month every month after.Learn more at: 4FreedomMobile.comDot VoteWith a .VOTE website, you ensure your political campaign stands out among the competition while simplifying how you reach voters.Learn more at: dotvote.voteAbout our guest:An Idaho native, Mike Simpson was born in Burley and raised in Blackfoot. Mike graduated from Utah State University and earned his DMD from Washington University School of Dental Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. After graduation, Mike joined his father and uncle at the Simpson Family Dental Practice in Blackfoot before serving in the Blackfoot City Council and State Legislature.Mike's political career began in 1980, when he was elected to the Blackfoot City Council. In 1984, he was elected to the Idaho Legislature where he served until 1998, the last six years serving as Speaker. Mike is currently serving his fourteenth term in the House of Representatives for Idaho's Second Congressional District.Mike serves as Chairman of the House Interior and Environment Subcommittee on Appropriations. His position gives him the unique opportunity to fight for Idaho's priorities and ensure Idahoans' hard-earned tax dollars come back to Idaho instead of going to states like New York or California.Mike also serves on the House Energy and Water Development Subcommittee and the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education Subcommittee on Appropriations. The committees Mike serves on have jurisdiction over funding for several agencies and programs critical to Idaho, including the Department of Energy, the Department of the Interior, the Forest Service, the National Parks Service, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Smithsonian Institute, and the Department of Labor.Mike and his wife Kathy have been married for 50 years and have called Idaho home all their lives. The two enjoy spending time with their poodle, Charley, and enjoying Idaho's beautiful scenery.-Josh Hammer is a friend of the show and the senior editor-at-large at Newsweek. He's the host of The Josh Hammer Show and the author of a new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West, which recently reached as high as No. 3 on all of Amazon. You can follow him on X @josh_hammer. Get full access to Breaking Battlegrounds at breakingbattlegrounds.substack.com/subscribe

Josh Hammer, author of "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" and Senior Editor at Large at Newsweek, on what America needs to resuscitate to become great again. The left's youth is lost. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the ​latest installment of the ongoing interview series with contributing editor Mark Bauerlein, Josh Hammer joins in to discuss his recent book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West."

In the ​latest installment of the ongoing interview series with contributing editor Mark Bauerlein, Josh Hammer joins in to discuss his recent book, “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.”

Western civilization faces a crisis of confidence, and Josh Hammer has a recipe to combat the three threats eroding its foundations.   His new book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West," lays out the key civilizational challenge and finds wisdom from the Bible to combat it.   He joins The Daily Signal to talk about his book, the U.S. alliance with Israel, and the judicial insurrection against President Trump. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Western civilization faces a crisis of confidence, and Josh Hammer has a recipe to combat the three threats eroding its foundations. His new book, “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West,” lays out the key civilizational challenge and finds wisdom from the Bible to combat it. He […]

Today, we're reacting to the trailer for the sixth and final season of the Left's favorite show, “The Handmaid's Tale,” and as badly as the Left wants the show to be about abortion, it's actually closer to modern-day surrogacy. Not that anyone wants to talk about that. Later, we have Newsweek senior editor at large Josh Hammer on to discuss all the things going on in politics right now. We talk with Josh about Trump ending family planning grants, potentially cutting Planned Parenthood's federal funding, the revocation of green cards for pro-Hamas protesters, and the embarrassing debacle of the Atlantic editor in chief Jeffrey Goldberg getting accidentally added to a Signal chat where Pete Hegseth, JD Vance, and others in the Trump administration discussed planned bombings in Yemen. Oops. Josh also tells us about his new book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West," and the importance of Israel in the defense of Western civilization. Share the Arrows 2025 is on October 11 in Dallas, Texas! Go to sharethearrows.com for tickets now! Buy Josh's new book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West": https://a.co/d/0B5fBuO Buy Allie's new book, "Toxic Empathy: How Progressives Exploit Christian Compassion": https://a.co/d/4COtBxy --- Timecodes: (00:57) Share the Arrows speaker announcement (07:12) Final season of “The Handmaid's Tale”  (19:48) The real handmaids: surrogates (31:30) Josh Hammer interview (31:40) Trump ending