Podcasts about rhetorica

Nigel Richards é o melhor jogador de "Scrabble" de todos os tempos, tendo decorado dicionários de inglês, francês e espanhol mesmo sem conhecer esses idiomas. O que a relação dele com as palavras nos conta sobre o ato de decorar e como isso pode ajudar o Danilo, com sua péssima memória, a aprender chinês? Este é mais um episódio do Escuta Essa, podcast semanal em que Denis e Danilo trocam histórias de cair o queixo e de explodir os miolos. Todas as quartas-feiras, no seu agregador de podcasts favorito, é a vez de um contar um causo para o outro. Não deixe de enviar os episódios do Escuta Essa para aquela pessoa com quem você também gosta de compartilhar histórias e aproveite para mandar seus comentários e perguntas no Spotify, nas redes sociais , ou no e-mail escutaessa@aded.studio. A gente sempre lê mensagens no final de cada episódio! ... NESTE EPISÓDIO •⁠ ⁠Tim Hume escreveu um raro perfil sobre Nigel Richards coletando informações de competidores, amigos e familiares. •⁠ ⁠Stefan Fatsis, jornalista do Wall Street Journal, é autora do livro "Word Freak: Heartbreak, Triumph, Genius, and Obsession in the World of Competitive Scrabble Players" ("Loucos por Palavras: Desilusões, triunfos, genialidade e obsessão no mundo dos jogadores de Scrabble", em tradução livre.) •⁠ ⁠Will Anderson, ex-campeão norte-americano de Scrabble, tem um canal sensacional no YouTube em que analisa partidas, torneios e principalmente momentos de Nigel Richards. Não deixe de ver esse vídeo sobre Nigel ganhando um torneio em espanhol, esse sobre Nigel vencendo um torneio em francês e esse sobre a vez em que Nigel foi mais inteligente do que um supercomputador. •⁠ ⁠Compilei as informações sobre o número de palavras aceitas no Scrabble em inglês e em espanhol com cada número de letras diretamente dos vídeos do Will Anderson: INGLÊS X ESPANHOL 2: 127 x 91 3: 1351 x 548 4: 5662 x 3509 5: 13018 x 12271 6: 23140 x 28148 7: 34506 x 53124 8: 42341 x 78295 9: 43180 x 98579 •⁠ ⁠"Da oratória" é um texto de Cícero de 55 a.C, enquanto a "Rhetorica para Herennium", de 80 a.C, tem autor desconhecido. •⁠ ⁠"Spelling Bee" é um dos jogos de palavras criados pelo New York Times. •⁠ ⁠Para aprender chinês usando os conceitos de "Palácio da Memória", Danilo está usando o aplicativo "HanziHero". ... AD&D STUDIO A AD&D produz podcasts e vídeos que divertem e respeitam sua inteligência! Acompanhe todos os episódios em aded.studio para não perder nenhuma novidade.

Another guest interview today on The Broken Copier: Marc Watkins, professor at the University of Mississippi, Director of the Mississippi AI Institute, and author of the blog Rhetorica—a go-to resource for thinking about artificial intelligence through the lens of education, particularly as classroom instructors. (Seriously: go check it out!)In this conversation, Marc shares his thinking and strategies around AI through a teaching lens: the challenges that educators are encountering, the advice and practices he shares in his work right now, and the mindset he believes is best for education going forward.For those looking to read more of Marc's writing on this topic, we highly recommend his recent series Beyond ChatGPT—with the first piece focusing on the missed conversation around AI's impact on reading.And as always, we love to hear your thoughts! Along with emailing or commenting, you can leave us an audio message for the next episode: fanlist.com/brokencopierFinally, thanks as always to: Alberto Lugo, one of Jim's former students, for writing and recording original intro music; Tom Csatari for allowing us to use his band's recording of “Woodstock” from their 2020 album, Garden; and Courtney Milavec for graphic design.Find Tom's work at uncivilizedtom.com, and on Instagram @banduncivilized.Find Alberto's work at djsynchro.weebly.com, and on Instagram @djsynchro. Have feedback? email us here: thebrokencopier@substack.com. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit thebrokencopier.substack.com

Writing is an endlessly useful skill in the business world. It can greatly help your ability to persuade, influence, and gain advocacy. We wanted you to learn from the best of the best when it comes to business writing, so we welcomed on Scott Keyser. He's The Writing Guy and the Author of Winner Takes All and Rhetorica. Listen to the full episode here.

