History of the Marine Corps

As Marines advanced across Saipan, the naval battle for the Marianas reached a critical turning point. On June 19, despite dominating enemy aircraft in the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot," American ships faced Japanese coastal artillery and nighttime air raids. Meanwhile, Admiral Spruance launched a daring, long-range strike against retreating Japanese carriers, dealing devastating blows but suffering heavy aircraft losses. On Saipan itself, fierce ground fighting continued, with Marines battling stubborn Japanese defenses across rugged terrain, while rising tension between Marine and Army commanders foreshadowed controversial command decisions ahead. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

With Saipan's beaches secured but far from safe, Marines now faced the brutal inland fight. The Japanese launched desperate tank assaults near Red Beach with the goal of driving Americans back into the sea. Marine bazooka teams and grenadiers met the threat head-on. By dawn, the cost was clear: hundreds of enemy dead, rising Marine casualties, and the realization that Saipan would be a grinding, bloody fight. Reinforcements landed, artillery emplacements expanded, and command began shifting ashore. With the beachhead now stable, the Marines prepared for the next brutal push inland toward ridgelines, sugar mills, and enemy strongholds. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

Across the Pacific, Marines had fought fiercely to gain strategic positions that put Tokyo within reach. But the road had been costly, each step paid for in blood, sweat, and sacrifice. Now, all eyes were on the Marianas, a critical chain of islands that would determine the next phase of the war.  This episode dives into the complex planning and intense buildup to the Saipan invasion. We'll walk through the strategic debates between military leaders whose decisions shaped the Pacific campaign. We'll see how reconnaissance shortfalls and underestimated enemy strength set the stage for one of the toughest fights Marines had yet encountered.  Most importantly, we'll join the Marines themselves, landing under merciless artillery fire, facing relentless resistance, and overcoming chaotic conditions to gain a fragile foothold. Their determination amid confusion and heavy losses highlights why Saipan remains one of the Corps' defining moments. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

The Marines barely had time to catch their breath after Kwajalein before their attention shifted northwest to Enewetak Atoll. Four islands in particular stood as crucial targets, heavily defended by thousands of Japanese troops racing to build defenses strong enough to repel any invasion.  Initially, commanders planned the attack for months later, but fresh aerial reconnaissance and captured enemy maps showed that waiting would only strengthen Japanese defenses. With detailed intelligence and thousands of battle-tested Marines at their disposal, commanders swiftly made their decision: hit Enewetak immediately.  As Marines stormed beaches through heavy naval bombardment and air strikes, they quickly realized they'd underestimated the enemy strength—setting the stage for one of their toughest fights yet in the Pacific. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

At Kwajalein and Roi-Namur, months of rehearsals, better intel, and hard-earned Tarawa lessons came together. The 4th Marine Division, fresh off the boat from Pendleton, made its combat debut alongside Army units already blooded in the Aleutians. They landed under real air cover, backed by real logistics, and fought smart, clearing bunkers with tanks and torches instead of charging into fire. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

After the brutal learning curve at Tarawa, the Marine Corps came into this fight prepared, equipped, and determined to lead the next phase of the war. For the first time, their landings were backed by meaningful fire support and rehearsed coordination. The chaos of earlier battles gave way to calculated strikes. This episode follows their path from the surf of Roi-Namur to the contested terrain of Kwajalein. Along the way, we'll explore the courage that carried them forward, the lessons that reshaped their doctrine, and the heroism that defined this campaign. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

The initial assault was chaotic—coral reefs slowed the approach, landing craft were wrecked, and units came ashore under heavy fire. But by the second and third days, the situation began to change. Officers like Shoup, Edson, and Jones made key decisions, reinforcements came in, and tanks managed to cross the reef. Despite exhaustion and limited ground, the Marines pushed inland. Today's episode focuses on that shift—from securing the beach to pressing the attack. We'll look at how the 1st Battalion 8th Marines broke through, how Crowe and Jones coordinated flanking movements, and how tanks helped turn the momentum. We'll also cover the Japanese night assaults and the close-quarters fighting that defined the battle's turning point. Tarawa remained brutal, but these days marked the start of a hard-fought advance. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

We just finished the brutal slog through the Solomons, and now we're following the Central Pacific drive straight into Tarawa. This wasn't jungle fighting, it was open beach and shallow reefs, turning a straightforward landing into a nightmare. Marines found themselves stranded, wading through chest-deep water under relentless fire. Communication fell apart, and every yard gained came at a heavy cost. Today, we're diving into the chaos and courage at Tarawa. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