family planning grants for Planned Parenthood (42:47) Atlantic editor in chief added to attack plans chat (51:11) Hamas supporters' green cards getting revoked (58:00) Israel protecting Western civilization --- Today's Sponsors: Good Ranchers — Go to GoodRanchers.com and subscribe to any of their boxes (but preferably the Allie Beth Stuckey Box) and get free bacon, ground beef, seed oil free chicken nuggets, or salmon in every order for a year. Plus, you'll get $40 off when you use my code ALLIE at checkout. Jase Medical — Go to Jase.com and enter code “ALLIE” at checkout for a discount on your order. America's Christian Credit Union — Switch to America's Christian Credit Union today for faith-aligned banking with exceptional rates and nationwide access. Visit https://www.americaschristiancu.com/allie to get started! My Patriot Supply — Prepare yourself for anything with long-term emergency food storage. Get your 4 week Emergency Food Kit at https://PrepareWithAllie.com, plus an extra 12 days of food for free! --- Related Episodes: Ep 1151 | What REALLY Went Down Between Zelenskyy v. Trump & Democrats' Embarrassing Show | Guest: Josh Hammer https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-1151-what-really-went-down-between-zelenskyy-v-trump/id1359249098?i=1000697963021 Ep 836 | Surrogacy Horror: Gay ‘Dads' Demand Abortion | Guest: Brittney Pearson https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-836-surrogacy-horror-gay-dads-demand-abortion-guest/id1359249098?i=1000620814003 Ep 919 | No Good Surrogacies: A Surrogacy Baby Speaks Out | Guest: Olivia Maurel https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-919-no-good-surrogacies-a-surrogacy-baby-speaks/id1359249098?i=1000637866783 --- Buy Allie's book, You're Not Enough (& That's Okay): Escaping the Toxic Culture of Self-Love: https://alliebethstuckey.com/book Relatable merchandise – use promo code 'ALLIE10' for a discount: https://shop.blazemedia.com/collections/allie-stuckey Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Seth Leibsohn hosts Josh Hammer, discussing Hammer's new book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and The Destiny of the West." Hammer argues that the disproportionate attention on Israel and the Jewish people stems from their foundational role in Western civilization, tracing back to biblical times, and emphasizes the need for a strong Jewish-Christian alliance to defend these values against those seeking to undermine them.

In this episode, Liz Wheeler interviews Josh Hammer, author of the new book "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West." The two discuss whether or not the U.S. should end foreign aid to Israel, why it's in America's interest to be an ally of Israel, and what the JFK documents reveal. Hammer, host of "America On Trial with Josh Hammer," also explains the latest legal battle for the Trump administration. The two also discuss Chief Justice John Roberts' errant statement regarding judicial impeachments. All that and more! SPONSORS: BANK ON YOURSELF: You can get a FREE report that reveals how you can Bank On Yourself and enjoy TAX-FREE retirement income, guaranteed growth, and control of your money. Just go to https://BankOnYourself.com/LIZ and get your free report. ALL FAMILY PHARMACY: Go check out https://allfamilypharmacy.com/LIZ and because you're part of this movement, use code LIZ10 at checkout for an exclusive discount! MASA CHIPS: I encourage you to check out MASA Chips at https://MasaChips.com and use my promo code LIZWHEELER for a discount. Offer good on first time orders only. MY PATRIOT SUPPLY: Go to https://PrepareWithLiz.com to claim your kit, plus an extra 12 days of food FREE! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Josh Hammer explains how the judicial insurrection stands no chance against President Donald Trump, excoriates the latest Tesla-centric eruption of left-wing violence, and opens up about the successful launch week for his brand-new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dave Rubin of “The Rubin Report” talks to Josh Hammer about his new book “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of The Jewish Nation and The Destiny of the West”; Trump's immigration and deportation policies; if we are approaching a constitutional crisis; judicial overreach; the civilizational battle between Western values and rising global threats; Israel's role as a key U.S. ally and defender of biblical principles; the need for strong leadership to preserve Western civilization amid internal and external challenges; an optimistic vision for the future of the West; and much more. Check out the NEW RUBIN REPORT MERCH here: https://daverubin.store/ ---------- Today's Sponsors: Lumen.Me - Lumen is the world's first handheld metabolic coach that measures your metabolism through your breath. It lets you know if you're burning fat or carbs, and gives you tailored guidance to improve your nutrition, workouts, and sleep. Go to: https://lumen.me/rubin to get 15% OFF! Lean - A powerful weight loss supplement with remarkable results to help lower blood sugar, burn fat by converting it into energy, and curb your appetite. Rubin Report viewers get 20% off plus free rush shipping off their first order! Go to: https://TakeLean.com and enter promo code RUBIN20 for your discount Rumble App - Looking for more freedom in your streaming? Download the Rumble app today and experience content like never before! Available on Android and iOS, you can take Rumble with you wherever you go, whether you're on the move or just relaxing at home. Go to: https://rumble.onelink.me/u9tR/rubin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On Wednesday's Mark Levin Show, unelected federal district judges, particularly in Democrat-leaning areas, are overstepping their authority and undermining the separation of powers by issuing vague or overly broad orders that interfere with presidential duties, such as immigration enforcement and border security. This is judicial overreach, unchecked by the Supreme Court or Chief Justice John Roberts, and it threatens the constitutional framework, potentially leading to a judicial oligarchy or tyranny. The judiciary needs to respect the elected executive branch, and the Supreme Court needs to intervene and uphold constitutional principles. These federal judges are acting beyond their role, not just interpreting laws but effectively rewriting the Constitution. These are rogue judges or ‘rewriters' who are overstepping their authority and undermining the judicial system's purpose. Also, Sen Bernie Sanders is a Stalinist. To him, the Democratic Party isn't wrong—it's just not committed enough. Why is it acceptable for a man who shares the ideology of Castro and Mao to be treated like just another liberal? Bernie worships Marxism. He uses the language of the Constitution to attack the Constitution, which is typical of Marxists. Finally, Josh Hammer calls in to discuss his new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. https://www.amazon.com/Israel-Civilization-Jewish-Nation-Destiny/dp/1635769736/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

We invite you to check out The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show! If you love Verdict with Ted Cruz, you might also enjoy The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show. Politics, news analysis, and some pop culture and comedy thrown in too. Here’s a sample episode recapping some Tuesday takeaways. Give the guys a listen and then follow and subscribe wherever you get your podcasts: Follow The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, the hosts dive into a range of hot topics, starting with President Trump's announcement about releasing 80,000 unredacted documents related to the JFK assassination. They discuss the potential implications and the public's reaction to this significant disclosure. The conversation then shifts to President Trump's decision to end Secret Service protection for Hunter and Ashley Biden, highlighting the excessive number of agents previously assigned to them and questioning the necessity of such measures. Senior White House aide Stephen Miller intellectually crushes mainstream media host. President Donald Trump's call with President Vladimir Putin, emphasizing the potential for a ceasefire in Ukraine and the broader implications for U.S.-Russia relations. The hosts analyze the statement released by the White House, highlighting the importance of peace efforts and the potential economic benefits of ending the conflict. The hour also features an insightful interview with Josh Hammer, senior editor at large of Newsweek, about his new book, "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West." Hammer discusses the end of the ceasefire in Israel and the renewed posture toward Hamas, emphasizing the critical role of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. He also explores the broader implications of U.S.-Israel relations and the importance of a strong alliance between the two nations. Hammer's book delves into the historical and biblical foundations of Western civilization and argues for the continued support of Israel by both Jews and Christians. Make sure you never miss a second of the show by subscribing to The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show podcast wherever you get your podcasts: Clay & Buck Podcast on Apple For the latest updates from Clay and Buck: https://www.clayandbuck.com/ Connect with Clay Travis and Buck Sexton on Social Media: X - https://x.com/clayandbuck FB - https://www.facebook.com/ClayandBuck/ IG - https://www.instagram.com/clayandbuck/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/clayandbuck Rumble - https://rumble.com/c/ClayandBuck TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@clayandbuck YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@VerdictwithTedCruzSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The King County Sheriff’s Office is facing a staffing shortage. Patty Murray and the Democrats are spreading more baseless lies about Trump’s position on medicare and medicaid. Guest: Josh Hammer on his new book Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. // Big Local: Everett is reverting back to diesel buses after their electric buses experienced repeated failures. Live coverage of NASA’s news conference. // You Pick the Topic: Actor Tracy Morgan was seen getting violently ill and being taken away in a wheelchair at last night’s New York Knicks game.