This new episode of The BETWEEN Podcast features a sacred conversation between host Matt Mattson and author Gregory Coles, Ph.D. about his book No Longer Strangers. Gregory Coles is a tangle of identities: born in upstate New York, raised on the Indonesian island of Java, and now working as a freelance author and scholar in Idaho's Treasure Valley. He holds a PhD in English from Penn State and has been in love with language since age 8, when he started learning his older brother's SAT vocabulary words and reading Shakespeare's Hamlet. Greg's fiction and expository writing have been published by Penguin Random House and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. His academic research on rhetorics of marginality (how language works in society for disadvantaged groups) has appeared in College English and Rhetorica and in an edited collection from Cambridge University Press. His two memoirs, Single, Gay, Christian and No Longer Strangers, have earned awards that include a Foreword INDIES Award Finalist and an InterVarsity Press Readers' Choice Award. His newest book, a novel exploring the power of language to shape human thought, is The Limits of My World. Facebook Instagram Twitter Website

Today we're talking to Scott Keyser, the Writing Guy. With the right words you can sell anything — a product, service, idea, or even a belief. But understanding how to formulate the right words is a riddle only few people understand.  Scott Keyser is one of those few.A lifelong lover of the English language, Scott understands the power of words to move, bewitch and persuade. Since 2004 he's helped over 5000 professionals find their voice, write Human and get the results they want from the words they write.His clients include The Economist Group, all of the Big Four accounting firms, three international law firms and two barristers chambers.Scott helped Ernst & Young to double its tender win-rate and increased an international outsourcing company's tender win-rate from 14% to 71%, after just two days.He's the author of two groundbreaking books, winner takes all: on how to double your tender win rate, and rhetorica®. Wanting to share his secret with the world, he's created a system of 15 persuasive writing techniques. They're simple and they work.In this episode we dive deep into why learning to write well is so important, how to find your voice, how to stop writing in passive voice, and much more. If you're looking to improve your writing this episode is a must listen. Key Lessons:Read your writing out loud - this is one of the easiest ways to make sure your writing is goodGive yourself permission to write more conversationally - imagine you're explaining something to a friend. This will bring your voice into your writingLinks:Write for Results: https://writeforresults.com/Rhetorica: https://amzn.to/3KP19bzWinner Takes All: https://amzn.to/3ZM0wDO 

Writing is an endlessly useful skill in the business world. It can greatly help your ability to persuade, influence, and gain advocacy. Become a compelling writer by writing for your reader, finding your voice, focusing on structure, and proofreading. We wanted you to learn from the best of the best when it comes to business writing, so we welcomed on Scott Keyser. He's The Writing Guy and the Author of Winner Takes All and Rhetorica. And as always, if you need help in building your Marketing Smarts, don't hesitate to reach out to us at: ForthRight-People.com. FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/forthrightpeople.marketingagency INSTAGRAM https://www.instagram.com/forthrightpeople/ LINKEDIN https://www.linkedin.com/company/forthright-people/ WORKSHEETS https://www.forthright-people.com/worksheets VIRTUAL CONSULTANCY https://www.forthright-people.com/shop

