Podcasts about proceedings

Foundations of Amateur Radio Recently I explored the use of a radio device aptly described by a fellow Aussie Electronics Engineer, "ozeng", as "Absolute witchcraft." .. I'm talking about an "RF circulator", one of which is sitting quietly on my desk, roughly 60 mm square, 30 mm thick, weighing in at just under half a kilogram, unexpectedly with a 200 year history. Let the spelunking commence .. The moment you start reading the "Circulator" Wikipedia page, you'll see this sentence: "Microwave circulators rely on the anisotropic and non-reciprocal properties of magnetised microwave ferrite material.", with a helpful reference to "Modern Ferrites, Volume 2: Emerging Technologies and Applications", a 416 page reference that promises to dig into the nitty-gritty, showing 55 hits for the word "circulator". Anisotropic you ask? It's the property that describes velvet, rub it one way, it's smooth, rub it the other way and the hair stands up on the back of your neck. Wood is another example, easier to split along the grain than across it. While we're at it, reciprocity in physics is the principle that you can swap the input and output of a linear system and get the same result. If you know me at all, it should come as no surprise that I went looking for an inventor. There's over twelve-thousand patents referring to a "circulator", including more than a handful relating to Nuclear reactors. In 1960, a prolific Jessie L Butler came up with patent US3255450A, "Multiple beam antenna system employing multiple directional couplers in the leadin", which states: "This circulator has the characteristic that energy into one port will leave another port to the exclusion of a third." If you recall, that's the exact phenomenon I used to describe the "RF circulator" on my desk. So, job done, we have our inventor. Not so fast. The patent goes on to say: "Circulators of this type are discussed in an article 'The Elements of Nonreciprocal Microwave Devices' by C.Lester Hogan in Volume 44, October 1956, issue of Proceedings of the IRE, pages 1345 to 1368." The IRE is the Institute of Radio Engineers. I found a copy of that tome, thank you worldradiohistory.com, which includes the following sentence: "Until a few years ago, all known linear passive electrical networks obeyed the theorem of reciprocity. Today several different types of passive nonreciprocal microwave networks are in practical use". A footnote refers to an article by Lord Rayleigh, "On the magnetic rotation of light and the second law of thermodynamics" and includes images of an optical one-way transmission system from 1901. In that 1901 article, Lord Rayleigh in turn refers to a paper published sixteen years earlier in which he observed that light polarisation can be made to violate the general optical law of reciprocity, using a system that consists of two so-called Nicol prisms, a crystal that can convert ordinary light into plane polarised light, invented by William Nicol in 1828. Using two prisms, arranged at a 45 degree angle, you can make light go through it in one way, but not the other. Lord Rayleigh, also known as John William Strutt, in a very sparse footnote, states: "That magnetic rotation may interfere with the law of reciprocity had already been suggested by Helmholtz." Further digging gets me to an 1856 publication of the "Handbuch der physiologischen Optik", or the handbook of the study of how the eye and brain work together, where Helmholtz says that, translated from German, "according to Faraday's discovery, magnetism affects the position of the plane of polarization." This gets us to 1845, where Michael Faraday experimentally discovered that light and electromagnetism are related. His notebook has the following sentence, paragraph 7718 written on the 30th of September 1845: "Still, I have at last succeeded in illuminating a magnetic curve or line of force and in magnetising a ray of light." Today we call that the "Faraday effect" The best part? You can read Michael Faraday's diary, right now, and see the whole thing. So, who then invented the RF circulator? From Mastodon to Circulators, to Modern Ferrites, to Nonreciprocal Microwave Devices, to Multiple beam antennas, to Magnetic Rotation, to Optical Reciprocity, to Nicol prisms, to the Faraday effect, this is the perfect example of standing on the shoulders of giants, and the result sits as a little box on my desk. Just so you don't feel left out, your mobile phone likely has one of these devices on board. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

In late 1803, accounts of ghost sightings began to circulate in Hammersmith, England. This led to a tragic event, and a legal case that revealed some limitations in existing English law. Research: “The case of the murdered ghost.” BBC News. January 3, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3364467.stm “Fears of a Ghost and the Fatal Catastrophe.” The Morning Chronicle. Jan 5, 1804. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394016127/?match=1&terms=Francis%20Smith Feikert-Ahalt, Clare. “The Case of a Ghost Haunted England for Over Two Hundred Years.” Library of Congress Blog. In Custodia Legis. Law Librarians of Congress. Oct. 30, 2015. https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/10/the-case-of-a-ghost-haunted-england-for-over-two-hundred-years/ Castle, Terry. “Phantasmagoria: Spectral Technology and the Metaphorics of Modern Reverie.” Critical Inquiry. Autumn, 1988, Vol. 15, No. 1.pp. 26-61. The University of Chicago Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343603 “FRANCIS SMITH. Killing; murder. 11th January 1804..” Proceedings of the Old Bailey. “The Hammersmith Ghost: London’s Paranormal Murder.” Discovery UK. Jan. 7, 2025. https://www.discoveryuk.com/mysteries/the-hammersmith-ghost-londons-paranormal-murder/ “The Hammersmith Ghost.” Cambridge Chronicle and Journal. Jan. 14, 2804. https://www.newspapers.com/image/975790052/?match=1&terms=Hammersmith%20ghost Kirby, R.S. “Kirby's Wonderful and Scientific Museum: Or, Magazine of Remarkable Characters, Volume 2.” 1804. https://books.google.com/books?id=ggMhkDz-33EC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Medland, W.M. and Charles Weobly. “A Collection of Remarkable and Interesting Criminal Trials, Actions at Law, &c: To which is Prefixed, an Essay on Reprieve and Pardon, and Biographical Sketches of John Lord Eldon, and Mr. Mingay, Volume 2.” Badcock. January 1804. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=c5YuAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-c5YuAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 Mitchell, Edwin Valentine, ed. “The Newgate calendar :comprising interesting memoirs of the most notorious characters who have been convicted of outrages on the laws of England.” Garden City Pub. Co. 1926. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006759756 “Murder – Hammersmith Ghost.” The Bury and Norwich Post. Jan. 18, 1804. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394552157/?match=1&terms=Hammersmith%20ghost “The Reath Hammersmith Ghost.: The Bath Journal. Jan. 16, 1804. https://www.newspapers.com/image/975620428/?match=1&terms=Hammersmith%20ghost “Regine v. Gladstone Williams.” Transcript of the Shorthand Notes of Marten Walsh Cherer Ltd., 36-38 Whitefriers Street,Fleet Street, London, EC4Y 8BH. Telephone Number: 01-583 7635, Shorthand Writers to the Court. https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/1983/4.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

United States v. Tooley, No. 24-5286 (6th Cir. Oct. 23, 2025)Borden; recklessness; crime of violence; wantonly; manslaughter; murder Matter of Negusie, 29 I&N Dec. 285 (A.G. 2025)persecutor bar; asylum and withholding of removal; duress and voluntariness; history of asylum; 1967 protocol; evidentiary burden Matter of J-A-N-M-, 29 I&N Dec. 287 (BIA 2025) IJ authority to terminate withholding-only proceedings; termination; at 8 C.F.R. § 1003.18(d) Rojas-Espinoza, et al. v. Bondi, No. 24-7536 (9th Cir. Oct. 24, 2025)administrative stay of removal; Nken; delay; irreparable harm; likelihood of success on the merits; Ninth Circuit General Order 6.4(c)(1); public interest in removal; asylum; Peru Yupangui-Yunga v. Bondi, No. 23-6522 (2d Cir. Oct. 24, 2025)non-LPR cancellation of removal; age out; exhaustion; anticipating arguments not requiredSponsors and friends of the podcast!Kurzban Kurzban Tetzeli and Pratt P.A.Immigration, serious injury, and business lawyers serving clients in Florida, California, and all over the world for over 40 years. Eimmigration "Simplifies immigration casework. Legal professionals use it to advance cases faster, delight clients, and grow their practices."Homepage!Demo Link!Questions to ask! Stafi"Remote staffing solutions for businesses of all sizes"Promo Code: STAFI2025Click me! Gonzales & Gonzales Immigration BondsP: (833) 409-9200immigrationbond.com   Want to become a patron?Click here to check out our Patreon Page! CONTACT INFORMATIONEmail: kgregg@kktplaw.comFacebook: @immigrationreviewInstagram: @immigrationreviewTwitter: @immreview About your hostCase notesRecent criminal-immigration article (p.18)Featured in San Diego VoyagerDISCLAIMER & CREDITSSee Eps. 1-200Support the show

Host Bill Hamblet talks with Navy Commander Gregory B. Cotten and retired Captain Gard Clark about their article on submarine rescue in the October issue of Proceedings.

Host Bill Hamblet explores the strategic value of non-nuclear submarines in strengthening the U.S. Navy's undersea fleet with Lieutenant Commanders Jim Halsell and Jordan Spector, as they discuss their articles in the October issue of Proceedings.

How are naval shipbuilding, commercial shipbuilding, and commercial shipping linked together to create a healthy and effective national seapower ecosystem?What did the 1990s “Last Supper” get wrong, and what can be done to correct the error?Our guest this week is Hunter Stires, founder and CEO of The Maritime Strategy Group, returning to Midrats to discuss this and more.We will be using as a starting point for our discussion the recent article that he co-wrote with Steve Brock at CIMSEC, Maritime Statecraft and its Future.SummaryIn this conversation with Sal and Mark, Hunter Stires discusses the interconnectedness of naval shipbuilding, commercial shipping, and the broader maritime strategy of the United States. He emphasizes the historical context of U.S. maritime power, the importance of bipartisan support for revitalizing the shipbuilding industry, and the role of allies like South Korea in enhancing U.S. capabilities. The discussion also touches on workforce challenges, the need for competition in the shipbuilding sector, and the strategic imperative of maintaining a robust maritime ecosystem.ShowlinksMaritime Statecraft and its Future, by Steve Brock and Hunter StiresThe Neptune Factor: Alfred Thayer Mahan and the Concept of Sea Power, by Nicholas A. LambertThe Influence of Sea Power Upon History, by Alfred Thayer MahanShipbuilding, Shareholders, and National Asynchronization, by CDR SalamanderShareholder Interests Are at Odds with Navy Needs, by Martin BollingerEpisode 736: Anduril and the Promise of Autonomous Systems - with Chris Brose, by CDR Salamander & Mark TempestTakeawaysThe U.S. maritime ecosystem is interconnected and requires a holistic approach.Bipartisan support is crucial for revitalizing the shipbuilding industry.Historical lessons from figures like Mahan are relevant today.South Korea's investment in U.S. shipbuilding symbolizes a strong partnership.Workforce challenges in shipbuilding can be addressed through better pay and training.Outsourcing shipbuilding undermines U.S. strategic interests.Competition in the shipbuilding sector leads to innovation and efficiency.The U.S. must leverage its allies for technological advancements in shipbuilding.A maritime revival is possible with the right political will and strategy.Investment in shipbuilding is essential for national security.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Maritime Strategy and Ecosystem02:05: The Interconnection of Naval and Commercial Shipbuilding07:06: Historical Context: Lessons from Mahan and the Past14:40: Bipartisan Support for Maritime Revival18:16: The Role of South Korea in U.S. Shipbuilding31:00: Challenges in U.S. Shipbuilding and Workforce41:50: Future Directions and Strategic PartnershipsHunter Stires served as the Maritime Strategist to the 78th Secretary of the Navy, completing his term in June 2025. He has been recognized for his work as one of the principal architects of the Maritime Statecraft strategy put into action by Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro to rebuild America's comprehensive maritime power, both commercial and naval. Mr. Stires serves as a Non-Resident Fellow with the Navy League's Center for Maritime Strategy and as the Project Director of the U.S. Naval Institute's Maritime Counterinsurgency Project. A graduate of Columbia University, Mr. Stires previously served in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy and in several positions on the Navy Staff, including in OPNAV N96 Surface Warfare Directorate, OPNAV N95 Expeditionary Warfare Directorate, and OPNAV N522 Navy Irregular Warfare Group. Since departing government, Mr. Stires founded and now serves as CEO of The Maritime Strategy Group.Mr. Stires has been recognized twice with the U.S. Naval Institute's General Prize, the premier writing award of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, judged in the blind by active duty Sea Service professionals each year since its inception in 1879. He was awarded 1st Prize for “The South China Sea Needs a ‘COIN' Toss,” published in Proceedings in May 2019; he was awarded 2nd Prize for “Win Without Fighting,” published in June 2020. His article in the Summer 2019 issue of the Naval War College Review, “‘They Were Playing Chicken:' The U.S. Asiatic Fleet's Gray-Zone Deterrence Campaign against Japan, 1937-40,” was selected for inclusion in the Newport Papers monograph Deterrence. Mr. Stires's published work has been cited in a wide range of outlets, including Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, War on the Rocks, The National Interest, 19FortyFive, the Liberty Times, Rappler, and the South China Morning Post —as well as the Chinese language edition of the Global Times.

