Podcasts about Tokyo

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We go to Tokyo, to a particular place that is both nemesis and best friend to all those procrastinators out there. (Yes, we're looking at you :) LEARN MORE: The Manuscript Writing Cafe is open Saturdays and Sundays and you can reserve your seat online. https://koenji-sankakuchitai.blog.jp/ManuscriptWritingCafe/ Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Last time we spoke about the Changsha fire. Chiang Kai-shek faced a brutal choice: defend Wuhan to the last man or flood the land to slow the invaders. He chose both, pushing rivers and rallying a fractured army as Japanese forces pressed along the Yangtze. Fortresses at Madang held long, but the cost was high—troops lost, civilians displaced, a city's heart burning in the night. Wuhan fell after months of brutal fighting, yet the battle did not break China's will. Mao Zedong urged strategy over martyrdom, preferring to drain the enemy and buy time for a broader struggle. The Japanese, though victorious tactically, found their strength ebbing, resource strains, supply gaps, and a war that felt endless. In the wake of Wuhan, Changsha stood next in the Japanese crosshairs, its evacuation and a devastating fire leaving ash and memory in its wake. Behind these prices, political currents swirled. Wang Jingwei defected again, seeking power beyond Chiang's grasp, while Chongqing rose as a western bastion of resistance. The war hardened into a protracted stalemate, turning Japan from an aggressive assailant into a wary occupier, and leaving China to endure, persist, and fight on.   #175  The Soviet-Japanese Border Conflicts Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So based on the title of this one, you probably can see we are taking a bit of a detour. For quite some time we have focused on the Japanese campaigns into China proper 1937-1938. Now the way the second sino-japanese war is traditionally broken down is in phases. 1937-1938, 1939-1942 and 1942-1945. However there is actually even more going on in China aside from the war with Japan. In Xinjiang province a large full blown Islamic revolution breaks out in 1937. We will be covering that story at a later date, but another significant event is escalating border skirmishes in Manchukuo. Now these border skirmishes had been raging ever since the USSR consolidated its hold over the far east. We talked about some of those skirmishes prior to the Sino-Soviet war in 1929. However when Japan created the puppet government of Manchukuo, this was a significant escalation in tensions with the reds. Today we are going to talk about the escalating border conflicts between the Soviets and Japan. A tongue of poorly demarcated land extends southeast from Hunchun, hugging the east bank of the Tumen River between Lake Khasan to the east and Korea to the west. Within this tongue stands Changkufeng Hill, one of a long chain of highlands sweeping from upstream along the rivers and moors toward the sea. The twin-peaked hill sits at the confluence area several miles northwest of the point where Manchuria, Korea, and the Russian Far East meet. The hill's shape reminded Koreans of their changgo, which is a long snare drum constricted at the center and tapped with the hands at each end. When the Manchus came to the Tumen, they rendered the phonetic sounds into three ideographic characters meaning "taut drum peaks" or Chang-ku-feng. The Japanese admired the imagery and preserved the Chinese readings, which they pronounce Cho-ko-ho. From their eastern vantage, the Russians called it Zaozernaya, "hill behind the lake." Soviet troops referred to it as a sugar-loaf hill. For many years, natives and a handful of officials in the region cultivated a relaxed attitude toward borders and sovereignty. Even after the Japanese seized Manchuria in 1931, the issue did not immediately come to a head. With the expansion of Manchukuo and the Soviet Far East under Stalin's Five-Year plans, both sides began to attend more closely to frontier delimitation. Whenever either party acted aggressively, force majeure was invoked to justify the unexpected and disruptive events recognized in international law. Most often, these incidents erupted along the eastern Manchurian borders with the USSR or along the 350-mile frontier south of Lake Khanka, each skirmish carrying the seeds of all-out warfare. Now we need to talk a little bit about border history. The borders in question essentially dated to pacts concluded by the Qing dynasty and the Tsardom. Between the first Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 and the Mukden Agreement of 1924, there were over a dozen accords governing the borders. Relevant to Changkufeng were the basic 15-article Convention of Peking, supplementing the Tientsin Treaties of November 1860, some maps made in 1861, and the eight-article Hunchun Border Protocol of 1886. By the 1860 treaty, the Qing ceded to Tsarist Russia the entire maritime province of Siberia, but the meaning of "lands south of Lake Khanka" remained rather vague. Consequently, a further border agreement was negotiated in June 1861 known as "the Lake Khanka Border Pact", by which demarcations were drawn on maps and eight wooden markers erected. The border was to run from Khanka along ridgelines between the Hunchun River and the sea, past Suifenho and Tungning, terminating about 6 miles from the mouth of the Tumen. Then a Russo-Chinese commission established in 1886 drew up the Hunchun Border Pact, proposing new or modified markers along the 1860–1861 lines and arranging a Russian resurvey. However, for the Japanese, in 1938, the Chinese or Manchu texts of the 1886 Hunchun agreement were considered controlling. The Soviets argued the border ran along every summit west of Khasan, thereby granting them jurisdiction over at least the eastern slopes of all elevations, including Changkufeng and Shachaofeng.  Since the Qing dynasty and the house of Romanov were already defunct, the new sovereignties publicly appealed to opposing texts, and the Soviet side would not concede that the Russian-language version had never been deemed binding by the Qing commissioners. Yet, even in 1938, the Japanese knew that only the Chinese text had survived or could be located.    Now both the Chinese and Russian military maps generally drew the frontier along the watershed east of Khasan; this aligned with the 1861 readings based on the Khanka agreement. The Chinese Republican Army conducted new surveys sometime between 1915 and 1920. The latest Chinese military map of the Changkufeng area drew the border considerably closer to the old "red line" of 1886, running west of Khasan but near the shore rather than traversing the highland crests. None of the military delimitations of the border was sanctified by an official agreement. Hence, the Hunchun Protocol, whether well known or not, invaluable or worthless, remained the only government-to-government pact dealing with the frontiers.  Before we jump into it, how about a little summary of what became known as the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts. The first major conflict would obviously be the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Following years of conflict between the Russian Empire and Japan culminating in the costly Battle of Tsushima, Tsar Nicholas II's government sought peace, recognizing Japan's claims to Korea and agreeing to evacuate Manchuria.  From 1918 to 1920, the Imperial Japanese Army, under Emperor Taishō after the death of Meiji, assisted the White Army and Alexander Kerensky against the Bolshevik Red Army. They also aided the Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia to facilitate its return to Europe after an Austrian-Hungarian armoured train purportedly went astray. By 1920, with Austria-Hungary dissolved and Czechoslovakia established two years earlier, the Czechoslovak Legion reached Europe. Japan withdrew from the Russian Revolution and the Civil War in 1922. Following Japan's 1919-1920 occupations and the Soviet intervention in Mongolia in 1921, the Republic of China also withdrew from Outer Mongolia in 1921. In 1922, after capturing Vladivostok in 1918 to halt Bolshevik advances, Japanese forces retreated to Japan as Bolshevik power grew and the postwar fatigue among combatants increased. After Hirohito's invasion of Manchuria in 1931–1932, following Taishō's death in 1926, border disputes between Manchukuo, the Mongolian People's Republic, and the Soviet Union increased. Many clashes stemmed from poorly defined borders, though some involved espionage. Between 1932 and 1934, the Imperial Japanese Army reported 152 border disputes, largely tied to Soviet intelligence activity in Manchuria, while the Soviets accused Japan of 15 border violations, six air intrusions, and 20 cases of "spy smuggling" in 1933 alone. Numerous additional violations followed in the ensuing years. By the mid-1930s, Soviet-Japanese diplomacy and trust had deteriorated further, with the Japanese being openly labeled "fascist enemies" at the Seventh Comintern Congress in July 1935. Beginning in 1935, conflicts significantly escalated. On 8 January 1935, the first armed clash, known as the Halhamiao incident, took place on the border between Mongolia and Manchukuo. Several dozen cavalrymen of the Mongolian People's Army crossed into Manchuria near disputed fishing grounds and engaged an 11‑man Manchukuo Imperial Army patrol near the Buddhist temple at Halhamiao, led by a Japanese military advisor. The Manchukuo Army sustained 6 wounded and 2 dead, including the Japanese officer; the Mongols suffered no casualties and withdrew after the Japanese sent a punitive expedition to reclaim the area. Two motorized cavalry companies, a machine‑gun company, and a tankette platoon occupied the position for three weeks without resistance. In June 1935, the first direct exchange of fire between the Japanese and Soviets occurred when an 11‑man Japanese patrol west of Lake Khanka was attacked by six Soviet horsemen, reportedly inside Manchukuo territory. In the firefight, one Soviet soldier was killed and two horses were captured. The Japanese requested a joint investigation, but the Soviets rejected the proposal. In October 1935, nine Japanese and 32 Manchukuoan border guards were establishing a post about 20 kilometers north of Suifenho when they were attacked by 50 Soviet soldiers. The Soviets opened fire with rifles and five heavy machine guns. Two Japanese and four Manchukuoan soldiers were killed, and another five were wounded. The Manchukuoan foreign affairs representative lodged a verbal protest with the Soviet consul at Suifenho. The Kwantung Army of Japan also sent an intelligence officer to investigate the clash. On 19 December 1935, a Manchukuoan unit reconnoitering southwest of Buir Lake clashed with a Mongolian party, reportedly capturing 10 soldiers. Five days later, 60 truck‑borne Mongolian troops assaulted the Manchukuoans and were repulsed, at the cost of three Manchukuoan dead. On the same day, at Brunders, Mongolian forces attempted three times to drive out Manchukuoan outposts, and again at night, but all attempts failed. Further small attempts occurred in January, with Mongolians using airplanes for reconnaissance. The arrival of a small Japanese force in three trucks helped foil these attempts; casualties occurred on both sides, though Mongolian casualties are unknown aside from 10 prisoners taken. In February 1936, Lieutenant-Colonel Sugimoto Yasuo was ordered to form a detachment from the 14th Cavalry Regiment to "drive the Outer Mongol intruders from the Olankhuduk region," a directive attributed to Lieutenant-General Kasai Heijuro. Sugimoto's detachment included cavalry guns, heavy machine guns, and tankettes. They faced a force of about 140 Mongolians equipped with heavy machine guns and light artillery. On February 12, Sugimoto's men drove the Mongolians south, at the cost of eight Japanese killed, four wounded, and one tankette destroyed. The Japanese began to withdraw, but were attacked by 5–6 Mongolian armored cars and two bombers, which briefly disrupted the column. The situation was stabilized when the Japanese unit received artillery support, allowing them to destroy or repel the armored cars. In March 1936, the Tauran incident occurred. In this clash, both the Japanese Army and the Mongolian Army deployed a small number of armored fighting vehicles and aircraft. The incident began when 100 Mongolian and six Soviet troops attacked and occupied the disputed village of Tauran, Mongolia, driving off the small Manchurian garrison. They were supported by light bombers and armored cars, though the bombing sorties failed to inflict damage on the Japanese, and three bombers were shot down by Japanese heavy machine guns. Local Japanese forces counter-attacked, conducting dozens of bombing sorties and finally assaulting Tauran with 400 men and 10 tankettes. The result was a Mongolian rout, with 56 Mongolian soldiers killed, including three Soviet advisors, and an unknown number wounded. Japanese losses were 27 killed and 9 wounded. Later in March 1936, another border clash occurred between Japanese and Soviet forces. Reports of border violations prompted the Japanese Korean Army to send ten men by truck to investigate, but the patrol was ambushed by 20 Soviet NKVD soldiers deployed about 300 meters inside territory claimed by Japan. After suffering several casualties, the Japanese patrol withdrew and was reinforced with 100 men, who then drove off the Soviets. Fighting resumed later that day when the NKVD brought reinforcements. By nightfall, the fighting had ceased and both sides had pulled back. The Soviets agreed to return the bodies of two Japanese soldiers who had died in the fighting, a development viewed by the Japanese government as encouraging. In early April 1936, three Japanese soldiers were killed near Suifenho in another minor affray. This incident was notable because the Soviets again returned the bodies of the fallen servicemen. In June 1937, the Kanchazu Island incident occurred on the Amur River along the Soviet–Manchukuo border. Three Soviet gunboats crossed the river's center line, disembarked troops, and occupied Kanchazu Island. Japanese forces from the IJA 1st Division, equipped with two horse-drawn 37 mm artillery pieces, quickly established improvised firing positions and loaded their guns with both high-explosive and armor-piercing shells. They shelled the Soviet vessels, sinking the lead gunboat, crippling the second, and driving off the third. Japanese troops subsequently fired on the swimming crewmen from the sunken ships using machine guns. Thirty-seven Soviet soldiers were killed, while Japanese casualties were zero. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs protested and demanded the Soviet forces withdraw from the island. The Soviet leadership, apparently shocked by the incident and reluctant to escalate, agreed to evacuate their troops. By 1938 the border situation had deteriorated. The tangled terrain features, mountain, bog, stream, forest, and valley, would have complicated even careful observers' discernment of the old red line drawn in 1886. Fifty years later, the markers themselves had undergone a metamorphosis. Japanese investigators could find, at most, only 14 to 17 markers standing fairly intact between the Tumen estuary and Khanka—roughly one every 25 miles at best. The remainder were missing or ruined; five were found in new locations. Marker "K," for example, was 40 meters deeper inside Manchuria, away from Khanka. Japanese military experts noted that of the 20 markers originally set along the boundaries of Hunchun Prefecture alone, only four could be found by the summer of 1938. The rest had either been wrecked or arbitrarily moved and discarded by Russian or Chinese officials and inhabitants. It is even said that one missing marker could be seen on display in Khabarovsk. The Chinese had generally interpreted the boundary as the road line just west of Khasan, at least in practice. Free road movement, however, had become a problem even 20 years before the Japanese overran Manchuria in 1931–1932 during the so-called Manchurian Incident. The Japanese adopted, or inherited, the Chinese interpretation, which was based on the 1886 agreement on border roads; the key clause held that the frontier west of Khasan would be the road along the lake. Japanese sources emphasize that local residents' anger toward gradual Soviet oppression and penetrations westward into Manchurian territory fueled the conflict. Many natives believed the original boundaries lay east of the lake, but the Soviets adjusted the situation to suit their own convenience. In practice, the Russians were restricting road use just west of Khasan by Manchurian and Korean residents. There was speculation that this was a prelude to taking over the ridgelines, depending on the reaction of the Manchukuoan–Japanese side. Villagers who went to streams or the lake to launder clothing found themselves subjected to sniper fire. Along a 25-mile stretch of road near Shachaofeng, farmers reported coming under fire from new Soviet positions as early as November 1935. Nevertheless, Japanese and Koreans familiar with the Tumen area noted agrarian, seasonal Korean religious rites atop Changkufeng Hill, including fattened pigs sacrificed and changgo drums beaten. Village elders told Japanese visitors in 1938 that, until early the preceding year, no Russians had come as far as Changkufeng Hill. Looking only at the border sector around Changkufeng, the easy days were clearly behind us. In the summer of 1938, Gaimusho "Foreign Ministry" observers described the explosive situation along the Korea–Manchuria–USSR borders as a matter of de facto frontiers. Both sides pressed against each other, and their trigger-happy posture was summed up in the colloquial refrain: "Take another step and we'll let you have it." Near dawn on 13 June 1938, a Manchurian patrol detected a suspicious figure in the fog swirling over Changlingtzu Hill on the Siberian–Manchurian frontier. Challenged at 15 feet, the suspect hurled two pistols to the ground and raised his hands in surrender. At headquarters, the police soon realized this was no routine border-trespassing case. The man was a defector and he was a Russian general, in fact he was the director of all NKVD forces in the Soviet Far East. Beneath a mufti of spring coat and hunting cap, he wore a full uniform with medals. His identification card No. 83 designated him as G. S. Lyushkov, Commissar 3rd Class, countersigned by Nikolai Yezhov, NKVD head in Moscow. Lyushkov was promptly turned over to the Japanese military authorities, who transferred him to Seoul and then to Tokyo under close escort. On 1 July, the Japanese press was permitted to disclose that Lyushkov had sought refuge in Japan. Ten days later, to capitalize on the commissar's notoriety and to confound skeptics, the Japanese produced Lyushkov at a press conference in Tokyo. For the Japanese and foreign correspondents, who met separately with him, Lyushkov described Soviet Far East strength and the turmoil wracking the USSR, because for those of you unfamiliar this was during the Stalinist purges. Clearly, the Japanese had gained a unique reservoir of high-level intelligence and a wealth of materials, including notes scratched in blood by suspects incarcerated at Khabarovsk. A general tightening of Russian frontier security had recently been reported. Natives of Fangchuanting asserted that a Soviet cavalry patrol appeared in June, seemingly for the first time. Contact with Yangkuanping, northwest of Khasan, was severed. More importantly, Japanese Army Signal Corps intelligence detected a surge of Soviet message traffic from the Posyet Bay district. After Lyushkov's defection, a drastic reshuffle in the local Russian command apparently occurred, and responsibility for border surveillance seems to have been reallocated. Japanese records indicate that the Novokievsk security force commander was relieved and the sector garrison replaced by troops from Vladivostok. Gaimusho intelligence also received reports that a border garrison unit had been transferred from Khabarovsk or Chita to the Tumen sector. The Kwantung Army signal monitors also intercepted two significant frontline messages on 6 July from the new Russian local commander in the Posyet region, addressed to Lieutenant General Sokolov in Khabarovsk. Decoded, the messages suggested (1) that ammunition for infantry mortars amounted to less than half the required supply; and  (2) a recommendation that higher headquarters authorize Russian elements to secure certain unoccupied high ground west of Khasan.  