Podcasts about Tokyo

A.M. Edition for Sept. 3. The U.S. is extending its troop deployments to the Middle East well into 2027, putting the prospects of an end to the Iran war further away. WSJ's Jared Malsin and Matt Dalton explain what that means for the troops, the U.S. war effort and energy price-driven inflation. Plus, Russia gains the upper hand in Ukraine, with a barrage of new drones. And Uber's global robotaxi push faces a litmus test on the mean streets of London. Luke Vargas hosts. Sign up for the WSJ's free What's News newsletter. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

At 1:15 p.m. on April 12, 1945, Franklin Roosevelt was sitting for a portrait at his cottage in Warm Springs, Georgia, when his face suddenly fell forward. He raised his left hand to his temple and whispered to his cousin Daisy: "I have a terrific pain in the back of my head." He was dead by 3:35. That evening, Harry Truman, a former farmer and failed haberdasher who had been vice president for eighty-two days and had met with Roosevelt only twice, placed his hand on a Bible and became the thirty-third president of the United States. He had never been briefed on the atomic bomb. Thirteen days later, War Secretary Henry Stimson handed him a three-page memo that began: "Within four months we shall in all probability have completed the most terrible weapon ever known in human history, one bomb of which could destroy a whole city." Today's guest is James M. Scott, author of Empire of Ashes: Truman, Hirohito, and the Descent into Total War. We discuss how a Hungarian physicist who did his thinking in the bathtub tracked down Einstein by asking a boy on a Long Island street corner to launch the Manhattan Project, why Oak Ridge, Tennessee, became a secret city of 75,000 people who had no idea what they were building, and how the firebombing of Tokyo killed 105,000 people in a single night months before the atomic bombs fell. We look at why Groves wanted to destroy Kyoto for its two thousand temples and Stimson stopped him because he had honeymooned there, how Japan's military leaders refused to surrender even after two atomic bombs and forced an unprecedented intervention by an emperor who had spent the war collecting marine specimens in a palace while his cities burned, and why a group of young officers assassinated the commander of the Imperial Guards and seized the palace on the eve of surrender in a coup that came within hours of succeeding. Scott argues that the historical record supports Truman's decision but lets the last word belong to the survivors, and to a war minister who committed seppuku wearing the white shirt the emperor had personally given him, with a photograph of his dead son folded on top of his dress uniform.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CAPTION: 1955.CONTENTS THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 9-2-2026Saudi Arabia Seeks Nuclear EnrichmentAndrea Stricker discusses the Trump administration's submission of a Section 123 nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia to Congress. This agreement could grant Saudi Arabia dual-use uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing capabilities, potentially enabling nuclear weapon development. A major concern is Saudi Arabia's refusal to sign the IAEA's Additional Protocol, which permits inspections of undeclared nuclear sites. Although Congress has 90 days to review and potentially block the accord, overcoming a presidential veto would require an unlikely two-thirds majority. Stricker notes the administration's claims about Chinese and Russian competition lack evidence. (1)China Rejects Global Trade ConsensusKamran Bokhari and Gordon Chang discuss China's refusal to sign a G20 finance ministers' consensus document, objecting to language targeting non-market policies that cause trade imbalances. Chang attributes this defiance to Xi Jinping's arrogance and belief in US decline. Bokhari explains that China is posturing ahead of a summit with Trump, utilizing command capitalism to flood global markets. Bokhari highlights a shifting security architecture in Asia, including Tokyo deploying fighter jets to India and Jakarta arming itself, driven by expectations of US retrenchment. Additionally, Xi Jinping maintains absolute control domestically through extensive military purges while building ties with Egypt. (2)Steve Yates Warns Of ConflictSteve Yates and Gordon Chang address China's refusal to sign the G20 finance ministers' statement, which criticized "non-market" policies. Yates views this as an honest admission that Beijing has no intention of conforming to international trade standards. He praises Treasury Secretary Bessent for maintaining a firm stance alongside allies. Anticipating the September 24th summit between Trump and Xi Jinping, Yates notes that Washington has delayed a $14 billion arms sale to Taiwan to preserve positive "mood music." Finally, Yates warns of the "CRINK" axis—comprising China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea—collaborating on military supply chains and conflicts. (3)Global Energy And Food CrisisMichael Bernstam outlines a compounding global energy and food crisis. Tensions between the US and Iran have halted critical oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, driving Brent crude prices up. Meanwhile, European winter natural gas prices have tripled due to storages being filled only to 62%. High gas prices also restrict fertilizer production, which, coupled with Black Sea port bombings by Russia and Ukraine, has caused a spike in global grain prices. Finally, despite US interest in Venezuelan heavy crude to produce diesel, decades of local mismanagement limit production. (4)Young Conservatives Embrace Nixon MaxingRyan Bangert explores the Gen Z trend of "Nixon maxing," where young conservatives view Richard Nixon as a heroic avatar resisting 1970s extremism. Bangert argues this aesthetic misinterprets Nixon as a revolutionary. In reality, Nixon was a counterrevolutionary who sought to preserve and revitalize established institutions based on the values of the American founding. Contrastingly, Bangert highlights the philosophical division between the destructive, post-Christian French Revolution and the enduring American Revolution. Ultimately, he urges young conservatives to appreciate Nixon's true legacy: conserving institutional checks and balances to temper flawed human nature. (5)Treasury Targets Iranian Sanctions EvasionMax Maizlish explains how the Treasury Department's FinCEN is penalizing five branches of an Egyptian bank in Dubai to curb illicit financial flows. FinCEN identified $1.8 billion in suspicious transactions linked to the Iranianregime. To effectively dismantle Iran's financial network, Maizlish argues the US must target Chinese institutions, as China purchases over 90% of Iran's crude oil. Specifically, he advocates for blacklisting the Bank of Kunlun—a state-owned Chinese entity heavily involved in Iranian sanctions evasion. Maizlish asserts that CNPC officials are fully aware of these illicit transactions, making decisive sanctions necessary. (6)El Niño Defies Weather ForecastsJeremy Zakis reports on the unpredictable impacts of the current super El Niño on Australian weather. Contrary to long-term dry forecasts, Sydney is experiencing unseasonable, rolling rain showers, while Western Australia faces extreme heat exceeding 100°F. Zakis warns that if droughts strike in late September rather than mid-October, Australia faces a catastrophic, extended bushfire season fueled by rapid undergrowth. Beyond Australia, extreme weather anomalies like French tornadoes and Southern California hurricane warnings are linked to historically high Pacific sea temperatures. Additionally, warm temperatures have caused dangerous eastern brown snakes to begin moving early. (7)brown snakes to begin moving early. (7)Axis Cooperates On Advanced WeaponryBradley Bowman and Mark Montgomery, authors of Axis of Aggressors, analyze the rising military coordination detailed in their book. They reveal a secret Russian program helping Iran build supersonic cruise missiles using ramjet engines, which pose a severe threat to US and merchant vessels in the Gulf. Furthermore, China assists Iran with chemical precursors and satellite targeting data. Beyond the Middle East, Russia engages in hybrid warfare in Europe, including attempted drone attacks in Germany. In response, Germany is significantly increasing defense spending and deploying a combat brigade to Lithuania to bolster deterrence. (8)Commodity Prices Spike Amid UnrestSimon Constable discusses recent extreme weather, including an unprecedented tornado in the south of France that damaged 300 homes. This disruption mirrors severe instability in the commodity markets, where Brent crude has surged to $94 a barrel, European gas has jumped 26%, and Black Sea grain prices have spiked up to 16%. Constable also critiques the new UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham for focusing on minor local issues rather than global crises. Finally, he reviews public backlash against data centers, which consume substantial water and over 4% of total US electricity. (9)SpaceX Builds Massive Private SpaceportBob Zimmerman highlights SpaceX's purchase of a massive plot in Louisiana to establish a private spaceport capable of hosting dozens of Starship flights daily. Zimmerman argues that SpaceX's market-driven approach ensures success, whereas state-sponsored space programs in the UK and Canada often flounder due to bureaucracy. He outlines SpaceX's progress, including recovering the prototype 13 Starship and preparing for flight 14. Finally, Zimmerman notes the successful, on-budget launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, upgrades to NASA's Deep Space Network, and the upcoming nuclear-powered Skyfall mission to Mars. (10)

CAPTION: 1890 PEKINGChina Rejects Global Trade ConsensusKamran Bokhari and Gordon Chang discuss China's refusal to sign a G20 finance ministers' consensus document, objecting to language targeting non-market policies that cause trade imbalances. Chang attributes this defiance to Xi Jinping's arrogance and belief in US decline. Bokhari explains that China is posturing ahead of a summit with Trump, utilizing command capitalism to flood global markets. Bokhari highlights a shifting security architecture in Asia, including Tokyo deploying fighter jets to India and Jakarta arming itself, driven by expectations of US retrenchment. Additionally, Xi Jinping maintains absolute control domestically through extensive military purges while building ties with Egypt. (2)

@PermissionToStanPodcast on Instagram (DM us & Join Our Broadcast Channel!), TikTok & YouTube!NEW Podcast Episodes every THURSDAY! Please support us by Favoriting, Following, Subscribing, & Sharing for more KPOP talk!KCON MEOVV / IZNA Giveaway winners!!Comebacks: PLAVE, LISA (BLACKPINK), MONSTA X, JISOO (BLACKPINK), EVAN, SOYEON (I-DLE), MINHO (SHINEE), &TEAM, LE SSERAFIMMVs: BIG BANG, STRAY KIDS, KATSEYE, CHUNGHA, IZNA, WAYF BOYS, FELIX (STRAY KIDS), TAEMIN (SHINEE), JENNIE (BLACKPINK)The Fact Music Awards (TMA) 2026 lineupJAY PARK Seoul encore special guests including EPIK HIGH & LNGSHOTBIG BANG making a resurgence for their 20th anniversary & "BIIIG"MEOVV plans for members personal Instagram accounts for 2nd Anniversary?ROSE talks about working on her new albumSANGWON ALPHA DRIVE ONE, SUNGHO BOYNEXTDOOR, SAEBI IZNA confirmed to host MBC Music CoreHEARTS2HEARTS Iconic Power Race 23Hearts seriesLA officially declares BTS weekBTS JUNGKOOK Birthday Concert in LAJUNGKOOK describes his "ideal" typeToxic ARMY going at it againSTRAY KIDS takes nasty falls during rainy Tokyo concertSTRAY KIDS BANGCHAN unleashes savage response on Bubble to "fan" who shoved phone at FELIX at the airportAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

As tokenized assets move into real-world testing, institutional investors need to understand how they could affect existing payment systems, settlement processes, risk controls, and operating models. What can real-world testing teach financial institutions about the next stage of digital markets? In this episode, Paul Fahey speaks with Justin Chapman, Group Head of Strategic Partnerships, Digital Assets and Financial Markets at Northern Trust, and Paul Abraham, Chief of Investment Services at Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation, about Project Acacia. They cover a live use case connecting a tokenized carbon credit with traditional cash settlement, what institutional investors are learning about tokenized assets and digital cash, and why hybrid infrastructure may remain part of financial markets as adoption develops. Key points: How Project Acacia tested tokenized assets alongside traditional payment infrastructure and settlement processes Why institutional investors are studying tokenization before broader adoption reaches their operating models How digital cash, tokenized equities, and different settlement models may develop across jurisdictions Where tokenization may improve liquidity, collateral use, operational efficiency, and risk visibility Why trust, liquidity, security, and regulatory clarity remain central to wider institutional participation And more! Connect with Justin Chapman: LinkedIn: Justin Chapman About Justin Chapman: Northern Trust: Justin Chapman Connect with Paul Abraham: LinkedIn: Paul Abraham Website: Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation About Paul Abraham: Paul Abraham is Chief of Investment Services at Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation (CSC), which provides superannuation products and services to Australian Government and Australian Defense Force employees. He joined CSC in 2005 and brings more than 30 years of financial services experience, with previous roles spanning chartered accountancy, asset management, and financial planning across Australia, London, Tokyo, and Singapore. Paul is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia and holds a Master of Financial Management from Australian National University and a Bachelor of Business (Accountancy) from Charles Sturt University.

David Sedaris is one of America's best-loved humorists, famous for turning the absurdities of everyday life into razor-sharp, deeply human essays. He joins Elizabeth Day on How to Fail to talk about the moments that have shaped him: from dropping out of university and ending up in his parents' basement at 20, to being thrown out by his father and growing up with a parent who seemed to actively invest in his failure. He talks candidly about heartbreak after a breakup at 32, the fear of being alone, grief at losing the people we love and his past crystal meth addiction and sobriety. We also hear about the embarrassment of dropping out of Japanese school in Tokyo at 50…and the possibility of a cameo on The Archers. IN THIS EPISODE: 00:00 Intro 03:39 How His Writing Evolved 04:27 Train Music Confrontation 07:03 Failure One: Dropping Out 10:38 A Father Rooting Against Him 13:16 Money Promises and Betrayal 18:03 Thrown Out and Self Worth 20:31 Friendship and Grief 23:22 Failure Two: Breakup at 32 27:38 Writing Love And Routine 28:46 Sharon The Practical Mom 33:08 Heartbreak Versus Grief 35:54 Crystal Meth And Fear 38:59 Conceptual Art On Fire 40:24 Tokyo Japanese School Quit 46:08 The Archers Cameo

Berkshire Hathaway's new CEO Greg Abel is in Tokyo, where he's discussing the firm's stakes in Japanese trading houses. Abel also discusses Berkshire's Alphabet stake, a portfolio shift spearheaded by Warren Buffett. Then, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick joins the show from the G20 in North Carolina. Ahead of a fireside chat with Nvidia's Jensen Huang and OpenAI's Sam Altman, Sec. Lutnick discusses the data center boom, semiconductor tariffs, American competitiveness, and his own perspective on the collapse of trade talks with Canada. Greg Abel - 5:19 Sec. Howard Lutnick - 30:50 In this episode: Howard Lutnick, @howardlutnick Joe Kernen, @JoeSquawk Becky Quick, @BeckyQuick Katie Kramer, @Kramer_Katie Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Get a $230 gift card after your first payment of $500 with Melio (affiliate) - https://milestomemories.com/go/melio/ Shawn's InKind referral ($25 off $50) - https://milestomemories.com/go/inkind Shawn has to get to Hong Kong and the choice is uglier than it should be: premium economy nonstop or Philippine Airlines through Manila on an angled seat, because the last minute Cathay Pacific first class trick that worked for years is gone. We also get into why renewing a Chinese visa is still a pain, the intra-Asia award secret everyone planning a trip should know, and the one Seoul airport you want to fly into. Then Benji has us rethinking IHG Diamond, the top tier almost nobody has and hotels actually honor. Plus T-Mobile is giving away ten prizes of one million Atmos miles each and you do not need to be a customer, which leads to the full story of the time Mark won Arby's in Hawaii, surprise tax bill and all. And McDonald's just closed a loophole that says a lot about how rewards programs really work. Premium economy or Manila? Vote in the comments. Episode Guide: 0:00 Welcome to MTM Travel 0:27 The Accidental Golf Podcast 4:33 Renewing a Chinese Visa Is Still a Pain 5:35 Premium Economy or Philippine Airlines to Hong Kong? 8:01 Cathay Pacific, the One That Got Away 11:10 Intra-Asia Awards Are Wide Open 12:13 The $500 Tokyo to Seoul Problem (and the Gimpo Tip) 14:57 Melio: $230 Gift Card After a $500 Payment 15:39 Why IHG Diamond Is Underrated 20:38 Shutdowns, Status Matches & Looking Over Your Shoulder 22:46 Win 1 Million Atmos Miles From T-Mobile 24:09 The Arby's in Hawaii Story (and the Surprise Tax Bill) 27:58 A Free 25K Companion Cert on the Summit Card 29:02 McDonald's Closes a Loophole 32:09 Final Thoughts Links IHG undervalued - https://milestomemories.com/ihg-one-rewards-diamond/ 1M Atmos - https://milestomemories.com/enter-to-win1-million-atmos-rewards-points/ ✈️ Track your travel credit cards for free

Recently, an English dog trainer, Christina Bluhme, was mountain climbing with her black Labrador. The dog must have found a cannabis gummy on the trail and ate it. The five-year-old dog named Tokyo began swaying and got really weak in her hind quarters. Christina had to call for help, and a rescue crew put Tokyo on a stretcher and carried him to a vet who was able to diagnose the problem and treat it. Even a dog had to be rescued from cannabis. The dog may or may not have been able to sense the danger of eating the gummy, but it was true that his choice did lead to a consequence that could have been detrimental. When you make a choice, be sure you remember that choice will have a consequence. Good consequences are the result of good choices.

Escalating conflict in the Gulf is pushing oil prices ever higher. We explore the connection between energy prices and government borrowing to find out why falling bond prices across the world matter to jobs and inflation. The appearance of Russia's finance minister at the G20 talks in North Carolina caused some awkwardness among his European counterparts. Beyond the embarrassing family photo shoot, we try to find out what Russia hoped to gain from the summit. And after almost 20 years without turning a profit, Victoria Beckham's fashion and beauty business has finally turned a profit. What's changed?(Picture: A passerby walks past a screen showing the yield on the 10-year Japanese government bond in Tokyo, Japan, 31 August 2026. Credit: Franck Robichon,EPA/Shutterstock)

On this episode of Antioch MFA's LitCit, host Gabriela Revilla Lugo of the MFA in Dramatic Writing (Screenwriting) program sits down with writer, editor, and translator Mike Fu. Mike Fu is a Tokyo-based writer, editor, and translator. His Chinese-English translation of Stories of the Sahara by Sanmao (Bloomsbury, 2020) was named a Favorite Book of the Year by the Paris Review and shortlisted for the 2021 National Translation Award in Prose. Fu's debut novel, Masquerade, was published by Tin House in 2024. He has taught at Temple University Japan, Parsons School of Design, and the City University of New York, and received his PhD in cultural studies from Waseda University. He is a writer and editor for The Japan Times. This episode was produced by Hylee Kim and mastered by Max Pearl and Odin Rasco.