Swamp lights and bat sight Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, researchers explore two spooky mysteries: the source of will-o'-the-wisps and how bats integrate vision with echolocation. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:58] Richard Zare's background and expertise. •[01:26] Richard, have you ever seen will-o'-the-wisps in the wild? •[01:31] What did we already know about will-o'-the-wisps before your study? •[02:42] How could water droplets ignite methane? •[03:24] Tell us about the methods of your study. How did you explore this phenomenon? •[04:17] What are the broader implications of your findings, beyond just will-o'-the-wisps? •[05:20] What are the caveats or the limitations of the study? •[05:40] Laura Stidsholt's background and expertise. •[06:06] Laura, what can you tell us about the species you studied? •[06:25] What instruments did you attach to the bats? •[07:03] How did the bats' echolocation behavior compare in dark versus lit environments? •[08:14] What do the results suggest about the benefits of integrating information from multiple senses while hunting prey? •[08:58] What do the results imply about the potential impact of artificial light on bats? •[09:43] Final thoughts and conclusion. About Our Guests: Richard Zare  Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor of Natural Science  Stanford University Laura Stidsholt  Assistant Professor  Aarhus University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2521255122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2515087122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Découvrez comment, partis des steppes pontiques, les Yamnayas ont laissé leur empreinte dans nos langues, nos gènes et notre culture. Cette grande migration indo-européenne a bouleversé la préhistoire : entre fusion des peuples, échanges culturels et héritage durable, les Indo-Européens ont refaçonné l'Europe. #génétique #archéologie Retrouvez le script, la bibliographie complète et les crédits sonores et graphiques sur : https://ladentbleue.fr/migration-indo-europeenne-europe-yamnaya-ceramique-cordee Suivez La Dent Bleue sur :

El brillo de la Tierra está disminuyendo, lo que está provocando cambios en las precipitaciones, las corrientes oceánicas y la temperatura, advirtió un nuevo estudio publicado recientemente en la revista científica Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.

(SPOILER) Your Daily Roundup covers the Bachelorette men should be coming, Wicked Night on DWTS, which day is truly Back to the Future Day, and an update on the San Francisco court proceedings involving Laura Owens.   Music written by Jimmer Podrasky (B'Jingo Songs/Machia Music/Bug Music BMI) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Professor Zeitzer argues that we now have scientific evidence to show that abandoning our biannual change of clocks would have health benefits for a significant number of Americans. The findings of which he is the senior author are published in The Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences. Don't forget to turn back your clocks one hour on Sunday November 2nd !

In the final episode of the season, Susan Mathews speaks with Antone Martinho-Truswell, a fascinating behavioural ecologist, Operations Manager at the Sydney Policy Lab, and Research Associate at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, Australia. His Substack is called The Village Green and he is author of The Parrot in the Mirror: How evolving to be like birds made us human (2022). The book, and this episode, considers the parallels between the ‘evolutionary grooves' of the extremely advantageous traits of humans and birds—the former, by becoming the cultural ape, and the latter through flight.  Antone explains how one trait that is advantageous leads to a number of adaptations that support it. For example, how human babies are born underdeveloped, and humans have cultures that care for children for a long time in order to support the big brain that we need to grow. Taking us through the evolution of birds, Antone describes how, in dinosaurs like T-Rex, small raptors and Archaeopteryx, scales evolved into feathers which smaller dinosaurs probably began to take advantage of with glides and long leaps. And, over time, the bodies of these creatures became entirely specialised for flight.  They spoke about relative lifespans. Birds live two to ten times as long as mammals of a similar size. The reason is flight. The most obvious advantage is that it's much easier to escape predators, but birds live longer even when there are no predators around. This is because of K-selection and r-selection. K-selection is a live-slow-die-old strategy, and r-selection a live-fast-die-young strategy. An adaptation like flight starts a virtuous cycle where, since it is much more likely that a bird makes it to the next breeding season, evolution selects traits that enable it to live longer.  Movement itself, Antone stresses, is a pretty impressive biological feat. While microorganisms and water-dwelling creatures like coral are bathed in the medium that sustains its life, and plants are rooted in a life-sustaining substrate, wrapping all of the incredibly complex chemical reactions of life in a waterproof bag like a dog or a human is incredible. And then adding the third dimension of flight is a difficult feat because the animal has to fight gravity itself. The evolutionary advantage is huge because it's rare, and it's rare because it's hard to do.  But such a drastic advantage can also have other implications. Antone's article Empire of Flight in Aeon, considers why, even though birds have a lot of the same raw materials for a robust and complex culture—intelligence, communication, long overlapping lives, knowledge passed down through the generations—they have not developed one. Evolution never aspires to anything, only responds to inadequacy, and so, he hypotheses, birds don't need culture because flight is such a powerful adaptation. The more advantageous the adaptation, the less likely it is that a different way of life evolves.  Similarly, in humans, while there are some incremental changes to our genes, our complex culture, with its welfare, science, and other innovations, has taken away the pressure to do things differently. Even if there is an apocalyptic event that takes away all of our technology, we're still going to have all of the abstract components—like writing and money—that give us significant advantages. But just as this capacity lets us build concepts like democracy, it also enables us to build complex concepts like ‘enemies' and ‘hate' in ways that few other creatures can.  Finally, while narrow sustainability—energy consumption, resource use—is important, Antone persuades us to think of broader sustainability. We need to consider the physical space and the resources that we and our cities use, and, rather than fencing in nature, find ways to live that are continuous with the rest of nature.  This season of The Subverse has been produced by Tushar Das. A special thank you to Julian Wey for access to his Qumquat studio and Daniel Schwenger for his assistance.    More about the guest: Antone Martinho-Truswell's work focuses on animal minds and learning, and on human behaviour and interaction with the natural world. He is particularly interested in birds and cephalopods, intelligent species whose evolutionary history differs dramatically from that of mammals. His academic work has been published in Science, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Current Biology and Animal Behaviour and covered in The New York Times, The Atlantic, The Times and New Scientist, among others. He also writes on longstanding questions in biology and animal behaviour for Aeon and the BBC. You can find him on Instagram @stjosephwoodworks.  

Were the Flood waters filled with chemical contamination? Did Noah and company leave the ark to find a world poisoned with toxic sludge? In their latest episode, Todd and Paul chat with chemist Aaron Hutchison about the toxic elements arsenic and mercury. Dr. Hutchison explains his research on these dangerous elements and what would have happened to them during the Flood. Listen in and find out how the Lord preserved us from toxic contamination!Materials mentioned in this episodeHutchison, A.R. Mercury and the Genesis Flood: a response to Morton, pp.31-33 in: Hutchison, A.R. and J.H. Whitmore (eds), Proceedings of the First Conference on Creation Geology (Creation Research Science Education Foundation, Columbus, OH).Hutchison, A.R. 2009. Mercury toxicity and the Genesis Flood, pp.29-44 in: Oard, M.J. and J.K. Reed (eds), Rock Solid Answers (Master Books, Green Forest, AR). https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/articles/am/v5/n2/rock-solid-answers-ch3.pdfHutchison, A. 2010. Did mercury poisoning create a toxic Flood? Answers 5(2):70-73. https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/did-mercury-poisoning-create-a-toxic-flood/Hutchison, A.R. and C. Bortel. 2018. The fate of arsenic in Noah's Flood, pp.229-237 in: Whitmore, J.H. (ed), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=icc_proceedingsHutchison, A. 2021. A Flood of arsenic. Answers 16(2):30-32. https://answersingenesis.org/chemistry/flood-arsenic/

The conversation about AI in education often starts—and stops—with cheating. But what if that's the least interesting part of the story? In this episode, Tricia Friedman speaks with the team behind the new show: The Homework Machine, MIT's Justin Reich and journalist Jesse Dukes. They unpack how generative AI is reshaping what we mean by integrity, creativity, and student voice. Together they explore how teachers can balance innovation with empathy, and what schools might learn from students already living in the AI age. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to The Homework Machine 02:47 The Importance of Listening to Students 05:45 AI and Academic Integrity: A Deeper Look 08:23 The Role of Relationships in Education 10:59 Challenges in Teacher-Student Relationships 13:46 Navigating AI in Education 16:38 The Need for Empathy in Educational Policy 19:15 The Impact of the Pandemic on Education 22:17 Engaging Skeptics in AI Discussions 24:41 Finding Balance in Educational Priorities 27:45 Creating Safe Spaces for Student Voices 30:27 Looking Ahead: Future of The Homework Machine The Homework Machine is a mini series from TeachLab, a podcast that investigates the art and craft of teaching. Hosted by Justin Reich, MIT Professor and director of the MIT Teaching Systems Lab. https://www.teachlabpodcast.com/ Jesse Dukes is a journalist and comedian who has done (nearly) all the jobs in podcasting and audio including producer, editor, executive producer, reporter, mix engineer, and teacher.  Along with other projects, He's currently working with the Teaching System's Lab at MIT on The Homework Machine, a research and podcasting project about the arrival of generative AI in schools.  He has taught audio storytelling at the Center for Documentary Studies at Duke and Denison University. Justin Reich is an associate professor of digital media in the Comparative Media Studies/Writing department at MIT and the director of the Teaching Systems Lab. He is the author of Failure to Disrupt: Why Technology Alone Can't Transform Education, and the host of the TeachLab Podcast. He earned his doctorate from the Harvard Graduate School of Education and was the Richard L. Menschel HarvardX Research Fellow. He is a past Fellow at the Berkman-Klein Center for Internet and Society. His writings have been published in Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington Post, The Atlantic, and other scholarly journals and public venues. He started his career as a high school history teacher, and coach of wrestling and outdoor adventure activities. We are grateful to our sponsors: Poll Everywhere for supporting us this season, learn more: https://www.polleverywhere.com/plans/education?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=shiftingschools&utm_campaign=shiftingschools    

Anyone who has ever sliced an onion, knows the eye stinging feeling and watering that comes with it. A new study from researchers at Cornell University, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has uncovered exactly how those eye-stinging onion chemicals blast into the air and revealed a surprisingly simple way to stop them. Onions have long been known to release an irritant called propanethial S-oxide, a sulphur-based compound that triggers your eyes' tear reflex. But what no one really understood, until now, was how that chemical escapes from the onion and launches itself straight toward your face. Using high-speed cameras and computer modelling, the Cornell team watched in extreme slow motion what actually happens when a knife slices through an onion. They found a two stage tear cascade As your knife presses down, it creates pressure within the tightly packed onion cells. Each onion layer is trapped between two skins, a top and a bottom forming little pressurised chambers. When the knife finally breaks through the top layer, all that pressure releases in an instant shooting a fine mist of droplets into the air. Then comes stage two - slower streams of fluid form into droplets that continue to spray outward. The researchers dubbed this phenomenon the two-stage tear cascade a microscopic explosion that propels irritant droplets at astonishing speeds of 18 to 143 km per hour. The scientists discovered that your choice of knife, and how you use it makes a big difference. A sharp knife creates a cleaner, slower cut, releasing far fewer droplets. But a blunt blade, especially when used quickly, causes chaos smashing through onion layers, increasing pressure, and launching more mist into the air. So, the simple takeaway? Keep your knives sharp and slice slowly. Alternatively, coating the onion in oil before cutting can also help trap the mist, though that might be less convenient for everyday cooking. Beyond just helping us cook without crying, this research offers fascinating insights into fluid dynamics, food safety, and the everyday physics hiding in your kitchen. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Heather Humphreys, the Presidential candidate for Fine Gael, speaks to Rachel in a one-on-one interview.