How good is your writing at work? It's rather important. Think about your bids, pitches, presentations, Executive or Board papers, investment cases and, of course, emails. Too often writing is dry, technocratic, and overly complex. It makes it hard for the reader to understand in one go, or at all. It limits your ability to convince them of your thinking, and tarnishes your brand. In this podcast, Scott Keyser, the 'Writing Guy', shares his tips and lessons from working with companies over the last 30 years. He shows that it is a learnable skill for everyone If we start with the right mindset.You'll hear about: how to write with clarity and conciseness.achieving brevity without being brief. how to create space for flamboyance.why writing well doesn't mean dumbing down.the importance of preparation and planning. mistakes to avoid.who and what inspires him. About Scott:Scott Keyser is the "Writing Guy". He is the author of two books 'Winner Takes All: sevenand- a-half principles for winning more bids, tenders, and proposals' and 'rhetorica', which set out his writing system. He works with clients from professional services firms to start-ups to corporates (such as the Economist) to improve the way their write - to engage your market, convince your boss, win over buyers, investors, staff or suppliers. Resources:Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scottkeyser1/ Books: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Winner-Takes-All-Seven-half/dp/1907794506 and https://www.amazon.co.uk/Rhetorica-toolkit-everyday-writing-techniques-ebook/dp/B01MFDZ1QK/My resources:Sign up to my Strategic Leader newsletter (http://bit.ly/36WRpri) for stimuli, ideas, guidance and tips on how to lead your team, organisation or self more effectively, delivered straight to your inbox:  If you're not subscribed already do subscribe to my youtube channel (http://bit.ly/3cFGk1k) where you can watch the conversation.Take the Extraordinary Essentials test (https://bit.ly/3EhSKY5) to identify your strengths and development areas.For more details about me:★Services (https://bit.ly/373jctk) to CEOs, entrepreneurs and professionals.★About me (https://bit.ly/3LFsfiO) - my background, experience and philosophy.★Examples of my writing (https://bit.ly/3O7jkc7).★Follow me and engage with me on LinkedIn (https://bit.ly/2Z2PexP)★Follow me and engage with me on Twitter (https://bit.ly/36XavNI).

Greg is the author of Single, Gay, Christian: A Personal Journey of Faith and Sexual Identity (IVP, 2017) and No Longer Strangers: Finding Belonging in a World of Alienation (IVP, 2021). He holds a PhD in English from Penn State and works as a writer, speaker, and worship leader. His fiction and expository writing have been published by Penguin Random House and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; his academic research on rhetorical theory (how language works in society) has appeared in College English and Rhetorica and in an edited collection from Cambridge University Press. You can find most of his creative activities curated at gregorycoles.com. Episode Talking Points: What does "gay" mean? Does gay and same-sex attraction mean the same thing? How do you find a Christian community when you feel like you don't fit? What does it mean to no longer be a stranger? Why are words so important? Resources: Single, Gay, Christian No Longer Strangers --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/the-monday-christian/support

Dr. Gregory Coles is senior research fellow at The Center for Faith, Sexuality & Gender, and is the author of Single, Gay, Christian: A Personal Journey of Faith and Sexual Identity (IVP, 2017) and No Longer Strangers: Finding Belonging in a World of Alienation (IVP, 2021). He holds a PhD in English from Penn State and works as a writer, speaker, and worship leader. His fiction and expository writing have been published by Penguin Random House and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; his academic research on rhetorical theory (how language works in society) has appeared in College English and Rhetorica and in an edited collection from Cambridge University Press. You can find most of his creative activities curated at gregorycoles.com. Theology in the Raw Conference - Exiles in Babylon At the Theology in the Raw conference, we will be challenged to think like exiles about race, sexuality, gender, critical race theory, hell, transgender identities, climate change, creation care, American politics, and what it means to love your democratic or republican neighbor as yourself. Different views will be presented. No question is off limits. No political party will be praised. Everyone will be challenged to think. And Jesus will be upheld as supreme. Support Preston Support Preston by going to patreon.com Venmo: @Preston-Sprinkle-1 Connect with Preston Twitter | @PrestonSprinkle Instagram | @preston.sprinkle Youtube | Preston Sprinkle Check out Dr. Sprinkle's website prestonsprinkle.com Stay Up to Date with the Podcast Twitter | @RawTheology Instagram | @TheologyintheRaw If you enjoy the podcast, be sure to leave a review.

