Podcast appearances and mentions of Marco Polo

Money did not always exist in its current form. There was a time when goods and services were just exchanged for one another, without actual coins or cash changing hands. The preconception is that our current monetary system, the status quo, makes complete sense. But as millennia of history have proven to us, money is very complex, and there is a lot at stake. Jacob Goldstein, host of the popular NPR podcast, Planet Money, joins the podcast. Jacob Goldstein's book - "Money - The True Story of a Made-Up Thing"https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B083J1BPNC/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1Follow Jacob on Twitter @jacobgoldstein

    The Mongols were famous for their ultimatums of destruction and submission. No shortage of thirteenth century states received demands for their unconditional surrender to the Great Khan granted divine mandate to rule by Eternal Blue Heaven. Initially, the Mongol imperial ideology was extremely black and white: you could submit to Mongol rule, or face total annihilation. There was no room for other relationships, for the Great Khan had no allies, only subjects. But as the thirteenth century went on and the dream of Chinggisid world hegemony slipped away as the divisions of the Mongol Empire went their separate ways, the Mongol Khans in the west began to seek not the capitulation, but the cooperation of western Europe to aid in their wars against Mamluks. For the Ilkhanate's sixty-year struggle against the Mamluk Sultanate, the Il-Khans sought to bring the Popes and Monarchs of Europe to a new crusade to assist in the defeat of the Mamluks, an ultimately fruitless endeavour, and the topic of today's episode. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       The first Mongol messages to the Kings of Europe came in the late 1230s and 40s, accompanying Batu and Sube'edei's western invasion, asking the Hungarians how they possibly could hope to flee the grasp of the Mongols. We know the Mongols sent a number of envoys to European monarchs and dukes, and employed a variety of peoples in this enterprise, including at least one Englishman. Over the 1240s and 50s, European envoys like John de Plano Carpini or William of Rubrucks to the Mongol Empire returned from Karakorum with orders for the Kings and Popes to come to Mongolia and submit in person.While Rus' and Armenian lords and kings did do so, there is little indication that European rulers even responded to these demands. For the Mongols, who seemed poised to dominate everything under the Eternal Blue Sky, there was little reason to adopt more conciliatory language. From their point of view, the Europeans were only stalling the inevitable: soon Mongol hoofbeats would certainly be heard in Paris and Rome. The Mongols treated the European states as their diplomatic inferiors, subjects basically in a state of rebellion by fact that they had not already submitted. Cruel, threatening and demanding letters were the norm, and it's safe to say any future efforts at alliance were greatly hampered by this opening salvo. The rare diplomatic exception was an embassy sent to King Louis IX of France during his stay in Cyprus in 1248 just before the 7th Crusade. There, messengers came from the Mongol commander in the west, Eljigidei, an ally to the reigning Great Khan, Guyuk. Headed by two Christians in Eljigidei's service, the embassy bore letters from Eljigidei. These letters called Louis ‘son,' and had no demand of submission, but mentioned Mongol favouritism to Christians, urged the French King not to discriminate between Latin and non-Latin Christians as all were equal under Mongol law, and wished him well in his crusade. The two Christian representatives of Eljigidei asserted that he was a Christian and that Guyuk himself had already been baptised. The urged Louis to attack Egypt, and prevent its Ayyubid prince from sending forces to aid the Caliph in Baghdad, who the Mongols were soon to attack.     Louis, is should be noted, almost certainly had not been anticipating any cooperation from the Mongols; he had  been well aware of their attacks on Hungary only a few years before, learned of Mongol demands and treatment of foreign powers from travellers like Carpini, and apparently received Mongol ultimatums for his submission in 1247. Further, a devout Christian, it is unlikely he would have gone looking for allies among “pagans,” even for fighting against Muslims. Still, he reacted well to Eljigidei's messengers and sent a return embassy with gifts with them back to Eljigidei which were to be sent on to Guyuk, while the initial letter was forwarded back to France and ultimately to King Henry III of England. Ultimately, it was for naught. Guyuk was dead even before Louis received Eljigidei's letter, and  Eljigidei himself was soon put to death in the following political turmoil. Little is known of the embassy Louis sent back with Eljigdei's representatives, but from the little heard of it through William of Rubruck a few years later, it seems to have achieved nothing beyond meeting Guyuk's widow and the regent, Oghul Qaimish, who portrayed Louis' gifts as tokens of the French King's submission.  Following the meeting on Cypress, Louis IX suffered a humiliating defeat in Egypt at Mansura, captured and was ransomed by the newly emerging Mamluks. By the time he returned to France and received Oghul Qaimish's reply, not only was she dead, but the responding letter was essentially another demand for his surrender. This first non-threatening Mongol embassy succeeded only in making the King of France feel like he had been tricked, especially since the new Great Khan, Mongke, sent a letter back with William of  Rubruck that disavowed Eljigidei's embassy. It has been speculated that Eljigidei was using the embassy to spy on Louis, as he was wary of the sudden arrival of Louis' army in Cyprus, and a desire to find out his military intentions, rather than any genuine interest in cooperation at this point.  His hope may have been to ensure that this new army attacked Mongol enemies, rather than get in the way of the Mongols.       The halting of the Mongol advance at Ayn Jalut by the Mamluks, and fracturing of the Empire into independent Khanates after Great Khan Mongke's death left the new Ilkhanate in a precarious position. Surrounded by enemies on all sides, the only direction they could expand not at the expense of fellow Mongols was against the Mamluks, who fortified their shared border with the Ilkhans. Even a small raid could trigger the arrival of the full Mamluk army, a dangerous prospect against such deadly warriors. Yet the Ilkhans could not bring their full might to bear on the shared border with the Mamluks in Syria, as it would leave their other borders open to attacks from the Golden Horde, Chagatais or Neguderis, in addition to the trouble of provisioning an army in the tough, hot and dry conditions of the Levantine coastline, a route the Mamluks secured and fortified. Opening a new front against the Mamluks was necessary, and there were already convenient beachheads established  in the form of the remaining Crusader States.   A shadow of their former selves, the Crusader states were represented by a few major coastal holdings like Antioch, Tripoli, and Acre, and inland fortifications like Krak de Chevaliers and Montfort, as well as the Kingdom of Cyprus, whose ruler, Hugh III of Cyprus, took the title King of Jerusalem in 1268. The Crusader States had shown neutrality to the Mongols, or even joined them such as the County of Tripoli did in 1260 after the Mongols entered Syria. In early 1260, the papal legate at Acre sent an embassy to Hulegu, most likely to discourage him from attacking the Crusader holdings. Along with information from the Kings of Armenian Cilicia, their most important regional vassals, the Mongols would have had a vague knowledge of western Europe and their crusading history. The Ilkhanate's founder, Hulegu, sent the first letter to the west in 1262, intended once more for King Louis IX, though this embassy was turned back in Sicily. This letter was friendlier terms than most Mongol missives, but still contained threats, if rather subdued. Pope Urban IV may have learned of the attempt, and the next year sent a letter to Hulegu, apparently having been told that the Il-Khan had become a Christian.  Delighted at the idea, the Pope informed Hulegu that if he was baptised, he would receive aid from the west. In reality, Hulegu never converted to Christianity, and died in 1265 without sending any more letters.       His son and successor, Abaqa, was the Il-Khan most dedicated to establishing a Franco-Mongol alliance and came the closest to doing so. Due to conflict on his distant  borders with the Golden Horde and Chagatayids, as well as the troubles of consolidating power as new monarch in a new realm, for the 1260s he was unable to commit forces to the Mamluk frontier. As a good Mongol, Abaqa was unwilling to allow the enemy total respite, and made it his mission to encourage an attack from the west on the Mamluks. His first embassy was sent in 1266, shortly after becoming Il-Khan, contacting the Byzantines, Pope Clement IV and King James I of Aragon, hoping for a united Christian front to combine efforts with the Mongols against the Mamluks, inquiring which route into Palestine the Christian forces would take. The responses were generally positive, Pope Clement replying that as soon as he knew which route, he would inform Abaqa.       Abaqa sent a message again in 1268, inquiring about this progress. James of Aragon found himself the most motivated by the Il-Khans requests, encouraged by the promises of Abaqa's logistical and military support once they reached the mainland. James made his preparations, and launched a fleet in September 1269. An unexpected storm scattered the fleet, and only two of James' bastard children made it to Acre, who stayed only briefly, accomplishing little there.        Not long after, King Louis IX set out for Crusade once more, making the inexplicable choice to land in Tunis in 1270. Despite his well planned efforts, the Crusade was an utter disaster, and Louis died of dysentery outside the walls of Tunis in August 1270. Prince Edward of England with his army landed in Tunis shortly before the evacuation of the crusaders, and disgusted by what he saw, set his fleet for the Holy Land, landing at Acre in May 1271, joined by Hugh of Lusignan, King of Cyprus.  Edward's timing was good, as Abaqa had returned from a great victory over the Chagatai Khan Baraq at Herat in July 1270, though had suffered a major hunting accident that November.       The Mamluk Sultan Baybars was campaigning in Syria in spring 1271, the famous Krak des Chevaliers falling to him that April. Tripoli would have fallen next, had Baybars not retreated back to Damascus hearing of the sudden arrival of a Crusader fleet, and was wary of being caught between European heavy cavalry and Mongol horse archers. Soon after landing Edward made his preparations for an offensive, and reached out to Abaqa. Abaqa was delighted, and sent a reply and orders for Samaghar, the Mongol commander in Anatolia, to head to Syria. Edward did not wait for Abaqa's reply, and there is no indication he ever responded to Abaqa's letter. He set out in mid-July, ensuring his army suffered the most from the summer heat, while missing the Mongols who preferred to campaign in the winter. Suffering high casualties and accomplishing little, he withdrew back to Acre. In mid-October Samaghar arrived with his army, raiding as far as to the west of Aleppo while an elite force of Mongols scouted ahead, routing a large group of Turkmen between Antioch and Harim, but was soon forced to retreat with the advance of the Mamluk army under Baybars.       Missing Samagahr by only a few weeks, in November Edward marched south from Acre at the head of a column of men from England, Acre, Cyprus, with Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. They ambushed some Turkmen on the Sharon plain, forced the local Mamluk governor to withdraw, but with the arrival of large Mamluk reinforcements the Crusaders fled, losing their prisoners and booty.  That was the closest the Mongols and the Franks came to proper coordination. Edward helped oversee a peace treaty between the Mamluks and the Kingdom of Jersualem, but the heat, difficulties campaigning, political infighting and an assassination attempt on his life permanently turned him off of crusading. By September 1272, Edward set sail for England. A  few weeks after his departure the Mongols again invaded, besieging al-Bira but were defeated by the Mamluks in December.        Edward's brief effort in Syria demonstrated the difficulties prefacing any Mongol-Frankish cooperation. The Mamluks were a cohesive, unified force, well accustomed to the environment and working from a well supplied logistic system and intelligence network, while the Franks and Mongols were unable to ever develop a proper timetable for operations together. The European arrivals generally had unrealistic goals for their campaigns, bringing neither the men, resources or experience to make an impact.       Abaqa continued  to organize further efforts, and found many willing ears at the Second Council of Lyons in France in 1274, a meeting of the great powers of Christendom intended to settle doctrinal issues, the division of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and plan the reconquest of the Holy land. Abaqa's delegation informed the Council that the Il-Khan had secured his borders, that peace had been achieved between all the Mongols Khanates, and he could now bring his full might against the Mamluks, and urged the Christian powers to do likewise. The current Pope, Gregory X, fully supported this and made efforts to set things in motion, but his death in 1276 killed whatever momentum this process had had. Abaqa sent another round of envoys, who reached the King of France and the new King of England, Edward. The envoys brought the Il-khan's apologies for failing to cooperate properly during Edward's crusade, and asked him to return. Edward politely declined. This was the final set of envoys Abaqa sent west. Perhaps frustrated, he finally organized a proper invasion of Syria, only an army under his brother Mongke-Temur to be defeated by the Mamluks at Homs, and Abaqa himself dying soon after in 1282. His successors were to find no more luck that he had.        The most interesting envoy to bring the tidings of the Il-Khan to Europe did not originate in the Ilkhanate, but in China: Rabban Bar Sawma, born in 1220 in what is now modern day Beijing, was a Turkic Nestorian priest who had set out on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem before being conscripted to act as a messenger for the Il-Khan, in a journey which is a fascinating contrast to that of his contemporary Marco Polo. Even given him his own dedicated episode in this podcast series, but we'll give here a brief recount of his journey. Writing his accounts down upon his return to Baghdad later in life, he described how he brought messages and gifts to the Byzantine Emperor Andronicos II Palaiologus, marvelled at the Hagia Sophia, then landed in Sicily and made his way to Rome, having just missed the death of Pope Honorius IV. Travelling on to France, he was warmly welcomed by King Phillip IV, and then on to Gascony where he met the campaigning King Edward of England, who again responded kindly to the Il-khan's envoy.  On his return journey, he met the new Pope Nicholas IV in 1288 before returning to the Ilkhanate.    Despite the generous receptions Rabban Sauma was given by the heads of Europe, and despite the Il-khan's promises to return Jerusalem to Christian hands, the reality was there was no ruler in the west interested, or capable of, going on Crusade. By now, the act of Crusading in the Holy land had lost its lustre, the final crusades almost all disasters, and costly ones at that. With the final Crusader strongholds falling to the Mamluks in the early 1290s, there was no longer even a proper beachhead on the coast for a Crusading army. The sheer distance and cost of going on Crusade, especially with numerous ongoing issues in their own Kingdoms at hand, outweighed whatever perceived benefit there might have been in doing so. Further, while Rabban Sauma personally could be well received, the Mongols themselves remained uncertain allies. From 1285 through to 1288, Golden Horde attacks on eastern Europe had recommenced in force. Even the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Tele-Buqa, had led an army into Poland. For the Europeans, the distinctions between the Mongol Khanates were hard to register; how could messages of peace from some Mongols be matched with the open war other Mongols were undertaking? All evidence seems to suggest that the western Franks did not understand that the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate were separate political entities. Recall earlier the conflicting letters Louis IX had received in the 1240s, where one Mongol general offered friendship, only to be tricked in seemingly submitting to the Mongols and then receive letters in the 1250s telling him to discount the previous envoys. Together these encouraged unease over perceiving the Mongols as allies, and served to further dampen interest to pursue these alliances.       In contrast, the Mamluks had somewhat greater success in their own overseas diplomacy: in the 1260s Baybars initiated contact with the Golden Horde, ruled by the Muslim Berke Khan, encouraging him to keep up his warfare with his Ilkhanid cousins. Sultan Baybars also kept good relations with the Byzantine Empire and the Genoese, allowing him to keep the flow of Turkic slave soldiers from the steppes of the Golden Horde open, the keystone of the Mamluk military. There is also evidence they undertook some limited diplomacy with Qaidu Khan during the height of his rule over Central Asia and the Chagatayids. While the Mamluks and Golden Horde never undertook any true military cooperation, the continuation of their talks kept the Ilkhanate wary of enemies on all borders, never truly able to bring the entirety of its considerable might against one foe least another strike the Il-Khan's exposed frontiers. But, did the Golden Horde, in the 1260s, perceive this as an alliance? We only have Mamluk accounts of the relationship, but scholarship often supposes that the Golden Horde Khans perceived this as the submission of the Mamluks, and any cooperation was the cooperation between overlord and subject. As many of the Mamluk ruling class were Qipchaqs, so the Mongols had come to see as their natural slaves, it may well be that Berke saw the submission of the Mamluks as a natural part of their relationship, especially since he already ruled the Qipchaq homeland. This alliance, alongside never resulting in direct cooperation, was also never always amicable. When the Jochid Khans grew annoyed with the Mamluks, they would halt the trade of Qipchaq slaves and threaten to deprive the Mamluks of their greatest source of warriors. During the long reign of Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, a daughter of the Golden Horde Khan Ozbeg was wed to him, in an effort to cement the relationship after a rocky start to the 1300s. Al-Nasir soon accused her of not actually being a Chinggisid, insulting her and infuriating Ozbeg. Yet the relationship survived until the invasions of Emir Temur at the close of the fourteenth century, when the Mamluks and Golden Horde once again took part in a doomed west-Asian effort to ally against Temur.       Ilkhanid-European contacts continued into the 14th century, but with somewhat less regularity after Rabban bar Sawma's journey. An archbishopric was even founded in the new Ilkhanid capital of Sultaniyya in 1318, and Papal envoys would travel through the Ilkhanate to the Yuan Dynasty in China until the 1330s. A few envoys came from the Il-Khans still hoping to achieve military cooperation; Ghazan Il-Khan continued to send them before his invasions, including the only one that actually defeated the Mamluk army and led to a brief Mongol advance down the coast, occupying Damascus. News of Ghazan's successes did spread rapidly, for the Spanish Franciscan Ramon Llull learned of it and promptly sailed all the way across the Mediterranean, hoping to be among the first missionaries to land in the newly reclaimed Holy Land. But upon arriving in Cypress, Llull learned of Ghazan's equally quick withdrawal. The combined news of a Mongol victory followed by sudden Mongol withdrawal must have only affirmed the opinion of many of the futility of taking part in any more crusades with the Mongols.  Military operations against the Mamluks mostly ceased after Ghazan's death, until a formal peace was achieved between them and the Ilkhanate at the start of the 1320s. Naturally, no further messages for alliances with the powers of Europe were forth coming, and consequently putting an almost total end to European interest and contacts with the Middle East for the next five centuries. European-Mongol relations would continue for some time longer in the territory of the Golden Horde, where the attention of our podcast moves next, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast for more. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, then consider supporting us on Patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.   