Buffalo Grand Hotel owner Harry Stinson responds to report of city moving forward with abandonment proceedings full 186 Thu, 16 Oct 2025 15:35:32 +0000 vrcPxEt3fqgtlzRwOiHXZcr8HJ2utlG1 news WBEN Extras news Buffalo Grand Hotel owner Harry Stinson responds to report of city moving forward with abandonment proceedings Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News False

It's part 2 of our dive into the Insect Apocalypse, with our good friend Dr. Jason Dombroskie from the Cornell University Insect Collection!In this part, Jason fills us in on the drivers of the Insect Apocalypse and - most importantly - what we can do about it.This episode was recorded on August 21, 2025 at Rattlesnake Hill Wildlife Management Area in Dalton, NY.. Episode NotesDuring the episode, we made the claim that 40 million acres of the US is lawn, and that that area is equal to all of the country's National Parks put together. True? Well, sort of. The claim that the U.S. has about 40 million acres of lawn—roughly equal to all our national parks combined—is only partly true. A NASA-funded study led by Cristina Milesi estimated that turfgrass covers about 128,000 km² (≈31 million acres) of the continental U.S., making it the largest irrigated “crop” in the country (Milesi et al., Environmental Management, 2005; NASA Earth Observatory). Later analyses and popular summaries often round that up to ≈40 million acres (e.g., Scienceline, 2011; LawnStarter, 2023). By comparison, the total land area of all officially designated U.S. National Parks is about 52.4 million acres, while the entire National Park System—which also includes monuments, preserves, and historic sites—covers about 85 million acres (National Park Service, 2024). So while lawns and parks occupy areas of similar magnitude, lawns do not actually equal or exceed the combined area of the national parks. Is it better to mulch leaves on your lawn or leave them be? Here's what we found: It's generally best to mulch your leaves with a mower rather than rake or remove them. Research from Michigan State University found that mowing leaves into small pieces allows them to decompose quickly, returning nutrients to the soil and reducing weeds like dandelions and crabgrass (MSU Extension, “Don't rake leaves — mulch them into your lawn”, 2012). Cornell University studies similarly show that mulched leaves improve soil structure, moisture retention, and microbial activity (Cornell Cooperative Extension, “Leaf Mulching: A Sustainable Alternative”, 2019). However, in garden beds, wooded edges, or under shrubs, it's often better to leave leaves whole, since they provide winter habitat for butterflies, bees, and other invertebrates that overwinter in leaf litter (National Wildlife Federation, “Leave the Leaves for Wildlife”, 2020). The ideal approach is a mix: mow-mulch leaves on grassy areas for turf health and leave them intact where they naturally fall to support biodiversity and soil ecology. Episode LinksThe Cornell University Insect Collection Also, check out their great Instagram feedAnd their annual October event InsectapaloozaFind out more about the recently discovered species of Swallowtail, Papilio solstitius, commonly known as the Midsummer Tiger Swallowtail- https://www.sci.news/biology/papilio-solstitius-13710.htmlSponsors and Ways to Support UsThank you to Always Wandering Art (Website and Etsy Shop) for providing the artwork for many of our episodes.Support us on Patreon.Works CitedBiesmeijer, J.C., Roberts, S.P., Reemer, M., Ohlemuller, R., Edwards, M., Peeters, T., Schaffers, A.P., Potts, S.G., Kleukers, R.J.M.C., Thomas, C.D. and Settele, J., 2006. Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science, 313(5785), pp.351-354. Boyle, M.J., Bonebrake, T.C., Dias da Silva, K., Dongmo, M.A., Machado França, F., Gregory, N., Kitching, R.L., Ledger, M.J., Lewis, O.T., Sharp, A.C. and Stork, N.E., 2025. Causes and consequences of insect decline in tropical forests. Nature Reviews Biodiversity, pp.1-17. Burghardt, K.T., Tallamy, D.W., Philips, C. and Shropshire, K.J., 2010. Non‐native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities. Ecosphere, 1(5), pp.1-22. Colla, S.R. and Packer, L., 2008. Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(6), pp.1379-1391. Crossley, M.S., Meier, A.R., Baldwin, E.M., Berry, L.L., Crenshaw, L.C., Hartman, G.L., Lagos-Kutz, D., Nichols, D.H., Patel, K., Varriano, S. and Snyder, W.E., 2020. No net insect abundance and diversity declines across US Long Term Ecological Research sites. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(10), pp.1368-1376. DeWalt, R.E., Favret, C. and Webb, D.W., 2005. Just how imperiled are aquatic insects? A case study of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Illinois. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98(6), pp.941-950. Edwards, C.B., Zipkin, E.F., Henry, E.H., Haddad, N.M., Forister, M.L., Burls, K.J., Campbell, S.P., Crone, E.E., Diffendorfer, J., Douglas, M.R. and Drum, R.G., 2025. Rapid butterfly declines across the United States during the 21st century. Science, 387(6738), pp.1090-1094. Gaona, F.P., Iñiguez-Armijos, C., Brehm, G., Fiedler, K. and Espinosa, C.I., 2021. Drastic loss of insects (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in urban landscapes in a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Insect Conservation, 25(3), pp.395-405. Gardiner, M.M., Allee, L.L., Brown, P.M., Losey, J.E., Roy, H.E. and Smyth, R.R., 2012. Lessons from lady beetles: accuracy of monitoring data from US and UK citizen‐science programs. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10(9), pp.471-476. Groenendijk, D. and van der Meulen, J., 2004. Conservation of moths in The Netherlands: population trends, distribution patterns and monitoring techniques of day-flying moths. Journal of Insect Conservation, 8(2), pp.109-118. Haddad, N.M., Haarstad, J. and Tilman, D., 2000. The effects of long-term nitrogen loading on grassland insect communities. Oecologia, 124(1), pp.73-84. Hallmann, C.A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T. and Goulson, D., 2017. More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLoS ONE12 (10): e0185809 Hallmann, C.A., Ssymank, A., Sorg, M., de Kroon, H. and Jongejans, E., 2021. Insect biomass decline scaled to species diversity: General patterns derived from a hoverfly community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002554117. Harris, J.E., Rodenhouse, N.L. and Holmes, R.T., 2019. Decline in beetle abundance and diversity in an intact temperate forest linked to climate warming. Biological Conservation, 240, p.108219. Hembry, D.H., 2013. Herbarium Specimens Reveal Putative Insect Extinction on the Deforested Island of Mangareva (Gambier Archipelago, French Polynesia). Pacific Science, 67(4), pp.553-560. Høye, T.T., Loboda, S., Koltz, A.M., Gillespie, M.A., Bowden, J.J. and Schmidt, N.M., 2021. Nonlinear trends in abundance and diversity and complex responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002557117. Huryn, A.D. and Wallace, J.B., 2000. Life history and production of stream insects. Annual review of entomology, 45(1), pp.83-110. Kawahara, A.Y., Reeves, L.E., Barber, J.R. and Black, S.H., 2021. Eight simple actions that individuals can take to save insects from global declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002547117. Leuenberger, W., Doser, J.W., Belitz, M.W., Ries, L., Haddad, N.M., Thogmartin, W.E. and Zipkin, E.F., 2025. Three decades of declines restructure butterfly communities in the Midwestern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(33), p.e2501340122. Liang, M., Yang, Q., Chase, J.M., Isbell, F., Loreau, M., Schmid, B., Seabloom, E.W., Tilman, D. and Wang, S., 2025. Unifying spatial scaling laws of biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Science, 387(6740), p.eadl2373. Lister, B.C. and Garcia, A., 2018. Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(44), pp.E10397-E10406. Owens, A.C., Pocock, M.J. and Seymoure, B.M., 2024. Current evidence in support of insect-friendly lighting practices. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 66, p.101276. Myers, L.W., Kondratieff, B.C., Grubbs, S.A., Pett, L.A., DeWalt, R.E., Mihuc, T.B. and Hart, L.V., 2025. Distributional and species richness patterns of the stoneflies (Insecta, Plecoptera) in New York State. Biodiversity Data Journal, 13, p.e158952. Pilotto, F., Kühn, I., Adrian, R., Alber, R., Alignier, A., Andrews, C., Bäck, J., Barbaro, L., Beaumont, D., Beenaerts, N. and Benham, S., 2020. Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe. Nature communications, 11(1), p.3486. Pinkert, S., Farwig, N., Kawahara, A.Y. and Jetz, W., 2025. Global hotspots of butterfly diversity are threatened in a warming world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, pp.1-12. Raven, P.H. and Wagner, D.L., 2021. Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002548117. Rodrigues, A.V., Rissanen, T., Jones, M.M., Huikkonen, I.M., Huitu, O., Korpimäki, E., Kuussaari, M., Lehikoinen, A., Lindén, A., Pietiäinen, H. and Pöyry, J., 2025. Cross‐Taxa Analysis of Long‐Term Data Reveals a Positive Biodiversity‐Stability Relationship With Taxon‐Specific Mechanistic Underpinning. Ecology Letters, 28(4), p.e70003. Salcido, D.M., Forister, M.L., Garcia Lopez, H. and Dyer, L.A., 2020. Loss of dominant caterpillar genera in a protected tropical forest. Scientific reports, 10(1), p.422. Sánchez-Bayo, F. and Wyckhuys, K.A., 2019. Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological conservation, 232, pp.8-27. Schowalter, T.D., Pandey, M., Presley, S.J., Willig, M.R. and Zimmerman, J.K., 2021. Arthropods are not declining but are responsive to disturbance in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002556117. Sedlmeier, J.E., Grass, I., Bendalam, P., Höglinger, B., Walker, F., Gerhard, D., Piepho, H.P., Brühl, C.A. and Petschenka, G., 2025. Neonicotinoid insecticides can pose a severe threat to grassland plant bug communities. Communications Earth & Environment, 6(1), p.162. Shortall, C.R., Moore, A., Smith, E., Hall, M.J., Woiwod, I.P. and Harrington, R., 2009. Long‐term changes in the abundance of flying insects. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2(4), pp.251-260. Soga, M. and Gaston, K.J., 2018. Shifting baseline syndrome: causes, consequences, and implications. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 16(4), pp.222-230. Stork, N.E., 2018. How many species of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are there on Earth?. Annual review of entomology, 63(2018), pp.31-45. Tallamy, D.W., Narango, D.L. and Mitchell, A.B., 2021. Do non‐native plants contribute to insect declines?. Ecological Entomology, 46(4), pp.729-742. Thomas, J.A., Telfer, M.G., Roy, D.B., Preston, C.D., Greenwood, J.J.D., Asher, J., Fox, R., Clarke, R.T. and Lawton, J.H., 2004. Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis. Science, 303(5665), pp.1879-1881. Tierno de Figueroa, J.M., López-Rodríguez, M.J., Lorenz, A., Graf, W., Schmidt-Kloiber, A. and Hering, D., 2010. Vulnerable taxa of European Plecoptera (Insecta) in the context of climate change. Biodiversity and conservation, 19(5), pp.1269-1277. Turin, H. and Den Boer, P.J., 1988. Changes in the distribution of carabid beetles in The Netherlands since 1880. II. Isolation of habitats and long-term time trends in the occurence of carabid species with different powers of dispersal (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Biological Conservation, 44(3), pp.179-200. Van Deynze, B., Swinton, S.M., Hennessy, D.A., Haddad, N.M. and Ries, L., 2024. Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest. PLoS One, 19(6), p.e0304319. Van Klink, R., Bowler, D.E., Gongalsky, K.B., Swengel, A.B., Gentile, A. and Chase, J.M., 2020. Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances. Science, 368(6489), pp.417-420. Wagner, D.L., Fox, R., Salcido, D.M. and Dyer, L.A., 2021. A window to the world of global insect declines: Moth biodiversity trends are complex and heterogeneous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002549117. Wagner DL, Grames EM, Forister ML, Berenbaum MR, Stopak D. Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021 Jan 12;118(2):e2023989118. WallisDeVries, M.F. and van Swaay, C.A., 2017. A nitrogen index to track changes in butterfly species assemblages under nitrogen deposition. Biological Conservation, 212, pp.448-453. Warren, M.S., Hill, J.K., Thomas, J.A., Asher, J., Fox, R., Huntley, B., Roy, D.B., Telfer, M.G., Jeffcoate, S., Harding, P. and Jeffcoate, G., 2001. Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change. Nature, 414(6859), pp.65-69. Warren, M.S., Maes, D., van Swaay, C.A., Goffart, P., Van Dyck, H., Bourn, N.A., Wynhoff, I., Hoare, D. and Ellis, S., 2021. The decline of butterflies in Europe: Problems, significance, and possible solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), p.e2002551117. Wilson, E.O., 1987. The little things that run the world (the importance and conservation of invertebrates). Conservation biology, pp.344-346. Yang, L.H. and Gratton, C., 2014. Insects as drivers of ecosystem processes. Current opinion in insect science, 2, pp.26-32.Visit thefieldguidespodcast.com for full episode notes, links, and works cited.