2022.01.29 – 0394 – Don't Fear The Silence “Pauses strengthen the voice. They also render thoughts more clear-cut by separating them.”Rhetorica ad Herennium - the oldest surviving Latin book on rhetoric, dating from the late 80s BC Broadcasters can fear silence. We want to have a wall of sound on air – music and talking, or music and talking. It causes some people to talk, without ‘saying anything', verbal diarrhoea just to keep the volume meter waggling on the studio desk.Silence doesn't mean ‘nothing'. It is an important communication tool which can mean as much as ‘something'. Constructive silence can be confident and comfortable, and create conversation. Destructive silence can be defensive and discourage discussion. Silences can be golden, or leaden.They can give us space to breath literally - and for the audience, metaphorically, letting significance sink in.Pauses possibly produce powerful performances, from increasing tension to enhancing jokes.But they can also be slow, boring, pregnant … or dead. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

"Undskyld, undskyld, undskyld!" Sådan lyder det måske snart fra diverse krænkere, efter endnu en runde MeToo-sager. Men det er ikke altid lige nemt at sige undskyld!Så hvordan gør man det, hvorfor gør man det, og hvorfor har nogle af de involverede parter så svært ved at gøre det?Dagens gæster er:Jakob Kemp Hessellund, partner i Kemp & Kjær, Kim Ege Møller, direktør i Rhetorica, Lisa Storm Villadsen, professor i kommunikation på Københavns Universitet, Therese Philipsen, journalist og forfatter.Vært:Filiz YasarTilrettelægger:Sarah Bech & Simon B. PorseRedaktør:Julie Kragh

Having whittled rhetorica down to 15 simple techniques (from 21), I've just had further endorsement from a client of their power.

Scott shares all 15 writing techniques, captured in three 5-letter acronyms.

What we as writers choose to focus on makes a world of difference to our empathy with the reader.

Phoebe Assenza is the founder of New York City, based, Rhetorica Creative - a branding agency focused on creating cutting edge content and messaging for top fintech brands. Phoebe has helped shape the brand narrative for the likes of Weight Watchers, JP Morgan Chase, and Nova Credit. Phoebe sits down with Chris to share how she learned the art of storytelling from a young age and how content plays an integral role in building successful brands.

A Memory Palace is an imaginary location in your mind where you can store mnemonic images. It has been used since ancient Rome, and is responsible for some quite incredible memory feats. Many studies have been conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the Memory Palace technique. It's all based on the scientific fact that your brain and spatial memory perceive space as a kind of image. The method of loci is also known as the memory journey, memory palace, or mind palace technique. This method is a mnemonic device adopted in ancient Roman and Greek rhetorical treatises (in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicero's De Oratore, and Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria). Memory Palace “Ars Memoriae” Great Expectation Mnemosyne: Lightweight Persistent Memory Memory Takes Hold Carl Jung Semantic Web ManMachine - Semantic Memory Intel | Architect of the Future Memory of Loci Mega-mix

Liber Primus - Capitula 18-27 Index earum rerum quae in hac parte aguntur: Capitulum 18: Confirmatio et Confutatio (Quarta pars orationis, confirmatio est "nostrorum argumentorum expositio cum adseveratione." Quinta pars orationis, confutatio est "contrariorum locorum dissolutio." Utraque pars pendet a constitutione causae.)  Capitulum 18-25: Constitutio (Constitutio est "prima deprecatio defensoris cum accusatoris insimulatione coniuncta." Tria sunt genera constitutionum: coniecturale, legitimum, iuridiciale.) Capitulum 26-27: Ratio (Ratio est "quae causam facit et continet defensionem," e.g. defensor: "Orestes non iniuria matrem suam occidit, quia illa patrem eius occiderat.") Firmamentum (Firmamentum est "quod continet accusationem, quod adfertur contra rationem defensionis." e.g. accusator: "At Clytemnestram indamnatam poenas pendere non oportuit.") Iudicatio (Iudicatio est ipsa iudicii quaestio quae ex ratione et firmamento nascitur, e.g. "Rectumne fuit sine iudicio a filio Clytemnestram occidi?") Quaedam de Rhetorica Ad Herennium generatim Liber qui inscribitur Rhetorica ad Herennium primum in lucem editus est (quantum conici potest) initio primi saeculi a.C.n., fere eodem tempore quo Cicero librum suum cui index est De Inventione composuit. Cicero habitus est scriptor huius Rhetoricae ad Herennium per medium aevum, sed inde ab tempore renatarum artium opinio hominum doctorum fert ut Cicero nullo modo auctor huius libri esse possit. Sunt qui putent Cornificium quendam rhetorem scripsisse. Controversiis de nomine auctoris relictis constat hunc librum primum esse Latine scriptum qui adhuc nobis integer restet et in quo ars rhetorica tractetur. (Alii sane libri antea Latine scripti sunt de hac arte rhetorica sed hi omnes perierunt.) Itaque multa et utilia et iucunda insunt quae possunt non modo nos docere de ipsa arte bene dicendi, sed etiam de eo genere sermonis quo magistri antiqui uti solebant docentes; nam et dispositione et argumento et stilo hic liber proxime accedit ad acroases hodiernas scholasticas (quas Anglice vocamus "lectures").  Totum opus divisum est in quattuor libros sive volumina. In hoc primo libro, auctor exponit officium oratoris, tria genera causarum, quinque facultates quibus omnis orator debeat uti in scribendo et dicendo, et sex partes uniuscuiusque orationis. Denique, quod inventio est quasi maxima facultas oratoris, auctor explicat quo pacto ea exerceatur in quaque parte orationis (praeter Conclusionem, quam tractandam differt in librum alterum). Infra in hac pagina invenientur nexus ad varias editiones, inter quas est adumbratio cuiusdam novae editionis nuperrime a nobis confecta, in qua, ut speramus, omnia sunt paulo facilius disposita atque divisa ad legendum et intellegendum. Editiones Utiles 1) Editio Totius Operis Loebensis:  Editio Loebensis 2) Editio Totius Operis In Usum Delphini (opus ipsum incipit circa paginam 300am) Editio In Usum Delphini 3) Adumbratio Editionis Novae Primi Libri ab Conrado Factae, in Qua Omnia Sunt Paulo Facilius Disposita atque Divisa ad Legendum et Intellegendum: Editio primi libri lectu facilior

Liber Primus - Capitula 12-17 Index earum rerum quae in hac parte aguntur: Capitulum 12-13: Narratio (Secunda pars orationis, narratio est "rerum gestarum aut proinde ut gestarum expositio." Tria sunt genera narrationis.) Capitulum 14-16: Narratio (Oportet narrationem tres res habere: ut brevis, ut dilucida, ut verisimilis sit.) Capitulum 17: Divisio (Tertia pars orationis, divisio est "per quam aperimus, quid conveniat, quid in controversia sit; et per quam exponimus, quibus de rebus simus acturi.")     Quaedam de Rhetorica Ad Herennium generatim Liber qui inscribitur Rhetorica ad Herennium primum in lucem editus est (quantum conici potest) initio primi saeculi a.C.n., fere eodem tempore quo Cicero librum suum cui index est De Inventione composuit. Cicero habitus est scriptor huius Rhetoricae ad Herennium per medium aevum, sed inde ab tempore renatarum artium opinio hominum doctorum fert ut Cicero nullo modo auctor huius libri esse possit. Sunt qui putent Cornificium quendam rhetorem scripsisse. Controversiis de nomine auctoris relictis constat hunc librum primum esse Latine scriptum qui adhuc nobis integer restet et in quo ars rhetorica tractetur. (Alii sane libri antea Latine scripti sunt de hac arte rhetorica sed hi omnes perierunt.) Itaque multa et utilia et iucunda insunt quae possunt non modo nos docere de ipsa arte bene dicendi, sed etiam de eo genere sermonis quo magistri antiqui uti solebant docentes; nam et dispositione et argumento et stilo hic liber proxime accedit ad acroases hodiernas scholasticas (quas Anglice vocamus "lectures").  Totum opus divisum est in quattuor libros sive volumina. In hoc primo libro, auctor exponit officium oratoris, tria genera causarum, quinque facultates quibus omnis orator debeat uti in scribendo et dicendo, et sex partes uniuscuiusque orationis. Denique, quod inventio est quasi maxima facultas oratoris, auctor explicat quo pacto ea exerceatur in quaque parte orationis (praeter Conclusionem, quam tractandam differt in librum alterum). Infra in hac pagina invenientur nexus ad varias editiones, inter quas est adumbratio cuiusdam novae editionis nuperrime a nobis confecta, in qua, ut speramus, omnia sunt paulo facilius disposita atque divisa ad legendum et intellegendum. Editiones Utiles 1) Editio Totius Operis Loebensis:  Editio Loebensis 2) Editio Totius Operis In Usum Delphini (opus ipsum incipit circa paginam 300am) Editio In Usum Delphini 3) Adumbratio Editionis Novae Primi Libri ab Conrado Factae, in Qua Omnia Sunt Paulo Facilius Disposita atque Divisa ad Legendum et Intellegendum: Editio primi libri lectu facilior

Liber Primus - Capitula 1-11 Index earum rerum quae in hac parte aguntur: Capitulum 1: Praefatio primi libri (Scriptor librum suum mittit sive dedicat cuidam viro nomine Gaius Herennius) Capitulum 2: Officium oratoris (Quid debeat orator agere); Genera causarum (Tria genera causarum sunt: demonstrativum, deliberativum, iudiciale) Capitulum 3: Orator ipse (Oportet esse in oratore: inventionem, dispositionem, elocutionem, memoriam, pronuntiationem. Orator potest haec adsequi arte, imitatione, exercitatione.) Capitulum 4: Inventio (Prima pars earum rerum quas orator debet habere, inventio est "excogitatio rerum verarum aut veri similium, quae causam probabilem reddant." Inventio in omnes sex partes orationis consumitur et est singulare artificium oratoris.) Capitulum 5-11: Exordium (Prima pars orationis, exordium est "per quod animus auditoris constituitur ad audiendum.")     Quaedam de Rhetorica Ad Herennium generatim Liber qui inscribitur Rhetorica ad Herennium primum in lucem editus est (quantum conici potest) initio primi saeculi a.C.n., fere eodem tempore quo Cicero librum suum cui index est De Inventione composuit. Cicero habitus est scriptor huius Rhetoricae ad Herennium per medium aevum, sed inde ab tempore renatarum artium opinio hominum doctorum fert ut Cicero nullo modo auctor huius libri esse possit. Sunt qui putent Cornificium quendam rhetorem scripsisse. Controversiis de nomine auctoris relictis constat hunc librum primum esse Latine scriptum qui adhuc nobis integer restet et in quo ars rhetorica tractetur. (Alii sane libri antea Latine scripti sunt de hac arte rhetorica sed hi omnes perierunt.) Itaque multa et utilia et iucunda insunt quae possunt non modo nos docere de ipsa arte bene dicendi, sed etiam de eo genere sermonis quo magistri antiqui uti solebant docentes; nam et dispositione et argumento et stilo hic liber proxime accedit ad acroases hodiernas scholasticas (quas Anglice vocamus "lectures").  Totum opus divisum est in quattuor libros sive volumina. In hoc primo libro, auctor exponit officium oratoris, tria genera causarum, quinque facultates quibus omnis orator debeat uti in scribendo et dicendo, et sex partes uniuscuiusque orationis. Denique, quod inventio est quasi maxima facultas oratoris, auctor explicat quo pacto ea exerceatur in quaque parte orationis (praeter Conclusionem, quam tractandam differt in librum alterum). Infra in hac pagina invenientur nexus ad varias editiones, inter quas est adumbratio cuiusdam novae editionis nuperrime a nobis confecta, in qua, ut speramus, omnia sunt paulo facilius disposita atque divisa ad legendum et intellegendum. Editiones Utiles 1) Editio Totius Operis Loebensis:  Editio Loebensis 2) Editio Totius Operis In Usum Delphini (opus ipsum incipit circa paginam 300am) Editio In Usum Delphini 3) Adumbratio Editionis Novae Primi Libri ab Conrado Factae, in Qua Omnia Sunt Paulo Facilius Disposita atque Divisa ad Legendum et Intellegendum: Editio primi libri lectu facilior