Aureliano corona il sogno di una generazione di soldati: uno ad uno i pezzi dell'Impero vengono ricomposti fino a che a Roma toccherà inventare un nuovo titolo per il suo salvatore.---SOSTENERE IL PODCASTPer aiutarmi a raggiungere il mio sogno di fare di questo progetto la mia attività a tempo pieno, potete andare sul mio sito:www.italiastoria.com Nella sezione "sostenere il podcast"Oppure su: www.patreon.com/italiastoria---Vuoi acquistare "Per un pugno di barbari"? clicca al link seguente per Amazon:https://amzn.to/2PNOnjIPer ordinare da una libreria indipendente (che fa sempre bene!) clicca al link seguente: https://www.bookdealer.it/libro/9788828206002/per-un-pugno-di-barbari-come-roma-fu-salvata-dagli-imperatori-soldati---Ti piace il podcast? Sostienilo, accedendo all'episodio premium, al canale su telegram, alla citazione nel podcast, alle première degli episodi e molto altro ancora:https://www.patreon.com/italiastoria o con una donazione su https://italiastoria.com/---►Informazioni sul mio libro "Per un pugno di barbari":https://italiastoria.com/libro/►Trascrizioni episodi, mappe, recensioni, genealogie:https://italiastoria.com/►FacebookPagina: https://www.facebook.com/italiastoriaGruppo: https://www.facebook.com/groups/italiastoria►Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/italiastoria/►Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ItaliaStoria►YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPIENUr6-S0UMJzREn9U5Q►Contattami per commenti, idee e proposte di collaborazione: info@italiastoria.com---Musiche di Riccardo Santatohttps://www.youtube.com/user/sanric77---Livello Dante Alighieri: Musu Meci e Massimiliano Pastore. Livello Leonardo da Vinci: Paolo, David l'apostata, Massimo, Pablo, Simone, Frazemo, Arianna, Jacopo, Jacopo F., Riccardo, Enrico, Dalla Sicilia.com, Alberto, Davide, Manuel, Andrea, Federico, Bruno, Settimio, Giovanni, Cesare, Jerome, Diego, Francesco, Alanchik, Flavio Ruggeri Fo, Edoardo Vaquer, Stefano Po e Luca CasaliLivello Galileo Galilei: Davide, Francesco, Jacopo Toso, Riccardo, Stefano, Roger, Anna, Pierangelo, Luigi, Antonio, Giulia, Ezra, Andrea, Paola, Daniele, Mariano, Francesca, Gabriella, Alessio, Giovanni, Alessandro, Valerio, Angelo, Alberto, Viviana, Riccardo, Giorgio, Francesco G., Francesco B., Emanuele, Giacomo, Francesco M, Giacomo, Martina, Yuri, Lorenzo, Jamie, Gianluca, Danilo, Echtelion, Matteo, Valerio P., Guglielmo, Michele, Massimo, Tommaso J, e Francesco C., Stefano, Giulio S., Davide P. Grazie anche a tutti i miei sostenitori al livello Marco Polo!---

In questo episodio speciale, andiamo in Franchia per narrare di due regine formidabili: Brunhilde e Fredegunda, le terribili regine di Austrasia e Neustria. La loro rivalità è degna di quella di Atia e Servilia nella serie HBO Rome e segna l'intero cinquantennio seguente alla morte di Clothar I (561), in una faida di sangue e potere.E' questo che faremo dunque oggi: andremo oltre le storie dei Re Merovingi, e scopriremo la storia delle Regine che li manovrarono uno contro l'altro.---SOSTENERE IL PODCASTPer aiutarmi a raggiungere il mio sogno raccontato in questo episodio, potete andare sul mio sito:www.italiastoria.com Nella sezione "sostenere il podcast"Oppure su: www.patreon.com/italiastoria---Vuoi acquistare "Per un pugno di barbari"? clicca al link seguente per Amazon:https://amzn.to/2PNOnjIPer ordinare da una libreria indipendente (che fa sempre bene!) clicca al link seguente: https://www.bookdealer.it/libro/9788828206002/per-un-pugno-di-barbari-come-roma-fu-salvata-dagli-imperatori-soldati---Ti piace il podcast? Sostienilo, accedendo all'episodio premium, al canale su telegram, alla citazione nel podcast, alle première degli episodi e molto altro ancora:https://www.patreon.com/italiastoria o con una donazione su https://italiastoria.com/---►Informazioni sul mio libro "Per un pugno di barbari":https://italiastoria.com/libro/►Trascrizioni episodi, mappe, recensioni, genealogie:https://italiastoria.com/►FacebookPagina: https://www.facebook.com/italiastoriaGruppo: https://www.facebook.com/groups/italiastoria►Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/italiastoria/►Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ItaliaStoria►YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPIENUr6-S0UMJzREn9U5Q►Contattami per commenti, idee e proposte di collaborazione: info@italiastoria.com---Musiche di Riccardo Santatohttps://www.youtube.com/user/sanric77---Livello Dante Alighieri: Musu Meci e Massimiliano Pastore. Livello Leonardo da Vinci: Paolo, David l'apostata, Massimo, Pablo, Simone, Frazemo, Arianna, Jacopo, Jacopo F., Riccardo, Enrico, Dalla Sicilia.com, Alberto, Davide, Manuel, Andrea, Federico, Bruno, Settimio, Giovanni, Cesare, Jerome, Diego, Francesco, Alanchik, Flavio Ruggeri Fo, Edoardo Vaquer, Stefano Po e Luca CasaliLivello Galileo Galilei: Davide, Francesco, Jacopo Toso, Riccardo, Stefano, Roger, Anna, Pierangelo, Luigi, Antonio, Giulia, Ezra, Andrea, Paola, Daniele, Mariano, Francesca, Gabriella, Alessio, Giovanni, Alessandro, Valerio, Angelo, Alberto, Viviana, Riccardo, Giorgio, Francesco G., Francesco B., Emanuele, Giacomo, Francesco M, Giacomo, Martina, Yuri, Lorenzo, Jamie, Gianluca, Danilo, Echtelion, Matteo, Valerio P., Guglielmo, Michele, Massimo, Tommaso J, e Francesco C., Stefano, Giulio S., Davide P. Grazie anche a tutti i miei sostenitori al livello Marco Polo!---

Photo: Two hundred years later:  The 1590 Skálholt Map showing Latinized Norse placenames in North America: * Land of the Risi (a mythical location) * Greenland * Helluland (Baffin Island) * Markland (the Labrador Peninsula) * Land of the Skræling (location undetermined) * Promontory of Vinland (the Great Northern Peninsula) ..  Genoa knew of the Americas a century and a half before the Genoese Columbus.  Lorenzo Fiori, Ansaldo Foundation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvano_Fiamma Cronica Universalis, written sometime between 1339-1345, includes a passage in which he describes Iceland, Greenland, and Markland: [Our] authorities say that under the equator there are very high mountains, where there are temperate settlements, made possible by winds, or by the shadow of the mountains, or by the remarkable thickness of the walls, or by underground caves in valleys. At the equator there are also many islands that are truly temperate because of the rivers, or the marshes, or the winds, or for reasons that are unknown to us. And for a similar reason there are settlements beneath or around the Arctic pole, despite the very intense cold. These settlements are so temperate that people cannot die there: this fact is well known for Ireland. The reasons why this happens are unknown to us. Marco Polo speaks explicitly about this, when he says that there is a certain desert 40 days across where nothing grows, neither wheat nor wine, but the people live by hunting birds and animals, and they ride deers. Further northwards there is the Ocean, a sea with many islands where a great quantity of peregrine falcons and gyrfalcons live. These islands are located so far north that the Polar Star remains behind you, toward the south. Sailors who frequent the seas of Denmark and Norway say that northwards, beyond Norway, there is Iceland; further ahead there is an island named Grolandia, where the Polar Star remains behind you, toward the south. The governor of this island is a bishop. In this land, there is neither wheat nor wine nor fruit; people live on milk, meat, and fish. They dwell in subterranean houses and do not venture to speak loudly or to make any noise, for fear that wild animals hear and devour them. There live huge white bears, which swim in the sea and bring shipwrecked sailors to the shore. There live white falcons capable of great flights, which are sent to the emperor of Katai. Further westwards there is another land, named Marckalada, where giants live; in this land, there are buildings with such huge slabs of stone that nobody could build with them, except huge giants. There are also green trees, animals and a great quantity of birds. However, no sailor was ever able to know anything for sure about this land or about its features. From all these facts it is clear that there are settlements at the Arctic pole.

