Podcast appearances and mentions of andrew kahrl

Taxes. Is there anything Americans like to complain about more? This episode takes a deep dive into the U.S. tax system, paying particular attention to the property tax. Exploding a popular myth that purports Black Americans pay little to no taxes, historian Andrew Kahrl reveals how Black Americans have long paid more than their fair share of property taxes amid and after the rise of the Jim Crow fiscal order. Along the way, we also discuss the role property taxes play in local government, movements for equitable taxation, and the exploitative tax lien industry and its role in a massive government-sanctioned theft of Black land. 

Welcome to Drafting the Past, a podcast all about the craft of writing history. I'm Kate Carpenter, and in each episode I talk with a historian about the practices, archival frustrations and joys, drafts and revisions and more that go into writing history. In this episode, I'm delighted to be joined by Dr. Andrew Kahrl. Andrew is a professor of history and African American Studies at the University of Virginia. His third book was published by the University of Chicago Press earlier this year, titled The Black Tax: 150 Years of Theft, Exploitation, and Dispossession in America. Andrew is especially interested in issues of housing and real estate, land use and ownership, and local tax systems. He is the author of two additional books, The Land Was Ours: African American Beaches from Jim Crow to the Sunbelt South, and Free the Beaches: The Story of Ned Coll and the Battle for America's Most Exclusive Shoreline. In addition to his books, Andrew regularly writes for public outlets like the New York Times, Washington Post, The Guardian, and more. In our conversation, we talked about how Andrew wrestled the research for his latest book into a compelling narrative argument, and why he firmly believes in the importance of history that speaks to present-day issues. He also shared some unexpected writing advice from his dad that I think you'll enjoy hearing about. Enjoy my conversation with Dr. Andrew Kahrl.

In this episode: The recent "merger" revelation and what it means The history of school district boundaries and the things they separate How and why Open Enrollment and Chapter 220 were created What we have gained from OE over the years and what we hope to gain by drawing it down Show notes: WSD merger stuff Special school board meeting to release legal opinion WISN-12 coverage and interviews The legal opinion itself Tosa 2075 Task Force materials Resource booklet Open Enrollment Data Review slide deck Policies brief Task Force final report State legislative and DPI resources LFB explanation of Open Enrollment history and processes DPI enrollment, demographic, and discipline datasets Histories of general school choice dynamics in MKE/WI come from here: John Witte, The Market Approach to Education: An Analysis of America's First Voucher Program (Princeton UP, 2001). Robert Asen, Democracy, Deliberation, and Education (Penn State UP, 2015) Noliwe Rooks, Cutting School: The Segrenomics of American Education (The New Press, 2020). Jack Dougherty, More Than One Struggle: The Evolution of Black Education Reform in Milwaukee (U of North Carolina Press, 2004). General history of spatial, educational, and economic segregation in the urban north Shep Melnick, The Crucible of Desegregation: The Uncertain Search for Educational Equality (U of Chicago Press, 2023) Ansley Erickson, Making the Unequal Metropolis: School Desegregation and Its Limits (U of Chicago Press, 2017). Carla Shedd, Unequal City: Race, Schools, and the Perception of Injustice (Russell Sage Foundation, 2015) Savannah Shange, Progressive Dystopia: Abolition, Antiblackness, and Schooling in San Francisco (Duke University Press, 2020). Mike Amezcua, Making Mexican Chicago: From Postwar Settlement to the Age of Gentrification (U of Chicago Press, 2023). Jonathan Rosa, Looking Like a Language, Sounding Like a Race: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Learning of Latinidad (Oxford University Press, 2019) Andrew Kahrl, The Black Tax: 150 Years of Theft, Exploitation, and Dispossession in America (U of Chicago Press, 2024) Kevin Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism (Princeton University Press, 2005). Erica Frankenberg and Gary Orfield, eds, The Resegregation of Suburban Schools (Harvard Education Press, 2012). Elizabeth Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime (Harvard University Press, 2016). Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership (U of North Carolina Press, 2019). Elizabeth Popp Berman, Thinking Like an Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in US Public Policy (Princeton University Press, 2022). Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liveright Publishing, 2017). Matt Kelly, Dividing the Public (Cornell University Press, 2024). Jerald Podair, The Strike That Changed New York: Blacks, Whites, and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis (Yale UP, 2002)

A dirty secret in U.S. history is how local property taxes have been used to steal massive amounts of land and money from Black people, for the last 160 years. The Black Tax, a new book by historian Andrew Kahrl, exposes these scams that helped create the colossal racial wealth gap of today. The damage to Black Americans? More than $600 billion in straight-up theft – and trillions in lost generational wealth! SHOW NOTESGuest: Andrew W. KahrlAndrew Kahrl is a Professor at the University of Virgina. His research focuses on the social and political history of racial inequality in the United States. He teaches courses on African American history, race and real estate, and U.S. urban history.Books by Andrew Kahrl:The Black Tax: 150 Years of Theft, Exploitation, and Dispossession in America The Land Was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South Related readings and resources:The Whiteness of Wealth: How The Tax System Impoverishes Black Americans - And How We Can Fix It by Dorothy A. Brown“Blacks in South Struggle to Keep the Little Land They Have Left” (NY Times 1972)Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Land Assistance Fund)HIGHLIGHTS OF EPISODE:[10:55]  Over-taxing of Black-owned property[13:54]  Under-servicing of Black communities[22:18]  The tax sale scam[26:06]  The saga of Evelina Jenkins[29:08]  The tab: damages to Black Americans for stolen property[39:32]  Andrew Kahrl's proposals to repair the tax system[42:22]  Importance of solidarity to creating a more just system Contact Tony & AdamSubscribe

African American studies professor and author Andrew Kahrl joins Tavis to discuss the economic gains of the U.S. post-slavery, reparations, his new book “The Black Tax: 150 Years of Theft, Exploitation and Dispossession in America” and more!

In the early 20th century, Baltimore City codified racial segregation in housing into law, prohibiting African Americans from moving onto blocks where white residents were the majority. As the city grew, the sewer commission methodically avoided building infrastructure in Black neighborhoods. That's one example given by historian Andrew Kahrl of how African American taxpayers have been denied the benefits of their dollars. Andrew Kahrl is a professor of history and African American studies at the University of Virginia. His new book is “The Black Tax: 150 Years of Theft, Exploitation, and Dispossession in America.” He'll be speaking about it on Tuesday, April 16th at the Enoch Pratt Free Central Library. Links:Registration hereVirtual event hereIt's Time to End the Quiet Cruelty of Property TaxesDo you have a question or comment about a show or a story idea to pitch? Contact On the Record at: Senior Supervising Producer, Maureen Harvie she/her/hers mharvie@wypr.org 410-235-1903 Senior Producer, Melissa Gerr she/her/hers mgerr@wypr.org 410-235-1157 Producer Sam Bermas-Dawes he/him/his sbdawes@wypr.org 410-235-1472

Historians Matthew Kelly and Andrew Kahrl join Cara and Derek to talk about racialized land values, the definition of "property" for the purposes of taxation, the history and power of local tax administration, and inequities in the funding of public services, including schools. For Matthew's forthcoming book -- preorders available now -- click here. For Andrew's forthcoming book, also available for preorder, click here. For a transcript of this episode, click here. And please use this form to suggest topics and guests for future episodes!

“What is gonna happen for us – or to us – with this project?”   April lives in Grandy Village in Norfolk, VA. Her waterfront neighborhood floods a lot, but that's getting fixed with the Ohio Creek Watershed Project. The project is a dream come true, but the reality is more complicated.    www.twotitans.org @therepairlab on Twitter   Archival selections from the Virginia General Assembly and via the City of Norfolk.   Sea-level rise estimates are drawn from a 2017 NOAA report, cited in the 2021 Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan.   Read WTKR's coverage on the Ohio Creek Watershed Project here.   Here is the City of Norfolk's page on the Ohio Creek Project, and the project's official website.   Learn more about Wetlands Watch and their work on their website.   Read about sea-level rise and explore maps, projections and impacts at the National Climate Assessment.   Here's Andrew Kahrl's work on coastal real estate development in the US.   This episode was written, recorded, produced, edited, mixed, mastered and hosted by Adrian Wood. Show art by Adrian Wood. Story editing by Kelly Jones. Music by Sugarlift.   This episode features the voices of April Hatfield, Skip Stiles, Ashley Hobbes, Del. Mark Keam, Sen. Lynwood Lewis, Andria McClellan, Paul Riddick, Andrew Kahrl, Kim Sudderth and Vincent Hodges.   With support from the Karsh Institute of Democracy.   Find out more at http://www.coaldustkills.com

Rebecca Thompson of Prosperity Now, a nonprofit based in Washington, D.C., discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected low-income communities and families of color in the United States, and what tax policy tools could help them. For additional coverage, read these articles in Tax Notes:IRS Plan for Monthly Child Credit Distribution Lacks DetailsIRS Has No Plans to Extend 2021 Filing Season NationwideCalls Grow for Tax Return Filing Deadline ExtensionHouse Democrats to Fight Injustices With IncentivesUniversity of Virginia professor Andrew Kahrl talks about his recent Tax Notes piece, “More for Less: How Property Taxes Fuel Racial Inequality."**This episode is sponsored by Avalara. For more information, visit avalara.com/taxnotes.***CreditsHost: David D. StewartExecutive Producers: Jasper B. Smith, Janelle JulienShowrunner: Paige JonesAudio Engineers: Derek Squires, Jordan ParrishGuest Relations: Nicole Wilder

In this episode, Niki, Neil, and Natalia discuss the decision by the Planned Parenthood Federation of New York to disavow Margaret Sanger for her ties to eugenics. Support Past Present on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/pastpresentpodcast Here are some links and references mentioned during this week’s show:  Planned Parenthood of Greater New York announced it will remove the name of founder Margaret Sanger from its Manhattan health clinic. Neil referred to this blog post about Sanger’s ableism. Natalia referenced this Twitter thread by Imani Gandy, and this article by legal scholar Michele Goodwin.   In our regular closing feature, What’s Making History: Natalia recommended Katherine Rosman’s New York Times article, “On the Latest Boutique Fitness Playlist: Black Lives Matter.” Neil discussed Emile Dirks’ and James Leibold’s New York Times article, “China is Harvesting the DNA of its People. Is this the Future of Policing?” Niki talked about Andrew Kahrl’s New York Times article, “Who Will Get to Swim this Summer?”

Join UVA’s premier undergraduate research podcast, the Global Inquirer for a special discussion on housing development, inequality and activism to gain a better understanding of our community. The event featured community leaders and activists as well as Andrew Kahrl, professor of History and African American studies here at UVA. Check out the broadcast on Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/GlobalInquireratUVA/videos/1045433865666988/

Each summer, Connecticut residents flock to the shoreline, raising umbrellas and spreading towels along the state's beaches. Yet, behind this sunny imagery hides a somber history -- a story of coastal ownership and exclusivity.This hour, Free the Beaches author Andrew Kahrl joins us. We reflect on the impact of Connecticut's private and restricted beaches and learn about a 20th-century crusade to unlock the state's coast.Support the show: http://wnpr.org/donateSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We've heard way too many Barbecue Becky and Permit Patty stories in the news lately. White people see black people selling lemonade, cooking on a grill, sitting in Starbucks, etc. They decide they shouldn't be doing whatever they're doing, and call 911. Usually someone starts taking a video, which eventually makes its way around the internet. What we don't get to see is what happens in the 911 dispatch center. What do the people who take those calls think about these frivolous calls? What do they tell the police about the situation? Rachel Herron was a 911 operator in Oakland, California, and she's written about how she had to respond to racist calls every day. Rachel joins us this week to tell us what happens on the other end of those calls. A lot of those frivolous calls are based on minor ordinances -- so-called "quality of life laws" that dictate who can use public spaces and how. History professor Andrew Kahrl studies the history of segregation. He thinks of these laws as the North's version of Jim Crow. On this week's show, we chat with Andrew about how small laws and ordinances are weaponized against certain types of people (the laws often call them "non-residents" but you can probably guess what they most often look like).

Alex talks to UVA historian Andrew Kahrl about his books The Land Was Ours and Free the Beaches, and the joys of laborious research in Hartford, Connecticut basements. Good news -- the audio quality is terrible!

This week at In The Past Lane, the history podcast, I speak with Historian Andrew W. Kahrl about his new book, Free the Beaches: The Story of Ned Coll and the Battle for America’s Most Exclusive Shoreline. Beaches, like any public space in the US, have long been contested public spaces. That’s because throughout American history, the definition of the public – the citizenry – has never been agreed-upon, leading to the marginalization and exclusion of various racial, ethnic, and economic groups, not to mention women. And so attempts to access and use public spaces by these various marginalized groups have often been met with resistance. No doubt this brings to mind classic images of civil rights activists being violently attacked for sitting at whites-only lunch counters across the south during the 1950s and 1960s. Or Rosa Parks being arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man on a public bus. But beyond these high profile incidents, there were many, many efforts to gain access to public spaces by African-Americans another marginalized groups. In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, African-American civil rights activists, whose names you will never know, battled to disaggregate public golf courses, public pools, and public parks. And, yes, public beaches. As we learn in my conversation with historian Andrew Kahrl, some of these battles took place in the deep South, but others occurred in the north, in elite parts of New England like Greenwich, CT.  In these instances, African Americans didn’t encounter explicit sign saying “whites only.” But they did face innumerable barriers that were subtle, but also very effective at limiting access by people deemed “outsiders.” In the course of our discussion, Andrew Kahrl explains: How for centuries the “public trust doctrine” considered waterfront land to be public property open to all. How after WWII, as suburbanization flourished and long-neglected shoreline property suddenly became valuable, communities with beaches began to restrict access to residents or members of private beach associations. How in the same era marked by public policies like redlining that promoted residential and school segregation, similar initiatives excluded people of color from beaches.  How the Open Beaches movement emerged to oppose efforts to privatize parts of the American coastline and to restrict access by the public. How Ned Coll became in the 1960s and 1970s a civil rights activist who worked to force Connecticut communities – including elite towns like Greenwich, CT – to open their public beaches to all. How “wade-ins” at segregated beaches became the equivalent of “sit-ins” at segregated lunch counters during the civil rights era. Why a 2001 state Supreme Court decision that forced Connecticut communities to make their public beaches open to non-residents has led those communities to develop new exclusionary policies that perpetuate the exclusion of the poor and people of color. Why recent incidents involving white Americans calling the police on African Americans who are using public parks, pools, golf courses, and beaches is part of a long tradition of using minor ordinances to police black bodies. Recommended reading:  Andrew W. Kahrl, Free the Beaches: The Story of Ned Coll and the Battle for America’s Most Exclusive Shoreline (Yale University Press, 2018) Andrew W. Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South Andrew W. Kahrl, “The North’s Jim Crow,” New York Times, May 27, 2018 https://nyti.ms/2xkcpsF Gregory W. Bush, White Sand Black Beach: Civil Rights, Public Space, and Miami’s Virginia Key Robert J. Robertson, Fair Ways: How Six Black Golfers Won Civil Rights in Beaumont, Texas Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America Shirley A. Wiegand and Wayne A. Wiegand, The Desegregation of Public Libraries in the Jim Crow South: Civil Rights and Local Activism Follow In The Past Lane  @InThePastLane Related ITPL podcast episodes: 041 Erin Krutko Devlin on the Little Rock Crisis of 1957 035 Richard Rothstein the Color of Law Music for This Episode Jay Graham, ITPL Intro (JayGMusic.com) Kevin McCleod, “Impact Moderato” (Free Music Archive) Andy Cohen, “Trophy Endorphins” (Free Music Archive) Jon Luc Hefferman, “Discovery” (Free Music Archive) Jon Luc Hefferman, “Winter Trek” (Free Music Archive) The Bell, “I Am History” (Free Music Archive) Production Credits Executive Producer: Lulu Spencer Technical Advisors: Holly Hunt and Jesse Anderson Podcasting Consultant: Dave Jackson of the School of Podcasting Photographer: John Buckingham Graphic Designer: Maggie Cellucci Website by: ERI Design Legal services: Tippecanoe and Tyler Too Social Media management: The Pony Express Risk Assessment: Little Big Horn Associates Growth strategies: 54 40 or Fight © In The Past Lane, 2018 Recommended History Podcasts Ben Franklin’s World with Liz Covart @LizCovart The Age of Jackson Podcast @AgeofJacksonPod Backstory podcast – the history behind today’s headlines @BackstoryRadio Past Present podcast with Nicole Hemmer, Neil J. Young, and Natalia Petrzela @PastPresentPod 99 Percent Invisible with Roman Mars @99piorg Slow Burn podcast about Watergate with @leoncrawl The Memory Palace – with Nate DiMeo, story teller extraordinaire @thememorypalace The Conspirators – creepy true crime stories from the American past @Conspiratorcast The History Chicks podcast @Thehistorychix My History Can Beat Up Your Politics @myhist Professor Buzzkill podcast – Prof B takes on myths about the past @buzzkillprof Footnoting History podcast @HistoryFootnote The History Author Show podcast @HistoryDean More Perfect podcast - the history of key US Supreme Court cases @Radiolab Revisionist History with Malcolm Gladwell @Gladwell Radio Diaries with Joe Richman @RadioDiaries DIG history podcast @dig_history The Story Behind – the hidden histories of everyday things @StoryBehindPod Studio 360 with Kurt Andersen – specifically its American Icons series @Studio360show Uncivil podcast – fascinating takes on the legacy of the Civil War in contemporary US @uncivilshow Stuff You Missed in History Class @MissedinHistory The Whiskey Rebellion – two historians discuss topics from today’s news @WhiskeyRebelPod American History Tellers ‏@ahtellers The Way of Improvement Leads Home with historian John Fea @JohnFea1 The Bowery Boys podcast – all things NYC history @BoweryBoys Ridiculous History @RidiculousHSW The Rogue Historian podcast with historian @MKeithHarris The Road To Now podcast @Road_To_Now Retropod with @mikerosenwald

There are 253 miles of shoreline in Connecticut and only seven of them are free and open to the public. Andrew Kahrl Associate Professor of history and African American Studies at University of Virginia brings us the story of Ned Coll who mobilized a multi-decade battle against town residency requirements and other segregating mechanisms along the Connecticut coast which make a day at the beach expensive, impractical or simply illegal. Our conversation delves into the core of public and private rights to the water. Music credit: Ryan Andersen http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Ryan_Andersen/Swimming/Set_Me_Free

This Memorial Day weekend, Connecticut residents will flock to the shoreline, raising umbrellas and spreading towels along the state's beaches.Yet, behind this sunny imagery hides a somber history -- a story of coastal ownership and exclusivity.This hour, University of Virginia professor and Free the Beaches author Andrew Kahrl joins us. We reflect on the impact of Connecticut's private and restricted beaches and learn about a 20th-century crusade to unlock the state's coast. Support the show: http://wnpr.org/donateSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

President Trump is famous for bragging about his net worth. Publicly, he claims he’s worth  more than $10 billion. He even sued an author over the issue and lobbied the editors of Forbes about his ranking on their billionaires list. Yet quietly in another setting, the Trump Organization says the president’s holdings are worth far less than he has proclaimed. Across the country, the company is suing local governments, claiming it owes much less in property taxes than government assessors say because its properties are worth much less than they’ve been valued at. In just one example, the company has asserted that its gleaming waterfront skyscraper in Chicago is worth less than than its assessed value, in part because its retail space is failing and worth less than nothing.  Since becoming president, Trump’s companies have filed at least nine new lawsuits against municipalities in Florida, New York and Illinois, arguing for lower tax bills, ProPublica has found. Some of those lawsuits have been previously reported. At stake is millions of dollars that communities use to fund roads, schools and police departments. Real estate owners dispute property taxes frequently, and some even sue. The president has a long track record of doing so himself. But experts are troubled that he’s doing so while in office. No president in modern times has owned a business involved in legal battles with local governments. “The idea that the president would have these interests and then those companies would sue localities is really a dangerous precedent,” said Larry Noble of the nonpartisan Campaign Legal Center. The dynamic between local and federal governments is impossible to ignore in these cases, he said, and municipalities “rely on resources from the federal government and the federal government can make your life easier or much more difficult.” He added that the concern arises because the president did not fully separate from his businesses. A spokesman for the Trump Organization said, “Like any other business or property owner, when property taxes become inflated, it is not uncommon to challenge the process to ensure fair treatment. This is a routine practice and any suggestion otherwise is simply ridiculous.” Here’s a selection of the Trump Organization’s fights: Just 35 miles north of New York City, the company is fighting the town of Ossining home to Trump National Westchester Golf Club. Trump bought the course in 1996 for $7.5 million and put in $40 million of renovations. The course includes a 75,000-square-foot clubhouse, a 101-foot man-made waterfall, and a host of luxury condominiums overlooking the fairway. Trump said in presidential financial disclosures that this property is worth at least $50 million. Ossining currently assesses the property at only $15 million. Yet in legal filings, the Trump Organization claims that assessment is far too high. In 2015, the company said the property is worth only $1.5 million in a lawsuit filed against the town in Westchester County court. Municipalities almost always settle instead of taking these cases to trials, which can be expensive. But after public outcry, the town decided not to settle and instead is fighting this case and another one related to a neighboring private golf course which is not owned by Trump. Asked how it feels to be sued by President Trump’s company, Dana Levenberg, a town supervisor in Ossining said, “It is certainly uncomfortable at best.” Ossining has a population of 38,000 and an annual budget of $5.5 million. In order to fight, it’s had to bring in expert assessors and outside lawyers and that adds up. “When you have deep private pockets, it’s a lot easier to have staying power in these cases,” said Levenberg. Trump National Golf Club LLC, the subsidiary that owns the club, has filed lawsuits over property taxes each year since 2015. If the town loses, they’ll have to refund Trump National the difference between what it claimed was owed and the Trump Organization’s number — roughly $439,960 from 2015 alone. That will come out of school budgets and municipal funds. Briarcliff Schools, the district the course falls in, has put aside $2.8 million of their annual $51.4 million budget for future tax refunds. The town and a number of other municipal offices have set aside funds as well. In Chicago, the Trump Organization has embraced a notoriously unequal system of property assessment challenges to its own benefit. The Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago, set on prime riverfront downtown real estate, was born out of the first season of “The Apprentice.” Completed in 2008, it rises 92 stories and includes a hotel, condominiums and retail space. But in lawsuits filed against the Cook County Assessor’s Office, Trump’s lawyers call the building a “failed business” and claim the riverfront commercial retail space is worthless. The Trump Organization, through its subsidiary, 401 Wabash Ventures LLC, has appealed valuations for Trump Tower Chicago and lowered its tax bills by over $14 million dollars over the years through settlement negotiations. Not satisfied with those reductions, the Trump Organization sued, first in 2006, and then repeatedly in subsequent years. Currently, there are five open cases filed on behalf of the Trump Organization against the county, all regarding Trump Tower. The Chicago Sun-Times estimates there are about $3 million in tax refunds at stake in these cases.  Reports by ProPublica Illinois and the Chicago Tribune show that the tax appeals system can exacerbate existing inequalities in the tax system in Illinois, in part because appeals are filed most frequently by those who can afford lawyers. Experts said they see this in many places across the country. “The trend has often been that these appeals processes have been abused by those that are already advantaged,” said Andrew Kahrl, an expert in the history of taxation and an associate professor at the University of Virginia.  In Palm Beach County, Florida, the Trump Organization is suing the tax assessor over its tax bill for the Trump National Golf Course Palm Beach. The course, located in the town of Jupiter, is one of two nearby private courses the president frequents while staying at Mar-a-Lago. On his financial disclosure, Trump lists the value of the Jupiter course as $50 million. Yet in the lawsuit filed in Palm Beach County Civil Court, the company says the county’s current $19.5 million assessment “exceed[s] the market value” of the course. The county and its lawyer declined to comment on the ongoing litigation.  The county billed the company $398,315. In December, Jupiter Golf Club paid $296,595.01, calling it a “good faith estimate” of what’s owed. In Manhattan, the Trump Organization filed six lawsuits in New York County court over property tax assessments of Trump Tower, Trump Park Avenue, and other buildings in midtown and the Upper East Side in 2017 alone. Owners of high-value properties frequently appeal their tax bills in New York City. 

Episode 18, "Beach Your Bottom Dollar," tells the story of three of Maryland's historically Black beaches, Carr's and Sparrow's Beaches and Highland Beach. Hear all about the heyday of beachside concerts at Carr's Beach and the enduring civil rights legacies of Frederick Douglass, Mary Church Terrell, and their descendants and Highland Beach. Voices include Dr. Andrew Kahrl, author of The Land was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South, Annapolis historian and tour guide Janice Hayes-Williams, and Highland Beach City Commissioner Raymond Langston.

Beryl Satter visits The Context of White Supremacy. Dr. Satter is a professor of history at Rutgers University in New Jersey, and her work was rewarded with a 2015 Guggenheim Grant. We'll examine her 2009 publication: Family Properties: Race, Real Estate and the Exploitation of Black Urban America. Ta-Nehisi Coates referenced this text in his prominently discussed analysis of why black people should be granted immense compensation for the terrorism Whites have subjected us to. Satter provides a comprehensive, blistering indictment of White real estate practices which restricted Chicago's black housing to horrendous areas with poor services and astronomical insurance rates. Black people were financially raped for the privilege of living in squalor; the Federal Housing Administration refused to issue home loans for black people. So White predators sold inferior housing to black people... after marking up the price as much as 100%. We'll see if Dr. Satter confirms N.D.B. Connolly's and Andrew Kahrl's assessment that Whites have become increasingly efficient as confiscating black property. INVEST in The COWS - http://tiny.cc/ledjb CALL IN NUMBER: 760.569.7676 CODE 564943# SKYPE: FREECONFERENCECALLHD.7676 CODE 564943# The C.O.W.S. archives: http://tiny.cc/76f6p

The University of Virginia's Dr. Andrew Kahrl visits The Context of White Supremacy. His research subjects include African American studies, 20th Century United States and the environment. Dr. Nathan Connolly cited Kahrl's research on the Racist economic terrorism that has been - is - targeting black people. The Land Was Ours: African American Beaches from Jim Crow to the Sunbelt South details the perpetual, White devotion to sabotaging, undermining and constricting black commerce, black property, and black cooperation. Kahrl's book explains how the System of White Supremacy necessitates, celebrates #BlackOnBlackCrime. This text corroborates Dr. Connolly's declaration that Racists have become frighteningly efficient at raping black space. We'll also pinpoint how Whites routinely, deliberately contaminate the environment as a means of terrorizing black people. #EnvironmentalRacism INVEST in The COWS - http://tiny.cc/ledjb CALL IN NUMBER: 760.569.7676 CODE 564943# SKYPE: FREECONFERENCECALLHD.7676 CODE 564943# The C.O.W.S. archives: http://tiny.cc/76f6p

The Plight of Black Coastal Landowners in the Sunbelt South and Its Lessons for Post–Housing Bubble America April 26, 2011 At the turn of the 20th century, African Americans owned vast swaths of property along America's shores. By the post–World War II era, African American beaches and resorts served as important places for working families to escape from the daily indignities of Jim Crow and for a separate, seasonal black leisure economy to take shape. The death of Jim Crow coincided with the emergence of a pro-growth, corporate-friendly Sunbelt economy, which led to massive resort and residential development in coastal areas, and the targeting of black coastal landowners as the path of least resistance. From the 1960s to the present, African American property owners in areas targeted for leisure-based economic and real estate development have struggled to fend off various schemes deployed by developers and their allies in municipal, county, and state governments to expropriate and put to "best use" valuable property. Andrew Kahrl from Marquette University examined the legal instruments of real estate development, black land loss, and the privatization of public space in coastal areas in modern America, its relation to broader changes in the coastal and global economies, and its social and environmental implications.