The commander noted terrain advantages and the contemplated construction of emplacements that would command Najin and the Korean railway. As a start, at least one Russian platoon should be authorized to dig in on the highest ground (presumably Changkufeng) and deploy four tons of entanglements to stake out the Soviet claim. Korea Army Headquarters received a telegram from the Kwantung Army on 7 July conveying the deciphered messages. On the same day, the 19th Division in North Korea telephoned Seoul that, on 6 July, three or four Soviet horsemen had been observed reconnoitering Manchurian territory from atop a hill called Changkufeng. The alarming intelligence from the Kwantung Army and the front warranted immediate attention by the Korea Army. Some Kwantung Army officers doubted the significance of the developments, with one intelligence official even suggesting the Russian messages might be a deliberate ploy designed to entrap the Japanese at Changkufeng. On 7–8 July, all staff officers in Seoul convened at army headquarters. The name of Changkufeng Hill was not well known, but maps and other data suggested that neither the Japanese nor the Russians had previously stationed border units in the ridge complex west of Khasan. As early as March 1936, Army Commander Koiso Kuniaki had distributed maps to subordinate units, indicating which sectors were in dispute. No patrol was to enter zones lacking definitive demarcation. Until then, the only Japanese element east of the Tumen was a Manchurian policeman at Fangchuanting. Ownership of the high ground emerged as an early issue. A number of other points were raised by  the Kwantung Army: At present, Soviet elements in the area were negligible. The intrusion must not be overlooked. The Russians could be expected to exploit any weakness, and half-measures would not suffice, especially regarding the Japanese defense mission along a 125-mile frontier. In Japanese hands, Changkufeng Hill would be useful, but two excellent observation posts already existed in the neighboring sector of the Manchurian tongue. With dissidence and purges underway, the Russians may have judged it necessary to seal border gaps, particularly after Lyushkov's defection. They may also have sought to control Changkufeng to offset Japanese dominance of the high ground to the north. Soviet seizure of Changkufeng would upset the delicate status quo and could provoke a contest for equivalent observation posts. In broader terms, it mattered little whether the Russians sought a permanent observation post on Changkufeng Hill, which was of relatively minor strategic value. Japan's primary concern lay in the China theater; Changkufeng was peripheral. The Japanese should not expend limited resources or become distracted. The matter required consultation with the high command in Tokyo. In the absence of more comprehensive intelligence, the assembled staff officers concluded that the Korea Army should, at a minimum, ignore or disregard Soviet actions for the time being, while maintaining vigilant observation of the area. The consensus was communicated to Major General Kitano Kenzo, the Korea Army chief of staff, who concurred, and to Koiso. Upon learning that the recommendation advocated a low posture, Koiso inquired only whether the opinion reflected the unanimous view of the staff. Having been assured that it did, he approved the policy. Koiso, then 58, was at the threshold of the routine personnel changes occurring around 15 July. He had just been informed that he would retire and that General Nakamura Kotaro would succeed him. Those acquainted with Koiso perceived him as treating the border difficulties as a minor anticlimax in the course of his command tour. He appeared unemphatic or relaxed as he prepared to depart from a post he had held for twenty-one years. Although neither Koiso nor his staff welcomed the Soviet activities that appeared under way, his reaction likely reflected a reluctance to make decisions that could constrain his soon-to-arrive successor. On 8 July Koiso authorized the dispatch of warnings to the 19th Division at Nanam, to the Hunchun garrison, and to the intelligence branch at Hunchun. These units were instructed to exercise maximum precautions and to tighten frontier security north of Shuiliufeng. In response to the initial appearance of Soviet horsemen at Changkufeng, the Kucheng Border Garrison Unit of the 76th Infantry Regiment maintained close surveillance across the Tumen. By about noon on 9 July, patrols detected approximately a dozen Russian troops commencing construction atop Changkufeng. Between 11 and 13 July, the number of soldiers on the slopes increased to forty; there were also thirty horses and eleven camouflaged tents. Operating in shifts on the western side, thirty meters from the crest, the Russians erected barbed wire and firing trenches; fifty meters forward, they excavated observation trenches. In addition to existing telephone lines between Changkufeng, Lake Khasan, and Kozando, the Russians installed a portable telephone net. Logistical support was provided by three boats on the lake. Approximately twenty kilometers to the east, well within Soviet territory, large forces were being mobilized, and steamship traffic into Posyet Bay intensified. Upon learning of the "intrusion" at Changkufeng on 9 July, Lt. General Suetaka Kamezo, the commander of the 19th Division, dispatched staff officers to the front and prepared to send elements to reinforce border units.  The special significance of Suetaka and his division stemmed from a series of unusual circumstances. Chientao Province, the same zone into which Lyushkov had fled and the sector where Soviet horsemen had appeared, fell within Manchukuo geographically and administratively. Yet, in terms of defense, the configuration of the frontier, the terrain, and the transportation network more closely connected the region with North Korea than with southeastern Manchuria. Approximately 80% of the population was of Korean origin, which implied Japanese rather than Manchukuoan allegiance. Consequently, the Korea Army had been made operationally responsible for the defense of Chientao and controlled not only the three-battalion garrison at Hunchun but also the intelligence detachment located there. In the event of war, the Korea Army's mission was defined as mobilization and execution of subsidiary operational tasks against the USSR, under the control and in support of the Kwantung Army.  The Korea Army ordinarily possessed two infantry divisions, the 19th in North Korea and the 20th stationed at Seoul, but the 20th Division had already departed for China, leaving only the 20th Depot Division in the capital. Beyond sparse ground units, devoid of armor and with weak heavy artillery, there were only two air regiments in Korea, the nearest being the unit at Hoeryong. The Korea Army was designed to maintain public security within Korea as well as fulfill minimal defensive responsibilities. Such an army did not require a full-time operations officer, and none was maintained. When needed, as in mid-1938, the task fell to the senior staff officer, in this case Colonel Iwasaki Tamio. In peacetime, training constituted the primary focus.  Thus, the 19th Division was entrusted with defending northeastern Korea. Its commander, Suetaka, a seasoned infantryman, resented the fact that his elite force had never engaged in combat in China. He intensified training with zeal, emphasizing strict discipline, bravery, aggressiveness, and thorough preparation. Japanese veterans characterized him as severe, bullish, short-tempered, hot-blooded, highly strung, unbending, and stubborn. Nonetheless, there was widespread respect for his realistic training program, maintained under firm, even violent, personal supervision. His men regarded Suetaka as a professional, a modern samurai who forged the division into superb condition. Privately, he was reputed for sensitivity and warmth; a Japanese phrase "yakamashii oyaji" captures the dual sense of stern father and martinet in his character. At the outset, however, Suetaka displayed little aggression. Although not widely known, he did not welcome the orders from army headquarters to deploy to the Tumen. Until late July, he remained somewhat opposed to the notion of dislodging the Soviets from the crest, a proposition arising from neither the division staff nor, initially, Suetaka himself. Colonel Sato noted that, for a week after reports of Soviet excavation at Changkufeng, the division's response was limited to preparations for a possible emergency, as they perceived the matter as a local issue best settled through diplomacy. Korea Army officers acknowledged that, around the time the Soviets consolidated their outpost strength at Changkufeng, an informal and personal telegram arrived in Seoul from a Kwantung Army Intelligence field-grade officer who specialized in Soviet affairs. If the Korea Army hesitated, the Kwantung Army would be obliged to eject the Russians; the matter could not be ignored. While the telegram did not demand a reply and struck several officers as presumptuous and implausible, the message was promptly shown to Koiso. Koiso was driven to immediate action, he wired Tokyo asserting that only the Korea Army could and would handle the incident. One staff officer recalled "We felt we had to act, out of a sense of responsibility. But we resented the Kwantung Army's interference." The Korea Army staff convened shortly after receipt of the unofficial telegram from Hsinking. Based on the latest intelligence from the division dated 13 July, the officers prepared an assessment for submission to the army commander. The hypotheses were distilled into three scenarios: The USSR, or the Far East authorities, desires hostilities. Conclusion: Slightly possible. The USSR seeks to restrain Japan on the eve of the pivotal operations in China: the major Japanese offensive to seize Hankow. Conclusion: Highly probable. The Posyet district commander is new in his post; by occupying the Changkufeng ridges, he would demonstrate loyalty, impress superiors, and seek glory. Conclusion: Possible. Late on 13 July or early on 14 July, Koiso approved the dispatch of a message to the vice minister of war, and the Kwantung Army chief of staff:  "Lake Khasan area lies in troublesome sector USSR has been claiming . . . in accordance with treaties [said Secret Message No. 913], but we interpret it to be Manchukuoan territory, evident even from maps published by Soviet side. Russian actions are patently illegal, but, considering that area does not exert major or immediate influence on operations [Japan] is intending and that China Incident is in full swing, we are not going to conduct counterattack measures immediately. This army is thinking of reasoning with Soviets and requesting pullback, directly on spot. . . . In case Russians do not accede in long run, we have intention to drive Soviet soldiers out of area east of Khasan firmly by use of force."  The message concluded with a request that the Tokyo authorities lodge a formal protest with the USSR, on behalf of Manchukuo and Japan, and guide matters so that the Russians would withdraw quickly. Dominant in Japanese high command thinking in 1938 was the China theater; the Changkufeng episode constituted a mere digression. A sequence of Japanese tactical victories had preceded the summer: Tsingtao fell in January; the Yellow River was reached in March; a "reformed government of the Republic of China" was installed at Nanking several weeks later; Amoy fell in early May; Suchow fell on the 20th. With these gains, northern and central fronts could be linked by the Japanese. Yet Chinese resistance persisted, and while public statements anticipated imminent Chinese dissension, private admissions acknowledged that the partial effects of Suchow's fall were ominous: control might pass from Chiang Kai-shek to the Communists, Chinese defiance might intensify, and Soviet involvement could ensue. A Hankow drive appeared desirable to symbolize the conclusion of the military phase of hostilities. The Japanese and their adversaries were in accord regarding the importance of the summer and autumn campaigns. Even after Suchow's fall, the government discouraged public insinuations that enemy resistance was collapsing; when Chiang addressed the nation on the first anniversary of hostilities, Premier Konoe prophetically proclaimed, "The war has just begun." Colonel Inada Masazum served as the Army General Staff's principal figure for the Changkufeng affair, occupying the position of chief of the 2nd Operations Section within the Operations Bureau in March 1938. A distinguished graduate of the Military Academy, Inada completed the War College program and held a combination of line, instructional, and staff assignments at the War College, the Army General Staff, and the War Ministry. He was recognized as a sharp, highly capable, and driveful personality, though some regarded him as enigmatic. Following the capture of Suchow, Imperial General Headquarters on 18 June ordered field forces to undertake operational preparations for a drive to seize the Wuhan complex. Inada favored a decisive move aimed at achieving a rapid political settlement. He acknowledged that Soviet intervention in 1938, during Japan's involvement in China, would have been critical. Although Japanese forces could still defeat the Chinese, an overextended Japanese Army might be fatally compromised against the Russians. Soviet assistance to China was already pronouncedly unwelcome. The Soviets were reported to possess roughly 20 rifle divisions, four to five cavalry divisions, 1,500 tanks, and 1,560 aircraft, including 300 bombers with a range of approximately 3,000 kilometers, enabling reach from Vladivostok to Tokyo. Soviet manpower in Siberia was likely near 370,000. In response, Japanese central authorities stressed a no-trouble policy toward the USSR while seeking to "wall off" the border and bolster the Kwantung Army as quickly as possible. Nevertheless, the envisaged correction of the strategic imbalance could not occur before 1943, given shortages in ammunition, manpower, and materiel across existing theaters in China. By the end of 1937 Japan had committed 16 of its 24 divisions to China, bringing the standing force to roughly 700,000. Army General Staff planners reallocated three ground divisions, intended for a northern contingency, from north to central China, even as the Kwantung Army operated from a less favorable posture. Attitudes toward the northern problem varied within senior military circles. While concern persisted, it was not universal. As campaigns in China widened, planning at the high command level deteriorated, propagating confusion and anxiety to field armies in China. The Japanese Navy suspected that the Army general staff was invoking the USSR as a pretext for broader strategic aims—namely, to provoke a more consequential confrontation with the USSR while the Navy contended with its own strategic rivalries with the Army, centered on the United States and Britain. Army leaders, however, denied aggressive intent against the USSR at that time. The Hankow plan encountered substantial internal opposition at high levels. Private assessments among army planners suggested that a two-front war would be premature given operational readiness and troop strength. Not only were new War Ministry officials cautious, but many high-ranking Army general staff officers and court circles shared doubts.  Aggressive tendencies, influenced by subordinates and the Kwantung Army, were evident in Inada, who repeatedly pressed Tada Shun, the deputy army chief of staff, to endorse the Wuhan drive as both necessary and feasible, arguing that the USSR would gain from Japan's weakening without incurring substantial losses. Inada contended that Stalin was rational and that time favored the USSR in the Far East, where industrial buildup and military modernization were ongoing. He argued that the Soviet purges impeded opportunistic ventures with Japan. He posited that Nazi Germany posed a growing threat on the western front, and thus the USSR should be avoided by both Japan, due to China and Russia, due to Germany. While most of the army remained engaged in China, Tada did not initially share Inada's views; only after inspecting the Manchurian borders in April 1938 did he finally align with Inada's broader vision, which encompassed both northern and Chinese considerations. During this period, Inada studied daily intelligence from the Kwantung Army, and after Lyushkov's defection in June, reports suggested the Soviets were following their sector commander's recommendations. Russian troops appeared at Changkufeng, seemingly prepared to dig in. Inada recollects his reaction: "That's nice, my chance has come." I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The simmering Soviet–Japanese border clashes centered on Changkufeng Hill near Lake Khanka, set within a broader history of contested frontiers dating to Qing and Tsarist treaties. Japan, prioritizing China, considered Changkufeng peripheral but ready to confront Soviet encroachment; Moscow aimed to consolidate border gains, with high-level war planning overlaying regional skirmishes. Conflict loomed over Manchuria.