Liar liar pants on fire!, thank you to Melody for the ginger honey crystals, a Danish artist takes museum's money and runs, Marco Polo, 58,000 more marijuana convictions in Los Angeles County will be dismissed, your calls, Happy Birthday to Moon Unit Zappa and Pat wraps up tonight's show talking about Grimes' Muskless plans to open a lesbian space commune...

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CEO da Marcopolo, James Bellini fala sobre a retomada da produção após férias coletivas, projeção para o quarto trimestre e alta dos insumos

It's the birthday of Mongol emperor Kublai Khan born in Mongolia in 1215. The explorer Marco Polo's journal contains most that is known about this ruler.

In this special episode of “Making Sense of the Madness” Sean Morgan analyzes breaking news and interviews Josh Reid of the Redpill Project about who Internet Company and Executive #1 is in the Durham indictment. Then Sean has an exclusive interview with former Trump staffer Garrett Ziegler about his research group's findings on The Hunter Biden Laptop. Its so much worse than you can imagine and it directly implicates “The Big Guy”. This is the beginning of something big. Garrett is going to be releasing his findings to law enforcement. Josh Reid: https://Redpills.tvGarrett Ziegler: https://MarcoPolo.GuruGet Breaking News Updates: https://SeanMorganReport.comGet a Free Gold Consultation:Call Dr. Kirk Elliott at +1 720-605-3900https://sovereignadvisors.net/pages/seanmorgan/Nearly 60% of Americans are concerned about running out of money.RECEIVE A FREE CONSULTATION & A FREE E-BOOK ABOUT ANNUITIEShttps://www.americanmediaperiscope.net/clevelandABOUT ANNUITIEShttps://www.americanmediaperiscope.net/clevelandwww.AmericanMediaPeriscope.netSupport the show (https://donorbox.org/seanmorganreport)

I'm back! Are you surprised? I am! This week, I'm talking about: How lack of control makes us feel helpless. Do controlled kids feel helpless? Does control lead to mental health issues? If we want a society of responsible adults, do we need to listen to kids, give them freedom, and let them learn how to be responsible for themselves? Difficult times, friends, and our unschooling community How change can stretch us, and how we learn when we have an interest or a need Video gaming and what I've learnt since I became a video gamer My new children's novel, The Angels of Wallaby Way! Perfectionism, and the fear of criticism, and Marco Polo video messages The value of feedback, encouragement, and the most important people in our lives Show Notes Blog Post What I discovered When I Became a Video Gamer   My Unschooling Books Curious Unschoolers: Kindle Curious Unschoolers: paperback Radical Unschool Love: Kindle Radical Unschool Love: paperback The Angels of Wallaby Way: available very soon! My Amazon Author Page   Where You Can Find Me Unschooling Community including Unschool Plus and Marco Polo My Stories of an Unschooling Family community Youtube Sue Elvis Blogs Stories of an Unschooling Family Where the Carol Birds Sing   Thanks you for listening to this episode!  

Max Ogles of Nir and Far talks about the lessons that tech companies can learn from rehab Episode 356: What Tech Companies Can Learn from Rehab by Max Ogles of Nir and Far on Behavior Change to Bring Users Together Nir Eyal writes, consults, and teaches about the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. The M.I.T. Technology Review dubbed Nir, “The Prophet of Habit-Forming Technology.” Nir founded two tech companies since 2003 and has taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is the author of the bestselling book, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. In addition to blogging at NirAndFar.com, Nir's writing has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, TechCrunch, and Psychology Today. Nir is also an active investor in habit-forming technologies. Some of his past investments include: Eventbrite, Product Hunt, Pantry, Marco Polo, Presence Learning, 7 Cups, Pana, Symphony Commerce, Worklife (acquired by Cisco) and Refresh.io (acquired by LinkedIn). Nir attended The Stanford Graduate School of Business and Emory University. The original post is located here: https://www.nirandfar.com/rehab/ Please Rate & Review the Show! Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com and in The O.L.D. Facebook Group Join the Ol' Family to get your Free Gifts Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalStartUpDaily

For episode 163 of the Metta Hour Podcast, Sharon speaks with Vlada Bortnik.Vlada is co-founder and CEO of Marco Polo, the popular video communication app that so many have relied on in this past year and a half of covid! Vlada is an immigrant from the former Soviet Union, and her path to Silicon Valley has been one of determination and steadfast passion for making the world a happier place. Vlada's approach to life as a busy mom and tech CEO is grounded in mindfulness and meditation.The conversation starts with Vlada and Sharon discussing Marco Polo and how the app has connected folks, especially during COVID. Vlada shares her observations about how the development of email, text, and social media has changed the way that people connect in the last twenty years and how the evolution of public-facing connections has increased loneliness for so many. They talk about the Marco Polo app and the different features it offers to promote real connection. Vlada shares about her early life and how her family immigrated to the United States from the Soviet Union. Sharon tells some stories about her covertly teaching meditation in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s with Joseph Goldstein. They talk about how Vlada came to meditation practice and how it has affected her life as a mother, her work life as a CEO, and the culture she has built at Marco Polo.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

I've had a few of my college classmates reach out to me completely out of the blue and share some kind words that have been rays of sunshine on a cloudy day.   Emotional / mental health to receive emotional / mental health to give   When is the last time you sent an encouraging message, text, letter, quote, thought to a friend out of the blue.   Try it.   Do it right now or as soon as you finish this episode.    Text someone Call someone Pray for someone Encourage someone Share a Bible verse  Share an encouraging quote or meme   I'm going to share each comment with you.   1.) Marc, The Texas Boot Company   Praying for you, Noble.  Whatever you are going through, I hope you realize that we all fall short, but God loves us anyway.  You have a lot of people that love you, too.  Just for who you are.  That's enough.  Love you, and praying for you.  May you realize the gift that you are just for being you.   Hang in there, brother.   2.) Chuck, Math Professor at West Point    Brother.  Sending a quick note to reinforce that I have thought of you often recently.  You are a huge role model for me and I often think….what would Noble do as I face things.  Thanks for sharing all of your wisdom and kindness with the World.  Cheers.   3.) TJ, Episode #95   Read your post.  I'm here man.  Let's try and connect.  You have meant so much to me and my journey that I want to make sure you know I am so grateful for you and want to let you know how damn awesome you are.   Big day today, bro.  Huge.  Started filming!  Had to wear the West Point shirt to mark the occasion!   4.) Eric, Ep #75, COO Big Christian Family Camp in NY   Dude, you have a gift for counseling/mentoring.   5.) USAF NCO Trainer, Tripp, Podcast Host of “The Shadows Podcast” & “Rise From The Shadows” Podcast   Handwritten note w/his podcast patch   6.) USAF Chief Master Sergeant (E-9), Joe, Podcast Host of “The Llama Lounge” Llama Leadership Podcast & author of #Firestarters   Asked me to be on his podcast again.   7.) Alex sent me his new book out of the blue called Identity, Connect With Your Authentic Being.    8.) Jeff, CEO of a Leadership Company paid for me to get Certified in The 5 Behaviors of a Cohesive Team Instructor course.    When is the last time you've received something like that?    What impact did it have on you?   How did you feel?   Were you thankful / grateful?   Did you tell them how much you appreciated it?   Don't underestimate the power of a kind word, kind thought, kind gesture.   Act on it immediately.    Don't have any expectation on how it's received or if they even respond.   A 30 second act of a text or a 5 min phone call or a 3 min Marco Polo video message…can absolutely make someone's day.   The power of thoughtfulness The power of kindness The power of gratefulness  The power of specificity The power of encouragement    ————————————————— We're on the receiving end of each other's EQ (or lack thereof) every day in every relationship.    Unaddressed emotional issues don't get better over time, they actually compound.   Emotionally healthy people help heal other people emotionally.   Thank you so much for sharing, subscribing, rating & reviewing on our podcast & YouTube channel!   If you're ready to take your emotional fitness program to the next level, join us at eqgangster.com/mafia.    The Shadows Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-shadows-podcast/id1534684467   The Llama Lounge Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-llama-lounge/id1507339010   Lopez On Leadership: https://youtube.com/channel/UCEklLA0a1LDP3cVAJXiCMTA   Firestarters book https://www.firestartersbookproject.com/joe   Ep 117: Gratitude Bridge to Confidence, from Director of Enhanced Performance, COL Darcy Lybeck https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/eq-for-entrepreneurs/id1497445408#episodeGuid=d6f74140-4ef7-414d-bf62-f8ea173463a4   Ep 95: TJ, EQ as a Hollywood  Writer https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/eq-for-entrepreneurs/id1497445408?i=1000503061046   Ep. 75: COL Eric Lopez, Chief of Staff USAREC https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/eq-for-entrepreneurs/id1497445408?i=1000494423274

Nello scorso episodio, abbiamo visto come l'Impero, in una situazione relativamente più tranquilla a metà anni 70' del sesto secolo, fu in grado di inviare una spedizione di riconquista in Italia, coordinando l'iniziativa con i Franchi dell'Austrasia. La missione di Baduario però fu un tale disastro che causò la decomposizione delle posizioni imperiali in Italia, con l'istituzione anche dei nuovi ducati longobardi dell'Italia peninsulare. L'Italia, alla fine del 577, è in una posizione drammatica: divisa tra un Impero incapace di reagire e decine di ducati longobardi in guerra con esso, e tra loro.Eppure se i Longobardi vogliono sopravvivere alle procelle della guerra è evidente che dovranno trovare un modo per collaborare. In questo episodio, finalmente ci riusciranno, ponendo le basi per un nuovo stato del mondo post-romano.---Si ringrazia Cristiano Carassai (AKA Authari) per la bellissima immagine di copertina! Cristiano fa parte del gruppo "Fortebraccio Veregrense". ---Vuoi acquistare "Per un pugno di barbari"? clicca al link seguente per Amazon:https://amzn.to/2PNOnjIPer ordinare da una libreria indipendente (che fa sempre bene!) clicca al link seguente: https://www.bookdealer.it/libro/9788828206002/per-un-pugno-di-barbari-come-roma-fu-salvata-dagli-imperatori-soldati---Ti piace il podcast? Sostienilo, accedendo all'episodio premium, al canale su telegram, alla citazione nel podcast, alle première degli episodi e molto altro ancora:https://www.patreon.com/italiastoria o con una donazione su https://italiastoria.com/---►Informazioni sul mio libro "Per un pugno di barbari":https://italiastoria.com/libro/►Trascrizioni episodi, mappe, recensioni, genealogie:https://italiastoria.com/►FacebookPagina: https://www.facebook.com/italiastoriaGruppo: https://www.facebook.com/groups/italiastoria►Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/italiastoria/►Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ItaliaStoria►YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPIENUr6-S0UMJzREn9U5Q►Contattami per commenti, idee e proposte di collaborazione: info@italiastoria.com---Musiche di Riccardo Santatohttps://www.youtube.com/user/sanric77---Livello Dante Alighieri: Musu Meci e Massimiliano Pastore. Livello Leonardo da Vinci: Paolo, David l'apostata, Massimo, Pablo, Simone, Frazemo, Arianna, Jacopo, Jacopo F., Riccardo, Enrico, Dalla Sicilia.com, Alberto, Davide, Manuel, Andrea, Federico, Bruno, Settimio, Giovanni, Cesare, Jerome, Diego, Francesco, Alanchik, Flavio Ruggeri Fo, Edoardo Vaquer, Stefano Po e Luca CasaliLivello Galileo Galilei: Davide, Francesco, Jacopo Toso, Riccardo, Stefano, Roger, Anna, Pierangelo, Luigi, Antonio, Giulia, Ezra, Andrea, Paola, Daniele, Mariano, Francesca, Gabriella, Alessio, Giovanni, Alessandro, Valerio, Angelo, Alberto, Viviana, Riccardo, Giorgio, Francesco G., Francesco B., Emanuele, Giacomo, Francesco M, Giacomo, Martina, Yuri, Lorenzo, Jamie, Gianluca, Danilo, Echtelion, Matteo, Valerio P., Guglielmo, Michele, Massimo, Tommaso J, e Francesco C., Stefano, Giulio S., Davide P. Grazie anche a tutti i miei sostenitori al livello Marco Polo!---The music at the end is a piece used under the creative commons. Below the details:Title: Zadok the priestAuthor: St Matthew's Concert Choir; Damien Giromella, directorLink: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handel_-_Zadok_the_Priest.oggThis file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. It has been slightly modified (volume) to be the base of a section of the podcast

