Podcasts about endothermic

Michael chats with Tracie Wagman, CEO of ColdVest. In this episode, Michael and Tracie discuss ColdVest and how it addresses the growing issue of heat-related deaths, the benefits of ColdVest and its endothermic technology, how Tracie sees ColdVest evolving in the future, and much more. This episode is sponsored by ColdVest, ColdVest.com.

From flash freezes to flash floods, climate intervention operations are nothing less than weather warfare. The climate engineers are chemically cooling the continental US wherever and whenever they have enough atmospheric moisture available. Endothermic reacting elements are seeded into cloud canopies to initiate manufactured winter weather operations, flash surface cool-downs are the result. Patented processes of chemical ice nucleation cloud seeding are creating "snowstorms" of frozen material at lower elevations that would otherwise have received only rain. The frozen material that falls often has very different characteristics as compared to naturally nucleated snow. At their discretion the climate engineers can then manipulate warmer moisture flows of atmospheric moisture into regions buried under chemical snow, flooding is the result. What will it take to awaken the masses to the climate intervention operations? The latest installment of Global Alert News is below.

Mike McConkey of Surface Combustion discusses the RX® endothermic gas generator and endothermic gas generation. Surface Combustion is a leading supplier of controlled-atmosphere equipment for heat treating. Surface invented the Allcase® batch integral-quench furnace and the RX® endothermic gas atmosphere generator. Listen to answers to frequently asked questions.

The observer effect? Rotating bodies? The science of rocket fuel? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Gary O'Reilly and Chuck Nice answer science questions from our favorite pro athletes: Jerry Rice, Lindsey Vonn, Eli Manning, and more!NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.Thanks to our Patrons Ken Abe, Al Long, Chloe Rudel-Holland, Sara, Rafał Żak, Alexander Whisnant, and Galactic Raven for supporting us this week.Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

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Our episode starts with a clarification of using the terms thermodynamically favored vs spontaneous (1:19). To determine if a reaction is thermodynamically favored, we calculate Gibbs Free Energy using the Gibbs Free Energy of formation (2:45). Taking a closer look at Gibbs Free Energy we relate it to enthalpy and entropy and look at four different situations: exothermic and increase in entropy as well as endothermic and decrease in entropy don’t require calculations (3:37). But what if I have a reaction that is endothermic but increases entropy (5:46) or a reaction that is exothermic and decreases entropy (6:36)? We have to take the temperature into account!Question: What is the standard state for a solution in terms of concentration?Thank you for listening to The APsolute RecAP: Chemistry Edition!(AP is a registered trademark of the College Board and is not affiliated with The APsolute RecAP. Copyright 2021 - The APsolute RecAP, LLC. All rights reserved.)Website:www.theapsoluterecap.comEMAIL:TheAPsoluteRecAP@gmail.comFollow Us:INSTAGRAMTWITTERFACEBOOKYOUTUBE

