Podcasts about ottoman armenians

“There is one sign which has never changed its meaning anywhere in the civilized world—the Compass and the Square. A sign of the union of the body and soul.” The Extermination of Ottoman Armenians by the Young Turk Regime (1915-1916) | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance – Research Network  The Knights Templar and Knights […] The post Knights Templar were before JESUITS. Vatican OWNS City of London * Control the Money and Mind of Man. Vatican from Etruscan Goddess Vatika. Etruscans were BLACK. appeared first on Psychopath In Your Life.

*) Incumbent Macron wins French election, defeating rival Le Pen President Emmanuel Macron has comfortably defeated far-right rival Marine Le Pen in French presidential election, according to exit polls. His supporters erupted with joy as the results appeared on a giant screen at the Champ de Mars park by the Eiffel tower. Leaders in Berlin, Brussels, London and beyond welcomed his defeat of the nationalist, eurosceptic Le Pen. *) US announces new military aid, diplomatic support for Ukraine The United States has announced new military assistance for Ukraine and a renewed diplomatic push in the war-ravaged nation. The announcement came after the US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin completed his secretive trip to Kiev. He told Ukraine's president and his advisers that the US would provide more than 300 million dollars in foreign military financing. *) Tribal clashes in Sudan's restive Darfur kill nearly 170 Clashes between rival groups in Sudan's Darfur have killed at least 168 people, an aid group said, in the latest bout of deadly violence to hit the restive region. The fighting erupted in the Krink region of West Darfur. The violence broke out when armed tribesmen attacked villages of the non-Arab Massalit minority in retaliation for the killing of two tribesmen. *) Erdogan: Turks and Armenians should build a future together Türkiye's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sent a letter to the head of the Armenian Patriarchate in Istanbul in which he stressed that Turks and Armenians should build their future together. His message addressed the Turkish-Armenian community gathered at the Istanbul Armenian Patriarchate to honour the Ottoman Armenians who died in the "harsh conditions" of World War I. Erdogan reiterated that the final years of the Ottoman Empire, which coincided with World War I, were a "very painful period" for millions of Ottoman citizens. And, finally... *) Box Office: 'The Bad Guys' topples 'Fantastic Beasts 3' with $24 million debut Universal's kid-friendly caper "The Bad Guys" pulled off a heist for the ages, capturing the number one spot at the domestic box office. The animated comedy has collected 24 million dollars from 4,009 North American theatres in its debut, enough to take the crown from "Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore." "The Bad Guys" carries a $70 million price tag, so although the Dreamworks Animation film has topped the box office, it may have to claw its way to profitability in its theatrical run.

Agitation from the Armenian community for political reform and autonomy, brewing since the 1870s, was further intensified by large-scale massacres that occurred across the empire in 1894–1897 and in Cilicia in 1909; additionally, the more seemingly benign expressions of oppression and discrimination faced by Armenians, which had increased throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, also contributed to growing discontent. Though they had already suffered grave injustices, the previous misfortunes of the Ottoman Armenians paled in comparison to the genocide of 1915–1916. As Bloxham notes, the massacres of the 1890s and genocide of 1915 differ in significant ways—notably in their motivations as well as in participation by centralized versus localized actors—but share a common time frame at the twilight of the Ottoman Empire. Finally, the massacres of 1894–1897 themselves charted the course of what was to come, conditioning the mentality of both perpetrators and victims. This episode was written by Ümit Kurt. Ümit Kurt is a historian of the Modern Middle East with a particular focus on the transformations of the imperial structures and their role in constituting the republican regime. Kurt is Polonsky Fellow at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. He is the author of several books in Turkish and English, including “The Spirit of the Laws: The Plunder of Wealth in the Armenian Genocide.” His recent book is, The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province, published by Harvard University Press, May 2021. He is currently teaching in the Dept. of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Kurt is the winner of the Discovery Early Career Research Award of 2021, given by Australian Research Council. Dur: 25mins File: .mp3