Certains mythes ont la vie dure. C'est le cas de cette légende selon laquelle c'est Marco Polo qui aurait ramené de son voyage en Chine les pâtes qui allaient devenir l'emblème de l'Italie. En vérité, les Italiens ne l'avaient pas attendu.La naissance d'une légendeC'est en Chine, dernière étape de son grand périple du XIIIe siècle, que Marco Polo aurait découvert les pâtes. Il les aurait ensuite ramenées en Italie.Cette version des faits semble remonter à un article ou un encart publicitaire parus en 1929 dans le journal publié par un fabricant de pâtes. L'histoire sera reprise dans un film américain de 1938, dans lequel on voit Marco Polo, interprété par Gary Cooper, rencontrer des Chinoises en train de confectionner des pâtes.Les auteurs de cette contre-vérité se seraient appuyés sur une mauvaise interprétation d'une version tardive du récit de voyage de Marco Polo, "Le livre des merveilles". Par ailleurs, il n'est pas certain que les propos rapportés dans cette version soient bien de Marco Polo.Les pâtes italiennes existaient avant Marco PoloIl n'est pas impossible que Marco Polo ait ramené des pâtes chinoises dans ses bagages. À l'époque de son voyage, les Chinois en fabriquaient déjà, de formes diverses. Mais elles étaient élaborées à base de riz, et non de blé.Et surtout, les pâtes existaient en Italie bien avant la naissance de Marco Polo./ Elles y auraient été introduites par les Arabes, au IXe siècle, à l'occasion de leur conquête de la Sicile.Mais les Romains mangeaient déjà des pâtes, sous une autre forme. Il s'agissait plutôt d'une pâte cuite directement sur le foyer, et qu'on garnissait de viande. C'est ce "lasanum" qui a donné le mot "lasagnes".Et il a fallu attendre le VIe ou le VIIe siècles pour qu'on commence à faire cuire ces pâtes dans l'eau. Mais ce ne sont pas les Arabes qui ont inventé les pâtes. Les Mésopotamiens, qui furent les premiers à cultiver le blé, en préparaient déjà 1.700 ans avant J.-C. !Dès le Xe siècle, les Perses les consommaient aussi sous forme de tagliatelles. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

A punk rock Marco Polo, our intrepid adventures explore Asia (except Japan which gets its own episode)

Marco Polo. Zheng He. Henry The Navigator. Vasco de Gama. Ferdinand Magellan. Sir Francis Drake. These are just a few of the "Great Discoverers" in world history.  Many entrepreneurs are seeking their own form of discovery...although it's something which is profoundly different. They are hoping TO BE discovered. So many are looking for that special event in the life of their business pursuits when they will be "discovered". When everything will take off. When their business life will become so much easier. Join Michael as he provides an important insight into "getting discovered" in business.

Tonight's rundown: Californians have decided and they clearly don't care that their state has the largest poverty rate, they still want to keep Gov. Gavin Newsom Bob Woodward's latest book alleges that Donald Trump was so unhinged that one of his military generals needed to call China to reassure them that the U.S. would not attack  A judge blocks a New York state vaccine mandate for health care workers who claim a religious exemption to the rule  Why do African Americans have the lowest rate of vaccination? Social media, specifically Instagram is harming teenagers' mental health  This Month in History, 1254: Italian explorer, Marco Polo is born  Final Thought: Tribute to comedian Norm Macdonald Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Tonight's rundown: Californians have decided and they clearly don't care that their state has the largest poverty rate, they still want to keep Gov. Gavin Newsom Bob Woodward's latest book alleges that Donald Trump was so unhinged that one of his military generals needed to call China to reassure them that the U.S. would not attack  A judge blocks a New York state vaccine mandate for health care workers who claim a religious exemption to the rule  Why do African Americans have the lowest rate of vaccination? Social media, specifically Instagram is harming teenagers' mental health  This Month in History, 1254: Italian explorer, Marco Polo is born  Final Thought: Tribute to comedian Norm Macdonald Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During this episode, MAJGEN Susan Coyle, Head of Information Warfare for the Australian Defence Force, discusses a variety of projects and whole-of-government challenges that she is confronting relative to information operations. After she recaps her primary role and the branches within her division, our discussion touches on the threat from China, broader gray zone competition in the Pacific region, labor considerations, and partnerships. Books and Other Web Links: LikeWar: The Weaponization of Social Media by Peter Singer The Return of Marco Polo's World: War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-first Century by Robert D. Kaplan The Perfect Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the Cyber Age by David E. Sanger Let down by the golden promise of digital age by Paul Kelly Link to full show notes and resources https://information-professionals.org/episode/cognitive-crucible-episode-61 Guest Bio:  Major General Coyle currently holds the appointment of Head of Information Warfare for the Australian Defence Force. Susan Coyle was born in Kyogle, NSW on 21 May 1970. After completing a Bachelor of Science degree at the Australian Defence Force Academy she graduated from the Royal Military College in 1992 into the Royal Australian Corps of Signals. She has worked at the tactical, operational and strategic level in a variety of command and staff appointments including Commander Joint Task Force 633, Commander 6th Brigade, inaugural Commander Task Group Afghanistan, and Commanding Officer 17th Signal Regiment. Major General Coyle has received a Distinguished Service Medal as the Deputy Commander JTF 636 / Commander Task Group Afghanistan on Operation SLIPPER / HIGHROAD, and a Conspicuous Service Cross as the Commanding Officer 17th Signal Regiment. She holds post-graduate qualifications in a Master of Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College, a Master in Organisational Development and Strategic Human Resource Management from the University of New England, and a Master of Management in Defence Studies from the University of Canberra. About: The Information Professionals Association (IPA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the role of information activities, such as influence and cognitive security, within the national security sector and helping to bridge the divide between operations and research. Its goal is to increase interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars and practitioners and policymakers with an interest in this domain. For more information, please contact us at communications@information-professionals.org. Or, connect directly with The Cognitive Crucible podcast host, John Bicknell, on LinkedIn. Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate, 1) IPA earns from qualifying purchases, 2) IPA gets commissions for purchases made through links in this post.

Olá, você sabe o que é uma campanha no estilo West Marches? Ela é feita com sessões agendadas de forma irregular, para grupos irregulares, montados a partir de um pool de jogadores que podem variar a titularidade ao longo das sessões, explorando regiões específicas do mundo, on demand, em um cenário persistente que se desenvolve com o jogo. Muitos jogadores podem passar pela mesa e trocar informações sobre as aventuras que se desdobram das explorações. No Café com Dungeon de hoje, nesta primeira parte de uma série, vamos conhecer este estilo de campanha com as noções gerais de West Marches, como descritas pelo Ben Robbins no blog Ars Ludi em sua série de posts. Confira! https://arsludi.lamemage.com/index.php/78/grand-experiments-west-marches/ Ficou curioso com Biergotten e quer jogar com a gente? http://biergotten.blogspot.com Caso queira acompanhar a central de rumores de Biergotten, só chegar aqui neste mural no Telegram! https://t.me/joinchat/HxdOcREErH1jZGJh   #OLDISCOOL *** *** CONSIDERE APOIAR O ROLE!!!! Torne-se um Assinante do Café,  com Dungeon, com planos a partir de R$5, e contribua para criarmos nossa série especial destrinchando a história do RPG, dos anos 70 até os dias atuais! https://bit.ly/CcDungeon **** Aproveite nossas parcerias! Quer beber um Café artesanal, sem impurezas e delicioso enquanto ouve o Café com Dungeon? Vindo de pequenos produtores numa cadeia de produção racional e boa para todos, conheça a Ovelha Negra e todos os seus tipos especiais de café. Use o Cupom: DUNGEONCRAWL https://bit.ly/ovelhanegracafes       Assinantes têm cupom especiais. Consulte no grupo de Telegram! *** Muito obrigado a todos os assinantes do nível Expresso - esse apoio ajuda demais; e muitíssimo obrigado aos apoiadores Café com Creme e Café Gourmet: Abílio Júnior Adriel Lucas Balieiro Rodrigues Aline Maciel André Luiz Marcondes Pontes Brayner Silva Bruno Cobbi Bruno Tácio Cachoeira Caio Messias Cavazzana Carlos Castilho Cássio Félix Daniel Saraiva Denis Lima Diego Leite Da Cunha Diego Sestito Dm Quiral Erasmo Barros Erasmo Barros Fabio Dedini Fábio Luparelli Franciolli Araújo Francisco Siqueira Gabriel Stüpp George Bonfim Gersica Melchiades Gilvan Gouvêa Glauber Rocha Gustavo Baldez Oliveira Dias Gustavo Jardim De Souza Gustavo Murad Heitor Coelho Helber Del Bem Martins Jean Paes João Rafael Coelho Cruz E Sousa Jorge Monteiro José Canesin Leandro Fiamenghi Leonardo De Andrade Castilho Leonardo Monteio De Morais Leonardo Paixão Lucas Barjud Luiz Felipe Pereira De Souza Marcelo Pires Bentes Marcos Paulo Ribeiro Marcus Komei Machado Pedroza Matheus Heleno Pedro Borges Pedro Cocola Pedro Gustavo Rodrigues Pedro Wah Rafael Caetano Mingoranci Rafael Cruz Rafael Garotti Rezende Rafael Raposo Rafael Roque Leite Ramon Bezerra Raoni Godinho Ricardo Matte Rodrigo De Lima González Roger Kober Saulo Aride Tiago Lima Barboza Willy Alencar Yuri Saiyé *** #Paracegover CAPA: à frente o logo do Café com Dungeon; ao fundo uma ilustração de viajantes da companhia de Marco Polo rumanso pelo mapa. *** O Café com Dungeon é um podcast oferecido pelo canal Regra da Casa. Siga nosso Instagram para um complemento visual de nosso conteúdo, além de anúncios, sorteios e atualizações    

Donnant naissance à des jeux variés, les cartes à jouer sont devenues l'un des loisirs les plus universels qui soient. Venant sans doute du Proche-Orient, puis se répandant dans le reste du monde, elles remontent à un lointain passé.Des cartes en provenance du Proche-OrientDes jeux de carte sont attestés dès le VIIe siècle en Chine, mais il est peu probable qu'elles aient pu être connues en Europe, même par l'intermédiaire de Marco Polo, comme on l'a parfois prétendu.Il est possible que ces cartes, qui profitaient des progrès de la gravure sur bois et, un peu plus tard, de l'imprimerie, se soient inspirées des dés en usage en Inde.Il est plus vraisemblable que les cartes que nous connaissons aujourd'hui nous viennent des Mamelouks musulmans d'Égypte, peut-être influencés eux-mêmes par des modèles en provenance d'Inde ou de Perse.Des jeux de cartes circulent en Europe dès la fin du XIVe siècle. Elles y seraient parvenues par le biais des musulmans installés en Espagne ou à l'occasion des échanges commerciaux qui empruntaient des itinéraires comme la route de la soie.Des couleurs et des symbolesSi les quatre couleurs qui habillent toujours les jeux actuels ont très tôt orné les cartes à jouer, il n'en a pas été de même pour leurs symboles. En effet, chaque pays d'Europe a adopté les siens.Les cartes françaises ont retenu le trèfle, le cœur, le carreau et le pique alors qu'en Espagne, par exemple, on a rapidement préféré la coupe, la monnaie d'or, le bâton et l'épée.Les personnages peints sur les cartes reflètent le contexte politique de l'époque. Certains sont en effet des rois, qui tiennent un sceptre paré de fleurs de lys. Tous ces symboles monarchiques seront gommés au moment de la Révolution française. Les cartes à jouer deviennent ainsi un discret instrument de propagande.Grâce au procédé de la gravure sur bois, les cartes à jouer, qui composent des jeux de 52 unités, sont fabriquées en grande quantité. Leurs fabricants, qu'on appelle des cartiers, sont ainsi en mesure de répondre à une très forte demande. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