    Henry Hume, Lord Kames (1696-1782)       Henry Hume, Lord Kames was a distant relative as well as friend to David Hume, although they spell their names differently.  David Hume changed the spelling so that his English readers would pronounce it properly.  Henry Hume kept the original spelling H-O-M-E.               Unlike David Hume, Lord Kames did not go to university nor even have the benefit of a sojourn to France to broaden his education. Much more like Jane Austen’s Lizzie Bennet, Kames was born the third son out of nine children to a heavily indebted but well-respected family.  He was educated at home with his siblings and was apprenticed as a solicitor.  Unlike Lizzie Bennet, who faces limitations due to her gender, Kames was able to participate in a number of philosophical societies and gentlemen’s clubs.  He further expanded his knowledge through jobs such as Curator of the Advocates’ Library in Edinburgh which gave him access to a wealth of books.        There are a number of factors contributing to Kames success.  Clearly two of these factors were his talent and his drive.  Another was the luck of a long life.  Kames was born in 1696 and lived through much of the eighteenth century to the ripe age of 86.  Contemporaries commented on his remarkable good health in old age, the longevity of his memory, and his feisty personality.  Kames is quoted as saying of old age “why should I sit with my finger in my cheek waiting for death to take me?’  He did not specify which cheek.        After his apprenticeship he worked his way up through the judicial ranks to become a highly respected judge, which is how he acquired the title Lord—it was not a hereditary title but an honor associated with his work as a judge.  Lord Kames again like Lizzie Bennett benefited from a lucky marriage.  He waited until age 47 to finally decide to marry.  His bride, Agatha Drummond, an attractive socialite eleven years his junior came from the wealthy Blair Drummond family.  James Boswell’s journals praise her for her looks, conversational skills and sense of humor—high praise from Bozzie.  Agatha’s original marriage portion was a moderate £1000 without any prospects due to an older brother with a family of his own.  However in 1766, Agatha unexpectedly became heiress to the entire Blair Drummond estate upon the unfortunate death of her brother and his son.  Thereafter, she and her children styled themselves Home-Drummond to acknowledge her family’s legacy and her husband Kames actively worked to enjoy and care for the sumptuous estate.       The inheritance impacted Kames’ work by providing a country writing retreat.  He was a prolific writer with 8 legal histories, plus books on diverse subjects like agriculture, and political science.  His book with the greatest impact on the history of rhetoric and the subject of our talk today was Elements of Criticism.  Published in 1761, Elements of Criticism brought the Enlightenment’s “scientific” view of human nature to the critical evaluation of the fine arts.  I would like to highlight how this interesting eighteenth century text connects to some very recent conversations about multimodal, visual and spatial rhetorics.                 Elements of Criticism made a splash and was a bit controversial due to its expansive inclusion of the visual arts with belle lettres.  Developing a theory of criticism for the fine artsrequired Kames to take sides in debates about human nature, beauty, and human nature.  He is participating in these with writers like Frances Hutcheson, Thomas Reid, and Edmund Burke.  At the time he was writing the orthodox and moderate factions of the Presbyterian church were vying for power in Scotland.  Based on theological ideas going back to the Reformation, both sides had mixed feelings about the impact of visual arts like paintings and sculpture on the viewer. In some areas theater was illegal.          Most of Elements of Criticism engages with literary texts for its examples and illustrations but his methods take into account the multimodality of the work.  For example, Kames takes encourages readers to take into account the musical and melodic qualities of poetry in his analysis of meter.  In spite of the disapproval of theater in Edinburgh, he works in criticism of plays and operas—not just the librettos but also of the staging and sets tacitly indicating through these inclusions his views on theater debate.       For those listeners interested in spatial theory or rhetorics of space, Kames applies the final chapter of the book the criticism of gardening and architecture.  The chapter thinks about how progression through space and the arrangement of objects in space can influence the mind and especially the emotions.  Kames emphasizes the natural style of gardening over more ornate or fantastic styles.  He presents the ornate French gardens as an example of what not to do, and praises the harmony of Chinese models.       Many of Kames’s proscriptive and prescriptive critiques participate in a larger Scottish Enlightenment conversation about taste in which moderates posed that fine arts were acceptable if morally improving to the audience or reader.  In this argument the wealthier members of society had an obligation to develop their taste as a sort of moral education.  For Kames, taste could also be developed by the lower classes through proximity to and observation of tasteful public works.  This idea represents a synthesis of ideas about the human tendency towards imitation and new concepts of the moral sense.  This chapter along with Sir John Dalrymple’s Essay on Landscape Gardening popularized the natural garden trend in mid-eighteenth century Scotland.               Elements of Criticism had a lasting impact as a textbook well into the 19th century and was by no means confined to Scotland.  The work was quickly translated into German and appeared in the library of Emmanuel Kant.  It crossed the Atlantic where it was taught in rhetoric courses at Yale side-by-side with texts by authors like Hugh Blair and George Campbell, according to the research of Gregory Clark.         To close our discussion of Elements of Criticism I would like to bring things back to the author himself.  Lord Kames, after all, did not have the benefit of a formal education, nor did he have the restrictions.  Although his writing is clear, he does not aspire to the heights of rhetorical eloquence.  In his judicial practice he was well known for using casual and even ribald language with his colleagues.  According to local legend, Kames at his retirement took leave of his colleagues with a cheery “Fare ye a’weel, ye bitches!”       Thanks for listening to our podcast today.  This is Connie Steel at the University of Texas for Mere Rhetoric.           Chambers, Robert.  Traditions of Edinburgh, Vol 2.  Edinburgh:  W. & C. Tait 1825, p 171.   Googlebooks Web.        Clark, Greg.  “Timothy Dwight's Moral Rhetoric at Yale College, 1795–1817.” Rhetorica:  A Journal of the History of Rhetoric.  Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring 1987) pp 149-161.   Home, Henry, Lord Kames. Elements of Criticism.  Edited with an Introduction by Peter Jones (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2005). 2 Vols.  www.libertyfund.org May 31, 2015. Web.       Lehmann, William C. Henry Home, Lord Kames, and the Scottish Enlightenment: A Study in National Character and in the History of Ideas.  The Hague:  Martinus Hijhoff, 1971.  (International Archives of the History of Ideas.  Info on Agatha and the family, on Agatha p 64-65.  “Bitches” 135 (from Chambers).       Miller, Thomas.  “The Formation of College English:  A Survey of the Archives of Eighteenth-Century Rhetorical Theory and Practice.”  Rhetoric Society Quarterly.  Vol. 20, No. 3 (Summer, 1990) pp 261-286.                          

We begin this episode in Pooh Corner, where we try to answer the following question posed to Warren by a fortune cookie: how much deeper would the ocean be without sponges? You may think you know the answer, but our discussion should make you think twice, as we vacillate between rather determined answers of "a bit", "not at all", and even a rather persuasive "maybe it would even get shallower without sponges". And if you think you've got sponges cased, how about lobsters? It turns out this is a really complex question. In the end we settle on a satisfyingly vague set of two solutions: either "maybe," or "it depends". So now you know. If you have a similarly vexing fortune cookie riddle, let us know by email (maskedman@limitedappeal.net) – we're always happy to solve our listener's problems. Theme music courtesy of Mugison and Ipecac Recordings.