“Kef” (Party) music is a dance-oriented style of Armenian-American music that arose in the United States during the first half of the 20th century, as an expansion on the traditional and popular musical heritage of Ottoman Armenians. A generation later, Armenian-American musicians in the mid 20th century, while continuing to play their “Kef” traditional music, also began to experiment and fuse their musical traditions and styles with American Jazz, Country, Pop and all sorts of musical genres. Andrew Hagopian, a Master Oud player, will take us through our diaspora's musical pastime, as we explore examples of this Armenian-American cultural fusion, as well as some classic folk songs played on the Oud by Mr. Oud Jr.

It has taken more than a century, but President Joe Biden on Saturday recognized as genocide the killing of an estimated 1.5 million Ottoman Armenians beginning in 1915. The first time an American President has made that declaration. Why does it matter? WTBU reporter Iris Tao talked with Gayane Kaligian, a IR major at BU and a student activist speaking out about the Armenian genocide.

In this special episode, our new Keyman Postdoctoral Fellow Anoush Tamar Suni interviewed David Leupold on his new book Embattled Dreamlands: The Politics of Contesting Armenian, Kurdish and Turkish Memory, which explores the intertwined histories of Armenian, Turkish, and Kurdish communities with a particular focus on the violent history of the Genocide of Ottoman Armenians in 1915. Moving through multiple issues like histories of violence, exclusionary national narratives and their counternarratives, multiple toponymies, the everyday experience of the land, the conversation sheds light on how these contested histories inform the lives of the past and inhabitants of these geographies that transcend the boundaries of nation states. At the end of the episode, Dr. Leupold also offers a nuanced reading of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict by explaining how the memory regimes of nation states create a vicious circle of violence built on denying the trauma of the other. David Leupold is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient Berlin in the research unit "Representations of the Past as a Mobilising Force." Previously, he was a Manoogian postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Michigan. Dr. Leupold received his Ph.D. in Social Sciences from Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in 2018. His research has appeared in the journal Iran and the Caucasus, and this year, his monograph, entitled Embattled Dreamlands: The Politics of Contesting Armenian, Kurdish and Turkish Memory, was published by Routledge. Dr. Leupold’s new book explores the intertwined histories of Armenian, Turkish, and Kurdish communities with a particular focus on the violent history of the Genocide of Ottoman Armenians in 1915. With his proficiency in Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian, Russian, Farsi, German and English, Dr. Leupold brings together a wide variety of historical and contemporary written sources as well oral history interviews that he conducted during fieldwork in both Armenia and in southeastern Turkey. For more on David's work: https://zmo.academia.edu/DavidLeupold https://www.zmo.de/en/people/david-leupold https://www.routledge.com/Embattled-Dreamlands-The-Politics-of-Contesting-Armenian-Kurdish-and-Turkish/Leupold/p/book/9780367361440 book tour: https://readymag.com/relictsofanotherfuture/1820336/ Anoush Tamar Suni is the 2020-2022 Keyman Modern Turkish Studies Postdoctoral Fellow at Northwestern University. She earned her PhD in anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2019. For her doctoral dissertation, entitled “Palimpsests of Violence: Ruination and the Politics of Memory in Anatolia,” she spent over two years (2015-2017) in the region of Van, in southeastern Turkey, conducting ethnographic research. She is currently working on her book project, which investigates questions of memory and the material legacies of state violence in the region of Van with a focus on the historic Armenian and contemporary Kurdish communities. Prior to coming to Northwestern, she was a Manoogian Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Armenian Studies Program and the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan.