In this episode, we dive into the coordinated landings on the Treasury Islands, the daring Choiseul raid, and the brutal jungle fighting that followed. From LSTs taking direct hits at Falamai to a New Zealand bulldozer operator burying a live pillbox under fire, the stakes were high from the first wave. We'll follow Loganforce's stand at Soanotalu, the deception that tied down enemy forces at Choiseul, and the calculated push through Green Island and Emirau that sealed off Raball. With PT boats patrolling tight waters, Seabees building airfields under fire, and Marines fighting in thick jungle, the campaign isolated Japan's strongest forward base and opened the road to the Philippines. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

In December, Marines fought one of their toughest battles on Bougainville—securing Hellzapoppin Ridge. This heavily fortified enemy stronghold loomed over Marine lines, threatening the expanding perimeter. For over a week, the fight raged in the thick jungle, where Marines faced relentless enemy fire and near-impenetrable defenses. Artillery barrages, airstrikes, and unyielding infantry assaults eventually broke the Japanese hold, but the cost was high. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

In November 1943, U.S. Marines fought a brutal series of battles on Bougainville, pushing to secure key high ground. One of the toughest fights was at “Grenade Hill,” where Marines faced relentless grenade attacks before the Japanese finally abandoned their position. By the end of November, the Marines had secured the high ground, breaking Japanese resistance and ensuring control over the expanding perimeter. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

By early November 1943, the Japanese launched a desperate counteroffensive to reclaim Bougainville. Their plan called for a large-scale infiltration behind Marine lines, followed by a full assault. The Marines' quick response and overwhelming firepower shattered the enemy's ambitions. Artillery and airstrikes devastated Japanese forces, while the Raiders and 9th Marines held the crucial Piva Roadblock against repeated attacks. The battle saw acts of incredible bravery, including the sacrifice of PFC Henry Gurke. By the end of November, the Marines had secured their perimeter, and positioned themselves for the next phase of the Bougainville campaign. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

This episode dives into the planning and execution of the amphibious assault at Cape Torokina. From complex logistical challenges to the intense combat on the beaches, we cover how Task Force 31 and IMAC coordinated this massive operation. We also discuss the key engagements that followed the landing, including Sergeant Robert A. Owens' heroic assault on a fortified 75mm gun position, the bloody close-quarters combat that unfolded, and the strategic countermeasures taken to repel Japanese counterattacks. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

By late 1943, the Allies had turned the tide in the Pacific, but one significant stronghold still loomed. In Japan's most critical South Pacific base, Rabaul served as a launch point for air and naval operations across New Guinea and the Solomons. Instead of a costly direct assault, Allied planners devised a strategy to neutralize Rabaul through isolation, cutting off its supply lines and rendering it ineffective.  Bougainville became the next step in this plan, providing airfields and a staging ground for the final push. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

By mid-1943, the Allies were advancing through the Solomons, pushing toward Rabaul. After securing Guadalcanal and New Georgia, their next target was Vella Lavella. Unlike previous battles, the Japanese opted to withdraw rather than defend the island outright, but the fight was far from easy. Marines, Seabees, and New Zealand forces faced logistical chaos, relentless air attacks, and fierce resistance from the remaining enemy troops. As U.S. forces established a foothold, Japanese commanders launched a last-ditch evacuation, leading to a violent clash. Vella Lavella proved the growing strength of Allied coordination, air superiority, and adaptability in island warfare. With the island secured, the path to Bougainville, and ultimately Rabaul, was open. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

By July 7, the Marines' push toward Enogai had slowed to a crawl. Thick jungle, relentless enemy fire, and brutal terrain turned every step into a fight. Runners risked their lives to keep communication going, while corpsmen worked tirelessly to save the wounded. When the Raiders captured a map of enemy defenses, Liversedge saw his chance. The 1st Raider Battalion launched a full-scale assault, smashing through machine-gun nests and mortar fire. By day's end, Enogai was theirs, cutting off a key Japanese supply line. But the cost was high, and the battle for New Georgia was far from over. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.  