Hello! Welcome to another episode of our podcast!The structure you see on the image, is a "yakhchal" an ingenious Ancient Persian structure that creates really cold storage larders, in the middle of the baking hot desert! What could call itself the first ice cream cup was found in Egypt in a tomb from the Second Dynasty (2700 BC). This was a kind of mould, consisting of two silver cups, one of which contained snow (or crushed ice) and the other cooked fruit. “Icehouses”, where snow was stored and ice deliberately formed, were undoubtedly an extremely ancient invention. Around AD300 in India they found a way to manufacture cheap ice: Porous clay pots containing boiled, cooled water were laid out on top of straw in shallow trenches; under favourable circumstances, thin ice would form on the surface during winter nights which could be harvested and combined for sale.Of course ancient Persians by 400BC have mastered the art and technique of creating ice in the deserts of Iran for their needs ie storing food and for pleasure in form of iced drinks! This practice requires an ingenious structure called a yakhchālThe emperor Nero had snow and ice transported from mountains or volcanoes such as Mount Etna, these natural ice being stored in ice-boxes and buried in wells to be preserved. Nero also feasted his guests with crushed fruit with honey and snow, practices that Seneca found very expensive.How long have these sorbets and frozen fruits been eaten ? Historians remain silent on the subject. It seems that these icy preparations lasted in the Middle East but not in the West.In China in the 16th century B.C.E under the Shang Dynasty we are told that the emperor revelled in granites made of snow, milk and spices. Chinese had developed a process where they managed to freeze ice cream by using salt and salpeter (nitre) to lower the freezing point of ice. King Tang (c. 1675 – 1646 BC), had 94 ice men who helped to make a dish of buffalo milk, flour and camphor. During the Tang Dynasty an elegant drink was recorded which consisted of goat, cow of buffalo milk cooked with flour and camphor and then placed in iron containers and buried in snow or ice.The legend said that Kublai Khan founder of the Yuan dynasty, loved to drink milk, and would add ice to the milk to make it last longer during the summer. He also added preserves and jam to his favourite icy drink, creating the first "prototype of ice cream let's say. Kublai Khan issues a decree that anybody except the royal family can make ice cream in order to keep production process private.the famous Italian traveller of the middle ages, Marco Polo met Kublai Khan and had the honour of enjoying the royal treat. After leaving China, Marco Polo brought the technique of making ice cream back to Italia. Marco Polo is often recognized for bringing knowledge of Chinese ice cream techniques to Italy where it was perfected, but it seems clear that news about ice cream has travelled to Europe from the Arab world, also via a number other sources.The Arabs called it "Chinese snow". It was called "Chinese salt" by the Iranians/Persians. Ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans, of the upper classes, used this white powder, dissolved in water, to cool their wines. It was an expensive commodity, fairly rare and difficult to find, and its use appears to have been limited only to the cooling of bottles of wine at important dinners. Yes we are talking about saltpetre or potassium nitrate!Saltpetre cools water by producing an endothermic reaction. This is a chemical reaction whereby, as it dissolves, the saltpetre literally pulls the heat out of the water as part of that process, thus lowering the temperature of the water. For this reason, there is a limit to how cool the water can become.From the Greeks and the Romans this method was passed on, or perhaps rediscovered and improved by Persians and Arab physicians. Visitors from Europe to the East were struck by the wonderful sherbets and chilled syrups. Pierre Belon was a Frenchman ,traveller, naturalist and writer who visited the Middle East in the 16th century, at the height of the Ottoman Empire (and their emperors or sultans that had a very sweet tooth!) He marvelled at the sweet cold drinks: 'Some are made of figs, others of plums, and of pears and peaches, others again of apricots and grapes, yet others of honey, and the sherbert-maker mixes snow or ice with them to cool them;In Persia, sherbets were made from lemon, orange or pomegranate juice. First the fruit is squeezed through a silver strainer; then sugar was added, and water to dilute; finally, ice was piled in.This technique was later captured in the Persian text Ain I Akbari (“Institutes of Akbar”, c. 1600) by Abul Fazl 'Allami. Reading from its translation: Saltpetre, which