Josh Hammer updates us on the latest judicial ruling against DOGE, the continued left-wing meltdown over President Trump's invocation of the 1798 Alien Enemies Act, and Chief Justice John Roberts' unhinged latest attack on President Donald Trump. Plus, Josh provides an update on his new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this conversation, Carl Jackson interviews Josh Hammer, senior editor at large for Newsweek, discussing his new book 'Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.' They explore the role of secularism in America, the definition of Western civilization, challenges within the conservative movement, the threat of anti-Semitism, and the implications of NATO's evolving values. The discussion also touches on free speech issues on college campuses and the political identity of Jewish leaders like Chuck Schumer. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/carljacksonradio Twitter: https://twitter.com/carljacksonshow Parler: https://parler.com/carljacksonshow Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thecarljacksonshow http://www.TheCarlJacksonShow.com See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Carl Jackson guest hosts for Dennis... Carl talks to Newsweek columnist and editor, Josh Hammer. His new book is Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West… Thanks for listening to the Daily Dennis Prager Podcast. To hear the entire three hours of my radio show as a podcast, commercial-free every single day, become a member of Pragertopia. You’ll also get access to 15 years’ worth of archives, as well as daily show prep. Subscribe today at Pragertopia dot com.Keep up with the Trump Administration when you subscribe to The Trump Report. This email brings you daily highlights from the Oval Office, right to your inbox, 5 days a week. Subscribe today at http://salempodcastnetwork.com/trumpSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Trump announces the Kennedy Files will be released Tuesday Afternoon. SpaceX departs the International Space Station carrying the stranded astronauts. Trump revokes Hunter and Ashley Biden's Secret Service detail. A Liberal French politician asks for the Statue of Liberty back because he says the US “despises it” with our immigration policies. Teslas continue to be vandalized, set on fire or destroyed in protest of Elon Musk. One-hit wonder ‘90's band, Semisonic, makes a statement condemning The White House from using their song, “Closing Time”, under a video of the deportation of illegal gangs. Author and Senior Editor-At-Large at Newsweek, Josh Hammer joins us to discuss “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West”. Dana touches on the increase in “swatting” incidents of influential conservative personalities. IWF Center for Energy and Conservation Director, Gabby Hoffman joins us to push back on the latest effort to fight the housing crisis by making federal land available.Thank you for supporting our sponsors that make The Dana Show possible…Relief Factorhttps://relieffactor.comTurn the clock back on pain with Relief Factor. Get their 3-week Relief Factor Quick Start for only $19.95 today! Goldcohttps://DanaLikesGold.com My personal gold company - get your GoldCo 2025 Gold & Silver Kit. PLUS, you could qualify for up to 10% in BONUS silverAll Family Pharmacyhttps://AllFamilyPharmacy.com/DanaBe prepared for when you need medicine the most. Don't go to urgent care YUCK.Code Dana10 for 10% off your entire orderByrnahttps://byrna.com/danaDon't leave yourself or your loved ones without options. Visit Byrna.com/Dana to receive 10% off Patriot Mobilehttps://patriotmobile.com/DanaDana's personal cell phone provider is Patriot Mobile. Get a FREE MONTH of service code DANAHumanNhttps://humann.comSupport your metabolism and healthy blood sugar levels with Superberine by HumanN. Find it now at your local Sam's Club next to SuperBeets Heart Chews. Tax Network USAhttps://TNUSA.com/DANADon't let the IRS's aggressive tactics control your life, empower yourself with Tax Network USA's support.  Reach a USA based agent @ 1(800) 958-1000 - Don't fight the IRS aloneKelTechttps://KelTecWeapons.comSee the NEW PS57 - Keltec Innovation & Performance at its bestPreBornhttps://Preborn.com/DanaDonate by dialing #250 and saying “BABY” or give securely at Preborn.com/Dana.Fast Growing Treeshttps://fastgrowingtrees.com/DanaThis spring, get up to 50% off select plants at Fast Growing Trees, plus with an extra 15% off your first purchase with code DANA

