Let's Learn Everything!

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How old did Aristotle think the Earth was? What makes a dinosaur a dinosaur? And how did our guest get into paleontology? Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: getting started in paleontology, shooting lasers at fossils, artistotle thought the earth was infinitely old, getting the 6,000 number from bible family tree math, it's infinitely old because because, melting rocks is science, Lord Kevlin's real name was William Thompson??? every big name in science wanted to answer this question, Darwin was embaressed and deleted his tweet about the age of the Earth, “there's so much we don't know, it's hilarious”, the rock cycle, Patteron fought for lead safety, thousands millions and billions, it took 4 billion years for a species to know the age of the Earth, what is a dinosaur? “cladistics is confusing as hell”, we were naming dinosaursas as we were discovering them, rebranding dinosaurs, aquatic and flying reptiles aren't dinosaurs, Taphonomy, who hasn't fused their vertebra during a mating ritual, coprolite, this poop is going to inspire the shit out of someone, being okay with not using absolutes on tiktok, the new jurassic parks are trash. Sources: --- Aristotle's Age of the Earth Kevlin's Age of the Earth Clair Patterson And The Age Of The Earth How to Calculate the Age of the Earth --- Evelyn's TikTok Recommendations Ariel Myria Perez Holly simon

What happens when you gives bugs drugs? How many digits of pi do we actually need? And what is the drama behind the blackest black? Images we talk about: - Spider Webs on Various Drugs - Graph of Pi Approximations Across History - The Redemption of Vanity, MIT's Blackest Black Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: how do you give a bee cocaine? cocaine is a natural insecticide, the waggle dance, actually im not going to dance it's embaressing, “I want to be a bee so badly”, bees get withdrawl, some caterpillars are insensitive to cocaine, weaponizing caterpillars, giving spiders drugs because you're lazy, charlotte's web blood spider drug tests, caffeine isn't really that bad for us, “morals will not stop humans from doing stupid things”, maybe giving elephants 3,000x LSD is bad science, cheap date flies, some animals want to get high, my favorite drug is math, what is pi? ancient pi estimates, 62.8 trillion digits of pi, how many digits of pi do nasa use? we could work at nasa as a package deal, by the 1400s we had enough pi to get us to space, and by the 1600s enough for the universe, selfish of pi to have so many numbers, why do we keep counting, tom gets an existential crisis, we all get an existential crisis, the bean, vantablack, how can you have a color?, the pinkest pink, paying someone to flip them off, the new blackest black, 99.995% light absorption, the power of productive spite, um thaaanks. Sources: --- Bees on Cocaine Caterpillar Cocaine Weaponizing Caterpillars The Spider Web Drug Study Giving an Elephant Too Much LSD --- How Much PI Nasa Uses Approximations of Pi over Time How Much PI Nasa Uses Record Number of Pi Digits NPR on Record Pi Count --- Vantablack's Copyright Controversy The Pinkest Pink Anish Kapoor's Middle Finger The NEW Blackest Black from MIT

If all these conspiracy theories were real, what are the statistical odds they'd be kept secret? Why did Pluto get demoted from planethood? And can animals make art? Images we talk about: - Pierre's Brassau's Art - Erased Dekooning Drawing - Sean Thomas' “Case Study” - Monkey Selfie Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: planes fly over Ella's house? coincidence??, the conspiracy leak formula, gish gallop, the Tom & Caroline Show conspiracy, moon landing photos, the real conspiracy of climate change is with Exxon and Shell, pluto didn't change - the definition of a planet changed, pluto is half the width of the US, what is a planet???, planets need a cleared orbit, the IAU assembly, it's neptune's fault! Ella quietly having an existential crisis, Mike Brown - the man who killed Pluto, why aren't we talking about Eris?, what if we had 12 planets?, Ceres was also demoted like Pluto 200 years ago, the 8 planets are what aliens would want to visit, the kuiper belt isn't packed with objects like you might imagine, Mike Brown's humbleness of giving up Eris' planethood, dwarf planet pokerap, what is animal art? what is art? Ella and Caroline write this topic apparently, Pierre Brassau, Erased DeKooning Drawing, enrichment, Naruto vs. Slater vs. Wikipedia, Lynda Barry and Howard Ikemoto on children's art, everything is art! Sources: --- On the Viability of conspiratorial beliefs Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures The PRISM Conspiracy The Tuskegee Syphilis Study The FBI Foresnic Scandal Study on Disbelief of Moon Landing Photos Climate Change Shell and Exxon Climate Change Conspiracy HBomberGuy's Vaccine Video --- Library of Congress: Why is Pluto No Longer a Planet? BBC: Why is Pluto No Longer a Planet? Washington Post: Ever wondered why Pluto is no longer a planet?- NASA: Pluto Overview IAU 2006 General Assembly Mike Brown, Pluto Killer Metzger's Thoughts on Pluto and what makes a Planet --- Pierre Brassau's Art Jackson Pollock Erased de Kooning Drawing Animal Enrichment Do Elephants Enjoy Painting? Ars Technica on the Monkey Selfie NYT On Monkey Selfie US Copyright Office Compendium of Practices Lynda Barry's Making Comics

What is the nuanced science behind homosexuality in animals and humans? Is there a single gay gene? No. No absolutely not. But how many songs could you fit into a gram of DNA, and why would you want to? And what are some of the most niche sports and why are they still so great? Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Tom is an ally, 1500 observed gay animals from shrimps to apes, the adelie penguin story hidden for 100 years, dynamic region translation, dolphins are messed up, it'd be weird NOT to talk about gay animals, how is gay behavior evolutionarily beneficial? nuanced questions and bad actors, the myth of the gay gene, genes are complicated and so is being gay, the rage inducing paper that inspired this topic, Caroline's brain is loading big numbers, what would you put write into dna?, making 70 billion copies of your own book, what's a floppy drive?, the first iPod, the cost of DNA storage, the double but, different types of memory, storing data for longer than ipods will be remembered, we're not allowed to take the piss out of these sports, roller derby, is throwing a goat any weirder than a sheep's bladder or pig skin?, reaching your peak in your 40s, the sport popes have played, tickles that jiggly knowledge thing in my skull. Sources: --- Homosexual Behaviour in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective An Alternative Hypothesis For the Evolution of Same-Sex Sexual Behaviour in Animals A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation The Gay Gene? The Proof Against the Gay Gene Genetics of Sexual Behavior The Bad Article that Inspired this Topic Pink News Analysis of The Bad Article that Inspired this Topic --- DNA Data Review The First DNA Data, Microvenus The First Book in DNA Additional Review of DNA Data 200MB of DNA Storage with OK GO The OK GO Music Video Stored in DNA NYTimes on the First iPod Testing the Stability of DNA Data DNA Data Storage for 2 Million Years The Time it Takes to Write DNA Data Computerphile Explaining Reed-Solomon Compression --- Home Game on Netflix Roller Derby Roller Derby Rules Buzkashi More Buzkashi Calcio Fiorentino/Storico Calcio Fiorentino Nat Geo Interview

You've probably heard of Carbon Dating, but how are Astronomy, Biology, and Nuclear Physics involved? What are the problems with having babies in space, and how many animals have had babies in space? (surprisingly more than you'd think!) And what is the history of nail polish, and more importantly, our relationship with painting nails? Videos we talk about: - Mice in Space Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: counting the rings in a carbon atom, Dendrochronology, Space & Life & Radioactivity, unstable tennis balls, a surprise callback to last episode, shoutout to baltimore! oh shit we can carbon date anything!! Ella is good at guessing, a rewrite of history??? OES, the real carbon dating was friendship, definitely points, what do you name a space baby? the ISS is not a safe form of contraception, sea urchin space sex, freeze dried mouse sperm resembling instant coffee, space sushi, space babies look cuter, jellyfish that don't know the right way up, but snails do! how humans might evolve in space, Disney's Moon Mouse Colony, what the moon teaches about Earth, Polish vs Varnish, our favorite color, fashion always goes in cycles, mummified pharaohs with nail polish, Van Gogh wasn't color blind, he just had cheap paints, Mary Cobb was a girl boss if you will, car paint gave us nail polish, wear nail polish if you want to! Sources: --- History of Radiocarbon Dating Radiocarbon Revolution Janet Ambers on Chronological Methods Dendrochronology Fritz Schweingruber on Dendrochronology Cosmic Rays and Carbon Dating Libby's Nobel Address Libby Carbon Dates Everything Carbon Dating going 75,00 years Back Overly Dramatic Carbon Dating Error Article OES (Ostritrch Egg Shell) Carbon Dating gets Updated IntCal20 Calibration Curve Emilie Jager on Geochronology --- Fertilization in Microgravity Sea Urchin Space Sperm Freeze Dried Mouse Sperm Sperm Count in Space Rats Mouse Space Baby Development Jellyfish in Space Snails in Space Dizzy Space Rats Space and Bone Density Space Adaptations Russian Space Cockroach Mice Adapting to Microgravity --- The History of Nail Polish Cleopatra and Nailpolish Nail Polish History How Stuff Works Nail Polish Hagley History of Nailpolish History of Cosmetics Nail Polish Trends

What exactly are cosmic rays and how do they affect us? Why do humans have so many different eye colors? And why does everyone hate the triangle so much? Images we talk about: - The Sistrum - The Angel Battle of the Bands - The Triangle in the Painting Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: pions and tiny particles with delightful names, see the rave of space, OMG particle or the What What What particle, galactic cosmic rays, anomalous cosmic rays, shower of particles, lighting a lightbulb in space, highschool physics, auroral lights, lightning scientists, speedrunning glitches, DOTA_Teabag's single event upset, airplane failure, voter fraud, red eyes, albinism, squirrels with big ol' baby blues, America vs the rest of the world, purple eyes, epithelium, collagen, melanin, the tingle effect, ella's piercing blue eyes, Tom's calming brown eyes, turn your eyes blue by drinking ocean water, climate, eye colour is a new adaptation, get that paternity test guys, everyone hates the triangle, triangle historian debate, angel music battle, Garden of Earthly Delights Where's Waldo? the triangle belongs in hell, mmm this triangle sure sounds good, the sneaky triangle concerto, you can fill violin with 1,000 baked beans! Braham's triangle drop, creole and brazilian folk triangle music I'm not like other girls I like the triangle, find the triangles in the world. Sources: --- Cern on Cosmic Rays Make your own Cosmic Ray Detector The OMG Particle Clive Saunders' Cosmic Ray Lightning Theory DOTA_Teabag's Super Mario Speed Run Flight Report for Cosmic Ray Incident Cosmic Ray Election Error --- American Association of Opthamology on Eye Colors Percentages of Eye Colors Why Blue eyes are Blue Evolution of Eye Color --- TV Tropes "Triangles are the Worst Instrument" James Blades' Encyclopedia Entry on the Triangle Mark Berry's "From Angels to Orchestra" pt 1 Mark Berry's "From Angels to Orchestra" pt 2 The Percussion Encyclopedia with 5 Paragraphs on the Triangle Liza Young's Bosch Instrument Analysis Liszt's "Triangle Concerto" Brahm's Symphony No.4 in E minor Bois Sec Ardoin accompanied by Triangle Avioes' song with a triangle

This week we're releasing our very first test episode of the podcast! What are neural networks? Do butterflies remember being caterpillars? And what is Love Island? Content Warning: Mentions of suicide in the Misc Topic Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: what is a dog? stem cell hotel, the giant squid axon, neural networks will be walking and talking soon, why is it called deep learning? Deep blue and Watson, love island AI, Amazon's biased hiring AI, black hole imaging, completely meat circle, Janelle Shane, Getting flagged on the street to answer if butterflies remember, caterpillar soup, classically trained caterpillars, the y tube, tickling chrysalises, the rules of love island, casa amor, beauty airplane. Sources: NYTimes AI Hype Amazon's Hiring AI Black Hole Machine Learning Algorithm Janell Shane's AI Weirdness --- Caterpillar Memory Experiment Chrysalis Memories Experiment

Follow Ella's new job's tiktok! When we say save the bees, which bees are we talking about? What happens when you repeat a word and it loses meaning? And how could you design an experiment to figure that out? And what is speed running and why do we all love it? Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: solitary bees dance in their spare time, 25000 species of bees, send your enemies bees in the post, Bombus terrestris, human centric beekeeping, the billion pound honey market, honey bees are important, but also bad sometimes, local bee jobs stolen by foreign invaders, bee to bee pathogens, save ALL the bees, hanging out in the park and repeating words words words, good experimental design, the meaning test tube, tuning out meaning, Zeus, pitfalls of psychology, introspection, “familiar feels”, neutral words, clever Hans, the observer expectancy effect, dream of good experiments goodnight, don't use flash when taking a picture of your screen, Dragster, Atari, Doom, pacifist runs, Quake done quick, games done quick, lowest percent, link stares at a rupee for 17 hours, bullet time bounce Sources: Caroline's Paper on the Western Honeybee --- Sheila Black's Semantic Satiation Review Titchener's Early Description of Meaning Loss Semantic Satiation for Poetic Effect Jakobovits Naming Semantic Satiation Bassett and Warne Introspective Study Lambert and Jakobovits Semantic Polarity Experiment Clever Hans Schultz Constructively Criticizing Semantic Satiation Smith Category Verification Experiment Neural Analysis of Semantic Satiation --- A Brief History of Speedrunning A Quick History of Speedrunning Activisions Magazine Volume 1 Marimoto Super Mario Bros 3 Speedrun Zikubi! Super Mario Bros 3 Speedrun The Speedrun Where Link Stares at Rupees for 17 Hours What is the hardest trick in Speedrunning? Psychonauts Devs React to Speedrunner Tom's Favorite TAS Speedrun

What is the Turing Test, what has it become, and what can we learn from it? How many of Ella's weird bodily quirks do you have? And how did the pub quiz come about? For the next month only, use code "Everything" to save 60% off your first month of MEL Science! https://melscience.com/sBGM/ Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: the imitation game, performative gender, the alignment problem, It's not blade runner, artifical stupidity, have you heard about eugene goostman?! the alignment problem, CAPTTTTCAHA, archival OCR, thank Turing for Duo Lingo TikToks, Timnit Gebru, Robert Miles, the sociological and economic alignment problem, Ella Syndrome, learn to roll your tongue or else! Artistotle can't roll his tongue, ACHOO, acronyms were a mistake, spare tendons, what is your earwax texture? the one person who liked Han dynasty tests, unlucky 13, TV quizes, what if we did that? Jay's virtual pub quiz. Jay's virtual pub quiz. Sources: Stanford Philosophy Turing Test Page Computing Machinery and Intelligence Turing Test 50 Year Retrospective Robert Miles Eugene Goostman CAPTCHA Paper reCAPTCHA Interview Google's reCAPTCHA Policy Github Copilot's Alignment Problem Paper --- Photic Sneezing Tongue Rolling Palarmis Longus Armpit Smell Cilanto Taste 23 and Me Cilantro --- A History of Quizzing History of the Quiz BBC Quizzing Pub Quiz History Quizzism Book International Spelling Bee Jay's Virtual Pub Quiz

Could you domesticate a fox, and what even IS domestication? What is the oldest potted plant, and, wait, what does Caroline mean by that question? And how did Tom go from hating crosswords to loving them? The photo we mention of Mecta the Fox Pup Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: the first domesticated animals, one of Darwin's sequels, floppy ears, domestication syndrome, the fox bachelor, the neural crest cell hypothesis, our version of Behind the Bastards, cited comment critiques, we all just want to learn, I've never seen a plant in the middle ages, we completely misinterpret the question, ella's old man wisdom, a plant older than america, the anxious keepers of the oldest potted plant, crosswords were a fad, we were always insufferable, relearnig ocular immunity, crossword fuckery, “thirsty” well shortz, what is and isn't general knowledge? and bad jokes with friends. Sources: A New Origin Story for Dogs Dog Domestication and the Dual Dispersal of People and Dogs into the Americas Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs The Silver Fox Domestication Experiment Early Canid Domestication: interplay between behavioral genetics and development Red Fox Genomic Regions Associated with Tame Behaviours The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics The History of Farm Foxes Undermines the Animal Domestication Syndrome --- The History Of Houseplants Penjing Kew Gardens South African Encephalartos Species Cycad Palm, Ursula Bucham --- New York Times History of the Crossword Margaret Farrar Yes, You Can Write More Than One Letter in a Square NYTimes Scumbag Controversy The Hidden Bigotry of Crosswords How Will Shortz Edits a New York Times Crossword Puzzle (Lorelai) DownForAcross

What happened to the golden toad? How many things did we leave on the moon, and what are they? And what is the oldest recorded bar joke? Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: The World Wildlife Fund/World Wresting Federation, Agatha Christie's Mystery of the Golden Toad, publication smackdowns, the amphibian apocalypse, outside my jurisdiction, double callback, the african clawed frog (from ep 5!), on this podcast we stan… Michael Collins, moon poop, moon scalpels, 4 undetonated grenades, moonquakes, no on vomitted on the moon, rating moon items, sneaking things on the moon, dogs in sumerian bars only want to open one thing and it's disgusting, how many likes did that tablet have? reading sumerian proverbs, the dog understands take it, but it does not understand put it down. Sources: The Golden Toad Thirty Years After the Last Golden Toad Sighting, What Have We Learned? El Niño–Southern Oscillation Crump, Apparent decline of the golden toad: underground or extinct? Pounds and Fogden, Conservation of the golden toad: a brief history Global Warming Didn't Kill the Golden Toad First Mammal Killed by Global Warming The Chytrid Fungus Stopping the Next Amphibian Apocalypse Hope for the Golden Toad --- List of Lunar Missions WSJ Article of Things we've left on the Moon Nasa Catalogue of Manmade Material on the Moon Lunar Retroreflectors Moonquakes Grenades on the Moon Correction on Moon Vomit Biomedical Results of Apollo Studying Moon Poop Family Photo on the Moon The Moon Museum PBS Moon Museum Investigation Audio Recording of Almost Forgetting to Drop Symbolic Items --- Images of the Tablets Sumerian Animal Proverbs and Fables: Collection Five AskHistorians Thread Proverbs from Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

What do heat and temperature have to do with biology? (It turns out, a lot!) We know what periods are, but why do humans have them? And stickers are delightful but how did they come about? Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! We also learn about: what is heat? endotherms ectotherms homeotherms heterotherms and poikilotherms, being warm blooded evolved twice, heat generating plants, naked mole rats are weird, the podcast's stable of strange animals grows, kleptothermy, everyone huddles, which animals have periods? mansplaining periods, elphant shrews, convergent evolution of periods, spontaneous decidualization, "pregnancy is parasitic", women's reproductive research is underfunded, georgian beauty standards, stamp based tangents, bumper stickers, and our favorite stickers. Sources: Richard Feynman's "Six Easy Pieces" Book Endotherms and Ectotherms Thermoregulation Oryx Heterothermy Quelea High Body Temperature McKechnie's Blog Post on the paper The evolution of Endothermy Beehive Temperature Regulation Thermogenesis in Plants Color Changing Thermal Biology Sloth Poikilothermy More Sloth Poikilothermy Poikilothermy and Huddling in Naked Mole Rats Kleptothermy Forbes: Why did women evolve periods? Decidualization The evolution of menstruation: A new model for genetic assimilation The significance and evolution of menstruation

Special guest Steve Rathje (@StevePsychology) asks us, do insects have consciousness? What, empirically, makes things go viral on social media? And what are the scientific effects of live theatre? We also learn about: Outgroup effects on social media, subjective experience and qualia, except for mosquitos, we share genes with bananas are they conscious? the emotional dog and the rational tail, over-anti-anthropomorphism, tiktok survey of insect consciousness, would aliens think we are conscious? Steve's at the party talking about qualia again! Sondheim, Sarah Ruhl's magical realism absurdist plays, Steve's study on the effect of live theater on empathy, solving Sondheim vs Weber scientifically, antiperfectionism, the weirdness of going viral, different types of online engagement, buy our supplements! Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Steve's Social Media Paper: Out-Group Animosity Drives Engagement on Social Media What Insects can tell us about the Origins of Consciousness Steve's Theatre Paper: Attending Live Theatre Improves Empathy, Changes Attitudes, and Leads to Pro-Social Behavior

What can a video game teach us about pandemics? What are the different things a sneeze can smell like? And what makes game jams so magical? Hakkar the Soulflayer, npc asymptomatic carriers, just reset the world and change the code!, a disease model with real people, death isn't temporary, show us the patch notes, self protection fatigue, pandemics are complicated, “look for the helpers, you will always find people who are helping”, only humans can simulate humans, “I sneeze so much”, what scents can sneezes have? smells are weird, phantosmia, Ella channeling Tom's bad jokes, “all the tubes are connected”, piss breath, “how are we functioning?”, Tom made indie games, the first game jam email, 100,000 Guys, the Ludum Dare, “There's too many days” “Counter Clockwise”, Hungry Knight!, Tom's first dream game, thesis jam, Pierrec's french review of Tom's game. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Lancet Corrupted Blood Paper Epidemiology Corrupted Blood Paper Wired Corrupted Blood Article PCGamer Corrupted Blood Article Chen 2013 Epidemic Game Charlotte Eye, Ear, Note and Throat Associates on Smelly Sneezes Why does my sneeze smell bad? Acetone Breath Bacterid Producing Sweet Smells Losing Your Smell Phantosmia Ammonia Breath Correlation of Ammonia Breath during Hemodialysis History of Game Jams The First Game Jam Email Pierrec's Revied of Tom's First Game

What are the benefits of reintroducing a species after 400 years? Why do we make rats solve mazes, and can slime molds solve mazes? What is ASMR, and how did it become such a thing? We also learn about: Beavery introductions, vanilla flavor usually isn't castorium, beavers support everyone in the wetlands, Tom's gonna make a joke, The Scottish Beaver Trial, impatient beavers, international legal beaver issues, failed reintroductions are beautiful, auto sound mmm rad, autonomus sensory meridian response, her royal majesty's asmr, and Ella's favorite ASMR videos. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Beavers and Castoreum RSPB on Beaver Reintroductions Scottish Wildlife Trust Report on Beavers in Knapdale Scottish Wild Land Group on the Tay Beavers Legal Battle over Beavers Oranguta Reintroductions Short-haired Bumblebee Reintroductions Berger-Tal on Openness about Failed Reintroductions Conservation Translocations: a Review of Common Difficulties and Promising Directions Willard Small's First Rat Maze Study Slime Mold Maze Study Maze Solving Using Fatty Acid Chemistry Tolman's Better Mazes Dashiell Maze Criticism Morris Water Maze Advanced Morris Water Maze Study Wire Interview with Mycologist Anne Pringle Crinkle Crinkle Little Shirt History of ASMR The First Dedicated Whispering Channel BBC Interview with Whispers Red Cardi B ASMR ASMR to Help you Sleep Beating you Until your Unconscious 1300s AD ASMR - Nun Takes Care of You in Bed (You Have the Plague)

To start the new year we learn about the science and history of recording sound, consider whether people with Prosopagnosia experience Pareidolia, and relive what it was like for Caroline to meet the one and only Sir David Attenborough. We also learn about: The Phonoautograph, unplayable recordings, “drop the auto, just, Phonograph”, did you write that joke down tom, debunking Edison's first recording, someone pretending to be a pigeon, Before or After Recorded Audio? Why did it take us so long to record audio? analog vs digital, Janet's episode, turning pictures into audio, can you believe Janet's new pennyfarthing? Do people with Farragolia experience glossolalia, cars do have faces, “you just turned into somebdy else”, the answer is ¯_(ツ)_/¯, aphantasia, throwaway sentences in studies, get high and get deep, and the Caroline Roper Studio for TikToks of Science. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: The Phonoautograph Debunking Edison's Fist Recording The Recoording That Never Wanted to be Heard Early Sound Recordings Alexander Graham Bell's Ear Phonoautograph The Dawn of Digital Recording The Earliest Recording Prosopagnosia Fusiforum Face Area The Case of Ron Blackwell The Neurons That Mistook a Hat for a Face Prosopagnosia and Functional Fusiform Face Area Fusiform Face Area And Pareidolia Linked Pareidolia Question on r/Prosopagnosia How Mental Imagery and Pareidolia are Linked

Today we learn about the most interesting topic of all: each other! How did we get into our science fields, and how did we meet? What's our favorite science fact to tell at parties? What advice do we have for aspiring creators? We also learn about: our science origin stories, Tom used to be a theatre kid, Tom's first podcast, our first TikToks, we're on a first name basis with Hank, how we met, that time we all freaky friday'd, Ella DESPISED Tom, really long fly sperm, clinical fun fact trials, the immortal jellyfish, hermissenda, moths, Interstellar, The Martian, Demon Slayer, Edge of Tomorrow, advice on getting started on TikTok, Bill Nye could never, The Mower, MMM Honey! and nightmares. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Videos we Mention: Caroline's First Science TikTok Tom's First TikTok Ella's First Big TikTok Caroline's Bloodwood Tree Video Ella's Science Speedrun Video Tom's RGB Video Hank & John's Video about Having Each Other

On a surprisingly deep holiday episode, we ask, what is a genetic chimera, could it save lives, and is it moral? What are Judas Goats, and what are the challenges faced in conservation? And most importantly, what were the first toys in history and what were our favorite toys? Give us feedback about the show at LetsLearnEverythingPod.com We also learn about: Why are mythological chimeras all ladies? a Tom/Joe chimera, “It was very dissapointing”, “I expect better evidence”, a Judas Kiss, goats are weird, helicopter tattoos, ring-necked parakeets, relocating hedgehogs, would you download a goat? Helping other human beings, what a concept! Tom's yo-yo tricks, children existed! the earliest toys, Ella's duel disk, tamagotchis, and the future of toys. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Chimeras in Mythology Human Chimeras That Already Exist Interspecies Organogenesis Generates Autologous Functional Islet Interspecies Chimerism with Mammalian Pluripotent Stem Cells Human–animal chimeras: ethical issues about farming chimeric animals bearing human organs Feral Goat Eradications on Galapagos Galapagos Goat Eradication Galapagos Project Isabella Galapagos Judas Goats Vegetation and Animal Recovery on Galapagos Galapagos Invasive Species Is it Ritual? or is it Children? Split Twig Observations and Carbon Dating Ancient Hedgehog Cart (via @trashbandikoot on tiktok)Business Insider Toy List

When was the first pregnancy test? If we know the biggest and smallest sizes in the universe, what is the middlest size? What's the deal with fanfiction? Give us feedback about the show at LetsLearnEverythingPod.com We also learn about: Comedy!, piss prophets, we should know better that science is weird, “Looks like the frog's ovulating!”, we are in the middle of history, what even is an object, the centi-sand, don't fudge significant figures, Dante's Self Insert RPF, we get carried away playing the fanfiction pairing game. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Pee is for pregnant: The history and science of urine-based pregnancy tests Ancient Egyptian Pregnancy Tests Effects of Hormones on Barley Leaves Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) The Long Gestation of the Modern Home Pregnancy Test Kevin Kelly NYTimes Review Solar System Ratio Calculation Middlest Size Calculation Fanfiction.net AO3

What are the uses of randomness, and how do we even get it? What happens to your body when you don't sleep? And is Stardew Valley secretly... a horror game? We also learn about: Ella making random noises, chiptune drums, dice fanfiction, the infinite monkey grant, gggggggggggggg, everyone guesses 7 and picks Rock, a very funny joke for our particle physicist listeners, a million random digits, minecraft seeds, the Russian sleep experiment creepypasta, sleep themed band names, the optimal nap, do the dip kids! Maureen the rocking chair champion, um actually it's called Apophenia, tetris fanfiction, and ludo narrative disonance. Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Links we Discuss: Infinite Monkey Theorem Results The Hollow Mask Illusion Sources: Humans Cannot Consciously Generate Random Number Sequences The Predominance Of Seven And The Apparent Spontaneity Of Numerical Choices Hannah Fry on Rock Paper Scissors Winning at Rock Paper Scissors Rock Paper Scissors Strategy Hot Hand Fallacy and Gambler's Fallacy How the Mind Works Galton Discussing Dice for Statistical Experiments LHC Tippet and the Random Number Table A Million Random Digits Radiation is Random Modern Nuclear Chemistry Sleep Deprivation Sleep Stages Sleep Debt Obesity and Sleep Deprivation Part 2 Cardiovascular Health and Sleep Deprivation Microsleep Hallucinations Rat Sleep Deprivation Study Fatal Familial Insomnia Fatal Familial Insomnia Stories

Get Awesome Socks and support the podcast at LetsLearnEverythingPod.com/socks Read Tom's essay on Tor.com! Get tickets to Ella's science comedy show! How do mind controlling (or rather, behavior controlling) parasites work? Are elephants right or left handed? And what is so great about Naruto Bohemian Rhapsody AMVs? We also learn about: being cancelled by ants, Ella tries to pronounce latin names, bugs losing their butts, the parasite of the day, thanks for the parasites Charlie! Phylogenetic Inirtia, I DON'T OWN QUEEN OR NARUTO I DONT OWN ANYTHING, and Torchwood X Florence & The Machine fanvids! Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Mind Control: How Parasites Manipulate Cognitive Functions in Their Insect Hosts Ophiocordyceps unilateralis How a parasitic fungus turns ants into zombies A specialized fungal parasite This Parasite Drugs Its Hosts With the Psychedelic Chemical in Shrooms Parasites brainwash grasshoppers into death dive How does rabies cause aggression? Rabies virus modifies host behaviour through a snake-toxin Parasite makes mice lose fear of cats permanently Brain parasite may strip away rodents' fear of predators, not just of cats Parasites - Toxoplasmosis Right or Left: Elephant calves pick their trunk handedness early on in life

On this SpoOoOoky Halloween episode we learn about a slew of truly spooky frogs, investigate which animal has the most bones, and see how capitalism may have led to the rise of witch hunts! We also learn about: fluorescence, dinosaur eating frogs (technically), CAN A SPIDER EAT A DINOSAUR??? (NOT CLICKBAIT), frog shazam, Ella learns to love the Freddy Krueger Frog, wishing you a happy bones day, evo-devo, deregionalization, how would antlers wear pants?, the origin of gossip, down with capitalism! Support us on Patreon! Join our Discord! Sources: Horror frog breaks own bones to produce claws Frogs with Claws, Frogs with Hair Vampire Flying Frog New pumpkin toadlet species found How the Newly Discovered, Mud-Loving ‘Zombie' Frog Got Its Name The Freddy Krueger Frog Freddy Krueger Frog Audio Freddy Krueger Frog Video Devil Frog Vampire Squid Skeletal Structure, University of Idaho Skeleton, Postcranial, Rommel & Reynolds New Bedford Whaling Museum Axial patterning in snakes and caecilians, Woltering et al. Florida Museum From Lizard to Snake; Behind the Evolution of an Extreme Body Plan, Woltering Witches, Witch-Hunting and Women, Sylvia Federici

What does a time illusion look like? Why are bees electrically charged? Who is the real Shakespeare? We also cover: Yanney and Laurel, bad science magic tricks, Carly Rae Jepsen's seminal hit Call Me Maybe, Temporal Odor Mixtures, how many bees are in a bolt of lightning, The Flower Dome, fake flowers and fake bees, the flat moon theory, and the Voldemort Codex. Join our Discord! Sources: Dixon, N. F., & Spitz, L. (1980). The detection of auditory visual desynchrony. Perception, 9(6), 719–721. https://doi.org/10.1068/p090719 Stratton, G. M. (1896). Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review, 3(6), 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0072918 Stratton, G. M. (1896). Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review, 3(6), 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0072918 Cunningham, D., Billock, V., & Tsou, B. (2001). Sensorimotor Adaptation to Violations of Temporal Contiguity. Psychological Science, 12, 532 - 535. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.d01-17 Alais, D., Carlile, S., (2005). Synchronizing to real events: Subjective audiovisual alignment scales with perceived auditory depth and speed of sound. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(6), 2244-2247. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407034102 Stetson, C., Cui, X., Montague P.R., Eagleman, D.M., (2006). Motor-Sensory Recalibration Leads to an Illusory Reversal of Action and Sensation. Neuron, 51(5), 651-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.006. Perl O, Nahum N, Belelovsky K, Haddad R. The contribution of temporal coding to odor coding and odor perception in humans. Elife. 2020;9:e49734. Published 2020 Feb 7. https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.49734 Montgomery, C., Vuts, J., Woodcock, C.M. et al. Bumblebee electric charge stimulates floral volatile emissions in Petunia integrifolia but not in Antirrhinum majus. Sci Nat 108, 44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01740-2

Science communicators Ella Hubber, Tom Lum, and Caroline Roper share anything and everything interesting! Each episode they teach each other about a science topic, answer a question, and learn about a miscellaneous topic. Whether it's bugs on drugs, temporal illusions, or reality tv, there's so much out there, so let's learn everything! Join our Discord, message us, and follow us everywhere at https://www.LetsLearnEverythingPod.com/