JAMA Clinical Reviews: Interviews about ideas & innovations in medicine, science & clinical practice. Listen & earn CME credi

The JAMA Summit on Firearm Violence convened 60 thought leaders from a wide array of disciplines to chart a roadmap that could lead to substantial reductions in firearm harms by 2040. Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss the Summit and steps that could lead to a safer world by 2040. Related Content: Toward a Safer World by 2040 Reducing Firearm Violence and Harms ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Keratinocyte carcinomas, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are common forms of skin cancer. Approximately 5.4 million keratinocyte carcinomas are diagnosed in the US annually. Author Mackenzie R. Wehner, MD, MPhil, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss treatment of these types of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Related Content: Keratinocyte Carcinoma ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Lung cancer in nonsmoking individuals is increasing worldwide and currently accounts for 15% to 20% of lung cancer cases globally. Benjamin Solomon, PhD, of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia, discusses the epidemiology and treatment of lung cancer in nonsmoking patients with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Lung Cancer in Nonsmoking Individuals ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Syphilis infections have increased in the US and worldwide over the past decade. Left untreated, syphilis can cause blindness, deafness, psychosis, dementia, and peripheral nerve damage, and can cause congenital syphilis. Author Franco Chevalier, MD, MPH, from the San Francisco Department of Public Health discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content: Syphilis ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Microplastics, defined as plastics smaller than 5 mm, have been detected in human tissues at increasing rates and are associated with potential adverse health effects. Author David Christiani, MD, MPH, from the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, discusses this topic and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Microplastics and Human Health

Severe refractory asthma, which affects approximately 1% to 5% of patients with asthma, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Author Juan Carlos Cardet, MD, MPH, of the University of South Florida joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the management of patients with severe refractory asthma, including first-line medications and biologics. Related Content: Management of Severe Refractory Asthma

Epidemiologist Brian Lee, PhD, discusses his study on acetaminophen use during pregnancy and children's risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in this interview with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD. Related Content: Acetaminophen Use in Pregnancy—Study Author Explains the Data

Health care professionals often use numbers to guide decisions, monitor patient health, and communicate information. Author Angela Fagerlin, PhD, of the University of Utah joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss how providing numerical information may be helpful in shared decision-making with patients. Related Content: How to Communicate Medical Numbers

Superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) is characterized by thrombus formation in the superficial veins, typically in the lower or upper extremities. In this podcast, the coauthor of a JAMA review on SuVT, Behnood Bikdeli, MD, MS, discusses pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of SuVT with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD. Related Content: Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Untreated hypothyroidism can cause serious health complications such as heart failure and myxedema coma. Author Maria Papaleontiou, MD, of the University of Michigan joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of primary overt hypothyroidism in nonpregnant adults. Related Content: Hypothyroidism

Interview with Alexander Chern, MD, author of Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid–Enabled Earbuds—Merging Hearing Health and Technology. Hosted by Paul C. Bryson, MD, MBA. Related Content: Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid–Enabled Earbuds—Merging Hearing Health and Technology

The incidence and prevalence of cutaneous melanoma in the US and worldwide have increased over the last 5 decades. JAMA Review Author John Kirkwood, MD, discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of melanoma with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Cutaneous Melanoma ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Hemorrhoidal disease, pathology of the tissue lining the anal canal, affects approximately 10 million individuals in the US. Author Jean H. Ashburn, MD, of Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, discuss the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Related Content: Hemorrhoidal Disease

Dalbavancin, a long-acting IV lipoglycopeptide, may be an option for the treatment of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia without requiring long-term IV access. Author Thomas L. Holland, MD, MSc, from Duke University School of Medicine discusses key points of the DOTS randomized clinical trial and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ.Related Content: Dalbavancin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus BacteremiaManagement of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Prostatitis affects approximately 9.3% of men in their lifetime and includes acute and chronic bacterial infection and nonbacterial chronic prostatitis with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Author Minh N. Pham, MD, from University of North Carolina School of Medicine discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD. Related Content: Prostatitis

Geroscience aims to define and modify biologic pathways associated with aging and age-related diseases. Author Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD, of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding geroscience, human health, and promising therapies that may slow aging and age-related decline. Related Content: Geroscience ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

New medications for obesity, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are highly effective but can be associated with adverse effects that reduce adherence. Obesity expert and author Robert Kushner, MD, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss a recent JAMA Insights article on managing adverse effects of obesity medications. Related Content: Managing Adverse Effects of Incretin-Based Medications for Obesity ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Author David M. Kent, MD, MS, of Tufts Medical Center and JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discuss how to evaluate the likelihood that a PFO was causal in a patient with a cryptogenic ischemic stroke, and closure of a PFO to lower the incidence of recurrent strokes for affected patients. Related Content: Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke Patent Foramen Ovale and Dysarthria in a Man in His 60s Management of Patients With a Patent Foramen Ovale With History of Stroke or TIA Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects in an Analysis of Pooled Individual Patient Data From Randomized Trials of Device Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale After Stroke Transesophageal Echocardiogram Detecting a High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Approximately 200 000 people are hospitalized for diverticulitis each year in the US, and the incidence of diverticulitis is increasing, particularly among younger people. Author Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, of the University of Vermont and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diverticulitis. Related Content: Diverticulitis Quality-of-Life and Recurrence Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Elective Sigmoid Resection vs Conservative Treatment Following Diverticulitis Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Locoregional Recurrence Among Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Node-Negative Breast Cancer ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

A recent Review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer. William Cliby, MD, and John Weroha, MD, PhD, both from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, discuss this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Margaret Wheeler, MD. Related Content: Ovarian Cancer Endometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer Risk Screening for Ovarian Cancer ----------------------------------- JAMA Editors' Summary

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancers, typically defined as occurring in patients younger than age 50, are increasing worldwide. A recent JAMA Review summarizes current data on early-onset colorectal, pancreatic, and esophagogastric cancers. Coauthor Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS to discuss. Related Content: Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers Screening for Helicobacter pylori to Prevent Gastric Cancer First-Line Sugemalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer

Approximately 40% of men older than 50 have urinary frequency or urgency that affects their quality of life. Author John T. Wei, MD, MS, of the University of Michigan Department of Urology and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss diagnosis and management of these symptoms in older men. Related Content: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men

In the 25 years since its emergence in the US, West Nile virus has become the leading cause of domestic mosquito-borne disease. It causes more than 1200 neuroinvasive disease cases and 120 deaths annually in the US. Coauthor Carolyn Gould, MD, of the CDC joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, to discuss the review on this topic published in JAMA. Related Content: West Nile Virus What Is West Nile Virus Infection?

Worldwide, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men older than 50 years experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Author Suzanne N. Morin, MD, MSc, of McGill University and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Related Content: Osteoporosis

Which tests can be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes? When should injectable medications for type 2 diabetes be started? These are just some of the questions clinicians may have when diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes in adults. Author Rita Kalyani, MD, MHS, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults

Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency. A recent JAMA Review summarizes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses this and more with author Anand Vaidya, MD, MMSc. Related Content: Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults

Interview with Anne P. Cameron, MD and Glenn T. Werneburg, MD, PhD, authors of Foley Catheter Management: A Review. Hosted by Amalia Cochran, MD. Related Content: Foley Catheter Management

Patients' treatment expectations may affect their treatment outcomes. Coauthor Johannes A. C. Laferton, PhD, joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss the latest article in JAMA's Communicating Medicine series, which explores how to help patients have a better experience and better outcomes with treatment. Related Content: Improving Patients' Treatment Expectations

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events. Author Samia Mora, MD, MHS, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School discusses measurement and interpretation of lipoprotein (a) levels with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: Lipoprotein(a)

A central question in platelet transfusion is whether to follow a restrictive or liberal strategy in decisions about which patients should receive platelets. Author Ryan Metcalf, MD, University of Utah, discusses new clinical guidelines for platelet transfusion and more with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD. Related Content: Platelet Transfusion Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care Red Blood Cell Transfusion Trends in Red Blood Cell, Plasma, and Platelet Transfusions in the United States, 1993-2014

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare coagulopathic disorder characterized by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, that can cause life-threatening thrombosis. Coauthor Allyson M. Pishko, MD, MSCE, of the University of Pennsylvania joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the recent review of iTTP published in JAMA. Related Content: Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The human microbiome appears to influence risk for development and progression of cancer and response to treatment. Author Jennifer Wargo, MD, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, discusses basic science and clinical evidence regarding the human microbiome and cancer risk with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content: The Microbiome and Cancer

Endometriosis, a common cause of pelvic pain, affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age females. Author Sawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPH, University of Michigan, discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content: Endometriosis

What is the single most important thing to recognize when communicating with families about vaccines? Author Sean T. O'Leary, MD, MPH, of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss evidence-based approaches for discussions with parents about vaccines. Related Content: Strategies for Communicating With Parents About Vaccines

Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, which affects approximately a half million people in the US, is a chronic lung condition that involves permanent bronchial dilation and inflammation; it is characterized by a productive cough and recurrent exacerbations. Author Alan F. Barker, MD, of Oregon Health and Science University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss non-CF bronchiectasis. Related Content: Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Adults

A JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society's most recent recommendations on vitamin D supplementation for disease prevention. Author Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie, MD, MPH, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Vitamin D for Prevention of Disease

What are 3 fundamental communication skills needed when discussing surgery with patients? Author Lauren J. Taylor, MD, of the Central Virginia VA Health Care System discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM. Related Content: Communicating With Patients About Surgery

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a smoking-related malignancy that presents at an advanced stage in 70% of patients. Author Anne C. Chiang, MD, PhD, of the Yale University School of Medicine joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of SCLC. Related Content: Small Cell Lung Cancer

Polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic kidney disease worldwide and is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts. Author Nerra Dahl, MD, PhD, Mayo Clinic, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ADPKD in adults, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that affects approximately 5 million people worldwide. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, have substantially improved survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In this podcast, author Elias J. Jabbour, MD, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses diagnosis and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD. Related Content: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Preventive Services for Food Insecurity Food Insecurity, Health, and Health Care in the US Navigating the Complexity of Food Insecurity Screening Screening for Food Insecurity US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations for Screening for Food Insecurity Screening for Food Insecurity

Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US and the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Author R. Bruce Montgomery, MD, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Related Content: Prostate Cancer