Join historian John Lestrange for episode 5 of Genostory: We Agreed to Do This.  In this episode John will go over the Armenian genocide and the historic contexts that allowed it to happen. Also, as a reminder to everyone listening Black Lives Matter and All Cops are Bastards Special thanks to the app Hatchful and MJ Bradley for designing and editing out logo. Show music is "Crusade - Heavy Industry by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. Sources: Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 275. https://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.153/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html   Barsoumian, Hagop (1997), "The Eastern Question and the Tanzimat Era", in Hovannisian, Richard G (ed.), The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century, New York: St. Martin’s,   Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2015). A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014. CQ Press.   Akçam, Taner (2006). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. New York: Metropolitan Books.   The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy by Doctor Rouben Adalian   The Gardening States: Comparing State Repression of Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Union and Turley, 1908 – 1945 by Duco Heija. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Vol 12. No 1. 2018   When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide by Ugur U. Ungor. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Vol 1. No 2. 2006   Deportations and Massacres in the Cipher Telegrams of the Interior Ministry in the Prime Ministerial Archive (Basbakanlik Arsivi) by Taner Ackam. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Vol 1. No 3. 2006.   Balakian, Peter (2003). The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response. New York: HarperCollins.   "Exiled Armenians starve in the desert; Turks drive them like slaves, American committee hears ;- Treatment raises death rate". The New York Times. 8 August 1916.   Dadrian, Vahakn (November 1991). "The Documentation of the World War I Armenian Massacres in the Proceedings of the Turkish Military Tribunal". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (4): 549–76 (560).   Charny, Israel W.; Tutu, Desmond; Wiesenthal, Simon (2000). Encyclopedia of genocide (Repr ed.). Oxford: ABC-Clio. p. 95   Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. pp. 411   Vahakn N. Dadrian, The Role of Turkish Physicians in the World War I Genocide of Ottoman Armenians . The Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1, no. 2 (1986), pp. 177.   Turkey's EU Minister, Judge Giovanni Bonello And the Armenian Genocide - ‘Claim about Malta Trials is nonsense’. The Malta Independent.   "Erdogan: Turkey will 'never accept' genocide charges | DW | 04.06.2016". Deutsche Welle   Akçam, Taner (4 September 2004). From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode 440 with Nazan Maksudyan hosted by Chris GratienDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudChildren are often imagined as victims of war or passive bystanders. But in this episode, Nazan Maksudyan is back on the program to talk about how the First World War looked through the eyes of Ottoman children and their lives as historical actors during and after the conflict. We explore the experience of child workers and the many situations faced by children throughout the war, and we also explore the themes of survival and resilience as expressed in the experience of children, especially Ottoman Armenians. We also discuss the challenges of writing amid a tumultuous period for Turkey and an experience of exile. « Click for More »

Episode 440 with Nazan Maksudyan hosted by Chris GratienDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudChildren are often imagined as victims of war or passive bystanders. But in this episode, Nazan Maksudyan is back on the program to talk about how the First World War looked through the eyes of Ottoman children and their lives as historical actors during and after the conflict. We explore the experience of child workers and the many situations faced by children throughout the war, and we also explore the themes of survival and resilience as expressed in the experience of children, especially Ottoman Armenians. We also discuss the challenges of writing amid a tumultuous period for Turkey and an experience of exile. « Click for More »

Episode 433with David Gutmanhosted by Sam DolbeeDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudBeginning in the 1880s, thousands of Ottoman Armenians left the Harput region bound for places all around the world. The Ottoman state viewed these migrants as threats, both for their feared political connections and their possession of foreign legal protections. In this episode, David Gutman discusses the smuggling networks that emerged in response to these legal restrictions, as well as the evolving understandings of citizenship they entailed. Restrictions on movement were repealed after the Constitutional Revolution in 1908, but the respite from control of motion would be short-lived for Harput's Armenians, many of whom were killed in the genocide of 1915. « Click for More »

Episode 433with David Gutmanhosted by Sam DolbeeDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudBeginning in the 1880s, thousands of Ottoman Armenians left the Harput region bound for places all around the world. The Ottoman state viewed these migrants as threats, both for their feared political connections and their possession of foreign legal protections. In this episode, David Gutman discusses the smuggling networks that emerged in response to these legal restrictions, as well as the evolving understandings of citizenship they entailed. Restrictions on movement were repealed after the Constitutional Revolution in 1908, but the respite from control of motion would be short-lived for Harput's Armenians, many of whom were killed in the genocide of 1915. « Click for More »