in gunpowder produces the explosive heat, is used by his Majesty[Akbar] as a means for cooling water, and is thus a source of joy for great and small. Saltpetre is a saline earth. They fill with it a perforated vessel, and pour some water over it, and collecting what drops through, they boil it, clean it, and let it crystallize. One sér of water is then put into a goglet of pewter, or silver, or any other such metal, and th emouth closed. Then two and a half sérs of saltpetre are thrown into a vessel, together with five sérs of water, and in this mixture the goglet is stirred about for a quarter of an hour, when the water in the goglet will become cold. The price of saltpetre varies from ¾ to 4 mans per rupee.The first “ice cream” on the American continent was the Paila, a tradition in Pre-Columbian Ecuador. The Caranquis (or Caras), before being conquered by the Incas, sent expeditions to bring blocks of ice and snow down from the top of the volcano Imbabura, wrapped in thick layers of straw and frailejòn leaves, for thermal insulation. The ice cream was then made by filling a large cauldron (called a “paila”) with ice, snow and fruit juice (and sometimes milk), and mixing vigorously until the juices and ice froze together. Using this ancestral technique, gradually perfected over centuries, helados de paila are still prepared traditionally today in some places in Ecuador, especially in the modern town of Imbabura.In 1689, the Sicilian Francesco Procopio del Coltelli opened the first café in Paris, Le Procope. He not only served coffee there, but also over a hundred different sorbets and ice creams. All the good Parisian society is rushing into it, including the “quality ladies”, which was not done until then. And if they dare not leave their carriage, a valet brings them. In 1720, he invented frozen mousses by adding whipped cream to his ice creams: these “Chantilly ice creams” immediately became fashionable. In the 18th century, glaciers multiplied in Paris and consumption now spreads throughout the year. Ice creams are served in cups or in bricks, molded in fruit, egg cups, glasses.The French Revolution will not kill the ice cream. On the contrary, it democratizes them. Glacier then became a profession in its own right and ice cream makers invaded French homes.By the mid-1700's, sweet ices were a common food. Sorbetto sellers walked through Naples, selling ice cream in all sorts of flavours, including sweet orange, bitter cherry, muscat pear and jasmine. It was made & carried in a sorbettiera – a tall container with a metal lid, inside a bucket of ice & salt. The salesman would spin the sorbettiera around inside the bucket every few minutes, to keep it creamy as it froze. Every so often, they'd stir the ice with a wooden spatula. Sorbetto was the catch-all Italian word for ice cream back then, rather than gelato.All this and much more on the episode today!Resources and further reading:"Consider the Fork: A History of How We Cook and Eat" by Bee WilsonISBN: 9780141049083How Ice Cream Got Its Conehttps://www.seriouseats.com/2019/06/ice-cream-cone-history.html The Delicious History of Ice Cream:https://medium.com/@andersoncuellar/the-delicious-history-of-ice-cream-6a75938630f0 Martini Fisher Ancient History of Ice Cream: https://martinifisher.com/2020/10/30/the-ancient-history-of-ice-cream/ Saltpetre: Regency Refrigeration:https://regencyredingote.wordpress.com/2013/08/09/saltpetre-regency-refrigeration/ Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/the-delicious-legacy. If you love to time-travel through food and history why not join us at https://plus.acast.com/s/the-delicious-legacy. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We are surrounded by exothermic and endothermic reactions. Episode 29 starts by describing the first law of Thermodynamics (1:39) as well as the terms system and surroundings (1:53) using the combustion of hydrogen as an example. We take a closer look at the bond breaking and bond formation of the combustion (2:20) and describe the energy diagrams for exothermic (2:51) and endothermic reactions (4:12). Hand warmers and cooling packs are great examples of exothermic and endothermic processes (4:47). But also purely physical changes, like water freezing or ice melting can be described as exothermic or endothermic (5:31).Question: In Chemistry, we use Enthalpy as a measurement of heat content. What is the sign for enthalpy for an endothermic reaction?Thank you for listening to The APsolute RecAP: Chemistry Edition!(AP is a registered trademark of the College Board and is not affiliated with The APsolute RecAP. Copyright 2020 - The APsolute RecAP, LLC. All rights reserved.)Website:www.theapsoluterecap.comEMAIL:TheAPsoluteRecAP@gmail.comFollow Us:INSTAGRAMTWITTERFACEBOOKYOUTUBE