The Solomon Islands campaign was a turning point in the Pacific War, pushing the Marines to their limits in a relentless battle against both the Japanese and the unforgiving environment. This episode focuses on the critical role the Marines played in the grueling fight for New Georgia, where dense jungles, endless rain, and a determined enemy tested their resolve. As part of Operation TOENAILS, the Marines spearheaded daring assaults, pivotal for advancing the strategically vital Munda airfield. Alongside Coastwatchers and local guides, the Marines relied on bravery, ingenuity, and sheer grit to overcome fortified enemy positions and treacherous terrain. These hard-fought victories shaped the outcome of the New Georgia campaign and set the stage for the eventual Allied push toward Japan. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

In the summer of 1943, the New Georgia campaign tested the grit and resilience of the Marine Corps. Tasked with securing the Solomon Islands, they battled relentless jungle terrain, torrential rains, and fierce Japanese defenses. From daring raids at Segi Point to artillery bombardments on Munda, Marines executed amphibious assaults and tank-infantry breakthroughs, securing strategic positions and leaving a lasting mark on the Pacific War and Marine Corps history. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

  This episode explores the pivotal Solomon Islands campaign during the Pacific War, highlighting the grueling battles in New Georgia. Amid relentless jungle terrain, torrential rains, and fierce Japanese resistance, the Marines displayed unmatched resolve. Operation TOENAILS marked the turning point, with daring assaults on critical locations like Munda Airfield and Rendova Island. Supported by Coastwatchers and local guides, the Marines overcame fortified positions to secure strategic victories. These hard-fought gains not only weakened Japan's hold in the Pacific but also set the stage for future Allied advances toward Rabaul and beyond. ************* Visit HistoryoftheMarineCorps.com to subscribe to our newsletter, explore episode notes and images, and see our references. Follow us on social media for updates and bonus content: Facebook and Twitter (@marinehistory) and Instagram (@historyofthemarines). This episode is sponsored by Audible. Visit AudibleTrial.com/marinehistory for a free audiobook and a 30-day trial.

The US Army's arrival brought reinforcements and a reorganization of American troops. New tactics, like flamethrowers and enhanced naval gunfire, were introduced, though terrain and enemy fortifications remained challenging. The 1st Marine Division, weakened by malaria and extended combat, was finally relieved and sent to Australia for some much-needed rest. We end the episode by touching on how Guadalcanal advanced amphibious warfare doctrines and technology and improved coordination between military branches.

This episode dives into the strategic reorganization of American forces during the Guadalcanal campaign. The 164th Infantry and 7th Marines, positioned in the East Sector, tackled the harsh terrain as they encircled the enemy. Company B of the 8th Marines in the West Sector was crucial in securing vital artillery positions. Central to the operation's success was the 2nd Raider Battalion. Known for their bold patrolling tactics, their objective was to ambush and attack the enemy unpredictably. Yet, despite their strategic prowess, some Japanese forces slipped away due to communication and coordination hiccups. We'll also spotlight the pivotal naval and air battles that cut off Japanese supply lines, focusing on the decisive role of American aviation based at Henderson Field. This relentless air pressure prompted Japan to shift its strategy from trying to recapture Guadalcanal to sustaining and extracting its forces. Additionally, we'll cover the deployment of war dogs and the crucial reconnaissance missions undertaken by the 2nd Raider Battalion.

The episode will explore the intense engagements, including the Matanikau Phase, where American forces repelled Japanese attacks with strategic positioning and artillery. We'll discuss the heroic acts of individuals like John Basilone, who earned the Medal of Honor, and the leadership shifts that marked a turning point in the battle.

Following the initial engagement with the Ichiki Force, the Marines braced for more severe Japanese attacks along with ongoing air raids and bombardments. Despite limited resources, the Cactus Air Force, comprising Marine, Navy, and Army Air Force units, demonstrated remarkable resilience and efficiency.  This episode explores the harsh realities at Henderson Field, from crude refueling methods to the vulnerability of the airfield to weather and enemy actions. Despite these challenges, significant progress was made in infrastructure and defense capabilities, enhancing the airfield's functionality and resilience. We also dive into a few battles and introduce the one and only Chesty Puller as he leads his Marines against Japanese forces.

Continuing from last week, we focus on Vandergrift and his Marines as they struggle with insufficient supplies and limited intelligence. This episode sets the stage for the Battle of the Tenaru, detailing the Marines' defensive tactics and hurdles while taking an in-depth look at the fight. 

This episode shifts focus from Yoke's journey toward Tulagi to Task Group X-Ray's approach to Beach Red on Guadalcanal, marking the first land offensive by American forces in WWII. The Marines, much like in Tulagi, were confronted with a stark difference between the intelligence they possessed and the actual situation on Guadalcanal. Their reliance on old sailing charts and the varied and often inaccurate accounts from ex-residents led to an essential shift in their strategy. The episode wraps up by considering the wider impact of the Guadalcanal Campaign, underscoring the challenges the Marines faced, including the lack of supplies, logistical hurdles, and the imperative need to adapt quickly to the unpredictable and adverse conditions they encountered.

This episode follows the approach of Transport Group Yoke towards Tulagi. The initial bombardments by supporting aircraft and naval vessels set the stage for the Marines' landing. Once ashore, we'll discuss the challenging terrain of Tulagi and the tactical advances of the 1st Marine Raider Battalion and 2/5, as they navigate the island's ridges and confront enemy forces.   I'll release images to help visualize the battlefield. They can be found on our social media sites or the episodes page below: https://www.historyofthemarinecorps.com/episodes/guadalcanal-and-tulagi-part-2 ·       Images 1-3 (2:12): These maps show Transport Group Yoke's advancement towards Tulagi, detailing their landing area and offering an overview of the neighboring islands   ·       Map 4 (7:15): Advancement of the 1st Marine Raider Battalion Towards Phase Line A. ·       Map 5-6 (11:31): Follows the Marine's advance beyond Phase Line A, heading towards Hills 208 and 281. ·       Maps 7-8 (17:30): Maps of Gavutu and Tanambogo, location of enemy caves and unit movement

The Solomon Islands campaign during World War II was a pivotal moment in the Pacific Theater, marking the first major Allied offensive against the Japanese forces. This eight-part series will focus on a series of land and naval battles in the lower Solomons that were crucial in turning the tide of war in favor of the Allies.  The Guadalcanal campaign was characterized by intense and grueling warfare, both in the dense jungles and across the vast ocean. This episode explores not only the tactical maneuvers and strategic decisions that shaped this campaign but also emphasizes the resilience, valor, and sacrifices of the Marines involved.  

Amid the potential of the US entering WWII, American Samoa emerged as a linchpin in the Pacific defense strategy. With tensions rising and rumors of a Japanese attack swirling, the Marines swiftly fortified the island, constructing defenses, coastal emplacements, and antiaircraft positions. To bolster their forces, the Marines established the 1st Samoan Battalion, comprising native recruits who played an instrumental role in defending their homeland. The Marines' presence in Samoa grew to over 10,000 strong, transforming the islands into a training ground for future battles. Their efforts helped safeguard communication routes and acted as a deterrent against potential aggression.

During World War II, Iceland gained strategic significance due to its proximity to Europe and North America. When Germany invaded Denmark in April 1940, Britain realized the importance of preventing a similar invasion of Iceland and decided to occupy the island. However, their occupation was short-lived, as they had to return to defend against Germany's planned attack on the United Kingdom. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sought help from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to safeguard Iceland. In response, the United States sent Marines to Iceland five months before officially entering the war.

In this episode, we finish up our series on the history of desegregation in the Marines. We begin with a few stories about the Korean War, the continuing issue with the stewards MOS, racial tensions in the Vietnam War, and end with Desert Storm. 

In this episode, we explore the journey of the Montford Point Marines during WWII. After training, they prepared to join their brothers in arms in the Pacific. We delve into the organization of the 51st and 52nd battalions, some milestones, their involvement in the war, and a few heroic stories. 

Montford Point was established in 1942, and this is the perfect time to take a break from the Pacific and focus the next few episodes on the history of desegregation in the Marine Corps. Marines at Montford Point overcame substantial hurdles to serve in the Corps. They were enlisting in a branch that literally didn't want them (Holcomb confirmed this in testimony before the General Board of the Navy, where he concluded with the claim that they were trying to "break into a club that doesn't want them.") Montford Point Marines also had to overcome the doubt that they could meet the standards of the Corps. Hashmark Johnson, the recruit depot battalion Sergeant Major, trained his recruits hard to ensure there was no question that Marines produced in his depot would exceed the standards set by the Corps.

The Battle of Bataan and Corregidor comes to an end during this episode. This episode discusses the island surrender, some heroic stories from Marines on Corregidor, and statistics about the battle. 

Japanese forces occupied most of Luzon, and US/Philippine forces withdrew south to establish a defensive line. 72 officers and 1173 enlisted from more than 50 organizations joined the 4th Marines. This made them one of the most diverse Marine units ever to have existed. Despite the additional reinforcements, many newcomers to the 4th were sailors and didn't have experience with ground warfare. Marines were stuck between a rock and a hard place. In addition to fighting off the enemy, they had to train new troops on the basics, including how to load a rifle. 

This episode continues our discussion in the Philippines. Most of the 4th Marines were positioned on Corregidor, a small, tadpole-shaped island in the mouth of Manila Bay. Japan's domination of air and sea cut off food and supplies to the peninsula's defenders. By April 1942, many troops had lost as much as a third of their body weight.

Kevin Sadaj served in the Marine Corps from 1989 to 1993 and participated in Operation Restore Hope. In 2011 he cofounded the Marine Somalia Veterans Association, which has over 2000 members. The association serves as a place of fellowship and support for members who served in Somalia and is a repository of the history of their experiences.   Website: https://marinesomaliavetsassociation.home.blog Membership: https://marinesomaliavetsassociation.home.blog/membership Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/USMCSomaliaVetsAssn  

A coordinated raid targeted US installations in the Philippines shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan's invasion caused US forces to withdraw and led to indefensible brutalities, such as the infamous Bataan Death March. Part 1 of this series looks at the battle's opening days from the Marine Corps perspective.

The attack on Guam came only a few hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The island's defending force was significantly undergunned against the 5,500 troops from Japan's South Seas Detachment. We spend a little time talking about the amusing way Guam came into US possession, attempts to fortify Guam, and the Japanese attack on the island.

This episode continues our discussion on the Battle of Wake. After Japan's initial attack, all hands on the island prepared for a second raid. We'll discuss Japan's first attempt at an amphibious landing, Japanese air raids in the days following, and end with Wake's surrender.

This episode digs into the attacks on Midway and Wake.

During this episode, we break down events leading to Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor, the planning that went into the attack, Japan's voyage across the Pacific Ocean, and of course, Marine activity during the attack.

We cover a lot in this episode, including the fall of many neutral countries, Italy and Japan officially aligning with Germany, and preparations made by the Corps before the US officially entered the war. On December 8th, President Roosevelt delivered his famous "Day of Infamy speech." It's included at the end of the episode.

This episode discusses a few events leading up to World War II, including the rise of European dictatorship and military control in Japan. We briefly cover how the rest of Europe reacted to Hitler seizing territory and end the episode with Germany's invasion of Poland.

A few years before the United States entered World War I, the Navy started playing with the idea of planes. Marine 1st Lieutenant Alfred A. Cunningham was one of the first pilots to attend training in Maryland and helped design a Marine aviation program. Marines who followed in his footsteps developed or perfected many tactics still used today. We start the episode in 1911 and talk about how aviation contributed to World War I, the Banana Wars, and the start of WWII.

This episode closes the chapter on Marine Corps activity during the 20 years between wars. Concepts we're familiar with today - such as training, officer assessments, organizational structure, and aviation - saw significant improvements, and we touch on some of those topics during this episode.

We talk about Marines in China after WWI, the six commandants who led the Corps in the 20 years leading up to WWII, and touch on improvements of the Corps, including creating the Fleet Marine Force, better training, and establishing the Marine Corps birthday as we know it today.

Shortly after the Allied Powers claimed victory in World War I, the happiness U.S. citizens felt soon turned into disillusionment, and many questioned the purpose of the war. Millions of people died, and it wasn't clear what problems were solved. In the years leading up to WWII, pacifism became the fastest-growing movement in America. This antiwar sentiment had a considerable impact on the Marine Corps, and they had to take drastic steps to maintain a competent fighting force. This episode discusses the Marine Corps significant cut in manpower, their attempt to bring in recruits using sports, defining an officer promotion selection board, and dealing with crime sprees in the United States.

This battle is the last and most significant U.S. troops fought during WWI. We discuss the preparation leading up to the fight, some of the challenges both U.S. and German troops faced, and how both sides handled the armistice when they received the news. We end the episode by talking about some of the statistics on the war.

This battle was one of the bloodiest the Marines faced during WWI. We discuss the actions of the 5th and 6th Marines, including a disorderly retreat by the 5th Regiment. James Gregory wrote an excellent article about it in the latest issue of the MCU Press Marine Corps History. Check it out here: https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/MarineCorpsHistory_vol7no2_Winter2021_web%20%282%29.pdf