JAMA Clinical Reviews: Interviews about ideas & innovations in medicine, science & clinical practice. Listen & earn CME credi

Which tests can be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes? When should injectable medications for type 2 diabetes be started? These are just some of the questions clinicians may have when diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes in adults. Author Rita Kalyani, MD, MHS, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults

Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency. A recent JAMA Review summarizes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses this and more with author Anand Vaidya, MD, MMSc. Related Content: Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults

Interview with Anne P. Cameron, MD and Glenn T. Werneburg, MD, PhD, authors of Foley Catheter Management: A Review. Hosted by Amalia Cochran, MD. Related Content: Foley Catheter Management

Patients' treatment expectations may affect their treatment outcomes. Coauthor Johannes A. C. Laferton, PhD, joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss the latest article in JAMA's Communicating Medicine series, which explores how to help patients have a better experience and better outcomes with treatment. Related Content: Improving Patients' Treatment Expectations

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events. Author Samia Mora, MD, MHS, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School discusses measurement and interpretation of lipoprotein (a) levels with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Lipoprotein(a)

A central question in platelet transfusion is whether to follow a restrictive or liberal strategy in decisions about which patients should receive platelets. Author Ryan Metcalf, MD, University of Utah, discusses new clinical guidelines for platelet transfusion and more with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD. Related Content: Platelet Transfusion Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care Red Blood Cell Transfusion Trends in Red Blood Cell, Plasma, and Platelet Transfusions in the United States, 1993-2014

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare coagulopathic disorder characterized by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, that can cause life-threatening thrombosis. Coauthor Allyson M. Pishko, MD, MSCE, of the University of Pennsylvania joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the recent review of iTTP published in JAMA. Related Content: Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The human microbiome appears to influence risk for development and progression of cancer and response to treatment. Author Jennifer Wargo, MD, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, discusses basic science and clinical evidence regarding the human microbiome and cancer risk with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: The Microbiome and Cancer

Endometriosis, a common cause of pelvic pain, affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age females. Author Sawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPH, University of Michigan, discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Endometriosis

What is the single most important thing to recognize when communicating with families about vaccines? Author Sean T. O'Leary, MD, MPH, of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss evidence-based approaches for discussions with parents about vaccines. Related Content: Strategies for Communicating With Parents About Vaccines

Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, which affects approximately a half million people in the US, is a chronic lung condition that involves permanent bronchial dilation and inflammation; it is characterized by a productive cough and recurrent exacerbations. Author Alan F. Barker, MD, of Oregon Health and Science University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss non-CF bronchiectasis. Related Content: Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Adults

A JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society's most recent recommendations on vitamin D supplementation for disease prevention. Author Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie, MD, MPH, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Vitamin D for Prevention of Disease

What are 3 fundamental communication skills needed when discussing surgery with patients? Author Lauren J. Taylor, MD, of the Central Virginia VA Health Care System discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM. Related Content: Communicating With Patients About Surgery

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a smoking-related malignancy that presents at an advanced stage in 70% of patients. Author Anne C. Chiang, MD, PhD, of the Yale University School of Medicine joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of SCLC. Related Content: Small Cell Lung Cancer

Polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic kidney disease worldwide and is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts. Author Nerra Dahl, MD, PhD, Mayo Clinic, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ADPKD in adults, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that affects approximately 5 million people worldwide. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, have substantially improved survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In this podcast, author Elias J. Jabbour, MD, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses diagnosis and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD. Related Content: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Preventive Services for Food Insecurity Food Insecurity, Health, and Health Care in the US Navigating the Complexity of Food Insecurity Screening Screening for Food Insecurity US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations for Screening for Food Insecurity Screening for Food Insecurity

Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US and the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Author R. Bruce Montgomery, MD, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Related Content: Prostate Cancer

A recent JAMA article reviews the 3 most common eating disorders, their risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. In this podcast, coauthors Evelyn Attia, MD, and Timothy Walsh, MD, both from Columbia University Irving Medical Center, discuss eating disorders with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Eating Disorders

In 2024, the American Law Institute revised the legal standard for assessing medical negligence. Author Christopher T. Robertson, JD, PhD, of Boston University School of Law joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss these changes in the first-ever restatement of the law. Related Content: A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice Another Medical Malpractice Crisis?

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in apparently healthy adults younger than 40 years ranges from 4 to 14 per 100 000 person-years worldwide. Among young adults who have had cardiac arrest outside of a hospital, only 9% to 16% survive to hospital discharge. Author Zian Tseng, MD, MAS, University of California, San Francisco, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Apparently Healthy, Young Adults

Guidelines from the American Thoracic Society report on the value of pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD, interstitial lung disease, or pulmonary hypertension. JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis author Michaela R. Anderson, University of Pennsylvania, discusses these guidelines and more with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Adults With Chronic Respiratory Disease Proper Use of Inhalant Medications for Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Essential thrombocythemia, a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm with excessive platelet production, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Author Ayalew Tefferi, MD, of the Mayo Clinic, joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Related Content: Essential Thrombocythemia

Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures Fracture Risk Assessment as a Component of Osteoporosis Screening—Easier Said Than Done Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures

NIH'S policies, programs, and research funding fill gaps in knowledge about women's health. Janine Austin Clayton, MD, of the NIH joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss key programs, policies, and scientific advances of the NIH that have informed and improved women's health. Related Content: Recent Developments in Women's Health Research at the US National Institutes of Health National Academies Report Calls for an NIH Institute Dedicated to Women's Health

JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, and JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, highlight their selections of top JAMA 2024 Clinical Reviews podcasts. Related Content: Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure (podcast) Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) (podcast) Obesity Medications (podcast) Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure Community-Acquired Pneumonia Medications for Obesity

Chronic kidney disease develops among 30% to 40% of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes during their lifetime. Author Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS, of the University of Washington Division of Nephrology, discusses the evaluation and treatment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

The number of people living with atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing, and they have a higher rate of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, and dementia compared with people without AF. Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, an epidemiologist and cardiologist, discusses current diagnosis and treatment of AF with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Atrial Fibrillation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potentially life-saving therapy for some patients with hematologic and bone marrow cancers and certain nonmalignant conditions such as sickle cell disease. Hermioni L. Amonoo, MD, MPP, MPH, of Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the process of allogeneic stem cell donation. Related Content: Allogeneic Stem Cell Donation

JAMA Senior Editor Derek Angus, MD, MPH, and JAMA Associate Editor Christopher Seymour, MD, MSc, discuss 4 critical care trials published in JAMA and simultaneously presented at the 2024 CCR Down Under meeting in Melbourne, Australia, with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Electronic Sepsis Screening Among Patients Admitted to Hospital Wards Early Restrictive vs Liberal Oxygen for Trauma Patients High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Do Sepsis Alerts Help? Reevaluating Respiratory Support in Acute Respiratory Failure—Insights From the RENOVATE Trial and Implications for Practice Is High-Flow Oxygen the Standard for All Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure? Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis

Access to obstetric care in US hospitals has been declining, while maternal mortality is on the rise. A new research letter published in JAMA quantifies losses and gains of obstetric care at rural and urban short-term acute care hospitals in the US between 2010-2022. Author Katy Kozhimannil, PhD, MPA, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS. Related Content: Obstetric Care Access at Rural and Urban Hospitals in the United States

Ovarian aging is an important cause of infertility in women older than 35 years. Success rates of fertility treatment decline with age, most commonly due to declining ovarian function. Author Albert L. Hsu, MD, MS, of University of Cincinnati, Ohio, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Ovarian Aging and Fertility

Mpox is an evolving global health threat, and clinicians should be aware of characteristic signs and symptoms to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Author Jason Zucker, MD, MS, of Columbia University Irving Medical Center speaks with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, about the transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention of mpox. Related Content: Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies The Resurgence of Mpox in Africa Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses After Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic Vaccination WHO Announces Mpox Global Plan, Appeals for Funding

Calcific aortic stenosis affects approximately 12% of people >75 years in the US and worldwide leads to more than 100 000 deaths each year. Catherine M. Otto, MD, PhD, of the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of aortic stenosis with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Calcific Aortic Stenosis

CAR T cells are genetically engineered to express a receptor that recognizes and kills tumor cells. CAR T-cell products are now FDA approved for 6 hematologic malignancies. Author Jennifer N. Brudno, MD, National Cancer Institute, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss "CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Translational Science Review.” Related Content: CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer Translational Science Reviews—A New JAMA Review

Peptic ulcer disease affects approximately 1% of the population in the US, and H pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease. Author Nimish Vakil, MD, a gastroenterologist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, discusses current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Peptic Ulcer Disease

High prescription costs are a major barrier to the optimal treatment of many health conditions. Prescribers need tools to help patients find the lowest drug costs. Author Hussain S. Lalani, MD, MPH, MSc, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss "Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs." Related Content: Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs Strategies to Help Patients Afford Their Medicines in the US

Even though highly effective medications are currently available to prevent HIV, there are about 1.3 million new infections worldwide each year. Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH, of the University of California San Francisco joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. Related Content: Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV What Is Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis?

In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Opill, a daily progestin-only oral contraceptive for over-the-counter sale to people of all ages. Daniel Grossman, MD, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH. Related Content: Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptives Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptive Pills Over-the-Counter Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives

Selection of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and timing of dialysis initiation are influenced by patient symptoms, laboratory trajectories, patient preferences, and therapy cost and availability; shared decision-making is key. Jennifer E. Flythe, MD, MPH, from the University of North Carolina, discusses dialysis for chronic kidney failure with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure

Chronic spontaneous urticaria affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, impairs patients' quality of life, and is associated with multiple comorbidities. Pavel Kolkhir, MD, discusses the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with approximately 740 000 hospitalizations and 41 000 deaths in the US annually. JAMA Review authors Scott A. Flanders, MD, and Valerie M. Vaughn, MD, MSc, discuss diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Community-Acquired Pneumonia