Acts 2:3: "Divided tongues, as of fire, appeared among them."Fr. Rob describes the difference between how the world seeks to change us and how the Spirit changes us, and the power of that change.Acts 2:1-21: When the day of Pentecost had come, the disciples were all together in one place. And suddenly from heaven there came a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. Divided tongues, as of fire, appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them ability.Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven living in Jerusalem. And at this sound the crowd gathered and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in the native language of each. Amazed and astonished, they asked, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? And how is it that we hear, each of us, in our own native language? Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs-- in our own languages we hear them speaking about God's deeds of power." All were amazed and perplexed, saying to one another, "What does this mean?" But others sneered and said, "They are filled with new wine."But Peter, standing with the eleven, raised his voice and addressed them, "Men of Judea and all who live in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to what I say. Indeed, these are not drunk, as you suppose, for it is only nine o'clock in the morning. No, this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel:`In the last days it will be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams. Even upon my slaves, both men and women, in those days I will pour out my Spirit; and they shall prophesy. And I will show portents in the heaven above and signs on the earth below, blood, and fire, and smoky mist. The sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the coming of the Lord's great and glorious day. Then everyone who calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved.' "Support the show (https://www.episcopalcathedral.org)

Learn about endothermic and exothermic!

Jono gets hot and cold as he has a look at endothermic and exothermic reactions for your GCSE exam. In this episode, he will look review key definitions and the principles of energy transfer. Ideal for preparing your for GCSE Chemistry exam. For more info visit: https://www.senecalearning.com/blog/gcse-chemistry-revision/

Jono gets hot and cold as he has a look at endothermic and exothermic reactions for your GCSE exam. In this episode, he will look review key definitions and the principles of energy transfer. Ideal for preparing your for GCSE Chemistry exam. For more info visit: https://www.senecalearning.com/blog/gcse-chemistry-revision/

This week we'll discuss the Dinosaur Renaissance. We'll discuss feathers, hips, and mass extinction.

This week we'll discuss the Dinosaur Renaissance. We'll discuss feathers, hips, and mass extinction.

In this one Will, John, and Yessica use their brains to transfer valuable information from the complexities of their minds to the cerebral of their peers. Who has been riddled by a southern Endothermic vertebrate?? @MrWilliamHaynes @JohnRos93 @yessica

In this episode, the gang discusses two papers that use morphological and chemical proxies to understand the metabolism of fossil animals. Did all early tetrapods breathe through their skin? Were mosasaurs warm blooded? Also, James accidentally goes full stealth, Amanda instigates a Civil War, and Curt gets not-it'ed into bumbling through explaining geochemistry. References: Witzmann, Florian. "CO2‐metabolism in early tetrapods revisited: inferences from osteological correlates of gills, skin and lung ventilation in the fossil record." Lethaia (2015). Harrell, T. Lynn, Alberto Pérez‐Huerta, and Celina A. Suarez. "Endothermic mosasaurs? Possible thermoregulation of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Squamata) indicated by stable oxygen isotopes in fossil bioapatite in comparison with coeval marine fish and pelagic seabirds." Palaeontology59.3 (2016): 351-363.

Time 0:48 Be a student of the job We all get into the Haz Mat...some of us more. Some of us have a prior background that we hide until we are established in our Department. When all of that is over...let er rip! Learn from others Time 1:34 Pick up a bookHazardous Materials Air Monitoring and Detection Devices by Chris Hawley Hazardous Materials Technician from IFSTA CLICK ON ABOVE LINKS FOR BOOKS Any state guideState fire academy or Office of Fire Prevention and control. These are usually nested under the DHS heading for the state. Time 2:50 Learn the laws and regulationCFR (code of federal regulation) Osha regulations Time 3:20 Don’t fall into the couchLaziness gives other an excuse to be lazy as well Time 4:35 Read articles and stay currentFirefighter close calls and Hazmatnation.com What happened last tour? What happened in that other state? What happened in that other country? Time 5:21 Surround yourself with people that are better at this than you areIn all professions there are those guys or girls. Start slowly and get them to give the goods.Some of these jems are slowly coaxed from their shells. Some of them may not be trying to help you, but if you ask them for help will be there to answer. Don’t expect them to come to you. Time 6:46 Don’t PanicNo matter the situation, remain calmBE A DUCK Panic leads to lack of thing There is no one coming after us “I DID cause the accident, I am just here to fix it.”when was the last time a plumber ran into your house in a frenzy to fix your toilet We are a highly trained, very professional unit DOING WHAT YOU CANNOT. There is no need to panic if I am not panicking. Time 8:42 Be ProfessionalLook the part Act the part. Speak the partLots of times it’s not what you say but how you say it. Right or wrong your tone says a lot Hazmat scenes bring outMedia High profile individuals Time 10:04 Don’t be afraid to ask for helpCannot stress this enough Seek help in the aspects you are weak in.This is the hardest thing to do because it involves admitting your faults and understanding weakness, then accepting it. I have learned that everyone has the ability to make you betterno matter now new a person is, everyone has a different perspective and technique Time 11:25 Know your tools (Mike's Story about drilling a saddle tank)This is a big one Weakness in your tools leads to you look looking like a fool at the scene. Number the compartments on the rig Make detailed lists of what is in which boxes, review periodically. You don’t have to know numbers, but where...is important. Your tools are what separates you from the other companies. That with specialized training makes you special. New guys enter the company is a great time to refresh yourselves on the tools Time 15:21 Keep a notebookWhen I was a probie we got these...hate themBobs “Plus or Minus” screwdriver story When I was in Haz Mat... loved them It is a short concise book of WHAT YOU THINK Only the best of the best goes in Don’t forget about the digital version of thiswill do a separate show on Bob”s obsessive data filing There will be a following podcast about how to do this digitally for all of you that would like to.WE WANT INFO BACK! Time 19:13 Have a firm understanding of the basics, and keep revisiting them.Definitions...the basics Without the definitions you cannotSpeak like a hazmatguy Act like a hazmatguy think like a hazmatguy Under no uncertain terms does the basics mean easy!the basics are the fundamentals and no matter how much you think you know them you can always ask yourself why does that happen. What causes A to go to B. understanding the basics give you the foundation to predict what is going to happen next. It also allows you to create a plan that is always three moves ahead as well as a backup in case anything does go wrong. Answer the “WHY” Time 21:30 Anticipate the worst case scenarioHelp you think like a hazmat guy. Time 22.08 Be fit for duty (salvo)It's not easy FatigueSCBA Suit General wear and tear not fit will reduce mental awareness Time 24:40 Learn from others mistakesUsually people who make mistakes, and are talked to in a non-confrontational manner will tell you about what they did wrong or what they could have done better. Use humor to help impact of your screw up. Teach others to critique themselves.NOT A PUBLIC crucifixion, its to prevent generational mistake Research what other people tell you“Trust but verify” Time 27:39 Find out how others did a responseEven on a response you were on. You may have not have been in a position to see all aspects of the incident. Ask how you did why you did what would you have done differently On incidents you were not onHave them paint the picture of the scene, and put yourself “there” Details!!! Possibly run the scene as you have done it, get out the books, check the gear and do a dry run replicating the operation, or deviation that you would have done. Time 30:00   Study stack program www.studystack.com   Look for anything HMC1 to get all of Bob’s flashcard. GIVE FEED BACK FOR THIS from twiter, Facebook, Email, or Voicemail. TIME 31:25 Refrigerant leak   http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/local/grinnell/2015/10/13/emergency-responders-go-refrigerant-leak-grinnell/73877528/   Ammonia response ideas   Ammonia itselfUN1005 Looks like water Low boiling point When boiled it absorb an enormous amount of heat, that’s why it’s used as a refrigerant. When boils gives white cloud, from condensing moisture in air.ENDOTHERMIC (absorbs heat vs. give off heat) Lighter than airCold weather or lots of moisture will