Podcasts about Sofosbuvir

In this episode, Stacey B. Trooskin, MD, PhD, MPH, Mark S. Sulkowski, MD, FIDSA, FAASLD, and Ronni Marks discuss hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment, focusing on people who use drugs, and highlight the following topics:Screening recommendationsStrategies to improve HCV screeningHCV testingTreatment goalsStrategies to improve HCV treatment uptakePresenters:Stacey B. Trooskin, MD, PhD, MPHExecutive Medical OfficerMazzoni CenterFaculty, University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaMark S. Sulkowski, MD, FIDSA, FAASLDProfessor of MedicineDirector, Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MarylandRonni MarksFounder/Director, The Hepatitis C Mentor and Support Group (HCMSG)Patient AdvocateNew York, New YorkLink to full program:https://bit.ly/4grbwPT

In this episode, Stefan Zeuzem, MD, discusses new viral hepatitis data from AASLD 2022, including:Hepatitis BPrevention of HBV vertical transmission when HBIg is unavailableTherapeutic vaccination for HBV cureAntiviral therapy to prevent HCC in patients with CHB in the indeterminate phaseHepatitis deltaHDV prevalence in ethnically diverse, urban, safety-net populationsBulevirtide ± pegIFN-α2a for chronic HDV in the French cATU studyBulevirtide monotherapy for patients with HDV and compensated cirrhosis in the HEP4Di studyHDV functional cure with lonafarnib-based therapyHepatitis CIntegrated community HCV service for PWUD: the ITTREAT studyHelios-3 study of treatment of people with HCV by specialists or nonspecialistsRisk of HCC after SVR in patients with HCVPresenter:Stefan Zeuzem, MDProfessor of MedicineChief, Department of Medicine I JW Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, GermanyFollow along with the downloadable slideset at: https://bit.ly/3FxIOwZLink to full program: https://bit.ly/3Y1tD6f

In this episode, Mark S. Sulkowski, MD, explores recommendations and data on treating HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients who are coinfected.Listen as he gives his perspectives on:Prioritization of both HIV and HCV treatmentEfficacy of HCV direct-acting antivirals in people with HIVAmerican Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendations for first-line HCV treatment in HIV/HCV coinfectionInternational guidance on first-line antiretroviral therapyHIV/HCV drug–drug interactionsThe Swiss HCVree Trial of HCV treatment as prevention in men who have sex with men with HIVDependence of HCV elimination on the HIV care continuum for people who are HIV/HCV coinfectedPresenter:Mark S. Sulkowski, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical Director, Viral Hepatitis CenterChief, Infectious DiseaseJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Maryland  Follow along with the slides at: https://bit.ly/3oUi29gLink to full program:https://bit.ly/3fOl0XX

La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), 11 de enero de 2022. Publica, la 31ª edición de la base de datos de evidencia sobre posibles opciones terapéuticas para COVID-19. Examina 171 opciones terapéuticas. Según el portal de búsqueda de la Plataforma Internacional de Registro de Ensayos Clínicos (ICTRP) de la OMS, se están investigando cientos de posibles tratamientos o sus combinaciones en más de 10.000 ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales. Treinta hallazgos clave. 1• Corticosteroides: 2• Remdesivir: 3• Hidroxicloroquina, interferón beta 1-a y lopinavir-ritonavir: 4• Antibióticos: 5• Plasma de convalecientes 6• Tocilizumab: 7• Sarilumab: 8• Anakinra: 9• Tofacitinib: 10• Colchicina: 11• Ivermectina: 12• Favipiravir: 13• Sofosbuvir con o sin daclatasvir, ledipasvir, velpatasvir o ravidasvir: 14• Baricitinib: 15• Casirivimab e Imdevimab (REGEN-COV 16• Bamlinivimab con o sin etesevimab 17• Sotrovimab: 18• Regdanvimab 19• Proxalutamide: 20• Dapagliflozina 21• Trasplante de células madre mesenquimatosas 22• Corticosteroides inhalados 23• Fluvoxamina: 24• Lenzilumab: 25• Fragmentos policlonales de anticuerpos equinos (INM005): 26• Famotidina: 27• Anticoagulantes: 28• Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE): 29• IECA y ARB 30• Molnupiravir: Conclusiones. 1• La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) hace seguimiento en todo momento de la evidencia en relación con cualquier posible intervención terapéutica. A medida que se disponga de evidencia nueva, la OPS la incorporará con rapidez y actualizará sus recomendaciones, especialmente si dicha evidencia se refiere a grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad como los niños y niñas, las mujeres embarazadas, las personas mayores o los pacientes inmunocomprometidos, entre otros. 2• La OPS también tiene en cuenta las diferencias en el impacto de la COVID-19 sobre las minorías y los diferentes grupos étnicos. En consecuencia, la Organización recopila constantemente información que pueda servir para mitigar el exceso de riesgo de enfermedad grave o muerte de estas minorías. Estos grupos sufren inequidades sociales y estructurales que conllevan una carga de enfermedad desproporcionada. 3• La seguridad de los pacientes afectados por la COVID-19 es una prioridad clave de la mejora de la calidad de la atención y los servicios de salud. 4• Sigue siendo apremiante la necesidad de elaborar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de alta calidad que incluyan pacientes con COVID-19 a fin de poder desarrollar estrategias de manejo confiables. La importancia de los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados con un diseño adecuado es fundamental en la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia. Hasta el momento, la mayoría de la investigación en el campo de la COVID-19 tiene muy baja calidad metodológica, lo que dificulta su identificación y validación. Urge incrementar la transparencia y plantear estudios de más calidad. REFERENCIA. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52719 ADAPTACION PARA AUDIO-OYENTES: Medicina en una página. Dirección y Conducción: John Jarbis García Tamayo.