Have you ever felt any sort of shame in admitting you have used an artificial intelligence tool? On this episode, we talk with Jessica Reif of Duke University, lead author of a new paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that explores how people feel about co-workers using AI and what they do about it.

Implications of a mutation in modern humans Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Xiangchun Ju and Svante Pääbo explore the evolutionary implications of a mutation that separates modern humans from ancestral hominins. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00]  •[01:22] Neurobiologist Xiangchun Ju introduces the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase, or ADSL, and its role in the synthesis of purine. •[02:09] Evolutionary anthropologist Svante Pääbo talks about the discovery of the A429V mutation, which is present in modern humans but not Neanderthals or Denisovans. •[03:38] Ju and Pääbo talk about the methods to humanize mice in order to study the evolutionary importance of the A429V mutation. •[05:04] They explain the results of the behavioral studies of the humanized mice. •[06:27] Pääbo explores the takeaways from the study.  •[08:05] He contextualizes the study alongside other studies of modern human development. •[09:17] Pääbo and Ju list the caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:14] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Xiangchun Ju Postdoctoral scholar Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Svante Pääbo Director Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2508540122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Southwest Michigan's Morning News podcast is prepared and delivered by the WSJM Newsroom. For these stories and more, visit https://www.wsjm.com and follow us for updates on Facebook. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, Dr. Kevin Esterling, Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at UC Riverside, talks with the UC Riverside School of Public Policy about using technology to make public meetings more inclusive and effective. This is the seventh episode in our 11-part series, Technology vs. Government, featuring former California State Assemblymember Lloyd Levine.About Dr. Kevin Esterling:Kevin Esterling is Professor of Public Policy and Political Science, chair of political science, and the Director of the Laboratory for Technology, Communication and Democracy (TeCD-Lab) at the University of California, Riverside, and affiliate of the UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC). He is the past interim dean and associate dean of the UCR Graduate Division. His research focuses on technology for communication in democratic politics, and in particular the use of artificial intelligence and large language models for understanding and improving the quality of democratic communication in online spaces. His methodological interests are in artificial intelligence, large language models, Bayesian statistics, machine learning, experimental design, and science ethics and validity. His books have been published on Cambridge University Press and the University of Michigan Press, and his journal articles have appeared in such journals as Science, Nature, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nature Human Behavior, the American Political Science Review, Political Analysis, the Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, and the Journal of Politics. His work has been funded by the National Science Foundation, The Democracy Fund, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Institute of Education Sciences. Esterling was previously a Robert Wood Johnson Scholar in Health Policy Research at the University of California, Berkeley and a postdoctoral research fellow at the A. Alfred Taubman Center for Public Policy and American Institutions at Brown University. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago in 1999.Interviewer:Lloyd Levine (Former California State Assemblymember, UCR School of Public Policy Senior Policy Fellow)Music by: Vir SinhaCommercial Links:https://spp.ucr.edu/ba-mpphttps://spp.ucr.edu/mppThis is a production of the UCR School of Public Policy: https://spp.ucr.eduSubscribe to this podcast so you do not miss an episode. Learn more about the series and other episodes at https://spp.ucr.edu/podcast.

Featuring perspectives from Dr Jeremy S Abramson, Dr Jennifer Crombie and Dr Laurie H Sehn, moderated by Dr Abramson, including the following topics:  Introduction (0:00) Integrating Bispecific Antibodies into the Management of Follicular Lymphoma (FL) — Dr Crombie (2:08) ICurrent Role of CD19-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for FL — Dr Abramson (21:01) Other Recently Approved and Emerging Novel Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory FL — Dr Sehn (40:52) CE information and select publications

Dr Jeremy S Abramson from Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Dr Jennifer Crombie from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute also in Boston and Dr Laurie H Sehn from the BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, discuss recent updates on available and novel treatment strategies for follicular lymphoma.  CE information and select publications here.

Kipp Bodnar is HubSpot's CMO. He's also an AI expert. Today, I interview him about how he uses AI, how he expects marketing teams to change, and his four tips to help you adopt AI in your business. --- The Loop Marketing Playbook: https://clickhubspot.com/45054c Kipp's podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@MATGpod Sign up for my newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew-22213187/ Watch Nudge on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nudgepodcast/ --- Today's sources:  HigherVisibility. (2025, February 7). New study from HigherVisibility reveals how search behavior is changing in 2025 [Press release]. Terwiesch, C. (2023). Would ChatGPT Get a Wharton MBA? A prediction based on its performance in the operations management course (White paper, Mack Institute for Innovation Management, The Wharton School). Nightingale, S. J., & Farid, H. (2022). AI-synthesized faces are indistinguishable from real faces and more trustworthy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(8), e2120481119

Why do some toddlers nap like champs while others refuse entirely? In Part 1 of our Napping Spectacular, Craig and Arielle unpack what the science says about total sleep needs, how nap patterns change across infancy and early childhood, and the very real “art” of troubleshooting naps at home. We cover when to drop naps, how brain development (especially the hippocampus) affects nap transitions, what to do about short naps, and how to keep daytime sleep from stealing restorative overnight sleep. We also talk through safe approaches to contact naps and why it's normal for newborns to have unpredictable naps and periods of crying. Key takeaways Think in 24 hours: aim to balance daytime sleep with restorative overnight sleep. AASM consensus ranges: infants 4–12 mo (12–16 h), toddlers 1–2 y (11–14 h), preschoolers 3–5 y (10–13 h), school-age 6–12 y (9–12 h), teens 13–18 y (8–10 h). Nap transitions are tied to brain maturity; as memory systems develop, many preschoolers naturally nap less. Typical goals for many infants: at least two naps of ~1 hour each and ~10 hours overnight (individual needs vary). Independent sleep skills are the linchpin for extending naps beyond a single 30–45 minute sleep cycle. Watch sleepy cues, but remember boredom can masquerade as tiredness in older infants. Contact napping can be soothing, but it's risky if the caregiver is truly exhausted—prioritize safe sleep. Newborn naps are erratic; you can practice gentle routines, but you can't “schedule” a newborn. Consistency across naps and nights helps babies learn faster than a mix-and-match approach. Links CIO episode of the Sleep Edit Dr. Canapari's article on Le Pause Sleep training Period of purple crying Dr. Canapari's article on napping Dr. Canapari's article on sleep needs in children Arielle's website Chapters 00:00 Intro and disclaimer 01:10 Why naps feel harder than nights; personal stories 03:00 What parents often misunderstand about naps 04:00 How much sleep kids need (AASM consensus) 06:00 Why naps matter for mood and learning 06:40 Brain development and nap transitions (hippocampus) 07:00 Average nap duration by age; variability is normal 09:10 How many naps per day; typical progression through early childhood 12:00 Galland review; why transitions are tricky in real life 14:00 The “art” of troubleshooting naps 15:00 Naps vs. nights: balance the 24-hour total 18:00 Targets for infants; prioritizing overnight sleep 22:00 High vs. low sleep-need babies 23:00 Nap routines vs. bedtime routines; wind-down for toddlers 25:00 How to get longer naps: schedule fit and independent sleep 27:00 Evidence-based infant sleep tips (INSIGHT and SAAF principles) 29:00 Reading sleep cues without getting trapped by rigid schedules 30:30 Overtiredness vs. boredom; case example 34:00 Can you sleep-train for naps but not nights? Why consistency wins 36:00 Typical nap times by age; capping late naps 39:00 Newborn nap reality check 40:00 Contact napping and safety 42:00 Period of PURPLE Crying and parental stress 45:30 Wrap-up and preview of Part 2 References Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, et al. Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(11):1549-1561. Spencer RMC, Riggins T. Contributions of memory and brain development to the bioregulation of naps and nap transitions in early childhood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022;119(11):e2114326119. Staton S, et al. Many naps, one nap, none: A systematic review and meta-analysis of napping patterns in children 0–12 years. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2020;50:101247. Galland BC, Taylor BJ, Elder DE, Herbison P. Normal sleep patterns in infants and children: A systematic review of observational studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2012;16(3):213-222. Horváth K. Spotlight on daytime napping during early childhood. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9:1238. Wolke D, Bilgin A, Samara M. Fussing and crying durations and prevalence of colic in infants: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2017;185:55-61.e4. Lavner JA, Hohman EE, Beach SRH, Stansfield BK, Savage JS. Effects of a responsive parenting intervention among Black families on infant sleep: Secondary analysis of the Sleep SAAF randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2023;6(3):e236276. Paul IM, Savage JS, Anzman-Frasca S, Marini ME, Mindell JA, Birch LL. INSIGHT Responsive Parenting Intervention and infant sleep. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):e20160762. Contact Listener questions: sleepeditpod@gmail.com

A federal investigation into subprime auto lender Tricolor Holdings was confirmed as court proceedings began last week.  In a court hearing on Oct. 3, Tricolor's lawyers confirmed that federal law enforcement and regulatory agencies are investigating the buy here, pay here dealer and subprime lender for alleged misconduct and alleged systemic fraud. Since Texas-based Tricolor's Chapter's 7 bankruptcy filing on Sept. 10, the company's bond prices have plummeted, signaling that investors believe there is an increased risk of losses, particularly in riskier tranches. Meanwhile, third-quarter sales among auto makers climbed as OEMs pushed incentives and consumers pulled ahead their EV sales prior to elimination of the $7,500 federal tax credit on Sept. 30. In regulatory news, powersports lenders and dealers are in an interesting position amid the shifting compliance landscape. The powersports industry has long been overlooked by regulators, with a fraction of complaints the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau received since 2011 directed at the powersports industry.  But with the pullback at the CFPB and state regulators and other agencies like the FTC ramping up enforcement, it's imperative that lenders and dealers don't do anything to garner enforcement actions.  In this episode of the “Weekly Wrap,” Auto Finance News Editor Amanda Harris, Senior Associate Editor Truth Headlam and Associate Editor Aidan Bush discuss Tricolor proceedings, OEM third-quarter sales and powersports compliance for the week ended Oct. 3. Auto Finance Summit, the premier industry event for auto lending and leasing, returns Oct. 15-17 at the Bellagio Las Vegas. Learn more about the 2025 event and register here. This episode is sponsored by The Work Number by Equifax.  Editor's note: This transcript has been generated by software and is being presented as is. Some transcription errors may remain. 

Prof Meletios-Athanasios (Thanos) C Dimopoulos from Alexandra Hospital in Athens, Greece, Dr Hans Lee from Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville, Tennessee, Dr Joseph Mikhael from City of Hope Cancer Center in Phoenix, Arizona, and Dr Noopur Raje from Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston discuss recent updates on available and novel treatment strategies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.  CE information and select publications here.