Linktree: ⁠https://linktr.ee/Analytic⁠Join The Normandy For Additional Bonus Audio And Visual Content For All Things Nme+! Join Here: ⁠https://ow.ly/msoH50WCu0K⁠Analytic Dreamz breaks down Travis Scott's explosive Tokyo show on Notorious Mass Effect. On Nov. 8, 2025, at Belluna Dome in Saitama Prefecture, Japan—the Circus Maximus Tour's Asia leg highlight—Scott ignited "electric" crowds with surprise guests Kanye West (48) and daughter Stormi Webster (7). Ye, masked entry turning unmasked frenzy, joined for "Through the Wire," "Can't Tell Me Nothing," "All of the Lights," "Heartless," "Runaway," "CARNIVAL"—their first stage since 2025 fallout, Scott dubbing him "brother" amid laughs and jumps. Stormi debuted onstage for "Thank God," nailing "Storm's a minor but you know she's livin' major" in graphic tee, fur coat, blue braids, and headphones—viral family milestone with Kylie Jenner (ex, 2017–2023; co-parents Aire, 3). Amid tour's sold-outs (São Paulo Sept. 6 opener; Delhi Oct. 18–19; Seoul Oct. 25; Macao Oct. 29; Hainan Nov. 1; Abu Dhabi Nov. 15; Mumbai Nov. 19), Scott paused "CHAMPAIN & VACAY" (JACKBOYS 2 opener): "Made a hundred off pushing T's... Fck that n**a!"—clear Pusha T shot, tied to Clipse's GQ disses (Malice: "We don't snitch"). Tokyo takeover added Cactus Jack pop-up, sneaker drop. Analytic Dreamz unpacks reconciliation, beef, co-parenting stats, and global momentum. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/analytic-dreamz-notorious-mass-effect/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

It's another Taylor solo episode covering some big shows as we approach the end of the year!There's discussion on the last two weeks in Stardom action, highlighted by Crimson Nightmare, along with talk of All Rise, Tokyo Joshi's latest Korakuen, Emi Sakura's 30th Anniversary show and much more!And looking into the future, Taylor previews a big Marigold Korakuen Hall show, Chihiro Hashimoto's 10th Anniversary show, and the next big Sareee produce show, SAREEEism IX!Don't miss it!Please follow us on BlueSky: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacyAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

UnratedRuntime: 2hr 4minWritten & Directed by Kiyoshi KurosawaStars: Masaki Suda, Kotone Furukawa and Daiken OkudairaPremiered at Venice International Film Festival August 30, 2024Released in US (limited) July 18, 2025RT: 93% critics / 61% audience Currently streaming on Criterion or available to rentSynopsisYoshii lives in Tokyo and resells goods on the internet as a side hustle while working in a factory. When Yoshii takes his reselling gig to the next level and quits his day job, he and his girlfriend leave the city for a house in the country. There it seems that Yoshii is being targeted by an unknown assailant. But with a profession that traffics in pissing a lot of people off, which of his enemies has it out for him?Join us again in two weeks when we will be reviewing the quarterly release from Oz Perkins, Keeper, opening in theaters November 14.Theme music: "Secret of Tiki Island" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Remember to Rate (5 Stars), Review (Great show, blah, blah, blah) and Follow us on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/b-o-boys-movie-box-office/id1489892648 E-mail us: theboboyspodcast@gmail.com   Subscribe on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@theboboyspodcast   Follow us on TikTok and Instagram: @TheBOBoysPod   Subscribe to us on Substack: https://substack.com/@theboboys Our AWESOME artwork was provided by the talented Ellie Skrzat. Check out her work at https://ellieskrzat.com/ Thanks to WannaBO VP of Interns Christopher for running our social media! ---

Olympic Gold Medallist Rhys McClenaghan joined Eoin Sheahan to dive into his journey to the Paris Olympics as well as his devastating loss in Tokyo. We'll also hear from his parents and his coach who gave us their account of Rhys' biggest moments in his career. Inner Drive on Off The Ball is brought to you by Allianz #Stopthedrop

It was a quick and decisive night for Vergil Ortiz in the Golden Boy main event, Dan talks with a rising lightweight star and we have fight news, too, on the newest "Fight Freaks Unite Recap Podcast."Host T.J. Rives returns with insider Dan Rafael of the Fight Freaks Unite Substack and newsletter with "The Tea." (good info/takes)First a Recap of the Saturday Golden Boy / DAZN card in Fort Worth, TexasVergil Ortiz scores quick TKO2 over Erickson Lubin, for Ortiz's WBC interim 154 lb. title.The guys iscuss prospect of Ortiz-Jaron Ennis next and do we believe them?Next, what turned out to be a terrible undercardDarius Fulghum D10 David Stevens in a boring bout.Amari Jones TKO3 Shady Gamhou middleweights.Joshua Edwards heavyweight win over Zeno VoorisRobin Safar W10 Derick Miller Jr., cruiserweight bout Also a quick recap of the Friday night ProBox main event in Lakeland, FloridaWelterweight Tiger Johnson, the Top Rank-promoted 2020 U.S. Olympian, pummeled Nicklaus Flaz in a TKO4. Dan has more.Then hear from Abdullah Mason, the unbeaten U.S. lightweight with Dan who battles unbeaten English contender Sam Noakes on 11/22 in the massive Riyadh Season PPV. And, some news:WBO junior middleweight titlist Xander Zayas and WBA counterpart Abass Baraou will meet in a title unification fight on Jan. 31 in San Juan, according to the WBO and confirmed by Zayas promoter Top Rank. Is this possibly going to be the first fight card for Top Rank's new fight deal with a broadcaster.WBA bantamweight titleholder Seiya Tsutsumi will defend against interim titlist and surefire future Hall of Famer Nonito Donaire, age 42, on Dec.17 in Tokyo, Teiken Promotions announced  And, undisputed women's heavyweight champion and female No. 1 pound-for-pound Claressa Shields, who had become a promotional free agent, has re-signed with Salita Promotions as and brought on Wynn Records as a co-promoter, in an $8 million multi-fight partnership We go over the deal.It's all part of the "Fight Freaks Unite Recap Podcast" and make sure to follow/subscribe on Apple/Spreaker/Spotify, etc.

Harada Sekkei Roshi (1926-2020) was the abbot of Hosshin-ji, a Soto Zen training monastery and temple, in Fukui Prefecture, near the coast of central Japan. He was born in 1926 in Okazaki, near Nagoya, and was ordained at Hosshin-ji in 1951. In 1953, he went to Hamamatsu to practice under Zen Master Inōe Gien (1894-1981), and received inkashomei (certification of realization) in 1957.In 1974, he was installed as resident priest and abbot of Hosshin-ji and was formally recognized by the Soto Zen sect as a certified Zen master (shike) in 1976. Since 1982, Harada traveled abroad frequently, teaching in such countries as Germany, France, the United States, and India. He also led zazen groups within Japan, in Tokyo and Saitama. From 2003-2005, he was Director of the Soto Zen Buddhism Europe Office located in Milan.Harada Sekkei Roshi died on Saturday, June 20, 2020 at the age of 93. He had been in hospice care for more than a year at a small hospital run by one of his students in the town of Obama, Fukui Prefecture.These selected pointers have been taken from various newsletters as well as the text, The Essence of Zen: The Teachings of Sekkei Harada.https://www.amazon.com.au/Essence-Zen...Music: Swami Madhuram - 'Rainy Day Retreat'.For more of Swamiji's music please find it here: https://insighttimer.com/swamimadhuram

In this ep we talk Republicans gettin mooly whopped in recent elections and Sean Hannity and his friends cryiin real tears about it, woman kills diseased monkey that escaped from crash, UPS plane crash, man collapses behind Trump and he doesn't give a ish, stranded Chinese astronauts, man confronts bully 50 years later and ends up shooting him, funeral home put wrong body in coffin and causes heart attack, and much more! Email here: tokyoblackhour@gmail.com Check us out Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/TokyoBlackHour/   Check out the Youtube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_C1Txvh93PHEsnA-qOp6g?view_as=subscriber Follow us on Twitter @TokyoBlackPod Get your apparel at https://tkbpandashop.com/  You can also catch us Apple Podcasts, Google Play, and Spotify Check out Every Saturday Morning here https://www.everysaturdaymorning.fun Check out the mix here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=outOhNt1vBA&t=1167s

The mother of a Thai girl believed to have been forced into sex work at a massage parlor in Tokyo has been detained in Taiwan, it has been learned.

We celebrate 10 years of MagCulture with Jeremy Leslie; Emily Tobin from ‘The World of Interiors’; Graham Hiemstra from ‘Field Mag’; and why T-Site in Tokyo is an example to be followed when it comes to bookshops. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

At the 2025 World Championships in Tokyo, Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone won 400m gold in 47.78, the 2nd fastest time in history and just off the world record of 47.60 which has now stood for over 40 years. Let's break down Sydney's legendary performance, the depth of the race behind her, as well as how and if the world record may actually be broken in the coming years.⁠--------------------------------------------Chapters:00:00 Intro01:15 The 400m World Record02:38 What the Tokyo 2025 final was so special03:54 Why the 400m World Record has stood so long05:54 How Sydney ran 47.78 in the 400m10:23 400m Race Splits10:36 Tokyo 400m Final Race Splits11:07 Best 400m splits of 202511:55 All-time best 400m splits13:30 Why the record WILL be broken in 202615:21 Why the record WONT be broken in 202616:10 Why the record WONT be broken anytime soon19:31 Why the record WILL be broken sooner than we think20:44 Summary⁠--------------------------------------------

Is Bangkok really becoming the least affordable city in the world for renters and young people? In this episode, we break down the rising cost of living in Bangkok, from housing prices and transportation to food delivery habits and the impact of tourism and foreign money. Earn and I discuss what daily life actually costs for Thai locals compared to foreigners, why prices for street food and rent have jumped so quickly, and how income levels in Thailand simply don't match today's expenses. We also react to the recent international report claiming that Bangkok now ranks as the least affordable city for renters worldwide, surpassing cities like Hong Kong, Tokyo, and New York. Is the report accurate or is there more to the story?

The blog postIn this episode of Lean Blog Audio, Mark Graban reads his reflection, “I'm Still Dreaming About My Meal at Sukiyabashi Jiro's Sushi in Tokyo.”Join Mark as he shares a rare dining experience at the legendary Sukiyabashi Jiro — the Michelin-starred Tokyo restaurant made famous by Jiro Dreams of Sushi. Beyond the extraordinary craftsmanship and taste, Mark explores what this meal revealed about efficiency, flow, and the subtle trade-offs between speed and hospitality.Was the meal a marvel of Lean precision, or a reminder that even the best systems can become too efficient for the human experience?This thoughtful story connects sushi-making to leadership, quality, and the meaning of service in any industry — from restaurants to hospitals to manufacturing floors.Listen for insights on:The difference between cycle time and takt time — and how it shapes customer experienceWhy optimizing for efficiency can unintentionally reduce satisfactionThe balance between process excellence and personal connectionWhat Jiro's disciplined craftsmanship can teach us about Lean thinking

VOV1 - Cuốn sách “Tháp đồng cảm Tokyo” đã dành được giải thưởng Akutagawa, một giải thưởng văn học danh giá của Nhật Bản, đặt ra những câu hỏi sâu sắc và mang tính thời sự về sự thấu hiểu, sự cô đơn, và khát vọng kết nối của con người trong thời đại số đang phát triển mạnh mẽ.

Te la do io Tokyo - Trasmissione del 08/11/2025 - Tutte le notizie su www.marione.net

【台北、バンコク時事】タイ国籍の少女を違法に働かせたとして東京都文京区のマッサージ店経営者が逮捕された事件で、台湾の出入境管理当局である移民署は８日、少女を日本に置き去りにした母親を拘束中だと明らかにした。 The mother of a Thai girl believed to have been forced into sex work at a massage parlor in Tokyo has been detained in Taiwan, it has been learned.

While some people find Labubus terrifying, millions of others find their big eyes and furry features irresistibly adorable. Why? From Labubu dolls taking over TikTok, to emoji taking over our text messages, cuteness is all over the internet. Ben and Amory talk to Joshua Paul Dale, professor at Tokyo's Chuo University and the preeminent cuteness expert about how cute has conquered all. Show notes: Irresistible: How Cuteness Wired our Brains and Conquered the World (Profile Books) The Cute Studies Project This episode was produced by Grace Tatter, edited by Meg Cramer, and co-hosted by Ben Brock Johnson and Amory Sivertson. Mix and sound design by Emily Jankowski.

 “Would you ever spend over $3,600 just to see your team play in the biggest college football game of the year?” That's just one of the questions sparking laughter and lively debate on this episode of The JB and Sandy Show. Join JB, Sandy, and special guest Stephen Presley from ThunderPopTV as they dive into the heart of Austin's culture, from the city's legendary yard art and iconic neon signs to the wild world of ticket prices for the Texas vs. Texas A&M showdown. The episode kicks off with a hilarious story about a listener-made metal sculpture of Smokey Bear and Bigfoot—now a prized possession with “joint custody” between Sandy and Tricia, and a symbol of Austin's delightfully weird spirit. You'll hear:The nostalgia and humor behind Austin's lost art of quirky yard displays, and why Sandy draws the line at a seven-foot Sasquatch in the front yard.Stephen Presley's insights on the city's most famous signs, including the Genie Car Wash and Lucky Lounge, and how these relics fuel Austin's social media scene.A candid discussion about skyrocketing ticket prices for the Longhorns vs. Aggies game, with JB and Sandy debating whether they'd sell their seats to rival fans for thousands of dollars.Memorable moments like Sandy's “biggest flex” of being featured on the El Arroyo sign, and the friendly rivalry over whose family made the cover of The Chronicle.A relatable look at travel deals, frugal habits, and the joys of spontaneous adventures—plus a quick update on JB's daughter's foodie adventures in Tokyo.Notable quote:“My point being is like, wow, $740 round trip. Hell, you could spend that on two weekends in Austin. We're not doing nothing. And no experience to show for it.” – SandyWhether you're an Austin native, a college football fanatic, or just love a good story, this episode is packed with laughs, local flavor, and the kind of offbeat charm that keeps listeners coming back. Don't miss out—subscribe to The JB and Sandy Show, leave us a review, and share this episode with friends who love Austin as much as you do! Guest Summary This episode features Stephen Presley, creator of ThunderPopTV, a pop culture podcast and media platform. Stephen's deep ties to Austin's creative scene and his passion for the city's unique landmarks make him the perfect guest to explore the stories behind Austin's most beloved signs and the ever-evolving local culture.

The Platform Mix 582 features Chizzle, from Miami! He's been in game for years and has played all over the world at venues like 1Oak in Tokyo, Madrid in Spain, Greenlight Social in Texas, Barstool Nashville, Philly and Scottsdale and of course at home in Miami at LIV and E11EVEN. He's put together an hour of his favorites and even included remixes of his own too! Follow Chizzle on his socials to see all his upcoming gigs, subscribe to my Patreon to see full track lists from the mixes, take a look at my top tracks of the week and get a look into what I'm playing out in my sets. Now turn those speakers up and let's get into it with Chizzle's latest right here, on The Platform. Chizzle: https://www.instagram.com/djchizzle/ Podcast: www.youtube.com/@theplatformmix Patreon: www.patreon.com/djdexmke Artwork by Michael Byers-Dent: www.instagram.com/byersdent/

We are thrilled to be able to interview the one and only Philip Harper at the brewery where he works as toji, or master brewer. Philip is first non-Japanese person to become a toji at a brewery in Japan, and his impact on the world of sake cannot be overstated. Our hosts, Cindy Bissig, Chris Pellegrini, and Frank Walter, made the trek to the tippy top of Kyoto Prefecture to visit the brewery and Philip, and what a visit it was! Philip opened up about his beginnings in the sake world, how he came to join Kinoshita Brewery, and the philosophy behind how he creates the taste of the iconic brand. Philip also revealed how he recommends drinking Tamagawa sake. Kinoshita brewery is best known for their Tamagawa brand of sake and is located on the Japan sea coast about a 2 hours drive from Kyoto station. It has a lovely tasting room and shop where visitors can sample some of the brewery's best brews for free. We'd love to hear what you thought about the episode! Let us know at questions@sakeonair.com or send us a message on our Instagram, Facebook, or Substack! We'll be back very soon with plenty more Sake On Air. Until then, kampai! Sake On Air is made possible with the generous support of the Japan Sake & Shochu Makers Association and is broadcast from the Japan Sake & Shochu Information Center in Tokyo. Sake on Air was created by Potts K Productions and is produced by Export Japan. Our theme, “Younger Today Than Tomorrow” was composed by forSomethingNew for Sake On Air. 

A show that connects more than just music If you have ever wondered what a truly global deep house community sounds like, this is it. In episode 620 of Dirty Disco, the music is only part of the story. The real magic lies in the connection between people. This week [...] The post Dirty Disco 620: From London to Tokyo, A Global Journey Through Deep and Soulful Electronic Music appeared first on Dirty Disco - Curated Electronic Music & more.

Step into the world of tokusatsu with Ultraman Max director Takeshi Yagi! The Krewe chats with Yagi-san about the artistry, imagination, and behind-the-scenes magic that bring Ultraman and Japan's iconic heroes & monsters to life. Discover how tokusatsu continues to inspire fans around the world.------ About the Krewe ------The Krewe of Japan Podcast is a weekly episodic podcast sponsored by the Japan Society of New Orleans. Check them out every Friday afternoon around noon CST on Apple, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts.  Want to share your experiences with the Krewe? Or perhaps you have ideas for episodes, feedback, comments, or questions? Let the Krewe know by e-mail at kreweofjapanpodcast@gmail.com or on social media (Twitter: @kreweofjapan, Instagram: @kreweofjapanpodcast, Facebook: Krewe of Japan Podcast Page, TikTok: @kreweofjapanpodcast, LinkedIn: Krewe of Japan LinkedIn Page, Blue Sky Social: @kreweofjapan.bsky.social, & the Krewe of Japan Youtube Channel). Until next time, enjoy!------ Support the Krewe! Offer Links for Affiliates ------Use the referral links below!Zencastr Offer Link - Use my special link to save 30% off your 1st month of any Zencastr paid plan! ------ Links for Takeshi Yagi ------Takeshi Yagi on InstagramTakeshi Yagi on X/TwitterTakeshi Yagi's WebsiteTakeshi Yagi's Blog (JP)Takeshi Yagi's New Book (Releasing Nov 19, 2025)Wikizilla Page on AKARI------ Past Tokusatsu/Pop Culture Episodes ------Enjoying Shojo Anime & Manga ft. Taryn of Manga Lela (S5E18)Akira Toriyama: Legacy of a Legend ft. Matt Alt (S5E3)The History & Evolution of Godzilla ft. Dr. William (Bill) Tsutsui (S5E1)Thoughts on Godzilla Minus One ft. Dr. William (Bill) Tsutsui (S4Bonus)The History of Nintendo ft. Matt Alt (S4E18)Japanese Mascot Mania ft. Chris Carlier of Mondo Mascots (S4E8)Tokusatsu Talk with a Super Sentai ft. Sotaro Yasuda aka GekiChopper (S4E6)The Evolution of PokéMania ft Daniel Dockery [Part 2] (S4E3)The Evolution of PokéMania ft Daniel Dockery [Part 1] (S4E2)Japanese Independent Film Industry ft. Award Winning Director Eiji Uchida (S3E18)How Marvel Comics Changed Tokusatsu & Japan Forever ft Gene & Ted Pelc (Guest Host, Matt Alt) (S3E13)Talking Shonen Anime Series ft. Kyle Hebert (S3E10)Japanese Arcades (S2E16)How to Watch Anime: Subbed vs. Dubbed ft. Dan Woren (S2E9)Manga: Literature & An Art Form ft. Danica Davidson (S2E3)The Fantastical World of Studio Ghibli ft. Steve Alpert (S2E1)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 3: Modern Day Anime  (2010's-Present) (S1E18)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 2: The Golden Age  (1990's-2010's) (S1E16)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 1: Nostalgia (60's-80's) (S1E5)We Love Pokemon: Celebrating 25 Years (S1E3)Why Japan ft. Matt Alt (S1E1)------ JSNO Upcoming Events ------JSNO Event CalendarJoin JSNO Today!

At the 2025 World Championships in Tokyo Japan, Mondo Duplantis, Faith Kipyegon, and Ryan Crouser all won gold medals in their respective events, which gave them an unprecedented 5 consecutive gold medals at 5 consecutive global championships, in 5 consecutive years.Let's breakdown how each of them won their gold medals and a bit of history of consecutive medalists at previous global championships.⁠--------------------------------------------Chapters:00:00 Intro00:40 History of Olympic/World Championship Cycle02:28 Five consecutive Global Champs04:12 Athletes with 3 consecutive medals04:52 Athletes with more than 3 consecutive medals05:38 Athletes with 3 consecutive gold medals06:06 Athletes with more than 3 consecutive gold medals06:38 2021-2025 Championships06:53 Contenders for 5 golds after 202207:24 What happened at Budapest 202308:23 What happened at Paris 202408:51 What happened at Tokyo 202509:10 How Mondo Duplants won 5 Golds10:11 How Faith Kipyegon won 5 Golds11:41 How Ryan Crouser won 5 Golds14:26 5 consecutive medals of any color15:11 2026 World Ultimate Championships16:03 Summary⁠--------------------------------------------

A conversation with Remo Anzovino – pianist and composer who has written music for an array of media projects, theatre and cinema including a vast number of silent films. Maestro Anzovino was in Japan in November 2025 for concerts in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto and joined me live on the air at the Hanzomon, Tokyo studio on my InterFM morning show broadcast across Japan.

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Olympic bronze medalist Molly Seidel sits down with Coach Ben to share her journey from high-school prodigy to making marathon history in Tokyo.Molly opens up about her courageous decision to withdraw from the NYC Marathon, what it truly takes to compete at the highest level, and the lessons that have shaped her career - including the hardest one: knowing when to stop.In this raw and honest conversation, she reflects on rebuilding after setbacks, balancing passion with pressure, and why she keeps coming back to running - despite injuries, self-doubt, and constant challenges.When Molly became the first American woman in 17 years to medal in the Olympic marathon, it was the culmination of years battling adversity and rediscovering joy on her own terms.What You'll Learn:

fWotD Episode 3108: Slug (song) Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia's finest articles.The featured article for Friday, 7 November 2025, is Slug (song)."Slug" is a song by Passengers, a side project of musician Brian Eno and rock band U2. It is the second track on Passengers' sole release, the 1995 experimental album Original Soundtracks 1. The track was originally titled "Seibu" and was almost left off the album before it was rediscovered later during the recording sessions. Though Eno made most of the creative decisions during the sessions, "Slug" was one of the few tracks that the members from U2 tried to craft themselves.Lyrically, it portrays the thoughts of a desolate soul with the confusion of romance and faith. As Eno and U2 were writing songs for fictional soundtracks, they tried to create a visual suggestion from the music that was more important than the story within the lyrics. In "Slug", the instrumentation is intended as visual music representing the lights turning on in a city at night. The group primarily drew inspiration for the song from U2's experiences in Tokyo at the conclusion of their Zoo TV Tour in 1993. "Slug" was praised as one of the best songs on the album by critics from various publications, both at the time of its release and in retrospective reviews.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:31 UTC on Friday, 7 November 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Slug (song) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Aria.