Hepatitis C drug sofosbuvir made waves when first launched – quicker to work and with fewer side effects than existing drugs, but it came with a hefty price tag

Nirgendwo wütete Hepatitis C schlimmer als in Ägypten. Doch das Land hat erstaunliches geschafft: Heute gilt es als Paradebeispiel für den Umgang mit dem Virus. Kai Kupferschmidt erklärt, welche Hürden Wissenschaftler bei der Entwicklung von neuen Hepatitis C-Medikamenten nehmen mussten und spricht mit dem Forscher Ray Shinazi über das von ihm mitentwickelte Sofosbuvir. Wie lebensverändernd dieses Wundermittel gegen Hepatitis C für Patienten ist, erfährt Laura Salm-Reifferscheidt von Hany Tawfik aus Kairo. Mit Marco Alves von Ärzte ohne Grenzen unterhält sie sich über Medikamentenpreise und den Zugang zu Sofosbuvir. Produziert in Kooperation mit Riffreporter. Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development Egypt: 35 million people receive hepatitis C test King of the pills Schlechte Nachricht für viele Hepatitis-C-Patienten - Patent auf Medikament hat weiter Bestand Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt: Interim Report From the World’s Largest National Program "Pandemia" unterstützen? Komm’ in den Klub Viertausendhertz: klub.viertausendhertz.de Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2yA3l3L Spotify: spoti.fi/2V7hkFI Social Media: twitter.com/pandemiapodcast instagram.com/pandemiapodcast

Nirgendwo wütete Hepatitis C schlimmer als in Ägypten. Doch das Land hat erstaunliches geschafft: Heute gilt es als Paradebeispiel für den Umgang mit dem Virus. Kai Kupferschmidt erklärt, welche Hürden Wissenschaftler bei der Entwicklung von neuen Hepatitis C-Medikamenten nehmen mussten und spricht mit dem Forscher Ray Shinazi über das von ihm mitentwickelte Sofosbuvir. Wie lebensverändernd dieses Wundermittel gegen Hepatitis C für Patienten ist, erfährt Laura Salm-Reifferscheidt von Hany Tawfik aus Kairo. Mit Marco Alves von Ärzte ohne Grenzen unterhält sie sich über Medikamentenpreise und den Zugang zu Sofosbuvir. Produziert in Kooperation mit Riffreporter. Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development Egypt: 35 million people receive hepatitis C test King of the pills Schlechte Nachricht für viele Hepatitis-C-Patienten - Patent auf Medikament hat weiter Bestand Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt: Interim Report From the World's Largest National Program "Pandemia" unterstützen? Komm' in den Klub Viertausendhertz: klub.viertausendhertz.de Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2yA3l3L Spotify: spoti.fi/2V7hkFI Social Media: twitter.com/pandemiapodcast instagram.com/pandemiapodcast

Nirgendwo wütete Hepatitis C schlimmer als in Ägypten. Doch das Land hat erstaunliches geschafft: Heute gilt es als Paradebeispiel für den Umgang mit dem Virus. Kai Kupferschmidt erklärt, welche Hürden Wissenschaftler bei der Entwicklung von neuen Hepatitis C-Medikamenten nehmen mussten und spricht mit dem Forscher Ray Shinazi über das von ihm mitentwickelte Sofosbuvir. Wie lebensverändernd dieses Wundermittel gegen Hepatitis C für Patienten ist, erfährt Laura Salm-Reifferscheidt von Hany Tawfik aus Kairo. Mit Marco Alves von Ärzte ohne Grenzen unterhält sie sich über Medikamentenpreise und den Zugang zu Sofosbuvir. Produziert in Kooperation mit Riffreporter. Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development Egypt: 35 million people receive hepatitis C test King of the pills Schlechte Nachricht für viele Hepatitis-C-Patienten - Patent auf Medikament hat weiter Bestand Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt: Interim Report From the World’s Largest National Program "Pandemia" unterstützen? Komm’ in den Klub Viertausendhertz: klub.viertausendhertz.de Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2yA3l3L Spotify: spoti.fi/2V7hkFI Social Media: twitter.com/pandemiapodcast instagram.com/pandemiapodcast The post Ägypten II - Hepatitis C: Der Preis der Heilung first appeared on Viertausendhertz | Das Podcastlabel.

Nirgendwo wütete Hepatitis C schlimmer als in Ägypten. Doch das Land hat erstaunliches geschafft: Heute gilt es als Paradebeispiel für den Umgang mit dem Virus. Kai Kupferschmidt erklärt, welche Hürden Wissenschaftler bei der Entwicklung von neuen Hepatitis C-Medikamenten nehmen mussten und spricht mit dem Forscher Ray Shinazi über das von ihm mitentwickelte Sofosbuvir. Wie lebensverändernd dieses Wundermittel gegen Hepatitis C für Patienten ist, erfährt Laura Salm-Reifferscheidt von Hany Tawfik aus Kairo. Mit Marco Alves von Ärzte ohne Grenzen unterhält sie sich über Medikamentenpreise und den Zugang zu Sofosbuvir. Produziert in Kooperation mit Riffreporter. Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development Egypt: 35 million people receive hepatitis C test King of the pills Schlechte Nachricht für viele Hepatitis-C-Patienten - Patent auf Medikament hat weiter Bestand Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt: Interim Report From the World’s Largest National Program "Pandemia" unterstützen? Komm’ in den Klub Viertausendhertz: klub.viertausendhertz.de Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2yA3l3L Spotify: spoti.fi/2V7hkFI Social Media: twitter.com/pandemiapodcast instagram.com/pandemiapodcast

Microbiologist Phillip Furman is the inventor of AZT, an anti-HIV drug, and other antiviral drugs for Herpes and Hepatitis B and C. He talks about his breakthrough moments, the difficulties of taking “miracle” drugs to market, and the culture shock of moving from New York to Florida as a teenager. Furman’s interest in science was fueled at age 8 with the gifts of a microscope from an uncle and a chemistry set from his parents. His advice to researchers: “Follow the data. Negative results give you as much information as positive results.” *This episode was originally released on October 23, 2019.* TRANSCRIPT: Intro: 0:01Inventors and their inventions. Welcome to Radio Cade a podcast from the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention in Gainesville, Florida. The museum is named after James Robert Cade, who invented Gatorade in 1965. My name is Richard Miles. We’ll introduce you to inventors and the things that motivate them, we’ll learn about their personal stories, how their inventions work, and how their ideas get from the laboratory to the marketplace. Richard Miles: 0:36Treating viral diseases is hard, but not as hard as it used to be, thanks to the development of antiviral drugs. Welcome to Radio Cade, I’m your host, Richard Miles and today my guest is Phillip Furman, a microbiologist and the holder of 20 U.S. Patents. The inventor of AZT an anti-HIV drug, and a 2018 inductee into the Florida inventors hall of fame. Welcome to show Phillip and congratulations. Phillip Furman: 1:00Thank you very much, Richard. Richard Miles: 1:01So, the problem with interviewing super inventors like you is trying to focus on just one thing, but you have 20 patents, you’ve done a lot of things and you’ve developed antiviral drugs for herpes, HIV, hepatitis B and C. And we could talk about each one of those probably for a long time, but then we’d have to order in lunch, dinner, and probably sleeping bags for this session. So let’s start though with a basic definition of viruses for listeners who may not be microbiologists , how viruses act in the body and how they can be treated. Phillip Furman: 1:33Well, viruses, some people think are very simple. They are an intracellular parasite. They have to infect a cell in order to be able to reproduce themselves and their basic components are there genetic information, a virus capsid, which surrounds them. It’s a protein coat that protects them once they get into the cell. And some of them have a membrane, which they pick up when they are released from the cell, but viruses aren’t quite that simple. Richard Miles: 2:07Spoiler alert, it’s not that simple. Phillip Furman: 2:08They, a lot of them contain or code for proteins or enzymes, which function in the replication of the virus. Everybody thinks that well, once the virus gets into the cell, it requires the cell to produce enzymes and proteins that are essential for virus replication. And the buyer system takes that over and doesn’t have any of its own proteins or enzymes to replicate itself, but indeed they do. Richard Miles: 2:34So you’ve been working on this for quite a long time. Right? You got your undergraduate degree in microbiology? Phillip Furman: 2:40In microbiology. Yes. Richard Miles: 2:42What was your big breakthrough? Which one of the antiviral drugs came first? Phillip Furman: 2:46Acyclovir was the first one I worked on. Richard Miles: 2:49And that’s treatment for herpes viruses? Phillip Furman: 2:52Yes. Richard Miles: 2:52Do you remember the path, the conceptual path that got you there. What was the first thing that you noticed or discovered that made that possible? Phillip Furman: 3:00Well, the compound at the time was already discovered and patented. That happened in 1974 and I was a postdoc at Duke University and the department had at Burroughs Wellcome, Dr. Trudy Elion, who became a Nobel Laureate, was looking for a virologist to establish a virology laboratory within the company. And so I was hired to do that. My job was to work on the drug to try to find out how it worked, how it inhibited the virus. Richard Miles: 3:32So describe for us how long that takes. I mean, I think there’s a popular conception out there with a lot of inventions, including miracle drugs that you have a brilliant researcher has an insight developmental breakthrough. And few months, years later, we’ve got a wonder drug, but I’m guessing it’s not that simple. Phillip Furman: 3:51Are you referring to time of discovery to time of marketing? Richard Miles: 3:55Well, yeah, something like that or at what point are you certain of your results? How long did that take for instance, the herpes antiviral drug? Was it a matter of months or a matter of years? How much followup research and testing before you kind of knew this? Phillip Furman: 4:07Well, it really is a matter of years. I mean from time of discovery to getting it to the market takes roughly 12 to 18 years. Richard Miles: 4:15Wow. Phillip Furman: 4:16Now you really don’t know how effective a drug is going to be until you test it in humans for the very first time. And that can take from time of discovery to actually, first in humans, maybe five years. Richard Miles: 4:31Cause you start out with animals first. Right? Phillip Furman: 4:34Well, if you’re looking at efficacy, it depends on whether or not there is an animal model available to test its efficacy . If not, well, then you’ve got to, and of course you do any way to get a drug approved, show primarily that it is safe. That is the main criteria that the FDA is looking for, that the drug is safe. And there’s a lot of tests that go on between the discovery and putting it into humans to show that it’s safe, both in vitro or in cell culture essays to show that it’s not toxic to cells all the way to animals and doing in vivo toxicology studies. Richard Miles: 5:16So after you’ve completed animal trials, of course, the next big thing is to start conducting human trials, which I understand is one, very expensive, right? Phillip Furman: 5:24It is. Richard Miles: 5:25And then two, fairly lengthy because you have to have, I presume a big enough sample size, which requires drawing in appropriate humans to do the study, make sure that you’re demographically balanced, et cetera, et cetera. And then of course there’s a safety angle, right? It’s not going to let you do this and start experimenting in humans with experimental drug, unless you’ve given them some assurances that this is not going to kill people, right? Phillip Furman: 5:48That’s correct. The first studies in humans are a short trial with a small population of volunteers. Richard Miles: 5:54And how small roughly are we talking about maybe? Phillip Furman: 5:57Um, 50 to 100. And what they do is they agree to take the drug for a certain amount of time and then are followed by physicians to look for any adverse reaction to the drug. And that’s called the phase one study. Richard Miles: 6:13And that can take a couple years? Phillip Furman: 6:15No, that can take a year. Now the phase one study is primarily to show safety. Richard Miles: 6:23Okay. No negative effects. So you’re not even looking to see does the drug work, does it not harm people? Phillip Furman: 6:30Now, that has changed a little bit in that the human volunteers can also be people who are infected with the virus. And that’s what was done with AZT. That’s what was done with drugs for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The investigators were able to do these short term studies to show safety, but they were able to do them in volunteers who were infected with the virus. So they got a quick handle on whether or not there was any efficacy for the drug. Richard Miles: 7:01I see. So it’s beneficial, I guess, from both sides, right? Because from the investigator side, you now get to jump to, I’m actually treating someone who has this condition. And from the patient side, they’re getting access to potentially a lifesaving drug, presumably a lot earlier than they might. Phillip Furman: 7:18Not really, no. You still have to follow the protocol that the FDA requires. And that is to do the phase one study, which is primarily a safety study. Then if you show safety, you can go to phase two, which is where the bigger population of patients. And those are generally patients who are infected by the virus. So that’s really your first real look at efficacy. The phase one study that’s done in human volunteers shows you some efficacy. It helps you to determine what dose you might want to use in your next studies Richard Miles: 7:57In phase two studies. How many people does that involve? Phillip Furman: 8:01Oh geez, that’s several hundred. Richard Miles: 8:03Several hundred. Okay . And they have to be presumably recruited and screened so that, you know, you’re going to get some pretty representative results . Phillip Furman: 8:11That’s right, that’s right. Richard Miles: 8:12Those take several years or how long did this take? Phillip Furman: 8:15The study probably will go on six months to a year. A lot of it depends upon what the FDA is going to require. After the phase one study, you meet with the FDA with a proposal for phase two and they can have you adjust your study , uh , according to what they want to see. Richard Miles: 8:33Let’s talk about efficacy. How does the world look different now for someone with HIV or hepatitis B or C with the development of these antiviral drugs? What was it before in terms of quality of life, life expectancy, that sort of thing. And what does it look like now? Phillip Furman: 8:47Well, for any of these chronic infections, we won’t talk about herpes because that’s really, although it’s a chronic infection wasn’t necessarily life threatening, but with HIV, it progressed dramatically from AZT to other drugs and combinations of drugs with AZT, there was some efficacy involved, but it wasn’t perfect. It wasn’t the best. And we knew that from the start, that AZT would be well, if you will, the breakthrough to show that you can treat HIV much, like you treat heart conditions, diabetes, cancer, as a chronic disease, it wouldn’t be a cure, but you could hopefully extend the life expectancy of the patients. There was some positive effects with AZT , but as I said, it wasn’t the best, but it opened the door to other pharmaceutical companies to come in and develop other drugs. And some of these drugs were put into combination with AZT. And now the life expectancy with the new drugs that have come out, people can live a normal life. Richard Miles: 9:53Wow. That’s stunning. Really. I mean, if you think about HIV/AIDS was I guess, first discovered in the eighties, right? Phillip Furman: 9:59Yes. Richard Miles: 9:59And at that time effectively was a death sentence, right? Phillip Furman: 10:02Yeah, it was. Richard Miles: 10:02It was basically some matter of time. And now, like you said, it’s in the same category as having heart disease or kidney disease or something that it’s a serious condition, but yet it can be managed effectively. In combination with these drugs. Phillip Furman: 10:16Now hepatitis C on the other hand is totally different. It is a chronic disease, but it’s curable. And the work that we did at Pharmaset, the discovery is Sofosbuvir showed that you can cure hepatitis C patients up to 99% of them, as opposed to the combination of Interferon and Ribavirin, which was able to cure maybe at the most 50% of the patients that were treated. A lot of them failed. A lot of them quit because the Interferon / Ribavirin in combination was actually like having the flu for as long as you were on the combination, people were just miserable. Richard Miles: 10:58Right, right. And taking it, it’s a bit of a double edged sword when you have these incredible breakthroughs, like with HIV and AZT, do people begin to think that this is an easier process than it actually is because on hand, people say, well, look, once we throw enough money at this, then boom, we come up with a pretty good solution or does it spur maybe more funding, more research, more resources devoted to other diseases? Sometimes success is more problematic than failure, right? It brings new problems that you didn’t even think of before has that also to some extent happened in the drug discovery world? Phillip Furman: 11:33Oh absolutely, I will refer back to Acyclovir. Prior to the discovery of Acyclovir, there was very little work going on in antivirals. The focus of antiviral drug discovery from 1960s forward to Acyclovir was minimal. Few companies were dabbling in. It all focused on herpes viruses and the drugs that they were coming up with all came from anticancer programs. So they were very toxic and could not be used systemically, but Acyclovir was really the game changer because, it was found to be not only specific for herpes virus, but very selective in that it was relatively nontoxic. And so it was consequently the first approved antiviral for herpes or antiviral drug that could be used systemically. Richard Miles: 12:27Wow. Phillip Furman: 12:27The others were all used topically. Richard Miles: 12:28So Phillip, you’re uniquely, I think qualified to sort of look at the whole drug discovery process from the beginning to a successful conclusion. And this is something that constantly has the attention of politicians and society at large healthcare , particularly diseases. Are there things that from a policy perspective, say the government or even private foundations when they make their decisions about how to spend money, are there changes in that process? Again, starting out with the researcher, the investigator through to getting the drug or the treatment on market that government should be doing, whether it’s national state local, or that foundations that support research should be doing that would make this process easier, that isn’t getting attention? Only easy questions on this show Phillip, we don’t go for hard ones. Or if you want to focus on any one segment of that, is there a policy change that would make some of this a little bit easier and faster? Phillip Furman: 13:22Well, there was a policy change in the FDA that occurred because of the approval of AZT and what it allowed the FDA to do was to approve certain drugs for diseases that were serious diseases, basically like AZT where the outcome was obviously you are going to die, right? And the approval of AZT did help the speed up the approval process in that the FDA shortened, the approval process for drugs that met an unmet medical need. And that was for patients who were dying from a disease, that there was no drug available. And so they actually changed the regulations so that in situations where there is an unmet medical need and it was life threatening, that they would allow drugs to be approved more rapidly with less data. Richard Miles: 14:22Okay. So if you were to compare this, to say some new drug or procedure that aided in heart disease, the FDA could say, well, look, there are other available treatments for heart disease. So we need to go slower on this. Cause we’re not sure if it’s better, et cetera, et cetera. But in this case in HIV, there was no alternate treatment, Phillip Furman: 14:38That’s absolutely right. Richard Miles: 14:39And people are dying l eft a nd right. So i n those cases, that’s a pretty solid contribution I think, as a lay person, what I would hear and continue to hear to some extent i s t hat, well, gosh, if only the FDA, w e’re not as slow, we’re more efficient t han we’d have more of these drugs on the market. And it sounds like the development of A ZT in particular helped shorten that cycle for those cases, in which, Phillip Furman: 15:00There was an unmet medical need. Richard Miles: 15:03Right, there’s no other option on the table. Phillip let’s talk about you for a little bit. And like a lot of people in Florida, you’re from New York. You’re not from Florida lets put it that way, you came to Florida as a teenager to Tarpon Springs. Phillip Furman: 15:16That’s correct. Richard Miles: 15:17So what was that like? Was that a bit of a culture shock? Phillip Furman: 15:19Oh it was. Richard Miles: 15:20To come down to Tarpon Springs, first of all, why did you move? Did your parents get a new job down here? Phillip Furman: 15:25My dad took a job that required him to travel. He worked for a refrigeration company and he was given the state of Florida, Georgia and, Richard Miles: 15:36Kind of as his territory? Phillip Furman: 15:37Yeah. It was his territory. And so felt that moving to Florida and centralizing in Florida would be the thing to do. Richard Miles: 15:46And so you were kind of drawn to science at an early age, right? I mean you fairly were a good student. Is there a particular teacher or class in particular where you thought this is great? I love this. Phillip Furman: 15:56Well, yes. I mean, when you said that I was drawn at an early age, I was, probably about eight years old. My uncle gave me a microscope. That was his, when he was a kid. And I was just absolutely fascinated with what you could see with a microscope. Richard Miles: 16:12Do you remember some of the first things that you would try putting in the , Phillip Furman: 16:15Just water from, out in the driveway or leaves or onion skins? Oh , you know, a lot of the same things that most people would probably look at, but it opened a whole new world for me. And then, well then after that probably a year or two later, my folks gave me a chemistry set. One of those big Gilbert chemistry sets. If you ever seen one of those. And I would work in the garage in the summertime with that chemistry set, there was a bench out there and I’d have that set up in the winter when it was snowing, I would go down in the basement and there was a work bench there that I put it up . Richard Miles: 16:51Were your parents ever worried about the garage blowing up? Phillip Furman: 16:53No, no. Richard Miles: 16:53So between the microscope and the chemistry set, Phillip Furman: 16:59That got me. Richard Miles: 17:00That got you, kind of hooked. Phillip Furman: 17:01I think there was always interested in exploring. And I think that opened up the whole idea of wanting to discover things, because the next thing, when I was 12 years old, my dad came home. He was taking flying lessons at the airport up in New York. And he came home and said that some people found arrowheads down along the river bank there where they plowed the fields, plant corn right next to the airport. Oh boy, I want to do that. So I went down and I actually , uh , been interested in archeology ever since and have done site surveys for the state of North Carolina. Richard Miles: 17:41Oh wow, okay . This is more than just a hobby? Phillip Furman: 17:43I was living in North Carolina. Well, I thought about that as a career, but I enjoy this too much. This is too much like fun. This is my relaxation. Richard Miles: 17:51Ok right, you didn’t want to make it, you didn’t want to ruin it by making it work. Phillip Furman: 17:55But getting back to the question of who, when I was in college, I took a microbiology course and became very interested in microbiology. And I happened to be myself and my suite mate. I happened to be very fortunate to have a very good relationship with the chairman of the department. And he kind of took us under our wing and under his wing, sorry, he kind of pushed me towards medical microbiology. I thought that’s what I wanted to be. It was a medical microbiologist and working in the hospital laboratory and doing, Richard Miles: 18:32And that was here at University of South Florida, right? Phillip Furman: 18:34No, this was at Piedmont College. Yeah. Where I got my bachelor’s , but then when I graduated, I thought, you know, I really probably need more education and I should probably get a master’s . And so I applied to USF and got into the master’s program and was very fortunate again, to have another tremendous mentor , uh , Dr. John Betts , who passed away a few years ago. And I did my dissertation research with him and it was amazing. I mean, I worked on a phenomenon called the auto plaque phenomenon. This particular type of bacteria kind of kills itself. And we tried to figure out why I did all sorts of experiments, played around with bacteria phage, which is a bacteria virus that infects bacteria and kills them and did a lot of work on electron microscope. And I thought , wow, this is terrific. And so when I finished up everything, I went and talked to him about what I ought to do for a career. Should I do anything more? And he said, you should go on and get your PhD. I said, well, I’d like to do the same things I’m doing with you. And he says , no, you ought to consider animal viruses their up and coming thing. And that was actually back in 1970. So animal viruses were beginning to become very popular to work with. And so I went on to Tulane and got my PhD in microbiology with an emphasis in virology. Richard Miles: 20:07That’s a perfect segue into my next question, in which I imagine now roles are reversed in which you have graduate students coming to you, or you have other people maybe in the industry coming to you, seeking advice, if you could meet your 21 or 22 year old self, or maybe 21 or 22 year olds seek your advice, what sort of advice do you generally give them? And then I guess I’ll tack on one question. What sort of questions do you normally get? Are they all sort of very specific? Do I go to this program or that program? Are they more general? Like what do I do as a career type of questions? Phillip Furman: 20:38I think it’s more, what should I do for a career? Basically tell them to follow their heart. What did they love? And once they find what they’re looking for to not just focus on that one specific thing. You know, don’t focus in on virology, learn everything that you possibly can. If it includes other disciplines, learn that you’re bound to find something in a totally different discipline that might be applied to what you are really interested in focusing on. And then I would probably tell them as Jim Valvano, the basketball coach that died of cancer, who was a coach at North Carolina State University, don’t give up, don’t ever give up. One last thing is with regard to their own personal research as to keep an open mind, follow the data, that negative results to give you as much information as a positive result. Well, that is all great advice. I think you need to write a book or something about something you said jumped out at me and something I’ve heard from a lot of inventors and that is while you’re focused on one area, nevertheless, bring in insights from other disciplines or other areas because that’s, I think truly where the invention part happens, right? Because if you’re just staring at your data all day long, that’s all you see. But if you’re able to bring in other models, other paradigms from totally different fields or dissimilar fields, that’s often where you’re able to now look at the same data and just come away with different conclusions or insights . I’ve heard that from a lot of inventors. I’m guessing there’s something there. I think there is. Richard Miles: 22:18I think there’s something there. Thank you very much for being on this episode of Radio Cade, I neglected to mention we’re recording this and the Palatial Studios of University of South Florida in Tampa with the assistance of the Ford Inventors Hall of Fame with whom the Cade Museum has a partnership. So we’re very happy that USF and Ford Inventors Hall of fame connection and Phillip thank you very much for being on the show. Phillip Furman: 22:38Thank you. Outro: 22:40Radio Cade would like to thank the following people for their help and support Liz Gist of the Cade Museum for coordinating and vendor interviews. Bob McPeak of Heartwood Soundstage in downtown Gainesville, Florida for recording, editing and production of the podcasts and music theme, Tracy Collins for the composition and performance of the Radio Cade theme song, featuring violinist, Jacob Lawson and special thanks to the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention located in Gainesville, Florida.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.30.125856v1?rss=1 Authors: Mesci, P., Macia, A., Saleh, A., Martin-Sancho, L., YIN, X., Snethlage, C., Avansini, S., Chanda, S., Muotri, A. Abstract: COVID-19 was rapidly declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, only three months after the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China. Early clinical care mainly focused on respiratory illnesses. However, a variety of neurological manifestations in both adults and newborns are also emerging. To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 could target the human brain, we infected iPSC-derived human brain organoids. Our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 was able to infect and kill neural cells, including cortical neurons. This phenotype was accompanied by impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, Sofosbuvir, an FDA-approved antiviral drug, was able to rescue these alterations. Given that there are currently no vaccine or antiviral treatments available, urgent therapies are needed. Our findings put Sofosbuvir forward as potential treatments to alleviate COVID-19-related neurological symptoms. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

il caso Sofosbuvir; il processo Menarini; il difficile trasporto per gli studenti disabili

il caso Sofosbuvir; il processo Menarini; il difficile trasporto per gli studenti disabili

This episode features Dr. Adrian Di Bisceglie discussing a Practice Changing UpDate related to sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for treatment of chronic HCV infection (starts at 00:51); and Dr. Vinod Bhutani discussing neonatal phototherapy and risk of childhood cancer (starts at 14:50). Dr. Nancy Sokol hosts.

il caso Sofosbuvir; il processo Menarini; il difficile trasporto per gli studenti disabili

Note: Published earlier in 2015. Drs. Stephen A. Harrison and Saleh A. Alqahtani discuss the paper: Safety and Tolerability of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir With and Without Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection: Analysis of Phase III ION Trials.

Drs. Stephen A. Harrison and Saleh A. Alqahtani discuss the paper: Safety and Tolerability of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir With and Without Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection: Analysis of Phase III ION Trials.

By exploiting the patent system, Big Pharma makes lifesaving medicines unaffordable to many in need. Tahir Amin, co-director of the Initiative for Medicines, Access, and Knowledge, explains how it works, and what his group is doing to stop it. (Published: May 20, 2015)

Drs. Stephen A. Harrison and Eric M. Yoshida discuss the paper: Concordance of sustained virological response 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-treatment with sofosbuvir-containing regimens for hepatitis C virus from the January issue of HEPATOLOGY.

Interview with Mark S. Sulkowski, MD, author of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C in Patients With HIV Coinfection

-IL ROBOT OPERA ALLA TIROIDE SENZA SEGNI SUL COLLO Il robot chirurgo Da Vinci, 'telecomandato' dall2019équipe dell'Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica del Policlinico universitario A. Gemelli di Roma, diretta dal professor Rocco Bellantone, ha eseguito un intervento senza precedenti nel Lazio e nel Sud Italia: ha operato la tiroide di una giovane paziente senza lasciare alcun segno sul suo collo. Il robot ha raggiunto la ghiandola malata attraverso l'ascella. L'intervento eseguito al Policlinico Gemelli si chiama 'Tiroidectomia robotica trans-ascellare'. Si tratta di un'operazione al momento indicata in casi selezionati. L'intervento è stato effettuato lo scorso 17 gennaio su una donna di 37 anni affetta da gozzo nodulare. La giovane è stata dimessa in ottime condizioni il giorno dopo l'operazione. La tecnica della Tiroidectomia robotica trans-ascellare, messa a punto in Corea e attualmente in via di diffusione anche nei Paesi occidentali, consente di evitare ogni cicatrice sul collo rispetto alle tecniche convenzionale e mini-invasiva, che vengono eseguite con un accesso chirurgico cervicale. Col nuovo intervento la tiroide viene infatti raggiunta dall'ascella, con un accesso chirurgico nascosto e poco visibile. Attraverso la singola incisione ascellare vengono introdotte la telecamera e gli strumenti robotici, che sono manovrati dal chirurgo comodamente seduto alla consolle. Il sistema computerizzato consente una visione tridimensionale e ingrandita, nonché un assoluto controllo dei movimenti degli strumenti robotici. Queste caratteristiche tecniche facilitano e rendono molto accurata la dissezione chirurgica, garantendo l'assoluta sicurezza dell'intervento. La tiroidectomia robotica è attualmente indicata per il trattamento della patologia tiroidea nodulare benigna. È però in corso di validazione il suo impiego per il trattamento della patologia maligna in pazienti a basso rischio. -MICRO PUNTURA CONTRO I CALCOLI RENALI NEI BAMBINI All'Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù di Roma è possibile polverizzare i calcoli renali nei bambini con una 'puntura' indolore. Si chiama 'Micro-perc' la nuova tecnica mini-invasiva, sperimentata con successo per la prima volta su una bambina di 11 anni, che consente, attraverso strumenti miniaturizzati, di abbattere il rischio di danni ai reni e di ridurre di oltre il 50% i tempi di ospedalizzazione rispetto ai metodi tradizionali. Considerata una malattia tipica dell'adulto, la calcolosi renale colpisce 2 bambini su 100, rappresentando un problema anche per i più piccoli. La nuova metodica si avvale di un ago sottile (da 1,6 mm) dentro il quale scorrono una finissima fibra ottica (0,9 mm) e una fibra laser (da 270 micron) con cui si riesce contemporaneamente ad avere una visione diretta dei calcoli renali e a distruggerli. Le dimensioni miniaturizzate della strumentazione riducono di molto il rischio di sanguinamento e di lesioni al rene, permettendo di trattare una buona parte di calcoli senza ricorrere alle tecniche 'classiche', molto aggressive per l'organo. -NUOVO FARMACO PER EPATITE C La Commissione Europea ha concesso l'autorizzazione per l'immissione in commercio delle compresse da 400 mg di Sovaldi® (sofosbuvir), un analogo nucleotidico inibitore della polimerasi in mono-somministrazione orale giornaliera, per il trattamento dell'infezione cronica da epatite C (CHC) in soggetti adulti, in associazione con altri agenti antivirali: ribavirina (RBV) e interferone pegilato alfa (peg-IFN). L'autorizzazione giunge in seguito ad un processo di valutazione accelerato da parte dell'Agenzia Europea dei Medicinali. Sofosbuvir è stato studiato su tutti i genotipi dell'HCV 1-6. -APIXABAN PER LA FIBRILLAZIONE ATRIALE NON VALVOLARE Apixaban, anticoagulante orale inibitore diretto del fattore Xa, è ora rimborsato in Italia anche per la prevenzione dell'ictus e dell'embolia sistemica nei pazienti adulti affetti da Fibrillazione Atriale Non Valvolare (FANV) che presentino uno o più dei seguenti fattori di rischio: un precedente ictus o un attacco ischemico transitorio, età pari o superiore a 75 anni, ipertensione, diabete mellito, scompenso cardiaco sintomatico. Apixaban si è dimostrato in grado di ridurre in modo significativo il rischio di ictus, embolia ed emorragie e di ridurre il tasso di mortalità da tutte le cause. -XII CONFERENZA INTERNAZIONALE DISTROFIA MUSCOLARE DI DUCHENNE E BECKER E' in corso a Roma la XII Conferenza Internazionale sulla distrofia muscolare Duchenne e Becker, organizzata da Parent Project onlus, l'associazione di genitori di bambini affetti da questa patologia, attiva in Italia dal 1996. Come gli anni precedenti, la Conferenza Internazionale sarà l2019occasione per permettere ai pazienti e alle famiglie di incontrare gli esperti di tutto il mondo e di conoscere i progressi della ricerca e lo stato delle sperimentazioni nel campo. Nel 2002 Parent Project onlus ha organizzato per la prima volta in Italia la Conferenza Internazionale sulla distrofia muscolare Duchenne e Becker, e sin dalla prima edizione è diventato un momento focale sullo stato della ricerca scientifica e la gestione clinica della malattia. La conferenza ospita ogni anno oltre 600 partecipanti.

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Interview with Anthony S. Fauci, MD, author of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Genotype 1 in Patients With Unfavorable Treatment Characteristics: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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