Featuring perspectives from Prof Meletios-Athanasios (Thanos) C Dimopoulos, Dr Hans Lee, and Dr Noopur Raje, moderated by Dr Joseph Mikhael, including the following topics:  Introduction (0:00) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Multiple Myeloma (MM) — Dr Raje (3:17) Integrating Bispecific Antibodies into the Management of R/R MM — Dr Lee (20:38) Potential Role of Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulators in Therapy for MM — Prof Dimopoulos (40:37) CE information and select publications

An absorbing conversation featuring Colin Camerer (CASBS fellow, 1997-98), among the world's most accomplished scholars in both behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, with economist Stephanie Wang (2024-25). Camerer discusses his groundbreaking work on the neuroeconomics of self-control and habit formation; offers insights on generating ideas for, building, then scaling behavioral models; and explains why neuroscience remains a wide-open field awaiting the contributions of so-far mostly reluctant economists and other social scientists.COLIN CAMERER: Caltech faculty page | Camerer research group | on Google Scholar | Wikipedia page | bio at the Decision Lab | bio at MacArthur Foundation | STEPHANIE WANG: Pitt faculty page | Personal website | on Google Scholar | CASBS bio |Works discussed or mentioned in this episode:C. Camerer, Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction. Princeton University Press, 2003.C. Camerer, "Can Asset Markets Be Manipulated? A Field Experiment with Racetrack Betting," Journal of Political Economy, 1998.C. Camerer, et al., "The Golden Age of Social Science," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021.C. Camerer, et al., "A Neural Autopilot Theory of Habit: Evidence from Consumer Purchases and Social Media Use," Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2024.S. Wang, C. Camerer, et al., "Looming Large or Seeming Small? Attitudes Toward Losses in a Representative Sample," Review of Economic Studies, 2025.F. Ramsey, "Truth and Probability" (1926), published in F. Ramsey, The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays (1931)U. Malmendier, S. Nagel, "Depression Babies: Do Macroeconomic Experiences Affect Risk Taking?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011.M. Cobb, The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience, Basic Books, 2020.M. Gaetani, "CASBS in the History of Behavioral Economics," CASBS website, 2018.Also of interest:S. Wang, et al., eds., "Mindful Economics: A Special Issue in Honor of Colin Camerer," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, forthcoming.  Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) at Stanford UniversityExplore CASBS: website|Bluesky|X|YouTube|LinkedIn|podcast|latest newsletter|signup|outreach​Human CenteredProducer: Mike Gaetani | Audio engineer & co-producer: Joe Monzel |

Alice Kyteler's witchcraft trial shocked 14th century Ireland. Today, the charges against her are seen largely as nonsense, and more about personal vendettas and struggles for power. Research: Bailey, Michael D. “HISTORICAL DICTIONARY of WITCHCRAFT.” Scarecrow Press. 2003. Callan, Maeve Brigid. “The Templars, the Witch, and the Wild Irish: Vengeance and Heresy in Medieval Ireland.” Cornell University Press. 2015. “Dame Alice Kyteler.” Historic Kilkenny. https://www.historickilkenny.com/alice-kyteler Iribarren, Isabel. “Black Magic to Heresy: A Doctrinal Leap in the Pontificate of John XXII.” Church History , Mar., 2007, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Mar., 2007), pp. 32-60. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Society of Church History. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644923 “Kilkenny Witch Trials.” Kilkenny Heritage Forum and Kilkenny Heritage Plan. https://kilkennyheritage.ie/2024/12/kilkenny-witch-trials/#:~:text=On%203rd%20November%201324%2C%20Petronilla,world%20for%20centuries%20to%20come. Pavlic, Brian A. “Lady Alice Kyteler Is Found Guilty of Witchcraft.” EBSCO. 2022. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/law/lady-alice-kyteler-found-guilty-witchcraft Ledrede, Richard. “A contemporary narrative of the proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, prosecuted for sorcery in 1324.” London. Printed for the Camden Society, by John Bowyer Nichols and Son. 1843. https://archive.org/details/b33096831/page/n11/mode/2up “A Medieval History.” Kyteler’s Inn. https://www.kytelersinn.com/history-of-the-inn/ Murphy, Mrs. C.J. “Alice Kyteler.” Old Kilkenny Review. 1953. https://kilkennyarchaeologicalsociety.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/OKR1953-09-Claire-Murphy-Alice-Kyteler.pdf Neary, Anne. “The Origins and Character of the Kilkenny Witchcraft Case of 1324.” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature , 1983, Vol. 83C (1983), pp. 333-350. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25506106 Riddell, William Renwick. “First Execution for Witchcraft in Ireland.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 7, Issue 6. 1917. https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?params=/context/jclc/article/1500/&path_info=83_7JAmInstCrimL_Criminology828_May1916toMarch1917_.pdf Seymour, John Drelincourt. “Dame Alice Kyteler the Sorceress of Kilkenny A.D. 1324 (Folklore History Series).” Read Books. 2011. Walsh, James. “The Popes and Science: THE HISTORY OF THE PAPAL RELATIONS TO SCIENCE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES AND DOWN TO OUR OWN TIME.” NEW YORKFORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1915. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34019/34019-h/34019-h.htm Williams, Bernadette. “The Sorcery Trial of Alice Kyteler.” History Ireland, vol. 2, no. 4, 1994, pp. 20–24. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27724208 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On a warm, overcast summer's day of 1901, two English school mistresses strolled through the gardens of Versailles, unaware they were about to step into a defining moment in their lives. One minute in the present and the next in the past, Charlotte Anne Moberly and Eleanor Jourdain claimed to have crossed into a spectral vision of the court of Marie Antoinette. What began as a genteel outing quickly turned uncanny, with silent figures, oppressive stillness, and an inexplicable sense of dread creeping over their heads. Was it imagination, delusion, a ghostly breach in reality or simply a fancy dress party run amok?SOURCES Morison, Elizabeth & Lamont, Frances & (1913) The Adventure. Macmillan & Co. LTD. London, UK. Castle, Terry (1995) The Female Thermometer: Eighteenth Century Culture & The Invention of the Uncanny. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Lamont, Mark (2021) The Mysterious Paths of Versailles: An Investigation of a Journey Back in Time. Independently Published. Castle, Terry (1991) Contagious Folly: An Adventure & It's Sceptics. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Summer, 1991), pp. 741-772. Iremonger, Lucille (1957) The Ghosts of Versailles: Miss Moberly & Miss Jourdain & Their Adventure. Faber & Faber LTD, London, UK. The Daily Telegraph (1911) Books of the Day. The Daily Telegraph, 8 Feb 1911, p14. London, UK. Sidgwick, Henry (1911) Review: An Adventure. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol XXV, July 1911, p353. London, UK. ------ For almost anything, head over to the podcasts hub at ⁠⁠darkhistories.com ⁠⁠ Support the show by using our link when you sign up to Audible: ⁠⁠http://audibletrial.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ or visit our Patreon for bonus episodes and Early Access: ⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ The Dark Histories books are available to buy here: ⁠⁠http://author.to/darkhistories⁠⁠ Dark Histories merch is available here: ⁠⁠https://bit.ly/3GChjk9⁠⁠ Connect with us on Facebook: ⁠⁠http://facebook.com/darkhistoriespodcast⁠⁠ Or find us on Twitter: ⁠⁠http://twitter.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ & Instagram: ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/dark_histories/⁠⁠ Or you can contact us directly via email at ⁠⁠contact@darkhistories.com⁠⁠ or join our Discord community: ⁠⁠https://discord.gg/cmGcBFf⁠⁠ The Dark Histories Butterfly was drawn by Courtney, who you can find on Instagram @bewildereye Music was recorded by me © Ben Cutmore 2017 Other Outro music was Paul Whiteman & his orchestra with Mildred Bailey - All of me (1931). It's out of copyright now, but if you're interested, that was that. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Where primates evolved Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Jorge Avaria-Llautureo and Chris Venditti explain why the evolution of primates likely occurred in cold, dry climates rather than in tropical forests. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:58] Evolutionary biologist Jorge Avaria-Lautureo explains the prevailing hypothesis that primates evolved in a tropical climate •[02:54] Evolutionary biologist Chris Venditti introduces evidence suggesting a different origin climate. •[03:54] Avaria discusses how the researchers reconstructed the climate of early primate species. •[05:05] Venditti and Avaria explain why it was important to use standardized climate definitions in this study. •[07:29] Avaria describes the results of the study. •[08:18]Venditti talks about the importance of understanding early primates' climates. •[09:21] Avaria and Venditti talk about the study's caveats and limitations. •[10:22] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Jorge Avaria-Llautureo Postdoctoral scholar University of Reading Chris Venditti Professor University of Reading View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2423833122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

John is joined by Quinn Emanuel partners Dave Nelson and Alex Lasher.  They discuss the landmark victory Dave and Alex's team won for Samsung Display before the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) in a trade secrets case against Chinese competitor, BOE Technology Group.  The ITC is an independent quasi-judicial agency of the federal government that, among other duties, adjudicates claims regarding unfair trade practices, including intellectual property infringement.  Monetary damages are not available in ITC proceedings.  However, the ITC can provide powerful injunctive relief by issuing exclusion orders that stop all infringing products from entering the U.S. at the border.  These exclusion orders make the ITC a strategic venue for intellectual property disputes involving imported goods.  Although trade secret cases at the ITC are not new, they have become more prominent in the last decade. The ITC process differs significantly from federal court litigation.  Proceedings are accelerated and are led by an administrative law judge and a third-party staff attorney who acts as a neutral participant.  ITC staff may conduct discovery, cross-examine witnesses, and submit their own briefs, making trial preparation especially complex.  There are no juries. This case involved accusations that BOE misappropriated dozens of trade secrets related to OLED display technologies used in phones, TVs, and micro displays.  BOE used these stolen trade secrets to manufacture competing products and import them into the U.S. for several years. Discovery in the case was complicated by both the legal obstacles to taking discovery of a Chinese company and language barriers, with Samsung's internal documents largely in Korean and BOE's in Chinese.  The team faced additional challenges defining the trade secrets at issue with sufficient specificity early in the case—a prerequisite for discovery.  Another major hurdle was proving that Samsung maintained a “domestic industry” in the U.S. worthy of protection under ITC rules—a jurisdictional requirement. Despite these difficulties, the administrative law judge issued a 15-year exclusion order covering all BOE OLED display products, effectively barring them from the U.S. market.  The team's trial efforts were bolstered by a pre-trial sanctions order against BOE for discovery misconduct.  The case demonstrates how IP litigation at the ITC can create enormous commercial leverage and underscores the critical role expert testimony and meticulous trial preparation play in high-stakes trade secret disputes. Podcast Link: Law-disrupted.fmHost: John B. Quinn Producer: Alexis HydeMusic and Editing by: Alexander Rossi

