Podcasts about british regulars

On May 21, 1775, the New England Army around Boston skirmishes with British Regulars over resources on Grape Island, in Boston Harbor. For more details, check out Episode 61 of the American Revolution Podcast: https://blog.amrevpodcast.com/2018/09/episode-061-battle-of-chelsea-creek.html Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's been about 250 years since British Regulars met Citizens of Concord, known as the Provincials at the Old North Bridge.  That confrontation began the...

During the First week of April, 1775, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress establishes rules and regulations for the army it planned to use in the coming fight with the British Regulars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PREVIEW: BUNKER HILL (BREED'S HILL): 1775: Author Patrick K. O'Donnell tells the important detail of who provided the gunpowder to the Colonial militias that made a stand against British Regulars? And the strange fate in history of the Revolution of Marbleheader Samuel R. Trevett. More this weekend. 1775 Bunker Hill

PREVIEW: BATTLE OF THE ASSUNPINK CREEK, AKA THE SECOND BATTLE OF TRENTON: 1777: Author Patrick K. O'Donnell, "The Indispensables," profiles the Second Battle of Trenton when first-rate British Regulars looked to destroy Washington and his army of volunteers. More this weekend. 1776 FIRST BATTLE OF TRENTON HESSIANS SURRENDER

British efforts to hold North Carolina lead to loyalist David Fanning kidnapping the patriot Governor Thomas Burke. New of the British surrender at Yorktown arrives with orders for British Regulars to evacuate to Charleston. Blog https://blog.AmRevPodcast.com includes a complete transcript, as well as pictures, and links related to this week's episode. Book Recommendation of the Week: Nothing But Blood and Slaughter: The Revolutionary War in the Carolinas, Vol 3, by Patrick O'Kelly Online Recommendation of the Week: The Narrative of Colonel David Fanning: https://archive.org/details/toryintherevolu00fannrich  Join American Revolution Podcast on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/AmRevPodcast Ask your American Revolution Podcast questions on Quora: https://amrevpod.quora.com Join the Facebook group, American Revolution Podcast: https://www.facebook.com/groups/132651894048271 Follow the podcast on Twitter @AmRevPodcast Join the podcast mail list: https://mailchi.mp/d3445a9cd244/american-revolution-podcast-by-michael-troy  ARP T-shirts and other merch: http://tee.pub/lic/AmRevPodcast Support this podcast on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AmRevPodcast or via PayPal http://paypal.me/AmRevPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Learn how American Militiamen got placed up front including their effectiveness in going up against British Regulars. Learn whom John Rutledge is and what he observed of militiamen. Discover what archaeologists determined per findings based upon where battle lines stood in proximity to British Encampment Site. Be surprised to learn if it was common for family relatives to serve side by side in the militia. Understand what Open Order refers to. Determine if it's fair to agree that Eutaw Springs Battle eventually got broken down into a series of smaller exchanges on both sides. Learn whether or not American Militia Forces held their ground in midst of impending British Bayonet Charge. Understand phrase/term known as Passage Of Lines. Discover what North Carolina Continentals lacked in midst of hand to hand combat, but how it got made up for when Maryland & Virginia Continental's took the field. Find out general status of British & Loyalist Troops after one hour into Eutaw Springs Battle. Determine if confusion itself had spread rapidly within British Army and whether American Forces pushed British Troops back towards their encampment grounds. Understand why British Major Henry Sheridan's New York Volunteers will go about playing a key part in the midst of chaos ensuing. Find out where most of the intense fighting has taken place in midst of British Retreat. Learn about General Greene's decision in having Cavalry & Infantrymen attack British Left Side including the outcome of events that proceeded. Determine whether or not American Troops Discipline & Morale had come apart as the battle itself went over 1 Hour Mark. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/support

Learn what the state of Britain's Regulars were like under Colonel Francis Smith's Command once arriving back to Concord. Discover about Meriam's Corner and how it would become a pivotal geographical area for fighting on April 19, 1775. Gain a good understanding of where Militia Forces came upon considering it was from multiple directions. Learn about Militia Officer, Major Loammi Baldwin and the nickname he gave for sharp turns along Meriam's Corner. Discover the return of Lexington Militia Captain John Parker & his Surviving Forces whom had fought earlier on April 19. Learn what happened to British Colonel Francis Smith as well as Major Pitcairn. Learn about Fiske's Hill including severe fighting which broke out from a personal stance between Regulars & Militiamen. Understanding the loss of breakdown in regaining control amongst British Officers. Learn where majority of British Regulars hailed from. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/support

Discover what average minuteman's philosophy was like when it came to fighting British Regulars. Understand differences between Individual versus Greater Common Effort. Learn about Concord's Leaders and how they assembled their militiamen. Learn who James Barrett is. Discover how British Regulars under General Gage's orders went about securing the areas for which they chose to defend. Learn when Paul Revere issued his first warning to people of Concord. Determine if actions at Concord would be similar to those from Lexington. Discover British Regulars reactions towards Militiamen's 101 Movements. Find out if British Forces faced struggles from within just before and after shots got fired. Learn why American Militia Forces fired low along with understanding what “Aim Small Miss Small” is all about. Learn what ensued at North Bridge including the impacts felt by both sides. Understand how an isolated atrocity can change one side's attitude towards the opposition. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/support