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Brea and Mallory name their most anticipated books for November and December! Plus, they interview the filmmaker behind the new documentary The Librarians, Kim A. Snyder. Email us at readingglassespodcast at gmail dot com!Reading Glasses MerchRecommendations StoreThe Reading Glasses Book!Sponsors -IngramSparkwww.ingramspark.com/learnmoreGreenChefwww.greenchef.com/50GLASSESCODE: 50GLASSESLinks -Reading Glasses Facebook GroupReading Glasses Goodreads GroupWish ListNewsletterLibro.fmTo join our Discord channel, email us proof of your Reading-Glasses-supporting Maximum Fun membership!www.maximumfun.org/joinThe Librarians Books Mentioned - Bury Our Bones in the Midnight Soil by V.E. SchwabSomebody is Walking on Your Grave by Mariana Enriquez, translated by Megan McDowellNovemberBitter Honey by Lolá Ákínmádé ÅkerströmLiterary fiction, mother-daughter relationship, Swedish pop star whose mother is trying to protect her from the pastCursed Daughters by Oyinkan BraithwaiteLiterary fiction, family curse, a woman whose family believes she is another family member reincarnatedLucky Seed by Justinian HuangLiterary fiction, matriarch of a wealthy family is pushing her gay nephew to produce an heir for the familyNext Time Will Be Our Turn by Jesse Q. SutantoLiterary fiction, woman learning the truth of her glamorous grandmother's star crossed queer love storyThat's Not How It Happened by Craig ThomasLiterary fiction, family whose lives get adapted into a movie and chaos ensues, creator of HOW I MET YOUR MOTHERThe White Hot by Quiara Alegría HudesLiterary fiction, bad-mom trope, generational trauma, Siddhartha reimaginingQueen Esther by John IrvingReturn to the world of The Cider House Rules The Amberglow Candy Store by Hiyoko Kurisu, translated by Matt TreyvaudMagical realism, a fox spirit who sells magic healing treats to humansDeeper than the Ocean by Mirta OjitoLiterary fiction, multigenerational, immigration, family tiesThe Eleventh Hour by Salman RushdieShort stories, magical realismPalaver by Bryan WashingtonLiterary fiction, family, healingThe Pelican Child by Joy WilliamsShort stories, the struggle of livingDays at the Torunka Cafe by Satoshi Yagisawa, translated by Eric OzawaLiterary fiction, set in Tokyo, three people find literal and emotional nourishmentThe Botanist's Assistant by Peggy TownsendMystery, cozy, research assistant to a botanist must solve a murderThe Mysterious Death of Junetta PlumHistorical mystery, Jazz Age Harlem, woman and her orphaned charge must solve a murderThe Perfect Hosts by Heather GudenkaufThriller, someone dies at a “pistols and pearls” gender reveal party, secretsBest Offer Wins by Marisa KashinoThriller, satire, competitive real estate market, woman who has lost out on 11 houses will do anything to get her dream homeWith Friends Like These by Alissa LeeThriller, group of college friends who have been playing a killing game known as The Circus for 20 yearsThe Burning Library by Gilly MacmillanThriller, dark academia, Scotland, rivalling secret orders of women battling to find a medieval manuscript, murderTurns of Fate by Anne BishopFantasy, contemporary, paranormal detective, start of seriesThe Nameless Land by Kate ElliotFantasy, epic, sequel to The Witch RoadsThe Merge by Grace WalkerSci fi, dystopian, a world where the separate consciousnesses of two people can be put in one bodyBrigands and Breadknives by Travis BaldreeThird book of Legends and LattesI, Media by Ayana GrayHistorical fiction, retelling, Greek mythology, villain origin storyAphrodite by Phoenicia RogersonHistorical fiction, retelling, Greek mythologyBeasts of the Sea by Iida Turpeinen, translated by David HackstonHistorical fiction, Finland, triple timeline, 1700s naturalist, 1850s Alaskan governor finds mysterious skeleton, 1950s museum curatorLast Call at the Savoy by Brisa CarletonHistorical fiction, historian investigating story of first female celebrity bartenderThe Mad Wife by Meagan ChurchHistorical fiction, 1950s housewife, motherhood, identityThe Place Where They Buried Your Heart by Christina HenryHorror, child disappearance, scary house, woman returning home to confront childhood mysteryThe Villa, Once Beloved by Victor ManiboHorror, gothic, Philippines, diaspora, intergenerational trauma, demonsSecond Chance Romance by Olivia DadeContemporary romance, small town, plus size heroine, second chance, grumpy/grumpyBlackthorn by J.T. GeissingerDark romance, gothic, paranormal, forbidden, grumpy/grumpy, enemies to lover, dark magic, touch her and dieThe Marriage Narrative by Claire KannContemporary romance, reality TV, marriage of convenienceSon of the Morning by Akwaeke EmeziRomantasy, spicy, set in the Black South, queer, magicEmber Eternal by Chlore NeillRomantasy, thief with secret magic, court intrigue/imperial politicsViolet Thistlewaite Is Not a Villain Anymore by Emily KremphotlzRomantasy, plant witch and grumpy alchemist must save their small town from a magical plagueThe Bookshop Below by Georgia SummersRomantasy, disgraced bookseller restores a magical bookshop and enters dark underworld of dark ink magic and shady collectorsBook of Lives by Margaret AtwoodMemoirCher: The Memoir, Part TwoThe First Eight: A Personal History of the Pioneering Black Congressmen Who Shaped a Nation by Jim ClyburnMemoirQueen Mother: Black Nationalism, Reparations, and the Untold Story of Audley Moore by Ashley D. FarmerBiography of woman who helped found modern Black nationalism and who led the fight for reparationsWe Did OK, Kid by Anthony HopkinsMemoirStar of the Show: My Life on Stage by Dolly PartonMemoirBread of Angels by Patti SmithMemoir100 Rules for Living to 100: An Optimist's Guide to a Happy Life by Dick Van DykeAutobiographyBlack-Owned: The Revolutionary Life of the Black Bookstore by Char AdamsHistory, the role of Black-owned bookstores in Black political movements throughout U.S. historyThirst Trap by Gráinne O'HareLiterary fiction, queer, friendship, moving from late 20s to early 30sWhere There's Room for Us by Hayley KiyokoQueer YA romance in reimagined queernorm Victorian EnglandThe Dramatic Life of Jonah Penrose by Robyn GreenQueer romance, Red White and Royal Blue but in the London theater sceneAs Many Souls as Stars by Natasha SiegelQueer romantasy, sapphic, witch and demon caught in game across multiple lifetimesPetty Lies by Sulmi Bak, translated by Sarah LyoHorror, epistolary, four characters locked in a cycle of vengeanceDecemberThe Snake-Eater by T KingfisherFantasy, contemporary, horror, woman leaves the city to live in her late aunt's house, an ancient god comes to collect on aunt's unfulfilled promiseThe Birdwater by Jacquelyn MitchardLiterary fiction, journalist investigates a former classmate who is accused of murderThe Time Hop Coffee Shop by Phaedra PatrickMagical realism, magical coffee which grants you a wish, protagonist wishes to revisit her past so she can change the presentHouse of Day, House of Night by Olga Tokarczuk, translated by Antonia Lloyd-JonesReprint of early novel - series of interconnected short storiesThe Jaguar's Roar by Micheliny Verunschk, translated by Juliana BarbassaHistorical fiction, parallel timelines - one is an Indigenous girl in the 1800s who is kidnapped, and another that is a modern woman's search for herTailored Realities by Brandon SandersonFantasy, short storiesDawn of the Firebird by Sarah Mughal RanaFantasy, woman must secretly join enemy's magical school after her clan is killed, djinn, vengeanceWe Will Rise Again edited by Karen Lord, Annalee Newitz, and Malka OlderSpec fic, short stories, essays, protest, resistance, hope, interviewsThe Mating Game by Lana FergusonParanormal romance, wolf shifter, Christmas, contemporaryTender Cruelty by Katee RobertDark romance, Hera/Zeus, Greek retelling, spicyThe Dark is Descending by Chloe C. PeñarandaThird in romantasy trilogyThe Sea Captain's Wife: A True Story of Mutiny, Love, and Adventure at the Bottom of the World by Tilar J. MazzeoHistory, Gold Rush–era, maritime adventure, Mary Ann Patten - first woman captain of a merchant shipGalapagos by Fátima Vélez, translated by Hannah KaudersWeird fiction, queer, group of artists who are dying of AIDS embark on a surreal final voyage through the Galapagos IslandsSong of Ancient Lovers by Laura Restrepo, translated by Caro de RobertisFantasy, retelling, mythical love story, Queen of Sheba and King SolomonCape Fever by Nadia DavidsHorror, gothic, psychological, historical, 1920s, maid finds herself entangled with the spirits of a decaying manor, secretsAn Anthology of Rural Stories by Writers of Color edited by Deesha PhilyawShort storiesWinter Stories by Ingvild RishøiShort storiesSecrets of the First School by TL HuchuFinal Edinburgh Nights bookBetter in Black: Ten Stories of Shadowhunter Romance by Cassandra ClareShort storiesThe Happiness Collector by Crystal KingSpec fic, a historian's dream job in Italy takes a dark turn when she discovers her employers aren't humanThe Last Vampire by Romina GarberYA dark fantasy, boarding school, Pride and Prejudice meets CraveThe Library of Fates by Margot HarrisonRomantasy, two former classmates race to find a rare book that can foretell your future if you confess a secret from your pastA Grim Reaper's Guide to Cheating Death by Maxie DaraCozy fantasy mystery, when a killer targets her brother, a grim reaper risks everything to save himRomantasy Cocktails by Jassy DavisCookingA Steep and Savage Path by JJA HarwoodRomantasy, vampires, dark romance, enemies to lovers, journey to the underworldWe Who Will Die by Stacia StarkRomantasy, Ancient Rome, Rome-antasy, vampires, slow burn, magic creatures, godsAn Arcane Inheritance by Kamilah ColeFantasy, dark academia, magic university, secret societyMurder in Manhattan by Julie MulhernMystery, historical, female reporter solving crimes in the glamorous world of the rich and famous in 1920s ManhattanHer Time Traveling Duke by Bryn DonovanRomantasy, time travel, grumpy-sunshine, love spells brings a Regency duke to modern timesSeeing Other People by Emily Wibberley and Austin Siegemund-BrokaParanormal romance, two people literally haunted by their exesEveryone in the Group Chat Dies by L.M. ChiltonMystery, funny, 90s serial killer, TikTok true crime investigatorTwin Tides by Hien NguyenYA horror, long-lost twin sisters unravel the mystery behind their mother's disappearance

November 6, 2025: Five major stories reveal how the rules of work are being rewritten worldwide. Australia's landmark ruling makes remote work a legal right, signaling the next phase of the flexibility debate. CEOs from Palantir to AT&T are reasserting control over DEI, AI, and culture after years of hybrid drift. In the U.S., Gen Z and wealthy professionals are returning to cities like New York for career security as urban networks regain power. Tokyo launches a four-day workweek to address burnout and a collapsing birthrate, while IBM's latest layoffs show how automation is reshaping the entry-level job market. Together, these stories mark a global recalibration of power, purpose, and productivity.

You asked for an engaging episode description, a compelling title, a guest summary, SEO keywords, and a call-to-action for The JB and Sandy Show, using the provided transcript. Here's how I'll approach your request:I'll open with a thought-provoking question from the episode to hook listeners.I'll highlight key moments, themes, and guest insights, ensuring the description is detailed and enticing.I'll summarize the guest's background and relevance.I'll craft a powerful, curiosity-driven title.I'll include SEO keywords (no spaces).I'll end with a strong call-to-action.Episode Title “Naked Truths & Travel Tales: What Happens When Austin's Hippie Hollow Makes National Headlines?” Episode Description “Is it really a ‘beach' if it's just a cliff full of naked people?” That's the question that kicks off this lively episode of The JB and Sandy Show. Join JB and Sandy as they dive into the quirky world of Austin's famous Hippie Hollow, recently ranked #5 nude beach in America by CNN—despite not being a beach at all! The hosts share hilarious personal stories, from drive-by boat tours of Hippie Hollow's rocky shores to childhood memories of witnessing the unexpected. The conversation takes a global turn as JB updates listeners on his daughter Raleigh's spontaneous adventure to Tokyo, Japan. Hear about her budget-friendly travel hacks, hostel stays, and the excitement (and anxiety) of international journeys. The hosts reflect on the freedom and challenges of travel, surf mishaps in San Diego, and the universal need for a “get out bag” when life throws curveballs. Key Moments & Themes:The real story behind Hippie Hollow's “beach” status and its place in Austin cultureCandid, comedic memories of first encounters with nudist spotsJB's daughter Raleigh's last-minute trip to Japan: travel tips, hostel living, and family dynamicsThe importance of having an escape plan—whether it's a trailer, a guest house, or just a backup couchGender roles and relationship humor: who really gets the house in a breakup?Call-to-Action Love what you hear? Don't miss a moment—subscribe to The JB and Sandy Show, leave us a review, and share this episode with friends who appreciate Austin's quirks and travel tales. Your support helps us keep the stories coming!

Today on the Vegan Hacks Podcast, we're joined by Leonore, the certified vegan nutritionist and creator of Itadakihealthy,  a coaching and content hub dedicated to helping people thrive on a plant-based diet in Japan. Originally from Germany and now based in Tokyo for over a decade, Leonore shares her journey of building a vibrant vegan community in a country known for its culinary traditions. We talk about how she helps clients find balance, stay healthy, and enjoy plant-based living in Japan's sometimes challenging food landscape.Whether you're vegan in Japan, dreaming of visiting, or just love hearing about global plant-based culture, this episode is packed with insight, inspiration, and practical tips from one of Japan's most trusted vegan voices.Follow on IG:  @itadakihealthyhttps://www.itadakihealthy.com/Send us a text

木曜日は、ライムスター宇多丸＆TBS熊崎風斗アナ。 今週末、Blue Note Tokyoにて行われる「King of Stage at Blue Note Tokyo 2025」について話しました。 宇多丸が考える他のステージとは異なる「Blue Note Tokyo」の特徴とは？ 一方、年末に向けて、ラストスパートの熊崎アナ！ 宮城県で行われる女子駅伝では、熊による影響など、思いもしなかった対策に追われているとのこと。 そして、来週月曜日に、ゲストとして出演する 「『スペシャルウィーク』とは何だったのか？特集」のお知らせ！ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On a cold November evening in 1986, a Japan Airlines cargo flight became the center of one of the most credible and mysterious UFO encounters ever recorded. In this episode, we dive into the strange and chilling story of Japan Airlines Flight 1628, a routine journey that turned into a 30-minute chase across the skies of Alaska.At the controls that night was Captain Kenju Terauchi, a seasoned pilot and former fighter aviator with nearly three decades of experience. Alongside him were his co-pilot, Takanori Tamefuji, and flight engineer Yoshio Tsukuba. Their mission was simple: fly from Paris to Tokyo, with a stop in Anchorage. Everything was calm until 5:11 p.m., when the captain spotted two bright lights about thirty degrees to the left and slightly below their Boeing 747.The lights didn't behave like normal aircraft. They mirrored the plane's speed and direction perfectly. For several minutes, the crew watched as the lights danced alongside them, until they suddenly darted forward and stopped just outside the cockpit windows. The cabin filled with a warm amber glow. The captain described feeling the “heat of the light” on his face and seeing two square-shaped objects about fifty meters across, each with rows of bright circular lights.When the co-pilot called Anchorage Air Traffic Control to ask about nearby traffic, controllers reported nothing in the area. Yet the crew insisted they were seeing two objects less than a mile away. Their radio began to fill with static whenever the lights approached, a strange interference that made communication nearly impossible.Minutes later, the objects disappeare, but radar at Anchorage picked up something unusual trailing the Japanese flight. The military command center at NORAD's Regional Operations Command also confirmed radar returns that matched what the crew was reporting. At one point, the object appeared on three separate radar systems at once, yet none of them could identify what it was.As the plane neared Fairbanks, Alaska, Captain Terauchi saw something even large, a massive, dark shape hovering in the distance. He described it as a “gigantic spaceship,” nearly twice the size of an aircraft carrier. Terrified, he requested permission to change course. Air traffic control agreed, and the captain took sharp turns and dropped altitude, trying to get away. But the unidentified object seemed to follow, matching every move.When Anchorage offered to scramble military jets, the captain refused, fearing an escalation. Moments later, the object vanished from view. A nearby United Airlines flight and a military aircraft were redirected to confirm the sighting, but by the time they arrived, the sky was clear.The Japan Airlines cargo plane landed safely at 6:20 p.m. The incident became the subject of official FAA and military reports, totaling hundreds of pages of radar data and transcripts. Captain Terauchi was later reassigned to desk duty, though he stood by his account until retirement.To this day, the JAL1628 incident remains unexplained. Multiple radar detections, visual sightings by three experienced pilots, and maneuvers far beyond known human technolo, all recorded in official document, make it one of aviation's most enduring mysteries. https://www.pastliveshypnosis.co.uk/https://www.patreon.com/alienufopodcastMy book 'Verified Near Death Exeriences' https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DXKRGDFP Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With over 40 years of managing some of the top names in wine (Opus One, Mondavi, Baron Philippe de Rothschild), David Pearson, President of Joseph Phelps, has developed a distinct point of view on how to build a globally iconic brand. Ultimately, it comes down to relationships and the effort required to maintain them. From focus and prioritization to spending upwards of 65% of time on the road, David hopes more wineries will follow in his footsteps to build the category of Napa and American wines globally. Detailed Show Notes: David's background: started as a winemaker (Europe, SoCal), sensory evaluation for Hublein (now Diageo), post-MBA marketing job with Baron Philippe de Rothschild, Mondavi in France (see Mondovino movie), managed Byron, then CEO of Opus One, now President of Joseph PhelpsThe goal is to create personal relationships and care about mutual success and partnership with accounts“Focus is the hard part” - at Opus, initially London, Hong Kong, Japan; then emerging markets, Mainland China, Dubai; Phelps also prioritized KoreaSingapore distributor told him, “We'll see you in 5 years, the French come every year.”Track people who buy wine and meet w/ them - 80/20 rule, focus on the top 20% of trade accountsAfter the top 20%, do second tier of accounts, then collectorsTravelled ~65% at Opus OneBudgets ~20-30% of marketing expenses for building relationshipsOpus One 1st 10 years - went to Asia, Canada, Europe every year, then put someone in Tokyo and Hong KongSends ~400-500 handwritten holiday cards to partners with specifics about their last visitTravel team includes a winemaker if they like it and are good at communicating, and a marketing team to better understand the marketPlease don't make it feel anonymous, but give the meetings and message personalityAt Phelps, focused on Insignia and current vintage, show older wines to show aging potentialThe goal is to expand export to ~30-40% in 10 years vs. 12-13% of Insignia todayBrands need to think deeper about what's unique and also where they are goingGet alignment between the story, the wine in the market, and where you're goingThe winery owner had three objections to export: sell all the wine to US customers, don't want to take any away from them don't know who to sell to don't want to spend the time and money to go thereLarger volume wines have different commercial relationships, same elements (knowing your partners, need to build), but margins tend to get squeezedBelieves that if the category is successful (e.g., Napa), everyone will be more successfulNegociants (La Place) respond to existing market demand well and are efficient distributors, but it is not in their DNA to build brandsPhelps uses the LVMH distribution network to build the brand and deliver directly to the core accountsMeasures quality of relationships w/ initial feeling, but then seeing the wines go to the market, need to see forward momentumTracks Liv-ex pricing a lot, seen upticks in InsigniaOther marketing elements: relationships happen over multiple channels now, need to do more social media, and be part of the discussionThe pricing goal is to have trade and consumer connect the innate value of the wine to the priceThe current neo-prohibitionist environment recalls the 80s and the “Mondavi defense” of wine as a potential solution Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Teruko Neriki shares her mission of educating the nation of Japan about Bitcoin. $ BTC 103,750 Block Height 922,194 Today's guest on the show is Teruko Neriki, who joins me to discuss why she felt compelled to take action to educate people in Japan about Bitcoin. Why did she choose to start translating the Bitcoin Standard by Saifedean Ammous, and how many months did it take her to finish this task? What experiences in her fiat career led her to discover Bitcoin and quit everything she had been doing to launch herself headfirst into finding a role in the Bitcoin ecosystem? A huge thank you to Teruko for coming on the show and for all that she is doing for Bitcoin. Follow Teruko here; X - https://x.com/TerukoNeriki NOSTR - npub19x0h8jm3mnwzhv4tpq62zta05er0qlyge73m0pwsp7h666khkd9qev2ree Get to BTC Japan and use code BITTEN for a discount. BTC JAPAN - TPKYO - 23rd - 24th November. https://btc-jpn.com/en USE CODE BITTEN - 10% Check out my book ‘Choose Life' - https://bitcoinbook.shop/search?q=prince ALL LINKS HERE - FOR DISCOUNTS AND OFFERS - https://vida.page/princey - https://linktr.ee/princey21m Pleb Service Announcements: Join 18 thousand Bitcoiners on @orangepillapp https://signup.theorangepillapp.com/opa/princey Support the pod via @fountain_app -https://fountain.fm/show/2oJTnUm5VKs3xmSVdf5n The Once Bitten YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Princey21m The Bitcoin And Show: https://www.bitcoinandshow.com/ https://fountain.fm/show/eK5XaSb3UaLRavU3lYrI Shills and Mench's: CONFERENCES 2025: BITFEST - MANCHESTER - ENGLAND - 21st - 23rd November 2025. https://bitfest.uk/ - USE CODE BITTEN - 10% PAY WITH FLASH. Accept Bitcoin on your website or platform with no-code and low-code integrations. https://paywithflash.com/ RELAI - STACK SATS - www.relai.me/Bitten Use Code BITTEN SWAN BITCOIN - www.swan.com/bitten BITBOX - SELF CUSTODY YOUR BITCOIN - www.bitbox.swiss/bitten Use Code BITTEN PLEBEIAN MARKET - BUY AND SELL STUFF FOR SATS; https://plebeian.market/ @PlebeianMarket ZAPRITE - https://zaprite.com/bitten - Invoicing and accounting for Bitcoiners - Save $40 KONSENSUS NETWORK - Buy bitcoin books in different languages. Use code BITTEN for 10% discount - https://bitcoinbook.shop?ref=bitten SEEDOR STEEL PLATE BACK-UP - @seedor_io use the code BITTEN for a 5% discount. www.seedor.io/BITTEN SATSBACK - Shop online and earn back sats! https://satsback.com/register/5AxjyPRZV8PNJGlM HEATBIT - Home Bitcoin mining - https://www.heatbit.com/?ref=DANIELPRINCE - Use code BITTEN. CRYPTOTAG STEEL PLATE BACK-UP https://cryptotag.io - USE CODE BITTEN for 10% discount. AI Summary. In this episode of the Once Bitten podcast, Daniel Prince interviews Teruko, a key organizer for BTC Japan and a translator of the Bitcoin Standard, about her work in promoting Bitcoin adoption in Japan, her involvement with Folga Ventures, and ANAP, a Japanese clothing brand integrating Bitcoin into its business model. Key Topics: Bitcoin Standard translation Folga Ventures ANAP business model Bitcoin conferences Tokyo Bitcoin Base Summary: In this episode of the Once Bitten podcast, Daniel Prince interviews Teruko, a key organizer for BTC Japan and a translator of the Bitcoin Standard. Teruko recounts her entry into Bitcoin in 2017, initially driven by a market crash following her purchase, leading her to research and discover the transformative potential of Bitcoin through resources like Vijay Boyapati's "The Bullish Case for Bitcoin" and Saifedean Ammous's "The Bitcoin Standard." Teruko shares the story of translating "The Bitcoin Standard" into Japanese, a task initiated by Wids, who saw the book's potential impact on Japan. Despite lacking prior translation experience, Teruko undertook the project, dedicating significant time daily for six months. She faced challenges in accurately conveying Austrian economics terminology and cross-referencing footnotes with Japanese translations, often requiring visits to Japan's largest library. She also spoke about working with Safeadean, and having to exclude the part about transgenderism from the book, as it would be poorly received in Japanese society. Teruko discusses her work with Folga Ventures Japan, a venture capital firm investing exclusively in Bitcoin projects, with a focus on lightning technology, sidechains, and open-source projects. She highlights the challenge of finding Bitcoin companies in Japan and the importance of education to foster interest in Bitcoin and related businesses. Furthermore, Teruko elaborates on her involvement with ANAP, a Japanese clothing brand aiming to revive its business by integrating Bitcoin into its operations. ANAP is launching a new lifestyle brand inspired by Bitcoin's ethos, with subtle designs intended to pique customer curiosity about Bitcoin. The discussion shifts to the upcoming BTC Japan conference in Tokyo, organized by Teruko, emphasizing its aim to educate and provide hands-on Bitcoin experiences. The conference will feature speakers like Grant from the Bitcoin Policy Institute and Roger from "Will Mao Buy Bitcoin," along with Luke Dash Jr. and possibly Shinobi. Teruko also highlights the development of Tokyo Bitcoin Base, a co-working and co-living space aimed at creating a Bitcoin circular economy in Tokyo, including the acquisition of hotel properties to accommodate Bitcoin enthusiasts. Teruko emphasizes the importance of external influence in Japan's Bitcoin adoption, inviting individuals from Western countries to work at Tokyo Bitcoin Base and inspire local engagement with Bitcoin. She highlights efforts to legitimize Bitcoin within the neighborhood by hosting community-friendly events and educating residents about Bitcoin's potential. The episode concludes with a discussion on the need to approach Bitcoin in a sustainable way, especially in light of current distractions such as Bitcoin treasury companies and loan product offerings. Daniel encourages listeners to stack sats, take self-custody seriously, and draw inspiration from individuals like Teruko who are building and promoting Bitcoin adoption through education, conferences, and community engagement. He also promotes upcoming Bitcoin conferences like BitFest in Manchester and encourages listeners to check out resources and services for stacking sats and taking self-custody.

At the same time of Pooh's Magic Kingdom opening, he would be eyeing an international E-ticket ride in Tokyo and further global expansion to almost all of the Disney Parks!Watch us on YouTube: www.youtube.com/@makeitmagicalpodInstagram: @makeitmagicalpodSupport the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/MakeitmagicalpodSupport the show and Buy Us a Coffee: https://buymeacoffee.com/makeitmagicalUse our code MAGICALPOD20 for 20% on your next order at Park Hop TeesUse our code MAGICAL10 for 10% off your next order at Crowned AthleticsUse our code MAGICAL15 for 15% off your next order at Magic Candle CompanyGrab some Disney books from our Amazon StorefrontEmail us anytime at:  makeitmagicalpod@gmail.com

Four-time Olympian and Olympic champion Chad Le Clos sits down with Katie in Carmel ahead of World Cup Stop 1 to talk comeback from injury, the real story behind his rivalry era with Phelps, and how a brutal stretch around Tokyo pushed him to address mental health and rebuild purpose. He opens up about family, legacy, and a new project he's launching beyond LA—plus some rapid-fire fun.-----Subscribe to the show on your favorite podcast platform, and follow us on social media (https://linktr.ee/unfilteredwaters) for clips, bonus content, and updates throughout the week.-----FOLLOW KATIE ON:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kthoff7/-----FOLLOW MISSY ON:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/missyfranklin88/-----SUPPORT OUR SPONSORSIM8health.com/discount/unfiltered for 10% offdreamrecovery.io use code UNFILTEREDTHIRTY for 30% off-----#UnfilteredWaters #Swimming #ChadleClos

Send us a textThousands of years before modern science emerged, the ancient science of Ayurveda propagated this prescient knowledge of the body's cellular anatomy, its recalibration and maintenance as the imperative to maintaining excellent health. In Ayurveda, the principle of autophagy is only one core part of a greater plethora of cellular function of the cellular anatomy, which in Sanskrit is referred to Śarīra Paramānus/Anu Srotāmsi, a vast invisible network of living units of the body analogous to modern cells. Today, science is progressively proving what the ancient rishis knew. Thanks to Yoshinori Oshumi cellular recycling now has a modern scientific name. Ohsumi, a brilliant biologist in Tokyo won the Nobel Prize in 2016 for “discovering” autophagy” the process where cells break down and recycle their own damaged components to survive and stay healthy. Ohsumi's work and findings are outstanding, and open the door to greater scientific knowledge of the cellular anatomy. Autophagy is a natural function of cell recycling, the process in which cells degrade and  recycle cellular components by breaking down and reusing damaged or unnecessary components within a cell. Autophagy is essential for a cell to function and to manifest the energy that it needs. Fully functional cells help us survive during periods of physical, emotional and spiritual stress. It can destroy pathogens like viruses and bacteria that have entered a cell. Cells are the basic building blocks of every tissue and organ in your body. Each cell contains multiple parts that keep it functioning. Over time, these parts can become defective or stop working. By deconstructing old parts of their cells they don't need, cells can recreate these junky bits into functioning cells they need to survive. Support the showMay Peace Be Your Journey~www.mayatiwari.comwww.facebook.com/mayatiwariahimsa.Buzzsprout.com Get Maya's New Book: I Am Shakti: https://www.collectiveinkbooks.com/o-books/our-books/I-am-shakti Amazon.com Bookshop.org

Hans talks with Paul Levy about the case of Pool World vs Prepared Food Photos; A WIGOH for the broken hearted; Tokyo!–Become a Never Post member at https://www.neverpo.st/ for access to extended and bonus segments, and our side shows like “Slow Post”, “Posts from the Field” and “Never Watch”– Call us at 651 615 5007 to leave a voicemail Drop us a voice memo via airtable Or email us at theneverpost at gmail dot com –It's the Radiotopia Fundraiser! Click here to donate to all your faves!Intro Links Polidashboard.org No degree, no discussion? China tightens the grip on influencers Not Verified? Not Welcome. China's Influencer Policy Sends a Message Paid Armies of 'Clippers' Boost Internet Stars Like MrBeast Australia sues Microsoft for misleading M365 users about Copilot subscription options Internet Pricing Is About to Get a Lot Less Transparent Making Trolls Pay Their Own Tolls Paul at Public Citizen Paul's Blog Paul Levy, the Web Bully's Worst Enemy Pool World The Complaint and letter WiGOH“i don't even know how to process this #cheater  #toxic  #betrayl”–Never Post's producers are Audrey Evans, Georgia Hampton and The Mysterious Dr. Firstname Lastname. Our senior producer is Hans Buetow. Our executive producer is Jason Oberholtzer. The show's host is Mike Rugnetta.Never Post is a production of Charts & Leisure and is distributed by Radiotopia

Benno and JP return for a Wednesday Spotlight as they talk Benno's trip to Tokyo and everything he missed from the last couple of weeks with a catch up on AEW and all the fallout from WrestleDream and build to Blood and Guts and Full Gear. They also catch up on New Japan and the card for WrestleKingdom, as well as WWE's Saturday Night's Main Event, CM Punk's world title win and more.SHOWNOTES0:00 Intro4:23 Benno in Tokyo30:35 Plugs, November Schedule37:28 AEW, WrestleDream follow-up, Full Gear1:10:15 NJPW, WrestleKingdom card1:28:48 WWE, SNME, CM PunkGRAPPL Spotlight is produced with support from our Patrons and YouTube members, with special thanks to Patreon Kings and Queen Of The Mountain - Conor O'Loughlin, Eddie Sideburns, Chris Platt, Carl Gac, Sophia Hitchcock, Simon Mulvaney & Marty Ellis!https://www.youtube.com/live/YaWnCr7P3Oc?si=YgZkJ6mEWX_Ck8zc Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, it's just Rose and Crystal — and the tables are turned. Before we grill more guests about their cookbook journeys, we put each other in the hot seat. The conversation runs from Ben Mims' Crumbs to Caroline Eden's Black Sea, from Ina Garten and Cedric Grolet to NOMA and Mr. Burns: A Post-Electric Play. It's part love letter, part confession, and all obsession — about the cookbooks that shaped us, haunted us, and made Rose want to write her own. Mentioned in this Episode:Ben Mims, “Crumbs: Cookies and Sweets from Around the World”Hailee Catalano, “By Heart: Recipes to Hold Near and Dear”Caroline Eden, “Black Sea: Dispatches and Recipes - Through Darkness and Light”Gabrielle Hamilton, “Prune: A Cookbook”Ina Garten, “Barefoot in Paris: Easy French Food You Can Make at Home”Rose Carrarini, “Breakfast, Lunch, Tea: The Many Little Meals of Rose Bakery”Cook's IllustratedChristoper Kimball, The Milk Street CookbookCedric Grolet, “Fruit”William Goldfarb, “Room for Dessert”NOMA booksIvan Orkin, “Ivan Ramen: Love, Obsession, and Recipes from Tokyo's Most Unlikely Noodle Joint”Luisa Weiss, “Classic German Baking: The Very Best Recipes for Traditional Favorites, from Pfeffernüsse to Streuselkuchen”Greg Malouf and Lucy Malouf, “SUQAR: Desserts and Sweets from the Modern Middle East”Rebekah Peppler, “Le Sud: Recipes from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur”Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric PlayLisa Donovan, “Our Lady of Perpetual Hunger: A Memoir”Justine Doiron, “Justine Cooks: A Cookbook: Recipes (Mostly Plants) for Finding Your Way in the Kitchen”Kitchen Tape is hosted by Rose Wilde ⁠@trosewilde⁠ and Crystal Slonecker ⁠@crystalslonecker⁠, edited by Dressler Parsons  ⁠@dresslerparsons⁠ of The Regenerative Baking Podcast, with original theme music by Dan Crabtree.Follow us on Instagram ⁠@kitchentapepodcast⁠ and hit like and subscribe to stay up to date on new episodes and behind-the-scenes crumbs.

Robert S. McNamara, who was Secretary of Defense during JFK and LBJ’s administrations, and one of the chief architects of the Vietnam war, made a shocking confession in his 1995 memoir. He said “We were wrong, terribly wrong.” McNamara believed this as early as 1965, that the Vietnam War was unwinnable. Yet, instead of urging U.S. forces to exit, he continued to preside over the war as President Lyndon B. Johnson’s principal wartime advisor. It would be eight more years until the United States officially withdrew from Vietnam. By then, 58,000 Americans and millions of Vietnamese had lost their lives. Why did McNamara fight so hard to escalate a war that he’d soon realize was beyond winning? Why was he so loyal to LBJ, whom he’d later describe as “crude, mean, vindictive, scheming, and untruthful”? While these questions are personal, the answers are vital to our understanding of the Vietnam War and American foreign policy at large. Today’s guest is Philip Taubman, author of “McNamara Wat War: A New History.” We look at McNamara’s early life and how he epitomized the 20th-century technocratic 'whiz kid' through his Harvard-honed data analysis skills, which he applied to optimize the firebombing of Tokyo during WWII and later revolutionized Ford Motor Company as president, using statistical efficiency to drive innovation. His technocratic approach shaped U.S. strategy during the Cuban Missile Crisis and Vietnam War, where he relied on data-driven decision-making, though with mixed results, notably escalating Vietnam based on flawed metrics like body counts. We look at how ultimately, McNamara’s war was not only in Vietnam. He was also at war with himself—riven by melancholy, guilt, zealous loyalty, and a profound inability to admit his flawed thinking about Vietnam before it was too late.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A world-cinema fixture who's earned the support of Martin Scorsese, M. Night Shyamalan, Olivier Assayas, Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Béla Tarr, Claire Denis, Christian Petzold, Tilda Swinton, and Ryusuke Hamaguchi––among many others––Carlo Chatrian reshaped the festival landscape with his work as artistic director of the Locarno Film Festival and Berlinale, his influence such that an abdication of his position at the latter in 2023 caused an honest-to-God outcry. He is now serving as director of the National Cinema Museum in Turin and, for the last couple weeks, also acted as head of the international competition jury at the Tokyo International Film Festival. While we were both there, I sought the opportunity to ask him about these responsibilities, and found myself engaged in a rigorous serious conversation about where he sees cinema culture at the moment, where it might be headed, and––amidst all this––reasons to be hopeful.

Last time we spoke about the fall of Wuhan. In a country frayed by war, the Yangtze became a pulsing artery, carrying both hunger and hope. Chiang Kai-shek faced a brutal choice: defend Wuhan to the last man, or flood the rivers to buy time. He chose both, setting sullen floodwaters loose along the Yellow River to slow the invaders, a temporary mercy that spared some lives while ripping many from their homes. On the river's banks, a plethora of Chinese forces struggled to unite. The NRA, fractured into rival zones, clung to lines with stubborn grit as Japanese forces poured through Anqing, Jiujiang, and beyond, turning the Yangtze into a deadly corridor. Madang's fortifications withstood bombardment and gas, yet the price was paid in troops and civilians drowned or displaced. Commanders like Xue Yue wrestled stubbornly for every foothold, every bend in the river. The Battle of Wanjialing became a symbol: a desperate, months-long pincer where Chinese divisions finally tightened their cordon and halted the enemy's flow. By autumn, the Japanese pressed onward to seize Tianjiazhen and cut supply lines, while Guangzhou fell to a ruthless blockade. The Fall of Wuhan loomed inevitable, yet the story remained one of fierce endurance against overwhelming odds.   #174 The Changsha Fire Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the summer of 1938, amid the upheaval surrounding Chiang Kai-shek, one of his most important alliances came to an end. On June 22, all German advisers to the Nationalist government were summoned back; any who refused would be deemed guilty of high treason. Since World War I, a peculiar bond had tied the German Weimar Republic and China: two fledgling states, both weak and only partially sovereign. Under the Versailles Treaty of 1919, Germany had lost extraterritorial rights on Chinese soil, which paradoxically allowed Berlin to engage with China as an equal partner rather than a traditional colonizer. This made German interests more welcome in business and politics than those of other Western powers. Chiang's military reorganization depended on German officers such as von Seeckt and von Falkenhausen, and Hitler's rise in 1933 had not immediately severed the connection between the two countries. Chiang did not share Nazi ideology with Germany, but he viewed Berlin as a potential ally and pressed to persuade it to side with China rather than Japan as China's principal East Asian, anti-Communist partner. In June 1937, H. H. Kung led a delegation to Berlin, met Hitler, and argued for an alliance with China. Yet the outbreak of war and the Nationalists' retreat to Wuhan convinced Hitler's government to align with Japan, resulting in the recall of all German advisers. Chiang responded with a speech praising von Falkenhausen, insisting that "our friend's enemy is our enemy too," and lauding the German Army's loyalty and ethics as a model for the Chinese forces. He added, "After we have won the War of Resistance, I believe you'll want to come back to the Far East and advise our country again." Von Falkenhausen would later become the governor of Nazi-occupied Belgium, then be lauded after the war for secretly saving many Jewish lives. As the Germans departed, the roof of the train transporting them bore a prominent German flag with a swastika, a prudent precaution given Wuhan's vulnerability to air bombardment. The Japanese were tightening their grip on the city, even as Chinese forces, numbering around 800,000, made a stubborn stand. The Yellow River floods blocked northern access, so the Japanese chose to advance via the Yangtze, aided by roughly nine divisions and the might of the Imperial Navy. The Chinese fought bravely, but their defenses could not withstand the superior technology of the Japanese fleet. The only substantial external aid came from Soviet pilots flying aircraft bought from the USSR as part of Stalin's effort to keep China in the war; between 1938 and 1940, some 2,000 pilots offered their services. From June 24 to 27, Japanese bombers relentlessly pounded the Madang fortress along the Yangtze until it fell. A month later, on July 26, Chinese defenders abandoned Jiujiang, southeast of Wuhan, and its civilian population endured a wave of atrocities at the hands of the invaders. News of Jiujiang's fate stiffened resolve. Chiang delivered a pointed address to his troops on July 31, arguing that Wuhan's defense was essential and that losing the city would split the country into hostile halves, complicating logistics and movement. He warned that Wuhan's defense would also be a spiritual test: "the place has deep revolutionary ties," and public sympathy for China's plight was growing as Japanese atrocities became known. Yet Chiang worried about the behavior of Chinese soldiers. He condemned looting as a suicidal act that would destroy the citizens' trust in the military. Commanders, he warned, must stay at their posts; the memory of the Madang debacle underscored the consequences of cowardice. Unlike Shanghai, Wuhan had shelters, but he cautioned against retreating into them and leaving soldiers exposed. Officers who failed in loyalty could expect no support in return. This pep talk, combined with the belief that the army was making a last stand, may have slowed the Japanese advance along the Yangtze in August. Under General Xue Yue, about 100,000 Chinese troops pushed back the invaders at Huangmei. At Tianjiazhen, thousands fought until the end of September, with poison gas finally forcing Japanese victory. Yet even then, Chinese generals struggled to coordinate. In Xinyang, Li Zongren's Guangxi troops were exhausted; they expected relief from Hu Zongnan's forces, but Hu instead withdrew, allowing Japan to capture the city without a fight. The fall of Xinyang enabled Japanese control of the Ping-Han railway, signaling Wuhan's doom. Chiang again spoke to Wuhan's defenders, balancing encouragement with a grim realism about possible loss. Although Wuhan's international connections were substantial, foreign aid would be unlikely. If evacuation became necessary, the army should have a clear plan, including designated routes. He recalled the disastrous December retreat from Nanjing, where "foreigners and Chinese alike turned it into an empty city." Troops had been tired and outnumbered; Chiang defended the decision to defend Nanjing, insisting the army had sacrificed itself for the capital and Sun Yat-sen's tomb. Were the army to retreat again, he warned, it would be the greatest shame in five thousand years of Chinese history. The loss of Madang was another humiliation. By defending Wuhan, he argued, China could avenge its fallen comrades and cleanse its conscience; otherwise, it could not honor its martyrs. Mao Zedong, observing the situation from his far-off base at Yan'an, agreed strongly that Chiang should not defend Wuhan to the death. He warned in mid-October that if Wuhan could not be defended, the war's trajectory would shift, potentially strengthening the Nationalists–Communists cooperation, deepening popular mobilization, and expanding guerrilla warfare. The defense of Wuhan, Mao argued, should drain the enemy and buy time to advance the broader struggle, not become a doomed stalemate. In a protracted war, some strongholds might be abandoned temporarily to sustain the longer fight. The Japanese Army captured Wuchang and Hankou on 26 October and captured Hanyang on the 27th, which concluded the campaign in Wuhan. The battle had lasted four and a half months and ended with the Nationalist army's voluntary withdrawal. In the battle itself, the Japanese army captured Wuhan's three towns and held the heartland of China, achieving a tactical victory. Yet strategically, Japan failed to meet its objectives. Imperial Headquarters believed that "capturing Hankou and Guangzhou would allow them to dominate China." Consequently, the Imperial Conference planned the Battle of Wuhan to seize Wuhan quickly and compel the Chinese government to surrender. It also decreed that "national forces should be concentrated to achieve the war objectives within a year and end the war against China." According to Yoshiaki Yoshimi and Seiya Matsuno, Hirohito authorized the use of chemical weapons against China by specific orders known as rinsanmei. During the Battle of Wuhan, Prince Kan'in Kotohito transmitted the emperor's orders to deploy toxic gas 375 times between August and October 1938. Another memorandum uncovered by Yoshimi indicates that Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni authorized the use of poison gas against the Chinese on 16 August 1938. A League of Nations resolution adopted on 14 May condemned the Imperial Japanese Army's use of toxic gas. Japan's heavy use of chemical weapons against China was driven by manpower shortages and China's lack of poison gas stockpiles to retaliate. Poison gas was employed at Hankou in the Battle of Wuhan to break Chinese resistance after conventional assaults had failed. Rana Mitter notes that, under General Xue Yue, approximately 100,000 Chinese troops halted Japanese advances at Huangmei, and at the fortress of Tianjiazhen, thousands fought until the end of September, with Japanese victory secured only through the use of poison gas. Chinese generals also struggled with coordination at Xinyang; Li Zongren's Guangxi troops were exhausted, and Hu Zongnan's forces, believed to be coming to relieve them, instead withdrew. Japan subsequently used poison gas against Chinese Muslim forces at the Battle of Wuyuan and the Battle of West Suiyuan. However, the Chinese government did not surrender with the loss of Wuhan and Guangzhou, nor did Japan's invasion end with Wuhan and Guangzhou's capture. After Wuhan fell, the government issued a reaffirmation: "Temporary changes of advance and retreat will not shake our resolve to resist the Japanese invasion," and "the gain or loss of any city will not affect the overall situation of the war." It pledged to "fight with even greater sorrow, greater perseverance, greater steadfastness, greater diligence, and greater courage," dedicating itself to a long, comprehensive war of resistance. In the Japanese-occupied rear areas, large armed anti-Japanese forces grew, and substantial tracts of territory were recovered. As the Japanese army themselves acknowledged, "the restoration of public security in the occupied areas was actually limited to a few kilometers on both sides of the main transportation lines." Thus, the Battle of Wuhan did not merely inflict a further strategic defeat on Japan; it also marked a turning point in Japan's strategic posture, from offense to defense. Due to the Nationalist Army's resolute resistance, Japan mobilized its largest force to date for the attack, about 250,000 personnel, who were replenished four to five times over the battle, for a total of roughly 300,000. The invaders held clear advantages in land, sea, and air power and fought for four and a half months. Yet they failed to annihilate the Nationalist main force, nor did they break the will to resist or the army's combat effectiveness. Instead, the campaign dealt a severe blow to the Japanese Army's vitality. Japanese-cited casualties totaled 4,506 dead and 17,380 wounded for the 11th Army; the 2nd Army suffered 2,300 killed in action, 7,600 wounded, and 900 died of disease. Including casualties across the navy and the air force, the overall toll was about 35,500. By contrast, the Nationalist Government Military Commission's General Staff Department, drawing on unit-level reports, calculated Japanese casualties at 256,000. The discrepancy between Japanese and Nationalist tallies illustrates the inflationary tendencies of each side's reporting. Following Wuhan, a weakened Japanese force confronted an extended front. Unable to mount large-scale strategic offensives, unlike Shanghai, Xuzhou, or Wuhan itself, the Japanese to a greater extent adopted a defensive posture. This transition shifted China's War of Resistance from a strategic defensive phase into a strategic stalemate, while the invaders found themselves caught in a protracted war—a development they most disliked. Consequently, Japan's invasion strategy pivoted: away from primary frontal offensives toward a greater reliance on political inducements with secondary military action, and toward diverting forces to "security" operations behind enemy lines rather than pushing decisive frontal campaigns. Japan, an island nation with limited strategic resources, depended heavily on imports. By the time of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japan's gold reserves,including reserves for issuing banknotes, amounted to only about 1.35 billion yen. In effect, Japan's currency reserves constrained the scale of the war from the outset. The country launched its aggression while seeking an early solution to the conflict. To sustain its war of aggression against China, the total value of military supplies imported from overseas in 1937 reached approximately 960 million yen. By June of the following year, for the Battle of Wuhan, even rifles used in training were recalled to outfit the expanding army. The sustained increase in troops also strained domestic labor, food, and energy supplies. By 1939, after Wuhan, Japan's military expenditure had climbed to about 6.156 billion yen, far exceeding national reserves. This stark reality exposed Japan's economic fragility and its inability to guarantee a steady supply of military materiel, increasing pressure on the leadership at the Central Command. The Chief of Staff and the Minister of War lamented the mismatch between outward strength and underlying weakness: "Outwardly strong but weak is a reflection of our country today, and this will not last long." In sum, the Wuhan campaign coincided with a decline in the organization, equipment, and combat effectiveness of the Japanese army compared with before the battle. This erosion of capability helped drive Japan to alter its political and military strategy, shifting toward a method of inflicting pressure on China and attempting to "use China to control China", that is, fighting in ways designed to sustain the broader war effort. Tragically a major element of Chiang Kai-shek's retreat strategy was the age-old "scorched earth" policy. In fact, China originated the phrase and the practice. Shanghai escaped the last-minute torching because of foreigners whose property rights were protected. But in Nanjing, the burning and destruction began with increasing zeal. What could not be moved inland, such as remaining rice stocks, oil in tanks, and other facilities, was to be blown up or devastated. Civilians were told to follow the army inland, to rebuild later behind the natural barrier of Sichuan terrain. Many urban residents complied, but the peasantry did not embrace the plan. The scorched-earth policy served as powerful propaganda for the occupying Japanese army and, even more so, for the Reds. Yet they could hardly have foreseen the propaganda that Changsha would soon supply them. In June, the Changsha Evacuation Guidance Office was established to coordinate land and water evacuation routes. By the end of October, Wuhan's three towns had fallen, and on November 10 the Japanese army captured Yueyang, turning Changsha into the next primary invasion target. Beginning on October 9, Japanese aircraft intensified from sporadic raids on Changsha to large-scale bombing. On October 27, the Changsha Municipal Government urgently evacuated all residents, exempting only able-bodied men, the elderly, the weak, women, and children. The baojia system was mobilized to go door-to-door, enforcing compliance. On November 7, Chiang Kai-shek convened a military meeting at Rongyuan Garden to review the war plan and finalize a "scorched earth war of resistance." Xu Quan, Chief of Staff of the Security Command, drafted the detailed implementation plan. On November 10, Shi Guoji, Chief of Staff of the Security Command, presided over a joint meeting of Changsha's party, government, military, police, and civilian organizations to devise a strategy. The Changsha Destruction Command was immediately established, bringing together district commanders and several arson squads. The command actively prepared arson equipment and stacked flammable materials along major traffic arteries. Chiang decided that the city of Changsha was vulnerable and either gave the impression or the direct order, honestly really depends on the source your reading, to burn the city to the ground to prevent it falling to the enemy. At 9:00 AM on November 12, Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Zhang Zhizhong: "One hour to arrive, Chairman Zhang, Changsha, confidential. If Changsha falls, the entire city must be burned. Please make thorough preparations in advance and do not delay." And here it seems a game of broken telephone sort of resulted in one of the worst fire disasters of all time. If your asking pro Chiang sources, the message was clearly, put up a defense, once thats fallen, burn the city down before the Japanese enter. Obviously this was to account for getting civilians out safely and so forth. If you read lets call it more modern CPP aligned sources, its the opposite. Chiang intentionally ordering the city to burn down as fast as possible, but in through my research, I think it was a colossal miscommunication. Regardless Zhongzheng Wen, Minister of the Interior, echoed the message. Simultaneously, Lin Wei, Deputy Director of Chiang Kai-shek's Secretariat, instructed Zhang Zhizhong by long-distance telephone: "If Changsha falls, the entire city must be burned." Zhang summoned Feng Ti, Commander of the Provincial Capital Garrison, and Xu Quan, Director of the Provincial Security Bureau, to outline arson procedures. He designated the Garrison Command to shoulder the preparations, with the Security Bureau assisting. At 4:00 PM, Zhang appointed Xu Kun, Commander of the Second Garrison Regiment, as chief commander of the arson operation, with Wang Weining, Captain of the Social Training Corps, and Xu Quan, Chief of Staff of the Garrison Command, as deputies. At 6:00 PM, the Garrison Command held an emergency meeting ordering all government agencies and organizations in the city to be ready for evacuation at any moment. By around 10:15 PM, all urban police posts had withdrawn. Around 2:00 AM (November 13), a false report circulated that "Japanese troops have reached Xinhe" . Firefighters stationed at various locations rushed out with kerosene-fueled devices, burning everything in sight, shops and houses alike. In an instant, Changsha became a sea of flames. The blaze raged for 72 hours. The Hunan Province Anti-Japanese War Loss Statistics, compiled by the Hunan Provincial Government Statistics Office of the Kuomintang, report that the fire inflicted economic losses of more than 1 billion yuan, a sum equivalent to about 1.7 trillion yuan after the victory in the war. This figure represented roughly 43% of Changsha's total economic value at the time. Regarding casualties, contemporary sources provide varying figures. A Xinhua Daily report from November 20, 1938 noted that authorities mobilized manpower to bury more than 600 bodies, though the total number of burned remains could not be precisely counted. A Central News Agency reporter on November 19 stated that in the Xiangyuan fire, more than 2,000 residents could not escape, and most of the bodies had already been buried. There are further claims that in the Changsha Fire, more than 20,000 residents were burned to death. In terms of displacement, Changsha's population before the fire was about 300,000, and by November 12, 90% had been evacuated. After the fire, authorities registered 124,000 victims, including 815 orphans sheltered in Lito and Maosgang.  Building damage constituted the other major dimension of the catastrophe, with the greatest losses occurring to residential houses, shops, schools, factories, government offices, banks, hospitals, newspaper offices, warehouses, and cultural and entertainment venues, as well as numerous historic buildings such as palaces, temples, private gardens, and the former residences of notable figures; among these, residential and commercial structures suffered the most, followed by factories and schools. Inspector Gao Yihan, who conducted a post-fire investigation, observed that the prosperous areas within Changsha's ring road, including Nanzheng Street and Bajiaoting, were almost completely destroyed, and in other major markets only a handful of shops remained, leading to an overall estimate that surviving or stalemated houses were likely less than 20%. Housing and street data from the early post-liberation period reveal that Changsha had more than 1,100 streets and alleys; of these, more than 690 were completely burned and more than 330 had fewer than five surviving houses, accounting for about 29%, with nearly 90% of the city's streets severely damaged. More than 440 streets were not completely destroyed, but among these, over 190 had only one or two houses remaining and over 130 had only three or four houses remaining; about 60 streets, roughly 6% had 30 to 40 surviving houses, around 30 streets, 3% had 11 to 20 houses, 10 streets, 1% had 21 to 30 houses, and three streets ) had more than 30 houses remaining. Housing statistics from 1952 show that 2,538 houses survived the fire, about 6.57% of the city's total housing stock, with private houses totaling 305,800 square meters and public houses 537,900 square meters. By 1956, the surviving area of both private and public housing totaled 843,700 square meters, roughly 12.3% of the city's total housing area at that time. Alongside these losses, all equipment, materials, funds, goods, books, archives, antiques, and cultural relics that had not been moved were also destroyed.  At the time of the Changsha Fire, Zhou Enlai, then Deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Nationalist Government's Military Commission, was in Changsha alongside Ye Jianying, Guo Moruo, and others. On November 12, 1938, Zhou Enlai attended a meeting held by Changsha cultural groups at Changsha Normal School to commemorate Sun Yat-sen's 72nd birthday. Guo Moruo later recalled that Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying were awakened by the blaze that night; they each carried a suitcase and evacuated to Xiangtan, with Zhou reportedly displaying considerable indignation at the sudden, unprovoked fire. On the 16th, Zhou Enlai rushed back to Changsha and, together with Chen Cheng, Zhang Zhizhong, and others, inspected the disaster. He mobilized personnel from three departments, with Tian Han and Guo Moruo at the forefront, to form the Changsha Fire Aftermath Task Force, which began debris clearance, care for the injured, and the establishment of soup kitchens. A few days later, on the 22nd, the Hunan Provincial Government established the Changsha Fire Temporary Relief Committee to coordinate relief efforts.  On the night of November 16, 1938, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Changsha and, the next day, ascended Tianxin Pavilion. Sha Wei, head of the Cultural Relics Section of the Changsha Tianxin Pavilion Park Management Office, and a long-time researcher of the pavilion, explained that documentation indicates Chiang Kai-shek, upon seeing the city largely reduced to scorched earth with little left intact, grew visibly angry. After descending from Tianxin Pavilion, Chiang immediately ordered the arrest of Changsha Garrison Commander Feng Ti, Changsha Police Chief Wen Chongfu, and Commander of the Second Garrison Regiment Xu Kun, and arranged a military trial with a two-day deadline. The interrogation began at 7:00 a.m. on November 18. Liang Xiaojin records that Xu Kun and Wen Chongfu insisted their actions followed orders from the Security Command, while Feng Ti admitted negligence and violations of procedure, calling his acts unforgivable. The trial found Feng Ti to be the principal offender, with Wen Chongfu and Xu Kun as accomplices, and sentenced all three to prison terms of varying lengths. The verdict was sent to Chiang Kai-shek for approval, who was deeply dissatisfied and personally annotated the drafts: he asserted that Feng Ti, as the city's security head, was negligent and must be shot immediately; Wen Chongfu, as police chief, disobeyed orders and fled, and must be shot immediately; Xu Kun, for neglect of duty, must be shot immediately. The court then altered the arson charge in the verdict to "insulting his duty and harming the people" in line with Chiang's instructions. Chiang Kai-shek, citing "failure to supervise personnel and precautions," dismissed Zhang from his post, though he remained in office to oversee aftermath operations. Zhang Zhizhong later recalled Chiang Kai-shek's response after addressing the Changsha fire: a pointed admission that the fundamental cause lay not with a single individual but with the collective leadership's mistakes, and that the error must be acknowledged as a collective failure. All eyes now shifted to the new center of resistance, Chongqing, the temporary capital. Chiang's "Free China" no longer meant the whole country; it now encompassed Sichuan, Hunan, and Henan, but not Jiangsu or Zhejiang. The eastern provinces were effectively lost, along with China's major customs revenues, the country's most fertile regions, and its most advanced infrastructure. The center of political gravity moved far to the west, into a country the Nationalists had never controlled, where everything was unfamiliar and unpredictable, from topography and dialects to diets. On the map, it might have seemed that Chiang still ruled much of China, but vast swaths of the north and northwest were sparsely populated; most of China's population lay in the east and south, where Nationalist control was either gone or held only precariously. The combined pressures of events and returning travelers were gradually shifting American attitudes toward the Japanese incident. Europe remained largely indifferent, with Hitler absorbing most attention, but the United States began to worry about developments in the Pacific. Roosevelt initiated a January 1939 appeal to raise a million dollars for Chinese civilians in distress, and the response quickly materialized. While the Chinese did not expect direct intervention, they hoped to deter further American economic cooperation with Japan and to halt Japan's purchases of scrap iron, oil, gasoline, shipping, and, above all, weapons from the United States. Public opinion in America was sufficiently stirred to sustain a campaign against silk stockings, a symbolic gesture of boycott that achieved limited effect; Japan nonetheless continued to procure strategic materials. Within this chorus, the left remained a persistent but often discordant ally to the Nationalists. The Institute of Pacific Relations, sympathetic to communist aims, urged America to act, pressuring policymakers and sounding alarms about China. Yet the party line remained firmly pro-Chiang Kai-shek: the Japanese advance seemed too rapid and threatening to the Reds' interests. Most oil and iron debates stalled; American businessmen resented British trade ties with Japan, and Britain refused to join any mutual cutoff, arguing that the Western powers were not at war with Japan. What occurred in China was still commonly referred to in Western diplomatic circles as "the Incident." Wang Jingwei's would make his final defection, yes in a long ass history of defections. Mr Wang Jingwei had been very busy traveling to Guangzhou, then Northwest to speak with Feng Yuxiang, many telegrams went back and forth. He returned to the Nationalist government showing his face to foreign presses and so forth. While other prominent rivals of Chiang, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, and others, rallied when they perceived Japan as a real threat; all did so except Wang Jingwei. Wang, who had long believed himself the natural heir to Sun Yat-sen and who had repeatedly sought to ascend to power, seemed willing to cooperate with Japan if it served his own aims. I will just say it, Wang Jingwei was a rat. He had always been a rat, never changed. Opinions on Chiang Kai-Shek vary, but I think almost everyone can agree Wang Jingwei was one of the worst characters of this time period. Now Wang Jingwei could not distinguish between allies and enemies and was prepared to accept help from whomever offered it, believing he could outmaneuver Tokyo when necessary. Friends in Shanghai and abroad whispered that it was not too late to influence events, arguing that the broader struggle was not merely China versus Japan but a clash between principled leaders and a tyrannical, self-serving clique, Western imperialism's apologists who needed Chiang removed. For a time Wang drifted within the Kuomintang, moving between Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, and Chongqing, maintaining discreet lines of communication with his confidants. The Japanese faced a governance problem typical of conquerors who possess conquered territory: how to rule effectively while continuing the war. They imagined Asia under Japanese-led leadership, an East Asia united by a shared Co-Prosperity Sphere but divided by traditional borders. To sustain this vision, they sought local leaders who could cooperate. The search yielded few viable options; would-be collaborators were soon assassinated, proved incompetent, or proved corrupt. The Japanese concluded it would require more time and education. In the end, Wang Jingwei emerged as a preferred figure. Chongqing, meanwhile, seemed surprised by Wang's ascent. He had moved west to Chengde, then to Kunming, attempted, and failed to win over Yunnan's warlords, and eventually proceeded to Hanoi in Indochina, arriving in Hong Kong by year's end. He sent Chiang Kai-shek a telegram suggesting acceptance of Konoe's terms for peace, which Chungking rejected. In time, Wang would establish his own Kuomintang faction in Shanghai, combining rigorous administration with pervasive secret-police activity characteristic of occupied regimes. By 1940, he would be formally installed as "Chairman of China." But that is a story for another episode.  In the north, the Japanese and the CCP were locked in an uneasy stalemate. Mao's army could make it impossible for the Japanese to hold deep countryside far from the railway lines that enabled mass troop movement into China's interior. Yet the Communists could not defeat the occupiers. In the dark days of October 1938—fifteen months after the war began—one constant remained. Observers (Chinese businessmen, British diplomats, Japanese generals) repeatedly predicted that each new disaster would signal the end of Chinese resistance and force a swift surrender, or at least a negotiated settlement in which the government would accept harsher terms from Tokyo. But even after defenders were expelled from Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan, despite the terrifying might Japan had brought to bear on Chinese resistance, and despite the invader's manpower, technology, and resources, China continued to fight. Yet it fought alone. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In a land shredded by war, Wuhan burned under brutal sieges, then Changsha followed, a cruel blaze born of orders and miscommunications. Leaders wrestled with retreat, scorched-earth vows, and moral debts as Japanese force and Chinese resilience clashed for months. Mao urged strategy over martyrdom, Wang Jingwei's scheming shadow loomed, and Chongqing rose as the westward beacon. Yet China endured, a stubborn flame refusing to surrender to the coming storm. The war stretched on, unfinished and unyielding.