POPULARITY
This week, we're thrilled to share a conversation with Lisa Olsen Tait and Scott Hales, two of the historians and general editors behind Saints, the Church's official history series. With the release of Volume 4 which covers the years of 1955 to 2020, this monumental task of recounting the Church's story from its founding to the present day is now complete.And in this candid discussion, Lisa and Scott reflect on the Church's evolving approach to its own history through the years. They both share a deep commitment to transparency and accuracy and discuss how this volume takes deliberate steps to address challenging topics—including the priesthood and temple ban, the Church's rapid global growth and subsequent correlation efforts of the 1960s, and how those changes shaped women's roles and autonomy within the community.They share powerful stories of ordinary members navigating these pivotal moments. From Black Latter-day Saints who held onto hope during the painful years before 1978 to those who quietly and actively worked for change, these stories offer a vision of discipleship that embraced courage, resilience, creativity, and deep faith—a model that feels especially relevant today.This conversation was a beautiful reminder that each of us is part of a rich, unfolding history—a history that connects us to generations of Saints who faced their own challenges and whose courage and faithfulness have blessed us today. We hope it inspires you to see your own place in this story. And with that, here's our conversation with Lisa and Scott.
On Tuesday, Oct. 29, 2024, the Church History Department celebrated the release of the fourth and final volume of the “Saints” historical series, chronicling the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. “Saints, Volume 4: Sounded in Every Ear” is now available in 14 languages and various formats, appropriately as the volume follows the rapid growth in Church membership globally from 1955 to 2020. On this episode of the Church News podcast, Church History Department historians Scott Hales and James Perry join to discuss the growing publication of this literary series, the importance of personal historical narratives and the ever-expanding positive impact of the Church as it continues to roll forth in every nation, kindred, tongue and people. The Church News Podcast is a weekly podcast that invites listeners to make a journey of connection with members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints across the globe. Host Jon Ryan Jensen, editor of The Church News, shares a unique view of the stories, events, and people who form this international faith. With each episode, listeners are asked to embark on a journey to learn from one another and ponder, “What do I know now?” because of the experience. Produced by KellieAnn Halvorsen.
Scott Hales reads his poem, "Holy Envy," and Kara Applegate reads their poem, "Misericordia." Scott Hales is a writer, critic, and historian living in Eagle Mountain, Utah. His work has appeared in Religion and the Arts, BYU Studies, Irreantum, The Under Review, The Sandy River Review, and other academic and literary journals. His first collection of poetry, Hemingway in Paradise and Other Mormon Poems, was published in 2022. Kara Applegate lives and writes in Salem, Massachusetts. They hold an MA in Theological Studies from Princeton Seminary, and their manuscript "On Certain Mornings" was awarded first runner-up in the 2018 National Federation of State Poetry Societes' College Undergraduate Poetry Competition. At the moment, their poetic interests include exploring queer embodiment and cultivating a sense of place in the midst of climate change. This is their first publication. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vita-poetica/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vita-poetica/support
In this season finale, Jed Woodworth, managing historian of the Saints project, Scott Hales, the literary editor of the volume, and Lisa Olsen Tait, a general editor for this volume, join us to take a look back over volume 3 and to reflect on its production. We discuss the challenges of researching and writing this volume during COVID 19.
Mirimar Rangers Head Coach Scott Hales catches up with Riccardo to talk about the Football Ferns World Cup build up match vs the USA team, what that means for NZ, Champions League & more Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
QUICK LISTEN | "Everyone's gearing up, especially in Wellington." Mirimar Rangers Coach Scott Hales on the buzz building in the capital around the upcoming FIFA World Cup Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Tarienne Mitchell, a professional archivist, and Scott Hales, the lead writer and a General Editor of Saints Volume three, join us in this episode to discuss marginalized Latter-day Saints and the ways in which they lived the gospel. We talk about how Latter-day Saints in different areas of the world maintain their faith despite the hardships they faced.
Scott Hales, the lead writer and a General Editor of Saints, Volume 3, joins us to discuss the Church's efforts to expand its operations in South America. We also talk about German Latter-day Saint Otto Schulzke and the changing leadership role that American missionaries played in Europe.
January 24, 2022 (Season 4, Episode 3; 75 minutes). Click here for the Utah Dept. of Culture & Community Engagement's versions of this episode. Are you interested in other episodes of SYP? Click here.Just in time for Utah's July 24th Pioneer Day celebrations, this episode of Speak Your Piece (SYP) offers new research and new approaches, regarding the first forty-seven years (1846-1893) of a 175 year relationship between Utah and the Mormons. Before you celebrate Utah's 24th of July, load-up on some new history, offered by historians Matthew J. Grow and Scott Hales, via a discussion with SYP host Brad Westwood. The book discussed in this episode: Saints, Vol. 2: No Unhallowed Hand, 1846-1893, The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Day, produced by the Church History Department, and published by Deseret Book in 2020. The volume covers from 1846, when the largest branch of the Mormon church made it way, in earnest and en masse, to settle outside of the United States in upper Mexico; and ends in 1893, when the Salt Lake Temple was dedicated, some forty years after its groundbreaking ceremony, in a series of ticket-only ceremonies held between April 6 and April 24, 1893.Topics discussed in this candid open interview with two of the LDS Church's top historians includes (among numerous other subjects): the purpose of history within the church, the authors' use of extended links to deeper organizational web sources, the internal process used to produced history by the Church History Department, more national and regional history is described (broader contexts), the use of spiritual experiences in the historical narrative, and the church's phenomenal expansion in the second half of the19th century. The book also offers a concerted effort at telling more women's history--mostly personal stories that have been woven throughout the volume. Next, there is a good helping of “difficult history,” including the church's interactions with issues of race, minorities and non-Mormons, its relationships with Native American communities, the conflicts related to forty-seven years of federal appointees governing Utah as a territory, and the complex and unending story of polygamy (some demographers think conservatively 1% of Utah's current population is engaged, in one way or another, with polygamy). All together this new LDS Church history series is a commendable effort (from the largest and most well funded private history organization in the Intermountain West), as many topics and themes discussed--including historians judiciously describing historical mistakes made--would in previous official histories, not even be considered let alone treated.The new four volume church history series ostensibly updates (maybe replaces) the First Presidency approvedThe Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints authored by B. H. Roberts.Bios: Dr. Matthew J. Grow, is Managing Director of the LDS Church History Department. In that capacity, he leads a team of history professionals who collect documents and artifacts, preserve them, and promote understanding of the LDS Church's past through a publishing program, a research library, a museum, and many historic sites. Dr. Scott Hales is a writer and historian for the LDS Church History Department since 2015. He serves as a general editor and lead writer for Saints, the aforementioned four-volume history of the Mormon Church.
“This Church will stand, because it is upon a firm basis. … The Lord has shown it to us by the revealing principle of the Holy Spirit of light.” Lorenzo Snow, April 1900 That quotes embodies much of what is going on in the third volume of SAINTS, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' ongoing history being produced by the Church Historical Department. In it, we find Latter-day Saint Christians confronting new information, ideas, and grappling with changes required of the Saints as they entered the twentieth century and globalized throughout the early twentieth century. We learn about the end of sanctioned plural marriages and how African American converts lived with racism in their local congregations. We'll also learn about how Saints around the world embraced the challenges brought on by Revolution, Depression and world wars, and came out as stronger Saints with vibrant testimonies of the restored gospel. In today's episode, we speak with two of the writers and editors of the Saints project, Lisa Olsen Tait and Scott Hales, about how and why the Saints project as created, resources available to deepen Latter-day Saints' understandings of the past through approved resources, and much, much more. The post Maxwell Institute Podcast #143: Saints in a Modernizing World, with Lisa Olsen Tait and Scott Hales appeared first on Neal A. Maxwell Institute | BYU.
“This Church will stand, because it is upon a firm basis. … The Lord has shown it to us by the revealing principle of the Holy Spirit of light.” Lorenzo Snow, April 1900 That quotes embodies much of what is going on in the third volume of SAINTS, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day […] The post Maxwell Institute Podcast #143: Saints in a Modernizing World, with Lisa Olsen Tait and Scott Hales appeared first on Neal A. Maxwell Institute | BYU.
The third volume of “Saints” — the narrative history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — was released April 22, 2022. Titled “Boldly, Nobly, and Independent,” the narrative book chronicles the spread of the Church worldwide from 1893 to 1955. This episode of the Church News podcast features “Saints” general editor and lead historian Jed Woodworth, and general editor and lead writer Scott Hales. They dive into the compelling accounts of Church members and communities during a period of social change, global pandemic and two world wars. They explain how faith in the restored gospel of Jesus Christ can help Latter-day Saints overcome trials — including the trials Church members face today. The Church News Podcast is a weekly podcast that invites listeners to make a journey of connection with members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints across the globe. Host Sarah Jane Weaver, reporter and editor for The Church News for a quarter-century, shares a unique view of the stories, events, and most important people who form this international faith. With each episode, listeners are asked to embark on a journey to learn from one another and ponder, “What do I know now?” because of the experience. Produced by KellieAnn Halvorsen. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
R. Eric SmithMatthew C. Godfrey The Interview In this episode of Latter-day Saint Perspectives Podcast, Laura Harris Hales interviews R. Eric Smith and Matthew C. Godfrey about Know Brother Joseph: New Perspectives on Joseph Smith’s Life and Character, the new book that they coedited with Matthew J. Grow. The Joseph Smith Papers Project has published thousands of pages of transcripts, introductions, footnotes, and supplemental materials in recent years. The project’s print volumes have sold more than 200,000 copies, and last year alone, the project’s website, josephsmithpapers.org, had more than 650,000 unique visitors. Though the publications are aimed primarily at scholars, these numbers make it clear that Church members are the main consumers. Other recent Church publications, such as Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, have also made information from the Joseph Smith Papers available to many Latter-day Saints. Still, it is undoubtedly the case that the majority of Church members have not spent time in the Joseph Smith Papers. This is certainly understandable, given the scholarly format and the sheer number of pages. Enter Know Brother Joseph, a new collection of short essays on Joseph Smith designed to bridge that gap—to share information from the Joseph Smith Papers and other recent works of scholarship with a general Latter-day Saint audience. The three coeditors, all of whom are general editors of the Joseph Smith Papers, invited more than 40 historians and other scholars who have spent years thinking about the founding prophet to provide insights into his history, teachings, and character attributes. The writers were asked to share historical perspectives in a faith-promoting way, similar to how they might present information in a fireside. Some essayists also chose to discuss how something from Joseph’s experience had personal relevance to them. The result is a collection of brief, informative, inspiring essays that all Latter-day Saints can read and enjoy. Some essayists explore familiar topics but in new ways. For example, writing on the First Vision, Robin Jensen of the Joseph Smith Papers discusses why Joseph might have waited twelve years before first writing down what he had experienced. Kathleen Flake, a professor of Mormon Studies at the University of Virginia, examines how the coming forth of the Book of Mormon and the restoration of priesthood authority solved the “problem” identified in the First Vision, namely, “Where is the power of salvation to be found on earth?” Essays with personal details include those from Eric Smith and Elizabeth Kuehn. After relating episodes showing how Joseph Smith responded to adversity, Eric shares how Joseph’s example has given him strength to bear up against challenges in his own life. Elizabeth, a historian with the Joseph Smith Papers, discusses some of Joseph Smith’s character traits that she has been drawn to. She writes, “Spending the last several years immersed in Joseph’s history has brought him to life for me in ways I would never have imagined. It has made him become someone I feel I know.” That writers selected their own topics allows personal enthusiasm and expertise to shine through. For example, the essay from Scott Hales, lead writer for Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, looks at how Joseph Smith chose to tell his own history. This kind of “meta” analysis—with one writer of history examining another—is a unique way of approaching Joseph Smith. Essayists did not shy away from potentially challenging subjects. Chapters discuss, for example, Joseph’s evolving views on race, an altercation he had with his brother William, a disciplinary council considering a case of physical abuse, Joseph’s teaching about Heavenly Mother, and questions about how the doctrine of eternal sealing might apply within a blended family.
The Interview In this episode of Latter-day Saint Perspectives Podcast, Laura Harris Hales interviews R. Eric Smith and Matthew C. Godfrey about Know Brother Joseph: New Perspectives on Joseph Smith’s Life and Character, the new book that they coedited with Matthew J. Grow. The Joseph Smith Papers Project has published thousands of pages of transcripts, introductions, footnotes, and supplemental materials in recent years. The project’s print volumes have sold more than 200,000 copies, and last year alone, the project’s website, josephsmithpapers.org, had more than 650,000 unique visitors. Though the publications are aimed primarily at scholars, these numbers make it clear that Church members are the main consumers. Other recent Church publications, such as Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, have also made information from the Joseph Smith Papers available to many Latter-day Saints. Still, it is undoubtedly the case that the majority of Church members have not spent time in the Joseph Smith Papers. This is certainly understandable, given the scholarly format and the sheer number of pages. Enter Know Brother Joseph, a new collection of short essays on Joseph Smith designed to bridge that gap—to share information from the Joseph Smith Papers and other recent works of scholarship with a general Latter-day Saint audience. The three coeditors, all of whom are general editors of the Joseph Smith Papers, invited more than 40 historians and other scholars who have spent years thinking about the founding prophet to provide insights into his history, teachings, and character attributes. The writers were asked to share historical perspectives in a faith-promoting way, similar to how they might present information in a fireside. Some essayists also chose to discuss how something from Joseph’s experience had personal relevance to them. The result is a collection of brief, informative, inspiring essays that all Latter-day Saints can read and enjoy. Some essayists explore familiar topics but in new ways. For example, writing on the First Vision, Robin Jensen of the Joseph Smith Papers discusses why Joseph might have waited twelve years before first writing down what he had experienced. Kathleen Flake, a professor of Mormon Studies at the University of Virginia, examines how the coming forth of the Book of Mormon and the restoration of priesthood authority solved the “problem” identified in the First Vision, namely, “Where is the power of salvation to be found on earth?” Essays with personal details include those from Eric Smith and Elizabeth Kuehn. After relating episodes showing how Joseph Smith responded to adversity, Eric shares how Joseph’s example has given him strength to bear up against challenges in his own life. Elizabeth, a historian with the Joseph Smith Papers, discusses some of Joseph Smith’s character traits that she has been drawn to. She writes, “Spending the last several years immersed in Joseph’s history has brought him to life for me in ways I would never have imagined. It has made him become someone I feel I know.” That writers selected their own topics allows personal enthusiasm and expertise to shine through. For example, the essay from Scott Hales, lead writer for Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, looks at how Joseph Smith chose to tell his own history. This kind of “meta” analysis—with one writer of history examining another—is a unique way of approaching Joseph Smith. Essayists did not shy away from potentially challenging subjects. Chapters discuss, for example, Joseph’s evolving views on race, an altercation he had with his brother William, a disciplinary council considering a case of physical abuse, Joseph’s teaching about Heavenly Mother, and questions about how the doctrine of eternal sealing might apply within a blended family. The life of Joseph Smith teaches us different lessons as we return to it at diffe...
In our final episode of Season 2 of the Saints podcast, hosts Ben Godfrey and Shalyn Back are joined by Scott Hales and Jed Woodworth. Scott and Jed share how being involved with this volume has changed them and what they have learned along the way.
Scott Hales is the lead writer and literary editor of Saints, Volume 2. In this week's episode Scott discusses Jane Manning James's desire to participate in temple work and receive a recommend to perform temple baptisms.
Scott Hales is the lead writer and literary editor of Saints, Volume 2. In this week’s episode Scott discusses Jane Manning James’s desire to participate in temple work and receive a recommend to perform temple baptisms.
Ben Godfrey, Sarah Eyring and Scott Hales, the Senior Story Editor for the Saints Project, talk about their favorite parts of Saints Volume 1. What did we learn? Who are the favorite people we met along the way?
Emma and Joseph lose their first child. 116 pages of the Book of Mormon are lost. In this episode, “Saints" writers Scott Hales and Angela Hallstrom share the background on these sorrowful events.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints last published a multivolume history in 1930. Millions from across the globe have joined the Church in the 90 years that have passed since that history and “Saints” is the effort to preserve the story of the ongoing restoration. We are all a part of the story told in the Church’s new history—it is our story of becoming Saints "through the Atonement of Christ the Lord." On this week's episode, we talk with lead writer Scott Hales about the research that went into the book Church members around the world have fallen in love with. "I think the Lord knows the kind of book He wants. And I think He knows the kind of stories that the Saints need at this time, and makes sure that that happens in the process." Show Notes 1:30- A Lifelong Interest 4:21- The Beginnings of “Saints” 6:08- Transparency 8:14- Complexity 10:58- Writing Style 14:40- Tragic Beauty 16:01- The Writing Process 23:39- Getting to Know Someone 26:44- Spending Time With Joseph 32:30- Gathering the Saints 35:10- What Does It Mean To Be “All In” the Gospel of Jesus Christ? Find the full episode transcript at ldsliving.com/allin.
This podcast series features past FairMormon Conference presentations. This presentation is from our 2019 conference. If you would like to watch the presentations from our 2019 conference, you can still purchase the video streaming. Scott Hales, The Exodus and Beyond: A Preview of Saints, Volume 2: No Unhallowed Hand You may also be interested in FairMormon […] The post FairMormon Conference Podcast #51 – Scott Hales, “The Exodus and Beyond: A Preview of Saints, Volume 2: No Unhallowed Hand” appeared first on FairMormon.
Ben Godfrey, Sarah Eyring and Scott Hales, the Senior Story Editor for the Saints Project, talk about their favorite parts of Saints Volume 1. What did we learn? Who are the favorite people we met along the way?
Scott Hales, head coach of Team Wellington, joins the pod as the ISPS Handa Prem gets underway. We chat about whats ahead for the season, getting a win under the belt first up, and what José moving to Auckland will mean for the league as a whole. Part two of two.
Scott Hales, head coach of Team Wellington, joins the pod as the ISPS Handa Prem gets underway. We chat about whats ahead for the season, getting a win under the belt first up, and what José moving to Auckland will mean for the league as a whole. Part two of two.
Emma and Joseph lose their first child. 116 pages of the Book of Mormon are lost. In this episode, “Saints" writers Scott Hales and Angela Hallstrom share the background on these sorrowful events.
The 2019 Association for Mormon Letters conference was excellent. Our hosts use some of the panels as a means to discuss Mormon literature in general, focusing on the work of Carol Lynn Pearson, and on the new church history book, Saints. Authors mentioned: Brandon Sanderson, Orson Scott Card, and DJ Butler. Favorite books by them: Mistborn: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistborn Ender’s Game: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ender%27s_Game Witchy Eye: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30753675-witchy-eye Carol Lynn Pearson: books mentioned: Beginnings, the Ghost of Eternal Polygamy, and Goodbye, I love you. The poem, A Motherless House: http://www.amotherhere.com/coll/pearson1.php The Ghost of Eternal Polygamy will be discussed on a future episode: https://www.amazon.com/Ghost-Eternal-Polygamy-Haunting-Hearts/dp/0997458208 The Saint’s panel was comprised of authors Scott Hales, James Goldberg, Melissa Leilani Larson, and Angela Hallstrom. Some of their work: The Garden of Enid: http://thegardenofenid.tumblr.com/ The Five Books of Jesus: https://www.amazon.com/Five-Books-Jesus-James-Goldberg/dp/1479271306 Jane and Emma: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8581198 Bound on Earth: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2793921-bound-on-earth
Ben Godfrey, Sarah Eyring and Scott Hales, the Senior Story Editor for the Saints Project, talk about their favorite parts of Saints Volume 1. What did we learn? Who are the favorite people we met along the way?
This podcast series features past FairMormon Conference presentations. This is a special episode that contains the first of two presentations given at our conference earlier this month about the new series being published by the Church, Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, the first volume of which will […] The post FairMormon Conference Podcast #13 – Special Episode on Saints #1 of 2 – Scott Hales, “Women’s Stories in Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days” appeared first on FairMormon.
Emma and Joseph lose their first child. 116 pages of the Book of Mormon are lost. In this episode, “Saints" writers Scott Hales and Angela Hallstrom share the background on these sorrowful events.
In December 2013, Scott Hales bought himself an iPad and a digital drawing software program. He was in the final stages of finishing his PhD dissertation and was ready to try his hand at a lighter medium. Dusting off his dormant art-major-dropout skills, he started drawing comic strips about a self-proclaimed weird Mormon girl. Enid is fifteen and on a journey of self-discovery. She explores the area between doubt and belief while grappling with doctrine and church history she seeks to understand. Her struggles are compounded by living in a non-traditional family. She finds herself in a parenting role during her teenage years when she most needs a nurturing support system. Her home life is anything but the ideal she hears about at church. The comic started out as an experiment, but Scott soon realized he had discovered an effective tool for examining more closely the potholes in the road. It is Enid's quirkiness that creates a safe space for readers. If Enid's thoughts uncomfortably mirror the readers’ at times, the laughter can easily be attributed to her oddness. And so Hales deftly leads an expedition through the idiosyncrasies and the beauties of Mormon culture. It's tempting to label Hales's work as satire, but the potential sting of his message is short-lived and meant to work as an antiseptic. By encouraging readers to laugh at Mormon peculiarities, Hales hopes to create an environment where thorny topics can be talked about in an open, honest, and faithful manner. Particularly helpful is the launch pad he constructs for discussion of painful issues. He embraces faith crises, uncomfortable history, Mormon social mores, the nature of faith, as well as what he has called "disputed space." Sharing these vignettes with family and friends may invite discussions that otherwise could go unexplored, unexamined, and unresolved. The Garden of Enid shows Hales's bravery to own the good, the bad, and the sublime in the Mormon story. Its success will hopefully encourage others to similarly create works that constructively help Mormons balance their relationship between God, community, and church.
In December 2013, Scott Hales bought himself an iPad and a digital drawing software program. He was in the final stages of finishing his PhD dissertation and was ready to try his hand at a lighter medium. Dusting off his dormant art-major-dropout skills, he started drawing comic strips about a self-proclaimed weird Mormon girl. Enid is fifteen and on a journey of self-discovery. She explores the area between doubt and belief while grappling with doctrine and church history she seeks to understand. Her struggles are compounded by living in a non-traditional family. She finds herself in a parenting role during her teenage years when she most needs a nurturing support system. Her home life is anything but the ideal she hears about at church. The comic started out as an experiment, but Scott soon realized he had discovered an effective tool for examining more closely the potholes in the road. It is Enid's quirkiness that creates a safe space for readers. If Enid's thoughts uncomfortably mirror the readers’ at times, the laughter can easily be attributed to her oddness. And so Hales deftly leads an expedition through the idiosyncrasies and the beauties of Mormon culture. It's tempting to label Hales's work as satire, but the potential sting of his message is short-lived and meant to work as an antiseptic. By encouraging readers to laugh at Mormon peculiarities, Hales hopes to create an environment where thorny topics can be talked about in an open, honest, and faithful manner. Particularly helpful is the launch pad he constructs for discussion of painful issues. He embraces faith crises, uncomfortable history, Mormon social mores, the nature of faith, as well as what he has called "disputed space." Sharing these vignettes with family and friends may invite discussions that otherwise could go unexplored, unexamined, and unresolved. The Garden of Enid shows Hales's bravery to own the good, the bad, and the sublime in the Mormon story. Its success will hopefully encourage others to similarly create works that constructively help Mormons balance their relationship between God, community, and church. Extra Resources: The Garden of Enid: Adventures of a Weird Mormon Girl, Part Two The Garden of Enid: Adventures of a Weird Mormon Girl, Part One
In this episode, Mormon Artist host Katherine Morris interviews web cartoonist and Mormon literary critic Scott Hales about his webcomic, The Garden of Enid: Adventures of a Weird Mormon Girl. Note: The audio is slightly choppy in places. Our apologies. We're working on fixing it for the next episode.