Find out whether General Gage's Regulars had a clue as to where they were going considering they had left Boston 5 Hours earlier. Determine if British Soldiers knew about Paul Revere and whether they were truly afraid of him. Discover what time British Regulars arrived into Lexington on April 19, 1775. Learn what Militiaman Captain John Parker did to keep his troops in line as British Forces weren't far away from them via Lexington Common Confines. Learn why British Marine Lieutenant Jesse Adair becomes important considering he was faced with split decision choice on where to navigate his forces. Find out if Lexington Militia were given advance warning to lay down their arms. Discover what Paul Revere himself was involved in doing at exact moment shots were fired. Dig deep into a proposed theory behind whom might have been the one which fired shots heard round the world. Learn what ensued on the battlefield after first shots were fired. Understand significance behind British Colonel Francis Smith. Learn how Captain Parker's Surviving Militia Forces responded in aftermath of Lexington Battle. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/support

Learn how Paul Revere proposed a plan involving preparations for the worst case scenario. Discover how British Regulars caught up with Paul Revere, Dr. Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes. Find out whether or not Revere himself was the only prisoner in British Hands including how British went about interrogating him. Learn about the fate of Paul Revere and other prisoners. Getting a better understanding of how much broader Courier/Dispatcher Network was between 4/18-4/19. Discover purpose behind Midnight Riders Mission. Learn about the individual rides of Revere, Dawes, & Prescott. Understand significance behind America's Intelligence Gathering System as it was one that originated from bottom and made its way to top, but at same time everyone benefited. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kirk-monroe/support

General Sir William Howe launched his campaign to capture Philadelphia in late July 1777, with an army of 16,500 British and Hessian soldiers aboard a 265-ship armada sailing from New York. Six difficult weeks later, Howe’s expedition landed near Elkton, Maryland, and moved north into Pennsylvania. Washington’s rebel army did all it could to harass Howe and fought and lost a major battle at Brandywine on September 11. Philadelphia fell to the British. On October 4, obscured by darkness and a heavy morning fog, Washington launched a surprise attack on the British garrison at Germantown. His early attack found initial success and drove the British legions before him. The recapture of the colonial capital seemed within Washington’s grasp until poor decisions by the American high command brought about a reversal of fortune and a clear British victory. Like Brandywine, however, the bloody fight at Germantown proved that Continental soldiers could stand toe-to-toe with British Regulars. Michael C. Harris is a graduate of the University of Mary Washington and the American Military University. He has worked for the National Park Service in Fredericksburg, Virginia, Fort Mott State Park in New Jersey, and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission at Brandywine Battlefield. He has conducted tours and staff rides of many east coast battlefields. Michael is certified in secondary education and currently teaches in the Philadelphia region. Description courtesy of Savas Beatie.

A company of British Regulars is squaring off against a small but determined group of colonial minutemen. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In honor of Patriots Day and the anniversary of Paul Revere’s famous ride, we are focusing on some of Paul Revere’s less famous rides this week. When Paul Revere set out to warn the Provincial Congress that the British Regulars were coming in April of 1775, it wasn’t his first gig as an express rider for the patriots. For almost three years, he had been carrying messages from the Boston Committee of Correspondence on horseback to patriots in New York, Philadelphia, New Hampshire, and beyond. It’s just that Henry Wadsworth Longfellow didn’t write poems about the other rides. Show notes: http://HUBhistory.com/076

Over the winter of 1769-70, locals in Boston make life as uncomfortable as possible for the British Regulars occupying the city.  Fights break out regularly.  The local courts would not punish locals and the army would not punish soldiers for fighting.  Street brawls become more frequent.  A mob chases customs informer Ebenezer Richardson into his house and threatens his life.  He fires into the crowd, killing a young boy.   A few weeks later, a British soldier on guard at the Customs House strikes a boy for being insolent.  A mob soon forms, threatening the soldier.  Another squad of soldiers attempts to rescue the guard, but soon finds itself surrounded.  The situation flies out of control and the soldiers fire on the crowd, killing five and wounding several others. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

Over the winter of 1769-70, locals in Boston make life as uncomfortable as possible for the British Regulars occupying the city.  Fights break out regularly.  The local courts would not punish locals and the army would not punish soldiers for fighting.  Street brawls become more frequent.  A mob chases customs informer Ebenezer Richardson into his house and threatens his life.  He fires into the crowd, killing a young boy.   A few weeks later, a British soldier on guard at the Customs House strikes a boy for being insolent.  A mob soon forms, threatening the soldier.  Another squad of soldiers attempts to rescue the guard, but soon finds itself surrounded.  The situation flies out of control and the soldiers fire on the crowd, killing five and wounding several others. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

During the winter of 1769-70, New Yorkers fight with British Regulars.  When New York failed to come up with sufficient money to quarter the soldiers, British Regulars destroy the Liberty Pole.  Isaac Sears, a leader in the local Sons of Liberty Chapter tries to make a citizen's arrest of several soldiers a few days later.  Both sides quickly escalate the event into a massive street brawl involving thousands of soldiers and civilians.  Dozens are wounded.  Both Sears and Alexandar McDougall who gets arrested for a pamphlet opposing a tax to pay for the quartering of Regulars in the city, see their profiles rise as leaders of the colonial resistance.  The Sons of Liberty build a new bigger liberty pole. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