Episode 433with David Gutmanhosted by Sam DolbeeDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudBeginning in the 1880s, thousands of Ottoman Armenians left the Harput region bound for places all around the world. The Ottoman state viewed these migrants as threats, both for their feared political connections and their possession of foreign legal protections. In this episode, David Gutman discusses the smuggling networks that emerged in response to these legal restrictions, as well as the evolving understandings of citizenship they entailed. Restrictions on movement were repealed after the Constitutional Revolution in 1908, but the respite from control of motion would be short-lived for Harput's Armenians, many of whom were killed in the genocide of 1915. « Click for More »

Episode 407with Heghnar Watenpaughhosted by Emily NeumeierDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe genre of biography usually applies to people, but could a similar approach be applied to an object? Can a thing have a life of its own? In this episode, Heghnar Watenpaugh explores this question by tracing the long journey of the Zeytun Gospels, a famous illuminated manuscript considered to be a masterpiece of medieval Armenian art. Protected for centuries in a remote church in eastern Anatolia, the sacred book traveled with the waves of people displaced by the Armenian genocide. Passed from hand to hand, caught in the chaos of the First World War, it was divided in two. Decades later, the manuscript found its way to the Republic of Armenia, while its missing eight pages came to the Getty Museum in LA. In this interview, we discuss how the Zeytun Gospels could be understood as a "survivor object," contributing to current discussions about the destruction of cultural heritage. We also talk about the challenges of writing history for a broader reading public.« Click for More »

Episode 407with Heghnar Watenpaughhosted by Emily NeumeierDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe genre of biography usually applies to people, but could a similar approach be applied to an object? Can a thing have a life of its own? In this episode, Heghnar Watenpaugh explores this question by tracing the long journey of the Zeytun Gospels, a famous illuminated manuscript considered to be a masterpiece of medieval Armenian art. Protected for centuries in a remote church in eastern Anatolia, the sacred book traveled with the waves of people displaced by the Armenian genocide. Passed from hand to hand, caught in the chaos of the First World War, it was divided in two. Decades later, the manuscript found its way to the Republic of Armenia, while its missing eight pages came to the Getty Museum in LA. In this interview, we discuss how the Zeytun Gospels could be understood as a "survivor object," contributing to current discussions about the destruction of cultural heritage. We also talk about the challenges of writing history for a broader reading public.« Click for More »

Episode 407with Heghnar Watenpaughhosted by Emily NeumeierDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe genre of biography usually applies to people, but could a similar approach be applied to an object? Can a thing have a life of its own? In this episode, Heghnar Watenpaugh explores this question by tracing the long journey of the Zeytun Gospels, a famous illuminated manuscript considered to be a masterpiece of medieval Armenian art. Protected for centuries in a remote church in eastern Anatolia, the sacred book traveled with the waves of people displaced by the Armenian genocide. Passed from hand to hand, caught in the chaos of the First World War, it was divided in two. Decades later, the manuscript found its way to the Republic of Armenia, while its missing eight pages came to the Getty Museum in LA. In this interview, we discuss how the Zeytun Gospels could be understood as a "survivor object," contributing to current discussions about the destruction of cultural heritage. We also talk about the challenges of writing history for a broader reading public.« Click for More »

Episode 407with Heghnar Watenpaughhosted by Emily NeumeierDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe genre of biography usually applies to people, but could a similar approach be applied to an object? Can a thing have a life of its own? In this episode, Heghnar Watenpaugh explores this question by tracing the long journey of the Zeytun Gospels, a famous illuminated manuscript considered to be a masterpiece of medieval Armenian art. Protected for centuries in a remote church in eastern Anatolia, the sacred book traveled with the waves of people displaced by the Armenian genocide. Passed from hand to hand, caught in the chaos of the First World War, it was divided in two. Decades later, the manuscript found its way to the Republic of Armenia, while its missing eight pages came to the Getty Museum in LA. In this interview, we discuss how the Zeytun Gospels could be understood as a "survivor object," contributing to current discussions about the destruction of cultural heritage. We also talk about the challenges of writing history for a broader reading public.« Click for More »

Episode 382with Ohannes Kılıçdağıhosted by Sam DolbeeDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe history of Ottoman Armenians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Ottoman Empire is inevitably in the shadow of 1915. In today's episode, we explore new approaches to this history with Dr. Ohannes Kılıçdağı. We speak in particular about the hopes that the empire's Armenian citizens attached to the 1908 Constitutional Revolution, which were high indeed. On the basis of research utilizing Armenian-language periodicals from across the empire, Kılıçdağı explains how the Armenian community enthusiastically embraced military conscription, and how this phenomenon connects to the theme of citizenship in the late Ottoman Empire more generally. We conclude by considering what use there is for history in the politics of the present. « Click for More »

Episode 382with Ohannes Kılıçdağıhosted by Sam DolbeeDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThe history of Ottoman Armenians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Ottoman Empire is inevitably in the shadow of 1915. In today’s episode, we explore new approaches to this history with Dr. Ohannes Kılıçdağı. We speak in particular about the hopes that the empire’s Armenian citizens attached to the 1908 Constitutional Revolution, which were high indeed. On the basis of research utilizing Armenian-language periodicals from across the empire, Kılıçdağı explains how the Armenian community enthusiastically embraced military conscription, and how this phenomenon connects to the theme of citizenship in the late Ottoman Empire more generally. We conclude by considering what use there is for history in the politics of the present. « Click for More »

Jonathan Varjabedian on “My Dear Son Garabed: Kojaian Family Letters from Efkere/Kayseri to America (1912-1919)” (Histor Press), a remarkable collection of letters sent from the Anatolian village of Efkere between 1912 and 1919. They were sent to Garabed Kojaian and his father Harutian, among the many Ottoman Armenians migrating to America in the early 20th century. Become a Turkey Book Talk member to support the podcast and get full transcripts (in English and Turkish) of every interview upon publication, transcripts of the entire Turkey Book Talk archive, and access to an exclusive 30% discount on over 200 Turkey/Ottoman history titles published by IB Tauris.  

Genocide strikes Armenian people.During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (most of that area is now Turkey) worried about a Russian invasion. Ottoman Turks felt threatened by Russia’s support for Ottoman Armenians’ desire for an independent state. They decided to round up, then execute or deport, all of the estimated two million Armenians within their borders. The slaughter began on April 24, 1915. Many Armenians died during forced marches into the deserts of what are now Iraq and Syria. Most of the killings and deportations took place between 1915 and 1917, but reports indicate they continued until 1923. How many were actually killed, and whether the events constituted “genocide,” remain topics of debate. Turkey acknowledges 300,000 dead, but refuses to call it systematic killing or genocide, arguing that not just Armenians were targeted. Armenians themselves say they lost 1.5 million people, and remain horrified that the debate over whether it was genocide continues. After years of debate in Canada, Members of Parliament passed a resolution on April 21, 2004 which states, "That this House acknowledges the Armenian genocide of 1915 and condemns this act as a crime against humanity.” Every April 24th, Armenians around the world press for acknowledgement of what took place, and for justice. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

with Lerna Ekmekçioğluhosted by Chris Gratien, Nir Shafir, and Eda ÇakmakçıDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudAfter facing the destruction of their community during the First World War, former Ottoman Armenians set about rebuilding in Turkey first during a period of relative optimism under the Allied occupation of Istanbul and later as non-Muslim citizens of new Turkish nation-state. In her new work entitled Recovering Armenia, Lerna Ekmekçioğlu explores the changes and continuities in the identity of Istanbul's Armenian community during this transformative period. In this interview, we explore Armenian collective politics, feminist movements, and expressions of loyalty through the Armenian press and through the writings of women in particular, and we examine the issue of Armenian belonging in Turkey through the lens of "secular dimmitude" among non-Muslim citizens of a predominantly Muslim but secular republic.« Click for More »

with Lerna Ekmekçioğluhosted by Chris GratienThe World War I period irrevocably changed the life of Ottoman Armenians and ultimately heralded the end of Christian communities throughout most of Anatolia. However, following the Ottoman defeat in the war, the brief Armistice period witnessed efforts by Armenians in Istanbul to reconstitute their community in the capital. In this episode, Lerna Ekmekçioğlu explores these efforts and in particular activities to locate and gather Armenian orphans and widows dislocated by war and genocide. Lerna Ekmekçioğlu is Assistant Professor of History at MIT. Her research focuses on the intersections of minority identity and gender in the modern Middle East. (see faculty page)Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University researching the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)Episode No. 161Release date: 27 June 2014Location: Beyoğlu, IstanbulEditing and Production by Chris GratienBibliography courtesy of Lerna EkmekçioğluCitation: "Reconstituting the Stuff of the Nation: Armenians of Istanbul during the Armistice Period," Lerna Ekmekçioğlu and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 161 (27 June 2014) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2014/06/armenian-widows-orphans-istanbul.html.SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYLerna Ekmekcioglu, “A Climate for Abduction, A Climate for Redemption: The Politics of Inclusion during and after the Armenian Genocide.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 3 (2013): 522–53.Uğur Ümit Üngör, “Orphans, Converts, and Prostitutes: Social Consequences of War and Persecution in the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1923,” War in History 19, 2 (2012): 173–92.Taner Akçam, The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), 287–339.Victoria Rowe, “Armenian Women Refugees at the End of Empire: Strategies of Survival,” in Panikos Panayi and Pipa Virdee, eds., Refugees and the End of Empire: Imperial Collapse and Forced Migration in the Twentieth Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 164.Keith David Watenpaugh, “The League of Nations’ Rescue of Armenian Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism, 1920–1927,” American Historical Review 115, 5 (2010): 1315–39, here 1315.Matthias Bjørnlund, “‘A Fate Worse than Dying:’ Sexual Violence during the Armenian Genocide,” in Dagmar Herzog, ed., Brutality and Desire: War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 16–58. Vahé Tachjian, “Gender, Nationalism, Exclusion: The Reintegration Process of Female Survivors of the Armenian Genocide,” Nations and Nationalism 15, 1 (2009): 60–80Vahé Tachjian, “Recovering Women and Children Enslaved by Palestinian Bedouins,” in Raymond Kévorkian and Vahé Tachjian, eds., The Armenian General Benevolent Union, One Hundred Years of History (Cairo: AGBU, 2006).Katharine Derderian, “Common Fate, Different Experience: Gender-Specific Aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 19, 1 (May 2005): 1–25. Vahakn Dadrian, “Children as Victims of Genocide: The Armenian Case,” Journal of Genocide Research 5 (2003): 421–38. Vahram Shemmassian, “The League of Nations and the Reclamation of Armenian Genocide Survivors,” in Richard Hovannisian, ed., Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2003), 94.Ara Sarafian, “The Absorption of Armenian Women and Children into Muslim Households as a Structural Component of the Armenian Genocide,” in Omer Bartov and Phyllis Mack, eds., In God’s Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century (New York: Berghahn Books, 2001), 209–21.Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill “Armenian Refugee Women: The Picture Brides 1920–1930,” Journal of American Ethnic History 12, 3 (1993): 3–29. Eliz Sanasarian, “Gender Distinction in the Genocidal Process: A Preliminary Study of the Armenian Case,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, 4 (1989): 449–61.