One of the most enduring images of the Mongolian Empire is that it was a model of religious tolerance, one where each of the Khan's subjects were free to worship as they pleased. This is not a new belief;  in the 18th century, Edward Gibbon presented Chinggis Khan as a forerunner of the enlightenment, and for modern audiences the notion was repopularized with Jack Weatherford's book Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. Some use the notion to counter the common presentations of Mongol brutality, usually accompanying blanket terms that all religious clergy were exempted from taxation, labour and were respected- or go as far as to present the Mongols as the inspiration for modern liberal religious toleration. While there is an element of truth to be had here, as with so much relating to the Mongols, describing the Chinggisid empire as a state of religious tolerance where all religions east and west lived in harmony fails to capture the reality of the period.       Even before the founding of the empire, Chinggis Khan interacted with a variety of religions. During his war to unify Mongolia, Chinggis Khan was supported by men of various religious backgrounds: Mongolian shamanist-animists, Nestorian Christians, Buddhists and Muslims, one of whom, Jafar Khoja, was supposedly a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, and stood with him at the muddy waters of Lake Baljuna during one of his lowest moments. The most prominent tribes in the Mongolian steppe in the 12th century were Nestorian Christians such as the Kereyid and Naiman, and on the declaration of the Mongol Empire in 1206 Chinggis Khan's army and administration were quite mixed. Chinggis Khan himself was an animist: in Mongolian belief, all things in the world were inhabited by spirits which had to be consulted and placated. It was the job of shamans to intercede with these spirits on the Mongols' behalf. Generally, shamanism is not an exclusive religion; one can consult a shaman and still practice other faiths. The shaman was not like a Christian priest or Islamic imam, but a professional one could consult with regardless of other religious affiliation. The persuasion and power of religion in the Mongol steppe  came from the charisma of specific holy men -such as shamans- and their power to convene with spirits and Heaven on the Khan's behalf in order to secure his victory.        This seems to have been the guiding principle for how Chinggis Khan, and most of his successors, approached religion. Some Mongols viewed the major religions they encountered -Daoism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam- as all praying to the same God via different methods. This was more or less the statement that in the 1250s, Chinggis' grandson Mongke Khaan provided to the Franciscan friar William of Rubruck during an interview, stating that “We Mongols believe that there is only one God through whom we have life and through whom we die, and towards him we direct our hearts [...] But just as God has given the hand several fingers, so he has given mankind several paths.”       Usually for the Khans, it did not matter who was right, as basically all of the major religions were. What mattered was that these religions should pray to God on behalf of the Chinggisids to ensure divine favour for their rule. Heaven's will was manifested through victories and rulership, while it's displeasure manifested in defeats and anarchy. Much like the concept of the Chinese Mandate of Heaven, the right to rule provided by heaven could be rescinded, and thus the Mongols hoped to continually appease Heaven.       But the Mongols' views on religion were not static and took years to develop into their political theology- and nor were they inherently tolerant, and favours were allotted more on a personal basis. For example, in 1214 Chinggis Khan, or one of his sons, had an encounter with a Buddhist monk named Haiyun. Haiyun, with his head shaved bare in accordance with his role as a monk, was told by the Khan to grow his hair out and braid it in Mongolian fashion- for at that time, the Mongols were attempting to order the general population of north China to do so as a sign of their political subordination.  Religions in China dictated how one should maintain their hair; Buddhist monks had to shave their heads, Daoist monks could keep their hair long, while the general Chinese population, on Confucian teaching, could not cut their hair in adulthood, as it was a gift from the parents, and thus was kept in topknots. Demanding that the general population adopt the unique, partly shaved Mongolian hairstyle, was therefore a decree against all of China's major religions. The Mongols did not succeed in this policy and soon abandoned it's implementation on its sedentary subjects, though other sources indicate it was enforced on nomadic Turkic tribes who entered Mongol service, indicating their submission to the Great Khan. Notably the Manchu would successfully implement such a policy after their conquest of China 400 years later, forcing the population to adopt the long queues at the back of the head. When the Chinese revolted against Manchu rule, the cutting of the queue was one of the clearest signs of rejecting the Qing Dynasty.   Back to the Buddhist monk Haiyun, who Chinggis had ordered to grow out his hair in Mongol fashion. Haiyun told Chinggis that he could not adopt the Mongol hairstyle, as growing his hair out violated his duty as a monk. Learning this, Chinggis Khan allowed Haiyun to maintain his baldness, then in time extended this allowance to all Buddhist and Daoist clergy.  Even with this first privilege, Haiyun and his master did not receive coveted tax exempt status until 1219, and then on the recommendation of Chinggis' viceroy in North China, Mukhali. This is the earliest indication of Chinggis Khan granting of such a favour, followed soon by the extensive privileges granted to the Daoist master Qiu Chuji. The Daoist had made the journey from North China to meet Chinggis Khan in Afghanistan on the Khan's urging, ordered to bring Chinggis the secret to eternal life, as the Mongols had been told Qiu Chuji was 300 years old. Master Qiu Chuji told Chinggis that not only did he not have such power, but Chinggis should also abstain from hunting and sexual activity. Not surprisingly, Chinggis Khan did not take this advice, but he did grant the man extensive privileges, tax exempt status and authority over all Daoists in China. Importantly, Chinggis' edict was directed personally at Qiu Chuji and his disciples, rather than Daoism as a whole. The value Qiu Chuji had to Chinggis was on his individual religious charisma and ability to intercede with the heavens on the Khan's behalf, as well as his many followers who could be induced to accept Mongol rule. In Chinggis' view, the fact that Qiu Chuji was a Daoist leader did not entitle him to privileges. Neither did the Mongols initially differentiate between Buddhism and Daoism. In part due to the vaguely worded nature of Chinggis' edicts, Qiu Chuji's Daoist followers used these decrees to exert authority over Buddhists as well, seizing Buddhist temples and forcing Buddhist monks to become Daoists, beginning a Buddhist-Daoist conflict that lasted the rest of the 13th century.       The point of these anecdotes is to demonstrate that the conquests did not begin with a specific policy of general religious tolerance or support for local religious institutions. Governmental support and privilege was provided on an ad hoc basis, especially when a group or individual was seen as influential with the almighty. Toleration itself was also advertised as a tool; in the Qara-Khitai Empire, in what is now eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China, an enemy of Chinggis Khan, prince Kuchlug of the Naiman tribe, had fled to Qara-Khitai and eventually usurped power. Originally an Eastern Christian, that is a Nestorian, in Qara-Khitai Kuchlug converted to a violent strang of Buddhism and began to force the Muslim clerics, particularly in the Tarim Basin, to convert to Chrisitanity or Buddhism on pain of death. When Chinggis Khan's forces under Jebe Noyan arrived in 1217 pursuing the prince, they recognized the general resentment against Kuchlug and, in order to undermine his support, declared that anyone who submitted to the Mongols would be free to practice their religion. The announcement worked well, as the empire was quickly and successfully turned over to the Mongols, and the renegade prince Kuchlug cornered and killed. Notably, this announcement did not come with statements of privileges or tax exemptions at large for the Islamic religious leaders. It was a decree spread to deliberately encourage the dissolution of the Qara-Khitai and ease the Mongol conquest- in this region, it was a comparatively peaceful conquest, by Mongol standards. But it was not coming from any specific high-mindedness for the treatment of religion, but an intention to expand into this territory and defeat the fleeing Kuchlug.       By the reign of Chinggis' son Ogedai in the early 1230s, the Mongol stance towards religions became more solidified. A major advancement, on the insistence of advisers like the Buddhist Khitan scholar Yelu Chucai, was that privileges were to be granted on religious communities and institutions rather than based on individual charisma, which made them easier to regulate and manage. Chucai also impressed upon the Mongols that Buddhism and Daoism were distinct beliefs, though the Mongols seem to have often continually erroneously thought both creeds worshipped a supreme deity a la Christianity and Islam. Buddhist and Daoism became, alongside Christianity and Islam, the four main “foreign religions” which the Mongols would issue edicts regarding privileges. It was not an evenly applied thing. With Islam, for instance, it can be said the Mongols often had the greatest difficulties. For one thing, the rapid annihilation of the Khwarezmian empire, the world's single most powerful islamic state at the time, resulted in the deaths of perhaps millions of Muslims as well as the belief that the Mongols were a punishment sent by God- a belief the Mongols encouraged. The reduction of Islam from “the state religion” to “just another religion of the Khan's subjects,” was a difficult one for many an imam and qadi to accept. For a universalist religion like Islam, subjugation to a pagan entity was a difficult pill to swallow, and the destruction of cities, mosques, agriculture and vast swathes of the population would not have been eased by statements of how tolerant the Mongols supposedly were.        Further, it is apparent that the Mongols' rule for the first decade or two of their interaction with the Islamic world was not tolerant. Part of this comes to an inherent conflict between the sharia law of Islam, and the yassa of Chinggis Khan. The yassa and yosun of Chinggis Khan were his laws and customs set out to provide a framework for Mongol life, which regulated interactions for the state, individuals, the environment, the spirits and the heavenly. As a part of this, it was decreed that animals had to be slaughtered in the Mongolian fashion; the animal usually knocked unconscious, turned onto its back, an incision made in the chest and its heart crushed. The intention was to prevent the spilling of the animals' blood needlessly upon the earth, which could beget misfortune. Contravening this was forbidden and punishable by death. The problem was that this is inherently conflicting with halal and kosher slaughter, which entailed slitting the throat and draining the blood. At various times over the thirteenth century, this was used as an excuse to punish and lead reprisals against Muslims. A number of Persian language sources assert that Ogedai Khaan's brother Chagatai was a harsh enforcer of the yassa on the empire's Muslim population. In the 1250s ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini asserted that Muslims in Central Asia were unable to make any halal killings due to Chagatai, and were forced to eat carrion from the side of the road. The Khwarezmian refugee Juzjani meanwhile said Chagatai planned a genocide of the Muslims. While these sources like to depict Chagatai as a foil to Ogedai's more ‘friendly to islam' image, it remains clear that for many Muslims, it was felt that the Mongol government had a particular hatred for them. But Chagatai was not the only one to enforce this. Ogedai himself briefly sought to enforce this rule, and the famous Khubilai Khan grew increasingly unfriendly to religion in his old age, and in the 1280s launched anti-muslim policies, banning halal slaughter and circumcision on pain of death. The incident which apparently set him off was a refusal of Muslim merchants in Khubilai's court to eat meat prepared in the Mongolian manner, though it may also have been an attempt to appease some of the Chinese elite by appearing to reduce Islamic and Central Asian influence in his government, particularly after the assassination of Khubilai's corrupt finance minister Ahmad Fanakati.        Even Daoism, favoured early by the Mongols thanks to the meeting of Qiu Chuji and Chinggis Khan, suffered stiff reprisals from the Mongol government. As the conflict between the Daoists and Buddhists escalated, in the 1250s on the behest of his brother Mongke Khaan, prince Khubilai headed a debate between representatives of the two orders. Khubilai, inclined to Buddhism on the influence of his wife and personal conversion, chose the Buddhists as the winners. Declaring a number of Daoist texts forgeries, Khubilai ordered many to be destroyed and banned from circulation, while also reducing their privileges. This failed to abate the tensions, and in the 1280s an older, less patient Khubilai responded with the destruction of all but one Daoist text, Lau Zi's Daodejing, and with murder, mutilation and exile for the offending Daoists.       Privileges only extended to religions the Mongols saw as useful, or offered evidence that they had support from heaven. Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Manicheism and Hinduism were usually totally ignored by the Mongols and did not receive the same privileges as the Christian, Buddhist, Daoist and Islamic clergy. Judaism may have received tax exemption status in the Ilkhanate for a brief period in the 1280s  and 90s due to the influence of a Jewish vizier, Sa'd al-Dawla, while in the Yuan Dynasty it took until 1330 for Judaism to earn such a status. As these religions lacked states which interacted with the Mongols, the Mongols saw these religions as having no power from heaven, and were therefore useless to them. Without any political clout, and of small representation within the Empire, these groups largely escaped the notice of the Khans.       The Mongols were also not above ordering the annihilation of a religion or religious groups when they defied them. The most well known case was a Shi'ite sect, the Nizari Ismailis, better known as the Assassins. Due to their resistance against the Mongol advance, the sect was singled out for destruction not just politically, but religiously, as Mongke Khaan had become convinced of this necessity by his more orthodox Islamic advisers. This task fell to his brother Hulegu, who enacted his brother's will thoroughly. Soon after the destruction of the Ismaili fortresses, which was lauded by Hulegu's Sunni Muslim biographer ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini,  Hulegu famously sacked Baghdad and killed the Caliph in 1258. Juvaini's chronicle, perhaps coincidentally, cuts off just before the siege of Baghdad. This attack on Baghdad was not religiously motivated; the Caliph had refused to accept Mongol authority. As a seemingly powerful head of a religion, his independence could not be abided. It was not a specifically anti-Islamic sentiment here, but a political one. Had the Mongols marched on Rome and the Pope also refused their mandate, such a fate would have awaited him as well. The presence of Christians in Hulegu's army, many from the Kingdom of Georgia and Cilician Armenia who partook with great enthusiasm in the slaughter of Muslims on Hulegu's request at Baghdad and in his campaign into Syria, as well as the fact that Hulegu's mother and chief wife were Chrisitans, would not have been lost on many Muslims, as well as the fact that Hulegu himself was a Buddhist.  Hulegu after the conquest of Baghdad ordered its rebuilding, but placed a Shi'ite Muslim in charge of this task and sponsored the restoration of Christian churches and monasteries, and other minority religions in his majority sunni-islam territories.     When the Mongols did convert to the local religions, they were not above carrying out with zeal assaults on other religious communities in their empire. Such was the case for Khans like Ozbeg in the Golden Horde or Ghazan in the Ilkhanate, who converted to Islam and struck against Christian, Buddhist and shamanic elements in their realms. These were as a rule very brief rounds of zealousness, as the economic usage of these groups and the uneven conversion of their followers to Islam made it politically and economically more useful to abandon these measures.        This is not to say of course, that there is no basis for the idea of Mongol religious tolerance, especially when compared to some contemporary states: just that when the favours, privileges and state support were granted, they were usually done to the four main religious groups the Mongols designated: again, Muslims, Christians, Daoists and Buddhists. So entrenched did these groups become as the “favoured religions” that in the Yuan Dynasty by the 14th century it was believed these four groups had been singled out by Chinggis Khan for their favours. This is despite the fact that Chinggis Khan had no recorded interactions with any Christian holymen.   But not idly should we dismiss the notion of there being a certain level of religious toleration among the Mongols. Not without reason was Ogedai Khaan portrayed as friendly in many Islamic sources, and he regularly gave the most powerful positions in the administration of North China to Muslims.  European travellers among the Mongols, such as John De Plano Carpini, Marco Polo and Simon of St. Quentin, along with Persian bureaucrats like ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini and the Syriac Churchman Bar Hebraeus, generally reported Mongol indifference to what religions were practiced by their subjects, as long as said subjects accepted Mongol command. Sorqaqtani Beki, the mother of Mongke and Khubilai, was a Nestorian Christian famous for patronizing and supporting mosques and madrassas. Mongke Khaan held feasts to mark the end of Ramadan where he would distribute alms and at least one such feast held in Qaraqorum, listened to a qadi deliver a sermon. He show respect to his Muslim cousin Berke, and for him had halal meat at one imperial banquet. If the yassa of Chinggis Khan was upheld thoroughly, then the Khans and all princes present would have been executed. In the four level racial hierarchy Khubilai Khan instituted in China, Muslims and Central Asians were second only to Mongols and nomads, and ranked above all Chinese peoples.    Religious men visiting the Khans usually left with the belief that the Khan was about to convert to their religion, so favourably had they been received. Khubilai Khan asked Marco Polo's father and uncle to bring him back  100 Catholic priests and holy oil from Jerusalem, and likely sent the Nestorian Rabban bar Sauma to Jerusalem for similar purposes. Marco Polo then goes on to present Khubilai as a good Christian monarch in all but name. Qaraqorum, the Mongol imperial capital, held Daoist and Buddhist temples across the street from Mosques and Churches. In Khubilai's capital of Dadu and the Ilkhanid capital of Sultaniyya were Catholic archbishoprics by the early 14th century. So there certainly was a level of toleration within the Mongol Empire that contemporaries, with wonder or frustration, could remark truthfully that it was quite different from their own homelands.    Such religious syncretism survived well into the century, when claimants to the fragmenting successor Khanates in western Asia, in order to define their legitimacy amongst the largely converted Mongol armies and stand out amongst the many Chinggisids, latched onto Islamic identities. Eager to prove their sincerity, they pushed back violently against even traditional Mongol shamanism. Despite it's early difficulties, in the end Islam largely won amongst the Mongols of the western half of the empire and their descendants, overcoming the brief revitalization Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism had enjoyed thanks to Mongol patronage. Such was the final outcome of the Mongols' religious toleration     Our series on the Mongols will continue, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this, and would like to help us keep bringing you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals, or sharing this with your friends. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.