During the winter of 1769-70, New Yorkers fight with British Regulars.  When New York failed to come up with sufficient money to quarter the soldiers, British Regulars destroy the Liberty Pole.  Isaac Sears, a leader in the local Sons of Liberty Chapter tries to make a citizen's arrest of several soldiers a few days later.  Both sides quickly escalate the event into a massive street brawl involving thousands of soldiers and civilians.  Dozens are wounded.  Both Sears and Alexandar McDougall who gets arrested for a pamphlet opposing a tax to pay for the quartering of Regulars in the city, see their profiles rise as leaders of the colonial resistance.  The Sons of Liberty build a new bigger liberty pole. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

In 1764, with Britain under a massive debt from the Seven Years War and with increased costs of maintaining its new colonies, the Grenville Ministry passes the Sugar Act to raise revenue from the colonists.  The Act itself actually cuts tariff rates, but also institutes enforcement measures to ensure the colonists cannot evade the taxes as easily as they did in the past.  Parliament also passes the Quartering Act, to make colonies pay for the quartering of British Regulars within their borders, whether they are there to protect the colonists or to enforce tariff and trade laws. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

In 1764, with Britain under a massive debt from the Seven Years War and with increased costs of maintaining its new colonies, the Grenville Ministry passes the Sugar Act to raise revenue from the colonists.  The Act itself actually cuts tariff rates, but also institutes enforcement measures to ensure the colonists cannot evade the taxes as easily as they did in the past.  Parliament also passes the Quartering Act, to make colonies pay for the quartering of British Regulars within their borders, whether they are there to protect the colonists or to enforce tariff and trade laws. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

Lord Dartmouth had put it plainly to Governor Thomas Gage, “the sovereignty of the king over the Colonies requires a full and absolute submission.” Still few in Parliament had perhaps seen it going like this when, in February of that year, they had declared the Colony in an open state of rebellion, and pledging English lives and property to putting it down. Now even with the re-enforcements of Lieutenant-General Hugh Percy arriving with a thousand fresh troops to aid the expedition of Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, the Patriots had refused to relent. They pushed forward without giving an inch to British Regulars as they inflicted heavy casualties on them. Once, where they had perhaps been able to be talked down, it had now gone too far. Shots had been fired, blood had been shed, and the war was upon them. It had to be dawning on Governor Gage, as he looked out late in the evening and saw the camp fires surrounding the city, that there would be no submission, there would be no obedience in the colonies except through military supremacy even as the Colonialists were perhaps realizing they had forfeited their own safety at Lexington and Concord that morning. Now the only safety they would be guaranteed would be in their own numbers and ranks, in their military preparations and their ability to band together as a cohesive force. Now headquartered in nearby Cambridge, by the morning of April 20th, 1775 almost 15,000 Colonials surrounded the city. Plain people from nearby towns and colonies, militiamen, tradesmen, farmers who would have otherwise been home planting their crops, were now arriving in droves. Though they would not be able to take the Harbor or contend with the might of the Royal Navy, they could control the ground. Under the loose command of Brigadier General William Heath, who had taken control in the final stages of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, they began, with military like efficiency, to form Siege lines, emphasizing a blockage along the two necks, Boston and Charlestown, leaving the Royal forces trapped on the Peninsulas without land access to the remainder of the colony. Even as Gage now planned his next move, fortifying along Charlestown and Boston Necks, General Artemas Ward, having received word that fighting had commenced, rose from his sickbed in Shrewsbury, where he had been laid up with bladder stones, took to his horse and rode thirty five miles to Cambridge. A Colonel in the French and Indian Wars, Ward had made powerful enemies speaking out against Parliament and British colonial policies. Sir Francis Bernard, the predecessor to Governor Thomas Hutchinson, had stripped Ward of his commission and voided the results of an election to the Colonial Assembly that would have seen Ward take a seat in it. Had Bernard been able to contend with the respect and popularity that Ward had the portly officer might have been erased from history, but he could not. When it became apparent that the situation in Boston was degenerating into war, his former Regiment resigned from service to the Crown and elected him their new Commander. Only a few months later the Massachusetts Assembly voted him Commander-in-Chief of the Colonies Militia. The task in front of Ward was not an easy or a simple one. He was, by virtue of his rank, not by any vested authority, the officer in charge, but, more than that, he commanded an army of volunteers, one that had enlisted only for a single battle rather than a long, drawn war. Criticized by some for failing to impose stricter rules on those troops, he was acutely aware of a situation that Samuel Adams would clearly state when he wrote, “Our soldiers will not be brought to obey any person of whom they do not themselves entertain a high opinion.” Writing to the Provincial Congress himself a few days later Ward would state, “My situation is such that if I have not enlisting orders immediately, I shall be left all alone. It is impossible to keep the men here expecting something to be done. I therefore pray that the plans [for the formation of an army] may be completed and handed to me this morning, and that you, gentlemen of the Congress, issue orders for the enlisting of the men." At that very moment he had a delicate balance he had to strike. Ultimately, despite his popularity, he would be replaced by General George Washington as New England tried to convince the remaining colonies that this was not their struggle alone, that this was a struggle for the liberty of all of the colonies united. It would ultimately his new Commander’s low opinion of him that would force him into retirement, and from anywhere but the more obscure places in early American history. In the meantime Ward had to keep the Siege together through whatever means he could. Yet his challenges, they perhaps seemed small compared to that which was facing his adversary across the Charles River. It was there that the Patriot Commander found his greatest strength. The truth was he benefitted from the ineptitude of Governor Gage, who miscalculated the situation and the Patriots more often than not. Even as Dr, Benjamin Church, a well-known Patriot, fed him information in the days following the Battle of Lexington and Concord, and the establishment of Rebel encampments, he seemed unable clearly assess the situation to properly put down the rebels who were now rising up against the Crown and his own authority. But he would not be alone for long. In just over a month Vice Admiral Samuel Graves would sail into the harbor with 4,500 fresh troops, and three new Generals, John Burgoyne, William Howe, and Henry Clinton. Within the course of another month he would be replaced entirely, recalled to London, and replaced by William Howe. Regardless, the pot had boiled over as the fire of Revolution was lit. The inevitable collision between the American Colonies and England, the most powerful Empire in the World, had occurred, and it was beginning to become apparent that nothing would ever be the same again….

