Podcasts about Cretaceous

Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. Life arose in the oceans and only much later spread to the land. But some land animals returned to the ocean and eventually became fully marine animals. That's our topic this month, animals that returned to the sea. Vertebrates that evolved on land are called tetrapods, meaning four-footed. It applies even to animals like birds that have two legs and two wings, and snakes that have no legs, because all the ancestors of tetrapods had four legs. Returning to marine life as a tetrapod eventually results in an animal developing certain characteristics. Even animals like sea turtles become more streamlined, which helps the animal swim more easily, and arms and legs develop into flippers for the same reason. Sometimes limbs are lost completely, like the rear legs of cetaceans and sirenians, because they're not needed. One interesting note is that as far as we know, all marine tetrapods still have to breathe air, which requires them to come to the surface of the water periodically. The ancestors of marine tetrapods probably all started out as partially aquatic and gradually became more and more at home in the water. That's true even for animals as well adapted to marine life as whales. Some of the earliest whale ancestors were the ambulocetids, which probably looked sort of like a cross between a hippopotamus and a crocodile. Ambulocetid means “walking whale,” but there's some evidence that it might have already evolved to be fully aquatic 49 million years ago. It had short legs that might not have been strong enough to support it out of water. It might have been covered with short fur like a seal but it might have had little to no fur, more like a hippopotamus. Either way, it had long toothy jaws, strong legs with webbed toes that it used to propel itself through the water, and a tail that probably resembled that of an otter. It grew about ten feet long, or 3 meters. Ambulocetids lived in shallow coastal areas where the land was swampy, and it may have spent part of its time in fresh water. It wouldn't have looked or acted much like a whale to us, but it was already developing features now found only in whales. By around 41 million years ago, the basilosaurids and their close relations had evolved, and were definitely fully aquatic. Their nostrils had moved almost to the location of modern whales' blowholes. Their forelegs were basically flippers with little fingers, their hind legs had almost disappeared, and they had tail flukes. They were also much bigger than their ancestors. Basilosaurus could grow up to 60 feet long, or 18 meters, and probably looked more like a gigantic eel than a modern whale. It was long and relatively thin, and may have mostly lived at the ocean's surface instead of diving for food. Dakosaurus wasn't a dinosaur despite its name, although it lived at the same time as the dinosaurs, about 145 million years ago. It was a crocodylomorph that grew up to about 16 feet long, or 5 meters, and looked kind of like a shark with legs—but also a lot like a crocodile wearing a shark costume. Its tail had a fin near the end that made it resemble a shark's tail, and its legs were flipper-like but still obviously legs. It had a whole lot of big serrated teeth in a deep skull with strong jaws. Because its jaws and teeth were so strong, in fact, scientists think Dakosaurus probably ate other marine reptiles instead of just fish. While Dakosaurus was streamlined and well adapted to life in the ocean, we don't know if it left the water to lay its eggs on land the way sea turtles still do or if it gave birth in the water. We don't have any nest sites or young specimens one way or another. Other marine reptiles definitely gave birth in the water, including ichthyosaurs. Ichthyosaurs and their close relations were incredibly successful, first appearing in the fossil record around 250 million years ago and last appearing around 90 million years ago. Most ichthyosaurs grew around 6 and a half to 11 feet long, or 2 to 3.3 meters, depending on species, so while they were pretty big animals, they weren't enormous. They would have been fast, though, and looked a lot like fish or dolphins, with four flippers, a dorsal fin, a long tail with fins, and a long thin rostrum with lots of little teeth. We know they gave birth to live young because we have fossils of female ichthyosaurs who died in the process of giving birth, with the baby's tail outside of its mother but the rest of it still in the birth canal. We have other fossils of ichthyosaurs with partially developed young in what would have been the mother's uterus. We also have lots of ichthyosaur coprolites that show us what it ate, since the coprolites fossilized with pieces of undigested food in them. This includes fish scales and squid beaks. Of course, if you want to talk about big marine reptiles, you have to talk about mosasaurs. They lived in the late Cretaceous and went extinct at the same time as the non-avian dinosaurs. The earlier species of mosasaur are pretty small, but after ichthyosaurs went extinct, mosasaurs got really really big. Some estimates for the largest species range up to almost 50 feet long, or 15 meters, and maybe even longer. Mosasaurs looked kind of like streamlined iguanas, with four flippers, a shark-like tail, but a very lizard-like head. They probably ate other marine reptiles, including smaller species of mosasaur, along with sharks and other fish, dinosaurs that made the mistake of getting in the water, and sea turtles. Honestly, mosasaurs could eat whatever they could catch, and they could probably catch just about anything. Their jaws were double-hinged, which allowed them to swallow prey whole like snakes do. We even have some skin impressions of mosasaurs that show smooth scales similar to those of snakes, and one study suggests that mosasaurs might have had forked tongues too. Mosasaurs were distantly related to snakes, but they were more closely related to monitor lizards that also have forked tongues. Speaking of snakes, we'll finish with an animal that people don't usually remember when they think of animals that have returned to the ocean: sea snakes. Not all sea snakes are fully marine. One genus spends part of its time on land and still lays eggs, but fully marine sea snakes give birth to live young. Researchers aren't sure if the sea snakes that are fully marine were able to completely stop returning to the land because they already gave birth to live young or if that developed after the snakes started spending part of the time in the water. The sea snake has a single lung, like most snakes, but unlike snakes that live on land this lung extends almost the length of the whole body (but not the tail). The snake's nostrils are at the top of its snout so it can breathe without sticking too much of its head above water, and its extra-long lung can store lots of air so the snake doesn't have to breathe too often. Some sea snakes can stay underwater for up to about two hours, partly because of the air stored in the lung, but also because they can absorb some oxygen from the water through their skin. Studies have shown that a sea snake can absorb almost 25% of the oxygen it needs through its skin. Sea snakes are pretty big, with the largest growing up to 10 feet long, or 3 meters. Most are about half that length. They live in warm tropical oceans, usually in shallow water, and eat fish and other small animals. The sea snake's body is slightly flattened side to side and its tail is much more flattened like a paddle, which is how it swims. In most cases, if a sea snake is washed ashore, it's unable to crawl and is pretty much helpless. Terrestrial snakes have enlarged ventral scales that the snake can move up and down, allowing the edges of the scales to grab dirt or leaves or whatever the snake is moving over. This gives it a purchase, and as the scales move they push the body forward. Most sea snakes don't have these specialized ventral scales and have regular smooth scales instead. But while most sea snakes can't move on land, if you see one stranded, don't try to pick it up to help it. All sea snakes are extremely venomous. (Use a long paddle to push the sea snake back into the water, or better yet, call an expert who can safely return the snake to the water.) Most sea snakes are brightly colored as a result, to warn potential predators away. Many have stripes and are absolutely gorgeous. Generally, if you encounter a sea snake while you're swimming, the snake isn't going to bite you. You're too big for it to swallow and it doesn't want to waste its venom on you. Don't bother it and it won't bother you unless it feels threatened. Just swim calmly away and be glad it's not a mosasaur. Thanks for your support, and thanks for listening!

In this episode of Let's Talk Creation, Paul and Todd visit the Norfolk coast to discover the wonders of the fossil record firsthand! Hunstanton Beach has beautiful cliffs exposing layers of Cretaceous sandstone and limestone. Our hosts look at interesting features of those layers, and Paul promises Todd more fossils than he can possibly imagine! What could those fossils be? Tune in to find out!Episodes mentioned in this episode:Episode 6: The Geologic Column for Beginners (Part 1)https://youtu.be/yfq1wje8uzIEpisode 7: The Geologic Column for Beginners (Part 2)https://youtu.be/wHHp9B762wk

From suburban horror to the back end of the Cretaceous, the American genre picture keeps finding new ways to burn down the cul-de-sac. The End of Oak Street, the latest from It Follows director David Robert Mitchell, is a studio tentpole carrying an arthouse thesis, offering Anne Hathaway and Ewan McGregor as a marriage coming apart at the seams while something much older comes down the street. Along with a fleet of dinosaurs shot without an ounce of reverence, it takes to task suburban rot, willful ignorance, and the family unit under pressure, to largely successful effect.Mike White of The Projection Booth joins the show to talk David Robert Mitchell, dinosaur cinema, and so much more.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-kulturecast--2883470/support.———The Kulturecast is a film and culture podcast from Weirding Way Media, hosted by Chris Stachiw, the Doctor of Podcasting, alongside a rotating table of guest co-hosts. Each week digs into where film and culture meet — and how each one bends the other. Now home to sub-feeds including Required Viewing: A 360° Film Study with Dr. David D. Perlmutter.New episodes weekly.Subscribe on Apple Podcasts → https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-kulturecast/id931361376Spotify → https://open.spotify.com/show/5wjxip9XVYapYuY12yEaGY.Back the show: https://www.patreon.com/cw/kulturecast

Dinosaurs. Lasers. Futuristic armour. Evil aliens. What more could you possibly want?This week on The Insanely Dangerous Retropodshow, Dangerous Dave heads back to 1988 to celebrate one of the most gloriously bonkers toy lines of the decade — Dino-Riders!We begin with What Happened Way Back When?, revisiting the music, movies and television of 1988, including Guns N' Roses, Belinda Carlisle, Die Hard, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Beetlejuice, Red Dwarf and The Wonder Years. Then Retro Headlines remembers some of the major stories making news in Britain and America.

The gang discusses two papers that use fossils to understand ecological interactions in the past. The first paper reports predation patterns on fossil blastoids, and the second paper finds brooding in the soft tissue of fossil bivalves. And then… the gang gets very much back on their bullshit… Meanwhile, James simplifies his life, Curt discusses new business ventures, and Amanda is seen.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends look at two papers that look at how animals from a long time ago lived their lives. The first paper looks at a group of animals made of small hard parts with a big round head and tiny things coming off the head that it uses to eat. People did not think that animals ate these animals in the past, but this paper finds a few bits that show they were eaten. It uses a lot of looking at other things to say that this may have been eaten by a fish. The question then is, do we not see more of these animals that have been eaten because the fish don't try to go for them most of the time, or because when they do go for them they completely blow them up when they eat them. The second paper looks at a group of animals that has two hard parts on either side of them. These animals usually fall to pieces when they die because of the soft bits that go away. This paper looks at dead animals that did not fall to pieces because they got covered in the ground before that happened. This paper looks at parts of these that they show are soft bits from a long time ago. They also show the parts where the animal would get water in to breathe, and in that part they find small little animals of the same animal. This is a group that makes little ones that live in these parts that take in water, but start in the parts of the mother. This shows that this was happening in the past in ways that are like how they happen today.   References: Delvene, Graciela, et al. "Exceptionally preserved embryos reveal maternal care in freshwater bivalves since the Cretaceous." Scientific Reports 16.1 (2026): 17691. Drumheller, Stephanie K., Colin D. Sumrall, and J. Richard Kyle. "Crunchy on the outside, chewy on the inside: evidence for vertebrate predation and recovery in the Mississippian blastoid Pentremites spicatus." Lethaia 60.1 (2026): 1-12.

In the new movie “The End Of Oak Street,” bits of a suburban Michigan neighborhood get sucked back through time to a prehistoric world of dinosaurs. It made us wonder, aside from the danger of getting snacked on by an allosaurus, what other challenges would modern humans face in that ancient world? Flora talks with paleontologist Steve Brusatte about the conditions of the late Cretaceous era. Guest: Dr. Steve Brusatte is a paleontologist and author of “The Story of Birds: A New History from their Dinosaur Origins to the Present.” Transcript will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Follow our show on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Bluesky @scifri and sign up for our newsletters. Got a science question that's keeping you up at night? Call us: 877-472-4374 Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This week's Out Now with Aaron and Abe features a clash with the Cretaceous. Deep Blue Sea - The Podcast's Jay Cluitt joins Aaron and Abe to discuss The End of Oak Street, from director David Robert Mitchell and producer J.J. Abrams. Hear what this group has to say about a family going on a dark, prehistoric adventure starring Anne Hathaway and Ewan McGregor. Plus, there's plenty of time for other movie chatter, games, and listener comments. Tune in for Out Now Quickies™ (13:18), Trailer Talk for Beware Boiuna (39:25), the main review (47:00), Games (1:21:06), and Out Now Feedback (1:41:02). So now, if you've got an hour or so to kill… Get yourself a free audiobook and help out the show at AudibleTrial.com/OutNowPodcast! Follow all of us on Twitter/Bluesky/Letterboxd: @Outnow_Podcast, @AaronsPS4, @WalrusMoose, @LifeVsFilm Check out all of our sites, podcasts, and blogs:  TheCodeIsZeek.substack.com, Why So Blu?, We Live Entertainment, Deep Blue Sea - The Podcast Read Aaron's review for The End of Oak Street. Trailer: Beware Boiuna Next Week: Tony / Teenage Sex and Death at Camp Miasma

Ronald Young Jr. reviews The End of Oak Street by himself…RYJ marvels at the year that Anne Hathaway is currently having…RYJ - 4.2 of 5 starsFollow me on IG, TikTok, Threads, Bluesky, and Letterbxd - @ohitsbigronAvailable in theatersStarring Anne Hathaway, Ewan McGregor, Maisy Stella, and Christian Convery Written and Directed by David Robert MitchellFor more information about The End of Oak Street, check out this linkSupport Leaving The Theater on Patreon using this link

About this episode:   New research has identified massive fungal blooms in North America in the Cretaceous period, suggesting significant ecological upheaval before and after the asteroid wiped out the dinosaurs. In this episode: Arturo Casadevall, senior author of the study, explains why these findings are so significant and his hypothesis that fungi gave mammals an evolutionary leg-up over reptiles. Guest:  Dr. Arturo Casadevall, PhD, MS, is chair of the department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and a global expert in host defense mechanisms, fungi, and antibody-based therapies. He is also co-author of the book What If Fungi Win? with Stephanie Desmon. Host:  Stephanie Desmon, MA, is a former journalist, author, and the director of public relations and communications for the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs. Show links and related content:  Fungal Surges Marked Cretaceous Mass Extinction that Ended Age of Dinosaurs—Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health What zombie show 'The Last of Us' gets right about fungus in a warming world—Washington Post What If Fungi Win?—Johns Hopkins University Press The Discovery of a New Clade of Candida Auris—A "Critical Pathogen"—Public Health On Call (August 2024) Transcript information: Looking for episode transcripts? Open our podcast on the Apple Podcasts app (desktop or mobile) or the Spotify mobile app to access an auto-generated transcript of any episode. Closed captioning is also available for every episode on our YouTube channel. Contact us: Have a question about something you heard? Looking for a transcript? Want to suggest a topic or guest? Contact us via email or visit our website. Follow us: @‌PublicHealthPod on Bluesky @‌PublicHealthPod on Instagram @‌JohnsHopkinsSPH on Facebook @‌PublicHealthOnCall on YouTube Here's our RSS feed Note: These podcasts are a conversation between the participants, and do not represent the position of Johns Hopkins University.

Alice finds the Goat GOATHumans Holler Patreon: https://patreon.com/humanshollerJane's Stuffs: https://linktr.ee/janeiac Jane's Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/StonedMonkeyRadio/posts Alice's Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/icecreamwitch_Alice's Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/icecreamwitch.bsky.socialStories UsedLaurenhttps://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2026/06/19/Castle-Rock-Colorado-police-parking-lot-bear/8031781892058/ https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2026/06/16/loose-emu-Byram-Mount-Olive-Budd-Lake-New-Jersey/9121781627719/ Jane https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/mushrooms-used-to-clean-e-coli-from-rivers-and-immediately-implemented-in-england/https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2026/06/18/britian-beavers-London-Underground-flooding-Ealing-Greenford/4701781800216/ (backup / optional)https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2026/06/16/turkey-Imperial-Russian-Ballet-Romeo-Juliet-cat/6311781623355/ (backup / optional)

Chrissie and Thad talk about the season four premiere of Strange New Worlds “Valles Marinaris,” with Dr. Mohamad Noor. Join us in BQN Podcast Collective on Facebook. Find us on the socials:The Network: @BQNPodcastsThe Show: @IDICPodcast.  Chrissie: @TheGoddessLivia.  Thad: @Tyranicus. And our guest: Dr. Mohamad Noor, @mafnoor The BQN Podcast Collective is brought to you by our listeners. Special thanks to these patrons on Patreon whose generous contributions help to produce this podcast and the many others on our network! Chad RidingMei MMischiefCaitG. Haukur GuðmundssonJoe SaporitoMartin MarigomenJaxDaniel EvansLars Di ScenzaSamuel JohnsonJenediahRyan DamonWilliam J. JacksonJonathan SnowJerry AntimanoBe Tellarite, Not TellaWrongShalimar LuisStevenSusan L. De ClerckDavidJason AndersonMatt HarkerDavid WillettCarl WondersVera BTim CooperPeter HongTom Van ScotterJim McMahonJustin OserThad HaitChristina De Clerck-SzilagyiJoe MignoneJoin the Hive Mind Collective at https://www.Patreon.com/BQN and become an integral part of our podcast. Your unique perspective and support will help us continue to produce high-quality content that you love!Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. STAR TREK and all related marks, logos and characters are owned by CBS Studios Inc. “BQN” is not endorsed or sponsored by or affiliated with CBS/Paramount Pictures or the STAR TREK franchise.

Further reading: New species of extinct vampire-squid-like cephalopod When teeth grow on the body Fossil shark turns into mystery pterosaur Scientists Had Never Seen This Elusive Whale Alive—Until Now Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. This month I wasn't sure what to cover in this episode, so I decided to just click on four random bookmarks of scientific articles that I've had waiting for attention, and we'll discuss them. We haven't done a four articles episode in a long time! The first article is from March 2022, and it's about the discovery of an ancient cephalopod. Cephalopods include octopuses and squid. Octopuses famously have eight arms, while squid have eight arms and two feeding tentacles. Despite its name, the deep-sea vampire squid is actually more closely related to octopuses than to squid, and a newly discovered fossil is an ancestor to both. The fossil is 328 million years old and was discovered in Montana, in the United States, in 1988 but was only studied recently. Fossils of soft-bodied animals are incredibly rare, and this one is remarkably well-preserved. All of the animal's arms are preserved, including the suckers, but instead of eight arms, it had ten. Scientists have long suspected that the ancestors of modern octopuses and vampire squid had ten arms. The vampire squid has eight arms and two feeding filaments that are vestigial arms. But this is the first fossil found that shows ten arms. The fossil is of an animal with a torpedo-like body shaped like a modern squid. Two of its arms appear to be elongated compared to its other arms. It's about 4 and a half inches long including its arms, or 12 cm. That's pretty much all we know about it now, but hopefully the fossil will reveal more information as it continues to be studied. Our next article is from October 2017 and is intriguingly titled “When teeth grow on the body.” It sounds horrific, but it's actually a study of certain catfish that grow bony plates with tiny teeth on their bodies as defense. Catfish don't have scales, but some species of denticulate catfish that live in South America grow bony plates that act like armor. Many of these plates are covered in thin little teeth–actual teeth, including enamel and dentin, with pulp inside. They're called extra-oral teeth, dermal denticles, or odontodes, and the study determined that they appeared about 120 million years ago in ancient catfish that hadn't yet evolved the bony plates. The teeth regrow when they're lost, and in some species, males grow larger teeth than females and use them to fight other males. Imagine biting someone without needing to open your mouth. Our next article is from November 2020, about more fossils. The fossils were discovered in a collection at the Sedgwick Museum of Cambridge and the Booth Museum at Brighton in England, and were originally found in the latter half of the 19th century by miners. A PhD student at the University of Portsmouth was studying fossilized shark spines from the collection when he realized they weren't actually shark spines. Instead, they were jaw fragments from pterosaurs. Pterosaurs were flying reptiles that filled many ecological niches that birds fill today. One of the species identified from the collection is called Ornithostoma, which means bird mouth, an animal that lived in the early Cretaceous, about 110 million years ago, in what is now Europe. We know very little about it except that it didn't have teeth, but it probably ate fish. But there were some other jaw fragments that didn't belong to Ornithostoma, and in fact don't match up to any known pterosaur jaws. It may belong to a new species, but the fossils are so fragmentary that there's no way to know for sure. The rocks that the fossils came from were completely destroyed more than a century ago during phosphate mining, so unless more fragments are found in other collections, we may never learn more about this mystery pterosaur. Our last article is from July 2022, and I have no idea why I haven't talked about it on the podcast before now. It's about Sato's beaked whale, also called kurotsuchi. It's a type of four-toothed whale with a short beak, and it's dark gray and can grow up to 23 feet long, or 7 meters. It was only identified in 2016 as being different from the two other known species of four-toothed whales, after careful analysis, including DNA analysis, of dead individuals that had been found washed ashore. Until the summer of 2021, no one had ever seen a living Sato's beaked whale. Then some researchers studying orcas spotted 14 of the beaked whales swimming together between Hokkaido, Japan and the Kuril Islands. The scientists recognized that these were unusual whales and they were able to get a small skin sample from one. Genetic testing confirmed that they were indeed Sato's beaked whales. Researchers think the whales may spend at least part of the year in tropical waters, since that's where cookie cutter sharks live and the whales show circular bite scars from cookie cutter sharks. Not much is known about most species of beaked whale, and Sato's beaked whale is especially mysterious. But at least we know it's alive and well right now. Thanks for your support, and thanks for listening!

Felines come in all shapes and sizes, but only a handful of them are large enough and in charge enough to have earned the title of “Big Cats.” This episode, we're joined by special guest Lindsay Nikole as we take a tour through the surprising diversity of the “official” and “unofficial” big cats, and we explore how their evolutionary past has shaped this impressive assortment of apex predators. Find more of Lindsay here: https://www.youtube.com/@LindsayNikole And shout-out to the Cheetah Conservation Fund: https://cheetah.org/ In the news: giant sharks, early movements, Cretaceous fruits, and snake venoms. Time Markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:06:55 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:46:15 Main discussion, Part 2: 01:43:00 Patron question: 02:42:05 Join us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Check out our website for this episode's blog post and more: http://commondescentpodcast.com/ Got a topic you want to hear about? Submit your episode request here: https://commondescentpodcast.com/request-a-topic/ Lots more ways to connect with us: https://linktr.ee/common_descent The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org Musical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Take a walkthrough of the Museum of Dinosaurs & Ancient Cultures inside The Dinosaur Store in Cocoa Beach, Florida! This 20,000-square-foot museum spans two floors and features authentic dinosaur fossils, life-size skeletons, and fascinating artifacts from ancient civilizations around the world.On the second floor, explore the Hall of Dinosaurs with exhibits covering the Devonian, Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. See real fossils, reconstructed prehistoric habitats, the glowing Mineral Cave, and the impressive Terror Bird display.The third floor transports visitors through human history with galleries dedicated to Ancient Egypt, China, Mesoamerica, and Tribal Africa. Highlights include a recreation of King Tutankhamen's tomb, China's famous Terracotta Soldiers, and authentic artifacts dating back thousands of years.Whether you're planning a visit to Cocoa Beach or simply love dinosaurs, fossils, archaeology, museums, and history, this video gives you a preview of one of Florida's most unique attractions.If you enjoyed this tour, please Like, Subscribe, and leave a comment letting us know your favorite exhibit!#CocoaBeach #DinosaurMuseum #Florida #Dinosaurs #Museum #AncientCultures #TravelFlorida #Fossils #History #FamilyTravel#antonthemove #florida #cocoabeach Help Us Stay on the Move!https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLShCRuPNj20RTAGd-h7Nmg/join_______________________________________________________Check out My Merch at the Ant on the Move Shop!https://ant-on-the-move.myspreadshop.com/"As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases."What's in my Camera Bag ↓https://pin.it/10z58pU9wInstagram ↓https://www.instagram.com/antonthemove/Shop Florida Printables!https://antonthemoveco.etsy.comPodcast on Spotify ↓https://open.spotify.com/show/60VheKX...Pinterest ↓https://www.pinterest.com/antonthemove/What's in my Camera Bag ↓https://pin.it/10z58pU9wBlog/Landing Page ↓https://antonthemove.wordpress.com/Visit the Ant Hub!https://campsite.bio/antMusic Credit Hero Theme by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100491Artist: http://incompetech.com/Beach Party - Islandesque by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100613Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Stop 1 of our amazing western road trip.

Welcome to the PRESSURISED version of episode 69. Just the science, none of the chit-chat.  Check out our lovely new website where you can find more detailed notes, images and links to the wider reading.   Episode Summary This month on the Deep-Sea Podcast we are honored to host a 3 expert superfan session for one of our favorite little devils of the deep- Anglerfish. Join Thom as he chats with James Maclaine Senior fish curator at the Natural History Museum London and our own Andrew Stewart, curator of fishes at Te Papa, all about some of their favorite fishes, the ceratioid anglerfish (Ceratioidei) or deep-sea anglerfish.  Check out our lovely new website where you can find more detailed notes, images and links to the wider reading. In this episode… Welcome back to the Deep-Sea Podcast, your punk take on all things deep sea!    This month Alan has been working on getting a Nova Canton Trough organism menu prepared while Thom has been appearing on and hosting numerous podcast episodes while planning a workshop, fostering kittens and taking a good look at the newest snailfish.    For our interview we are honored to host a three expert superfan session for one of our favorite little devils of the deep- Anglerfish. Join Thom as he chats with James Maclaine Senior fish curator at the Natural History Museum London and our own Andrew Stewart, curator of fishes at Te Papa get together  about some of their favorite fishes, the ceratioid anglerfish or deep-sea anglerfish.    Listen-in to back-stage fish curator chat all about the wide variety of Anglerfish shapes and sizes, lures and lights, feeding preferences, reproduction habits, feminist archetypes, game show personalities, and a memorable experience of "pass the football fish". Including Vantablack, pharyngeal teeth, Dreamers, Wonderfish, sideways anuses, love bites, and an epic battle resulting in both combatants being “locked together in death”, this episode will scratch your Anglerfish itch in the most satisfying way.    We also hear from friend of the show Kat Bolstad with her professional opinion on the recently released giant cretaceous octopus paper, and Kat gives a lovely reading from Prema Arasu's new book of poetry titled Vampire Squid.    In the news, get ready for updates on: The largest sponge ever found A thousand year coral crisis Mystery of the golden orb revealed Which fish is diving into the exit end of a manta-ray   Who is eating the English coast octopus bloom  And real life Goblins Discord update Silk glands Behind the scenes fish curator photos Fossil hunts and Trawling adventures Alvin Submersible internship Wellington Board Game Festival in-person interview Merch from our friends, terrible Ai photos, new tattoos and more!    Support the show The podcast is self-sustaining (just) thanks to our lovely listeners. Thom and Alan take no money for the show. All money is put back into running it. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Lain Null, Семен Приймаченко, Prof.Bob-o-lo-po-lis, Jamie Morgan, Brent S, Ayla   Check out our podcast merch here!   Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@deepseapod.com We'd love to actually play your voice, so feel free to record a short audio note on our brand new answerphone! https://www.speakpipe.com/deepseapodvoicemail Thanks again for tuning in; we'll deep-see you next time!   Find out more Social media BlueSky: @deepseapod.com Twitter: @DeepSeaPod Instagram: @deepsea_podcast   Keep up with the team on social media Twitter:  Alan - @Hadalbloke Thom - @ThomLinley    Instagram:  Thom - @thom.linley  Inkfish - @inkfishexpeditions   BlueSky: Thom @thomaslinley.com  Alan @hadalbloke   Credits Image credit:   References Appearances and Collaborations Reef Chats: Ocean Art & Science Conversations | Moku Art Studio Atacama Trench Snailfishes VS Abyssal Plains Assfishes! On Fish of the Week Podcast with Dr. Thom Linley Guest Speaker Links Giant, kraken-like octopuses may have ruled the Cretaceous deep Earliest octopuses were giant top predators in Cretaceous oceans | Science Vampire Squid - Fremantle Press Deep-Sea News Lost millennium of Galápagos deep-sea corals linked to major Pacific climate shift A millennium of cold-water coral habitat loss in the East Pacific during low ENSO variability in the mid- to late Holocene | PNAS Record-Breaking Deep-Sea ‘Ocean Monster' the Size of a Car Stuns Scientists off Hawaii (Video) Drapery and the secret history of painting Scientists reveal identity of mysterious ‘golden orb' collected during NOAA expedition | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Mitogenomics suggests a sister relationship of Relicanthus daphneae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: incerti ordinis) with Actiniaria | Scientific Reports Mystery Marine Organism Classified as Sea Anemone | AMNH Hiding in Plain Sight: Evidence of Echeneidae Cloacal and Gill Diving Behavior in Manta Ray Hosts - Yeager - 2026 - Ecology and Evolution - Wiley Online Library Sucker fish are hiding in manta rays' ‘butthole,' new study reveals | Scientific American Octopus influx keeping deep sea dolphins inshore for longer Future rare octopus blooms 'likely' in UK seas First in situ observations of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni - Judah - Journal of Fish Biology - Wiley Online Library   Discord Updates https://mateblog.unols.org/author/kencsukas/ Inside the Sub That Reached Earth's Deepest Point | Bathyscaphe Trieste Support Skype a Scientist with the Squid Facts shop! Through the Darkening Sea Interview Links Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea Lasiognathus - Wikipedia Caulophryne polynema - Wikipedia Gigantactis - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_seadevil   Credits Image credit Logo image: Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

This documentary sleep story is about the history of dinosaurs: What were they? When did they appear? How did they rule the Earth's continents for 150 million years? What happened to them? In this story I tell you about dinosaurs in general, various famous groups such as Brachiosaurus, Stegosaurus, Allosaurus, Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, and more! I also tell you about paleontology, the study of fossils, cladistics, and various periods: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Holocene. This podcast is entirely scripted and recorded by real people, it includes no AI, and mid-roll ad breaks are turned off so that you can relax without interruption. #sleep #documentary #bedtimestory #asmr #sleepstory #dinosaur #history #paleontology Welcome to Lights Out Library Join me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style bedtime stories read in a calming ASMR voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep. Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Enjoy my audiobook on Ancient Egyptian History, Myths & Mysteries: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6mCqX5FoO6uCilrWCS8mB9?si=e1ecb983d2534d69⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños! En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Episode Summary This month on the Deep-Sea Podcast we are honored to host a 3 expert superfan session for one of our favorite little devils of the deep- Anglerfish. Join Thom as he chats with James Maclaine Senior fish curator at the Natural History Museum London and our own Andrew Stewart, curator of fishes at Te Papa, all about some of their favorite fishes, the ceratioid anglerfish (Ceratioidei) or deep-sea anglerfish.  Check out our lovely new website where you can find more detailed notes, images and links to the wider reading. In this episode… Welcome back to the Deep-Sea Podcast, your punk take on all things deep sea!    This month Alan has been working on getting a Nova Canton Trough organism menu prepared while Thom has been appearing on and hosting numerous podcast episodes while planning a workshop, fostering kittens and taking a good look at the newest snailfish.    For our interview we are honored to host a three expert superfan session for one of our favorite little devils of the deep- Anglerfish. Join Thom as he chats with James Maclaine Senior fish curator at the Natural History Museum London and our own Andrew Stewart, curator of fishes at Te Papa get together  about some of their favorite fishes, the ceratioid anglerfish or deep-sea anglerfish.    Listen-in to back-stage fish curator chat all about the wide variety of Anglerfish shapes and sizes, lures and lights, feeding preferences, reproduction habits, feminist archetypes, game show personalities, and a memorable experience of "pass the football fish". Including Vantablack, pharyngeal teeth, Dreamers, Wonderfish, sideways anuses, love bites, and an epic battle resulting in both combatants being “locked together in death”, this episode will scratch your Anglerfish itch in the most satisfying way.    We also hear from friend of the show Kat Bolstad with her professional opinion on the recently released giant cretaceous octopus paper, and Kat gives a lovely reading from Prema Arasu's new book of poetry titled Vampire Squid.    In the news, get ready for updates on: The largest sponge ever found A thousand year coral crisis Mystery of the golden orb revealed Which fish is diving into the exit end of a manta-ray   Who is eating the English coast octopus bloom  And real life Goblins Discord update Silk glands Behind the scenes fish curator photos Fossil hunts and Trawling adventures Alvin Submersible internship Wellington Board Game Festival in-person interview Merch from our friends, terrible Ai photos, new tattoos and more!    Support the show The podcast is self-sustaining (just) thanks to our lovely listeners. Thom and Alan take no money for the show. All money is put back into running it. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Lain Null, Семен Приймаченко, Prof.Bob-o-lo-po-lis, Jamie Morgan, Brent S, Ayla   Check out our podcast merch here!   Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@deepseapod.com We'd love to actually play your voice, so feel free to record a short audio note on our brand new answerphone! https://www.speakpipe.com/deepseapodvoicemail Thanks again for tuning in; we'll deep-see you next time!   Find out more Social media BlueSky: @deepseapod.com Twitter: @DeepSeaPod Instagram: @deepsea_podcast   Keep up with the team on social media Twitter:  Alan - @Hadalbloke Thom - @ThomLinley    Instagram:  Thom - @thom.linley  Inkfish - @inkfishexpeditions   BlueSky: Thom @thomaslinley.com  Alan @hadalbloke   Credits Image credit:   References Appearances and Collaborations Reef Chats: Ocean Art & Science Conversations | Moku Art Studio Atacama Trench Snailfishes VS Abyssal Plains Assfishes! On Fish of the Week Podcast with Dr. Thom Linley Guest Speaker Links Giant, kraken-like octopuses may have ruled the Cretaceous deep Earliest octopuses were giant top predators in Cretaceous oceans | Science Vampire Squid - Fremantle Press Deep-Sea News Lost millennium of Galápagos deep-sea corals linked to major Pacific climate shift A millennium of cold-water coral habitat loss in the East Pacific during low ENSO variability in the mid- to late Holocene | PNAS Record-Breaking Deep-Sea ‘Ocean Monster' the Size of a Car Stuns Scientists off Hawaii (Video) Drapery and the secret history of painting Scientists reveal identity of mysterious ‘golden orb' collected during NOAA expedition | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Mitogenomics suggests a sister relationship of Relicanthus daphneae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: incerti ordinis) with Actiniaria | Scientific Reports Mystery Marine Organism Classified as Sea Anemone | AMNH Hiding in Plain Sight: Evidence of Echeneidae Cloacal and Gill Diving Behavior in Manta Ray Hosts - Yeager - 2026 - Ecology and Evolution - Wiley Online Library Sucker fish are hiding in manta rays' ‘butthole,' new study reveals | Scientific American Octopus influx keeping deep sea dolphins inshore for longer Future rare octopus blooms 'likely' in UK seas First in situ observations of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni - Judah - Journal of Fish Biology - Wiley Online Library   Discord Updates https://mateblog.unols.org/author/kencsukas/ Inside the Sub That Reached Earth's Deepest Point | Bathyscaphe Trieste Support Skype a Scientist with the Squid Facts shop! Through the Darkening Sea Interview Links Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea Lasiognathus - Wikipedia Caulophryne polynema - Wikipedia Gigantactis - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_seadevil

A survey of extinct animal species from the Permian through the Cretaceous periods. We discuss important differences between anapsids, synapsids, and diapsids, and then review diverse species from all groups, including pelycosaurs, therapsids, parareptiles, euryapsids, pterosaurs, pseudosuchia, and dinosaurs. We also consider aspects including bipedal gait, endothermy, gigantism, and the cause of the end Cretaceous mass extinction. Recommended pre-listening is Episode 160: The Evolution of Animals. If you enjoyed the podcast please consider supporting the show by making a PayPal donation or becoming a Patreon supporter. https://www.patreon.com/jamesfodor https://www.paypal.me/ScienceofEverything

The gang discusses two papers about fossil cephalopods. The first paper uses new methods to reassess the taxonomy of what was previously considered to be the oldest octopod, and the second paper uses preserved beaks to reconstruct large body sizes of Mesozoic octopods. Meanwhile, Amanda keeps it within Michigan, James brings up THE cephalopod talk, and Curt ascends.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about two papers that look at animals with many arms and a sharp mouth. The first paper looks at some parts of a very old animal with many arms. People thought that it might be an animal with many arms that does not have a hard home to live inside and carry around with it. But this paper looks over that animal and finds that the animal is an animal that lived in a hard home that it carried, but after it died it fell out of that home when it started to fall to pieces. The second paper looks at another animal with many arms and uses the size of the mouth to see how big the animal was. They find that these animals with many arms were very very big. They also say that this means they were really sharp which the friends talk about a lot.   References: Clements, Thomas, et al. "Synchrotron data reveal nautiloid characters in Pohlsepia mazonensis, refuting a Palaeozoic origin for octobrachians." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 293.2068 (2026). Ikegami, Shin, et al. "Earliest octopuses were giant top predators in Cretaceous oceans." Science 392.6796 (2026): 406-410.

Further reading: https://www.audubon.org/news/like-finding-unicorn-researchers-rediscover-black-naped-pheasant-pigeon-bird https://www.sci.news/paleontology/confuciusornis-shifan-11528.html The black-naped pheasant-pigeon: Confuciusornis: Show transcript: We're going to learn about two birds that have been in the news lately. The first is the black-naped pheasant-pigeon. The word nape refers to the back of the neck, and this bird does have a black neck. It's a dark blue-black all over, in fact, with reddish-brown wings, a red bill, red eyes, and long yellow legs. It looks almost identical to the other three species of pheasant-pigeons known, although some scientists think they're subspecies. Those three are the white-naped, the green-naped, and the grey-naped pheasant-pigeons, and if you're wondering if the spot of color on the back of the neck is the easiest way to tell these birds apart, you are exactly right. All four species are native to parts of New Guinea or small islands nearby. Pheasant-pigeons look a lot like pheasants and are about the size of a chicken, although they're actually pigeons. They live in forests and eat seeds and fruit, and while they can fly they spend almost all of the time on the ground. We don't know a whole lot about them because they're so secretive and hard to spot in the wild, although the white-naped and green-naped birds are sometimes kept in zoos. In the case of the black-naped pheasant-pigeon, all scientists knew about it was from two specimens collected in 1882. It hadn't been seen since…until September of 2022. A team of scientists visited Fergusson Island off the east coast of Papua New Guinea in September, as part of a worldwide collaboration of scientists called The Search for Lost Birds. This is similar to the Search for Lost Frogs that has been active for over a decade, discovering lots of new amphibians and rediscovering even more. The 2022 search was actually a follow-up to a 2019 expedition that had failed to find the bird, although it did make other discoveries. In 2022, the team brought more people and equipment, determined to make the best effort possible to find the black-naped pheasant-pigeon. They consulted with local hunters to find the best places to search, and talked to lots of residents to see if anyone had seen one, and spent day after day hiking through forested mountains. For weeks they had no luck. Then, in a remote mountain village, they finally met some people who were familiar with the bird. One man led them to the right part of the forest and they set up camera traps, but at that point they only had a few days left before they had to leave the island. When they checked the pictures captured by the camera traps, though, they'd found it! Two of the cameras had taken pictures and video of what were definitely black-naped pheasant-pigeons, and since the cameras were several kilometers apart the pictures were probably of different individuals. The black-naped pheasant-pigeon wasn't extinct, which means it can be protected. Habitat loss, especially from commercial logging, and feral domestic cats are the two main threats to birds in the area. The other bird we're going to talk about today hasn't been seen in even longer: 119 million years, in fact. The article about this fossil was only released a few days ago as this episode goes live. You can check the show notes for links to this article and a good one about the pheasant-pigeon too. Paleontologists discovered the bird's fossil remains in northeastern China, in fossil beds that contain incredibly well-preserved animals and plants. The Jiufotang Formation in China dates to the early Cretaceous, between about 122 and 119 million years ago, and researchers think it's from an area that was once a shallow lake surrounded by forests. Every so often, a nearby volcano would erupt and the resulting ash would fall into the lake, causing anoxic conditions that helped preserve animals that died and sank into the mud at the bottom of the lake. There are lots of fish, pterosaurs, birds, and dinosaurs among the fossils discovered, most of them small but a few quite large. This includes a type of tyrannosaur that probably grew around 33 feet long, or 10 meters. A few early mammals have been discovered too. In one case, the remains of 40 individual birds were found on one big slab of stone, and scientists think an entire flock of birds was killed by a volcanic ashfall or poisonous gases from the volcano. The newly described fossil we're talking about today was almost complete and almost completely articulated, preserved with the impression of feathers around its body. The bird has been named Confuciusornis shifan and was a little smaller than a modern crow. It had a toothless beak and a short tail, although it probably had long tail feathers. Other Confuciusornis species have been discovered with the impressions of long tail plumes. All of the Confuciusornis fossils discovered so far were birds that could fly well but probably nowhere near as well as any bird today. But C. shifan had an adaptation in its wings not seen in any other bird, living or extinct. It had a small extra bone in the wing that acted like a cushion and probably helped the wings withstand the stresses of flight. The most interesting thing about the different Confuciusornis species is that if we could go back in time and see them when they were alive, they probably wouldn't have looked unusual to most people, except to bird experts who would instantly freak out. For the most part, they just looked like birds. Some specimens show preserved melanosomes under electron microscopy that indicate the feathers were various colors including white, brown, red, and black. There's even evidence of a pattern of spots and streaks on some feathers. Their feet were adapted for perching the way many modern songbird feet are. But Confuciusornis wasn't a direct ancestor of modern birds as far as we know. Even though we have lots of beautifully preserved Confuciusornis fossils, the fossils can only tell us so much. We have a pretty good idea of what the birds looked like, but we don't know much about how they lived. One specimen was found with the remains of a tiny fish inside its body, so researchers think the birds may have eaten fish or might have just been omnivores that weren't picky about what they ate. One specimen was found with an egg beside it that was the right size to have fit through its pelvic opening, but we can't know for sure if the egg belonged to the bird or was from another bird and just happened to have settled near the dead bird when it fell in the water. Still, even though we only have fossil remains, that's much better than having no knowledge of these early birds at all. Thanks for your support, and thanks for listening!

What if I were to say this: Image this: Many, many years ago on this very planet we walk today, giant lizard-like animals roamed, roared, and raged. What if I also told you that they liked to eat plants, insects, and even each other. And, what if I had to break the news to you that these "creatures of the Cretaceous (era)” all were violently killed - wiped off the face of the Earth - by an interstellar rock... Sounds unbelievable right? Well… I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but its all true. All of it. But, even though their story is one of eventual death and destruction, their memory and legacy will always live on here as we take a moment to celebrate: The Age of the Dinosaurs.

Welcome to Science Quest!

北海道浦幌町で見つかった、約６６００万年前の小惑星衝突の痕跡を示す「Ｋ／Ｐｇ境界層」約６６００万年前の白亜紀末に恐竜などの大量絶滅をもたらした小惑星の衝突について、東北大や東京大、福井県立大などの研究チームは２０日までに、痕跡となる地層の一部を北海道東部で見つけたと発表した。 A team of Japanese researchers has discovered traces of an asteroid collision in the northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido that may have caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period some 66 million years ago.

In this episode:00:27 How a parasite unveiled a mitochondrial secretNature: Mitochondria can spawn new ‘organelles' — hinting at how modern cells evolved06:13 The extinct cephalopods that could have been enormousNature: Did kraken-like octopuses rule Cretaceous seas? Massive jaw fossils offer cluesSubscribe to Nature Briefing, an unmissable daily round-up of science news, opinion and analysis free in your inbox every weekday. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Tanis site is one of the most important paleo sites in North America, showing details of the exact day when the Cretaceous ended. Plus two new cute dinosaurs.For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Silvisaurus, links from Rob Sula, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Silvisaurus-Episode-564/Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more.Dinosaur of the day Silvisaurus, an ankylosaur with a pear-shaped skull.Interview with Rob Sula, the Senior field supervisor for Paleo Prospectors. He's a field paleontologist, teacher, and artist with decades of experience hunting and excavating dinosaurs and has co-discovered some very important fossil sites. He was also recently featured in the documentary Why Dinosaurs?In dinosaur news this week:Dr. Hans Sues has ascended to paleo legend statusThere's a new cute ornithopod, Foskeia pelendonumThere's another new, possibly even cuter dinosaur, the thescelosaurid ornithischian Doolysaurus huhmini Tell us what you think about our show in our 2026 IKD Survey! We want our show to be as enjoyable as possible, and your input will help us improve. Head to bit.ly/ikdsurvey26 to help shape the future of I Know Dino!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week we're covering no-see-ums — the tiny biting flies you can't see, can't stop, and can't keep out of your house because they fly straight through window screens. We dig into why their bite stings so much more than a mosquito's, how they've been at this since the Cretaceous, and the one thing most people don't know: a close cousin of the insect that just ruined your beach trip is personally responsible for most of the world's chocolate.   Patreon -> https://www.patreon.com/user?u=46499107 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@InsectsforFun  IG: https://www.instagram.com/insects4fun/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100085443614825 Email: Insectsfordummies@gmail.com  Discord -> https://discord.gg/pDJH3CYcG6    

This week we meet Tyrannosaurus rex‘s Asian cousin, Tarbosaurus! We see how similar it is to its North American relative, but also what makes it its own unique Asian "King of the Cretaceous". In the news, we look at how the USA government's "God's squad" is meeting to decide the fate of the Rice's whale in the Gulf of Mexico. We talk about if anything can be done to save the animals of this area from the greed of the the oil industry. All this and more. The cupboard is open, come on in!Check out our Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/TheNaturalHistoryCupboardPodcast343And our Teemill store here: thenaturalhistorycupboard.teemill.com

A new troodontid with a skull like a pachycephalosaur, two new prehistoric birds, the bird evolutionary tree, how birds developed the ability to fly, how we know Microraptor turned out to be a decent flier, and a mathematical rule that shapes theropod facesFor links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Archaeopteryx , and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Archaeopteryx -Episode-562/Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more.Dinosaur of the day Archaeopteryx , the "ancient wing" dinosaur that was originally named for just a single feather, but is now known from over a dozen individuals.In dinosaur news this week:A new troodontid theropod, Xenovenator espinosai, has an extremely thick skull—like a pachycephalosaurScientists have created a complete evolutionary tree of all birds (over 9,000 species)There's a new neoavian Aequornithes bird from Antarctica, Pujatopouli soberanaThere is a new euornithean bird, Kunpengornis anhuimusei, that has gut contents!How the structure of feathers in the Cretaceous tells us about their evolutionThe specialization of a small wrist bone, the pisiform, helps birds to flyA key wing muscle that helps birds fly appears to have evolved by fusing cells from multiple musclesHow often birds, bats, and insects flap when flying may be related to a built in constraint related to the vortex their wings generate with each flapMore Microraptor specimens (with soft tissues!) show it was a decent flierA set of raptor dinosaur tracks indirectly shows it used its arms to help it run fasterJust because a theropod dinosaur had short arms and not many fingers, doesn't mean their hands and arms were uselessBirds have a special organ to help them balance (which doesn't seem to matter as much for flight)Birds have been nesting in the Arctic for at least 73 million yearsHow theropod dinosaur (non-avian and bird) faces are shaped may have followed a mathematical ruleA study of the Chicago Archaeopteryx found that could definitely flyBirds need a lot of calories to fly, and Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird, has three features modern birds also have to eat efficiently This episode is brought to you by the Colorado Northwestern Community College. Join them for two weeks digging up dinosaur bones in the field, preparing fossils in their lab, or in their new field geology program. For details go to CNCC.edu/paleo26See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Book Worm's Story Snacks | The Great Dino-Sneeze Can a single sneeze save an entire herd of dinosaurs from a T-Rex? Join the Book Worm in this prehistoric story snack and gear up with tropical vests and explorer boots to travel 75 million years back to the humid jungles of the Cretaceous period. What starts as a leafy lunch quickly turns into a “sticky” emergency when a massive, duck-billed Parasaurolophus named Barnaby gets his musical head-crest plugged with thick tree sap—leaving him unable to call his herd to safety before the sun goes down and the predators arrive. Join the high-speed dragonfly Dash, scale Barnaby's 30-foot leathery neck, and help the Reader perform a high-energy Mega-Tickle to trigger a record-breaking blast of air. Together, you'll discover how extra Oxygen made prehistoric bugs super-sized, the science of Resonance in musical crests, and how a little bit of silly teamwork can protect a whole dinosaur family—all through courage, logic, and a giant ACHOO!

The gang talk about two papers about extraordinary dinosaur fossils and the unique information that can be gleaned from them. The first paper looks at fossil skin data on a Cretaceous iguandodontian, and the second paper uses an exceptionally complete specimen to demonstrate the reality of Nanotyrannus. Meanwhile, James classifies, Amanda imagines T-rex, and Curt brings a unique energy.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends look at two papers about big angry animals that everyone loves to talk about. The first paper is about the skin of one of these big angry animals. This skin has weird bits on it that are not like the weird bits we see in a lot of other animals that are close to these big angry animals. These bits do not look like the bits that would be used to stay warm or to move into the air. These bits look like they might hurt. The second paper looks at a lot of stuff from one big angry animal that has been said by people in the past is just a young one of another big angry animal. The paper looks at the parts of this animal, how this animal grew, and a lot of other things to show that, no, this animal is not this other animal. This animal is its own type of animal.   References: Huang, Jiandong, et al. "Cellular-level preservation of cutaneous spikes in an Early Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaur." Nature Ecology & Evolution (2026): 1-8. Zanno, Lindsay E., and James G. Napoli. "Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus coexisted at the close of the Cretaceous." Nature (2025): 1-3.

Riley, one of our favorite dinosaur writers, returns to discuss her latest book and lots of other dinosaur topics. Plus a new ceratopsian—Ferenceratops. And a new Dino Duels Championship.For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Quaesitosaurus, links from Riley Black, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Quaesitosaurus-Episode-560/Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more.Dinosaur of the day Quaesitosaurus, a titanosaur with a skull similar to Diplodocus.Interview with Riley Black, an award-winning science writer whose work has appeared in National Geographic, Scientific American, Nature, Smithsonian, and more. She has written a number of books, including “The Last Days of the Dinosaurs,” “When the Earth was Green,” and most recently “The Shortest History of the Dinosaurs”. Follow her on Bluesky @restingdinofaceIn dinosaur news this week:There's a new ceratopsian dinosaur, Ferenceratops shqiperorumDinosaurs were “ecosystem engineers” that shaped their landscapes while they were alive—and after they died outA study of New Mexican dinosaurs supports that they were still thriving before the Cretaceous-ending asteroid hit the EarthOur dino duels are going again! Create your bracket here: bit.ly/dinoduelsbracketThen enter your picks for a chance to win a year of Triceratops-level patreon membership at bit.ly/dinoduelspicksComplete rules and restrictions at bit.ly/dinoduelsrules This episode is sponsored by Squarespace, go to https://www.squarespace.com/IKD to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code IKDThis episode is brought to you by the Colorado Northwestern Community College. Join them for two weeks digging up dinosaur bones in the field, preparing fossils in their lab, or in their new field geology program. For details go to CNCC.edu/paleo26See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Before Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops, Earth was rebuilding from catastrophe. Out of the ashes of the Great Dying rose a new prehistoric world and with it came the age of the dinosaurs.In this episode of The Ancients, Tristan Hughes is joined by Dr Henry Gee to explore the full sweep of dinosaur history, from their emergence on the supercontinent Pangaea to their 150-million-year dominance of the planet. Discover how early reptiles evolved into the giants of the Jurassic and Cretaceous, how ecosystems transformed around them, and why their reign finally came to a dramatic end.MORERise of HumansListen on AppleListen on SpotifyFeathered DinosaursListen on AppleListen on SpotifyPresented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor and producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic SoundsThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Little Dinosaur bite for you! Support us for extra bonus episodes here:  https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards Covering two new papers: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2026/february/new-sabre-crested-spinosaurus-species-named-from-desert-dinosaur-fossils.html https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2026/january/europes-missing-ceratopsian-dinosaurs-have-finally-been-found.html Watch on youtube here: https://youtu.be/GoAT-oVtqOc A new Spinosaurus paper was released, revealing a Spinosaurus with a larger head crest. While the new material is exciting, the larger crest is not surprising given the species' known display features. The new locality in Niger, further inland than previous finds, suggests Spinosaurus may have followed rivers inland, similar to other water-affiliated animals. A new paper confirms long-held beliefs about spinosaur evolution, including sexual selection, wading behaviour, and multiple evolutionary phases. The discovery of a new rhabdodontid skull, with clear ceratopsian characteristics, suggests that some previously identified rhabdodontids were actually early ceratopsians. This finding supports the idea that ceratopsians were present in Europe during the Cretaceous, filling a gap in the fossil record. Apologies for audio quality - was a bit rushed!  

#381Dinosaurs of North DakotaNice Games Jam2025.03.13The clubhouse gets Cretaceous this week; your nice hosts have been challenged to create a game about dinosaurs and their feeding habits.PromptMake a game about the feeding habits of dinosaurs or of paleontologists, bonus points if all the dinosaurs are from the same era.Game typeDesign documentPlayer count1RulesCretaceous periodFlowering plants evolved hereEarly mammals here tooVelociraptors too!Different sized dinosaursName: Dinosaurs of North DakotaPlay as big (T-rex), small (dog-sized) and medium (triceratops)Survive a day as each of these creaturesOrder of playMedium first (herbivore)Big next (T-rex)Small last (scavenger)Then Paleontologist discovers (eats chicken with a PLASTIC fork)Where you die determines how preserved the bones are during the paleontology phaseIf you want more preserved bones you have to choose to not live as long (due to how the preservation works)GameplayPlay as the different creatures, the player chooses when that phase of the game endsCan also end after a certain time playedThen you swap to a new creature and play as them, choosing when to endWhen you get back to a creature, time has passed and things are different in the world (partly due to player influence from other creatures)Player knocking down trees might be knocked down in future scenes, eating a lot of plants may make the area sparse in the futureKeep playing as the different creature until enough time has passedAfterwards, play as a paleontologist and rediscover what you've doneRecord what you've done with the knowledge the paleontologist has (and not the player), so it won't actually be accurate to the player's playthroughBased on what the player's done, it can affect what things the paleontologist will be able to say about the state of things after

Send us a textHannah and Laura are thrilled to welcome Moniquill Blackgoose, the author of the Nampeshiweisit series, to the podcast today! Moniquill shares about inspirations for her worldbuilding, developing young indigenous characters, and what readers can expect in To Rise a Riding Storm which is out now! You can follow Moniquill Blackgoose at:Website: Moniquill Blackgoose@moniquill on TumblrBe sure to pick up To Rise a Riding Storm at your local library or local indie bookstore today!!Media Mentions:To Shape a Dragon's Breath by Moniquill BlackgooseTo Rise a Riding Storm by Moniquill BlackgooseThe Dragonriders of Pern by Anne McCaffreyOctavia Butler's worksUrsula K. LeGuin's worksNaomi Novik's worksFallout---Prime VideoFallout: New Vegas the videogameSupport the showBe sure to follow OWWR Pod!www.owwrpod.com Twitter (updates only): @OwwrPodBlueSky: @OwwrPodTikTok: @OwwrPodInstagram: @owwrpodThreads: @OwwrPodHive: @owwrpodSend us an email at: owwrpod@gmail.comCheck out OWWR Patreon: patreon.com/owwrpodOr join OWWR Discord! We'd love to chat with you!You can follow Hannah at:Instagram: @brews.and.booksThreads: @brews.and.booksTikTok: @brews.and.booksYou can follow Laura at:Instagram: @goodbooksgreatgoatsBlueSky: @myyypod

Extinction is coming fast for Dinoland, so many areas have closed and the remainder will come to an end quickly. We bid our final adieu by digging for lessons to be learned from this corner of Disney's Animal Kingdom park. They serve to help us understand what worked and didn't work not just in this land, but for people trying to perhaps not build a theme park, but build organizations and take them to the next level. We may not be going back to the Cretaceous period, but we are considering how this land became what it became. And we are looking at some very intricate details that shape our understanding of how life must have been here in Diggs County. Join us as we go digging' for Insights at Dinoland. ________________________________________________________ Disney Insights YouTube Page--Check it out and subscribe. NOTE: The five stories shared today are on Disney Insights YouTube Page! DisneyInsights.com--So many resources at our home site. Be sure to subscribe to receive notice of upcoming podcasts. Disney Insights Facebook Page--Come join and interact in conversation with others. My newest book, A Century of Powerful Disney Insights, Volume I 1923-1973, The Walt & Roy Disney Years is available!  Also, check out my two of my other books, The Wonderful World of Customer Service at Disney and Disney, Leadership and You.  Also, for those examining other business benchmarks beyond Disney, check out Lead with Your Customer: Transform Culture and Brand Into World-Class Excellence. ________________________________________________________ Check out Zanolla Travel to book your next vacation! David & Leah Zanolla ZanollaTravel.com Owner/Agents (309) 863-5469 _________________________________________________________ Performance Journeys This podcast and post is provided by J. Jeff Kober and Performance Journeys, which celebrates more than 20 years as a training and development group bringing best in business ideas through books, keynotes, workshops, seminars and online tools to help you take your organization to the next level. Want a Keynote Speaker? More than just nice stories, I offer proven insight and solutions having worked in the trench. Need Consulting? I've worked for decades across the public, private and non-profit arena.  Need Support? We offer so many classroom, online, and other resources to help you improve your customer service delivery, leadership excellence, and employee engagement. Contact us today, and let us help you on your Performance Journey!

Cale and Rik discuss podcasting, and The Boys get the visit of an after-lifetime with a proposal too good to pass up. Starring Cale Evans, and Jacob Brayton. Music by Josh Brayton. The Podcast From Hell is a fully improvised comedy podcast featuring creatures from the worlds of Mythology, Lore, Legends, and the minds of North Carolina's okayest improvisors

While the origins debate is basically a religious debate, many people have been taught that evolution is science and creation is religion. But even according to the evolutionists' own rules of science, evolution is not good science. Let's examine the claims of evolution in light of what science knows today.Life has never been seen to develop from nonliving materials. Yet evolution says it did. Mutations, said by evolutionists to have created all the kinds of living things, have never been seen to produce one creature who was more complex or better able to survive. Then again, the moon has moonquakes, a magnetic field and internal heat—all indications that it is far younger than evolutionists believe. The Cretaceous limestone was produced from sediment in water and extends in one continuous band from Northern Ireland through Europe and Asia to Australia. This suggests that the entire area was beneath the sea all at the same time, yet evolution refuses to accept Noah's Flood as a global and historical event.If language evolved, why are the most ancient languages the most complex? If religion evolved, why do the most ancient forms of religion worship one God, a Creator, while later forms of the same religions have many gods—who are much more like human beings?I could list many more examples showing that only the Bible's account of history makes sense in light of what we know today.Psalms 111:10"The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; A good understanding have all those who do His commandments. His praise endures forever."Prayer: Dear Lord; the very stones cry out that You are indeed Creator and Almighty God. Help me to add my voice to this witness, and tell others of Your forgiving love in Jesus Christ. In His Name. AmenREF.: Brown, Walter T. The scientific case for creation: 116 categories of evidence. Bible Science Newsletter. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1232/29?v=20251111

Ray gets schooled on the Cretaceous geology around the shores of Kansas Lake Kanopolis by paleontologist Kate Andrzejewski. 

The gang discusses two papers that are about dinosaurs, and that is all that connects them! The first paper investigates community structure during the Cretaceous, and the second paper describes a well preserved "mummy" of a duck-billed dinosaur. Meanwhile, Amanda is doing well (really she is now), Curt makes an awkward segue, and James has not seen Tremors.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers about big angry animals from a long time ago. The first paper looks at how many types of big angry animals were in a place before something bad happened and all the big angry animals died. Lots of people have said that the big angry animals might have been in trouble before the bad thing happen, and lots of other people say that they were probably not in trouble but we just don't have a lot of places that have the big angry animals in them for us to look and see what is happening at that time. This paper looks at a place and shows that it was during the time we want to see and that the types of animals in a place were a lot like the types of animals in a place before, so that means that it does not look like these big angry animals were having a bad time before the bad thing happened. The second paper looks at soft parts of a big angry animal that was dried out so that you can see skin and other bits under the skin. This lets the people find out what the feet look like for this animal, and other bits about how it moved.   References: Flynn, Andrew G., et al. "Late-surviving New Mexican dinosaurs illuminate high end-Cretaceous diversity and provinciality." Science 390.6771 (2025): 400-404. Sereno, Paul C., et al. "Duck-billed dinosaur fleshy midline and hooves reveal terrestrial clay-template "mummification"." Science (2025).

After Devina's shocking revelation in the garden and a confusing encounter with a former inhabitant of the colony, our heroes now must continue to search for clues on the whereabouts of everyone else! What other frightening revelations lie before them in the penal colony? Find out now! Website: hideouslaughterpodcast.com Patreon: patreon.com/hideouslaughter Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/hideouslaughterproductions  BESTOW CURSE RSS: https://feed.podbean.com/bestowcurse/feed.xml Etsy: https://www.etsy.com/shop/HideousLaughterPod Discord: https://discord.gg/ruG6hxB Email: thehideouslaughterpodcast@gmail.com Twitter: @laughterhideous Facebook/Instagram: @hideouslaughterpod Reddit: reddit.com/r/HideousLaughter Produced by Allard LaRue @ Lossless Productions Theme Song By Dark Fantasy Studio

Located in southeastern Alberta is a stretch of gorgeous badlands that are home to some of the world's absolute best Late Cretaceous fossils. This episode, we explore how Dinosaur Provincial Park earned its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, we list off some of the famous dinosaurs who once lived there, and we discuss a fraction of the many fossil discoveries that have been made at the Park since the late 1800s. In the news: Cretaceous crocs, baby pterosaurs, late megaraptorans, and early lizards. Time markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:06:25 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:47:45 Main discussion, Part 2: 01:08:35 Patron question: 01:47:00 Check out our website for this episode's blog post and more: http://commondescentpodcast.com/ Join us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Subscribe to Curiosity Box using our Affiliate Link: https://www.curiositybox.com/CommonDescent And get 25% off the first box with code descent25 Got a topic you want to hear about? Submit your episode request here: https://commondescentpodcast.com/request-a-topic/ Lots more ways to connect with us: https://linktr.ee/common_descent The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org Musical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

HEADLINE: Knuckle Walkers and the Discovery of Color in Cretaceous Dinosaurs BOOK TITLE: Other Lands, a journey through Earth's extinct worlds GUEST AUTHOR NAME: Thomas Halliday 200-WORD SUMMARY: This section focuses on the Cretaceous period, 125 million years ago, exploring the heyday of non-avian dinosaurs. Herbivores, such as the 17-meter-long titanosaurs, are described as "knuckle walkers" because they lost their finger bones and supported their immense weight on modified hand bones. The forests at this time were primarily composed of conifers, ginkos, and ferns, as flowering plants were only just beginning to emerge. The site of Liaoning, China, provides extraordinary preservation, allowing scientists to determine dinosaur coloration. By examining melanosomes (pigment packets) preserved at a subcellular level, researchers identified patterns, such as the black bandit stripe on Sinosauropteryx. Furthermore, the counter shading found on Psittacosaurus suggests it lived in a forested ecosystem. Defense mechanisms, similar to those seen in modern ecology, were also present. For instance, lace wings (Grammalysa) possessed eye spots on their wings, likely intended to mimic the eyes of a predator, most plausibly a small theropod dinosaur, thus providing a glimpse into Cretaceous signaling and ecology.

Dodos are probably the single most famous case of recent human-induced extinction. First documented in the late 1500s and extinct within a century, dodos have become a global reminder of the devastating potential of human activity. This episode, we review the brief history of human interactions with dodos, and we explore what recent research and fossil evidence has taught us about these birds and their closest relatives. In the news: Cretaceous crocs, extra-spiky dinosaurs, turtles of the sea, and cave fish evolution. Time markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:05:45 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:33:10 Main discussion, Part 2: 01:06:00 Patron question: 01:56:50 Check out our website for this episode's blog post and more: http://commondescentpodcast.com/ Join us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Subscribe to Curiosity Box using our Affiliate Link: https://www.curiositybox.com/CommonDescent And get 25% off the first box with code descent25 Got a topic you want to hear about? Submit your episode request here: https://commondescentpodcast.com/request-a-topic/ Lots more ways to connect with us: https://linktr.ee/common_descent The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org Musical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

The Box of Oddities Live! Learn More Here! Stranded, forgotten, and surprisingly resourceful—this week on The Box of Oddities, Kat and Jethro unearth the astonishing tale of the Tromelin Island survivors: enslaved people abandoned on a desolate speck in the Indian Ocean who managed to outwit fate for 15 years. Then, brace yourself for a prehistoric predator with a flair for theatrics—meet the galloping crocodile of the Cretaceous. Yes, it had hooves in spirit and a hunger in bone. From lost islands to sprinting swamp monsters, this episode dives headfirst into evolutionary plot twists and historical footnotes that read like sci-fi. Discover the odd, the unbelievable, and the strangely inspiring stories your textbooks politely ignored. If you would like to advertise on The Box of Oddities, contact advertising@airwavemedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Gramma G-Force is doing some good ole fashioned weed-whacking... with a battle ax?! This reminds Mindy and Guy Raz of the new scientific discovery in Chile, where scientists have learned more about the ankylosaurs dinosaur, known for its sharp tail, not unlike an ax! Join Mindy, Guy Raz, and Gramma G-Force on an adventure back into the Cretaceous period to learn more about this spiky dino! Originally aired 4/25/22.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.