Co-hosts Ryan Piansky, a graduate student and patient advocate living with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and eosinophilic asthma, and Holly Knotowicz, a speech-language pathologist living with EoE who serves on APFED's Health Sciences Advisory Council, interview three high school students who made less invasive EoE diagnostics the focus of a science fair project. Disclaimer: The information provided in this podcast is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between listeners and their healthcare providers. Opinions, information, and recommendations shared in this podcast are not a substitute for medical advice. Decisions related to medical care should be made with your healthcare provider. Opinions and views of guests and co-hosts are their own.   Key Takeaways: [:51] Co-host Ryan Piansky introduces the episode, brought to you thanks to the support of Education Partners Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda. Ryan introduces co-host Holly Knotowicz.   [1:08] Holly introduces today's guests, three high school students from Texas who made EoE diagnostics the focus of a science fair project: Leyna, Nhu, and Jaden.   [1:47] Leyna, Nhu, and Jaden are best friends. Nhu was diagnosed with EoE last summer. Leyna said Nhu told them it took a long time for the doctors to diagnose her because they thought it could be different conditions.   [2:07] Nhu told them about her appointments and her endoscopy procedures. She had to miss school sometimes. Leyna and Jaden were concerned for her.   [2:22] Leyna took AP Bio. Her teacher was a sponsor for the science fair. Leyna thought this would be a meaningful project for the three friends to learn more about Nhu's condition.    [2:45] Holly shares that she wasn't diagnosed until her 20s, but she was sick for much of her childhood.   [3:13] Ryan shares that he was diagnosed when he was two, after two years of his parents taking him to different doctors and undergoing different tests.   [3:31] Nhu says it was hard to find a specialist. They found one and had to wait six months for an appointment. It was a long time, suffering from the effects of EoE with constant symptoms, a lot of heartburn, and painful vomiting.   [4:00] Nhu was diagnosed with EoE in her sophomore year of high school. Her friends have seen her endure a lot, but she's strong. Nhu had to miss an orchestra concert where she had a big solo, because of her EoE.   [4:32] Doctors thought Nhu could have something different, like H. Pylori or cyclic vomiting syndrome. They didn't have clear answers, which was confusing and frustrating for her family.   [4:50] Holly talks about how difficult it was for her to get a diagnosis, and how she was told she was vomiting to get attention. She shared her reaction when diagnosed. She would like someone to do a research study about the pain tolerance of people with EoE.   [5:41] Leyna says junior year is the hardest year of high school. She doesn't know how Nhu survived physics and AP classes with EoE on top of it, and making up late work.   [6:14] Nhu takes a weekly injection. Her symptoms happen almost monthly. Sometimes she misses school for two weeks and has to catch up on work. Leyna and Jaden help her with her schoolwork.   [6:47] Ryan shared how he missed a third of his senior year in high school. He's now on an injectable biologic that has helped him a lot. That treatment option wasn't available when he was in high school. Having supportive friends to send him his schoolwork and keep him up-to-date was very helpful.   [7:11] Ryan explains the esophageal string test (EST). This is a tool that was developed to help monitor eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The test works by having the patient swallow a capsule about the size of a Tic Tac that has a string attached.   [7:25] The capsule dissolves in the stomach while the string stays in place in the esophagus. After about an hour, it's gently removed. Along the way, the string collects samples from the lining of the esophagus, which are reviewed, similarly to a biopsy.   [7:37] Holly adds that what makes the string test unique is that it doesn't require an endoscope, anesthesia, or recovery time, things that usually come with a traditional endoscopy and biopsy.   [7:46] It's now being used with patients as young as four years old. While some people might feel some minor discomfort, it's generally much easier for regular monitoring than an endoscopy.   [7:57] Holly explains that she was involved in testing the device and developing a swallowing protocol for it at Children's Hospital of Colorado. We will talk more about this later in the episode.   [8:06] Ryan adds, to learn more about the development of the string test, listen to episode 26 of this podcast.   [8:10] The string test is one of multiple, less-invasive monitoring tools for eosinophilic esophagitis. Others include the sponge test and unsedated trans-nasal endoscopy.   [8:19] To learn more about unsedated transnasal endoscopy, listen to episodes 19 and 20, where we talk to clinicians and patients about this method.   [8:27] During that episode, we talked to the developers of the EST.   [8:38] Jaden tells how he, Leyna, and Nhu brainstormed ideas and decided to base their project specifically on how to diagnose EoE in a less invasive way than endoscopies.   [9:12] Before this project, they were not familiar with the EST. Nhu says her only option for diagnosis was an endoscopy.   [9:21] Holly says it's still like that in Maine. She came from an area of the country where the EST was researched, and it's interesting to her that she doesn't have access to it now.   [9:37] What appealed to the group about the EST as an alternative to endoscopies is that it was so different. There are so many advanced technologies, and the EST is just a capsule taped to a string. It is simple but innovative.   [10:13] Real Talk: Eosinophilic Diseases had Drs. Robin Shandas and Steven Ackerman, who were instrumental in the development of the esophageal string test, as guests on episode 26 of this podcast. Ryan encourages listeners to check out that episode at apfed.org/podcasts.   [10:42] They searched for keywords and analyzed a variety of scholarly literature. They collected a lot of data from Dr. Ackerman's papers.   [11:10] They also reached out to gastroenterologists on social media. A hard thing about science fair projects is coming up with an experiment. They didn't know what they could do just with compiled research, but they had a great sponsor who helped along the way.   [11:56] Leyna says they trusted that the doctors they reached out to on social media were competent in their understanding of different diagnostic methods. She notes that different locations may have different resources and different biases.   [12:14] Leyna says they talked to doctors in the U.S. and from different countries, including India and Mexico. She commented that communities in Mexico might not have the same resources as communities in the U.S. or India. That might change their understanding of the EST.   [12:33] We might have different biases because we don't have the same technology to research and find the same things about the EST.   [13:12] Leyna says they reached out to doctors on social media, but didn't get responses from that many doctors. Reaching out to patients would be a good thing if they want to continue the project.   [14:00] Jaden says most of the data they found was from Dr. Ackerman, including a survey he did comparing the data of the EST and the biopsies.   [14:10] They found that the EST and the biopsies were relatively similar in terms of discovering the eosinophilic count and determining whether the EoE is active or inactive.   [15:30] They found differences between ESTs and biopsies in finding how much of a certain chemical is in the patient's cells.   [14:43] Leyna comments that one of the doctors they reached out to told them about the sponge test, another less invasive method. They didn't research the sponge test, but it sounded interesting.   [15:00] Ryan says there are a lot of cool new techniques that are being researched, like the transnasal endoscopy that goes in through the nose, the string test, and the sponge test.   [15:13] Leyna says the cool thing was hearing about all these methods. They had hypothesized that there are less invasive methods that may be better than endoscopies.   [15:27] They were not able to prove their hypothesis yet. They learned a lot of different things that could be beneficial.   [15:42] Holly points out that the transnasal endoscopy is not scary. It's also known as the unsedated endoscopy. Holly has done both the EST and the unsedated endoscopy,  and they each have pluses and minuses.   [16:15] Nhu explains how the team would meet at one of their houses, usually Leyna's house. One day, they watched Interstellar together, and the “Eureka moment” scene motivated them.   [16:41] They helped each other whenever necessary. When the project board was due, they all went to Leyna's house to work on the project board. They worked together as a team.   [16:51] Jaden analyzed a lot of the data. Leyna reached out to professors. Nhu helped Jaden understand some terms. On the day they presented the project, Nhu was sick in the hospital, which made them sad. They included a photo of her on the project board.   [17:28] Holly says that although Nhu wasn't there, it may have helped people know how sick EoE can make you feel.   [18:28] Leyna says one of the doctors they reached through social media told them that endoscopies have lots of benefits. The biopsy samples give healthcare professionals a clear idea of how many eosinophils per high-powered field, a key indicator in diagnosing EoE.   [18:57] The diagnosis gives a baseline for starting treatment for the patient, monitoring how effective the treatment is. You can't count the number of eosinophils per high-powered field using the string test.   [19:11] The EST is a gelatin capsule attached to a long string that you swallow. It dissolves in the stomach. It's less expensive than an endoscopy.   [19:33] Holly says one of the big differences is that you can't diagnose EoE on a string test. It has to be diagnosed with an endoscopy.   [19:40] Leyna says they learned that from the doctors and medical students who reviewed their project board. You can't diagnose EoE with the EST, but you can monitor it.   [19:52] The string test doesn't provide a direct eosinophil count, but it reflects the level of inflammation in your esophagus, and it can measure the protein biomarkers. That correlates with the eosinophil count from a biopsy. It is good for monitoring EoE.   [20:12] Ryan says that's a great idea. In the show notes, there is a link to the diagnostic consensus guidelines. They specify that you need an endoscopy and 15 eosinophils per high-powered field to be diagnosed with EoE.   [20:28] The EST can monitor the progression of the disorder as you're trying new medicines or an elimination diet. If you need an endoscopy every three to six months, it can be taxing.    [20:49] Ryan comments on the cost. Going through anesthesia for an endoscopy is very expensive, and not everyone has the insurance to cover these diagnostic procedures. The EST is an option you can do in a doctor's office in just over an hour.   [21:16] Holly asks if Nhu has participated in a string test. Nhu has not, but she would love to do a string test if she had the chance. Whenever she sees her doctor, she brings up her condition, and what could be better for her, such as the string test.   [22:06] The science fair is a huge regional fair in Houston, called the Science and Engineering Fair of Houston (SEFH). This was their first year participating. They were regional qualifiers from their district. When they got there, everyone else had six-foot-tall printed boards. It was a shock to them.   [22:56] They hope to level up their board for next year's fair. It was cool and eye-opening to see all these student researchers and get feedback from the people who walked by their booth. They heard some interesting things to use in their next project.   [23:15] One medical student in attendance came by their project board and suggested that while the EST may not diagnose EoE, maybe it could be used as a screening tool [to help identify people who should follow up with a gastroenterologist for a diagnostic work-up]. Interestingly, this was a medical student, and she had recently scheduled an appointment with a gastroenterologist for an endoscopy to see if she has EoE.   [24:04] This student didn't seem to know much about EoE, but felt she was experiencing symptoms that might indicate EoE. She told them she had learned so much from their board. Ryan says it's great that the project was able to help this person.   [24:44] Jaden says that the students at their school didn't know much about EoE, but when they looked at the project board, they were shocked by how incredibly difficult it is to diagnose EoE and how the EST could change a lot of things as a screening method.   [25:11] Jaden says their science teacher came by to see their board and how they were doing. He liked how they included not only the research information but also the stories of why they chose their project and why they were passionate about it.   [25:34] The day of the project, Leyna and Jaden were sad that Nhu couldn't be there with them. Their sponsor, Leyna's biology teacher, was sick, but showed up at the fair to view their presentation. They raised awareness about EoE. People learned about it.   [25:54] When Nhu told Leyna about her EoE, Leyna had no idea what it was. She's glad their project brought the issue to the table. They emphasized that more research needs to be done. There is much we don't know about less invasive methods.   [26:23] Nhu has considered a career in medicine since she has been in many hospitals and talked to a lot of doctors. Jaden sees himself in the engineering field, but he enjoys researching like this and seeing things through a different perspective.   [27:05] Nhu learned a lot about herself with EoE. Leyna loves how much they learned from this project. She is interested in pursuing scientific research. She thinks it's cool that Ryan is a graduate student.   [27:24] Leyna just got back from a five-week summer research program. It was insightful. She doesn't see herself becoming a doctor, but possibly doing research and advocating for different conditions.   [27:43] When Ryan was in high school, with all his hospital time, he had an interest in medicine, then he took a turn into engineering. He enjoys research. He's passionate about engaging in patient advocacy work through APFED.   [28:10] Ryan is glad for Leyna, Nhu, and Jaden that they were able to engage with this research and do it as a group and as friends. He says it's fantastic to hear from the group about the whole process they went through.   [28:23] Holly asks, looking back on everything you guys learned and experienced in this project, what's one question or idea you would still like to explore if you had more time and resources?   [28:38] Nhu wants to research finding more ways to diagnose EoE. Testing for EoE and finding EoE are very interesting for her.   [28:53] Jaden thinks that if they had more time, they would try to create a model of the EST to show how it works. He would possibly try to improve upon the model or develop something new. Instead of just relying on the data we have, he would try to collect data.   [29:26] Leyna agrees. She would like to build a prototype, understand how the capsule works, and find out whether the string down the esophagus is uncomfortable.   [33:41] Ryan suggests there is a doctor who would let them try the string test so they could see how it feels. Holly tried the string test at a major children's hospital while it was being researched. She doesn't want to ask her patients to do something she hasn't done, since she has the diagnosis too.   [30:37] Ryan comments that he enjoyed hearing about the process of the project.   [30:51] Ryan gives a quick recap: The esophageal string test is a tool to help monitor EoE. It is not a tool to diagnose EoE. If you or a loved one has EoE or suspect that you might, ask your clinician about the string test to see if it's an option for you.   [31:03] Holly adds: School science fairs are one way to bring education about eosinophilic disorders to schools. We love hearing about community science fairs and school projects that teach others about these conditions.   [31:13] For those of you looking to learn more about eosinophilic esophagitis, we encourage you to visit apfed.org/EoE.   [31:23] For those looking to find specialists who treat EoE, we encourage you to use APFED's Specialist Finder at apfed.org/specialist.   [31:30] Ryan thanks Leyna, Nhu, and Jaden for joining us today. Holly also thanks APFED's Education Partners Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda for supporting this episode.   Mentioned in This Episode: Dr. Robin Shandas Dr. Steven Ackerman “Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: Proceedings of the AGREE conference”   APFED on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram Real Talk: Eosinophilic Diseases Podcast apfed.org/specialist apfed.org/connections   Education Partners: This episode of APFED's podcast is brought to you thanks to the support of Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda.   Tweetables:   “Nhu and Jaden are my best friends. Recently, Nhu was diagnosed with EoE. I remember her telling us about the long diagnosis process. It took the doctors quite a long time to diagnose her because they thought it could be different conditions.” — Leyna   “I thought that this would be a meaningful project for us to learn more about Nhu's condition [of EoE].” — Leyna   “The students at our school didn't know much about EoE, but when they looked at the project board, they were shocked by how incredibly difficult it is to diagnose EoE.” — Jaden   “One of the main benefits of the string test is that endoscopies can be quite expensive, especially the anesthesia. It could be beneficial for people who don't have the money for an endoscopy.” — Nhu

In this episode of SpaceTime, we celebrate a major milestone in exoplanet discoveries, unravel the enigmatic surface of Venus, and delve into the intriguing tale of interstellar comet 3I ATLAS.Exoplanet Count Surpasses 6,000Astronomers have reached an impressive milestone, confirming their 6,000th exoplanet, a testament to the rapid pace of discoveries since the first detection of an exoplanet in 1995. This milestone not only highlights the evolving understanding of our galaxy but also raises questions about the myriad of planetary types discovered, from rocky planets to gas giants. While the hunt for Earth-like planets continues, the methods employed to discover these distant worlds remain a challenge, with fewer than 100 exoplanets directly imaged to date. The future holds promise with upcoming missions, including NASA's Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope, which aims to further uncover the secrets of our cosmic neighbourhood.Decoding Venus's Mysterious SurfaceScientists are making strides in understanding the peculiar features of Venus, particularly the crown-like structures known as coronae. A new study suggests these features may be the result of magma plumes attempting to break through the planet's crust. By mapping the paths of these magmatic bursts, researchers are shedding light on Venus's geological history and its stark contrast to Earth, despite their similarities in size and formation. The findings could help explain why Venus has become a hellish environment, devoid of life, while Earth thrives.Interstellar Comet 3I ATLASAstronomers have captured stunning new images of interstellar comet 3I ATLAS, revealing a prominent tail and glowing coma as it journeys through the inner solar system. These observations provide valuable insights into the comet's composition and behaviour, suggesting that it shares similarities with comets originating from our own solar system. As 3I ATLAS approaches the Sun, its increasing activity offers a unique opportunity for scientists to study material that formed around distant stars. The comet is expected to re-emerge in November, promising further observations and discoveries.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesNASA Exoplanet Science Institutehttps://exoplanets.nasa.gov/Proceedings of the National Academy of Scienceshttps://www.pnas.org/Gemini Observatoryhttps://www.gemini.edu/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.Exoplanet Count Surpasses 6,000Decoding Venus's Mysterious SurfaceInterstellar Comet 3I ATLAS

Is the classic forming, storming, norming, performing model wrong? In this episode of Nudge, Professor Colin Fisher challenges one of the most famous team-building frameworks and reveals what really drives teams to succeed. ---   Read Colin's book: https://colinmfisher.com/ Reading the Mind In the Eyes: https://embrace-autism.com/reading-the-mind-in-the-eyes-test/#test Sign up for my newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list  Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew-22213187/  Watch Nudge on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nudgepodcast/  --- Today's sources:  Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279. Riedl, C., Kim, Y. J., Gupta, P., Malone, T. W., & Woolley, A. W. (2021). Quantifying collective intelligence in human groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(21), e2005737118  Sherif, M. (1936). The psychology of social norms. Harper. Staw, B. M. (1975). Attribution of the "causes" of performance: A general alternative interpretation of cross-sectional research on organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13(3), 414–432.

In this episode of the Strategy Bridge Podcast, we are joined by Brian Kerg to talk about the School of Advanced Warfighting and the training of operational planners. Kerg is a Lt. Col. in the Marine Corps and the author of “Dare to Know: Pursuing the Path of the Operational Planner” in the August 2025 issue of the US Naval Institute's “Proceedings.”

Ever felt like your team isn't pulling its weight or sat through a meeting where nothing gets done? In this episode of Nudge, Professor Colin Fisher reveals why sometimes it's actually better to work alone than in a group. ---  Read Colin's book: https://colinmfisher.com/ Sign up for my newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list  Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew-22213187/  Watch Nudge on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nudgepodcast/  --- Today's sources:  Almaatouq, A., Alsobay, M., Yin, M., & Watts, D. J. (2021). Task complexity moderates group synergy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(36), e2101062118 Darley, J. M., & Bats on, C. D. (1973). “From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(1), 100–108. Wuchty, S., Jones, B. F., & Uzzi, B. (2007). The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science, 316(5827), 1036–1039.

Climate change and lake oxygenation Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Joachim Jansen explains how climate change altered cycles of oxygenation in lakes. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction. •[00:56] Limnologist Joachim Jansen introduces us to the cycles of oxygenation in lakes throughout the seasons. •[02:35] He describes previous hypothesis about climate change and lake oxygenation and introduces the methods and datasets of the study.  •[04:59] Jansen introduces the results of the study, including key differences between large and small lakes. •[06:54] He talks about the consequences of deoxygenation.  •[09:03] Jansen explains the caveats and limitations of the study. •[09:37] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Joachim Jansen Postdoctoral Researcher  University of Helsinki View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2426140122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

AP correspondent Julie Walker reports Luigu Mangione, charged with killing the United Healthcare CEO, is in court Tuesday.

Jason W. Moore discusses the problematic history of the nature-society divide, his alternative world-ecology approach and the challenges of building socialism.   Shownotes Jason's personal website: https://jasonwmoore.com/ Jason at Binghamtom University: https://www.binghamton.edu/sociology/faculty/profile.html?id=jwmoore The World-Ecology Research Collective: https://worldecologynetwork.wordpress.com/ https://www.researchgate.net/lab/World-Ecology-Research-Collective-Jason-W-Moore Moore, J. W., & Patel, R. (2020).  A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things. A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/817-a-history-of-the-world-in-seven-cheap-things Moore, J. W. (2015). Capitalism in the Web of Life. Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/74-capitalism-in-the-web-of-life for an overview of different approaches to conceptualizing society/capitalism and nature: https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/ecology-marxism-andreas-malm/ on Andreas Malm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Malm Malm, A. (2018). The Progress of this Storm. Nature and Society in a Warming World. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/574-the-progress-of-this-storm Malm, A. (2016). Fossil Capital. The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/135-fossil-capital Federici, S. (2004). Caliban and the Witch. Autonomedia. https://files.libcom.org/files/Caliban%20and%20the%20Witch.pdf on Ernst Haeckel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel see also the chapter on Haeckel and the German Monist League in: Gasman, D. (2017). The scientific Origins of National Socialism. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315134789/scientific-origins-national-socialism-daniel-gasman on Actor-Network Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory on Bruno Latour: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Latour on John Bellamy Foster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bellamy_Foster Bellamy, J. F. (2000) Marx's Ecology. Materialism and Nature. Monthly Review Press. https://ia904504.us.archive.org/9/items/526394/John%20Bellamy%20Foster.%20Marx%27s%20Ecology..pdf on Kohei Saito: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohei_Saito on Pietro Verri: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Verri Marx, K. (1976). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy. Volume One. Penguin. https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/Marxism/Capital%20-%20Vol.%201%20Penguin.pdf Marx's Theses on Feuerbach: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm Marx's and Engel's German Ideology: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ Marx's Capital Vol. 3.: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ Marx's On The Jewish Question: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/ on Alfred Sohn-Rethel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sohn-Rethel Machado, C. & Miguel, N. (2013). The Money of the Mind and the God of Commodities. The real abstraction according to Sohn-Rethel. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48961/1/MPRA_paper_48961.pdf on Donna Haraway: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Haraway on the “Special Period” in Cuba: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Period on James Lovelock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock Lovelock, J. (1979). Gaia. A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/gaia-9780198784883?cc=de&lang=en&# on “Social metabolism”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_metabolism on Raymond Williams: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Williams Smele, J. D. (2016). The ‘Russian' Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Ten Years that Shook the World. Hurst. https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/the-russian-civil-wars-1916-1926/ Engel-Di Mauro, S. (2021). Socialist States and the Environment. Lessons for Eco-Socialist Futures. Pluto Press. https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745340418/socialist-states-and-the-environment/ Amin, S. (1990). Delinking. Towards a Polycentric World. Zed Books. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/delinking-9780862328030/ on material and energy flow accounting: see the chapter on that topic in: Bartelmus, P. (2008). Quantitative Eco-nomics. How sustainable are our economies. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-6966-6 Zeug, W. (2025). INDEP talk with Walther Zeug: Democratic Economic Planning through Cybernetics & Holistic Accounting. https://youtu.be/I4_8_lDfwEw?si=J-kdRzjIehZqPgs0 Kula, W. (2016). Measures and Men. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691639079/measures-and-men Echterhölter, A. M. (2019). Quantification as Conflict. Witold Kula's Political Metrology and Its Reception in the West . Historyka : studia metodologiczne, 49, 117-141 . Article 9. https://journals.pan.pl/Content/114031/PDF/7%20ECHTERH%C3%96LTER.pdf on Max Weber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber on Double-entry bookkeeping: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping on “proletarian science”: Moore, J.W. (2025). Nature and other dangerous words: Marx, method and the proletarian standpoint in the web of life. Dialectical Anthropology. 49, 149–167. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-025-09775-x on Ecosystem services: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_service on the “Ecological footprint” concept: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint on Thomas Müntzer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer on the Royal Botanic Gardens/Kew Gardens: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_(Kew) on the Stakhanovite movement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakhanovite_movement on Cybernetics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics on Earth systems science: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science Selcer, P. (2018). The Postwar Origins of the Global Environment. How the United Nations Built Spaceship Earth. Columbia University Press. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-postwar-origins-of-the-global-environment/9780231166485/ Medina, E. (2014). Cybernetic Revolutionaries. Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile. MIT Press. https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Eden_Medina_Cybernetic_Revolutionaries.pdf on Cybernetics in the Soviet Union: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union on the Transitional demand: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_demand see also: Trotsky's The Transitional Program: https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/ on the Green New Deal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_New_Deal on the European Green Deal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Green_Deal on Geoengineering: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoengineering on Johan Rockström: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Rockstr%C3%B6m on Planetary boundaries: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary-boundaries.html Klein, N. (2015). This Changes Everything. Capitalism vs. the Climate. Penguin. https://thischangeseverything.org/book/ Kushi, S., & Toft, M. D. (2022). Introducing the Military Intervention Project: A New Dataset on US Military Interventions, 1776–2019. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 67(4), 752-779. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220027221117546 on Allen Dulles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Dulles on Reinhard Gehlen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen Talbot, D. (2016). The Devil's Chessboard. Allen Dulles, the CIA, and the Rise of America's Secret Government. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-devils-chessboard-david-talbot?variant=32207669559330 on the concept of the Deep State: Scott, P. D. (1996). Deep Politics and the Death of JFK. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/books/deep-politics-and-the-death-of-jfk/paper Scott, P. D. (2017). The American Deep State. Big Money, Big Oil, and the Struggle for U.S. Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. https://archive.org/details/americandeepstat0000scot/page/n5/mode/2up Good, A. (2022). American Exception. Empire and the Deep State. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781510769144/american-exception/ on the origin of the concept: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state_in_Turkey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susurluk_car_crash recently released files relating to the assassination of JFK on the website of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA): https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/release-2025 on the current state of knowledge on the Nord Stream Pipeline Explosion: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/what-is-known-about-nord-stream-gas-pipeline-explosions-2025-08-21/ on the Nord Stream Pipeline Explosion releasing massive Amounts of Methane: https://youtu.be/7KBsf7bX9Nc?si=tDIxlFFF2ThO6Aeb on Systems Dynamics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics the ‘Limits to Growth' Report, commissioned by the Club of Rome: https://www.clubofrome.org/publication/the-limits-to-growth/ the Club of Rome: https://www.clubofrome.org/ on Jay Wright Forrester: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester on the concept of the Anthropocene: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene on James C. Scott: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Scott Mies, M. & Bennholdt-Thomsen, V. (1999). The Subsistence Perspective. Beyond the Globalised Economy. Zed Books. https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/subsistence-perspective-9781856497763/ on the New Economic Policy (NEP): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy on the Belt and Road Initiative: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative Nachmani, A. (1990). Civil War and Foreign Intervention in Greece: 1946-49. Journal of Contemporary History, 25(4), 489–522. https://www.jstor.org/stable/260759 on the “Soft Coup against the Wilson Labour Government”: https://www.declassifieduk.org/a-possible-coup-against-the-labour-government/ https://www.mi5.gov.uk/history/the-cold-war/the-wilson-plot https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/mar/15/comment.labour1 on the actions of the US against North Korea in the Korean War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Korean_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_North_Korea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_biological_warfare_in_the_Korean_War on the Cultural Revolution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution on Mao's concept of the Mass Line: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch11.htm on Jung's concept of the Collective unconscious: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_unconscious on (Neo-)Malthusianism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malthusianism Ehrlich, P. R. (1971). The Population Bomb. Ballantine Books. http://pinguet.free.fr/ehrlich68.pdf Tainter, J. A. (1988). The Collapse of Complex Societies. Cambridge University Press. https://www.sustainable.soltechdesigns.com/Joseph-A-Tainter-The-collapse-of-complex-societies.pdf on Millenarianism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenarianism Enzensberger, H. M. (1978). Two Notes on the End of the World. New Left Review. I/110. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i110/articles/hans-magnus-enzensberger-two-notes-on-the-end-of-the-world Hansen, J. (2010). Storms of my Grandchildren. The Truth about the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity. Bloomsbury. https://www.bloomsbury.com/in/storms-of-my-grandchildren-9781408807460/ Sweezy, P.M. (1990). Monopoly Capitalism. In: Eatwell, J., Milgate, M., Newman, P. (eds) Marxian Economics. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-20572-1_44 on Technofeudalism: Varoufakis, Y. (2024). Technofeudalism. What Killed Capitalism. Penguin. https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/451795/technofeudalism-by-varoufakis-yanis/9781529926095 Durand, C. (2024). How Silicon Valley Unleashed Techno-feudalism. The Making of the Digital Economy. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/2790-how-silicon-valley-unleashed-techno-feudalism Culture, Power and Politics Podcast episode on the debate around the concept “Technofeudalism”: https://culturepowerpolitics.org/2025/07/04/is-capitalism-over-the-technofeudalism-debate/ Conservation International: https://www.conservation.org/ Earth League International: https://earthleagueinternational.org/ Rockström, J. et al. (2024). The Planetary Commons. A new Paradigm for Safeguarding Earth-regulating Systems in the Anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2301531121 the Trilateral Commission: https://www.trilateral.org/ the Earth Commission: https://earthcommission.org/ Johan Rockström's interview in the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/29/johan-rockstrom-interview-breaking-boundaries-attenborough-biden   Future Histories Episodes on Related Topics S3E44 | Anna Kornbluh on Climate Counteraesthetics https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e44-anna-kornbluh-on-climate-counteraesthetics/ S03E33 | Tadzio Müller zu solidarischem Preppen im Kollaps https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e33-tadzio-mueller-zu-solidarischem-preppen-im-kollaps/ S03E30 | Matt Huber & Kohei Saito on Growth, Progress and Left Imaginaries https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e30-matt-huber-kohei-saito-on-growth-progress-and-left-imaginaries/ S03E23 | Andreas Malm on Overshooting into Climate Breakdown https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e23-andreas-malm-on-overshooting-into-climate-breakdown/ S03E19 | Wendy Brown on Socialist Governmentality https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e19-wendy-brown-on-socialist-governmentality/   --- If you are interested in democratic economic planning, these resources might be of help: Democratic planning – an information website https://www.democratic-planning.com/ Sorg, C. & Groos, J. (eds.)(2025). Rethinking Economic Planning. Competition & Change Special Issue Volume 29 Issue 1. https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ccha/29/1 Groos, J. & Sorg, C. (2025). Creative Construction - Democratic Planning in the 21st Century and Beyond. Bristol University Press. [for a review copy, please contact: amber.lanfranchi[at]bristol.ac.uk] https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/creative-construction International Network for Democratic Economic Planning https://www.indep.network/ Democratic Planning Research Platform: https://www.planningresearch.net/ --- Future Histories Contact & Support If you like Future Histories, please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/join/FutureHistories Contact: office@futurehistories.today Twitter: https://twitter.com/FutureHpodcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/futurehpodcast/ Mastodon: https://mstdn.social/@FutureHistories English webpage: https://futurehistories-international.com   Episode Keywords #JasonWMoore, #JanGroos, #Interview, #FutureHistories, #FutureHistoriesInternational, #futurehistoriesinternational, #DemocraticPlanning, #DemocraticEconomicPlanning, #PoliticalEconomy, #History, #Revolution, #Revolutions, #Ecology, #Environmental, #Colonialism, #Imperialism, #Capitalism, #Economics, #DeepState, #WorldEcology, #NatureSocietyDivide, #KarlMarx, #Socialism, #Cybernetics