keep it low. WHY DOES IT SINK IN VIDEOS OF VAPOR RELEASE? BECAUSE IT DENSER COLD SO IT SINKS, expands 850:1 Loves water, will seek it outLike water more than airOne volume of water will absorb 1300 volumes of NH3 When HN3 finds water in a closed container, a vacuum will happen. Time 34:10 WHY DOES IT SINK IN VIDEOS OF VAPOR RELEASE? BECAUSE IT DENSER COLD SO IT SINKS, When mixed with water become ammonium hydroxide When mixing it becomes EXOthermic, check with TIC Remember to add NH3 to water and not water to NH3, it will become spitting mad. Very strong base, protect runoff LEL/UEL 16-25% Usually transports in MC331 bobtails, working pressure of 265psiWill be dropped to a facility for utilization or dropped into “Nurse tanks” (basically mini MC331 with no wheels for on-site use. Time 39:35 ReleasesSince so cold may create ice plug and stop, until warmed Cool gas, so wants to seeks low spots, but weather will play into this Auto Refrigeration Response considerations Time 41:48 Auto Refrigeration explained Don’t allow it to find live bodies of water!!Consider use of water fog to “knock” down the vapors and make into liquid. Risk a lot to save a lot, risk little to save little Trapping liquid HN3 in valving may be dangerous. If liquid is caught between two valves and heats, it may blow up. ######The tarp method####### See below   Time 46:25   Tarp and Cover Control/Containment Method   This is a tarp and cover control/containment method for some ammonia release incidents. The release point is covered with a tarp (basic tarp you can buy at a local hardware supply – polyethylene/polypropylene). The tarp covers the release point and the escaping dense gas cloud will condense to liquid phase product which will then cool the container/release point. We learned that there is a direct pressure/temperature relationship with ammonia and if the temperature drops, the pressure drops. Your downwind concerns are also minimized in that the release is controlled and contained to the local release area. This is not a cure-all tactic. At this point you just have it controlled and contained. You may then start to get liquid pooling of ammonia under and near the tarp. Do not walk through liquid pools.   What is occurring under the tarp while the dense gas flows around the vessel? The cold gas will lower the pressure in the vessel and the condensation of the aerosol stream will result in liquid ammonia saturating the ground rather than to go downwind to threaten life hazard… if there is no life or environmental hazard on the downwind then allowing the ammonia to escape to atmosphere might be the best solution. In the picture to the right, notice how the dense gas cloud stays low as the gas begins to vaporize to atmosphere on the downwind direction. On a dry day the dense gas cloud is not as evident although the vapor risk may still be very high on the downwind direction.   You can see in the picture to the left that the tarp has minimized the exposure area. The leak point or leaking container will be cooled from the ammonia if we drop temperature the pressure in the container will also drop. Fully contained with the first tarp; secondary tarps may be helpful; now we can find the source of the release and control the flow and shut it down! A positive pressure ventilation fan is helpful in directing the dense gas away from the responders as they place the tarp and work on controlling the release… it’s also a good first step to getting fresh air to a victim that may be down in the downwind direction.   In the picture to the right, notice the containment of an aerosol in a relatively low humidity circumstance: working in dense gas and aerosol requires Level A PPE. Placing the tarp from a distance, outside the dense gas cloud, can be accomplished with level A or even level B PPE. A fan used to support the responders is very valuable. Responders must be trained in this procedure before attempting it.   Rail tank cars typically have a capacity of 34,500 gallons, but due to outage requirements, they will contain less than 30,000 gallons. Capping kits may or may not work on the tank cars. It depends if there is enough spacing around the valve flanges. There will always be 2 liquid valves running the length of the car. A single vapor valve will be perpendicular to the liquid valves. Tanks will also have a pressure relief valve and may have other valves such as gauging device, thermometer well and sample tube line.   Cargo trailers (tractor trailer versions) could range in size from 3.500 gallon to almost 12,000 gallon. Nurse tanks range in size from 500 gallon to over 1,000 gallon.   In summary don’t be valve turners since we do not want to trap liquid ammonia without being able to relieve pressure. Ensure use of proper personal protective equipment. Review where and when to use water. Be sure to contain any run off. Evaluate tarp and cover as a control/containment method for the incident. And finally, if you don’t know, then don’t go!

The first real podcast for unit 4. All about energy profiles and chemical energy. Feel free to join the Edmodo class group at edmodo.com. The group code is "v4buva" The notes can be found there and there is also a multi choice quiz. (only 10 questions but cover most of what is in this podcast). Enjoy. Notes are also here: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/38018298/13_Energy%20profiles.pdf

With New Year's Resolutions in full swing here's a sweet thermal caramel quandary for us to sink our teeth into..... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions