The Explanation

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether Israel's attacks on Iran could lead to regime change, assesses the effectiveness of the G7 in dealing with international crises, and examines what the consequences might be of a global drop in human fertility.

Coverage of the Israel-Iran conflict has been shaped by restricted access and challenges for international journalists. With few media outlets able to base reporters inside Iran, coverage often relies on external analysis, satellite imagery, and information that is difficult to independently verify. Shashank Joshi, Defence Editor at The Economist, and Shayna Oppenheimer, Journalist at BBC Monitoring, discuss. Netflix's new documentary “Grenfell: Uncovered” marks the eighth anniversary of the Grenfell Tower fire by highlighting corporate and regulatory failings that contributed to the tragedy. Director Olaide Sadiq explains how the team built trust with interviewees and brought to light evidence not widely known. Reddit celebrates its 20th anniversary as one of the internet's largest community-led platforms. Laura Nestler, Reddit's Global Head of Community, explains their approach to moderation and addresses concerns about AI's growing role on the platform.Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses Donald Trump's decision to deploy troops to tackle protests over immigration raids in Los Angeles, examines the impact at home of Russia's war casualties in Ukraine, and looks at shocking evidence of life in Syria's prisons under former leader, Bashar al-Assad.

The advertising industry is facing dramatic change, after Meta announced new AI tools that will let anyone make ads. Sir Martin Sorrell, Executive Chairman of S4 Capital, and Alex Dalman, Co-chair of the Advertising Association's AI Taskforce, discuss whether the industry faces an existential threat. Dan Snow is the TV historian turned media mogul, whose network History Hit celebrates its 10th anniversary this month. With a streaming service, a YouTube channel, and popular podcast, Dan reflects on how he built it and why he thinks today is boom time for history content. Following budget cuts by the Trump administration to the US Agency for Global Media, services provided by Radio Free Asia and other outlets broadcasting to countries with restricted media access have been scaled back. The Washington Post has now reported that China's state radio has moved to fill the void by launching new services and jamming frequencies previously used by Radio Free Asia. Michael Bristow, Asia-Pacific Editor at the BBC World Service, assesses the implications. Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses the impact of the election of a right-wing president in Poland on the country's government, examines the long-term effects of the ongoing civil war in Sudan, and looks at the ongoing attempts by the Chinese authorities to suppress the memory of the Tiananmen Square massacre.Producer: Kate Cornell Executive Producer: Benedick Watt Commissioning Editor: Vara Szajkowski

NPR, one of America's most prominent public broadcasters, is facing potential funding cuts following moves by President Trump. The administration alleges a lack of impartiality, prompting legal action by NPR to defend its editorial independence and mission. Katherine Maher, CEO of NPR, outlines the organisation's stance and shares her plan for survival. The Hajj in Mecca has become a huge media event but reporting from it poses significant logistical and editorial challenges. With two million pilgrims and thousands of journalists attending, media access requires strict accreditation from the Saudi authorities. Shehab Khan, Political Correspondent for ITV News, shares his experience. Apple's long-standing manufacturing presence in China has helped it achieve unmatched production scale. However, this dependence may now leave the company vulnerable amid shifting US trade policy. Patrick McGee, Financial Times reporter, discusses his new book Apple in China. Presenter: Ros Atkins Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether criticism from within Israel will force Netanyahu's government to change its approach to the war in Gaza, examines the impact Russia's latest onslaught is having on Ukrainian citizens, and looks at the conflict between security forces and armed separatists in Cameroon over the independence of the country's two English-speaking regions.

Joe Kahn, Executive Editor of the New York Times, outlines how the newsroom prioritises stories, handles editorial pressure, and navigates the challenges posed by political figures like Donald Trump. Also on the show, Simon Reeve, BBC travel presenter, and Alfie Watts, a digital travel content creator, reflect on the changing landscape of travel media. Reeve shares the motivations behind his new BBC series on Scandinavia and how he integrates current affairs into travel storytelling. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

James Landale, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses the UK's new deal with the EU, looks at the possible impacts of the lifting of US sanctions on Syria, and examines scientists' attempts to discover the origin of life itself.

Gary Lineker, a former England football captain and longtime presenter of the BBC's football highlights programme Match of the Day, has left the corporation after sharing a controversial post on social media. His exit followed years of internal debate over his political commentary online and the BBC's impartiality rules. Steve Ryder, former BBC sports presenter, reflects on Lineker's elevated status within the BBC and why many saw his departure as long overdue. Rosamund Urwin, Media Editor at The Sunday Times, and football writer Henry Winter reflect on events and the evolving expectations of presenters in the social media era. Family courts in England and Wales have historically operated in secrecy, with strict limits on what journalists can report. BBC reporter Sanchia Berg describes her investigation into the case of a newborn baby found abandoned in a London park. Her courtroom reporting eventually revealed that the baby had two siblings also abandoned in previous incidents. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producers: Lisa Jenkinson and Lucy Wai Assistant producer: Emily Channon

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, examines the Israeli government's plans for Gaza, assesses China's efforts to lessen its reliance on the United States for trade, and looks at attacks against critics of the Iranian regime on foreign soil.

Tensions between India and Pakistan have reignited an information war, not just on social media but also in mainstream outlets. Shayan Sardarizadeh from BBC Verify explains how false reports of military actions, such as attacks on Karachi or high-level casualties, have circulated with little evidence. An Australian court case involving Erin Patterson, accused of murdering three relatives and attempting to murder a fourth with a poisonous lunch, has drawn intense media attention. Nino Bucci from Guardian Australia describes the challenges of reporting responsibly as global audiences fuel interest in the story. Weather forecasts are changing in format and medium. Max Velocity, a US-based YouTube meteorologist with over a million subscribers, and ITV's Laura Tobin discuss their approach and the role of personality in engaging audiences. Presenter: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Assistant producer: Lucy Wai Producer: Lisa Jenkinson

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses Russia's current strategy in Ukraine, looks at the preparations the Polish are making for a possible Russian invasion of their country, and examines the escalating tensions between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank.Producer: Kate Cornell Executive producer: Benedick Watt Commissioning editor: Vara Szajkowski

Tina Brown, a former editor of Vanity Fair and The New Yorker, has joined Substack, a self-publishing platform for independent writers. Speaking in the week of the Truth Tellers summit, which she founded in memory of her husband Sir Harold Evans, she highlights concerns about press freedom, particularly in the face of legal and financial pressure from media owners. Chris Best, co-founder of Substack, outlines the platform's business model, which he says offers creators editorial freedom, prestige, and financial incentives. Also on the show, BBC Central Europe Correspondent Nick Thorpe reports on allegations made to the European Commission by two Hungarian media outlets. They accuse the Hungarian government of unfairly directing over €1 billion in state advertising to media sympathetic to the ruling party. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

Will the call for the PKK to disarm end in a new era of peace for the Kurds, or is this just another turn in a tortured history? In February, Abdullah Ocalan, the imprisoned leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party, known as the PKK, released a jaw-dropping written message to his followers from his jail cell, calling for the group to lay down arms and disband. In this series we explore the Kurdish issue - the persecution, the resistance and their attempts to form a state. We ask what does the future hold for one of the largest stateless ethnic groups in the world scattered across Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses the role Donald Trump played in the Liberal Party's election victory in Canada, looks at the extent of the Turkish military presence in northern Iraq, and examines whether the legacy of Pope Francis will endure under his successor.Producer: Kate Cornell Executive producer: Benedick Watt Commissioning editor: Vara Szajkowski

Piers Morgan explains why he has stepped away from traditional television to focus exclusively on YouTube. He outlines the commercial and editorial logic behind the move and his plans to expand the Uncensored brand across digital platforms, including Substack. A UK Supreme Court ruling on the legal definition of a woman has prompted a wider examination of how British media report on gender identity. Rosamund Urwin, Media Editor at The Sunday Times, Jane Fae, Chair of Trans Media Watch, Hannah Barnes, Author and Journalist at The New Statesman, and Dominic Casciani, Home and Legal Correspondent for BBC News consider the implications of legal and ethical guidance for newsrooms. Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

Will the call for the PKK to disarm end in a new era of peace for the Kurds, or is this just another turn in a tortured history? In February, Abdullah Ocalan, the imprisoned leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party, known as the PKK, released a jaw-dropping written message to his followers from his jail cell, calling for the group to lay down arms and disband. In this series we explore the Kurdish issue - the persecution, the resistance and their attempts to form a state. We ask what does the future hold for one of the largest stateless ethnic groups in the world scattered across Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.

The death of Pope Francis has drawn intense global media coverage as journalists gather in Rome. Tom Kington, Italy Correspondent for The Times, describes press access within the Vatican and reflects on the Pope's evolving relationship with journalists. The Pentagon continues its hunt for officials behind recent high-profile leaks involving sensitive military plans. David Smith, Washington DC Bureau Chief at The Guardian, joins former special adviser Peter Cardwell and journalist Isabel Oakeshott to outline the role of leaks in US and UK political journalism. The Genius Game is a South Korean reality show format launching in the UK this month. TV executive Tamara Gilder explains the strategic and psychological gameplay behind the format and its appeal in a global market for “gamified content”. Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai .

Will the call for the PKK to disarm end in a new era of peace for the Kurds, or is this just another turn in a tortured history? In February, Abdullah Ocalan, the imprisoned leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party, known as the PKK, released a jaw-dropping written message to his followers from his jail cell, calling for the group to lay down arms and disband. In this series we explore the Kurdish issue - the persecution, the resistance and their attempts to form a state. We ask what does the future hold for one of the largest stateless ethnic groups in the world scattered across Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.

A critical moment emerged in northern England as the UK government intervened to prevent the closure of a major steelworks, one of the last of its kind in the country. The intervention followed the discovery that blast furnaces were on the brink of shutdown due to the site's Chinese owners halting essential raw material orders. Ed Conway, Economics Editor at Sky News, and Jo Makel, Senior Reporter for BBC regional television, explain their approach to reporting the story. Also on the show, how a call by tech leaders to abolish intellectual property laws has reignited debate over copyright in the digital age. Dr Hayleigh Bosher, a legal expert from Brunel University London, outlines the implications of such proposals. And Saturday Night Live, the iconic American comedy sketch show known for launching global stars and sharp political satire, is being adapted for the UK. Journalist Caroline Frost and comedian Tamar Broadbent discuss whether the format will be a success. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant Producer: Lucy Wai

Ben Brown in London and Sumi Somaskanda in Washington, examine the key questions about the Trump tariff rollercoaster of the last few days. Why has the US doubled down on China with even steeper tariffs of 145%?

Donald Trump's announcement of new tariffs has disrupted global markets and challenged journalists tasked with explaining complex financial implications. Dharshini David, Deputy Economics Editor at BBC News, outlines how media coverage has responded to the fast-moving story, including social media misinformation and the difficulties of making the topic accessible to the public. Max Goldbart, International TV Co-Editor at Deadline, assesses what tariffs could mean for the media industry itself. The Indian Premier League has become one of the world's most commercially successful sporting competitions. Tim Wigmore, Deputy Cricket Correspondent at The Telegraph, explains how the IPL's format, celebrity involvement, and Indian economic growth helped transform it into a media powerhouse. Tymal Mills, England T20 international and BBC commentator, provides a player's view of the competition. Jensen Huang, founder of Nvidia, has overseen the company's transformation into a leader in AI chip development. A new biography by Stephen Witt discusses Huang's background, the company's pivot to artificial intelligence, and its rise in value to over $2 trillion. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

A Netflix drama about a boy accused of murder has sparked global attention over the content consumed by teenage boys online. Claire Holubowskyj of Enders Analysis highlights how boys spend significant time on platforms like YouTube and Reddit, often absorbing longer-form, algorithm-driven videos. Dr Marcus Gilroy-Ware of SOAS and Oli Dugmore, Editor at Joe, delve into the online presence of Andrew Tate and similar figures. Also on the show, Nintendo has announced the Switch 2 console, a successor to its popular gaming system. Keza MacDonald, Video Games Editor at The Guardian, gives her analysis. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, examines how Gaza could be governed in the future, analyses what a peace deal between Ukraine and Russia might look like, and looks at whether a minerals deal with the United States might end the fighting in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

A new lawsuit has intensified scrutiny over whether artificial intelligence models are being trained using pirated books. Authors and publishers are reacting to claims that Meta used books from Library Genesis, a well-known piracy site, without permission. Alex Reisner, Data Journalist at The Atlantic, built a tool enabling authors to check if their books were included in the dataset. Rosie Wilby, comedian and author, found her work listed and raised concerns over consent and fair compensation. Catriona MacLeod Stevenson, General Counsel and Deputy CEO at the Publishers Association, outlines the legal response and calls for greater transparency in AI training practices. Journalists in Turkey have been detained following widespread protests triggered by the arrest of a political opponent of President Erdoğan. Selin Girit, Correspondent at the BBC World Service, explains the environment facing journalists, including government control of around 90% of the media and previous intimidation of foreign reporters. Attention has turned to the use of encrypted messaging app Signal after a surprising error saw Atlantic editor Jeffrey Goldberg added to a White House group chat about planned US strikes in Yemen. James Ball, Political Editor of The New European, explains the implications of the leak, the rise of Signal among journalists, and the motivations of its founder, Moxie Marlinspike. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Lucy Wai Assistant Producers: Flora McWilliam and Elena Angelides

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses the negotiations between the United States and Russia over a ceasefire in Ukraine, examines Canada's attempts to forge European alliances amidst a trade war with Donald Trump and – at a pivotal moment for the International Criminal Court - explores the impact of the arrest of Rodrigo Duterte, former president of the Philippines.

Documentary maker Dan Reed returns with Leaving Neverland 2: Surviving Michael Jackson, following Wade Robson and James Safechuck as they continue their legal fight against Jackson's estate. Reed discusses how he got the film over the line and the ongoing backlash from Jackson's supporters. Also on the show, the Trump administration has cut funding to US state-backed broadcasters, affecting Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and Radio Free Asia. Bay Fang, President of Radio Free Asia, responds to the impact of these cuts, while Jennifer Grygiel, Associate Professor at Syracuse University, examines the broader implications for press freedom.Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

Dr Joachim Nagel isn't just Germany's chief central banker, he's one of the most powerful economic policy-makers in Europe.In this exclusive interview, originally recorded for the BBC World Service's Business Daily podcast, Ed Butler asks how he thinks Germany, and the European Union as a whole, should be responding to a time of unprecedented economic peril.It's a shaky time for the world's third-largest economy, which has been experiencing stagnant growth for five years. As a trade war between Europe and the US escalates, what does the future look like for Germany?

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether jitters in the world markets suggest an economic downturn is imminent, examines how the American decision to hold talks with Hamas has affected the situation in Gaza and looks at how scientists are trying to counter the jamming of GPS signals.

Sarah Wynn-Williams describes her seven years at Facebook as a “front-row seat” to one of the most powerful and influential companies in the world. She traveled on private jets and met with heads of state in her role as Director of Global Public Policy until 2017. But now in her new memoir, Careless People, she makes a series of allegations about the behaviour of the company at the time. Meta denies wrongdoing. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer for BBC Audio: Simon Richardson Producer for BBC News: Roxanne Panthaki

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, examines what Ukraine can do to win back American military support in its war with Russia, explores whether a European army could provide a bulwark against Russia and looks at how Donald Trump and Elon Musk have waded into the controversy over South Africa's land inequality.

Jeff Bezos' growing influence on the Washington Post has reached a turning point, with changes to its opinion section prompting resignations from senior figures. Cameron Barr, a former managing editor, explains his decision to leave, expressing concerns about the paper's independence. Max Tani, media editor at Semafor, offers insight into how editorial and opinion functions differ between US and UK media. Greg Williams, deputy global editorial director at WIRED, examines Bezos' wider significance. Also in the programme, what is it like to win an Oscar? Director Molly O'Brien, whose documentary The Only Girl in the Orchestra won Best Documentary Short, shares her experiences of Hollywood's biggest night. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, analyses whether Russia's war in Ukraine is nearing an endgame, examines the implications of the surge in support for the right in the German elections and looks at the huge increase in government surveillance under the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Mehdi Hasan's career has taken him from the UK to becoming a high-profile journalist in the US. In this extended conversation, he discusses social media's impact on journalism, his approach to interviewing, and why he decided to launch his own subscription platform. Presenter: Ros Atkins Producer: Simon Richardson

The future for Ukraine is fought not just on the battlefield but in the media. Governments carefully craft messages to influence global opinion, and media access is a crucial tool in shaping narratives. Former Nato spokesperson Oana Lungescu and The Times defence editor Larisa Brown, explore how Ukraine, Russia, and Western nations use diplomatic messaging to project power and control perceptions. David Remnick, editor of The New Yorker, reflects on the magazine's 100-year legacy. From long-form, investigative pieces to cultural criticism, The New Yorker has defined literary journalism. Remnick shares insights on the magazine's fact-checking process, its role in shaping public discourse, and why deeply reported journalism remains crucial in the digital age. Presenter: Ros Atkins Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, examines whether Western support for Ukraine is holding firm, analyses Donald Trump's plan for a Middle East riviera in Gaza and looks at whether artificial intelligence is still a danger to us.

Elon Musk's presence at a White House press conference surprised journalists when President Trump gave him the stage to address questions about his growing governmental influence. Jeff Mason, White House correspondent for Reuters, who asked Musk about claims of a “hostile takeover” of government, describes the experience. The Trump administration has announced significant cuts to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), which provides funding to independent media organisations worldwide. Max Tani, reporter for Semafor, explains how this decision affects news outlets, particularly those operating in countries where press freedom is under threat. BBC Media Action, the BBC's international charity, has been affected by the cuts, with USAID previously providing millions in funding. Its CEO, Simon Bishop, clarifies the organisation's role and responds to Elon Musk's claim that USAID funds the BBC directly. The attention economy is reshaping the way people engage with media and technology. Chris Hayes, host of MSNBC's All In, draws comparisons between Big Tech's monetisation of attention and the Industrial Revolution's transformation of labour. He discusses the social and political consequences of mass digital engagement and offers insight into potential regulatory solutions. Presenter: Katie Razzall Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson, in discussion with the BBC's unparalleled range of experts across the world, examines Donald Trump's first few weeks in office, analyses whether the United States is going to start a trade war, and looks at how Mexico is dealing with the new administration in Washington.

Bill Gates sits down with presenter Katie Razzall in Seattle to discuss technology's impact, from social media to AI, as he reflects on themes from his new autobiography. He shares his thoughts on misinformation, regulation, and his most recent meeting with Donald Trump. Also, how can news outlets engage Gen Z? New research shows young consumers trust social media posts and influencers as much as traditional journalism. Alex Mahon, CEO of Channel 4, David Rhodes of Sky News, and Geordie Greig of The Independent discuss the challenge. Presenters: Katie Razzall and Ros Atkins Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai

John Simpson visits Russia's neighbour Latvia for a special episode of Unspun World where he reflects on how the collapse of the Soviet Union has shaped Putin's Russia. With BBC experts in the region, John explores how a second Trump presidency may affect the war in Ukraine and looks at the Baltic balancing act over the threat from Moscow.

Chinese technology is making headlines with the rise of DeepSeek, an AI chatbot that has surged to the top of US app downloads. Its development cost is reportedly lower than Western alternatives, and its open-source nature raises both innovation and security concerns. Shirin Ghaffary, AI reporter at Bloomberg, Ciaran Martin, former Head of Cybersecurity at GCHQ, and Kathrin Hille, FT Greater China correspondent, discuss the impact. The Excel World Championships bring spreadsheets into the realm of competitive gaming. Hosted in Las Vegas, the event sees contestants solving complex data challenges in front of a live audience. Robert McMillan, reporter at The Wall Street Journal, describes the atmosphere of the event and assesses whether Excel really has evolved from office tool to esport. Presenters: Ros Atkins and Katie Razzall Producer: Simon Richardson Assistant producer: Lucy Wai