Segunda parte del viaje de Pablo Strubell, autor de este podcast, por la Ruta de la seda. En este episodio viajamos por Uzbekistán, Tayikistán, Kirguizistán y China. El viaje, narrado en la primera parte del podcast, arrancó en Turquía, en Estambul, el 20 de abril de 2005. Luego continuó por Irán y Turkmenistán, hasta donde llegó el podcast #83, que te invitamos a escuchar si aún no lo has hecho. Tras salir de China el viaje siguió tres meses más, pero ya desvinculado de la Ruta de la seda por Myanmar, Tailandia, Malasia, Singapur y, finalmente, Filipinas, motivo por el que no se hablará de estos destinos en estos dos podcast sobre la ruta que hizo famosa Marco Polo. El de Pablo fue un viaje realizado en transportes públicos, con una mochila preparada para el calor más extremo de los desiertos y el frío de los pasos de Asia Central. Un viaje duro por su extensión, por transitar por países que solo 14 años antes se habían abierto al turismo, por la gran diversidad de idiomas y culturas y, sobre todo, por las dificultades logísticas y burocráticas... Puedes el blog del viaje en https://www.ungranviaje.org/2015/01/la-ruta-de-la-seda-resumen-de-viaje/ Libro del autor: ¡Te odio, Marco Polo! https://www.laeditorialviajera.es/tienda/te-odio-marco-polo-2/ Episodio patrocinado por Webempresa https://www.webempresa.com/ ¡25% de descuento con el cupón ""ungranviaje""! Si sueñas con hacer un gran viaje como este te recomendamos: > Nuestro libro ""Cómo preparar un gran viaje"": https://www.ungranviaje.org/libro Si quieres conocer historias en primera persona de otros viajeros, este evento te gustará: > Jornadas de los grandes viajes: https://www.jornadasgrandesviajes.es ¿Te gusta este podcast? ¿Quieres agradecernos el trabajo que hacemos? APOYA ESTE PROGRAMA: conviértete en mecenas en iVoox o Patreon. Más info en: > https://www.ungranviaje.org/podcast-de-viajes/apoya-podcast-un-gran-viaje/

Gli imperiali hanno finora provato a tenere una diga di linee difensive, in modo da contenere i Longobardi. Questo, in attesa dell'inevitabile missione di soccorso: Longino, Prefetto del Pretorio a Ravenna, attende da anni che il suo Narsete raduni un esercito imperiale, da condurre in Italia per l'inevitabile showdown con i Longobardi. Anche se può costare decenni di sforzi, la storia recente garantisce che alla fine è sempre l'Impero a trionfare, una volta mobilitate le sue apparentemente inesauribili risorse.E cosa accadrà quando un'armata imperiale sbarcherà a Ravenna per affrontare un gruppo di guerrieri longobardi disuniti, senza un Re e in guerra anche con i loro simili? E' chiaro che ci può essere un solo esito. Oppure no?---Si ringrazia Alessio de Lillo di "Benevento Longobarda" per l'immagine---Ascoltate "Economia a polpette" di Jacopo Scarabello!---Vuoi acquistare "Per un pugno di barbari"? clicca al link seguente per Amazon:https://amzn.to/2PNOnjIPer ordinare da una libreria indipendente (che fa sempre bene!) clicca al link seguente: https://www.bookdealer.it/libro/9788828206002/per-un-pugno-di-barbari-come-roma-fu-salvata-dagli-imperatori-soldati---Ti piace il podcast? Sostienilo, accedendo all'episodio premium, al canale su telegram, alla citazione nel podcast, alle première degli episodi e molto altro ancora:https://www.patreon.com/italiastoria o con una donazione su https://italiastoria.com/---►Informazioni sul mio libro "Per un pugno di barbari":https://italiastoria.com/libro/►Trascrizioni episodi, mappe, recensioni, genealogie:https://italiastoria.com/►FacebookPagina: https://www.facebook.com/italiastoriaGruppo: https://www.facebook.com/groups/italiastoria►Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/italiastoria/►Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ItaliaStoria►YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPIENUr6-S0UMJzREn9U5Q►Contattami per commenti, idee e proposte di collaborazione: info@italiastoria.com---Musiche di Riccardo Santatohttps://www.youtube.com/user/sanric77---Grazie ai miei Patreon:Livello Dante Alighieri: Musu Meci e Massimiliano Pastore. Livello Leonardo da Vinci: Paolo, David l'apostata, Massimo, Pablo, Simone, Frazemo, Arianna, Jacopo, Jacopo F., Riccardo, Enrico, Dalla Sicilia.com, Alberto, Davide, Manuel, Andrea, Federico, Bruno, Settimio, Giovanni, Cesare, Jerome, Diego, Francesco, Alanchik, Flavio Ruggeri Fo, Edoardo Vaquer, Stefano Po e Luca CasaliLivello Galileo Galilei: Davide, Francesco, Jacopo Toso, Riccardo, Stefano, Roger, Anna, Pierangelo, Luigi, Antonio, Giulia, Ezra, Andrea, Paola, Daniele, Mariano, Francesca, Gabriella, Alessio, Giovanni, Alessandro, Valerio, Angelo, Alberto, Viviana, Riccardo, Giorgio, Francesco G., Francesco B., Emanuele, Giacomo, Francesco M, Giacomo, Martina, Yuri, Lorenzo, Jamie, Gianluca, Danilo, Echtelion, Matteo, Valerio P., Guglielmo, Michele, Massimo, Tommaso J, e Francesco C., Stefano, Giulio S., Davide P. Grazie anche a tutti i miei sostenitori al livello Marco Polo!

We are soooo excited to have guest Meg Tietz of Sorta Awesome! Join us awe we chat about why friendships for just you, the homeschooling parent, are so important. There is a lot here to glean and take to heart. As always, we start with our Homeschooling Moments of the Week and after our Topic Talk, we give you ways to Make It Personal. We close out with homeschooling hacks, advice, or … a gross recipe? 1:10 Meg Tietz of the Sorta Awesome Show 3:22 Homeschooling Moments of the Week (HSMotW) 3:25 HSMotW Rachel 433 Rachel and her inflatable globe 4:40 HSMotW Meg Link for you about eels recommended by Meg and her boys 5:57 HSMotW Mindy 7:00 Topic Talk: Friendship and Community for YOU 7:18 Ep 5 Embracing Our Kids for Who They Are 7:28 Sorta Awesome Community 7:47 Meg's Book??? 9:14 Why is this important? 9:24 Sorta Awesome Ep 285: The Friendship Advice We All Need Right Now 9:31 Friend Forward Podcast 11:52 Benefits to having our own friendships? 12:33 Voxer app 19:24 What are the hurdles? 21:49 Doritos, Ding Dongs, and Cheese Whiz 22:37 Tips for homeschoolers with littles only? 25:03 Marco Polo app 30:18 What will Meg have to do differently now? 32:00 Bookend Homeschoolers S2 Ep 1 Transitioning Into or Out of Homeschooling 33:10 Make It Personal: Near Bookends 35:04 Make It Personal: Far Bookends 36:10 Take This With You: Meg (best social anxiety tip ever) 37:09 Take This With You: Rachel 38:25 Take This With You: Mindy (unusual cake) Bookend Homeschoolers on Instagram Mindy at gratefulforgrace Rachel at colemountainhomeschool Meg Tietz on IG Sorta Awesome Show on IG Paul's Grandma's Pistachio Cake which he calls: The Best Ever Pistachio Cake Mix the following: 1 box white or yellow cake mix, 1 box pistachio instant pudding, 3 eggs, 1 c club soda, 1 c oil, 1/2 c nuts. Beat all ingredients for 2 mins at medium speed. Do not overbeat. Bake in a bunt pan for 50mins. While cake is baking, make the following icing/filling using 3 c milk, 2 pkg Dream Whip, 2 box of pistachio instant pudding. Whip in a bowl for 5 mins until thick and chill. When cake is cook, cut into 3 layers. Put filling in between layers and ice the top and sides. Paul Brouse says, “You're welcome.”

Synopsis In the year 1840, the immensely talented German pianist Clara Wieck was eagerly awaiting the eve of her 21st birthday, when she would be free to legally marry the 30-year-old composer and music critic Robert Schumann. The couple had hoped to wed years earlier, but the match was bitterly opposed by Clara's father. Clara and Robert kept in touch by letters, which were sometimes intercepted by Papa Wieck. Early in 1840, Clara wrote, “Dear Robert, I love you so much it hurts my heart. Tell me what you're writing. I would so love to know, oh please, please. A quartet, an overture – even perhaps a symphony? Might it by any chance be – a wedding present?” The marriage finally took place on today's date in 1840. As she had guessed, Robert presented Clara with a musical wedding present: not a quartet, overture, or symphony, but a set of 26 songs, published as his Opus 25. The opening song, entitled “Dedication,” is a Rückert poem which contains this refrain: “You are my heart and soul, my bliss and pain, you are the world I live in and the heaven I aspire to, my good angel, my better self.” Music Played in Today's Program Robert Schumann (1810 – 1856) (transcribed by Franz Liszt) Widmung (Michael Ponti, piano) Marco Polo 223.127 Robert Schumann Widmung, fr Op. 25 (Sophie Daneman, soprano; Julius Drake, piano) EMI 72828

Nir Eyal shares what he feels is the most important skill parents should teach their kids Episode 1083: This Is The Most Important Skill Parents Should Teach Their Kids by Nir Eyal of Nir and Far Nir Eyal writes, consults, and teaches about the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. The M.I.T. Technology Review dubbed Nir, “The Prophet of Habit-Forming Technology.” Nir founded two tech companies since 2003 and has taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is the author of the bestselling book, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. In addition to blogging at NirAndFar.com, Nir's writing has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, TechCrunch, and Psychology Today. Nir is also an active investor in habit-forming technologies. Some of his past investments include: Eventbrite, Product Hunt, Pantry, Marco Polo, Presence Learning, 7 Cups, Pana, Symphony Commerce, Worklife (acquired by Cisco) and Refresh.io (acquired by LinkedIn). Nir attended The Stanford Graduate School of Business and Emory University. The original post is located here: https://www.nirandfar.com/most-important-skill/  Please Rate & Review the Show!  Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com and in The O.L.D. Facebook Group  Join the Ol' Family to get your Free Gifts Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalRelationshipsDailyMarriageParenting Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nir Eyal shares what he feels is the most important skill parents should teach their kids Episode 1083: This Is The Most Important Skill Parents Should Teach Their Kids by Nir Eyal of Nir and Far Nir Eyal writes, consults, and teaches about the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. The M.I.T. Technology Review dubbed Nir, “The Prophet of Habit-Forming Technology.” Nir founded two tech companies since 2003 and has taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is the author of the bestselling book, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. In addition to blogging at NirAndFar.com, Nir's writing has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, TechCrunch, and Psychology Today. Nir is also an active investor in habit-forming technologies. Some of his past investments include: Eventbrite, Product Hunt, Pantry, Marco Polo, Presence Learning, 7 Cups, Pana, Symphony Commerce, Worklife (acquired by Cisco) and Refresh.io (acquired by LinkedIn). Nir attended The Stanford Graduate School of Business and Emory University. The original post is located here: https://www.nirandfar.com/most-important-skill/ Please Rate & Review the Show! Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com and in The O.L.D. Facebook Group Join the Ol' Family to get your Free Gifts Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalRelationshipsDailyMarriageParenting

On Thursday September 9th, 2021 the Hermetic Hour with host Poke Runyon will present a discussion on the vast Central Asian kingdom of Tartaria and the medieval legend of Prester John, the mysterious Christian monarch who was said to have ruled a huge empire West of China and to have written letters to the Pope and kings in Europe. Mentioned by Marco Polo and other European travelers to the Orient Prester John  was a political Holy Grail quest for Crusaders seeking allies against the Muslims. But John and his kingdom was never found -- and yet there may have been a Christian king and warlord in Central Asia in medieval times as new historical research and archeology are discovering. In Medieval times the boundaries of Tartaria stretched from China to Eastern Europe; an area defined by the conquests of Genghis Khan and his sons. Only recently have we come to realize that Europeans have been living in Central Asia for thousands of years. Many of the Central Asian tribes and even nations riding under Mongol banners in the middle ages were actually  Caucasian Christians descendants of the ancient Scythians, Armenians and Indo-Europeans. The real history of Central Asia has been suppressed and mistranslated. We will suggest who the real Prester John might have been. So put on your fedora, snap your bullwhip and lets follow the Silk Road to adventure.

Pablo Strubell, autor de este podcast, recorrió la Ruta de la seda en su primer gran viaje. Fue un viaje que duró 8 meses, y que arrancó en Turquía, en Estambul, el 20 de abril de 2005. Luego continuó por Irán y Turkmenistán, hasta donde llega el relato de esta primera parte. En el podcast #84 recorreremos Uzbekistán, Tayikistán, Kirguizistán y China. Tras China el viaje siguió tres meses más, pero ya desvinculado de la Ruta de la seda por Myanmar, Tailandia, Malasia, Singapur y, finalmente, Filipinas, motivo por el que no se hablará de estos destinos en estos dos podcast sobre la ruta que hizo famosa Marco Polo. El de Pablo fue un viaje realizado en transportes públicos, con una mochila preparada para el calor más extremo de los desiertos y el frío de los pasos de Asia Central. Un viaje duro por su extensión, por transitar por países que solo 14 años antes se habían abierto al turismo, por la gran diversidad de idiomas y culturas y, sobre todo, por las dificultades logísticas y burocráticas... Puedes leer el blog del viaje en https://www.ungranviaje.org/2015/01/la-ruta-de-la-seda-resumen-de-viaje/ Libro del autor: ¡Te odio, Marco Polo! https://www.laeditorialviajera.es/tienda/te-odio-marco-polo-2/ Episodio patrocinado por Webempresa https://www.webempresa.com/ ¡25% de descuento con el cupón "ungranviaje"! Si sueñas con hacer un gran viaje como este te recomendamos: > Nuestro libro "Cómo preparar un gran viaje": https://www.ungranviaje.org/libro Si quieres conocer historias en primera persona de otros viajeros, este evento te gustará: > Jornadas de los grandes viajes: https://www.jornadasgrandesviajes.es ¿Te gusta este podcast? ¿Quieres agradecernos el trabajo que hacemos? APOYA ESTE PROGRAMA: conviértete en mecenas en iVoox o Patreon. Más info en: > https://www.ungranviaje.org/podcast-de-viajes/apoya-podcast-un-gran-viaje/

MAWP Tacoma presents the MAWPCAST 1 Radio Program Season 3 Episode 46 Hosted by Potter, Sound Man Chris & Ashlee Marie! It's our 100th episode! MAWP tub Hot Cast! This week we talk about things and play music... We discuss Chocolate and peanut butter... The Black Crows... Safe Words... Golf ball buoyancy... Marco Polo... a story about a podcast where these two guys watched Fast & Furious at 3x speed... Thanks for all your support! Subscribe to our YouTube!  Check out our Website!  Tweet us on Twitter!  Follow us on Facebook!  Look at us on Instagram!  Watch us on Twitch!  Listen to us on Bandcamp!  Visit our Patreon!  On this weeks episode we play these songs by the following bands: 1. Watch Rome Burn "Join a Cult" (Bandcamp) 2. Biznautics "Long Beach, Wa." Make Your Escape (Soundcloud) 3. Girl Trouble "Railroad to Tears" Thrillsphere (Website) 4. Blunt Force "Raised on Destruction" (Featuring Ben Gassman) Raised on Destruction (Bandcamp) 5. Victoria Fragoso "No Moon" (Bandcamp) 6. Stoned Evergreen Travelers "Echoes of Silence" (ReverbNation) 7. The Tonins "RaAmen" Anxiety (Spotify) 8. Elk & Boar "Canyon" Room to Start (Bandcamp) 9. Kid Blast "Gasoline Girls" Kid Blast (MAWP Tacoma) 10. Criminal Nation "Lifestyles of the Nation" Trouble in the Hood (MAWP Tacoma) 11. Colin Scott Reynolds "GBMF" TAPE 6 - THE ROYAL WE (Bandcamp) 12. Easiah "Get Your Mind Right" Ta Ta Tacoma (Bandcamp) 13. Western Spyders "Genetic Memory" Hideout City (Bandcamp) 14. Church of Hate "B.W.R." Church of Hate EP (ReverbNation) 15. Jessica Lynne Witty "Wildfire" (Bandcamp) 16. Giant Pacific Apparition "Post Shit-hole" Shit Songs (Bandcamp) 17. 13 Scars "Stand and be Heard" 13 Scars (ReverbNation) 18. Smelter "Trust" The Great Mysterious Lost Smelter Album (MAWP Tacoma) 19. Utterance "Dirty Lingerie" Your Blood is Our Steak Sauce (ReverbNation) 20. The Breaklites "Can You Tell" In the Trunk (Bandcamp) 21. Villan "Y-Not" Villan (MAWP Tacoma) 22. The Wrong-Notes "Cannon Beach" Reverb Rockin' with the Wrong-Notes (MAWP Tacoma) 23. Sleeper Cell "Condenser" Strumming the Umbilical Chord (Bandcamp) 24. The Nightgowns "Buoy" Sing Something (Bandcamp) 25. The Whole Bolivian Army "Maybe" Bells (Bandcamp) 26. The Sonics "Keep a Knockin' Here Are the Sonics (Bandcamp) 27. Amina YaQar "Good For Me" Not Your Average Soul (Bandcamp) 28. The Griffs "Correspondence" The Griffs (Bandcamp) 29. The Prophets of Addiction "Rejection" Babylon Boulevard (ReverbNation) 30. Cody Foster Army "American Hoodoo" (Featuring French Walker) Outsourced (Bandcamp) 31. Joint Ephurt "Keep 4 Getting" Da Short Joint (MAWP Tacoma) 32. Prayerfactory "Beautiful on the Inside" (MAWP Tacoma) 33. Los Vatos Locos "Bonded" Los Vatos Locos (MAWP Tacoma) 34. Mahnhammer "Music Hath Charms" Above the New Frontier (Bandcamp) 35. Fawna Flora "Backroads" EP (Bandcamp) 36. Re-Activate "1/4 Passed 7:30" Prevailing Domination (Bandcamp) © 2021 MAWP Tacoma  

In today's episode: Garrett Michael Ziegler is the founder of research firm Marco Polo and a former Trump White House staffer who served under Peter Navarro advising the President on Trade and Manufacturing Policy We discuss: Economic nationalism and the misguided move away from national sovereignty Why there are so many commies/Bolsheviks running around, messing everything up Nihilism in modern culture and organizations of power And then, the laptop from hell... Hunter Biden isn't a black sheep, the Biden family is a black flock - they're all bad How Marco Polo is approaching the research into Hunter's hard drive and the report it will yield The joy of EXIF data How and why Hunter's laptop was discarded or forgotten at the Mac repair shop Selling Joe's influence is the family business The problem with greed Listen and support the podcast: anchor.fm/imyourmoderator Merch site: www.cancelcouture.com or shop.spreadshirt.com/cancel-couture Writing at: imyourmoderator.substack.com Follow the podcast info stream: t.me/imyourmoderator

Synopsis On today's date in 1853, the Viennese Theatrical News wrote: “At the big ball at Unger's Casino, Josef Strauss performed his new waltz, entitled ‘The First and the Last,' which had to be encored no less than six times.” That occasion marked the debut of Josef Strauss as composer and occurred just a few weeks after the debut of Josef Strauss as conductor. Josef was the younger brother of the popular waltz king, Johann Strauss, Jr., and initially embarked on a non-musical career as a talented architect, mathematician, and civil engineer. Josef had designed the waterworks for an Austrian town, devised a new table of logarithms for secondary school use, and invented a new street cleaning machine approved by the Vienna City Council. And then, one night, his older brother collapsed from overwork and dutifully Josef took over directing the family orchestra. Since everyone assumed that ALL the Strauss family wrote music, he agreed to write a “one off” waltz he titled “The first AND the last.” Well, it proved so popular that Josef Strauss followed it with another, entitled “The First AFTER the Last.” Josef Strauss then bowed to destiny, bid his engineering and scientific career ‘adieu', and joined the family music concern. Music Played in Today's Program Josef Strauss (1827 - 1870) — Lullaby Waltz (Budapest Strauss Symphony; Alfred Walter, cond.) Marco Polo 8.223561

Nello scorso episodio, abbiamo visto come i Longobardi sono discesi dal Mons Regis giù verso le campagne del Nord Italia. Il loro Re Alboin, un leader incontrastato e carismatico, ha conquistato Verona, Milano e Pavia: tre dei più importanti centri di potere dell'Italia tardoantica. L'invasione, per quanto abbiamo potuto comprendere, è stata pacifica, soprattutto grazie al fatto che gli imperiali non sono stati in grado di controbattere, per il momento.Eppure a Ravenna e Costantinopoli nessun dorme: ci sono armi nell'arsenale imperiale che sono altrettanto mortali di un reparto di arcieri a cavallo. In questo episodio, Alboin assaggerà le conseguenze di mettersi contro la superpotenza del Mediterraneo.---Vuoi acquistare "Per un pugno di barbari"? clicca al link seguente per Amazon:https://amzn.to/2PNOnjIPer ordinare da una libreria indipendente (che fa sempre bene!) clicca al link seguente: https://www.bookdealer.it/libro/9788828206002/per-un-pugno-di-barbari-come-roma-fu-salvata-dagli-imperatori-soldati---Ti piace il podcast? Sostienilo, accedendo all'episodio premium, al canale su telegram, alla citazione nel podcast, alle première degli episodi e molto altro ancora:https://www.patreon.com/italiastoria o con una donazione su https://italiastoria.com/---►Informazioni sul mio libro "Per un pugno di barbari":https://italiastoria.com/libro/►Trascrizioni episodi, mappe, recensioni, genealogie:https://italiastoria.com/►FacebookPagina: https://www.facebook.com/italiastoriaGruppo: https://www.facebook.com/groups/italiastoria►Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/italiastoria/►Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ItaliaStoria►YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPIENUr6-S0UMJzREn9U5Q►Contattami per commenti, idee e proposte di collaborazione: info@italiastoria.com---Musiche di Riccardo Santatohttps://www.youtube.com/user/sanric77---Grazie ai miei Patreon:Livello Dante Alighieri: Musu Meci. Livello Leonardo da Vinci: Paolo, David l'apostata, Massimo, Pablo, Simone, Frazemo Arianna, Jacopo, Jacopo F., Riccardo, Enrico, Dalla Sicilia.com, Alberto, Davide, Manuel, Andrea, Federico, Bruno, Settimio, Giovanni, Cesare, Jerome, Diego, Francesco, Alanchik e Flavio Ruggeri Fo.Livello Galileo Galilei: Davide, Francesco, Jacopo Toso, Riccardo, Stefano, Roger, Anna, Pierangelo, Luigi, Antonio, Giulia, Ezra, Andrea, Paola, Daniele, Mariano, Francesca, Gabriella, Alessio, Giovanni, Alessandro, Valerio, Angelo, Alberto, Viviana, Riccardo, Giorgio, Francesco G., Francesco B., Emanuele, Giacomo, Francesco M, Giacomo, Martina, Yuri, Lorenzo, Jamie, Gianluca, Danilo, Echtelion, Matteo, Valerio P., Guglielmo, Michele, Massimo, Tommaso J, e Francesco C. Grazie anche a tutti i miei sostenitori al livello Marco Polo!