This episode we continue with the reign of Uno no Sarara, aka Jito Tenno, and look at records of the various foreigners and immigrants who came to the archipelago. This includes immigrants from the Korean peninsula as well as those foreigners with whom Yamato shared the Central Land of the Reed Plains--like the Hayato and the Emishi. We also take a look at the Yamato court's widening relationship with and use of Buddhism. Along the way we take a look at a few different incidents and reports, including omens, hunting and fishing restrictions, and a story of sweet wine that reportedly cured the worst of diseases. For more check out the podcast website: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-155 (blogpost goes live 1 Sep 2026) Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 155: Immigrants, Priests, and Sweet Wine The three priests and their companions could see the distinctive pagoda from a distance away.   It stood several stories tall, and the bells at the eave ends glinted in the morning light. To their right, a tall, conical peak stood out from the other mountains, much like a miniature Mt. Fuji.  From there, the mountains swept down to the flat plain, which then ended at the edge of the giant body of water known as Lake Biwa.  The pagoda rose up between the two, its uppermost spire jutting upwards towards the sky.  Around it, much of the flat area had been carved into rectangular rice paddies, with paths and thatched roof buildings around—most of them low to the ground, distinctive of the muro style still prominent amongst most of the common people.  As such, though it didn't come anywhere near the grandeur of the temples in the capital, even a provincial temple stood out with its tiled roof and the brightly colored, red, white, and green walls and windows.  As they approached, the group saw a crowd of people by the gates.  Many of them seemed ill and infirm.  They had come to be healed by the waters of the temple—the same healing waters that had brought these priests all the way from the capital to investigate. We are covering a bunch of different things from the reign of Uno no Sarara, from 686 to 697.  This episode we take a journey through a few different topics.  Mostly we are talking about foreigners—both those from overseas and the ones that Yamato shared the archipelago with—and with Buddhism and how the court used this continental religion that had already become a key organ of the Yamato State. To start with, let's talk about immigrants.  Immigration to the archipelago by this point isn't anything new—and I'm not just talking about the groups that came over and kickstarted the Yayoi culture and the eventual mounded tomb period that we know as the Kofun era.  There were numerous ethno-linguistic groups that fell under Yamato's hegemony, and evidence of active migration. Of the various groups on the archipelago, there appear to be several categories.  For instance, we have groups that are clearly external immigrants, from outside of the archipelago  and then we have those groups that appear to be considered indigenous, at least by Yamato's thinking.. Some of this can be seen in how they are treated, discussed, and even assimilated.  Those external, while often presented as being in a tribute status, are still treated differently from those on the archipelago, where the land borders of Yamato would abut against the territories of local ethnic groups.  This probably also had something to do with the claim that the Heavenly Grandchild and their descendants, the current Tennou, were presumably given sovereignty over the entire Land of the Central Reed Plains, aka the Japanese archipelago. External immigrants included people from Silla, and, even though the kingdoms themselves had fallen and been absorbed by Silla, Gogureyo and Baekje.  This last one might be a bit surprising if we think about it in modern terms where we tend to think in terms of citizenship and nationality first and foremost.  So we think of someone as being American, French, or Japanese based on the country they came from.  But that American might be Dine—aka Navaho—or they could identify as Cajun or their parents might have been immigrants from somewhere else and they are the first generation born in the US.  That doesn't mean they aren't American, but "American" is only part of their identity.  Likewise that Japanese person could be Ainu, Ryukyuan, or even one of the Bonin islanders.  That is to say they may be from an ethno-linguistic group other than the majority ethnic group in that nation. In the same vein, while it's true that Baekje had been conquered by Silla, that doesn't mean that the Baekje people were suddenly erased and that the people suddenly changed their lifestyles or language overnight.  And so, while they may have been subjects of the Silla kingdom, there were still Baekje people both in Silla and in the archipelago.  And as late as 690, decades after it was conquered, we see that Baekje immigrants were arriving in Japan. Similarly, we see Goguryeo immigrants who came over in 687, three years earlier, even though that kingdom no longer existed.  They were settled in Hitachi, where they were given lands, received an allowance of grain to help tide them over, and then allowed to grow their community and work, as long as they did so peacefully, under the care of the local Yamato officials. And it isn't difficult to see why people of Baekje and Goguryeo might come to the archipelago.  Their other options were to head to the Great Tang, which had been the other conquering force, or possibly to go find refuge with various Tungusic ethnic groups around the Amur river area, outside of Tang control. What actually strikes me as a bit more surprising, to be honest, is the immigration of people from Silla.  After all, Silla was ascendant, was it not?  They had just unified the peninsula and this seems like it would have been a great time to be team Silla, and yet we see people leaving to come to Yamato. For instance, in 687 we see 14 immigrants from Silla settled in Shimotsuke.  22 more were presented by the Dazai-Sochi and settled in the land of Musashi.  In 689 and then in 690 we see more Silla immigrants settled in both places.  We also had 50 people come over with Buddhist priests, though we don't know where they ended up settling.  So both Musashi and Shimotsuke were being settled with immigrants from Silla.  Musashi, if you didn't already know, is the name for the area that would largely become the Tokyo metropolis in modern times.  Shimotsuke was the land adjoining it to the northeast.  In all likelihood, all of these people were probably being located to areas near each other, even though they are mentioned as being in different provinces.  That may have been more of an administrative distinction.  That also seems to indicate that they were likely being relocated to border areas where there weren't already large populations, probably because that is where there was open land that wasn't already claimed.  We see something similar with the court sending the people from Goguryeo all the way to Hitachi. It does make me wonder what must have happened for someone to choose to come to the Japanese archipelago from Silla to be sent all the way to the far end of Yamato to work the land.  In previous centuries I would have assumed that these were captives brought back from raids against the mainland, but by all accounts—and the fact that we continue to have relatively cordial diplomatic relations between Yamato and Silla—it appears that Yamato wasn't sending raids and that these individuals were likely coming willingly.  Perhaps they were getting crowded out somewhere in Silla, and had heard of new opportunities.  Or perhaps they had done something to make them persona-non-grata, as they say, back in their home country.   Whatever the reason, there were a number of people coming over, who would have also brought their cultural and technological knowledge along with them.  And many of them were being settled in the far eastern end of Honshu—though that may be something for another time. The indigenous category includes not only the Wa people of Yamato, but also the Hayato and the Emishi.  Of these we don't have a lot of information about who they were or what languages they spoke. For the Hayato we only have a few possible words of their language, and various other things that we know from Yamato's court records.  We know that the Yamato officials needed interpreters to speak with the Hayato.  There are those that theorize that the Hayato language had evolved from one of the languages spoken during the Jomon era—which doesn't give us much to go on other than the idea that it may not have been a Japonic language.  Attempts have been made to connect the Hayato with the unique burial features and other material artifacts of southern Kyushu, and then to the previous ethnic group, known as the Kumaso—or possibly the Kuma and So—but so far there are theories but no hard and fast connections. For example, we know that the Hayato were said to be from Ata and Ohosumi, according to the records of the court, but they also only show up in the late 7th century.  Prior to that we have stories of the Kumaso, and even people called Tsuchigumo.  Were those previous names for the ancestors of the Hayato?  Or were the Hayato encountered later, as Yamato's borders expanded, having perhaps encompassed the lands of the Kumaso and now running into the Hayato?  The fact that they show up so late in the narrative is particularly interesting, as they really only get mentioned in the reign of Ohoama and then Uno no Sarara—though they would be particularly active in the years to come, when the Nihon Shoki was being compiled.  For example, we know that the Hayato were brought into the court system, and also that they resisted, with numerous rebellions in the 8th century, though at this early point, things seemed to be going well. So Hayato were coming to the court, likely seeing some benefit in their association with Yamato.  They are shown coming in fairly significant numbers as well. Meanwhile, we have the ongoing assimilation of the Emishi.  Unlike the Hayato, the Emishi have shown up in the narrative since the legendary period.  We've talked about them quite a bit in various episodes.  Even within the Emishi, the Emishi of Koshi are differentiated from the Emishi further north in Tohoku.  Linguistically, a lot of place names in Tohoku and eastern Honshu have been compared to the Ainu language, with suspicions that a related language was in use in eastern and northeastern Japan for some time.  Tohoku is also the area that most resisted Yayoi culture, based on archaeological finds.  We know that wet rice paddy agriculture also made early in-roads into Tohoku, but then retreated much farther south, perhaps because it wasn't as suitable for the colder climate at that time.  Northern material culture continued to exhibit signs of evolution from the previous Jomon era, with Hokkaido continuing a tradition that we know as the Epi-Jomon, which we first talked about back in episode 50, and several times since then as well..  There were some mounded tombs—even some keyhole shaped tombs around Sendai and Osaki, in modern Miyagi prefecture—but nothing comparable to the large numbers of tombs found in areas further to the south. The Yamato people had had regular encounters with people called "Emishi" since at least the time of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno.  During the time that Takara Hime was on the throne a second time, there were massive military operations, first against the Emishi, and then supporting them against the Mishihase people in what appears to have been Hokkaido.  The Emishi were further brought under the Yamato court and into the court rank system, and we see rank handed out to various members of the group.  Then, in the reign of Uno no Sarara, we start to see further cultural assimilation in the form of the spread of Buddhism. In 689, we are told of Shiriko, an "Emishi of Kikafu, in Ukitamu district, in Michinoku".   This possibly refers to Okitama no Kori, a district in modern Yamagata Prefecture.  Shiriko had two sons, Maro and Kanawori, who requested permission to shave their hair and become Buddhist priests.  Perhaps related to this, about twenty days before, about 231 Emishi men and women had attended a banquet under the tsuki tree by Asukadera, where they were given gifts and rank.  Did that inspire them to want to learn more about this "Buddhism" thing? Either way, Uno no Sarara agreed.  In the edict she commented that Maro and his brother were both refined and modest, despite their youth, and that they were eating vegetarian dishes and keeping the Buddhist precepts.  So presumably this wasn't a last minute decision on their part, though we should probably take the wording in the edict with at least a grain of salt, given their purpose. Only six days later we see that the court is presenting a load of gifts to an Emishi monk named Doushin.  Doushin is said to have been a Koshi Emishi, rather than the Kitafu Emishi of Michinoku.  The court granted him a Buddhist statue, a purification flag, a wine cup, a begging bowl, five-colored silk cloth, thirteen pounds of flossed silk, 10 bolts of regular cloth, ten hoes, and a saddle. Six months later there is another priest:  Jitoku, an Emishi of Michinoku, who is granted a gold-copper image of Yakushi Buddha and a gold-copper image of Kanzeon—or Kannon—Boddhisatva, as well as a bell, a begging bowl, a precious curtain, an incense burner, and a banner. What this looks like, to me, is the court promoting Buddhism among the Emishi.  This feels similar to the way that priests also spread the worship of Mt. Miwa or other kami.  While Buddhism was technically universal, the Court had ensured that they had a hand on the center of Buddhist teaching, at least early on.  Indeed, at the same time that Uno no Sarara was building up the Jingikan and bolstering the worship of Amaterasu at Ise Grand Shrine, she and the court were also leveraging Buddhism and Buddhist concepts in a variety of ways.  She put it in an edict to the ministers in 691.  She noted that they had erected Buddhist Halls and Sutra repositories, and they practiced the six monthly fasts.  The sovereigns would occasionally send Ohotoneri to inquire after the welfare of priests.  As such, they should continue to uphold the Buddhsit Faith with zealous hearts. Upholding the faith wasn't just about words.  There were actual financial contributions.  Besides the national temples, there were gifts made, such as those to the Emishi priests, mentioned earlier.  In 692, Kwansei was presented silk and cloth and commended for making white lead, which was a popular ingredient for cosmetics.  Later that year, Yamada no Mikata was granted rank, and the fact that he had gone to Silla to study as a priest is mentioned in conjunction with that, though apparently he either didn't take orders or had gone back to being a lay person.   And in 693 they gave the priest, Hokyo, 3 chou worth or rice-land.  And in 696 there were 30 houses granted as a sustenance-fief to Bendou, a priest of Daikandaiji. And that tells us the kinds of resources the State was putting towards it, but what were they using Buddhism for?  What purpose did it serve the State, or was it purely altruistic?  A big part of it, as we have discussed in the past, was through the concept of karma and merit.  The court seems to have been making a variety of decisions that look to be efforts to increase the State's merit.  This is a continuation of things we saw in Ohoama's reign, along with some new moves.  For instance, we have previously mentioned in passing how the court was giving alms to the elderly and infirm, at least in the capital, and we see a lot more amnesties—though often qualified amnesties, with various crimes excluded. Then there were things like the edict of 689, in which Hunting and Fishing were prohibited in the Sea of Muko in the province of Settsu for a distance of 1000 paces, and for 20,000 shiro on the plain of Nagino in the district of Ate in the province of Kii, and for 20,000 shiro on the plains of Mino in the district and province of Iga.  The edict also attached keepers to these places in the same way as the Sea of Takashi in the district of Ohotori in the province of Kawachi.  Right off the bat we know a few things.  First off, this is the first time we've seen an edict like this, and yet the Chronicles say that this is similar to the way that "Keepers" were attached to the Sea of Takashi in Ohotori district.  The term used for "Keepers" appears to be "shugo", which would later be used for military governors in the Kamakura period, which would eventually become the shugo daimyo and then the Sengoku daimyo—our namesake.  But in this case it appears that "shugo" is just a literal translation of a "protector".  In front of that is the word "oku", meaning to keep or preserve.  Hence Aston's translation of these people as "keepers".  What is not clear to me is whether this is a reference to something that happened earlier, and just didn't get recorded, or if the Chroniclers are talking about a later practice which the audience for the Nihon Shoki would have been familiar with.  The Takashi sea would refer to the Seto Inland Sea just off the coast of Takashi, which was in Kawachi, south of modern Osaka.    The other places we see named are the Sea of Muko, in Settsu, which would have been north and west from modern Osaka, as well as Nagino in Kii and Mino in Iga. Nagino's location is not quite certain.  Ate is likely Arida, and Nagino may be what was eventually Nago, now thought to be near or including the Hirogawa region of Wakayama.  Later there were be prohibitions on fishining in the areas of Yuasa, Hiro, and Hirogawa, so perhaps there was also a prohibition on hunting on the plains.  This is all on the west side of the Kii peninsula, south of modern Osaka, so still facing the Seto Inland Sea. Iga, however, was on the other side of the peninsula.  Given that it was in Iga district of the land of Iga, this prohibition would definitely be about hunting, and not fishing.  It is also interesting to take a look at the measurements involved.  The one clear prohibition on fishing, in the Sea of Muko, is measured in paces while the other two are mentioned as being on the "plains"—though technically it should probably be "Nagi Plain" and "Mi Plain"—and they are measured differently, in something called "shiro".  By the way, I tried to find how big a "shiro" was and I couldn't quite do it. I wonder if the difference there, though, is area versus length:  For the sea of Muko it probably meant the waters directly out from the shore of Muko, and so I imagine that the paces were measure out from a certain point, walking along the shoreline, and then you couldn't go out into the sea in those areas to fish.  For the plains you could have more definitive markers indicating a particular area that was under the prohibition. For another clue to protected areas and distances, we see later that "long-life places" were established throughout the various provinces, each one being 1000 paces.  Aston notes that "long life places" indicated areas where animals couldn't be harmed, and given that they talk about it in terms of "paces" I would assume that means these were probably more prohibitions on fishing. That language also suggests to me that there was some kind of Buddhist reasoning behind it—mercy for the creatures of the land.  It isn't clear how long these prohibitions remained in effect, either.  This may also explain an order just a few days later that a white swallow that was caught in Mike, in the land of Sanuki, should be set free.  Unusually white or albino animals were often caught and presented to the throne as auspicious omens, not always in a live state.  However, Buddhism often teaches that there is merit in releasing animals, and so this feels like it was a way of demonstrating mercy and building merit, while also acknowledging the auspicious omen that accompanied its appearance. Also in this edict is who it is directed to:  Tanaka no Ason no Norimaro, who is named as the "soryo" of Iyo.  We've mentioned this before, in passing; this was a position similar to the Dazai no Sochi.  Effectively, the government official in charge of Iyo was in charge of the entire island of Shikoku.  Unlike the Dazai no Sochi, this position does not seem to have remained for long; instead, Shikoku was divided up into separate provinces and then each province had its own governor. By the way, we've talked about Norimaro before, as well.  He was previously in charge of the mission to Silla, when they went to announce Ohoama's demise, but then ran into a bunch of diplomatic etiquette issues such that they weren't able to deliver the news—or perhaps more appropriately they decided they couldn't deliver the news.  So from representing the court on missions, Norimaro went on to become the government official in Iyo overseeing all of Shikoku.  A couple of years later he would show up again, this time sending gold and silver that had apparently been found at Mt. Mima in Uwa district—modern Uwajima.  Unfortunately, after that he disappears from the narrative, and the position seems to end with him. Speaking of animals—the presentation of auspicious plants animals continued, and was often wrapped up with amnesties and similar such things.  The year 692 seems to have been of particular significance.  There we see the Governor of Sagami presenting a pair of fledgling red crows that had been caught in Miura.  Later we see that the governor, the vice governor, and the individual who had caught the crows—Kashima no Omi no Kusu—were gifted with rank and presents, while Miura district had its taxes and forced labor remitted for a period of three years. Later that same year, the Governor of Ise presented auspicious stalks of rice while the Governor of Echizen, that is to say the western part of Koshi closest to the capital, presented a white moth.  The stalks of rice don't seem to have warranted much, but the white moth, which presumably was not just a moth that is naturally white, was apparently considered something noteworthy.  We are told that it was caught on the shore at Uragami, in the district of Tsuruga.  As such, the Fief of the Kebi no Kami—the kami of Kebi, or at least his shrine—was increased by 20 houses.  Unfortunately, we have a lacuna or gap in the text so we don't get everything else.  This is a good reminder that sometimes we don't have anything because it wasn't written down, and sometimes because accidents happen.  Either something doesn't get transcribed properly or something gets damaged early on and there aren't enough copies for it to propagate from another source. Our next omens come in 694—the same year that the Fujiwara Palace was occupied.  We are told that a white copper-pheasant was presented by Sarara in Kawachi.  So the Governor and Vice-Governor of the district received promotions, as did the many who had caught it, Osakabe no Miyatsuko no Karakuni.  Four months later, a white bat was found by a man in Araki, in Hida province.  His name was Ohokunibe no Otohi, and he didn't receive a promotion in court rank, but he did get material presents in terms of silk cloth and floss, and, perhaps more importantly, he was exempted from all forced labor for the rest of his life.  Not a bad deal, if you ask me. Now omens were good and all, but omens were hardly active expressions by the government.  When things were happening—like damaging rains—or perhaps not happening—like droughts—people wanted the government to do something.  I know it may be hard for people to believe in this day and age, but many people believed that the government was responsible for all sorts of things that it had little control over.  In this case, that was the weather, and the state could at least prepare by collecting taxes in rice and then providing relief via those same resources.  But that still only did so much.  So when months went by with no rain falling, the state would turn towards ritual.  In some cases that ritual was directed at the kami and the new Jingikan, but in other cases, it fell on Buddhist priests. So, for example, in 688 we are told that there was a drought and the court initiated prayers for rain.  Those prayers were carried out by the priest Douzou.  Douzou was of Baekje extraction, but that didn't concern the court—they just wanted to know that he was effective.  Sure enough, after praying for rain, the clouds opened up and before morning the rain had fallen.  We are told it fell "across the realm", which I'm pretty sure is hyperbole.  It probably fell all across the Nara plains and surrounding areas, which was enough for the court. In 691, they were struck with the opposite problem, which we know because the court issued an edict dated to the 19th day of the 6th month of that year.  Apparently rain had fallen for two straight months.  And while the fifth month rains—the Satsuki-ame—are well-known, this apparently had started back in the 4th month of that year, and now there was a worry that it would start to injure the crops, reducing the annual yield.  The conclusion appears to have been that the country did not have enough merit.  Therefore the ministers and officials were prohibited from the use of strong drink or meat—Aston translates it directly as "animal food".  They were also ordered to compose their hearts and repent of any sins they may have committed.  At the same time, the priests in the temples of the capital and Home provinces were told to recite sutras for five straight days.  We also know that a day later they announced an amnesty for various criminals, as well.  Another act of mercy and hopefully for making merit. And it seems to have worked.  Or one could just say that the natural monsoon rains finally stopped after a particularly heavy season.  Who's to say? In the 5th intercalary month of 692, the rains were again pretty bad.  This time it isn't that they were long, but that it was heavy rain—what Japanese meteorology reports would likely call "Oyu", or Great Rain—which brought with it floods. Unfortunately, while they could pray for rain to start or stop, floods are another matter.  By the time you know the flood has happened it is too late.  And so this is where the government's preparedness came into focus.  Commissioners were sent to visit the districts and provinces.  There they found people affected by the flooding and they were empowered to make loans to provide relief.  Furthermore, they allowed people to access resources that might otherwise have been restricted, allowing them to fish and cut wood in the hills, forests, ponds, and marshes, even if that was normally a prohibited activity, so that they could sustain themselves until they were able to get back on their feet.  At the same time, the Sutra of Golden Light, the Konkwoumyou Sutra, one of the sutras for protecting the state, was to be read aloud in the capital and the Home Provinces.  The Sutra of Golden Light is the one which not only talks about the Shitennou, the four heavenly kings, but also emphasizes that if rulers support and honor the recitation of the sutra, then their kingdoms would be prosperous and peaceful, so what better time to read it than during or just after a disaster? There were other recitations and congregations that were not quite so obviously connected.  In 690, there were discourses in the inner precinct of the palace during the "Vassa", known in Japanese as "Ango" or "Dwelling in Peace".  This comes from the tradition in Buddhism where it is said that the Buddha and his disciples, though normally traveling around the countryside, would come together during the rainy season.  During this time they would talk and share.  It is still practiced in many Theravada schools, where monks will gather in temples during the rainy season.  Of course, as we've discussed, the 5th month was right in the middle of Japan's rainy season, so it seems like they may have been attempting to emulate that tradition. Three years later, we are told that they held a great-congregation of monks on that same date—the 15th day of the 5th month.  This is not referred to as an Ango, however, possibly noting a change in the way they were organizing or conducting it—or possibly just because it was referred to differently in the record the Chroniclers used.  That said, a great-congregation was simply a Buddhist gathering, where various priests would provide sermons or sutra readings, and not necessarily tied to a particular time.  Another one was called in the 9th month of 693 on behalf of the late sovereign, Ohoama and all prisoners were released, which was no doubt merit seen as accruing to the late sovereign. A month after that, the Benevolent King Sutra, or Ninnou-kyou, was expounded in the provinces for four days.  This is another one of the sutras considered important for the well-being of the state. In 694 we have 100 copies of the Konkwoumyou sutra—the Sutra of Golden Light—being sent out to the provinces, with the intent that they should be read together, at a certain time, when the moon of the first month was in the first quarter.  Any fees or resources needed by the temples to carry this out were to be defrayed from the public revenues of the provinces.  As Aston points out, "revenues" in this case would not necessarily be cash money.  Not that they didn't have coins—they had the Fuhonsen coins from Ohoama's time; see Episode 146 for more information.  We are even told that in 694 the court appointed three officials—Ohoyake no Maro, Utena no Yashima, and Kibumi no Honjitsu—to be governors for the mint, although Aston notes a Shoku Nihongi account from 708 that claimed that was the "first time" the title was given out.  Either way, even though they were minting coins, these wouldn't have been in common circulation.  The government may have used them to pay for things, but taxes coming in, especially in the provinces would have been in-kind taxes, meaning that the revenue to the temples were likely paid in rice, cloth, or similar. We similarly see another edict to read the Golden Light sutra on the first day of the twelfth month of 696.  This time it wasn't just a one time reading, though: they were setting a precedent.  The edict was to expound the Sutra of Golden Light and then, every year hence, they would schedule ten people of pure life who should be inducted as monks on the eve of the New Year.  I have to wonder about how they had people take orders—and whether it was a lifelong commitment or, as in some cultures, today, a temporary position.  After all, Ohoama took orders but didn't exactly remain "retired" for all that long. The same thing had happened back in 694, when one hundred and four people were made to enter religion for the sake of Royal Princess Asuka.  So how long did they remain Buddhist priests? There is a reference, in 693, of a priest being stripped of his monkhood.  It was done by royal order for a Goguryeo priest Fukuka, and it isn't made clear why.  Was it something that the priest wanted?  Maybe they wanted to stop being a monk for some reason?  Or was it done as a punishment?  There was apparently a great-congregation only about two weeks prior.  Maybe there was some drama?  We'll probably never know. In 697, there was an uptick in merit-making.  In the third month, a great-congregation was being held in the Eastern Palace.  The Eastern Palace was the home of the Crown Prince, so this may have something to do with the planned succession, but then in the 6th month we see a bunch of things happening.  There was a royal order for sutras to be read in temples in the Home Provinces, and then, nine days later, an order that people of 5th rank and lower were to go spend time cleaning out the temples in the capital.  On the 26th, 11 days after that, we get a record the seems to bring this into focus, as the Ministers and public functionaries started making votive images of the Buddha for the sake of Uno no Sarara's illness.  It seems that she was feeling unwell, which probably kicked off a lot of this activity, and may even be why she finally decided to abdicate.  There was one more seemingly related note.  On the 29th day of the 7th month the Ministers and public functionaries prepared a festival for the installation of Buddhist images in the temple of Yakushiji.  This was the temple Ohoama had originally commissioned for Uno no Sarara during his reign when she was sick back then.  She had recovered, then, and she would recover again—but her faith in the healing power of the Buddha may have been limited.  She would abdicate a few days later, leaving the throne to Prince Karu—the future Monmu Tennou. One last thing, somewhat tangential, it seems.  In the 11th month of 693, three priests, Houin, Zen'ou, and Shingi, set out, along with others, to the Yasu district in Afumi to taste the sweet wine of the local springs.  This is likely the area around the Yasu river, where it flows northwest from the mountains into Lake Biwa.  Today it is Yasu city on one side of the river and Moriyama city on the other. They apparently came back in the third month of the following year, as that is when we get a royal edict concerning said springs.  Based on that, we are told that the spring of quote-unquote "sweet wine" or "sweet sake" bubbled up at Mt. Tsuga in the Yasu district of Afumi.  Mt. Tsuga, or Tsugayama, may be related to "Moriyama", and Moriyama city is still known for the spring water that comes out of the nearby mountains. In the edict they mention that people who were afflicted with various disease would stay at Yasudera, where they presumably drank the water from the springs, and many of them found themselves healed.  For this miraculous occurrence, the temple itself was awarded four chou of rice-land, and an amount of cloth.  In addition, the district of Yasu was exempted from taxes and forced labor, as well as from any other kinds of corvees that might be levied, for at least one year.  Local authorities were promoted a grade in rank, and gifts were made out to those who were credited with first discovering the springs and their miraculous properties—Kadono no Hatsuki and the daughter of Kudara no Tsurara. A couple of extra notes, based on what we see here.  First off, it is unfortunately too often the case that we see women described like this—the daughter of so-and-so—without providing an actual name.  It is interesting that she is the daughter of someone with the name "Kudara", meaning "Baekje".  During the reign of Naka no Ohoe, aka Tenji Tennou, a number of Baekje people were settled in the areas around Lake Biwa and the Echi River, the next major river to the northeast. The temple mentioned, Yasudera, would have been the local temple, probably run by the local elites.  That likely means the Yasu no Atai family.  The temple itself is no more, and we aren't sure exactly where it was, but there is a strong case to be made that archaeological remains at Yoshimi-chou, in modern Moriyama city, might be that temple.  Still, there is no conclusive evidence. As for springs having healing properties—this is nothing new.  Minerals could have given the water a sweet taste, or perhaps there was something that clouded it, like nigori-zake—unfiltered rice wine.  Whether or not there were any natural healing properties I leave up to your own imagining.  Did people actually benefit from the waters?  Or maybe just because they believed?  Was the fact that a Buddhist temple was involved part of it, or is this just the same thing we see with people going to various springs and imparting to them some healing properties? Either way, it seems that at some point the spring no longer produced the "sweet wine" that had made it famous in its day, and people moved on to a different location. For now, I think we can stop here.  We have probably one more episode talking about specific items from this reign, but we are starting to get more and more sources, including the poetry of the Man'yoshu, which I hope to dig into here in a bit.  Plus a few other things in the works. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

The 21st century, and in particular the last five years, have seen a significant increase in the use of drones in warfare. Unmanned weapons, often cheaper than many of the more complicated and advanced weapons used by major powers like the US and Russia, seem to be aiding defenders and making the battlefield more even. What can these drones do? Do they make wars more likely to break out? Or do they improve the defenders abilities and hence serve as cautionary tale against aggression? And how do they change the battlefield? [ dur: 30mins. ] Ori Swed is Associate Professor of Sociology at Texas Tech University. He is Director of the Peace, War & Social Conflict Laboratory. He is the co-author of “Emulating underdogs: Tactical drones in the Russia-Ukraine war” And “The Empirical Determinants of Violent Nonstate Actor Drone Adoption“ Roberto J. González is a professor of anthropology at San Jose State University. He is the author of The Quest to Automate Conflict, Militarize Data, and Predict the Future (2022) Hugh Gusterson is Professor of Anthropology and Public Policy at the University of British Colombia. He is the author of Drone: Remote Control Warfare and with Professor Gonzalez the co-editor of Militarization: A Reader. In response to the devastation of World War I, world leaders lead by France and the US negotiated the Kellogg-Briand Pact. This outlawed aggressive war and outlined the crime of aggression. It was the legal foundation for one of the crimes prosecuted at Nuremberg and Tokyo following World War II. And the UN Charter, specifically Article 2 (4), not only outlaws aggressive war but even threatening aggressive war. But the definition of aggressive war has been a legal and political challenge for the last 100 years. Perhaps no current scholar has been more committed, more influential, and more productive on this specific issue than our current guest. [ dur: 28mins. ] Jennifer Trahan has a new book on this precise issue. In The Crime of Aggression and Russia's Invasion of Ukraine, she uses this very current and incredibly important case to demonstrate the historical development of this crime and the need to harmonize its definition and to prosecute its violation. Jennifer Trahan is a Clinical Professor and Director of the Concentration in International Law and Human Rights at NYU's Center for Global Affairs. This program is produced by Doug Becker, Maria Armoudian, Ankine Aghassian, Anna Lapin and Sudd Dongre. Politics and Activism, War / Weapons, drones, warfare, laws on war

Gendel Gento explores a recently refurbished hotel bar in Tokyo, which is a must-visit for cinephiles.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Quando qualcuno ti annuncia una partenza, la risposta automatica è quasi sempre la stessa: "Buon viaggio!" È un'espressione corretta, ma piuttosto generica. In questo articolo trovi una serie di alternative più precise e naturali, organizzate per contesto e registro, per arricchire il tuo italiano in modo concreto. Le Alternative più EFFICACI a "Buon Viaggio" in Italiano 1. Alternative Universali Queste espressioni funzionano in qualsiasi contesto, formale o informale, con chiunque. "Buon Volo!" È la versione più specifica di "buon viaggio". Si usa esclusivamente quando qualcuno viaggia in aereo e dimostra che stai prestando attenzione al tipo di viaggio della persona, senza ricorrere a una formula generica. "Domani parti per Tokyo? Buon volo!" "Buon Rientro!" / "Buon Ritorno!" Attenzione: questa espressione non si usa prima della partenza, ma quando qualcuno torna a casa. È l'augurio per il viaggio di ritorno. "Buon rientro" è più comune nel parlato quotidiano, mentre "buon ritorno" ha un tono leggermente più formale o letterario. "Allora, sei stato bene a Parigi? Buon rientro!" "Vai e Torna!" Un'espressione affettuosa e diffusa in tutta Italia, rivolta a una persona cara. Il senso implicito è: "Vai pure dove devi andare, ma ricordati di tornare." È una formula breve che trasmette molto calore in poche parole. "Marco, domani parti per tre mesi? Vai e torna!" "Stammi Bene!" Un'espressione affettuosa e informale che equivale a "prenditi cura di te mentre sei via." Potresti sentire anche la variante "Statti bene!", molto usata nel parlato colloquiale, ma si tratta di una forma non standard — la versione corretta è "Stammi bene!" Per salutare più persone contemporaneamente si usa la forma plurale: "Statemi bene!" "Allora, domani parti? Stammi bene!" "Ragazzi, ci vediamo al vostro ritorno! Statemi bene!" 2. Espressioni per Contesti Specifici Il tipo di viaggio influenza la scelta dell'espressione. Ecco le principali situazioni e le formule più adatte. Per un Viaggio di Lavoro "In Bocca al Lupo per il Viaggio e per il Lavoro!" È l'espressione italiana per augurare buona fortuna, equivalente all'inglese "good luck!". La risposta corretta è "Crepi il lupo!", spesso abbreviata semplicemente in "Crepi!" Attenzione: rispondere con "grazie" è considerato di cattivo augurio nella tradizione italiana. "Domani ho il colloquio più importante della mia vita" — "In bocca al lupo!" — "Crepi!" "Spero (che) Vada Tutto Liscio!" "Liscio" letteralmente significa smooth, e "andare liscio" è un'espressione idiomatica che indica l'assenza di problemi o imprevisti. Si usa per augurare un viaggio o un impegno lavorativo senza intoppi. "Ho una presentazione importantissima a Milano..." — "Spero vada tutto liscio!" Per una Vacanza "Goditi Ogni Momento!" Un augurio personale e sincero, adatto a chi ha bisogno di staccare dalla routine. Invita la persona a vivere l'esperienza pienamente, senza pensieri. "Finalmente due settimane alle Canarie!" — "Goditi ogni momento!" "Ricarica le Batterie!" Espressione idiomatica molto usata nel parlato contemporaneo. Significa riposarsi e recuperare energia. Si usa in particolare quando la persona è stanca o stressata e ha bisogno di una pausa. "Sei stressato ultimamente..." — "Lo so, ho bisogno di vacanze!" — "Vai, ricarica le batterie!" "Buone Vacanze!" Un'alternativa diretta e universale, adatta quando si sa che la persona sarà via per più giorni. Meno personale delle precedenti, ma naturale e corretta in qualsiasi situazione. "Parto domani per la Grecia, torno tra dieci giorni!" — "Buone vacanze!" Per un Viaggio Lungo o Avventuroso "Buona Avventura!" Un augurio entusiasta, adatto a chi parte per un trekking, un viaggio zaino in spalla o un percorso impegnativo. Comunica che stai riconoscendo il valore di quello che la persona sta per fare. "Parto per sei mesi in Sud America con lo zaino in spalla!" — "Buona avventura!" "Che Sia un Viaggio Indimenticabile!" Un augurio più poetico, adatto a occasioni speciali. Non si augura solo un viaggio senza problemi, ma un'esperienza che resti nel tempo. Nota grammaticale: il verbo "sia" è il congiuntivo presente di "essere", usato qui in una frase esclamativa senza soggetto esplicito. In italiano questo tipo di costruzione è tipica degli auguri: "Che tu possa essere felice!", "Che vada tutto bene!" "Domani parto per il viaggio di nozze in Giappone!" — "Che sia un viaggio indimenticabile!" "Fai Esperienze Bellissime!" Un augurio semplice ma genuino. Sposta l'attenzione non sulla logistica del viaggio, ma sui momenti vissuti, che sono spesso la parte più memorabile. "Parto per un anno in Australia!" — "Fai esperienze bellissime!" Nota: queste espressioni possono essere combinate liberamente a seconda del contesto. Non esiste una regola rigida — più elementi insieme rendono l'augurio più ricco e personalizzato. 3. Formale vs Informale: Come Adattare gli Auguri In italiano il registro linguistico cambia a seconda dell'interlocutore. Ecco come adattare gli auguri di viaggio nelle due situazioni principali. Registro Formale (con il Capo, Clienti, Persone Poco Conosciute) EspressioneQuando usarlaEsempio"Le auguro un felice viaggio."Email formali, superiori, contesti professionali"Professore, Le auguro un felice viaggio per il convegno a Londra.""Spero che il viaggio proceda senza intoppi."Contesto lavorativo, email al capo"Gentile Dottor Rossi, spero che il viaggio proceda senza intoppi.""Le auguro un piacevole soggiorno."Hotel, strutture ricettive, contesti professionali"Benvenuto al nostro hotel, signor Bianchi. Le auguro un piacevole soggiorno." Approfondimento: nelle espressioni formali è fondamentale l'uso del "Lei" di cortesia, che indica rispetto e distanza professionale. Da notare anche il congiuntivo presente ("proceda") in "Spero che il viaggio proceda senza intoppi" — uno dei tempi verbali più caratteristici dell'italiano formale. Curiosità lessicale: "Soggiorno" in italiano ha due significati: 1) il salotto di casa, 2) la permanenza in un luogo. "Le auguro un piacevole soggiorno" fa riferimento al secondo significato e si usa sia in hotel che in contesti professionali più ampi. Registro Informale (con Amici, Familiari, Colleghi Stretti) EspressioneSignificato / UsoEsempio"Divertiti un mondo!"Significa "divertiti moltissimo". Si usa per viaggi in posti divertenti."Vado a Ibiza per una settimana!" — "Divertiti un mondo!""Mandami le foto!"Non è un augurio, ma è una formula tipicamente italiana per dire "mi interessa quello che farai.""Domani parto per New York!" — "Mandami le foto!""Non combinare guai!"Scherzosa e affettuosa, adatta solo con persone molto conosciute. Ha un tono ironico."Parto per Barcellona con gli amici!" — "Va bene, ma non combinare guai!""Fai il bravo / la brava!"Scherzosa e informale. Tra adulti ha un tono ironico e affettuoso."Sarò ad Amsterdam questo weekend!" — "Fai il bravo!""Porta qualcosa di buono da mangiare!"Non è un augurio, ma una formula tipicamente italiana che riflette il legame culturale con il cibo."Andrò in Sicilia a fine mese!" — "Porta qualcosa di buono da mangiare!" 4. Espressioni Legate al Viaggio da Usare in Conversazione Oltre agli auguri, ci sono alcune frasi che gli italiani usano comunemente quando parlano di viaggi — sia prima della partenza che al ritorno. "Hai Fatto Buon Viaggio?" / "Com'è Andato il Viaggio?" "Hai fatto buon viaggio?" è la domanda più comune al rientro di qualcuno: serve a mostrare interesse dopo un lungo tragitto. "Com'è andato il viaggio?" è una variante più aperta e colloquiale, che invita l'interlocutore a raccontare anziché rispondere con un semplice sì o no. "Finalmente sei tornato! Com'è andato il viaggio?" "Sei Arrivato/a Sano/a e Salvo/a?" Un'espressione affettuosa, equivalente all'inglese "safe and sound". Si usa soprattutto dopo un viaggio lungo o faticoso, per accertarsi che la persona sia arrivata senza problemi. Nota grammaticale: gli aggettivi "sano" e "salvo" concordano con il genere della persona — "sano e salvo" al maschile, "sana e salva" al femminile. È un aspetto importante della grammatica italiana che vale la pena ricordare. "Ciao mamma, sono tornata!" — "Meno male! Sei arrivata sana e salva?" "Il Viaggio È Stato un Incubo / un Sogno." Due espressioni figurate per descrivere un viaggio: "un incubo" per qualcosa di molto negativo (ritardi, disorganizzazione, problemi), "un sogno" per qualcosa di particolarmente piacevole e senza intoppi. "Com'è andata?" — "Il viaggio è stato un incubo: tre ore di ritardo e la valigia persa!" "Com'è andata?" — "Un sogno! Mare cristallino, cibo ottimo, nessun problema." "Ho Fatto un Viaggio della Speranza." Questa espressione ha un significato originariamente molto serio: si riferisce alle persone che emigrano in cerca di condizioni di vita migliori, spesso affrontando situazioni di pericolo. È un'espressione culturalmente importante da conoscere, anche se nell'uso quotidiano viene a volte impiegata in modo ironico — ad esempio per descrivere un viaggio particolarmente lungo e difficoltoso. "Ho Girato Mezzo Mondo!" Un'espressione iperbolica per dire che si è viaggiato molto. "Girare" in italiano significa anche visitare posti, spostarsi — e "mezzo mondo" è ovviamente un'esagerazione, usata per enfatizzare. "Quanti paesi hai visitato?" — "Tanti, ho girato mezzo mondo!" Riepilogo: Tutte le Espressioni a Colpo d'Occhio EspressioneContestoRegistroBuon volo!Chi viaggia in aereoUniversaleBuon rientro! / Buon ritorno!Quando qualcuno torna a casaUniversaleVai e torna!Persona cara che parteInformale / affettuosoStammi bene! / Statemi bene!Saluto pre-partenzaInformaleIn bocca al lupo!...

In this episode we examine who can take a shot from the Boston Leather, Trump bones cattle farmers, Trump diaper picture, Trump renames lake Ontario, food recalls all over the place, champion race horse turned into soup after being donated, fast food begging people to come back after soaring prices, man who fired 900 employees over Zoom gets fired himself and is mad, two female Houston cops jump in an Uber to chase man on foot and still lose him, and much more! Sorry we are late I am dealing with some health issues. In this ep we talk the merits of the skullet, goin commando, Trump plane swap, MySpace is making a comeback, CNN makes montage of Trump sayin he has a deal with Iran, Elon Musk actin an ass, man robs store he works at then returns to work, and much more! Email here: tokyoblackhour@gmail.com Check us out Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/TokyoBlackHour/   Check out the Youtube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_C1Txvh93PHEsnA-qOp6g?view_as=subscriber Follow us on Twitter @TokyoBlackPod Get your apparel at https://tkbpandashop.com/  You can also catch us Apple Podcasts, Google Play, and Spotify Check out the mix here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=outOhNt1vBA&t=1167s Need a logo for your business go here www.fiverr.com/eyeballa/buying

There were so many folks got taken from us this week that we had to give them their own spot to keep the episode manageable. RIP to those we have lost these past two weeks

In this week's Bravo Breakdown, Jessica dives into Season 20 Episode 8 of The Real Housewives of Orange County, where the sangria is flowing, the shade is subtle-but-deadly, and Fancy Pants is serving… contradictions. From IV drips and Raising Cane's chicken to dog training, budget worksheets, and a hot dog party in Rancho Santa Fe, Jess unpacks every moment. The women meet Danny, joke about Midwest food rules, and witness Carmella accidentally deliver one of the most jaw‑dropping one‑liners of the season. Heather's “SONGRIA” moment becomes instant Housewives canon, sparking playful teasing and a deeper confrontation between her and Emily about control, spotlight, and group dynamics. The episode closes with a candid discussion about phone passcodes, infidelity trauma, and relationship trust, followed by a teaser for the next big adventure: the ladies are headed to Tokyo. And in a shocking preview, Alexis and John Janssen appear at a future event — setting the stage for emotional fallout and major drama ahead. Support the show

Tonight, we welcome JJ from Southern Demonology, joining us from Virginia. His paranormal encounters began in an old Appalachian log cabin, but they did not end there. Tonight, JJ will take us from the shadowed mountains of Virginia to the mist-shrouded landscapes of Japan, sharing unsettling encounters from two very different cultures. Different countries, different beliefs, but perhaps the same unseen world waiting in the darkness.More information on this episode on the podcast website:Southern Demonology Podcasthttps://www.youtube.com/southerndemonologyIf you enjoy this podcast, please support the show with a virtual coffee:https://ko-fi.com/ufochroniclespodcastFollow and Subscribe on X to get ad-free episodesX: https://x.com/UFOchronpodcast/Want to share your encounter on the show?Email: UFOChronicles@gmail.comOr Fill out Guest Form:https://forms.gle/uGQ8PTVRkcjy4nxS7Podcast Merchandise:https://www.teepublic.com/user/ufo-chronicles-podcastHelp Support UFO CHRONICLES by becoming a Patron:https://patreon.com/UFOChroniclespodcastAll Links for Podcast:https://linktr.ee/UFOChroniclesPodcastThank you for listening!Like share and subscribe it really helps me when people share the show on social media, it means we can reach more people and more witnesses and without your amazing support, it wouldn't be possible.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/ufo-chronicles-podcast--3395068/support.

Tonight, we welcome JJ from Southern Demonology, joining us from Virginia. His paranormal encounters began in an old Appalachian log cabin, but they did not end there. Tonight, JJ will take us from the shadowed mountains of Virginia to the mist-shrouded landscapes of Japan, sharing unsettling encounters from two very different cultures. Different countries, different beliefs, but perhaps the same unseen world waiting in the darkness.More information on this episode on the podcast website:https://ufochroniclespodcast.com/ep-401-the-thing-on-the-balcony/Southern Demonology Podcasthttps://www.youtube.com/southerndemonologyIf you enjoy this podcast, please support the show with a virtual coffee:https://ko-fi.com/ufochroniclespodcastFollow and Subscribe on X to get ad-free episodesX: https://x.com/UFOchronpodcast/Want to share your encounter on the show?Email: UFOChronicles@gmail.comOr Fill out Guest Form:https://forms.gle/uGQ8PTVRkcjy4nxS7Podcast Merchandise:https://www.teepublic.com/user/ufo-chronicles-podcastHelp Support UFO CHRONICLES by becoming a Patron:https://patreon.com/UFOChroniclespodcastAll Links for Podcast:https://linktr.ee/UFOChroniclesPodcastThank you for listening!Like share and subscribe it really helps me when people share the show on social media, it means we can reach more people and more witnesses and without your amazing support, it wouldn't be possible.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/ufo-chronicles-podcast--3395068/support.

Get a monthly bonus episode and support the podcast at patreon.com/RisingFunPod!Jordan (RisingFunVids) talks with Alex (@thehappyzan) about the temporary immersive exhibition 'Mundo Pixar Experience' that has come to Tokyo. Why it's overpriced, Tokyo Disney is overpriced, and the problem of how constantly being told rules can spoil a lot of experiences in Tokyo.Want to bring the magical scents of your favourite rides and attractions into your home? Visit magiccandlecompany.com/risingfun and use promo code RISINGFUN to get 15% off your entire order (and support the podcast)!

Can you imagine being a tree? Robert Moor has spent years trying—climbing into their canopies, studying their biology and learning to see trees in ways most of us don't. He considers himself a “tree person.”Moor believes that when you spend a lot of time in trees, time slows down—and branching and pruning can become life lessons. He's interested not just in how trees grow, but in what they might teach us about ourselves. In his book In Trees, he says his goal isn't to anthropomorphize trees but to “arborize” humanity.Moor has taken his obsession with trees to unusual places: climbing to the tops of giant sequoias; traveling to Tokyo to meet master bonsai artists; becoming a “tree sitter” to protest an oil pipeline. He's fascinated by “family trees” and Darwin's Tree of Life, and by our own evolutionary history in the trees of Africa. He traveled to Ethiopia to see Lucy, the famous 3-million-year-old fossil skeleton, and to Tanzania to sleep in a chimpanzee nest. (It was a miserable experience.)He knows something about living among trees: 13 years ago, he and his husband moved from New York City to a cabin in the woods of British Columbia—and never left.—00:00:00 Introduction00:07:20 Climbers and Bonsai Masters00:22:15 Environmentalism's Shadow History00:28:45 Sleeping in a Chimpanzee Nest00:37:20 Tree Sitters and Hope— Website Book: In Trees Italo Calvino's The Baron in the Trees Bonsai artist Masahiko Kimura Julia Butterfly Hill Tree climber Tim Kovar Wonder Cabinet is hosted by Anne Strainchamps and Steve Paulson. Find out more about the show at https://wondercabinetproductions.com, where you can subscribe to the podcast and our newsletter.

Blending different cultures, whether artistically or internationally, comes into play in everyone's mokuhanga. Your work is infused with your life, your city, your family, and even cultures from abroad. I personally think it's inescapable, and that's what makes mokuhanga such a beautiful medium to explore. On this episode of The Unfinished Print: A Mokuhanga Podcast, I speak with Inga Eičaitė, a mokuhanga printmaker who splits her time between London, England, and Lithuania. Inga and I discuss her mokuhanga work and what inspires her to make it, her love of anime, mixing different printmaking mediums with her mokuhanga, comparing the use of Korean hanji paper and Japanese washi, and making emakimono. We also discuss how community has become an important part of Inga's practice through art fairs, and Inga speaks about her time in Lithuania and her desire to help grow mokuhanga there. Please follow The Unfinished Print and my own mokuhanga work on Instagram @andrezadoroznyprints or email me theunfinishedprint@gmail.com Notes: may contain a hyperlink. Simply click on the highlighted word or phrase. Artists works follow after the note if available. Pieces are mokuhanga unless otherwise noted. Dimensions are given if known. Print publishers are given if known. Inga Eičaitė - website, Instagram Angel_o18_For Shinji Ikari (2025) 36cm x 56.5cm Bauhaus (art/design) — A German art and design school founded in 1919 that combined art, craft, and architecture. It emphasized simplicity, functionality, geometric forms, and the idea that good design should be accessible and useful. Jainism — An ancient Indian religion centered on non-violence (ahimsa), compassion, self-discipline, and respect for all living beings. Jain philosophy places a strong emphasis on avoiding harm and living a spiritually disciplined life. Cowboy Bebop — A landmark Japanese anime series from 1998 that follows a group of bounty hunters travelling through a futuristic solar system. It blends science fiction, noir, Westerns, crime, and jazz, with a strong emphasis on character, atmosphere, and music. Evangelion — Neon Genesis Evangelion is a Japanese anime series from 1995 that combines mecha science fiction with psychological, philosophical, and religious themes. It follows teenagers piloting giant machines called Evangelions while confronting mysterious enemies and their own emotional struggles. MI Lab - is a mokuhanga artists residency located in Kawaguchi-ko, near Mount Fuji. More info can be found, here.    Ozu Washi - is a paper store located in the Nihonbashi district of Tokyo. website, Instagram   Jon Lee - is a mokuhanga printmaker and tool maker based in Arizona. His interview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.    nb2203 (2025)   East London Printmakers — A London-based, artist-run printmaking studio and collective that supports artists through access to printmaking facilities, technical expertise, workshops, and a community of printmakers. It is particularly associated with contemporary and experimental approaches to printmaking. Raluca Iancu — is a Romanian-American printmaker and educator whose practice includes mokuhanga and other forms of printmaking. Raluca is an Associate Professor of Art & Visual Culture, Printmaking, at Iowa State University and serves as Vice-Chair of the International Mokuhanga Association. Her work can be found here. Overpasses 5.01 (Itoshima) (2023) Carol Wilhide Justin - is a mokuhanga printmaker based in London, England. Her work focuses on the natural world and the process of making mokuhanga. Carol's interview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.  Meanwhile (2017) 90 cm x 60 cm Michiko Hamada - is a mokuhanga printmaker based in Japan. She is an instructor at MI Lab. Her Instagram can be found, here.  Until It Dissapears (2022) 41 cm x 47cm Chihiro Taki (b. 1988) - is a mokuhanga printmaker who lives and works in Japan. She helps to teach students at MI Lab as an instructor.  あるく日 (2015) 140cm x 100cm mokume — A Japanese woodblock printing technique in which the grain and texture of the wood are used to create a distinctive, organic pattern in the printed image. Osamu Sugiyama - 10 Views of Mt. Fuji - Moonlight over Shinobino Moor (33cm x 43cm)  hanji — Traditional Korean paper made primarily from the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree (dak). Its production involves a highly developed process of pulping, sheet formation and drying. Traditional knowledge and skills associated with hanji-making are currently being considered for inscription on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2026. Jackson's Art Supplies — A major British art-materials retailer founded in London in 2000, supplying a wide range of fine-art materials, papers, paints, brushes and specialist tools. It now has shops including locations in Dalston and Fulham. More, here.   Shepherds London — A specialist London supplier of fine papers, bookbinding materials and related craft supplies, particularly known for high-quality and handmade papers used by artists, printers, bookbinders and designers. More info, here. Jacek Machowski - is a prolific mokuhanga printmaker based in Poland. Jacek explores mokuhanga in all its dimensions, testing and making tools, as well as collaborating with other printmakers. His interiview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.  More info for Jacek can be found, here.  Matthew Willie Garcia — is a printmaker whose practice includes mokuhanga, screen printing, projection mapping, animation, and large-scale installation. His colourful and distinctive work explores queer identity, often using ideas of time, space, science fiction, and the universe as points of departure. At the time of this writing, Matthew was the Grant Wood Printmaking Fellow at the University of Iowa, where he held the fellowship from 2024–2025. His interview with The Unfinished Print can be found here. More information about Matthew and his work can be found, here.  Betazuri (ベタ摺り) — a mokuhanga printing technique in which a large, solid area of colour or ink is printed evenly across the paper, rather than using the woodgrain or leaving areas unprinted. It is often used for backgrounds or broad areas of flat colour.     © Popular Wheat Productions logo designed and produced by Douglas Batchelor and André Zadorozny  Introduction music while working - Ramsey Lewis Trio - Summer Breeze (1974) & Charlie Parker - Summertime (1949) Disclaimer: Please do not reproduce or use anything from this podcast without shooting me an email and getting my express written or verbal consent. I'm friendly :) The opinions expressed by guests on The Unfinished Print: A Mokuhanga Podcast do not necessarily represent the opinions or beliefs of André Zadorozny.   

The bomb ended the war in one sentence. The real story took five months and a president three weeks into the job.Everybody thinks they know this ending: two cities, two bombs, one date, case closed. James M. Scott has spent twenty years proving otherwise. He's a Pulitzer Prize finalist, New York Times bestseller, and the author of Black Snow, Rampage, Target Tokyo, The War Below, and The Attack on the Liberty (plus Targeted: Beirut, co-written with Jack Carr). He teaches as scholar in residence at the Citadel, leads battlefield tours, and somehow still finds time to write books that make eighty-year-old history feel like it happened last Tuesday.His latest, Empire of Ashes (W. W. Norton), picks up where his last book, Black Snow, left off — and goes looking for the part of the story everybody skips.Before Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there was March 9, 1945: the single deadliest air raid of World War II, deadlier than Dresden by a factor of four, and somehow the raid history forgot. Scott explains why Japanese cities burned the way German cities never could, and how one Time magazine headline and some peer pressure from the British helped talk America into a new level of warfare.We also cover:Scott's take on the “othering” argument for why the bombs got dropped — and what he found in Curtis LeMay's and Leslie Groves's own papers insteadHow Scott tracked down survivor accounts from Hiroshima's archive that had never been published in English, and what it's like sitting in a survivor's living room Harry Truman's letters home from the trenches of World War I, written decades before he'd need every bit of that experience to make the hardest decision of his presidencyWhat Oppenheimer got wrong about Truman's personality (spoiler: the “crybaby” scene did some heavy lifting for the movie that the historical record doesn't fully back up)The end of Dad Books?The Truman Presidential LibraryHistoric Missouri (chock full of Truman!)This is also just a great conversation about how a career gets built by accident — Scott went to Japan in the '90s expecting a gap year and came home with a life's work, one classroom conversation about firebombing at a time.WATCH the video edition — with archival photos from James M. Scott's own research, plus material from the Truman Presidential Library, Wikipedia, and other fair-use sources — is up now for paid supporters of Alex's Substack, All the Fits That's News. Hearing about the Tokyo fire raids is one thing. Seeing the photographs while Scott talks about them is another. It will be up free soon, so subscribe NOW to see it NOW!Find James M. Scott: JamesMScott.com — books, tours, and everything else.Empire of Ashes is out now from W. W. Norton, wherever you buy books.Mysterious Goings On is celebrating its 11th year of author interviews, craft talk, and the occasional trip somewhere you legally can't go. New episodes drop weekly — subscribe wherever you listen, and catch the video extras at All the Fits That's News.CONNECT with ALEX:​⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠All the Fits That's News on Substack (Free or Paid)⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠​⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Alex's Author Website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Buy a Book!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Going to Killing City...Alex's True Crime Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Book J. Alexander Greenwood for keynotes, panels, podcasts, and live conversations:⁠⁠Speaking & Media FAQ⁠⁠Mysterious Goings On Podcast episode was recorded and mixed at Green Shebeen Studios in Kansas City, Missouri. Copyright 2026 all rights reserved. No reproduction, excerpting, or other use without written permission.

This week on Taking Stock, Rahul Tandon is joined by journalist Nga Pham in Hanoi, Vietnam, and economist Justin Wolfers in Michigan, USA, to unpack Nvidia's soaring quarterly results and what they signal about the global race in artificial intelligence.They also discuss Meta's settlement agreement and the wider regulatory pressures facing tech giants, as well as fresh sanctions imposed on Iran by the United States. Presenter: Rahul Tandon Producer: Rebecca Smyllie(Photo credit: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang speaks during a doorstep after attending the AI Ecosystem Reception in Tokyo, Japan, July 16, 2026. REUTERS/Manami Yamada/File Photo)

Emile Alexandrov is an assistant professor of philosophy, formerly at the University of Tyumen in Russia, and currently a visiting scholar at Waseda University in Tokyo. He is author of The Other Platonist Beginning and Metaphysics and Ineffable. New Thinking Allowed host, Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD, is author of The Roots of Consciousness, Psi Development Systems, and The PK Man. Between 1986 and 2002 he hosted and co-produced the original Thinking Allowed public television series. He is the recipient of the only doctoral diploma in "parapsychology" ever awarded by an accredited university (University of California, Berkeley, 1980). He is also the Grand Prize winner of the 2021 Bigelow Institute essay competition regarding the best evidence for survival of human consciousness after permanent bodily death. He is Co-Director of Parapsychology Education at the California Institute for Human Science. (Recorded on Saturday, August 15, 2026) For a complete, updated list with links to all of our videos, see https://newthinkingallowed.com/Listings.htm. Check out the New Thinking Allowed Foundation website at http://www.newthinkingallowed.org. There you will find our incredible, searchable database as well as opportunities to shop and to support our video productions – plus, this is where people can subscribe to our FREE, weekly Newsletter and can download a FREE .pdf copy of our quarterly magazine. To order high-quality, printed copies of our quarterly magazine: NTA-Magazine.MagCloud.com Check out New Thinking Allowed's AI chatbot. You can create a free account at awakin.ai/open/jeffreymishlove. When you enter the space, you will see that our chatbot is one of several you can interact with. While it is still a work in progress, it has been trained on 1,600 NTA transcripts. It can provide intelligent answers about the contents of our interviews. It's almost like having a conversation with Jeffrey Mishlove. If you would like to join our team of volunteers, helping to promote the New Thinking Allowed YouTube channel on social media, editing and translating videos, creating short video trailers based on our interviews, helping to upgrade our website, or contributing in other ways (we may not even have thought of), please send an email to friends@newthinkingallowed.com. To download and listen to audio versions of the New Thinking Allowed videos, please visit our new podcast at https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/new-thinking-allowed-audio-podcast/id1435178031. Download and read Jeffrey Mishlove's Grand Prize essay in the Bigelow Institute competition, Beyond the Brain: The Survival of Human Consciousness After Permanent Bodily Death, go to https://www.bigelowinstitute.org/docs/1st.pdf. You can help support our video productions while enjoying a good book. To order a copy of New Thinking Allowed Dialogues: Is There Life After Death? click on https://amzn.to/3LzLA7Y (As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.) To order the second book in the New Thinking Allowed Dialogues series, Russell Targ: Ninety Years of ESP, Remote Viewing, and Timeless Awareness, go to https://amzn.to/4aw2iyr To order a copy of New Thinking Allowed Dialogues: UFOs and UAP – Are We Really Alone?, go to https://amzn.to/3Y0VOVh To order a copy of Charles T. Tart: Seventy Years of Exploring Consciousness and Parapsychology, go to https://amzn.to/4oOUJLn

Follow the Podcast Here: https://www.instagram.com/ctc.podcast/Follow Tennis Athlete Here: https://www.instagram.com/tennisathlete_sta/Follow SotoTennis Academy Here: https://www.instagram.com/sototennis/?hl=enEmail us: info@sototennis.com Ingrid Neel was one of the most decorated US juniors of her generation, winning every Little Mo age group, a 10-and-under world championship in France, and the deciding match in the NCAA finals. Then came a slipped disc in Tokyo, wrist surgery, two and a half years away from the sport, and a ranking that dropped to zero.A year on, she made the quarterfinals of Wimbledon, which was her best-ever Grand Slam result. On the court she loves most.This episode is one of the most honest and warm conversations we've had on Control the Controllables. Ingrid speaks about injury, identity, friendship, family and what it really means to keep going when you've lost your relevance, your ranking and your answer to the question of who you are without the sport.In this episode:Wimbledon quarterfinalist, reflecting on her best ever Grand Slam result a year after wrist surgeryBeing present at Wimbledon and the US Open while injured and not competing, and why it helpedHow she genuinely celebrated others' success while struggling herselfCan you have true, real friendships in an individual sport and still be the ultimate competitor?The back injury that nearly ended her season in Tokyo, and how she won the tournament anywayThe wrist surgery that made her question whether she'd ever play againGrowing up in Minnesota, the Bollettieri Academy and Nick giving her open accessBeing a prodigy, winning every Little Mo age group and a 10-and-under world title in FranceDid the values her parents instilled help her, or hold her back?Self-worth, identity and who you are when the ranking says inactiveChoosing to represent Estonia and the story of the grandmother she is named afterThe Quickfire RoundTennisAthlete provides age-appropriate, research-backed strength and conditioning programmes from proven S&C coaches. The platform Dan recommends for physical development. Visit sototennis.com/tennisathlete

Une visite d'une délégation transpartisane de parlementaires japonais s'est terminée ce vendredi 27 août en Chine. Une tentative de renouer le dialogue après dix mois de fortes tensions entre Pékin et Tokyo et un déplacement qui pourrait ouvrir une nouvelle séquence d'échanges : l'ancien ministre japonais des Affaires étrangères Takeshi Iwaya est à son tour attendu à Pékin en septembre, avant une délégation d'entrepreneurs en fin d'année. Quel bilan peut-on tirer de cette visite ? Sans changement de position du Japon sur la question taiwanaise, peut-on vraiment envisager un apaisement des tensions ?  Avec Clea Broadhurst, correspondante permanente de RFI à Pékin.  

This week we talk about another Godzilla flick!

【欢迎订阅】 每天早上5:30，准时更新。 【阅读原文】 标题：How China became the world's great oil powerForget OPEC. The Chinese now calls the shots正文：THE IRAN war has caused the largest supply shock in petroleum history.Yet even when fighting was most intense, oil prices never reached the $150 a barrel many analysts had predicted. Soon after Iranian munitions made the Strait of Hormuz unpassable, trapping 14m barrels a day (b/d) of crude inside the Gulf, petro-monarchs in Abu Dhabi and Riyadh directed an extra 5m b/d through pipes bypassing the conduit. Ministers in Washington and Tokyo released a record 2m b/d of emergency stocks.知识点：munition n. /mjuːˈnɪʃn/· 英文释义：military weapons, ammunition, and equipment used in warfare· 中文释义：军火，弹药，武器· 文中意：指伊朗在战争中使用的军事武器，以"Iranian munitions"泛指战争中的军事打击手段· 例句一：The arms factory produced munitions around the clock to supply the front lines. 军工厂日夜不停地生产弹药以供应前线。· 例句二：International inspectors are working to verify that all prohibited munitions have been destroyed. 国际核查人员正在核实所有违禁武器已被销毁。【节目介绍】 《早安英文-每日外刊精读》，带你精读最新外刊，了解国际最热事件：分析语法结构，拆解长难句，最接地气的翻译，还有重点词汇讲解。 所有选题均来自于《经济学人》《纽约时报》《华尔街日报》《华盛顿邮报》《大西洋月刊》《科学杂志》《国家地理》等国际一线外刊。 【适合谁听】 1、关注时事热点新闻，想要学习最新最潮流英文表达的英文学习者 2、任何想通过地道英文提高听、说、读、写能力的英文学习者 3、想快速掌握表达，有出国学习和旅游计划的英语爱好者 4、参加各类英语考试的应试者（如大学英语四六级、托福雅思、考研等） 【你将获得】 1、超过1000篇外刊精读课程，拓展丰富语言表达和文化背景 2、逐词、逐句精确讲解，系统掌握英语词汇、听力、阅读和语法 3、每期内附学习笔记，包含全文注释、长难句解析、疑难语法点等，帮助扫除阅读障碍。

Washington tightens the financial squeeze on Iran while keeping Gulf oil moving, and families devastated by crimes committed by illegal immigrants explain why enforcement feels personal. Congress tries to shrink Washington's role in education, while VA cost-cutting forces one Vietnam veteran to start over. Plus: sushi goes sightseeing in Tokyo, Daniel Suhr considers what Meta's new safeguards can—and cannot—do for teens, and the Thursday morning news.Support The World and Everything in It today at wng.org/donateAdditional support comes from Dordt University's Master of Education program. Equipping educators with advanced classroom and leadership abilities. dordt.eduFrom Ascend by Unbound. A higher education program focused on practical skill development and career preparation.  beunbound.us/worldAnd from Covenant College in Georgia. Looking for a Christ-centered education with a deep commitment to academic excellence? Located on top of Lookout Mountain, Georgia, Covenant College students thrive in a Christ-centered community and are equipped to pursue their callings through a vibrant liberal arts education. Applications for Fall 2027 are open, and students who visit are eligible to receive a grant of $2,000. More at Covenant.edu/world.

SUZUKI=BAKUDAN is a 2025 Japanese crime thriller directed by Akira Nagai and based on Katsuhiro Go's bestselling novel Bomb. After a seemingly ordinary drunk named Tagosaku Suzuki is arrested for a minor assault, he casually predicts an explosion in Tokyo. When it happens exactly when he said it would, Suzuki announces that more bombs are coming, and the police are forced into a race against time while trying to understand whether the strange man sitting in their interrogation room is psychic, lucky or something much more dangerous. In this Force Five video, I give you five reasons you might want to watch SUZUKI=BAKUDAN. Buy a shirt: https://www.teepublic.com/user/forcefive Other helpful links: YouTube: https://youtu.be/sG7OxFAYb64 Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/forcefive/ Website: www.forcefivepodcast.com Instagram: www.instagram.com/forcefivepodcast Email: forcefivepodcast@gmail.com

Disney finally put real details behind its biggest theme-park projects at D23 2026, but did it announce enough? John is joined by Dayna and Jess to break down everything coming to Walt Disney World, Disneyland and the international Disney parks. Villains Land officially has a name and two attractions, Piston Peak is looking much more ambitious than expected, Carousel of Progress is getting a major refresh, and Dreamfinder is returning to EPCOT…somehow. They also discuss the end of Disco Yeti, Indiana Jones and Encanto coming to Tropical Americas, the phased opening of Monstropolis, Disneyland's Avengers expansion and Coco attraction, and the announcements coming to Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai. Is Disney Imagineering finally getting its mojo back? Will Villains Land open before we need scooters? And is Dreamfinder's grand return really going to be nothing more than a meet-and-greet?

AP correspondent Jutarat Skulpichetrat reports on the death of Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama.

Charlotte Worthington is the inaugural gold medalist in Women's BMX Freestyle at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.Since winning at the 2020 games, Charlotte went on to compete at the Paris 2024 games but has since pulled back from the competitive environment. She goes in depth on how she got to the Olympics, the behind the scenes of preparing for the games, as well as mental blocks she has overcome since Paris 2024, and her current mission to promote getting more people into BMX.Charlotte's YouTube Channel -  @ChazwortherYT  - https://www.youtube.com/@ChazwortherYTInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/chazwortherThank you for choosing to spend your time watching one of my videos! If you enjoyed it, let me know in the comments below and if you're new, please consider subscribing! - http://bit.ly/Brant_MooreJoin the public Discord - https://discord.gg/NjY5j8ZyA6Just being here is support enough for me, but if you'd like to support the channel directly there are a few ways you can below.MooreBMX Merch - T-Shirts, Stickers, Mugs, & More - www.moorebmx.bigcartel.comMooreBMX Mug Club - 1 Year Long BMX Art Exhibition On Mugs, Shirts, & Prints - Patreon.com/brantmooreBecome a Member - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWGijuL19i21bgv_ow2i2YA/joinPatreon - https://www.patreon.com/brantmooreShout Out & THANK YOU To Platinum Members: Kurinsky FamilyGold Members: Adam Ortiz, Geoff Meade, Brian Lang, Wooder Designs, 1nJimid8tor!!All Discount Codes Below At One Link: https://beacons.ai/brant_mooreSave 10% on Alienation or Nowear BMX Parts or literally ANYTHING else from DANSCOMP with code "BRANT" at checkout! - www.danscomp.comSave 30% on MKS Motokicks shoes with the code "BRANT" at www.mksmoto.comSave 10% on supplements for you brain and body from ONNIT with the code "BRANT" at https://onnit.sjv.io/c/4933475/347302/5155Onnit Free Trials: https://onnit.sjv.io/c/4933475/1621437/5155Sponsors - Park Tool, Alienation BMX, Nowear BMX, MKS MotokicksPodcast Episodes - https://bit.ly/moorebmxpodcastBMX News - http://bit.ly/bmx-newsBMX For Beginners - http://bit.ly/bmx-for-beginnersBMX Tips & Tricks - http://bit.ly/bmxtipsBMX Brake Guide - http://bit.ly/bmx-brake-guideBMX Geometry Explained - http://bit.ly/bmxgeometryTalking BMX - http://bit.ly/talkingbmxBMX Jams & Events - http://bit.ly/bmxeventsBMX Games - http://bit.ly/bmxgamesLip Lords - http://bit.ly/liplordsplaylistMy Equipment - https://www.amazon.com/shop/brant_mooreInstagram - https://instagram.com/brant_moore/#bmx

An estimated four million Canadians currently live abroad. So what compels someone to ditch their life in Canada and start over somewhere new? From Bogotá to Tokyo, Cape Town to València, Now or Never crisscrosses the globe with expats living out some big, bold adventures right now.Joshua Will dreamed of living in Japan since he was 14-years-old, so when he got a job with the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme (JET) he was ecstatic. But he never expected to find himself on tiny Yuge Island, navigating the wild world of Japanese real estate, and renovating a 100-year-old house with no experience and few language skills.At age 75, Janet Skog-Reid moved to Spain with her children and grandchildren. But when they returned to Vancouver, Janet decided to stay. How this grandmother who spent her life caring for others, is now chasing a life that is finally her own.When Calgarian Aaron Cresswell bumped into Laura Fajardo at a crowded bar in Bogotá, the two instantly hit it off — so much so, that he ended up moving to the country to be with her. But it soon sunk in that while Aaron found his forever person, he definitely didn't find his forever home in Colombia. Barb Deck is no stranger to intense situations — when she's at home, she's a pediatric ICU nurse at Sick Kids in Toronto. But since joining Médecins Sans Frontières, Barb spends most of her time tackling even bigger challenges, flying to conflict zones around the world to help deliver care.Four months ago, Chloe Wilde and her partner quit their jobs, sold their Toronto home, and bought a one-way ticket to South Africa with their two-year-old son. Chloe tells us why she feels a responsibility and pressure to live a "big, bold life," and what it's really like backpacking with a toddle This is an encore presentation of Now or Never. Season 11 starts September 10

It's ev.news Briefly for Tuesday 25 August 2026, only today's headlines and nothing else, in just 4 minutes if you haven't got time for the full show.Patreon supporters fund this show, get the episodes ad free, as soon as they're ready and are part of the ev.news Community. You can be like them by clicking here: https://www.patreon.com/evnewsWALMART OPENS 100TH FAST-CHARGING STATIONWalmart has opened its 100th branded EV fast-charging station at its Monument, Colorado Supercenter, extending a network that now covers 20 states — up from 17 a month earlier — despite the retailer having no branded chargers less than two years ago. The four-stall site uses ABB Mobility all-in-one dispensers delivering up to 400 kW with NACS and CCS1 connectors and app-only payment, part of a rollout that added 612 stalls in the first half of 2026 and ranked second only to Tesla for new ports energised in Q2, at an average $0.43 per kWh with 10% off for Walmart+ members.HYUNDAI OPENS IONIQ V PRE-SALES IN CHINABeijing Hyundai has begun pre-sales of the Ioniq V at the 2026 Chengdu Auto Show ahead of a September launch, priced from 119,900 yuan (about $17,300) to 139,900 yuan across three versions, with up to 650 km of CLTC range, an 800-volt E-GMP architecture, CATL LFP batteries of 53.5 or 66.8 kWh and single motors of 140 or 168 kW. It is the first production Ioniq developed in China, using a 27-inch 4K Snapdragon 8295 screen, Momenta highway L2+ assistance and Baidu and ByteDance AI infotainment, as Hyundai targets 20 electrified models and 500,000 annual Chinese sales by 2030.POLESTAR CLAIMS UNEQUAL US TREATMENTPolestar has accused the US Commerce Department of "disparate treatment" after a June 24 denial blocked its American sales from model year 2027, noting that Volvo — which shares Chinese majority owner Geely and builds the Polestar 3 on the same South Carolina line — was authorised earlier in 2026. In an Aug. 18 letter, Peter Wexler said the 13-month review dismissed mitigation offers including audits, cybersecurity reviews and removal of China links from data management, despite officials indicating in January and April that approval was likely; dealers have called the outcome devastating, with a New Jersey group suing for $25 million over an allegedly concealed US withdrawal.DUTCH PLUG-IN MARKET FAVOURS RICH HOUSEHOLDSStatistics agency CBS found that the Netherlands' shift to electric cars has mainly benefited wealthy households, with the top-earning 10% buying almost 75,000 of the roughly 259,000 electric and plug-in hybrid cars traded in 2025 and the top 20% accounting for nearly half. The lowest-earning 10% bought about 6,000, or 2%, and two-thirds of cars bought by the poorest fifth were over a decade old, prompting a €52 million, three-year subsidy scheme from the final quarter of 2026 for lower- and middle-income buyers of second-hand EVs who scrap older petrol or diesel vehicles.MERCEDES CLA ELECTRIC COVERS 385 MILES AT 70 MPHThe dual-motor 2027 Mercedes-Benz CLA 350 4MATIC Electric covered 385 miles in a constant-speed 70 mph range test on 19-inch wheels, exceeding its 312-mile EPA Combined rating by 73 miles, or 23%, with 2 miles remaining at 0% charge. Consumption of 225 Wh per mile implied 86.6 kWh used against an 85-kWh net battery, with the result credited to the 800-volt Mercedes Modular Architecture and a two-speed rear-motor transmission of the type that has also helped Porsche and Audi models beat their ratings.OPEL SETS 2028 DATE FOR ELECTRIC CORSAOpel CEO Florian Huettl has pushed the all-electric Corsa successor from 2027 to 2028, moving the brand's best-seller onto Stellantis' STLA Small platform as a battery-electric-only model with bigger batteries, more range and prices from €25,000, against the current e-CMP Corsa Electric's 46-49 kWh battery, 429 km claim and €30,440 starting price. Huettl cited improving range, charging and fuel costs rather than any fixed date to end combustion engines, and Opel will still deliver the e-CMP-based Corsa GSE, capable of 0-100 kph in 5.5 seconds, to dealers this year.ROME BACKS ELECTRIC AND HYDROGEN BUSESRome will spend €117 million from Italy's infrastructure ministry on new buses through operator ATAC, split between €83.6 million for hydrogen models and €27.1 million for battery-electric ones plus depot upgrades, though neither quantities nor manufacturers have been named. A further €6 million in European funding will build a green hydrogen hub using local electrolysis at ATAC's Acilia site, complementing a charge introduced in July 2026 for EVs entering a restricted central zone that takes about 50,000 cars a day against a designed capacity of 20,000.SUZUKI PLANS VISION E-SKY EUROPE EXPORTSuzuki intends to export its Vision e-Sky electric microcar from Japan, with Europe possible in 2027 and the UK and Italy under review at an expected UK price below £20,000, ahead of a Japanese world premiere in autumn and production at a plant southwest of Tokyo. Based on Japan's kei-car class and targeting 310 km of range with likely LFP cells from BYD's corporate network, it would be Suzuki's first battery-electric kei car and reportedly the first exported almost unchanged, offering growth potential after European sales fell 15% to 187,000 in the year to March.MEXICO ELECTRIFIED SALES RISE AS PRODUCTION FALLSMexico sold 95,037 electrified vehicles in the first half of 2026, up 44% year on year for a 12.6% market share, led by Toyota in conventional hybrids and boosted by expanding Chinese brands, while charging points reached 60,934 and 170 electrified models are now offered. Production moved the other way, falling to 47,411 units from 110,002 a year earlier as weaker US demand cut Equinox output by 81.6% and Blazer output by 80%, prompting the Electro Mobility Association to call for policies supporting both electrification and domestic manufacturing.ELECTRIC MOTORHOME USES EVOLVE PLATFORMCityFreighter, Vöhringer and Motive Development have unveiled an electric motorhome demonstrator for Europe's 4.25-tonne Class B category, built on CityFreighter's Evolve skateboard with a Vöhringer AIRPLY lightweight interior and coming in under 3.5 tonnes complete with kitchen, bathroom and heat pump, leaving about 750 kg of payload. Its 128-kWh battery gives roughly 400 km of range, supports vehicle-to-load and charges from 10-80% in about 20 minutes at up to 200 kW, while independent battery replacement and upgrades are pitched as protecting residual value in vehicles that often stay in service for decades.

Welcome to this week's episode of Joshi'ing around WEEKLY! Eric and I are gonna cover the biggest shows, the best matches and the hottest topics in the world of Joshi on a weekly basis.Our Runsheet for this week (timestamps may vary due to ad inserts):00:00:00 - Introduction and Chit-Chat00:23:33 - Shupro #2426 Recap00:30:00 - Shupro Blogs - YUNA, Itsuki Aoki & Rina00:38:30 - STARDOM 5 Star Grand Prix Finals & Wrap-up Review02:58:30 - TJPW Tokyo Princess Cup Finals Review03:31:32 - Sendai Girls The Top of Joshi Yoyogi 28 August Preview03:37:38 - Marigold Dream Star Grand Prix Days 1 & 2 Preview03:51:20 - INDIE ZONE: Sareee-ISM Chapter XI 24 August Review04:29:04 - INDIE ZONE: SEAdLINNNG 11th Anniversary 25 August Review04:49:42 - INDIE ZONE: WAVE 15 August Korakuen Hall Review04:56:28 - INDIE ZONE: ChocoPro #540 14 August Review04:58:34 - INDIE ZONE: GanPro 15 August Korakuen Hall Notes05:01:58 - INDIE ZONE: Gokigen Pro 21 August Notes05:06:06 - INDIE ZONE: Previews05:09:58 - Match of the Week & OutroCheck out the Social Suplex Newsletter!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.socialsuplex.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join the Discord!https://discord.gg/hzhvFPcV2zFollow me!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bsky.app/profile/tim-hunter.bsky.social⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/Hunter_S_Timsen$Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Tokyo DisneySea is routinely voted the best theme park in the world — and it's not even the most iconic Disney park internationally. This week, Ryan and Julie continue their international Disney series with Tokyo and Paris, two parks that couldn't be more different from each other.Tokyo Disneyland & DisneySea Tokyo Disneyland was Disney's first international park, and it shows — hub-and-spoke layout, familiar lands, even upgraded versions of classics like Winnie the Pooh (the first trackless ride in any Disney park) and Beauty and the Beast. But the real draw is Tokyo DisneySea: a separate, water-themed park with lands found nowhere else on earth, including the flagship Journey to the Center of the Earth and a Tower of Terror with an entirely different storyline. Expect at least three park days, incredible food, and a serious crowd-planning strategy — skip weekends entirely.Disneyland Paris Built in 1992 on a notoriously tight budget, Disneyland Paris has since grown into two parks: Disneyland Paris (with a pink castle hiding a walk-through dragon's lair) and the newly opened Disney Adventure World, home to Avengers Campus, the World of Frozen, and Pixar-themed lands. It's also the most accessible international park from the US — and pairs easily with a London or Paris city stay.Where in the World? This week's spotlight: a family heading to Universal Orlando and Discovery Cove this September, timed around a son's sixth birthday so he can swim with dolphins the day after he turns six.Next week: tips and tricks for your next road trip. Ready to add Tokyo or Paris to your Disney bucket list? Hit play to hear exactly how Ryan and Julie would plan it — and head to wonderandbeyondtravel.com when you're ready to start.Support the showLove the podcast? Help us continue to create great travel content by supporting the show. You can do that here: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1197029/supporters/newReady to plan your vacation?  Most families are confused and overwhelmed when planning a vacation. We work with you to plan a trip perfect for your family. Saving you time, money, and stress! Visit our website www.allthingstravelpodcast.com and click on "Plan Your Next Vacation"Join the travel conversations and the fun in our Facebook Page and Instagram Page!Please share the show with your travel buddies!!  Click this link and share the show!Never miss an episode and help us take you to the top with us by following and leaving a 5-Star review on your favorite podcasting app!

Textbook economics says a tariff should strengthen a country's currency. Since the start of 2025, as US tariffs rose ... and the dollar fell.In the first of four episodes of Voxtalks based on papers presented at the second Economic Policy: Papers on European and Global Issues conference, Alfonso Merendino (Bocconi University) and Tommaso Monacelli (Bocconi University, CEPR) tell Tim Phillips what they found when they looked for reasons. Their conclusion: for tariffs, it's not size, it is how permanent people expect it to be. They call this structural trade policy uncertainty. When that uncertainty is low, a tariff behaves exactly as the textbook says. When it's high, the same tariff can weaken the currency, shrink output and pull down inflation instead.The research behind this episode:Merendino, Alfonso, and Tommaso Monacelli. 2026. "Tariffs, Uncertainty, and the Exchange Rate." Conference draft, presented at the 2nd Economic Policy: Papers on European and Global Issues Conference, Venice, 19-20 June 2026. Forthcoming in Economic Policy.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, Tommaso Monacelli, and Alfonso Merendino. 2026. "Tariffs, Uncertainty, and the Exchange Rate." VoxTalks Economics (podcast).About the guestsTommaso Monacelli is Professor of Economics at Bocconi University and a Research Fellow of IGIER Bocconi and CEPR. His research spans international macroeconomics, monetary policy and the business cycle, with recent work on tariffs and monetary policy, supply chain uncertainty and inflation, and heterogeneous bank models of monetary transmission. He is co-editor of the Journal of International Economics and was managing co-editor of Economic Policy from 2016 to 2021.Alfonso Merendino is a PhD student in Economics at Yale University and a Research Fellow at the Social Economics Lab. He recently completed a research placement in macroeconomic modelling at the European Central Bank, and holds a Bachelor's and Master's degree in Economics from Bocconi University, where this paper was written.Research cited in this episodeStructural trade-policy uncertainty (S-TPU). The paper's central measure, capturing uncertainty not about the size of a tariff but about how persistent the trade-policy regime behind it will be. Merendino and Monacelli split observed US tariff rates from 1990 to 2025 into a persistent component and a short-lived transitory one, using a state-space model with separate volatility for each, and define S-TPU as the volatility of the persistent component.The 2017 US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The authors' example of a pure S-TPU shock. The withdrawal changed no tariff rate on impact, but it reshuffled expectations about the durability of US trade policy, and their index of structural uncertainty spikes at this point."Liberation Day" tariffs, April 2025. The sweeping tariff package announced by the Trump administration on 2 April 2025. The paper treats this, alongside the 2018 Section 301 tariffs on China, as one of two clearly identified tariff shocks used to anchor its statistical model.Aggregate trade-policy uncertainty index. Caldara, Dario, Matteo Iacoviello, Patrick Molligo, Andrea Prestipino, and Andrea Raffo. 2020. "The Economic Effects of Trade Policy Uncertainty." Journal of Monetary Economics 109: 38-59. This newspaper-based index of trade-policy uncertainty mixes announcement noise with genuine regime change; Merendino and Monacelli show that conditioning on it, rather than on their narrower S-TPU measure, erases the state-dependent pattern they document.Narrative-dominance identification. The technique the authors use to isolate tariff shocks in their statistical model, adapted from Juan Antolín-Díaz and Juan F. Rubio-Ramírez. 2018. "Narrative Sign Restrictions for SVARs." American Economic Review 108 (10). Rather than imposing a full statistical model, the method anchors identification to a small number of clearly documented policy events, such as the 2018 and 2025 tariff rounds, and lets everything else, including the sign of the exchange-rate response, be estimated freely from the data.More VoxTalks Economics episodesThe second Economic Policy: Papers on European and Global Issues conference follows the first, held in Paris in December 2025. Three earlier VoxTalks Economics episodes from that Paris conference asked what comes next for Ukraine's economy.What's next for Ukraine: Investment, in which Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Maurice Obstfeld argue that forgiving Ukraine's war debt, rather than treating it as an obstacle, is essential to attracting the $40 billion a year that reconstruction needs.What's next for Ukraine: Reconstruction, in which Edward Glaeser, Martina Kirchberger, and Andrii Parkhomenko argue that postwar Tokyo, not Warsaw or Berlin, is the right model for rebuilding Ukraine's cities.What's next for Ukraine: The labour market, in which Giacomo Anastasia documents the surprising resilience of Ukraine's wartime labour market.Related reading on VoxEUTariffs and US dollar depreciations: Not so surprising after all, a VoxEU column in which Giancarlo Corsetti, Simon Lloyd, and Daniel Ostry argue that the dollar's fall after Liberation Day is explained by foreign retaliation, a different mechanism from the persistence channel that Merendino and Monacelli identify.Tariffs, the dollar, and equities: High-frequency evidence from the Liberation Day announcement, in which Jonathan Hartley and Alessandro Rebucci show that the dollar depreciated on impact on 2 April 2025, against the standard prediction, and trace this to foreign investors rebalancing away from US equities.

Tokyo-born Lisa Katayama took her parenting techniques with her to Northern California and found that what Japanese culture had to offer was quite useful when it came to raising kids. We discussed the pain points of parenting, how she puts her ideas into practice, and how she pulled off writing a book in the midst of all of it. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Kelly and Taylor are back with in-depth coverage of the conclusions of summer's biggest tournaments!They talk both Stardom's 5STAR GP and Tokyo Joshi's Tokyo Princess Cup finals, along with results from OZ, Marvelous and WAVE!After that, they preview the upcoming big Sendai Girls show, talk a little bit more about Marigold's Dream Star GP and fall down another Cagematch rabbit hole!Check it out!Please follow us on BlueSky: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

878 · D23 Disney Parks Announcements: Sightlines Into Yesterday, Tomorrow, and FantasyThe loudest cheers at D23 weren't necessarily for what Disney was building next. They were for what Disney was willing to bring back, repair, and finally acknowledge.In a presentation built on a little faith, trust, and pixie dust, Disney asked fans to believe in an ambitious future, but this time it also showed its work. Models, progress, priorities, restorations, and even the things Disney chose to address directly revealed a much bigger story than any single attraction announcement.In WDW Radio # 878, we look at the D23 2026 Disney Parks announcements through a series of "sightlines" that connect Villains Land, Piston Peak National Park, Dreamfinder, the Expedition Everest Yeti, Spaceship Earth, Tomorrowland, Monstropolis, Tropical Americas, Disney Cruise Line, and much more. And the sightlines stretch well beyond the U.S., from Disneyland Paris and the return of its Jules Verne-inspired Space Mountain to new Tomorrowland, Avengers, and Spider-Man experiences coming to Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Shanghai.When you step back, it starts to look like a very Disney story of yesterday, tomorrow, and fantasy. Yesterday is being honored through attractions, characters, and experiences fans refused to let go of. Tomorrow is taking shape through ambitious new lands, technologies, attractions, and global expansion. And fantasy is where Disney is creating entirely new places and stories for us to step inside.We also explore what changed the perspective on some of these projects, why "no height requirement" may be one of the most important phrases of the night, why the sequence of these projects may matter as much as the projects themselves, and what Disney did not announce... and why.This isn't simply a recap of D23 2026. It's a closer look at what Disney is building, what it is preserving, what it is asking us to trust, and what all of it may mean for the way we experience the Disney Parks around the world in the years ahead.

Ian Ousley joins Jeremy from Madrid for a conversation about clothes, acting, and the long process of becoming yourself. Ian talks about relocating to Vancouver to film Avatar: The Last Airbender, how the city's weather and retail scene changed the way he dressed, and what he learned shopping for archive fashion in Tokyo. Plus,  stories about Raf Simons, Ann Demeulemeester, a nearly 15-pound Panasonic camera jacket, the Rolling Dub Trio boots he waited all day to buy, and the era when a bright red Supreme beanie felt essential. They also trace Ian's path from wholesale vintage and his former LA shop, KALÓ SOIL. They dig into how taste and skill develop at different speeds, and what every artist has to make first. * Sponsored by Bezel - the trusted marketplace for buying and selling your next luxury watch Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Last time we spoke about the reaction after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. After four years of fighting Japan almost alone, China's Chiang Kai-shek learned of Pearl Harbor with profound relief. Japan's attack, meant to neutralize American naval power, instead galvanized the entire Western world against Tokyo. Within hours, Chiang declared war on the Axis powers, transforming China from an isolated nation to a recognized Allied member. The strategic mathematics were clear to Chiang: America's industrial might would ultimately crush Japan. China simply needed to survive long enough. The United States quickly formalized this partnership, pledging military support through Lend-Lease and elevating Chiang to leadership of Allied forces in the China theater. Yet Pearl Harbor brought catastrophe for Western civilians in China. Americans and Britons, previously protected as neutral foreigners, were suddenly rounded up and interned in camps. For many, decades of presence in China ended in hasty evacuation, leaving behind lives built over generations.   #216 The Battle of Hong Kong Part 1: The Approaching Storm Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Japan emerged as a significant threat to British interests during the 1920s following the collapse of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. This concern intensified dramatically after Japan's invasion of China, with the ensuing Sino-Japanese War escalating tensions further. British assets in the region came under direct assault, including attacks on Western military and commercial vessels such as HMS Ladybird. Yet despite these provocations, the British Government maintained an inconsistent stance toward Japan, responding with only feeble diplomatic and military countermeasures. This contradiction characterized London's approach: while diplomatic channels remained conciliatory, military planners viewed Japan with genuine apprehension. During the 1930s, Singapore and Malaya represented Britain's most valuable and prosperous holdings in the Far East and consequently received substantial garrison reinforcements. By contrast, Hong Kong was widely acknowledged to be indefensible—a conclusion reached repeatedly by successive military studies. Despite this consensus, the British Government proceeded with the Hong Kong Defence Scheme in 1936, which aimed to transform Hong Kong Island into a fortified redoubt while establishing delaying positions in Kowloon and the New Territories. The Hong Kong Garrison's mandate was straightforward: repel external attacks and prevent enemy use of the harbour and dry dock. The underlying strategy relied on a simple principle: hold Hong Kong Island as an impregnable fortress and await relief from the Royal Navy. Consequently, protecting the harbour became the paramount objective. Japanese strategists were correctly identified as Hong Kong's primary threat, with military planners anticipating attack from the sea rather than overland. To counter such an offensive, the defence scheme incorporated five successive layers of protection: naval mines fitted with indicator nets and anti-submarine booms formed the first barrier; coastal artillery provided the second; beach installations featuring pillboxes, wire entanglements and mines constituted the third; infantry strongpoints positioned on commanding heights guarded against amphibious landings; and finally, a mobile reserve force stood ready to counterattack and eliminate any successful enemy incursion. The 1936 plan also mandated extensive fortification of Kowloon's bottleneck approaches through bunkers, trenches and blocked passages, with a principal defensive line—resembling a miniature Maginot Line—constructed across the mountains immediately north of Kowloon. The garrison structure comprised three infantry battalions plus the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC), a unit approximately regiment-strength equipped with armoured cars, engineers, artillery, anti-aircraft guns and infantry. These forces organized into three brigades: mainland, island, and garrison reserve. The air component was planned to be formidable: a reconnaissance squadron, a fighter-bomber squadron, two torpedo squadrons and a flight of auxiliary spotting aircraft operated by the HKVDC. Naval forces consisted of a modest destroyer contingent, an MTB flotilla, gunboats and patrol vessels. When Japan occupied Guangzhou, Hong Kong found itself effectively encircled. In response, limited conscription was implemented, though restricted to non-Chinese males for HKVDC service. Chinese personnel were largely confined to non-combat positions such as air-raid precautions and medical duties. The expanding Japanese threat prompted a substantial expansion of the Hong Kong Garrison to four regular infantry regiments—two British units (one specializing in medium machine-gun support) and two Indian regiments. Supporting forces included two coastal artillery regiments, a field artillery regiment-plus, and an anti-aircraft regiment. The Royal Navy expanded to include the 2nd MTB flotilla (eight 60-foot, 29-knot motor torpedo boats armed with twin torpedoes and eight Lewis guns each, plus two smaller 55-foot vessels), four shallow-draught river gunboats (HMS Cicala, Tern, Moth and Robin), four aging World War I S-class destroyers (HMS Thracian, Thanet, Scout and Tenedos—the last transferred to Singapore in 1939), HMS Cornflower sloop, and various auxiliary vessels including tugs, boom defence ships and minelayers. The Fleet Air Arm deployed three Supermarine Walruses—single-engine reconnaissance amphibians—at Kai Tak Airport. The Royal Air Force remained the weakest service, equipped with only four Vickers Wildebeest torpedo-bombers and a handful of HKVDC aircraft: one Avro Tutor, two Hornet Moths and two Cadet biplanes. When World War II erupted in Europe, Britain's focus necessarily shifted to national survival, inevitably leaving distant imperial outposts like Hong Kong neglected. Rather than receive reinforcements, Hong Kong actually lost capable personnel; many veteran troops were repatriated to Europe, leaving behind a less proficient garrison. Peacetime duties had proven a poor preparation for combat—officers and men had passed their time socializing rather than maintaining combat readiness. Governor Sir Geoffrey Northcote persistently urged London to adopt a firmer stance against relentless Japanese provocations: aircraft incursions, sinking of junks and fishing vessels, and infiltration by Taiwanese fifth columnists (Japan had colonized Taiwan in 1895). Recognizing the hopelessness of his position, Northcote recommended withdrawal in October 1940, arguing that defending the colony would inevitably result in mass civilian casualties and widespread destruction—a pragmatic assessment given Hong Kong's indefensible state. London categorically rejected this proposal, reasoning that withdrawal would demoralize China, embolden Japan and undermine American confidence in British resolve. Underlying this decision was an additional consideration: the long-standing dispute over Hong Kong's sovereignty. Since Britain acquired Hong Kong in 1841, the prospect of surrendering it, even temporarily, raised fears about reclaiming it afterward. Preserving the appearance of British determination was deemed crucial to demonstrating to Chiang Kai-shek, Nationalist China's leader, that Britain intended to retain the territory. Despite these political calculations, London consistently refused fresh troop deployments. Major-General A. E. Grasett, the China theatre commander, requested reinforcements only to face rejection—London offered only Indian or other colonial forces. Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, appointed British commander in the Far East in 1941, likewise pressed for garrison strengthening, to no avail. The situation shifted dramatically after Grasett, a retired Canadian who had recently left his China post, travelled to Britain via Canada. Upon arriving in Canada, he independently approached his former classmate Major-General Crerar, Chief of the Canadian General Staff, and advocated for reinforcement. Grasett argued persuasively that deploying two or more additional battalions would enable the Hong Kong garrison to withstand an extended siege. When Grasett reached London in early September 1941, he presented this case directly to the British Chiefs of Staff, simultaneously proposing that Canada could provide the extra units. His arguments proved persuasive; the Chiefs of Staff altered course and convinced a reluctant Churchill to reconsider. In light of accelerating Japanese pressure, Britain substantially enlarged the Malaysia/Singapore garrison from nine to 32 battalions and despatched two capital ships—HMS Prince of Wales and Repulse—to the region, reasoning that this show of force would deter Japanese aggression against British Far Eastern interests, including Hong Kong. The original defence strategy envisaged holding Hong Kong Island exclusively while denying the harbour to attackers. A single battalion (the Punjabis) would execute delaying actions across the New Territories, followed by a three-battalion defensive stand on the Gin Drinkers Line. This brief mainland resistance would allow time for demolishing stores, power installations, docks and wharves, clearing food stocks and removing vital matériel before withdrawing to Hong Kong Island for a protracted resistance awaiting relief from Singapore or American forces from the Philippines. The Gin Drinkers Line—styled after the French Maginot Line in miniature—ran approximately 18 kilometres south of the Sino-Hong Kong border. Beginning near Gin Drinkers Bay west of Kowloon, it extended 17 kilometres across the Kowloon Peninsula hills toward its eastern extremity. The strategic expectation was that this line would delay the Japanese assault for three weeks or longer, permitting battalion withdrawal to Hong Kong Island for sustained resistance while mainland forces completed evacuation procedures. The 1937 war plan stipulated that four battalions would be necessary for an effective delaying action and seven for an adequate Gin Drinkers Line defence—figures which excluded the aircraft and naval support essential to success. With only a single army brigade available and virtually no air capability, planners abandoned the mainland defence concept, leaving defensive works incomplete and deteriorating under tropical conditions. Chinese personnel were conspicuously absent from initial war preparations and strategic planning, only being incorporated late in the process. The largest Chinese component was the volunteer contingent serving with the HKVDC. On the regular army side, approximately 150 Chinese recruits were enlisted in mid-1941 for the 5th Anti-Aircraft Regiment. The Hong Kong Chinese Regiment, hastily constituted on 3 November 1941, comprised officers borrowed from British and Indian units alongside 52 Chinese junior NCOs and other ranks with minimal training. A Royal Engineers troop staffed entirely by Chinese soldiers saw service, and some Chinese personnel served with the Royal Navy and Dockyard Defence Corps. Chinese participation increased substantially in auxiliary services—air-raid precautions, auxiliary police, nursing, St John Ambulance and fire brigades. This reluctance to fully integrate Chinese forces likely reflected prevailing attitudes of the era. Pre-war British propaganda had frequently mocked Japanese military capability, portraying officers and soldiers as myopic and incompetent. Japanese combat prowess was systematically underestimated; their victories in China were attributed to facing inferior opposition rather than evidence of genuine military strength. Japanese weaponry was dismissed as inferior to European standards. Consequently, British confidence remained high that the colony could hold indefinitely if adequately reinforced. In September 1941, Hong Kong received heartening news: two additional Canadian battalions would be deployed to the garrison. Brigadier John Maltby promptly revived the pre-war plan for defending the Gin Drinkers Line, developing a strategy centred on three mainland battalions (2nd Royal Scots, 5/7 Rajputs and 2/14 Punjab) supported by HKVDC elements and four artillery troop detachments, while three island battalions (1st Middlesex, Royal Rifles of Canada and Winnipeg Grenadiers) bolstered by the bulk of the HKVDC would hold Hong Kong Island. Command responsibility was divided between two brigades: the Island Brigade (Hong Kong Infantry Brigade) under Brigadier Lawson, a recently arrived Canadian, and the mainland Kowloon Infantry Brigade under Brigadier Wallis. The Canadian regiments arrived on 16 November 1941. Maltby was commissioned into the Indian Army in 1911, and  saw extensive service across multiple campaigns: World War I, the Persian Gulf (1913–14), and the North-West Frontier (1923–24). His early promise earned him selection for accelerated advancement through prestigious staff colleges at Quetta and RAF Andover. By 1937, he was again serving on the North-West Frontier, and by 1939 commanded both the 3rd Jhelum Brigade (later the Calcutta Brigade) and the 19th Infantry Brigade in Deccan. In 1940, posted to China, Maltby orchestrated the closure of the North China Command by withdrawing two infantry battalions from Shanghai. Promoted to major-general as GOC China in August 1941, he had only three months to prepare the colony's defenses, a race against time he could not win.  The Gin Drinkers Line occupied a naturally dominant position atop mountains spanning northern Kowloon's breadth, yet possessed inherent weaknesses that would prove fatal. The line lacked defensive depth and remained vulnerable to flanking manoeuvres, with two sectors representing particular danger: Customs Pass and the gap between Golden Hill and Laichikok Peninsula near Gin Drinkers Bay. Given the extended front, each battalion arranged its forces in a string of platoon positions with gaps covered by daytime fire and nighttime patrols. One company per battalion could be held in reserve within prepared positions guarding the most dangerous sectors. The reserve company of the centre battalion (2/14 Punjab) initially advanced as forward troops, screening demolition operations and delaying the enemy's initial thrust. The hasty decision to establish mainland defences meant that essential support systems—communication networks, artillery registrations, mortar calibrations—remained incomplete when combat commenced. Ammunition shortages compounded the problem. For instance, the 2/14 Punjab conducted only a single 3-inch mortar practice session before the attack; adequate ammunition arrived only in November and totalled a mere 70 rounds per battalion for both training and combat. These mortars were registered for the first time in their battle positions, with combat beginning just 12 hours later. The 2-inch mortar situation was even more desperate: troops received live ammunition only as fighting started, making their baptism of fire an actual combat situation. Transportation deficiencies—trucks and animals in short supply—forced manual ammunition transport across Hong Kong's challenging terrain, imposing severe physical demands on already stretched personnel.   On 6 November 1941, Imperial Japanese Headquarters ordered its Commander-in-Chief in China to prepare plans for capturing Hong Kong. The 23rd Army, part of the China Southern Expeditionary Army Group and commanded by Lt. Gen. Sakai Takashi with Maj. Gen. Kuribayashi Tadamichi serving as Chief of Staff, would form the invasion's backbone. All preparations were to be completed by the end of November 1941. The operation, designated 'Operation C', sought to 'seize Hong Kong within ten days'. Takahashi was the son of a factory worker, and rose through the ranks to become a veteran of China campaigns. He was tasked with capturing Hong Kong using the 38th Division normally assigned to the Southern Expeditionary Army Group. Despite setbacks and humiliation over requests for additional resources—particularly following intelligence reports of tanks (actually Bren carriers) in Hong Kong—Sakai remained determined to succeed. He served as Governor of Hong Kong from 26 December 1941 to 20 February 1942. Kuribayashi, best remembered as the Japanese commander at Iwo Jima, graduated from the Army Academy in 1914 specializing in cavalry. He served as deputy military attaché to Washington and Canada and studied at Harvard University. In December 1941, he held the position of Chief of Staff to the 23rd Army during the Hong Kong operation. Operation C followed a straightforward strategic framework. A blocking force would prevent Chinese interference from the rear, while the main invasion force would spearhead the assault. The 23rd Army, comprising four divisions plus a mixed brigade and two infantry regiments, received the assignment to attack Hong Kong. Of these four divisions, only the 38th played a substantive role in the invasion itself. The attack employed a combined-arms approach. Naval forces would establish a blockade and deliver bombardment while aircraft targeted key installations. Ground forces from the 38th Division—specifically the 228th, 229th, and 230th Regiments—would execute the land invasion using a three-pronged strategy. The right column would sweep westward in a wide arc, clearing Castle Peak Road and targeting the western flank of the Gin Drinkers Line near Laichikok Peninsula. The centre force would press directly through the line's middle, while the left column would cross Tidal Cove (Tolo Harbour) toward Kai Tak Airport and eastward toward Devil Peak, a crucial defensive position. The objective was to annihilate British forces on the mainland and compel Hong Kong's surrender through sustained bombardment. Should British forces resist, the island phase of the campaign would commence. Securing the rear against the Chinese National Army of the 7th Military District and Communist guerrillas fell to the 66th Regiment, normally part of the 51st Division but attached to the 38th for this operation. The 66th would simultaneously occupy and secure rear areas throughout the New Territories and Kowloon while the three assault regiments engaged the main defensive forces. This rearguard operation was organised into columns named after their commanding officers: Kitazawa, Kobayashi, Sato, and Araki. The Japanese selected the narrowest approach between Kowloon and Hong Kong Island, targeting the eastern coast near Lyemun Passage where only 410 metres of water separated the mainland from the island. Upon landing, forces would rapidly advance inland to seize the critical junction of Wongneichong Gap, then pivot westward and southward to capture Victoria City and the remainder of Hong Kong. The naval contingent divided into two groups: the Bombardment Group and the Attack Group. Approximately 300 personnel from the Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF) were attached to the invasion force. Air support came from the First Air Brigade under Col. Habu Hideharu, which contributed 56 light bombers and fighters. Their mission was to neutralise the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy, thereby securing aerial and maritime superiority for the ground campaign.   On the eve of war, the British garrison numbered 13,981 all ranks, including nursing staff and St John Ambulance personnel. Of these, 8,919 were British and Canadian, with 4,402 Indian and Chinese. The core infantry force comprised 5,422 regular soldiers, complemented by approximately 6,000 additional personnel across artillery, engineering, naval, and Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) units. By 1941, the Royal Navy had become a shadow of its former self as the once-dominant China Squadron. Of the three World War I destroyers present on 8 December, two had been sent to Singapore—the third undergoing repairs—by 1930. This redeployment stemmed partly from the futility of defending the colony and partly from a commitment by senior US Navy officers: Britain would reinforce Singapore with Hong Kong's fleet in exchange for four American destroyers at Singapore. This American guarantee, however, never materialized. The defensive infrastructure focused primarily on countering a seaborne attack: twenty-nine coastal guns (9.2in., 6in., 4.7in., and 4in. calibres), ten 18- and 2-pounder beach defense guns, and twenty-eight field guns (60-pounder, 6in., 4.5in., and 3.7in. calibres). The Hong Kong Garrison's infantry comprised four regular army battalions—two British and two Indian—bolstered by five HKVDC infantry companies, each averaging 100 men. The 1st Middlesex Regiment, deployed in August 1937, served as a machine-gun battalion equipped with forty-eight Vickers medium machine guns. Having been abroad since 1931, the regiment had deteriorated through protracted garrison service, Hong Kong being among the softest postings available. From September 1939 onward, all regiments—including the 5/7 Rajputs (arrived June 1937) and the 2/14 Punjab—experienced systematic loss of experienced officers and NCOs to other theaters. The Royal Scots proved particularly hard hit, suffering disciplinary problems and an unusually high court-martial rate. Units like the Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery suffered critical leadership gaps that went unaddressed. By December 1941, many formations fielded inexperienced replacement troops, significantly undermining combat readiness. The Punjabis exemplified these deficiencies. Stationed in Hong Kong since November 1940, they received their vehicles and mortars only in August 1941—three months before combat. Compounding this, forty percent of their strength consisted of raw recruits arrived just in October. When war erupted, artillery regiments found themselves relying on junior officers in senior roles, with British commanders unfamiliar with Urdu directing Indian troops, a handicap that severely compromised effectiveness. Deficient equipment compounded leadership shortages. Shells dating from 1918 detonated prematurely upon discharge, while ammunition shortages crippled operations. On 8 December, all field guns deployed with merely 100 rounds apiece, with 200 rounds held in reserve for the entire campaign, and coastal guns received only 25 rounds each. Insufficient cross-training meant many infantrymen failed to understand the artillery "clock face" targeting system, causing them to miss their objectives. Malaria devastated European troops, particularly the Royal Scots. Of approximately 770 personnel, at least 180 suffered recurring malarial episodes from the Shing Mun Redoubt area's notoriously endemic conditions. Staff shortages forced nearly every unit to promote junior officers to positions beyond their rank, exacerbating structural weaknesses. Although the Canadians' arrival bolstered the garrison, significant handicaps undermined their effectiveness. Both battalions carried a C-class designation—deemed unfit for foreign service—having spent years in soft garrison postings without rigorous training. The deficit was stark: each Canadian soldier received only thirty-five rifle practice rounds. The two battalions incorporated 115 men with fewer than sixteen weeks' training, while sixty-two of seventy-five recruits joining the Winnipeg Grenadiers in June came directly from a training depot lacking even basic rifles. Twelve percent of the Canadian force remained untrained. Equipment deficiencies proved even more damaging. A standard 1941 Canadian infantry battalion required 102 motor vehicles—including twenty-two Universal Carriers, thirty-seven ¾-ton trucks, thirteen 1-ton trucks, thirty-one bicycles, and twenty-two Boys anti-tank rifles. When the Canadians landed, logistical failures left them with only six Bren carriers, two water tankers, twelve ¾-ton trucks, and a single Boys anti-tank rifle. Although they carried 3in. mortars, neither ammunition nor radios accompanied them. Canada possessed only 300 3-inch mortar bombs in its entire inventory at that time, making any allocation to Hong Kong impossible. A second vessel, the SS Don Jose, was dispatched with replacement vehicles and equipment but never reached Hong Kong before 8 December. The Japanese seized it en route to Manila. Despite these shortcomings, the force departed on 27 October with 1,975 men and arrived on 16 November. Intelligence estimates regarding Japanese available forces varied widely, ranging from two to four divisions. On 6 December evening, Chinese reports confirmed the previous day's arrival of three Japanese divisions at Buji township, located eight miles from the border in what is now Shenzhen. Earlier, around 1 November, a Japanese deserter provided intelligence of significant troop concentrations north of the frontier, including large-calibre artillery indicative of at least divisional strength.   The Hong Kong invasion force comprised three service branches: the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) deployed the 38th Infantry Division, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) committed the Second China Fleet, and the Imperial Japanese Air Force (IJAF) contributed the 1st Air Group. Command of the ground assault rested with Lieutenant-General Sano Tadayoshi of the 38th Division, supported by Major-General Ito Takeo heading the infantry group, while supporting arms including artillery, engineers, armor, and transport fell under Sano's authority. The main assault force consisted of three infantry regiments from the 38th Division, each led by a colonel: the 228th under Doi Teihichi, the 229th under Tanaka Ryosaburo, and the 230th under Shoji Toshishige. The 38th Division itself was a standard 1940s B-class infantry division of approximately 20,000 troops (ranging from 18,000–21,000 depending on operational requirements), organized into three regiments with three battalions each. Reflecting the Japanese army's reliance on animal and human transport, each regiment fielded roughly 3,800 troops supported by some 700 horses. Battalion strength averaged around 1,071 personnel, with companies numbering approximately 180 men. Japanese infantry battalions of this period featured a distinctive organization: rifle platoons consisted of four sections (three equipped with rifles and light machine guns, one with light mortars and rifles), complemented by an additional heavy machine-gun company fielding twelve Type 92 weapons and a troop of light artillery—likely Type 92 70mm infantry guns. The divisional field artillery regiment operated 75mm Type 41 mountain guns organized into three 688-man battalions, each with two troops of two guns. Mountain artillery units, numbering 36 guns total, carried additional personnel (3,400) and animals (1,400) to navigate the terrain complexities of Hong Kong operations. Recognizing the need for overwhelming firepower to compel Hong Kong's surrender, the IJA augmented the invasion force with heavy artillery—15cm and 24cm howitzers commanded by Major-General Kitashima Kineo. News of the Canadian reinforcements arriving in Hong Kong forced a reassessment. Commander-in-Chief Sakai Takashi of the 23rd Army informed his superiors that the original ten-day timeline was unrealistic and requested additional troops. Although most formations were already committed to other operations, Imperial Headquarters eventually authorized two depot regiments from Japan to support the campaign. Intended for second-line duties rather than frontline combat, these units were to be returned promptly after freeing experienced personnel for Hong Kong operations. This arrangement allowed the 19th and 20th mixed brigades—approximately 6,000 men organized in five infantry battalions, a field artillery battalion, and an engineer battalion—to be released for Hong Kong. However, Sakai's request for reinforcements met with disapproval from Imperial Headquarters, and he received an unmistakable message: a swift, decisive campaign was essential. His situation worsened when Japanese agents mistakenly identified British Bren carriers as tanks, forcing Sakai to improvise armor by raiding the 1st Reserve Tank Battalion and tankette units from infantry depot divisions. In attempting to secure additional armor from the 11th Army's 9th Reconnaissance Regiment, Sakai encountered resistance. General Hata Shunroku lodged sustained complaints with senior officials, and Sakai received a sharp rebuke—further requests would not be entertained, and his replacement would follow if necessary. Stung by this loss of face, Sakai abandoned all additional requests and became even more determined to achieve success. Vice-Admiral Niimi Masaichi, commanding the 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, oversaw the entire naval element, divided into bombardment and attack groups. His flagship, the light cruiser Isuzu, carried Captain Ura Koichi, who simultaneously commanded the bombardment group. This naval force assembled ships from various China Expeditionary Fleet units, particularly from the Canton Special Base Force, 15 Squadron, and 11 Torpedo Boat Division at Guangzhou. Reflecting Niimi's lack of confidence in the army's air support capabilities, the seaplane tender IJN Kamikawa Maru joined the operation on his insistence, providing organic naval aviation against the threat posed by British Wildebeests. Niimi also petitioned for destroyers IJN Wakaba and Yugure to counter the three British destroyers, though this request was denied. The Special Naval Landing Forces (SNLF) were assigned to conduct diversionary attacks south of Hong Kong Island, intended to distract British forces from the main land invasion thrust. The IJAF's 1st Air Brigade, commanded by Colonel Habu Hideharu, centered on the 45th Air Regiment with 34 Kawasaki Ki-32 Type 98 'Mary' light bombers. This composite force drew aircraft and units from airfields across China and Manchuria—Beijing, Shanghai, Taiwan, and Qiqihar—all assembled at Baiyun Aerodrome in Guangzhou on 7 December 1941. Supporting the 1st Air Brigade were the 10th Independent Squadron under Captain Takatsuki Akira with 13 Nakajima Ki-27 Type 97 'Nate' fighters, 3 Mitsubishi Ki-15 Type 97 'Babs' command reconnaissance aircraft from the 18th Independent Reconnaissance Squadron, and the 44th Independent Squadron fielding 6 Tachikawa Ki-36 Type 98 'Ida' observation aircraft. Years before the invasion, the Japanese cultivated an extensive network of agents and sleeper operatives in Hong Kong, methodically gathering intelligence and mapping military installations. This sophisticated network proved remarkably effective: invasion maps carried by IJA officers were actually Hong Kong Government and British military maps, overprinted with Japanese annotations and interpretations. British officers later discovered in captivity that the Peninsula Hotel's regular barber was a Japanese Navy lieutenant-commander who had exploited the intimate setting to extract valuable information about British force dispositions. Intelligence operatives infiltrated every level of Hong Kong society—the garrison tailor and barber both served as spies. This groundwork enabled exceptional accuracy in artillery fire and bombing campaigns. The Japanese further leveraged criminal networks, recruiting gangsters throughout Hong Kong and Guangdong province with money and arms, turning them into irregular auxiliaries supporting the invasion.   On Sunday, 7 December, seven hundred members of the 2nd Royal Scots and Middlesex Regiment marched to St John's Cathedral for the morning service. As Major-General Maltby read a passage from Matthew, his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant I. MacGregor, delivered an urgent message that would change everything. Preparations for conflict had already begun. On 5 December, the HKVDC had mobilized fully, yet Hong Kong's broader population remained unmoved—the Happy Valley racetrack reported record attendance that very day. The contrast was stark: while one institution prepared for war, another celebrated as though nothing threatened. Japanese forces had been positioned advantageously since autumn 1941. The 23rd Army was already stationed west of Guangzhou, with contingents scattered across Foshan Town, Zhuhai, and other locations on the Pearl River delta. Upon orders for war on 1 December, they faced minimal distances to cover. The army regrouped at Humen, Shilong Town, and Guangzhou itself—staging areas for the invasion. The first visible signs arrived on 4–5 December when Japanese forces landed at Mirs Bay; the 228th Regiment moved into its staging area at Buji Town, now part of Shenzhen City. Maltby received these reports and immediately departed the cathedral service to issue urgent stand-to orders. Yet skepticism persisted within military circles. Some dismissed the threat, dismissing such intelligence as "astonishingly erroneous." Meanwhile, the Imperial Japanese Navy massed in the waters beyond Hong Kong's horizon. The Kowloon Infantry Brigade held a stretched defensive line: the 5/7 Rajputs anchored the centre, the 2/14 Punjab the east, and the 2nd Royal Scots the west. Forward positions extended far—C Company, 2/14 Punjab, under Major S. Burns ranged along Castle Peak Road toward Yuen Long. The brigade screen, C Company of the 2/14 Punjab, held Shueng Shui and Taipo Market with four Bren carriers and two armoured cars from the HKVDC, backed by engineers and the 22nd Fortress Company. The Hong Kong Infantry Brigade held Hong Kong Island itself. The Winnipeg Grenadiers occupied Victoria City on the north-west coast, while the Royal Rifles of Canada stretched along the north-east shores from Saukiwan to Lyemun. Brigadier Lawson commanded from his headquarters at Wongneichong Gap in the island's centre. At 0355 hours on 8 December, the code word "Blossom Blossom" was transmitted. Eleven minutes later, Lieutenant-General Sakai ordered the invasion to commence. Fifty minutes after that, at 0445 hours, Major Charles Boxer—a fluent Japanese speaker formerly of the Lincolnshire Regiment—was roused by Radio Tokyo announcing that war was imminent. Governor Young and Major-General Maltby were informed at once. By 0500 hours, the forward demolition points had been blown by Major Gray, OC of C Company 2/14 Punjab, and the HKVDC engineers under Major J. H. Bottomley. At 0645 hours, the garrison received formal notification: Britain and Japan were at war. Seventy-five minutes later, air-raid sirens wailed. Within moments, smoke billowed from Kai Tak Airport as Japanese aircraft destroyed virtually the entire air garrison. The Wildebeests, Walruses, HKVDC biplanes, and several civilian planes were engulfed in flames. Only two Ju-52s of the Eurasia Corporation and one CNAC T-32 Condor escaped destruction—dispersal bays had never been built due to lack of funds. The Japanese then turned to secondary targets, bombing Shamshuipo Camp and the neighbouring police station. The Canadians suffered few large-scale casualties in the initial strikes, though Sergeant Routledge and Signalman Fairley of the signal platoon were wounded—the first Canadian soldiers injured in World War II. Remarkably, Hong Kong Island's theatres, cinemas, and restaurants continued operating as though the island faced no peril. Japanese demolition efforts proved only minor obstacles. Bridges blown were quickly replaced. The invasion proceeded on three fronts: the 230th Regiment advanced westward along the northern route toward Yuen Long and Castle Peak, targeting the northern slope of Tai Mo Mountain. The 228th Regiment drove down the centre, following the Sheung Shui–Taipo–Kowloon road toward Grassy Hill north of the Shing Mun Redoubt. The 229th Regiment, crossing at Sha Tau Kok and by boat at Starling Inlet, proceeded via Taipo toward Tai Shui Hang and Ma On Mountain. Whenever confronted with strongly defended positions, the Japanese bypassed them entirely rather than engage. The first day brought scattered but spirited resistance. Around 1300 hours, the Punjabis inflicted the first serious check, drawing blood from advancing Japanese forces. At 1830 hours, they ambushed and decimated several Japanese platoons south of Taipo market town. The HKVDC's armoured cars and Bren carriers struck similar successes nearby. The 2 Royal Scots' reconnaissance platoon clashed with elements of the 229th Regiment around Yuen Long. Despite these minor victories, Japanese momentum continued. Armed with stolen British maps and guided by fifth columnists, they pushed forward relentlessly. By late afternoon on the 8th, the Punjabis withdrew toward Grassy Hill to avoid being outflanked. The artillerymen of the 12th Battery engaged an IJN destroyer and Japanese forces around Taipo, inflicting heavy casualties. Farther south near Shatin, on the Taipo–Kowloon highway, rapidly advancing Japanese troops surprised the defenders and severed the fuse at an HKVDC demolition point. Their triumph proved momentary; the engineers completed the backup circuit and detonated the bridge, destroying it along with the Japanese soldiers crossing it. By early morning on 9 December, orders came to withdraw all mainland units to the Gin Drinkers Line. The Punjabis, already at Shatin Wai overlooking Tide Cove, held their position under pressure and continuous shelling for the next two days. The HKVDC withdrew to Fotan, a village south of Shatin. Maltby ordered D Company, 5/7 Rajputs, under Captain H. R. Newtons to Smuggler's Ridge to close the gap between the 2 Royal Scots and 2/14 Punjab. HKVDC armoured cars and Bren carriers continued patrols along Castle Peak Road while HMS Cicala, having survived two air attacks, maintained station in Castle Peak Bay. Despite an IJN blockade, the destroyers HMS Thanet and Scout slipped anchor and escaped to Singapore around 2130 hours. The surviving CNAC and Eurasia aircraft took off with high-value evacuees: Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's widow and her two equally renowned sisters—the Soong sisters—along with Chinese Finance Minister H. H. Kung. Also departing was Lieutenant-Colonel H. Owen-Hughes of the HKVDC, who carried orders to coordinate with the Chinese Nationalist Army for a rear-guard attack on Japanese forces to relieve the pressure on Hong Kong. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. On 8 December 1941, Japan attacked Hong Kong with the 38th Division, supported by naval and air forces. Despite British defenses manned by undertrained, under-equipped troops, Japanese forces advanced rapidly across three fronts. Within hours, the RAF was destroyed, demolitions proved futile, and British units withdrew toward the Gin Drinkers Line facing overwhelming odds.

In episode 488 of F-Stop Collaborate and Listen, Matt Payne interviews Ajani Charles, a Toronto-based visual strategist, photographer, and Canon Canada ambassador, about sustaining a major creative project over nearly two decades. The conversation centers on Project TDOT, Ajani Charles' long-term documentary effort capturing Toronto's hip hop culture, which started as an unfunded black-and-white street photography project and has grown into public art exhibitions, a nonprofit, a coffee table book, and a touchscreen archival database. Ajani Charles shares lessons from enduring years of rejection, discusses the importance of curiosity, patience, and playing the long game, and emphasizes how his project's longevity is rooted in genuine reverence for the subject. The episode dives into the psychological and emotional skills that fuel creative longevity—such as emotional regulation, mindfulness, and self-awareness—alongside technical and business skills. Ajani Charles also discusses handling criticism, building trust within a community for authentic documentation, and the evolution of his work, including future plans in Tokyo and Copenhagen. The episode underscores that internal development, resilience, and a passion for the work itself are as crucial as external validation or financial reward. Links and Resources: Ajani Charles Muench Workshops Giveaway Project T-Dot Canon Canada Canon Ignite Program Operation Prefrontal Cortex Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Claude Watson Arts Program Jamel Shabazz Ernie Paniccioli Guy Tal's Article The Colorado Way by Matt Payne Support the show on Patreon

It's a Mo/Mara show for Episode 50 of this GTWM Year 15!  Oneof the more beloved tandems of the podcast take on two callers from abroad with very different issues.  It's a very goodshow that's worth each second of listening so join us for another round sex,scandal, and chaos. Caller #1 is Aki 33yrs from Dubai.  Aki recently moved toDubai and she is having a very difficult time securing a steady fuck buddy.  She is very cute, incredibly stylish, but maybe she's just looking in the wrong places?  With her look and cool factor, there is no way she should be having this problem. Caller #2 is Kiko 38yrs from Tokyo.  Kiko just got cheatedon by the world's worst wife.  And even in the face of such scandal, Aki remains loyal to his vows and wants to keep hisfamily intact -- whether it's for his four kids or his desire to forgive and make it work. Send money to the Philippines with Sendwave

Send us Fan MailDoug is back from Tokyo after a long absence, and Drew had a final operations plan meeting for an airspace shutdown.  We discuss:JetZero Z4, Heart ES30, or Boom Overture - which gets certified first?American getting into the premium game, at lastPVD airport is #1! (?)Dehubbed citiesVietnam Airlines flight 34 tailstrike MailbagJoin The Network!Which failed hub will rise again?Take the poll!https://www.nexttripnetwork.com/

“I'd rather do a race than a time trial as my first marathon. I went to New York during my off season last year just to see how it was. I got to feel the atmosphere and I was like: yeah, I want to do this.”My guest for today's episode is Andreas Almgren, who is the newly-minted European 10,000m champion and soon-to-be a first-time marathoner. On November 1st he will run the New York City Marathon for his debut at the distance.He's had a great past 12 months with four European records in that span: the 10K road in Valencia in January at 26:45 (puts him sixth on the world all-time list); the half marathon last October in 58:41 (the first European under 59 minutes); World Championships bronze in Tokyo last September, where he finished 0.25 seconds off gold; and a 5000m European record of 12:44 last outdoor season. He's one of the best in the world right now.Andreas is 31. He grew up in Sweden playing wing-back at AIK, one of the biggest clubs in the Nordics, and only turned to running full-time after recurring injuries ended that path at 18. He won World U20 bronze in the 800m in Eugene in 2014 and looked like Sweden's next great middle-distance runner — then spent four years with stress fractures, a broken navicular, a sacral stress fracture, missing more than he raced. In 2019, sitting on a stationary bike during rehab for that sacral fracture, he watched his friend Kalle Berglund make a world championship 1500m final using double threshold training. He copied it. He has been going up in distance ever since, and every time he steps up, he runs faster. He has been working toward the marathon for a while now.We dive into why he picked New York over Valencia, how his double threshold system has evolved over the last seven years, what it took to stay healthy the past two years, the training he is doing for the marathon right now and much more.____________SUPPORT OUR SPONSORSVELOUS: VELOUS makes recovery footwear designed to help runners bounce back faster between sessions. Their sandals feature Tri-Motion™ Technology: a technical three-density foam system and contoured footbed engineered to cushion impact, support your arches, and help your toes stretch and relax on every step. They keep your feet and legs properly aligned after you put in all of those weekly miles. Run. Recover. Repeat. with VELOUS! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Get 20% off your VELOUS order with code CITIUSMAG20 at checkout including FREE Shipping!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OLIPOP: OLIPOP's Citrus Rush packs apple, lemon, lime, and orange juices with 60mg of green tea caffeine for a bold, refreshing blast of flavor ready to fuel your next adventure. If you haven't had tried Olipop yet, grab a can and see what the hype is all about!⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Head to DrinkOlipop.com and use code CITIUS25 at checkout to get 25% off your orders.⁠⁠