Josh Hammer, senior editor-at-large for Newsweek, joins Sid to plug his brand-new book, releasing today, titled Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Josh Hammer goes deep on the new statute that is suddenly at the center of our political conversation—the Alien Enemies Act of 1798. What exactly does this law say—and just as important, what does it not say? Also, today is publication day for Josh's brand-new book, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. Purchase your copy today! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this conversation, Carl Jackson interviews Josh Hammer, senior editor at large for Newsweek, discussing his new book 'Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.' They explore the role of secularism in America, the definition of Western civilization, challenges within the conservative movement, the threat of anti-Semitism, and the implications of NATO's evolving values. The discussion also touches on free speech issues on college campuses and the political identity of Jewish leaders like Chuck Schumer. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/carljacksonradio Twitter: https://twitter.com/carljacksonshow Parler: https://parler.com/carljacksonshow Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thecarljacksonshow http://www.TheCarlJacksonShow.com See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Josh Hammer discusses the importance of his new book out today, Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. Order your copy at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or wherever you buy your books!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Josh Hammer, author of "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West" and Senior Editor at Large at Newsweek, joins Seth to talk about his new book. We're joined by John Dombroski, founder and president of Grand Canyon Planning Associates. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Josh Hammer explains the overwhelming case for the discretionary deportation of any individual alien—legal or illegal—so long as the alien acts in a subversive manner against the sovereign. Here in the United States, the sovereign is "We the People!" Josh then discusses his Federalist Society event in Miami last night and his forthcoming debut book—out one week from today—Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stigall has some concerns related to some of his colleagues communications strategies. Are the in the best interest of MAGA and advancing a conservative agenda or advancing a personal brand? Now is not the time to go small when we have big picture fish to fry. Hunter Biden is having some money trouble. Shocker! What's the deal with the death of Gene Hackman and his wife? Are we any closer to truly eliminating the Department of Education? Brian Jodice of the American Federation for Children joined the show to discuss how school kids, parents, and states benefit big time by eliminating one of the most bloated federal agencies. Plus, a new book on the importance of the Judeo-Christian relationship to global peace and our role in the Middle East in a brand new book authored by Josh Hammer "Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West." -For more info visit the official website: https://chrisstigall.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/chrisstigallshow/Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChrisStigallFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/chris.stigall/ Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/StigallPodListen on Apple Podcasts: https://bit.ly/StigallShow - Global Coin, for exclusive listener offers go to https://www.shopglobalcoin.com/pages/stigall or call 1-888-560-3125. - Keep up with the Trump Administration when you subscribe to The Trump Report. This email brings you daily highlights from the Oval Office, right to your inbox, 5 days a week. Subscribe today at http://salempodcastnetwork.com/trump See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.