Breastmilk is Dynamic Cellular and transcriptional diversity over the course of human lactation This recent 2022 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Dr. Nyqiust and colleagues is a site for sore eyes. It offers a remarkable, high-resolution portrait of how the cellular landscape of human breast milk (hBM) shifts over time. The authors capture something both scientifically rich and uniquely human: the dynamic, living composition of milk as it adapts to the changing needs of mother and child. The abstract: "Human breast milk is a dynamic fluid that contains millions of cells, but their identities and phenotypic properties are poorly understood. We generated and analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to characterize the transcriptomes of cells from hBM across lactational time from 3 to 632 d postpartum in 15 donors. We found that the majority of cells in hBM are lactocytes, a specialized epithelial subset, and that cell-type frequencies shift over the course of lactation, yielding greater epithelial diversity at later points. Analysis of lactocytes reveals a continuum of cell states characterized by transcriptional changes in hormone-, growth factor-, and milk production-related pathways. Generalized additive models suggest that one subcluster, LC1 epithelial cells, increases as a function of time postpartum, daycare attendance, and the use of hormonal birth control. We identify several subclusters of macrophages in hBM that are enriched for tolerogenic functions, possibly playing a role in protecting the mammary gland during lactation. Our description of the cellular components of breast milk, their association with maternal–infant dyad metadata, and our quantification of alterations at the gene and pathway levels provide a detailed longitudinal picture of hBM cells across lactational time. This work paves the way for future investigations of how a potential division of cellular labor and differential hormone regulation might be leveraged therapeutically to support healthy lactation and potentially aid in milk production." (Nyquist et. al. 2022) And more information on breastmilk immunology and a recipe. Dr. M

Toads continue to amaze us - this time they are using their sense of the Earth's magnetic field to find their way home. But how important this sense is for cane toads as they travel home from long journeys, and how much are they relying on their sense of smell, was a mystery, until a clever new study tested the toads. Then we briefly touch on how pythons digest bones so successfully. Main Paper References: Fernandez RC, Sotelo MI. 2025. A toad's journey home: towards elucidating the neural and sensory basis of amphibian navigation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 292. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2025.0525. Shaykevich DA, Pareja-Mejía D, Golde C, Pašukonis A, O'Connell LA. 2025. Neural and sensory basis of homing behaviour in the invasive cane toad, Rhinella marina. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 292:20250045. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2025.0045. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Lignot J-H, Pope RK, Secor SM. 2025. Diet-dependent production of calcium- and phosphorus-rich ‘spheroids' along the intestine of Burmese pythons: identification of a new cell type? Journal of Experimental Biology 228:jeb249620. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.249620. Other Links/Mentions: Starr M. 2025.New Cell Discovered in Pythons Allows Them to Completely Digest Bones. Available at https://www.sciencealert.com/new-cell-discovered-in-pythons-allows-them-to-completely-digest-bones (accessed August 25, 2025). Editing and Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com

Plate tectonics tells us all about how the continents are drifting along at a centimeter or two a year, ever so gradually reshaping the surface of the earth, remaking the ocean floor, and causing earthquakes and volcanoes the world over. But what if it went a lot faster? In this episode, Todd and Paul chat with geophysicist Sarah Peterson about the CATASTROPHIC version of plate tectonics that has become the leading model of how the Flood happened. Sarah walks us through both the basic concepts of tectonics and how Catastrophic Plate Tectonics explains even more than the slow, conventional version. If you've ever wondered how volcanoes, earthquakes, and continental drift fit in the creation model, this episode is for you!Papers mentioned in this episodePetersen, Sarah and Baumgardner, John (2023) "Catastrophic Plate Tectonics and the Tectonics of Western North America," Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 9, Article 33.DOI: 10.15385/jpicc.2023.9.1.54Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol9/iss1/33Austin, Steven A.; Baumgardner, John R.; Humphreys, D. Russell; Snelling, Andrew A.; Vardiman, Larry; and Wise, Kurt P. (1994) "Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: A Global Flood Model of Earth History," Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 3, Article 56.Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol3/iss1/56Baumgardner, John R. (1994) "Computer Modeling of the Large Scale Tectonics Associated With the Genesis Flood," Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 3, Article 15.Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol3/iss1/15Baumgardner, John R. (1994) "Runaway Subduction as the Driving Mechanism for the Genesis Flood," Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 3, Article 14.Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol3/iss1/14

By Jonathan Selling Retired USN Commander Chuck Ridgway joins the podcast to discuss his article “What Imperial Germany Teaches About China's Naval Basing Ambitions,” which appeared in the May issue of Proceedings. Commander Ridgway is a retired U.S. Navy surface warfare and a reserve Africa foreign area officer. After leaving active duty, he worked for … Continue reading Sea Control 585: Imperial Germany and China's Basing Ambitions with Chuck Ridgeway →

Host Bill Hamblet talks with Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Warren about his article in the August issue of Proceedings.

Today we are all over the map. First: Elon, AI, and humanoid robots, with discussion of sex, the industrial revolution, specialization, the Pleistocene, feminism, men's work, porn, clankers, and vaping. Obviously. Then: are there differences between moral panics and social contagions, and is the current focus on pedophilia one or both? Finally: how widespread is fraud in science? It's not rare, and not merely the result of bad actors. Taking a game theoretic approach, authors of new research suggest that many scientists are defecting from honest scientific work for rational reasons.*****Our sponsors:Caraway: Non-toxic, beautiful, light ceramic cookware. Save $150 on a cookware set over buying individual pieces, and get 10% off your order at http://carawayhome.com/darkhorse10.Masa Chips: Delicious chips made with corn, salt, and beef tallow—nothing else—in loads of great flavors. Go to http://masachips.com/DarkHorse, use code DarkHorse, for 25% off.ARMRA Colostrum is an ancient bioactive whole food that can strengthen your immune system. Go to http://www.tryarmra.com/DARKHORSE to get 15% off your first order.*****Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.comHeather's newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.comOur book, A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://amzn.to/3AGANGg (commission earned)Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org*****Mentioned in this episode:Elon Musk and the AI fashion show: https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1958254084806578534Michael Tracey on moral panics: https://x.com/mtracey/status/1958299632703795348Richardson et al 2025. The entities enabling scientific fraud at scale are large, resilient, and growing rapidly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(32), p.e2420092122: https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.2420092122Support the show