Few knew the pressure that Sir Thomas Gage was under to put down the rebellious spirit that had swept through Massachusetts Colony. Sir Thomas Hutchinson, and Sir Francis Bernard, who had both aspired to the position of Governor had found that their ambition was ill-equipped for the task in front of them as the Colony always seemed to simmer right near the boiling point, ready, at a moment’s notice, to spill over into violence. Appointed Military Governor by the Board of Trade in 1774, Gage had but one task, to bring those colonists in line by reminding them that they were loyal British subjects by whatever means he deemed necessary. Married into an old American family that has immigrated when New York was still New Amsterdam, many had perhaps hoped that Gage, with his reputation as a fair minded individual, would be more sympathetic than his predecessor had been. He was not. He was there on the King’s business and he would do the Kings business. Now he had received word that the Americans were gathering and storing cannons and gunpowder. In the earliest hours of the morning on April 19th, 1775 British Redcoats gathered under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, with Major John Pitcairn to lead the advance party. Their orders from Gage were to set about in haste, under the cloak of the utmost secrecy and to march on Lexington to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock before turning to Concord to destroy any rebel weapons stores that they may find. As they began to cross the Charles River at Boston Neck, they were perhaps oblivious to the two lanterns that Robert Newman hung from the Steeple at the Old North Church. It was the warning sign of the Patriots, “One if by Land, Two if by Sea”, as the alarm was sounded. What they were becoming aware of though was the fact that the farmhouses along their march, they should have been in the quiet peace of the nights rest, yet they were not. The lights in the windows burned as a bustle of activity seemed to be occurring behind those closed doors. Spies near to the Governor had already shared Gage’s plans with Dr. Joseph Warren, one of the few rebels left in Boston, and Warren turned to William Dawes and Paul Revere to sound the alarm. Just ahead of the British troops they rode, first Revere to the North, slipping past the HMS Somerset docked in the harbor, followed a short time later by Dawes to the South, pounding on the doors of Patriots declaring that “The Regulars are coming out”. By the time Smith and Pitcairn reached Lexington at Sunrise, Colonel John Parker, a veteran of the French and Indian Wars, and his Minutemen were waiting, well-armed with rifles that had better aim and distance than the bayonet and muskets carried by the Red Coats. Three officers would ride in full gallop, Pitcairn, it is said, yelling, “Throw down your Arms ye Villains, ye Rebels. Why don’t ye lay down your arms?” Defiantly Parker would declare, “Stand your ground; don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here.” Suddenly a shot would fire, from where no one really knows. Though the full extent of the gravity of that shot perhaps wasn’t fully understood at that time it would become “The shot heard round the world.” Fighting would erupt at the British charged with their bayonet in hands. Parker’s cousin Jonas would be run through with a bayonet in front of his eyes. John Harrington, wounded, would drag himself home, only to die on the steps at his wife’s feet. As eight of Parker’s men lay dead, Colonel Smith had to realize the gravity of the situation. They had engaged in open hostilities with Colonists, now, regardless of who fired the first shots, they would ultimately need to justify that action to Gage upon their return. They needed to find the weapons stores. They would continue their march to Concord. Perhaps, with what happened at Lexington, they felt that the Patriots had received word and pulled back, or that word of their march had not travelled that far west because it was quiet when they had arrived, almost sleepy when they arrived. It wouldn’t last. Having pulled back to determine the next move Colonel James Barrett and his troops waited over the ridge as Smith and Pitcairn tore into the town. Under the tavern of Ephraim Jones they’d find three 24-pounder long guns. Having had word for some time of the plans of the British they had been buried there, but Loyalists in the town had tipped off the British as to their location, and now, at the edge of a bayonet, they forced Jones’ to reveal where on his premise they were placed. What they didn’t know was that as they searched the town fresh militiamen from Sudbury, Acton and other neighboring towns arrived to aid the small company of Patriots at Concord. With orders not to fire unless fired upon the Militia began their advance on the North Bridge at just before noon. Suddenly the worst fears of General Gage were coming to fruition as the Patriots rose up and charged against the Regulars. The British had no choice but to retreat as the withdrawal turned into a chaotic panic as they fled back to Boston. The American’s would not relent, they would fire upon them, even taking out Pitcairn’s horse, as they engaged in a different sort of fighting than the British Regulars were familiar with, combining marksmanship with Native cover-and-concealment strategy and ambush tactics. The neat lines the British were used to forming were no match for it. Though Smith would try to drive them off, he would find they wouldn’t be moved, inflicting heavy casualties on the British forces as they continued to rain down hell on then. Even the relief that must have been felt as they began to hear the familiar drum beat of re-enforcements was short lived. Worried he had sent too small of a force General Gage had dispatched Lieutenant General Hugh Percy and a thousand additional troops to the field a short time after Colonel Smith began his fateful advance. Now they were meeting as Smith was being chased from the field. Yet even the sight of fresh troops wouldn’t deter the Colonials as they pushed forward undaunted. Now under the command of Brigadier General William Heath they gave no relief as they pushed them back, refusing to give up even an inch of ground. In the end the British army was forced back to Boston and the war was upon them as Massachussets reached out in the struggle for liberty to slap back the long arm of the most powerful Empire in the world. By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone. Spirit, that made those heroes dare, To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee.

How did the colonists of Massachusetts go from public protests meant to shame government officials and destroy offending property, to armed conflict with British Regulars in Lexington and Concord? John Bell, the prolific blogger behind Boston1775.net and the author of The Road to Concord: How Four Stolen Cannon Ignited the Revolutionary War, leads us on an investigation of what brought colonists and redcoats to the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Show Notes: http://www.benfranklinsworld.com/129   Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Doing History series   Complementary Episodes Episode 039: Eric Nelson, The Royalist Revolution Episode 046: John Ferling, Whirlwind: The American Revolution & the War that Won It Episode 112: Mary Beth Norton, The Tea Crisis of 1773 Bonus: Stamp Act of 1765   Helpful Show Links Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Join the Ben Franklin's World Community Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App   *Books purchased through this link will help support the production of Ben Franklin's World.

あさって7/4はアメリカ合衆国独立記念日（Independence Day）。これにちなみ、７月第１週の今回は「ドラマで英語を学ぼう」として、アメリカ人に今も親しまれている詩をお届けします。 今回お届けする「ポール・リビアの騎行」（Paul Revere's Ride）は、アメリカの詩人ロングフェロー（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1807-1882）が1861年に発表した詩です。この詩に登場するポール・リビア（1735-1818）は日本ではあまり知られていませんが、アメリカでは建国の英雄として広く知られており、いわば「アメリカの坂本龍馬」のような人物でしょうか。 この詩はリビアの「真夜中の騎行」の物語を詠った詩です。独立戦争において彼が伝令として活躍した様子が描かれています。英詩独特の表現などもありますが、スクリプトと注を参考に、リビアの活躍を想像しながらストーリーを聞き取ってみましょう。 参考：Wikipedia（ポール・リビア） 今回お借りした素材 写真：Wikipedia BGM（The Fairest of the Fair）：Internet Archive BGM（Stars and Stripes Forever）：Internet Archive Download MP3 （15:31　9.4MB　初級～中級） Paul Revere's Ride Written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Key Words in Seventy-Five = In 1775 Hardly a man is now alive = almost no person… (Note: Indeed, since the poem was written in the early 1860s, almost everyone had already died.) aloft = high (Note: This has a poetic feeling. Check Internet for example sentences.) a belfry-arch = the arch window of a tower with a big bell at the top the North-Church-tower = a real place a Boston today Middlesex = a county (area) near Boston country-folk = people who live in the countryside, farmers to be up = to be awake to arm = to get rifles muffled = made quiet (Note: "a car muffler") an oar = オール to row = 漕ぐ Charleston = a town near Boston moorings = the ropes and chains which keep a ship safely anchored in one place the Somerset = an 18th century British battleship which had about 70 canons a man-of-war = a fancy way to say "a battleship" a phantom = something similar to a ghost a mast = a large sail a spar = a pole (used to support masts on a ship) a hulk = the body of a ship to be magnified = to appear larger than it actually is a reflection = 反映 a tide = 潮 an alley = a very narrow road in a city to wander = to walk around eager = excited, 熱心な the muster of (soldiers) = the gathering of (soldiers) (Note: Usually only this context. Also "a muster roll" means "the calling of the names of soldiers.") barracks = the buildings where soldiers sleep (Note: Usually plural) arms = weapons (Note: Always plural) the tramp of feet = noisy walking a measured tread = careful and professional walking, marching a grenadier = an elite British soldier stealthy = quiet and secret (Note: Frequently used in the expression "stealth bombers" which are highly-advanced fighter planes that cannot be identified by enemy radar) a chamber = a room to startle = to surprise or scare a pigeon = a gray bird often found in cities and parks, ハト a perch = a stick, branch, or high place upon which a bird sits somber = quiet, dark, sad a rafter = a large piece of wood that supports a slanted roof round = around to tremble = to shake steep = 険しい a churchyard = the grassy area outside a church (Note: Here, it refers to a cemetery) an encampment = a camp still = not moving a sentinel = a guard, a soldier to creep = to walk very quietly a spell = 呪文、魔法 dread = 恐怖、不安 bent on = leaning toward, in a certain direction (Note: poetic) to float = 浮かぶ impatient = がまんできない to mount (a horse) = to get on (a horse) booted = wearing boots spurred = having spurs on the backs of the boots, 拍車 a stride = a walking pace to pat = なでる to gaze on = to look at impetuous = having a violent force (maybe because of impatience or anger) to stamp = 踏みおろす a saddle-girth = a belt attaching a saddle to a horse a grave = a place in the ground for a dead person spectral = similar to a ghost Lo! = Look! (Note: Old and rare) a glimmer = a weak shining light, a dim flash a gleam = a brightness to spring = to jump up a bridle = 馬勒（ばろく） to linger = to wait around, to delay leaving a hoof = a horse's foot a bulk = a large thing (Note: "to be bulky" is more frequently used, meaning "to be so large that it is difficult to handle." Example: "This package is bulky. I can't carry it easily.") a pebble = a small stone a spark = a brief flash or fire to strike out = to make a violent force (Note: The past tense is "struck". Of course, in baseball "to strike out" means 三振する) a steed = a strong and quick horse fleet = quick a gloom = a darkness a fate = a destiny, 運命 (Note: "fate is riding on" means "fate will be determined by". Example: "The fate of the company is riding on what we decide." So, in this line of the poem, "riding" has two meanings: one concerning fate, and one concerning Revere riding the horse.) a flight = fast running to kindle… a flame = to start a fire a steep = a high area or slope (Note: Rare as a noun. But frequent as an adjective.) tranquil = quiet broad = wide the Mystic = the name of a river near Boston. (Note: Usually "mystic" is used as an adjective, referring to something in a strange and mysterious way.) an alder = a kind of tree, similar to a birch tree, ハンノキ that skirt its edge = that are lined along the river's edge load on the ledge = heavy on top of a cliff (Note: poetic) Medford, Lexington, and Concord = three towns in the state of Massachusetts gilded = covered in a thin layer of gold a weathercock = a wind detector on the top of a building, in the shape of a rooster blank and bare = having nothing a glare = a gleam, shining aghast = shocked bloody work = (Note: Here it means the war fighting.) a bleating = the sound of a goat or sheep a flock = a group (of goats or sheep) a twitter = the singing of small birds (Note: This is the same word used in the name of the famous online social networking service! Notice the interesting relationship.) a breeze = a usually light wind a meadow = a natural grass field, either wild or used by farm animals one = (Note: Here it means "a person") pierced = 突き通される. (Note: "pierced earrings") a musket-ball = a bullet of a musket rifle used from 400 to 200 years ago British Regulars = ordinary British soldiers to flee = to run away (Note: The past tense is "fled") gave them ball for ball = returned rifle shots when they were shot at a red-coat = a regular British soldier (especially one who wore a red uniform during the American Revolutionary War) to emerge = to come out to fire = to shoot (a gun) to load = to put a bullet in a gun a cry of alarm = a shout that danger is coming a cry of defiance = shouting against, not obeying to echo = こだまする、鳴り響く borne = (Note: Here it means "carried") peril = danger ********** Text ********** Paul Revere's Ride by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five: Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, "If the British march By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry-arch Of the North-Church-tower, as a signal-light-- One if by land, and two if by sea; And I on the opposite shore will be, Ready to ride and spread the alarm Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country-folk to be up and to arm." Then he said "Good night!" and with muffled oar Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore, Just as the moon rose over the bay, Where swinging wide at her moorings lay The Somerset, British man-of-war: A phantom ship, with each mast and spar Across the moon, like a prison-bar, And a huge black hulk, that was magnified By its own reflection in the tide. Meanwhile, his friend, through alley and street Wanders and watches with eager ears, Till in the silence around him he hears The muster of men at the barrack door, The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet, And the measured tread of the grenadiers Marching down to their boats on the shore. Then he climbed to the tower of the church, Up the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread, To the belfry-chamber overhead, And startled the pigeons from their perch On the sombre rafters, that round him made Masses and moving shapes of shade-- By the trembling ladder, steep and tall, To the highest window in the wall, Where he paused to listen and look down A moment on the roofs of the town, And the moonlight flowing over all. Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, In their night-encampment on the hill, Wrapped in silence so deep and still That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread, The watchful night-wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent, And seeming to whisper, "All is well!" A moment only he feels the spell Of the place and the hour, and the secret dread Of the lonely belfry and the dead; For suddenly all his thoughts are bent On a shadowy something far away, Where the river widens to meet the bay-- A line of black, that bends and floats On the rising tide, like a bridge of boats. Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride, Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride, On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere. Now he patted his horse's side, Now gazed on the landscape far and near, Then, impetuous, stamped the earth, And turned and tightened his saddle-girth; But mostly he watched with eager search The belfry-tower of the old North Church, As it rose above the graves on the hill, Lonely and spectral and sombre and still. And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's height, A glimmer, and then a gleam of light! He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns, But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight A second lamp in the belfry burns! A hurry of hoofs in a village-street, A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark, And beneath from the pebbles, in passing, a spark Struck out by a steed that flies fearless and fleet: That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light, The fate of a nation was riding that night; And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, Kindled the land into flame with its heat. He has left the village and mounted the steep, And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep, Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides; And under the alders, that skirt its edge, Now soft on the sand, now load on the ledge, Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides. It was twelve by the village clock When he crossed the bridge into Medford town. He heard the crowing of the cock, And the barking of the farmer's dog, And felt the damp of the river-fog, That rises when the sun goes down. It was one by the village clock, When he galloped into Lexington. He saw the gilded weathercock Swim in the moonlight as he passed, And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare, Gaze at him with a spectral glare, As if they already stood aghast At the bloody work they would look upon. It was two by the village clock, When he came to the bridge in Concord town. He heard the bleating of the flock, And the twitter of birds among the trees, And felt the breath of the morning breeze Blowing over the meadows brown. And one was safe and asleep in his bed Who at the bridge would be first to fall, Who that day would be lying dead, Pierced by a British musket-ball. You know the rest. In the books you have read, How the British Regulars fired and fled-- How the farmers gave them ball for ball, From behind each fence and farmyard-wall, Chasing the red-coats down the lane, Then crossing the fields to emerge again Under the trees at the turn of the road, And only pausing to fire and load. So through the night rode Paul Revere; And so through the night went his cry of alarm To every Middlesex village and farm-- A cry of defiance, and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore! For, borne on the night-wind of the Past, Through all our history, to the last, In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, And the midnight message of Paul Revere.

あさって7/4はアメリカ合衆国独立記念日（Independence Day）。これにちなみ、７月第１週の今回は「ドラマで英語を学ぼう」として、アメリカ人に今も親しまれている詩をお届けします。 今回お届けする「ポール・リビアの騎行」（Paul Revere's Ride）は、アメリカの詩人ロングフェロー（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1807-1882）が1861年に発表した詩です。この詩に登場するポール・リビア（1735-1818）は日本ではあまり知られていませんが、アメリカでは建国の英雄として広く知られており、いわば「アメリカの坂本龍馬」のような人物でしょうか。 この詩はリビアの「真夜中の騎行」の物語を詠った詩です。独立戦争において彼が伝令として活躍した様子が描かれています。英詩独特の表現などもありますが、スクリプトと注を参考に、リビアの活躍を想像しながらストーリーを聞き取ってみましょう。 参考：Wikipedia（ポール・リビア） 今回お借りした素材 写真：Wikipedia BGM（The Fairest of the Fair）：Internet Archive BGM（Stars and Stripes Forever）：Internet Archive Download MP3 （15:31　9.4MB　初級～中級） Paul Revere's Ride Written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Key Words in Seventy-Five = In 1775 Hardly a man is now alive = almost no person… (Note: Indeed, since the poem was written in the early 1860s, almost everyone had already died.) aloft = high (Note: This has a poetic feeling. Check Internet for example sentences.) a belfry-arch = the arch window of a tower with a big bell at the top the North-Church-tower = a real place a Boston today Middlesex = a county (area) near Boston country-folk = people who live in the countryside, farmers to be up = to be awake to arm = to get rifles muffled = made quiet (Note: "a car muffler") an oar = オール to row = 漕ぐ Charleston = a town near Boston moorings = the ropes and chains which keep a ship safely anchored in one place the Somerset = an 18th century British battleship which had about 70 canons a man-of-war = a fancy way to say "a battleship" a phantom = something similar to a ghost a mast = a large sail a spar = a pole (used to support masts on a ship) a hulk = the body of a ship to be magnified = to appear larger than it actually is a reflection = 反映 a tide = 潮 an alley = a very narrow road in a city to wander = to walk around eager = excited, 熱心な the muster of (soldiers) = the gathering of (soldiers) (Note: Usually only this context. Also "a muster roll" means "the calling of the names of soldiers.") barracks = the buildings where soldiers sleep (Note: Usually plural) arms = weapons (Note: Always plural) the tramp of feet = noisy walking a measured tread = careful and professional walking, marching a grenadier = an elite British soldier stealthy = quiet and secret (Note: Frequently used in the expression "stealth bombers" which are highly-advanced fighter planes that cannot be identified by enemy radar) a chamber = a room to startle = to surprise or scare a pigeon = a gray bird often found in cities and parks, ハト a perch = a stick, branch, or high place upon which a bird sits somber = quiet, dark, sad a rafter = a large piece of wood that supports a slanted roof round = around to tremble = to shake steep = 険しい a churchyard = the grassy area outside a church (Note: Here, it refers to a cemetery) an encampment = a camp still = not moving a sentinel = a guard, a soldier to creep = to walk very quietly a spell = 呪文、魔法 dread = 恐怖、不安 bent on = leaning toward, in a certain direction (Note: poetic) to float = 浮かぶ impatient = がまんできない to mount (a horse) = to get on (a horse) booted = wearing boots spurred = having spurs on the backs of the boots, 拍車 a stride = a walking pace to pat = なでる to gaze on = to look at impetuous = having a violent force (maybe because of impatience or anger) to stamp = 踏みおろす a saddle-girth = a belt attaching a saddle to a horse a grave = a place in the ground for a dead person spectral = similar to a ghost Lo! = Look! (Note: Old and rare) a glimmer = a weak shining light, a dim flash a gleam = a brightness to spring = to jump up a bridle = 馬勒（ばろく） to linger = to wait around, to delay leaving a hoof = a horse's foot a bulk = a large thing (Note: "to be bulky" is more frequently used, meaning "to be so large that it is difficult to handle." Example: "This package is bulky. I can't carry it easily.") a pebble = a small stone a spark = a brief flash or fire to strike out = to make a violent force (Note: The past tense is "struck". Of course, in baseball "to strike out" means 三振する) a steed = a strong and quick horse fleet = quick a gloom = a darkness a fate = a destiny, 運命 (Note: "fate is riding on" means "fate will be determined by". Example: "The fate of the company is riding on what we decide." So, in this line of the poem, "riding" has two meanings: one concerning fate, and one concerning Revere riding the horse.) a flight = fast running to kindle… a flame = to start a fire a steep = a high area or slope (Note: Rare as a noun. But frequent as an adjective.) tranquil = quiet broad = wide the Mystic = the name of a river near Boston. (Note: Usually "mystic" is used as an adjective, referring to something in a strange and mysterious way.) an alder = a kind of tree, similar to a birch tree, ハンノキ that skirt its edge = that are lined along the river's edge load on the ledge = heavy on top of a cliff (Note: poetic) Medford, Lexington, and Concord = three towns in the state of Massachusetts gilded = covered in a thin layer of gold a weathercock = a wind detector on the top of a building, in the shape of a rooster blank and bare = having nothing a glare = a gleam, shining aghast = shocked bloody work = (Note: Here it means the war fighting.) a bleating = the sound of a goat or sheep a flock = a group (of goats or sheep) a twitter = the singing of small birds (Note: This is the same word used in the name of the famous online social networking service! Notice the interesting relationship.) a breeze = a usually light wind a meadow = a natural grass field, either wild or used by farm animals one = (Note: Here it means "a person") pierced = 突き通される. (Note: "pierced earrings") a musket-ball = a bullet of a musket rifle used from 400 to 200 years ago British Regulars = ordinary British soldiers to flee = to run away (Note: The past tense is "fled") gave them ball for ball = returned rifle shots when they were shot at a red-coat = a regular British soldier (especially one who wore a red uniform during the American Revolutionary War) to emerge = to come out to fire = to shoot (a gun) to load = to put a bullet in a gun a cry of alarm = a shout that danger is coming a cry of defiance = shouting against, not obeying to echo = こだまする、鳴り響く borne = (Note: Here it means "carried") peril = danger ********** Text ********** Paul Revere's Ride by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five: Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, "If the British march By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry-arch Of the North-Church-tower, as a signal-light-- One if by land, and two if by sea; And I on the opposite shore will be, Ready to ride and spread the alarm Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country-folk to be up and to arm." Then he said "Good night!" and with muffled oar Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore, Just as the moon rose over the bay, Where swinging wide at her moorings lay The Somerset, British man-of-war: A phantom ship, with each mast and spar Across the moon, like a prison-bar, And a huge black hulk, that was magnified By its own reflection in the tide. Meanwhile, his friend, through alley and street Wanders and watches with eager ears, Till in the silence around him he hears The muster of men at the barrack door, The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet, And the measured tread of the grenadiers Marching down to their boats on the shore. Then he climbed to the tower of the church, Up the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread, To the belfry-chamber overhead, And startled the pigeons from their perch On the sombre rafters, that round him made Masses and moving shapes of shade-- By the trembling ladder, steep and tall, To the highest window in the wall, Where he paused to listen and look down A moment on the roofs of the town, And the moonlight flowing over all. Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, In their night-encampment on the hill, Wrapped in silence so deep and still That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread, The watchful night-wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent, And seeming to whisper, "All is well!" A moment only he feels the spell Of the place and the hour, and the secret dread Of the lonely belfry and the dead; For suddenly all his thoughts are bent On a shadowy something far away, Where the river widens to meet the bay-- A line of black, that bends and floats On the rising tide, like a bridge of boats. Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride, Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride, On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere. Now he patted his horse's side, Now gazed on the landscape far and near, Then, impetuous, stamped the earth, And turned and tightened his saddle-girth; But mostly he watched with eager search The belfry-tower of the old North Church, As it rose above the graves on the hill, Lonely and spectral and sombre and still. And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's height, A glimmer, and then a gleam of light! He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns, But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight A second lamp in the belfry burns! A hurry of hoofs in a village-street, A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark, And beneath from the pebbles, in passing, a spark Struck out by a steed that flies fearless and fleet: That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light, The fate of a nation was riding that night; And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, Kindled the land into flame with its heat. He has left the village and mounted the steep, And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep, Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides; And under the alders, that skirt its edge, Now soft on the sand, now load on the ledge, Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides. It was twelve by the village clock When he crossed the bridge into Medford town. He heard the crowing of the cock, And the barking of the farmer's dog, And felt the damp of the river-fog, That rises when the sun goes down. It was one by the village clock, When he galloped into Lexington. He saw the gilded weathercock Swim in the moonlight as he passed, And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare, Gaze at him with a spectral glare, As if they already stood aghast At the bloody work they would look upon. It was two by the village clock, When he came to the bridge in Concord town. He heard the bleating of the flock, And the twitter of birds among the trees, And felt the breath of the morning breeze Blowing over the meadows brown. And one was safe and asleep in his bed Who at the bridge would be first to fall, Who that day would be lying dead, Pierced by a British musket-ball. You know the rest. In the books you have read, How the British Regulars fired and fled-- How the farmers gave them ball for ball, From behind each fence and farmyard-wall, Chasing the red-coats down the lane, Then crossing the fields to emerge again Under the trees at the turn of the road, And only pausing to fire and load. So through the night rode Paul Revere; And so through the night went his cry of alarm To every Middlesex village and farm-- A cry of defiance, and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore! For, borne on the night-wind of the Past, Through all our history, to the last, In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, And the midnight message of Paul Revere.