July was a crazy month. As a family, we had a ton going on. We had Kid's Camp and Youth Camp at retreat camp centers for 4 of our 5 kids for 5 days each. During one of those camps, Teresa and I slipped away for 4 days to the beach.  I had a 5-day father / son camping trip with my son to the Adirondacks that I do with each son. This was with my 8-year-old Kye.  It was glorious being off the grid for 5 days with no phone or social media! We just connected, camped, swam, boated, ate, heard campfire stories, songs, and devotions, and did shooting sports and hiking! Awesomeness! Coach Josh was also away in Florida for 2 weeks, so we had to move our coaching to Marco Polo and email. Even with all of this going on, I had BIG goals!The first step in this process was putting our money where our mouth was. On July 7th, we booked it! Booked what? We booked a rental house on the Gulf Coast for a whole month next winter! The house is awesome with 7 beds, a porch, and a short 8 minute ride to the beach.  There's a pool table too. Our kids are so excited and so are we! We've never done anything like this before.  July had to be a big month to get this "Freedom Vision "cranking.Before I go into the details of our month and share tidbits from coaching, let me give you the end results. We started the month with no employees, no payroll, no systems, a new accounting firm client for $3,000 per month that we had to staff, and no clue! The month ended with no new clients, which is the sad news. But we fully outsourced and completed our Quickbooks migration from desktop to online and have an accountant walking us through whatever we need for a year. Our financial system is now automated! I can't believe it! We hired a payroll service and a background check company. I built out a basic onboarding  system, job description, and training system. Teresa and I were trained how to use the online payroll dashboard to submit employee hours. I found out that I wasn't submitting payroll correctly for the state and local taxes. Thankfully, my new payroll company fixed it for me and I'm paying a penalty for the remainder of the year. That's a relief. I hired my first employee. Leah works full time at a daycare and is a college grad. She wanted a part-time job to make $500 per month and found me through a referral. It works out perfectly. She started training on July 29th! It's crazy! I also was privy to systems used by my coach. I am so grateful for this. At the end of the month, Josh introduced me to his HR & Finance Manager. We talked for over an hour. I helped him by teaching him the ISO Model to increase revenues in their company. He taught me their onboarding process and is sending the documents, videos, and other forms & ads I need to start a strategic hiring process. I also completed a branding change from Carfagno Cleaning to Carfagno Commercial Cleaning and my C3 Experience. My friend Billy designed a new logo and I upgraded my proposal to new offices prospects with my new branding. As I even share this, I'm dumbfounded at how much I got done this month when at times it felt like nothing was happening! Last but not least, I added a key member to my team. For the first time in 16 years, my wife Teresa is stepping up to help the family company. She is a busy homeschooling mom of 5, so I NEVER asked her involvement. I am grateful that she is helping with admin and is taking over the QBO and payroll components from me! I am working hard to delegate as much as possible to focus on growth of new clients and new team members!Read the rest of this article at the Smart Cleaning School website

Today on TruNews, Rick Wiles shares with the audience his concern that America has gone too far in their pursuit of sin. The team examines the deception of the current Biden administration in the Afghanistan debacle, as Americans are left behind on Taliban kill lists. Matt Skow joins the Godcast to give an update on the upcoming documentary The Greatest Reset. In our final segment, Edward Szall speaks with Garrett Ziegler, founder of Marco Polo, who talks about his time in the Trump administration, and the challenge of living for Christ in the Nation's capital. Rick Wiles, Edward Szall, Raymond Burkhart, Kerry Kinsey. Airdate (8/27/21)

Este lunes nos acompaña el actor y comediante, Marco Polo. Con quien platicamos acerca de su pasión por el teatro, la polémica demanda a la que se tuvo que enfrentar, intentos de censura, sus nuevos personajes y mucho más.

Nir Eyal of NirAndFar talks about temptation and consumer marketing Episode 326: Temptation by Nir Eyal on The Pyschology of Products & Consumer Marketing Nir Eyal writes, consults, and teaches about the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. The M.I.T. Technology Review dubbed Nir, “The Prophet of Habit-Forming Technology.” Nir founded two tech companies since 2003 and has taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is the author of the bestselling book, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. In addition to blogging at NirAndFar.com, Nir's writing has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, TechCrunch, and Psychology Today. Nir is also an active investor in habit-forming technologies. Some of his past investments include: Eventbrite, Product Hunt, Pantry, Marco Polo, Presence Learning, 7 Cups, Pana, Symphony Commerce, Worklife (acquired by Cisco) and Refresh.io (acquired by LinkedIn). Nir attended The Stanford Graduate School of Business and Emory University. The original post is located here: https://www.nirandfar.com/temptation/ With NetGear WiFi 6 Business solutions, you get the very best WiFi performance, security, and coverage to keep you connected whether you're at the office, working from home, or on the go. Visit NetGear.com/Business and use code OPTIMAL10 at checkout to save 10% Did you know that companies that blog consistently receive 67% more leads than those that don't? BKA Content, a content writing agency with 10+ years of experience, now offers a monthly subscription that will do it all for you. Go to BKAcontent.com/osd to learn more and get your free month of blogs. Please Rate & Review the Show! Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com and in The O.L.D. Facebook Group Join the Ol' Family to get your Free Gifts and join our online community: OLDPodcast.com/group Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalStartUpDaily

Synopsis On today's date in 1893 the French composer Lili Boulanger was born in Paris. In 1913, when she was 20, Lili Boulanger became the first woman to win the prestigious Prix de Rome for her cantata “Faust and Helen,” an achievement which was headline news in those days. Lili's father, Ernst, had he lived to see it, would have been especially proud, since he, too, was a composer and had won the Prix de Rome himself back in 1835. The Boulangers were a remarkably talented family, it seems, and it's one of music history's saddest “what-might-have-beens” to consider what Lili might have accomplished if she had lived as long as her gifted older sister, Nadia Boulanger, who died at 92 after a long career as the world's most famous composition teacher. Nadia could count among her pupils several generations of famous American composers, ranging from Aaron Copland to Philip Glass. Lili Boulanger suffered from Crohn's disease, and died at just 24 years of age, in 1918. Despite her frail health and tragically short life, Lili Boulanger left behind a small body of vocal and instrumental works that are still performed. Her Psalm settings in particular are admired for their solemnity and deep spirit. Music Played in Today's Program Lili Boulanger (1893 - 1918) – D'un matin de printemps (Olivier Charlier, violin; Emile Naoumoff, piano) Marco Polo 8.223636

At the Sauseech Swinging Party Down the Line On the latest Pod Yourself A Gun, TV writer, musician, Simpsons expert and former MAD magazine editor Allie Goertz joins Matt and Vince to talk about The Sopranos most dudes rockingest episode yet, season four episode eight, “Marco Polo.” Tony the party host is off-color joking and sauseech swinging to celebrate Hugh DeAngelis's 75th birthday, even if Mary DeAngelis and former assistant to the Ambassador to the Vatican Dr Russ Fegoli are too sophisticated to appreciate it. As pointed out on the podcast, Tony and the crew are mobsters but they are also boring suburbanites who care about kitchen appliances and making a good impression on their in-laws' stuffy friends. Ordinary fangul people, Madonn'! Allie reveals that she was inspired by some of Tony's therapy scenes to raise some topics in her actual therapy sessions, proving that watching The Sopranos (and listening to the only podcast about it) is a form of self-care. So please, take care of yourself. We've been meaning to tell you, we're worried about you. You do not look well lately. There is no shame in reaching out to a friend (to tell them about the pod). Instead of a five page Christmas update letter, write us a five-star review on Apple Podcasts Subscribe to Pod Yourself A Gun on Apple Podcasts Email us at frotcast@gmail.com; leave us a voicemail at 415-275-0030 Support the Pod: become a patron at patreon.com/Frotcast and get more bonus content than you could ever want, AND if you sign up for the Pod Yourself a Shoutout tier, you can bask in the glory of hearing your name on the podcast like this week's newest member: Maryland.   -Description by Brent Flyberg.

Welcome to episode #788 of Six Pixels of Separation. Here it is: Six Pixels of Separation - Episode #788 - Host: Mitch Joel. What are your silver linings from this pandemic? I've had a few (and I know my level of privilege to even be this lucky). One silver lining was taking part in a mastermind (or a virtual meet-up) with just a handful of people that, mostly, took place on an app called, Marco Polo. One of the people in the group was Ron Friedman. I knew his name. I knew him as the author of, The Best Place To Work, but we had never met. Over the course of a few months, we not only got to know each, but become friends. A true silver lining. Ron is an award-winning psychologist who has served on the faculty of many prestigious colleges and has consulted political leaders, nonprofits and global brands. Accounts of his research have appeared in many of the famed outlets like NPR, The Guardian, Harvard Business Review, Psychology Today, and many more. Ron is the founder of ignite80, a learning and development company that is focused at the intersections of neuroscience, human physiology, and behavioral economics. His latest book is title, Decoding Greatness - How the Best in the World Reverse Engineer Success. Enjoy the conversation... Running time: 1:00:52. Hello from beautiful Montreal. Subscribe over at Apple Podcasts. Please visit and leave comments on the blog - Six Pixels of Separation. Feel free to connect to me directly on Facebook here: Mitch Joel on Facebook. or you can connect on LinkedIn. ...or on Twitter. Here is my conversation with Ron Friedman. Decoding Greatness - How the Best in the World Reverse Engineer Success. The Best Place To Work. ignite80. Follow Ron on LinkedIn. Follow Ron on Twitter. This week's music: David Usher 'St. Lawrence River'.    

If you love pulled pork products, but hate kids playing Marco Polo in the pool, then grab your sash and tiara and let's go to Mount Rose Minnesota for the incredibly brilliant and groundbreaking look at small-town pageants: DROP DEAD GORGEOUS Rob and Robbie discuss how this movie went from critical failure to queer success, the genius of Allison Janney, the Academy Awards' ignorance about comic performances, their favorite lines, a wish for Kirstie Alley, and why this movie is surviving cancel culture. Follow us on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook DONATE HERE   Next episode: THE CELLULOID CLOSET

durée : 00:54:54 - Le temps d'un bivouac - par : Daniel FIEVET - Ce vénitien a effectué un immense périple au XIIIème siècle. Il est allé jusqu'en Chine par voie terrestre, en passant par la Perse, l'Afghanistan et le Pamir puis est revenu par la mer, via Sumatra, Ceylan et le golfe persique. - réalisé par : Hélène KOUYOUMDJIAN

Todas las ciudades, pueblos, condados, ranchos y rincones del mundo tienen leyendas; estas historias que no hay manera de comprobar pero podrían ser reales. En esta ocasión viajamos a Monterrey, Nuevo León para platicar con uno de los comediantes más chingones del país y que nos contara de estas historias propias de la ciudad que lo vio nacer. Paty y Ana Julia indagan lo necesario para saber sobre "La Casa de los Tubos", "Los Hombres Pájaro", "Los Vendedores de Ollas" y los matrimonios entre primos. Sin duda un episodio imperdible.

It's the shoutout game but with a twist! Listen to hear Nick's Game of the Week!

Watch Emily attempt to make a boozie watermelon cocktail! Live in the Chicago area and want to support a good cause AND see some excellent live music? Get your tickets for Tomfest HERE! Check out the Chicken & Corn Stir Fry Recipe Sarah made!   Listen to all of Jeff's original, face-melting tunes!    AND you can also listen to all of Jeff's Tunes on SOUNDCLOUD   Subscribe to our YOUTUBE CHANNEL!  Have Questions? Send yours to askjeff@comeonover.com! 

Nir Eyal of NirAndFar tells you how to hook users in 3 steps Episode 302: Hooking Users In 3 Steps: An Intro to Habit Testing by Nir Eyal of NirAndFar on Technology Habit Setting Nir Eyal writes, consults, and teaches about the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. The M.I.T. Technology Review dubbed Nir, “The Prophet of Habit-Forming Technology.” Nir founded two tech companies since 2003 and has taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is the author of the bestselling book, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. In addition to blogging at NirAndFar.com, Nir's writing has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, TechCrunch, and Psychology Today. Nir is also an active investor in habit-forming technologies. Some of his past investments include: Eventbrite, Product Hunt, Pantry, Marco Polo, Presence Learning, 7 Cups, Pana, Symphony Commerce, Worklife (acquired by Cisco) and Refresh.io (acquired by LinkedIn). Nir attended The Stanford Graduate School of Business and Emory University. The original post is located here: https://www.nirandfar.com/2012/04/hooking-users-in-3-steps.html Indeed is the #1 source of hires in the U.S. Join over three million businesses worldwide that use Indeed to hire great talent. Get a $75 credit at Indeed.com/startup. Offer valid through September 30th. Terms and conditions apply With NetGear WiFi 6 Business solutions, you get the very best WiFi performance, security, and coverage to keep you connected whether you're at the office, working from home, or on the go. Visit NetGear.com/Business and use code OPTIMAL10 at checkout to save 10% Please Rate & Review the Show! Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com and in The O.L.D. Facebook Group Join the Ol' Family to get your Free Gifts and join our online community: OLDPodcast.com/group Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalStartUpDaily