Podcast appearances and mentions of bob miller

Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:09 Hi there, how are you? Bob Miller 00:00:10 Excellent! Pedaling as fast as humanly possible, but doing okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:14 Good, good. Well, I’m looking forward to our conversation today. This should be amazing. Bob Miller 00:00:20 Yeah, it should be a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:22 Yeah, anything that’s off-limits for you in, our conversation? Bob Miller 00:00:28 No. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:29 Okay, anything you want me to make sure we cover for you? Bob Miller 00:00:33 Well, I mean, is it okay if we put a little plug-in for our software? Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:35 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:38 Hey, can we… can we do a screen share? Yes, we can. Yeah, because I want to show you some maps, and… Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:43 Okay. Things like that, yeah, so… Perfect. So just let me know when you want to do screen share. Bob Miller 00:00:48 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:49 And yeah, feel free to plug your software wherever you want to. Bob Miller 00:00:53 Okay, well, good. Let me pull up a, a slide for that, and give me one second, I just want to shut the door to my office to get the noise down. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:01 No worries. Bob Miller 00:01:16 And, how should I refer to you? Dr. Debb? Dr. Muth, what do you like? Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:18 Dr. Deb is great, or Deb, either way, I’m pretty informal, so… Bob Miller 00:01:22 Yeah, and… Bob is fine for me. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. Why people feel like they need this, son. Special name, it’s like, seriously. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:33 Right? I agree. Bob Miller 00:01:35 When I work with my clients, it’s like, Dr. Millison, just, just bop, just, just bop. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:41 Yep, that’s how I am, too. Just call me Deb, it’s good. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:44 They feel a little awkward with that, you know? They’re not used to that, but… Bob Miller 00:01:48 Alright. And you’re a naturopath, medical doctor. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:52 A nastropathic doctor and a nurse practitioner. Oh, nice. Yeah, so I got the best of both worlds, right? Bob Miller 00:01:58 Yeah, damn. Okay. Alright, so here we go… There we go. Alright, so I got that ready, and then I will do a, I will do a screen share. I think you’re gonna really, appreciate what we’ve come up with. We’ve come up with the concept of, Cellular CPR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:23 Oh, nice! Bob Miller 00:02:24 And that is, construct the cell membrane, Protect the cell membrane. And restore it if it’s damaged. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:32 Love that. Bob Miller 00:02:34 I love that. Yeah, so that’s what we’re focusing on, and then how, You know, we want to get to the point that, you know, most people think of genetics, they think of, like, 23andMe or Ancestry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:44 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:02:45 And then you have the professional geneticists who are looking at, you know, odd things that could create a disease. We’re looking at functional genomics. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:54 Which is so much better. Bob Miller 00:02:56 Yeah. Are you familiar with what we do here, or… Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:58 A little bit, a little bit. So, it’ll be new to me, too, so I’m excited. Bob Miller 00:03:03 And how much time do we have? Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:04 We have an hour, give or take a little bit on either side. Do you have a hard stop anywhere? Bob Miller 00:03:10 No, no, I put a, I moved my clients around, and I don’t have anybody till, 3.30, so we’re good. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:16 Perfect. Alright. Bob Miller 00:03:18 It’s like we’re getting started early as well, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:19 Yeah, we’re getting started a little bit early, so that’s good. Bob Miller 00:03:22 Yeah, I just got my office cleaned up, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:23 Okay, good. All right, are you all set to get started? Bob Miller 00:03:28 I’m good to go, my friend. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:29 I’m gonna just record a little intro and a little bit of a, hook for people, and then we’ll get started. I’ll ask you to kind of tell us a little bit about yourself, and then we’ll just take this conversation wherever it’s supposed to go. Bob Miller 00:03:39 Okay, you got it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:40 Alright, sounds good. So what if the reason you’re not healing isn’t your diet, your supplements, or your labs, but it’s actually your genes? Dr. Bob Miller is uncovering how genetic variants, when combined with modern toxins, explain why some of us stay sick no matter what we try. Today, we’re talking genetic pathways, detox blocks, and the new science every wellness warrior needs to know. Welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, the show where we uncover the root causes of chronic illness, exploring cutting-edge regenerative medicine, and empower you to heal from the inside out. I’m Dr. Deb, your medical detective, and today, our guest, Dr. Bob Miller, is a true pioneer in functional genomics. He’s a board-certified traditional naturopath and the founder of Neutrogenetic Research Institute. And he’s the leading groundbreaking research on how genetic variants influence chronic illness, inflammation, and detoxification. His work has been recognized on international stages, uncovering links between genetic expression and conditions like Lyme disease, mast cell activation, or MCAS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. I’m so excited to talk to Dr. Bob today. He is gonna reveal some things that even I don’t know about, so I’m excited to learn alongside of you guys. So… Dr. Bob, let’s get started. Tell us a little bit about yourself, and kind of how you got on this journey. Bob Miller 00:05:04 Well, that’s, that’s interesting. I was sort of like a mid-career coming to the natural health field, because in my early 30s, I found myself with a severe case of ulcerative colitis. Bob Miller 00:05:15 And I was in the hospital for 21 days. probably within hours of death, pleading to death. And they told me I’ve got one option, and that is cut out the colon and wear a bag. Didn’t sound like a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:27 Not an option I would want. Bob Miller 00:05:29 So, you know, the medical folks wasn’t real happy with me, but I said, yeah, I’d like to explore some alternative things.Never thinking that I’d get into this field, and then I just, you know, worked with some herbalists and things that I found absolutely fascinating. So, that’s how I got into this around 30 years ago. And, haven’t looked back since, and just having a… having a blast as we now move into how our genetics impacts things. So, that’s what we’re gonna… that’s what we’re gonna talk about today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:58 I’m excited to talk about this genetic thing. When you started over 30 years ago, what kind of patience and problems first inspired you to dig deeper into that root cause healing and kind of get into the genetic piece of it? Bob Miller 00:06:10 Sure. Well, you know, as a… now, I’m in a part of the country called Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where there’s a lot of Amish and Mennonite, and they gravitate towards these things.So, this is their first thing to do, and that doesn’t work, then they’ll go other routes. So, you know, back then, we just saw typical, you know, a little tired, constipation. You know, a little bit of fatigue, arthritis, those kind of things. But things have changed dramatically over the years, as people are now getting more chronically sick. You know, it’s worse than it’s ever been. And what we’re finding is the, the culprits Primarily is mold exposure and Lyme disease. When people get those two together, they’re just… it’s an inflammatory cascade that nobody can seem to unravel. So that’s where we spend a lot of our time. And we’re also spending a lot of time looking at mental health, like ADD, ADHD. And, we give… this year I’ll be speaking at three autism conferences. And we can dig into that a little bit as to why we think we’re seeing such a dramatic increase. And aside from autism, that used to be 1 out of 1,000, now it’s 1 out of 33, or 23. You know, we’re also seeing dramatic increases in ADD, ADHD. People are stressed out. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:07:37 This should be a fun visit. We can cover lots of topics. I am so excited. So, you founded Nutri Genetic Research Institute in 2015. What did you hope to accomplish, and what kind of surprised you in your findings so far about that? Bob Miller 00:07:51 Well, you know, let’s back up at what, you know, genetics is used for. Everybody’s familiar with 23andMe and Ancestry that, you know, tells you where your ancestors came from. Then you have your professional geneticists. I mean, these are people with a degree in genetics. And they’ll look for, you know, very odd sort of things that are prone to relate to a disease. So there are disease-related genetics. Well, in functional, we don’t look at either of those. We look at For example, how you’re breaking down your fats and utilizing them. How you’re recycling your glutathione. How you might be handling your iron. And none of those are disease-causing on their own.And none of those are disease-causing on their own. But when they pile up on you, and then combine that with environmental factors, that’s when things start to go south on us. So, that’s what we’re doing, we’re looking at patterns. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. Others have a little more struggle, and then others are struggling terribly for years. So there’s an old adage of genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. Dr. Deb Muth 00:09:14 Yeah, that is so true, and I think when we’re talking about Lyme and mold and things like that, we forget sometimes that our genetics can predispose us to be more sensitive to those things, and if we have genetic pathways where we don’t clear things properly, it’s harder for us to get them out of the body. And then you add on that whole rain barrel effect that we’ve always used as a functional medicine term, right? If the barrel’s half full, you’re okay. If it’s full, and now it’s spilling over, it’s a bigger problem. Have you guys found, too, that some of these environmental things actually are changing the genetics of people, or how they’re processing their own genetics? Bob Miller 00:09:53 Well, let’s go back to, Genetics 101. But we’ll go back a little bit further. So, what an interesting mechanism, what a miracle the body is. Bob Miller 00:10:03 Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, drink water, breathe air, expose the sunlight, and somehow everything gets made. I mean, when you just step back and think about that, it’s like, It’s pretty darn amazing. Dr. Deb Muth 00:10:15 I always tell women, you know, the fact that we get pregnant and we have healthy pregnancies and births is a miracle, because if we had to try to control that, that wouldn’t work so well. Bob Miller 00:10:25 Right. Well, that’s another miracle. These microscopic sperm and egg, human being, 9 months later, it’s like. But even inside of us. We are making our hair, our skin, our nails, our blood vessels, our ATP, our energy, it’s all being created. Well, that gets created by enzymes. So, enzymes take one substance, combine it with something else, and make something new. Then another enzyme comes along and does the same thing. Your DNA is the instructions on how to make the enzymes. So, when we are conceived. If it’s a, if it’s a female, of course, it’s the XX, the two chromosomes. You know, we’ve… everybody’s seen those… the genetics that… Listed pair. So, if it’s a female, the father donated the X enzyme. And the mother has no choice but to give the eggs, so that’s female. If the father donates the Y, you have a male that’s in chromosome number 1. Then 2 through 23 is the rest of the instructions on how to make enzymes. So, what can happen? We can get what are called SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. And SNPs just mean that the instructions to make the enzyme’s not quite as good. So, if one parent gives a SNP on the making of an enzyme, The enzyme’s fine. It works. But, general rule of thumb, It may only work at 70-80% of efficiency. Now, a good analogy is think of an 8-cylinder and a 6-cylinder car. If parents give you good information, that’s like having an 8-cylinder car. If one parent gives you that snip, it’s like having a 6-cylinder car. Now, is a 6-cylinder car a fine car? Sure. It’ll get you from point A to point B, but it’s just going to have the power of an 8-cylinder. Then if both parents give you a SNP on the same enzyme, it may be 30-40%, and that’s like having a 4-cylinder car. Sits in the driveway, looks the same, puts gas in it, everything. But if you’ve got a 4-cylinder car. Probably not a good idea to go cross-country pulling a trailer behind you up and down mountains. Dr. Deb Muth 00:12:29 This is true. Bob Miller 00:12:32 So… We can get an 8-cylinder, 6-cylinder, or 4-cylinder enzyme. Now, if it’s not under a lot of stress, if that 4-cylinder car is just taking you to the bank and the grocery store. It’s just as good as an 8-cylinder car. But if you gotta pull that trailer, and there’s a lot of stress on it, being mountains, it’s gonna struggle. Now, there’s one other little caveat to this, and that is some genetic mutations are gain-of-function. They actually work faster. Now, we have enzymes that do all kinds of things. We have enzymes that make and recycle our antioxidants, but we also have enzymes that make inflammation. No, that’s a good thing, because if we get a virus or bacteria, if you didn’t make inflammation to kill it, well, we’d all die of infection. So, you know, we tend to think of free radicals as bad, antioxidants as good. They both play an important role. But interestingly, some of the major enzymes that make inflammation, they can be overactive. They can be turbocharged. And when they’re stimulated by environmental toxins, they overreact. Bob Miller 00:13:40 And therein lies the problem. When they overreact, we have a problem. Bob Miller 00:13:46 So, if we have genes that overreact when stimulated. And then the enzymes that take care of inflammation are underactive. Then you’re gonna be more inflamed. You know, the majority of people that, you know, come for functional medicine Or naturopathic help, or… Inflammation that they can’t seem to get under control. Dr. Deb Muth 00:14:06 Right. Bob Miller 00:14:07 And we will be, you know, during this hour, we’re going to look at some of the pathways that make that happen. So, what we can do then, we can’t change our genetics. When you’re conceived, that’s the hand you’re dealt. When your life would be over, if someone would take some tissue and measure, it’d be exactly the same as conception. Does it change. Bob Miller 00:14:28 The enzyme’s ability to do its job may be compromised. Because remember I said there’s a, the enzyme takes a cofactor. So an enzyme takes substance A, cofactor, make substance B. Well, if that cofactor’s not there, the enzyme’s not going to work either. So, you could have an 8-cylinder car, and if there’s no gas in it, it’s not going anywhere. So… It’s the strength of the enzyme, it’s the cofactor to do the A to B conversion. And that’s what we’re going to get into. So, many people say, well, where did these SNPs come from? Nobody knows for sure. Sometimes they’re what’s just called de novo, when the sperm and egg go together, the instructions get mixed up a little bit. We do believe a lot of it came from a long time ago, when we were almost wiped out by sexually transmitted diseases. And those STDs were altering the genes when the conception, in other words, when the sperm went into the egg, the STDs were interfering. And causing the problem, so… I often joke, if you want to blame somebody. Blame your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandparents for, being a bit promiscuous, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:31 Yeah, for being… having a little too much fun, right? Bob Miller 00:15:35 So, we don’t know for sure, but, you know, there are some that, But most of the SNPs that we get inherit from our parents. So, if you look at a child. And you look at the SNPs. 99.9% of the time, it came from one of the parents. Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:50 In identical twins, do they have the exact same identical makeup? Bob Miller 00:15:54 Yep, Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:56 But not in fraternal twins, correct? Bob Miller 00:15:59 No, no, those could be different, Jeff. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:00 It could be different because they have different sacs, they’re not sharing that same genetic makeup. Bob Miller 00:16:04 Yeah, so keep in mind, both your mother and your father have, you know, the two And so you get one from one parent, one from another. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:13 So… Bob Miller 00:16:14 Interesting situation. I had, 3, 3 boys. And, we were looking at an enzyme related to breaking down oxalates. Now, the mother and father each had one SNP, and that’s called heterozygous. Three boys, and they all come together, they’re Amish boys, they’re a lot of fun. And I looked at their genomes, and the one boy didn’t have any SNPs at all. And one had won. And the other one had two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:41 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:16:42 So, we don’t quite know how these things get handed off, but with the parents each having one, you could have a child with none, one, or two. So, the one, his ability to break down oxalates, which is fine. The other one was slightly impaired, and the other one was dramatically impaired. So, you can have 3 children, and it all depends what the parents have. Now, if a parent has a homozygous, or 2 copies. And the other parent has nothing. Every child will have one. Okay. If both parents are homozygous, that they both have two, Every child will have two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:19 too. Bob Miller 00:17:20 Yes, so that’s the way it works, but, you know, but it’s somewhat rare that both parents are homozygous on an enzyme, but it can happen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:27 Do we think that infections today, like Lyme disease or mold exposure, things like that, if the parent, the woman, primarily, I’m thinking, is pregnant, and she actively has these infections. Can those infections affect the genetics, kind of like a past sexual transmission did where we thought back in the day? Bob Miller 00:17:47 Yeah, I… I mean, I’m not that much of a geneticist to answer that for sure, but my thought would be no, that at conception, the pattern’s made. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:55 Okay. And then that’s… that’s the hand you’re dealt. Bob Miller 00:17:58 Yeah. So, I tell people we have good news and bad news. The good news is we can compensate for the weakness. The bad news is we can compensate for the weakness. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:09 That is so very true. Bob Miller 00:18:11 Yeah, we can’t, because I often get asked, so we’ll do some things now, and we’ll check my genes again, and they’ll be better. It’s like, nope. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:18 Oh, – – Bob Miller 00:18:19 You gotta play the hands you’re dealt, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:21 That’s right. Bob Miller 00:18:22 You can test your genetics… if you’re looking at the same enzyme, you can test it every year. It’s not gonna change. It’s like the blueprint. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:30 It’s good and bad, right? It’s the one test you only have to do once in your lifetime. Bob Miller 00:18:34 No, unless, you know, like, our. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:36 All the time. Bob Miller 00:18:37 Yeah, now our test looks at, called the Functional Genomic Analysis Test of your genomic Resource. We look at 220,000 steps. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:46 Wow, that’s a lot. Bob Miller 00:18:47 That’s not all of them. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:49 Right. Bob Miller 00:18:50 So, maybe in the next year, we’re gonna come out with our third version of the chip. And then, if someone wants to get those new things that weren’t on it, they’d have to repeat. But whatever we measured is gonna stay the same. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:03 That’s a lot of SNPs to look at. Bob Miller 00:19:05 Keeps us busy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:06 But there’s still, but there’s still SNPs that we. Bob Miller 00:19:09 That we’d like to have that we don’t have, so… Bob Miller 00:19:11 We started out with version 1 on our genetic test, then we worked with version 2, and we’re already compiling a list of what version 3 would look like. So if somebody has our version 2, And we’re saying, you know what, it’d be nice if we could see these, well, then you’d repeat, but it won’t change what you already know, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:29 Got it, got it. So, when you started out, and you started looking at the research of Lyme disease and chronic infections, which detox pathways are most important for people who struggle with those conditions? Bob Miller 00:19:43 Okay. You know what might make sense as we do a screen share, and I’ll actually show you the pathway. Does that make sense? Bob Miller 00:19:48 Alright, so… let’s see if I… let me just press the share… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:52 Yep, you should just be able to press share. Bob Miller 00:19:54 And… number 2. Okay. Are we seeing the screen there? Bob Miller 00:20:01 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:20:02 So, this is a map that we made. Bob Miller 00:20:05 And by the way, this is not… All-inclusive of all the things we look at, but we believe this is a core issue. So, where we’re going to start here, there’s something called the microglia. And the microglia are glial cells. They’re in the brain and the central nervous system. And they’re very interesting little creatures, because most of the time, and this is just a drawing of what they sort of look like. Most of the time, they’re in what’s called the M2 anti-inflammatory mood. What that means, these little guys pick up dirt, debris, Recycle them. Turns on an enzyme called interleukin-10 that’s anti-inflammatory. And just kind of does general housekeeping. And just kind of does general housekeeping. However, when a trigger comes along. However, when a trigger comes along. They… it’s the same glial cell, but it moves over to a very pro-inflammatory enzyme. A pro-inflammatory glial cell. And it triggers these 3 enzymes, Actually, these four. That are pro-inflammatory. Tumor necrosis vector alpha, Interleukin-6. NF Kappa B, Inos. Now, these create inflammation. So you might think, well, why is that good? Well, if you have some foreign invader, virus, bacteria coming in, parasite. If you didn’t have these guys coming to the rescue, you would just die of infection. So, these guys are your friend unless they’re your worst enemy. Because TNFA, and we’ll show you when we actually do a demo account, TNFA can be overactive. So, in other words, it over-responds. Interleukin-6 can be overactive. And if Kappa-B can be overactive. The INOS, and I’ll explain each of these as we go through a demo, can be overactive. Now, what that means is, you’re very good at killing virus and bacteria. But this is where autoimmune disease comes in, and just inflammatory conditions. Now, this is just speculation, but we think what happened is, as you know. Thousands of years ago, we didn’t have refrigeration, we didn’t have sewer, we didn’t have pure water, and we didn’t have antibiotics. So, if you made it to 40, you were an old-timer, because everybody was dying of infection. So, what we believe happened is, by what’s called natural selection, Having these overactive. A thousand years ago was to your advantage. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:22:32 But now… We have pure water, we have refrigeration, we have sewers, we have antibiotics. But now we have environmental factors that are stimulating them. Now it’s to our disadvantage. And we’ll talk about that a little bit as it relates to the hemochromatosis genes and maybe the G6PD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:48 Yep. Bob Miller 00:22:49 Now, why are we becoming so inflamed? Let’s look at the triggers. Now, one of my, favorite expressions is. I was born all the way back in 1954. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:01 And it was a different world back then. Bob Miller 00:23:05 These are some of the triggers. And we’ll get into these, but right now, high fructose corn syrup, And the high-fat diet. High fructose corn syrup only came about in 1968. So now we’re being exposed to high fructose corn syrup. Then… we didn’t have these, these viruses like COVID. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:26 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:23:27 Now, there’s now pretty strong evidence that COVID Was actually, you know, made as a gain of function. It’s debated, and I’m not taking an opinion on it, but there’s some people who believe Lyme disease was also a part of experimentation. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:40 Go. Bob Miller 00:23:41 Then we have molds, and it appears as though mold is getting stronger. you know, 20 years ago, when I was seeing folks, mold wasn’t on the radar. I would say 7 out of the 10 folks we speak to today have mold problems. Yeah, 20 years ago, we talked more about mold allergy being an issue versus mold toxicity being an issue. Right. So… I know some folks are, you know, speculating what’s happening, but one of the theories out there is that EMF is strengthening mold. I don’t know if you ever heard that theory, and I don’t… Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:13 I have. Bob Miller 00:24:14 I’m not claiming it’s true, but it’s an interesting theory. Then even, you know, your black mold from water-damaged buildings. Then our air pollution is getting worse. We’re getting more toxic metals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:26 You know, if we have a… Bob Miller 00:24:27 You know, we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking, smearing aluminum into our armpits? The, what were we doing putting mercury in our teeth? Then, you know, glyphosate. When I was a kid, there was no glyphosate. So, all of these herbicides and pesticides. Polychlorinated biphenols, And then EMF. So, we love our cell phones, you know, and I think unless you, or in the middle of the desert, or down in a cave, you’re being exposed to EMF somewhere. So, you know, we have our cell phones with us, we have, We have Wi-Fi, the towers are everywhere. And we don’t know long-term, but we may find that this can… this creates some inflammation. And I don’t know if you get any folks, but do you have any folks that have… are they EMF sensitive? Dr. Deb Muth 00:25:16 Oh yeah, we have a whole bunch of them. Bob Miller 00:25:18 Yeah, and then if you have any TBIs, So, plenty of things here. that will stimulate into the microglia, M1. Now, you could say, well. We’re all pretty much exposed to the same thing. Why do some people get hit harder than others? So here’s where we’re gonna start. There’s an enzyme called Nrf2 and RF2. And Nrf2 is the enzyme that senses when there’s inflammation. And turns on hundreds of anti-inflammatory enzymes. We’ll show when we do the demo, you can have genetic weakness on NERF2. And NERF2 inhibits and slows down microglia M1. supports M2. Now, if it’s not complicated enough, there’s an enzyme called KEEP1. And KEEP1 inhibits NRF2. And you can actually have gain of function on keep 1, that makes Keap 1 stronger. So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:26:32 Suppressing Nrf2, nerve 2 might be weak. So, nobody’s putting the brakes on, M1. And by the same token, Nerve 2 supports M2. Then there’s a process called mTOR and autophagy. mTOR stands for mammalian tard of rapamycin, the growth of new cells. And then autophagy, taking our dead cells and recycling them. We need a balance between the two of them. If we didn’t have mTOR, the sperm and the egg would never become the baby, the baby would never become the adult, we wouldn’t make new cells. But our cells are constantly, you know, the old cells dying off. Autophagy is where we take that debris from the cell and recycle it, just like a farmer Plows the crop under at the end of the year. The dead plant then becomes the fuel for the spring, your dead cell becomes the fuel for the spring, and that’s autophagy. So we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking? We give our animals growth hormones so they get fatter faster. Oh my. So, we consume those animals, and inventory runs faster. Now, for anybody who’s, You know, maybe above 40, 45 years old. Think back when you were 12, and what did girls look like? They were primarily flat-chested little girls. Now they look like 16-year-olds. Because environmentally, we’re jacking up mTOR. So, mTOR stimulates microglia M1, suppresses microglia M2. Probably 80% of the folks we visit with. This is the part of the problem. NRF2 is weak. mTOR is strong. Environmental factors come along. And this guy gets carried away. He doesn’t do that burst and move back. Stays here. We’re calling that How environmental factors create a locked-in, pro-inflammatory. and neurotoxic phenotype. In other words, once it starts, it just keeps… Feeding upon itself. Alright, so what happens now when microglia is overactive. it triggers these 3 enzymes, TNFA, N of kappa B, And interleukin-6. Each one of these can have genetics that make them run stronger. Then it stimulates an enzyme called NLRP3, Which makes what are called inflammasomes. Now, guess what inflammasomes can be? Your best friend or your worst enemy? Because they will, if you’ve got, again, a virus or bacteria, or possibly even some bad cells in the body. They will zap them. Well, that’s good. Unless it’s overactive. Unless it’s overactive. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. Anxiety, gut inflammation, OCD, ADD, autism. And, you know, glutamate, we’ll talk about that a little bit, but glutamate makes you intelligent, highly motivated go-getter. but can also be excitatory. And then, look what it does. Let’s see, do I have the drawing tool here? Yes, I do. Okay. So, it comes down through here, Makes the glutamate. Comes back up through here. through the ADORA 2A enzyme, Then we’ve got a feedback loop that feeds upon itself. Then, through interleukin-18, we make histamine. and mast cells. And then through histamine receptor site number 1, we come back and spin it. And now you’ve just got this spinning feedback loop. So, the glutamate will make you anxious, the histamine will give you allergies and make you anxious. And you’re allergic to everything, and you’re feeling horrible. Now, it doesn’t end there, Dr. Dad. It then goes on to make something called gast dermins that creates pyroptosis, where it actually starts punching a hole in the cell membrane. And you’re only going to be as healthy as your cells are. Just a little background. You know, we’re made up of trillions of cells, and each one of them has what’s called a lipid bilayer, made from lipids, which comes from fats. And you’re only going to be as healthy as those membranes are. So that’s why we coined an interesting phrase. Cellular CPR. Construct the cell. Protect the cell. And restore the cell membrane. And we believe that’s going to be revolutionary in the functional medicine world. So… It’s not hard to figure out that if you start punching holes in the cell membrane, that’s not a good thing, okay? Bob Miller 00:31:22 Now… There’s an interesting molecule called NAD. Thicotide adenoside dinucleotide. And anybody who’s in the, you know, listening to the health podcasts and things, they’re… They’re, they’re learning about NAD. And I’m going to show you a chart later, all the good things that NAD does, but For the most part, it helps what’s called sirtuins. And sirtuins are quite interesting. If anybody’s looking at longevity. The sirtuins is where they’re looking at.Because sirtuins turn on good things. Turn off bad things. And I’ll show some charts on that later. So for right here, this sirtuin uses NAD, to slow down NF-kappa-B. CERT 2 uses NAD to slow down an ORP3. So, if we’ve got genetic weakness on these, or we don’t have enough NAD, We don’t hold this pathway back. Make sense? Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:24 Yeah, makes perfect sense. Bob Miller 00:32:25 Now, I’ll show this a little bit later. So, people are like, oh, well, I’m gonna start taking some NAD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:31 Right. Bob Miller 00:32:32 And there’s functional doctors who give NAD intravenous. It was just this morning, I was talking to a woman who said, Oh my gosh. I went and got intravenous NAD, and it took me a month to recover from that. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:45 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:32:46 what happens is, and I’ll show this in a little more detail, there’s an enzyme called CD38, that’s stimulated by NF-kappa-B. And it takes NAD, To make intracellular calcium. that stimulates NLRP3 and actually makes things worse. So, if we have this guy upregulated, and I’ll show a chart what does that. taking NAD will make you worse. Again, when I go into the software, I’ll show you that whole pathway, so… I would encourage people, you know, just don’t go out and start taking massive amounts of NAD, you know, stick your toe in the water, see how you do. Because everything you’ve heard about, how good it is, is true, unless this guy says, oh, thank you very much, let me make more inflammation. Now, this might be part of our innate immune system, that if we have some pathogen that’s gonna kill us. By golly, we want that to happen. But if this is happening by environmental factors, Then it’s detrimental. So the immune system that protected us a thousand years ago now might be turning on us because of the environmental factors that we showed earlier. All right. Then there’s an enzyme called PARP that’s NAD-dependent, and that actually repairs strain breaks in your DNA. Now, the next thing that happens… is there’s an enzyme called NADPH oxidase that gets stimulated. and something called INOS. Now, I’m sure most people know about nitric oxide. It’s a gas that dilates your blood vessels. That’s why sometimes they’ll even give people drugs, nitroglycerin, to boost their nitric oxide. That’s why people are doing beetroots and other things to boost their nitric oxide. But there’s an OS3 enzyme that makes the nitric oxide that’s good for blood flow. But there’s an INOS That makes nitric oxide to kill pathogens. probably might be the third or fourth time I’ve said this. That’s a good thing, unless it isn’t. So, if it’s killing some pathogen, great. It was just misfiring. it combines… With superoxide that’s made by this enzyme, and makes something called peroxynitrite, which is one nasty free radical that chews you up and spits you out. So, the NOx enzyme, NADPH oxidase, uses NADPH, To make this free radical called superoxide. If we have time, we’ll get into it. NADPH is what your body needs to recycle your antioxidants.So, I coined the phrase, the NADPH steel. Where the NOX enzyme takes this very important NADPH, And rather than being useful, makes superoxide. Now, again, is that fine if you’ve got some bacteria to kill? Of course. But if it’s just chronically running, it’s just making all this chronic inflammation. Then it makes something called hydrogen peroxide. And we need to clear hydrogen peroxide by 3 enzymes, catalase, thyroid reduction. And glutathione peroxidase. If we have genetic issues on here, or we don’t have the cofactors. There’s something called the Fenton reaction, discovered in 1895 by Dr. Fenton. Where hydrogen peroxide combines with iron to make what are called hydroxyl radicals. And guess what they do? They create lipid peroxides, That damages your cell membranes. Now, again, the body’s pretty darn amazing. We have glutathione, And here’s where your body’s taking glutathione and recycling it. But look who’s needed to recycle it. NADPH. So, if this guy up here is chewing it up, We don’t recycle our glutathione. And then an enzyme called glufon peroxidase 4, Takes this damaged lipid and repairs it. So, here we’ve got this protecting, we want to protect it by not having this happen. But then we also need this guy to do the restoration. So, there’s a lot that can go wrong in here, Dr. Deb. Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:07 There’s a lot that could go wrong. And I can imagine some of my listeners are thinking that lipid peroxidase, is that the same thing as what they’re thinking of when we talk about lipids and cholesterol? Is that the same process that’s happening there? Bob Miller 00:37:22 Well, no, no, the lipids can be used to make cholesterol, but here we’re talking about where they’re going to build the cell membrane. And they’re being… and they’re being, destroyed. If anybody would like to see a visual representation of this, just go on YouTube. And type in, ferrooptosis Animation. cool little video, it’s about 3 minutes long, and it shows the lipids coming over, being oxidized, and now GPX4 fixes them, so… YouTube, Pharaoptosis Animation, cute little video. It’s just that really… Shows vividly what we’re… what we’re talking about here. Now, this is… Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:59 And so this is very common, too. Like, a lot of people do hydrogen peroxide IVs. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:04 And so, if somebody doesn’t know their genetics, they could have a problem with doing those, just like they could doing the NADHIVs, correct? Bob Miller 00:38:13 Sure, yeah, yeah, yeah. So, I’ve talked to so many, you know, of course, the hydrogen peroxide kills pathogens. I mean, that’s what it does. So… but I’ve spoken to so many people that said. I had one client that said they’ve never been the same after having one hydrogen peroxide infusion. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:30 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:38:31 Yeah. So… it can be… I see why people use it, because it. Bob Miller 00:38:36 pathogens, But on the other hand. And now’s a good time to speak about… I don’t have it on here, but there’s a, there’s an enzyme called the HFE gene. And that is what causes you to absorb iron. And there’s mutations in it that cause something called hemochromatosis. Were you overabsorb iron? Now, true hemochromatosis is when both parents give you a mutation. But there’s now growing evidence even a heterozygous can cause a little bit more iron absorption, not to the human chromatosis point, but overabsorption. So, if you overabsorb iron, And you have too much hydrogen peroxide that’s not cleared, All kinds of inflammation. Now, what’s happened is sometimes this inflammation Will damage the red blood cells. And some well-meaning doctor says, oh, you need some iron. And they take iron and it makes it worse. So, can’t tell you how many people I’ve said, you’ve got the overabsorption of iron, and they say, well, that can’t be right, because I’m low in iron. Well, that could be because it’s being chewed up here. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:40 Sure. GPX1 and TXN turn it into, to water. The, catalase turns it into water and oxygen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:58 Now, I see a lot of my clients who have mutations or SNPs on that GPX gene, on that glutathione gene. And they really struggle to clear a lot of their toxins. Bob Miller 00:40:12 Sure. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:14 Yeah, absolutely. Well, GPX4. Bob Miller 00:40:18 is what, repairs, but you can see GPX1 Is what uses glutathione. To turn hydrogen peroxide. So, but it all depends upon having enough glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:30 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:40:31 Well, guess who controls making a glutathione? Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:34 Nerf 2. Bob Miller 00:40:37 So, if you have a keep one weakness, or strength to two… I’m sorry, keep one is too strong. Nrf2 is too weak. You don’t make glutathione. So, when a lot of people do that, it’s like, well, I’m gonna take glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:51 Right. Bob Miller 00:40:52 And some do great, and some do poorly. You know, because… and I’ll show this on one of the other charts. You can see here that the, The glutathione has to be recycled. And if we don’t recycle it, it actually turns into superoxide free radical. So… NADPH are the cofactors, For taking the oxidi… here’s oxidized glutathione, here’s reduced. So, this is a good glutathione. After it does its job, you can see it becomes oxidized.We need to recycle it. Well, if we have weakness on the enzyme that does that, or a weakness in Nrf2, or not enough NADPH. The oxidized glutathione never gets recycled. So, I’ve talked to a lot of people who said, oh, glutathione made me so sick, and say, well. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:43 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:41:44 You need it, but you need to recycle it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:46 Can you speak for just a brief moment, too, about MTHFR? That is a very popular gene, it’s all over social media as the major gene, but can you speak to a little bit about that, and how that fits into this whole process of things? Because it is just such a small piece. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:04 understanding genetics. Bob Miller 00:42:06 Yeah, to be honest, it drives me nuts. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:08 Me too. Bob Miller 00:42:11 Alright, so… You know, there are people on social media I won’t say what I think, I’ll be kind. But… But the, And, you know, they might mean well. But they talk about, if you have MTHFR and COMT and PEMT, that’s… oh my goodness, that’s horrible, and we’ll fix that for you, and you’ll be fine. Bob Miller 00:42:36 it just irritates me to no end. And it really could get anybody who’s doing this legitimately in trouble. I mean, I’m afraid someday, you know, there might be some cracking down on this kind of nonsense. Now, to answer your question about MTHFR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:51 I mean, it really is, but I’ll tell you what, why don’t we hold that thought until I go to another map and I can actually… Okay. Bob Miller 00:42:56 But the real… the cliff notes is the MTHFR puts a methyl group on your folate, which is needed, but it has gotten way, way, way too much attention. And people learn they have MTHFR, and they start taking a multivitamin with methylfolate, then they take a B vitamin with methylfolate. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:13 And they’re pushing it too hard. Bob Miller 00:43:15 Yeah. So I can’t tell you how many people I’ve helped by saying, stop it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:20 Yeah, take less of it. Bob Miller 00:43:21 Take less of it, yeah. So, yeah. Yeah, there’s a… If somebody, say, ranked the enzymes at their level of importance, MTHFR might be 40 or 50 on a scale of 100, you know. Keep one Nerf two. big deals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:40 deals. Bob Miller 00:43:41 NQO1 that I didn’t even talk about yet, NQO1, takes your, NA… your NAD goes into NADH, To make electrons for the electron transport chain. you need NQ01 to bring that back. If that’s not working, and I’ll show you on the NAD map how disastrous that can be. Now, the next piece is here, and I think You know, if you talk to any school teachers and say, if you’ve taught for more than 10 years, how are the kids today? Every one of them says, more ADD, ADHD, more autism. Just look at human beings, we’ve never been so agitated. You know, everybody, and it might be a social media thing, but people take a position on something, and if anybody doesn’t share that position, they view them as the enemy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:29 And it’s kind of scary what’s happening to us. Bob Miller 00:44:33 So, we can’t agree to disagree anymore. We see anybody who has a differing opinion as the enemy. And, you know, there was… there’s people that didn’t have Christmas dinners together, because they had political differences, like… Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:44 Excuse me. Bob Miller 00:44:45 can’t you put your political differences aside to have Christmas together, you know? Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:49 Right? Bob Miller 00:44:50 become that, you know, no matter what your position is, and I’m not saying anyone’s right or wrong, I’m just saying. You know, in the old days, they used to say that the Republicans and Democrats in Congress would argue policy and then go have dinner together. And now everybody’s all up in arms, angry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:05 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:45:06 So… There’s likely multiple reasons for that. But let me show you one of them. That, you know, to what degree this is… very important, we don’t know, but I think We’re beginning to believe this is very important. So, there’s something… there’s a neurotransmitter called GABA. And God buys the don’t worry, relax, be happy. Chill. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:31 Nobody has enough of that anymore. Bob Miller 00:45:33 Well, yeah, you’ll be surprised what I’m gonna show you. So, let me see if I can find a, Let me see if I can find the right slide here. Let me look for it here. So, there’s something called a GABA receptor site. And here you can see… This is a neuron, and this is where you, The neuron normally is excitatory. However, there’s normally low chloride in the neuron. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:09 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:10 So, GABA itself is neither relaxing. For excitatory, all GABA does, it opens up what’s called a chloride channel. And then chloride, which has a negative charge, will flow into the neuron. Follow me there? Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:26 Yep. Bob Miller 00:46:27 And as it does, it changes this from a positive charge to a negative charge, And it’s relaxing. and inhibitory. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:34 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:36 Now, on the other hand, there’s enzymes called NKCC1, That will push chloride in. and KCC2 that will bring chlor… oops and bring chloride out. And then there’s a sodium channel. And, sodium has a positive charge. And glutamate will push that in. So, as long as this is happening. And GABA says, receptor sites, open, chloride goes in, Chill. However, If NKCC1 Pushes extra chloride in. KCC2 doesn’t pull it out. and GABA hits the receptor site, the GABA comes flowing out, Sodium comes in, And now it’s excitatory. So Gabba didn’t change. GABA just opened the receptor site, that’s all it does. Dr. Deb Muth 00:47:33 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:47:34 But it’s the chloride balance that’s going to determine whether this is relaxing or not. Now, these are the things that go along with when they lose that KCC2 or gain NKCC1. Pain and sensitivity, burning electrical, neuropathic pain. Normal touch hurts. Sound and light sensitivity. Tinnitus can flare. Headaches and migraines. Seizure tendency. Body jolts. Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, startle reflex. Trouble falling asleep, non-restorative sleep. Anxiety, stress, reactivity, that’s what we have now. Hyperarousal, panic-like surges, irritability, racing thoughts. Brain fog, slowed processing, working memory slip-ups. Mental fatigue. Episodes of racing hearts, sweaty palms, guts on edge. Those are all the things that happen when this GABA switch occurs. Now, here’s what happens, and this is what I’m going to be presenting at an autism conference. When you have a newborn, they need that NKCC dominant to develop. By early childhood, it should… or, sorry, early adulthood. we should move over to the KCC dominant, that’s the taking the chloride out. Nice-looking 25-year-old boys, functioning very well. However, when we get microglia M1 upregulated. Because of environmental toxins, processed foods, Tylenol, aluminum. they stay in NKCC1 dominant, and there’s ADD, ADHD, Autism, the whole spectrum. because… They’ve not moved over to the… They’ve not moved over to the KCC2. And again, this is caused by… Environmental factors. Stimulating the microglia. And then, interleukin-1, interleukin-18 weakens KCC2, interleukin-1 beta, Strengthens NKCC1. high chloride. We open up the chloride channel, In Rebell Excitatory. So, I think when, When the pediatricians get ahold of this, they’re going to be very excited to know that This could be why we’re seeing such a rise, and not just autism, but ADD, ADHD, anxiety, the whole shit mess. Dr. Deb Muth 00:49:58 thing. Bob Miller 00:49:59 Yeah, so… and you can see NF-kappa-B stimulates that. These stimulate it, and I think that’s why everyone’s getting so anxious. Now, there’s a little bit more to it, and we’ll get into this when we look at some of the maps, but… The, the glutamate, Which is excitatory. will stimulate the NMDA receptor, make more glutamate, And glutamate will inhibit KCC2. And then we also need an astrocyte To, take both ammonia And glutamate, and… Turn them back into glutamine. And I’m going to talk to you a little bit about arachidenic acid, and if we have too much arachidenic acid. or TNFA is upregulated, that doesn’t happen. Ammonia goes up, and there may be multiple reasons for this, but this is a reason why some of the autistic kids do flapping. Dr. Deb Muth 00:50:49 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:50:50 Because they’re not clearing their ammonia. And you can tell if somebody has high ammonia by… they get that old person smell, you know. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:00 Yup. Bob Miller 00:51:01 your vehicle cycle’s not taking out the, the ammonia. Now, last pathway here. There’s growing interest in mast cell activation. So, back here, we talked about peroxynitride. And that will stimulate mast cells, and those are white blood cells that are your best friend, unless they’re your worst enemy. Then it’ll make histamine. And there’s enzymes called histidine decarboxylase that’ll make more. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:28 I’m sure everybody’s heard of DAO, the enzyme that degrades histamine. Yep. Bob Miller 00:51:31 We can have genetic weakness, we don’t make that. There’s an enzyme called histamine and methyltransferase, That, That breaks down the histamine. Then if we don’t do that, it’ll get stuck in the histamine receptor site. And then it’ll make something called, renin. Which will cause angiotensinogen to turn into angiotensin. One, that turns into angiotensin II,And that’s where people make aldosterone, where they’ll get the, The swollen ankles and high blood pressure. But interestingly, there’s an enzyme called ACE2, that takes this guy and turns it into angiotensin 1-7, Which is anti-inflammatory and also inhibits… TNFA. Now, you can have weakness on ACE2, But… and anybody’s saying, that sounds familiar? Dr. Deb Muth 00:52:25 That’s where COVID comes in, using ACE2. Bob Miller 00:52:28 And now we just found there’s literature that if you get COVID long enough, it can actually make ACE2 not be able to work as well. So look what it does. It comes down here, stimulates the NADPH oxidase, More superoxide. More peroxynitrite. And we’re on a cycle here. We’ve actually named this the Home Cycle Hypothesis, the proposed feed-forward loop. That just keeps feeding on itself. All being caused by… Primarily, The environmental factors. But hitting those who have genetic weakness the hardest. That’s why. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:08 To the people. Bob Miller 00:53:09 Don’t live in a moldy house. One person is sick as can be, and the other person says, well, you must be imagining things, because I don’t feel anything. Dr. Deb Muth Yeah. Same thing with long haul, right? Two people can both get sick, one gets sick and never seems to recover, and somebody else gets sick, and they have absolutely no problems with it at all. Bob Miller 00:53:30 Sure. Well, think about it, if you get COVID, and ACE2 is weak, and some of this other stuff is going on. This thing just starts feeding upon itself. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:38 Keep creating more inflammation, more complications, nothing’s calming down. Bob Miller 00:53:43 Yeah. Now, you, you ask about, MTHFR. So, this is the, this is the, the software called Functional Genomic Analysis. There’s a demo report we have. So, let’s talk a little bit about, MTHFR. So, we actually have a map called a methylation map. Now, what happens is, when you do your saliva test, you, you know, you spit, you put some saliva. in a collection kit, goes to a lab, takes out the DNA data, sends it to the computer, and now you can actually see it visually. Okay. So, it’s gonna take a second for this, data to load up, it’s, and each of these Circles, each of these ovals, is an enzyme. And the data gets loaded up to see where it is. So, until it gets loaded up here, I didn’t preload this. There it goes. So… The primary thing about methylation is There’s a nasty substance called homocysteine that, if it’s too high, can really be detrimental. The body takes methylfolate, and combines with methyl B12, To bring this back up to methionine. And then through the MAT genes, we make SAMI, S-adml methionine. Which is involved in so many processes. Then after it does its thing, it turns back into homocysteine. And this thing needs to keep spinning around. That’s why, you know, it’s a good idea to keep homocysteine at, do you have a number that you’d like? 7, 8? What do you like for a number? Dr. Deb Muth 00:55:24 Yeah, I like mine below 7. Bob Miller 00:55:26 Yeah. So if the homocysteine goes too high. It, caused all kinds of problems. So, here’s where you ask about the MTHFR. So, here you can see on this individual. I click on MTHFR, and you can see it comes up here, here’s the C677. And you can see here where it says, variants. I’ll… I’ll draw in case somebody’s having a hard time seeing that. So, you can see there’s nothing in there. That means there’s no genetic mutations. If one parent would have given a mutation, there’d be a 1. If both parents did, there’d be a 2. Now, here’s why Yes, methylation is important, I’m not saying it isn’t important, but look at this MTHFRC677. In my software. Only 42.5% of the population does not have a mutation. 44.7% have won. 12.9 have 2. So, this isn’t some rare, oh my god, I’m gonna die… Kind of thing, yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:27 Right. Bob Miller 00:56:28 So, And then what happens is that, and again, I’m not dismissing methylation, I… we could do a whole show on methylation. Bob Miller 00:56:36 get it. But I think that what people are doing is they’re, they’re learning about MTHFR, they get it measured, they panic. They start taking massive amounts of methylfolate, which many times is to their detriment. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:50 Well, it’s… and isn’t it true, too, with MTHFR, like, you have to also look at MTR, MTRR, and the more we stack up of those, the more complicated than MTHFR can be. It’s not… it’s not as simple as just saying MTHFR 677 versus 1298. It’s more complex than that, kind of like what you’ve already shown with some of the other things. There’s more to it than just that one little sliver. Bob Miller 00:57:17 Oh, sure, well, let’s take a look. So, remember I said there’s a cofactor? One of the cofactors is called FAD. Just a Bob Miller observation, that’s all. But when people have trouble with their riboflavin and they don’t have enough FAD, They’re doing much worse than people who have just a C677. So, right here, you could have perfect C677th. And if you don’t have the cofactor, it’s not gonna work, okay? Dr. Deb Muth 00:57:48 And as you said, there’s an MTR enzyme. Bob Miller 00:57:51 that takes methylfolate and methyl B12, to spin it around. So, here on this individual. here’s your… here’s your B vitamins, or I’m sorry, your B12s. There’s an enzyme called TCN1 that takes it from the stomach into the blood. Then there’s other enzymes that take it from the blood into the tissue. And if you’re having trouble here. Well, then you’re not going to have this working, so… Even if you don’t have MTHFR, And you have MTR, like this, no, I’m sorry, this person doesn’t. But they have the MTRR, and then they don’t have enough B12, this isn’t gonna work, aside from that. And then there’s a middle pathway. And then there’s enzymes called the MAT1. they take the methionine to the salmon. If that’s not working, we stick… we get stuck in methionine. So, it’s, it’s not just an MTHFR. And then, one of the things that people forget about. is through these CBS enzymes and CTH, We make cysteine, which is needed to make glutathione. The master antioxidant. So, it really is that… I call it the, The 3D chess game played underwater. Dr. Deb Muth 00:59:07 It really is. I mean, I see people who have CVS, COMT, glutathione, MGHFR genes. And some of them function just fine. Like, they have Like, I look at this person and I’m like, oh my gosh, I don’t know how they’re functioning because they’re double mutated on so many pathways, but yet they don’t have a lot of symptoms, they don’t have a lot of complications. Somehow their body has figured out a way to adapt to what it has so it can stay alive and it can function at a high functioning level. Bob Miller 00:59:36 Yeah, and they may be, you know, eating right? Yeah. Staying out of a moldy house. reducing stress. So, it’s diet, it’s stress, it’s genetics, environmental factors. So, yeah, we can’t just say somebody’s gonna be good or somebody’s gonna be bad. You know, some people get scared, oh, I got all these, it’s like, well… Bob Miller 00:59:56 Are you living in a moldy house? You know, and if you live in a moldy house and your glucuronidation pathway doesn’t do well, or if you’re, you know, a smoker, or you’re constantly eating junk food, I mean, all. Bob Miller 01:00:07 things come together. Although, you know, when we focus on genetics, we’re well aware that this is just a piece of it. You know, you could have identical twins, Genetically, and if one… Is exposed to mold and smokes and drinks and stressed out. They’re gonna be a whole lot sicker than their sibling. Bob Miller 01:00:28 Yep. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:29 Yeah, it’s that concept of taking twins, and one gets raced with one family, and one gets raced with another family, and they don’t have the same… problems that… that each other have, you know? It’s a very unique situation, we don’t think about that enough. Bob Miller 01:00:44 Alright, so again, genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. So, if you’ve got a loaded gun, but you don’t have the triggers, you’re okay. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:53 Yeah. Bob Miller 01:00:54 Yeah. So, remember I said I was going to talk about NAD? So, here’s NAD, and what it does, it turns into NADH. And what NADH does, it, Comes down this pathway, what’s called the electron transport chain. And that makes your ATP, that’s your energy. So, if this wasn’t working, we wouldn’t be alive, because we wouldn’t have energy. So it donates an electron, that’s why it’s called electron transport chain. So, we need NAD, To make this, to make the energy. But remember I said that NQ01, this would probably be, like, on my top 10 list of… Bob Miller 01:01:36 Much more important than MTHFR. This one takes NADH back to NAD. If we’re stuck over here, We’re low in this NAD+, But what happens is, NQO1 also provides CoQ10. And CoQ10 Is what’s needed for the electron transport chain to flow. So if we get too many electrons up here. And they don’t turn them into energy. They make a nasty free radical called superoxide. Okay. Now, NAD plus also makes NADPH, And that is needed. Remember I said we need to recycle our antioxidants. So, if we have a problem with FAD from riboflavin. Yeah, we don’t have enough NADPH, Glutathione’s not getting recycled, and you’re gonna be inflamed. And you take glutathione, you’ll feel worse. There’s another enzyme called thimoredoxin. Same thing, needs NADPH and FAD. And same way with your nitric oxide, there’s an enzyme called NOS3, That makes the nitric oxide that dilates your blood vessels. And if we don’t have enough NADPH or fat, You’re gonna make superoxide. Rather than nitric oxide. Now, remember

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Mason Carter, Frederick County Council Member for District 5, for a discussion on the issues shaping the county's future. While data centers continue to dominate much of the public conversation, Bob pressed Carter on what he believes is the single biggest issue facing Frederick County. Carter didn't hesitate, pointing to Route 15 and the need to widen the heavily congested corridor. He agreed that many state leaders in Annapolis don't experience the daily traffic frustrations that local residents do, making it difficult for them to fully understand the urgency of the problem. The conversation also touched on the ongoing debate surrounding data centers, with Carter sharing his perspective on the opportunities and concerns tied to future development in the county.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Melissa Wintringham and Clark Kline, Creative Director of the SilverVox Film & Music Festival, to talk about one of the most exciting new events coming to downtown Frederick this summer. The pair shared details about the inaugural SilverVox Film & Music Festival, taking place June 18-21, 2026, featuring multiple days of live music, independent films, special guests, and creative experiences spread across more than 10 walkable venues throughout downtown Frederick. From the historic Weinberg Center for the Arts to New Spire Arts, the festival aims to showcase the best in film, music, and the arts while bringing visitors from across the region to Frederick.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Tony Peterson, minister of Living Water Shower Ministry, to talk about the incredible work the organization is doing for those experiencing homelessness in Frederick County. Based in Walkersville, the ministry operates a mobile 6-stall shower trailer, providing a simple but essential service: access to clean showers and personal hygiene. Founded by individuals who have experienced homelessness themselves, Living Water Shower Ministry is dedicated to restoring dignity, offering compassion, and helping meet the everyday needs of some of our most vulnerable neighbors. Tony shared how the ministry got started, the impact it's having in the community, and how people can support its mission.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Arnold Farlow, the outgoing director of the Frederick Rescue Mission, to discuss the organization's impact on the community and his years of service helping those in need. Farlow shared how the Frederick Rescue Mission provides food, shelter, addiction recovery services, and hope to thousands of people throughout the region. Operating entirely on private donations with no government funding, the Mission has become a lifeline for individuals and families facing some of life's toughest challenges. He also reflected on the organization's Christ-centered mission and the dedicated staff, volunteers, and supporters who make the work possible.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Jeff Monosso of Fox News Radio to talk about the major buzz surrounding Ferrari’s first-ever fully electric supercar. The two discussed how the legendary automaker appears to be stepping away from its traditional roaring supercar roots and why the unveiling has sparked such strong reactions online — especially over the vehicle’s controversial design. Is this the future of high-performance luxury cars… or has Ferrari lost its identity? Bob and Jeff broke down the debate and what it could mean for the future of the auto industry.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Leslie Schultz, Executive Director of SOAR — Supporting Older Adults through Resources, Inc., to talk about the many ways the organization helps support the senior community in Frederick County. Leslie shared information on the services and resources SOAR provides to older adults and caregivers, along with details on their upcoming Resource & Education Fair happening tomorrow at Frederick Community College. The event is designed to connect seniors and families with valuable programs, health information, and community support all in one place.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Eben Brown of Fox News Radio to discuss the latest escalation involving the United States and Iran after renewed U.S. strikes in the region. The conversation focused on Iran’s leadership warning that American military bases in the Middle East are “no longer safe,” while U.S. officials maintain the country is not backing down in the face of those threats. Eben broke down the rapidly developing situation, the rising tensions across the region, and what the latest moves could mean for U.S. troops and global stability moving forward.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Michael O'Connor, Mayor of the City of Frederick, for a conversation about the city’s budget and the ongoing discussion surrounding downtown parking. Mayor O’Connor explained how parking revenue works within the city, where those funds are allocated, and how it ties into maintaining and improving downtown Frederick. The two also discussed broader budget priorities and the balancing act of supporting growth while keeping city services running smoothly.

Larry Robinson was the cornerstone of the Montreal Canadiens' blue line during one of the greatest dynasties in NHL history, and the 1975–76 season was where he truly announced himself to the hockey world. He had already been part of the 1973 Cup-winning team, but it was the 1976 Stanley Cup Final against the Philadelphia Flyers where Robinson really made his mark. The Flyers were the feared Broad Street Bullies — a team that had built its identity around intimidation and physical play — and Robinson essentially said, not today. He scored a key goal early in the series and was so punishing with his body checking that, as Ken Dryden remembered it, "they had to bring hammers and crowbars to fix the dent in the boards." Scotty Bowman's Canadiens swept Philadelphia in four games, and Robinson's performance was so dominant that he ended up on the cover of Sports Illustrated on May 24, 1976, photographed delivering a check on Flyers forward Mel Bridgman. And that was really just the start of it. Robinson went on to lead Montreal to four Stanley Cups between 1976 and 1979, cementing the Canadiens as the defining team of that era. The season after the Flyers sweep, he put up 19 goals and 66 assists and walked away with the Norris Trophy as the league's best defenseman. He could skate, he could shoot, and he could absolutely flatten you if you got near his crease. For a stretch in the late '70s, there wasn't a more complete defenseman in hockey — and most opponents knew better than to test that. After 17 dominant seasons in Montreal, Robinson finished his playing career with the LA Kings before later returning to the organization as head coach, making him one of the more quietly significant figures in Kings history on both sides of the bench. Nick Nickson spent 44 years as the voice of the LA Kings, becoming as much a part of the franchise as any player who ever laced up at the Forum or Crypto.com Arena. Over that remarkable run he called more than 4,300 professional games and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015, receiving the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award for excellence in broadcasting — putting him in the same company as his longtime Kings broadcast partner Bob Miller. For a generation of Kings fans, Nickson's voice is inseparable from the franchise's biggest moments, including the call of their first-ever Stanley Cup in 2012, when he memorably declared, "The long wait is over! After 45 years, the Kings can wear their crown!" He retired after the 2024–25 season, closing the book on one of the great broadcasting careers in LA sports history — and his appearance on Past Our Prime was a reminder of just how many chapters of hockey history this man lived through firsthand. Nickson comes on POP to talk with Scott, Bill, and Marc to discuss Robinson, the Montreal dynasty, the arrival of Wayne Gretzky in Los Angeles, and what that era meant for hockey on the West Coast as well as the two Cups won by the NHL's only monarchy— the Kings. Nickson had a front row seat for all of it and now he shares those insights with us as we take our weekly look back at the world of sports through the May 24, 1976 issue of Sports Illustrated. 50 years later, Robinson's dominance is still front and center and with the help of Nickson, we relive it all on Past Our Prime…  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by , Republican candidate for Governor of Maryland, for a wide-ranging conversation about the direction of the state and his campaign platform. Cox shared his belief that Maryland has moved in the wrong direction over the last several years, criticizing policies tied to rising energy costs and the overall cost of living. He outlined his platform focused on cutting taxes, expanding school choice, supporting law enforcement, and lowering energy costs through increased competition and in-state power generation. He also discussed his views on parental rights in education and opposition to government health mandates.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Jeff Holtzinger, who is running to become the Republican candidate for Frederick County Executive ahead of the June 23 primary. Holtzinger discussed what he believes differentiates him from fellow Republican candidate Diane Fouché, outlining his vision and priorities for the county. He also shared his thoughts on the county budget and how he would approach spending, growth, and fiscal management if elected.

In this episode of the AgCulture Podcast, Paul sits down with Bob Miller, founder of Miller Hybrids, to unpack what it really takes to build a seed company in an industry dominated by global giants. From his early days in plant breeding to launching his own company in the middle of industry consolidation, Bob shares a perspective that challenges much of how modern seed is developed, tested, and sold.This conversation dives deep into why most seed is bred for “perfect conditions” instead of real farms, how Miller Hybrids tests genetics differently to create more stable performance, and why conventional corn is quietly making a comeback. Bob also breaks down the economics behind traits, the real role of GMOs, and where farmers may be overpaying for protection they don't actually need.If you've ever wondered whether bigger companies actually mean better seed—or what the future of genetics, CRISPR, and farm profitability really looks like—this episode will make you think differently about every seed decision you make.MEET THE GUESTBob Miller is a respected corn breeder and the founder and owner of Miller Hybrids, a family-owned seed company based in Kalona, Iowa.Born on a dairy and crop farm in northwest Ohio, Miller developed an early fascination with corn hybrids and their ability to handle stress and maximize yields. He built a distinguished career as a corn breeder with major seed companies, including Syngenta,where he developed successful commercial inbred lines and hybrids. His work emphasized improved emergence, yield stability, and drought tolerance.In 2005, he founded Miller Hybrids (originally B.O.B. Seeds, standing for "Best of the Best") to create a more hands-on, farmer-focused operation. As owner, president, and research director, Miller leads the company's breeding and testing programs. He develops corn hybrids tailored for the average farm, rigorously testing them across diverse soil types, stress conditions, and real-world environments like corn-on-corn rotations.Miller is deeply committed to empowering farmers. He believes in building reliable products that raise farm averages rather than chasing only top-end yields in ideal conditions. His family company (with his wife Pam) emphasizes personal attention, direct access to the breeder, and genetics that deliver stable, high performance for everyday growers.Through Miller Hybrids, Bob continues his lifelong passion for practical plant breeding, blending decades of industry expertise with the independence of a family business to support American agriculture.To learn more about Miller Hybrids, check out their website: https://www.millerhybrids.com/

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Chuck Jenkins, Sheriff of Frederick County, to talk about how the county is preparing its newest law enforcement recruits. Jenkins explained that Frederick County is now sending new deputies to the Washington County training academy, where recruits go through intense preparation — including experiencing tasers and pepper spray firsthand so they understand the effects before ever using them in the field. The Sheriff also weighed in on Montgomery County bringing back School Resource Officers (SROs) after previously removing them from schools. Jenkins said he’s proud Frederick County has continued supporting SROs and believes they play an important role in building relationships and keeping schools safe.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Mariela Roca, an Air Force veteran running in the Republican primary for Maryland’s 6th Congressional District ahead of the June 23rd primary. Roca discussed why she’s running once again, saying she’s tired of seeing “too much fighting and not enough getting done” in Washington. As a mother and veteran, she shared her concerns about the future of the country and said her experiences inside and outside government have prepared her to step in and get to work on day one. It was a passionate conversation about leadership, service, and the issues she believes matter most to voters in the district.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Tom Coe, Fire Chief of Frederick County, for an important conversation about the challenges and priorities facing the department. Chief Coe discussed his working relationship with Jessica Fitzwater, the upcoming 2026-2027 budget for the county’s 29 fire stations, and how those resources will help support firefighters and emergency services across the region. He also reflected on the recent ceremony honoring fallen firefighters and addressed concerns over the recent rise in apartment building fires in the area.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Chuck Johnson, candidate for Sheriff of Washington County, Maryland, to talk about his campaign and vision for the department. Johnson discussed his background in law enforcement, what inspired him to put his name in the race, and the priorities shaping his platform. From public safety to leadership and community engagement, he shared how his experience as an officer has prepared him for the role and what changes he’d like to bring if elected.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Brian Albert, Sheriff of Washington County, Maryland, for a fascinating conversation covering some major public safety topics. Sheriff Albert reflected on what it was like during the terrifying days when the D.C. sniper was on the loose and how the suspects were ultimately located in Myersville. He also discussed the work being done by the county’s human trafficking task force, explaining how agencies coordinate to investigate and combat these crimes. The conversation also touched on how law enforcement handles arrests during protests and demonstrations. And in a memorable moment, the interview was interrupted by a special call from a local Frederick hero, adding an unexpected and heartfelt twist to the discussion.

Bob and His Sister Pam lost their Mother Marilynn Rives Miller on Tuesday night. Bob shared the loss Wednesday morningSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Thomas Canavan, Chief Operating Officer of the National Law Enforcement Museum, to talk about their new “SNIPER” exhibit now open to the public. Canavan shared what visitors can expect from the exhibit, which explores the history, training, and real-life role of law enforcement snipers, offering a deeper look into the precision, decision-making, and responsibility behind the badge. It’s an educational and eye-opening experience designed to give the public a better understanding of a highly specialized part of policing.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Brad Young, President of the Frederick County Council, for a wide-ranging conversation on some of the biggest issues facing the county. They discussed the Firefighters Memorial events over the weekend, along with the growing legal battle surrounding data centers, with multiple court challenges now in play. Young also addressed questions about whether the county will have input on ballot language if the issue goes to voters, and took on listener concerns — including skepticism about whether data center revenue will actually help lower taxes and why property taxes may rise even when homeowners don’t see changes to their property.

In this episode, Rajka Milanovic Galbraith, MD, dives into nutrigenetics and its transformative impact on mental health and chronic conditions. Using real-life patient stories, Dr. Galbraith illustrates how genetic insights and targeted nutrient support can unlock profound change. We'll explore personalized approaches from thought leaders like Amy Yasko, Ben Lynch, William Walsh, and Bob Miller, discussing practical protocols for methylation, balancing minerals, and managing inflammation. Enroll now in: Precision Protocols Unlocked: Guide to Nutrigenetics & Peptide Mastery, with Rajka Milanovic Galbraith, MD⚡ Learn to integrate genetics, micronutrients, and peptides into patient care.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Michael O'Connor, Mayor of the City of Frederick, for his latest update on key city issues. The Mayor discussed the process of getting the city budget approved, shared the latest on the search for a new Chief of Police — noting a preference to look internally — and expressed excitement about affiliated baseball returning to Frederick with the Frederick Keys reconnecting with the Orioles. He also gave his thoughts on what unfolded over the weekend at the White House Correspondents' Dinner.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Tonya J. Powers of Fox News Radio to break down the latest surrounding the hearing involving a man accused of attempting to assassinate Donald Trump and other officials during the White House Correspondents' Dinner weekend. Tonya walked listeners through a timeline of events, detailing how the situation unfolded and what investigators have uncovered so far. She also provided background on the suspect, Cole Tomas Allen, and what’s emerging about his motives and actions leading up to the incident. It’s a disturbing case with major national attention, and Tonya helped bring clarity to a rapidly developing story.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jesse Pippy to break down the recently concluded Maryland legislative session. Pippy laid it out in three parts — the Good, highlighting no new tax increases; the Bad, focusing on how things played out during the chaotic final hours of Sine Die; and the Ugly, pointing to moments he believes didn’t serve Maryland residents well. It was a candid, no-nonsense recap of what happened in Annapolis and what it means moving forward.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Chuck Jenkins, Sheriff of Frederick County, for a candid conversation about his campaign for re-election and the challenges facing his office. Jenkins spoke openly about his pay remaining unchanged for more than a decade, saying he understands the realities of how local politics work, but also shared his perspective on the value of the role. He also addressed how his department has been impacted by the shutdown of the 287(g) program and new legislation limiting cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, describing how those changes have affected operations and enforcement efforts.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Chris Burnett, Republican candidate for Maryland’s 6th Congressional District, for a wide-ranging conversation on national security and local politics. A former member of the military, Burnett shared his perspective on the ceasefire in Iran coming to an end, discussing what it could mean for stability in the region and U.S. interests moving forward. He also weighed in on the race here at home, offering his thoughts on fellow candidates April McClain Delaney and David Trone, and the role campaign spending is playing in the contest.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Geoff Seidel and Shelley Potter, members of the Common Sense Slate running for the Frederick County Board of Education. They shared their vision for local schools, emphasizing greater parental involvement, increased transparency, and support for school choice options including public, charter, trade, private, and homeschooling. They also raised concerns about how education funding is being used, pointing to what they see as growing bureaucracy while teachers need more support. A major focus of the conversation was student performance, including concerns about math proficiency, and their belief in stronger academic rigor and more focused classroom environments. It was a detailed discussion on the future of education in Frederick County and the direction they believe schools should take.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller checked in with Jessica Rosenthal of Fox News Radio to break down the latest in Washington after Congress passed a 10-day extension of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, pushing the deadline to April 30. Jessica explained how lawmakers hit a stalemate after failing to agree on a longer-term deal, with concerns over privacy protections for Americans driving the divide. The short-term extension keeps the program alive for now — but with the clock ticking, Congress has just days to reach a broader agreement on the future of this key surveillance authority.

As planting season gets underway, this episode looks at considerations for timing and early growing conditions, along with insight into where one seed company sees opportunity in conventional seeds. Agriculture news this week includes soybean disease management guidance, USDA investments in specialty crop programs, and a new cattle dashboard, alongside scrutiny over potential USDA cuts. Additional headlines in today's episode include a confirmed case of New World screwworm near the U.S.-Mexico border, a trade court hearing on President Trump's global tariffs and the latest report from the Association of Equipment Manufacturers on tractor and combine sales. This week's interview is with Millers Hybrids president and owner Bob Miller. He discusses what farmers should consider heading into the growing season, where he sees opportunity in conventional seeds and how recent weather is impacting decisions. While there may be a premium for early planting this fall, a potential frost this weekend could pose risks for already planted corn. Stay connected with us for daily agriculture content on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube, along with our weekly videos!

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Maryland State Senator Bill Folden to break down the close of the Maryland General Assembly’s 2026 legislative session, which adjourned Sine Die on April 13 after a busy final day in Annapolis. Senator Folden shared his thoughts on the session’s biggest developments, including the passage of the Utility RELIEF Act, aimed at lowering electric bills, and the Maryland Voting Rights Act of 2026, which cleared before the midnight deadline. He also discussed other key measures like Kanaiyah’s Law addressing foster care oversight and new legislation tied to data center regulation and energy use. It was a comprehensive look at what lawmakers accomplished — and what it all means for Maryland residents moving forward.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jessica Fitzwater to break down her newly announced $1.14 billion operating and capital budget for fiscal year 2027 — notably with no increase in the tax rate. Fitzwater walked listeners through where the money is going, highlighting key priorities and major investments, including more than $338 million in capital projects across the county. From infrastructure to community needs, she explained how the budget is designed to support growth while maintaining fiscal responsibility.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jared DeMarinis, Maryland’s State Administrator of Elections, to make sure listeners are ready for the upcoming June primaries. DeMarinis walked through everything voters need to know — from registration deadlines and voting options to what to expect at the polls and how to make sure your vote counts. It was a helpful, straightforward guide to navigating the election process and being prepared on primary day.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller was joined by Jonathan Savage of Fox News Radio to break down what unfolded over the weekend during high-stakes peace talks between the U.S. and Iran. Savage explained how JD Vance spent more than 21 hours in face-to-face negotiations with Iranian officials in Pakistan, but ultimately no deal was reached. The talks reportedly broke down over Iran’s refusal to halt its nuclear weapons development, along with ongoing disputes surrounding access to the Strait of Hormuz, which remains restricted. Despite the setback, Jonathan noted this marked a rare moment of direct, high-level diplomacy, with Pakistan helping mediate and urging both sides to maintain a fragile ceasefire. Now, with tensions still high and key issues unresolved, the focus shifts to what comes next and whether talks can resume before the situation escalates further.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Steve McKay, Frederick County Council Member for District 2, to explain what the data center referendum petition is really about. McKay said the core issue comes down to zoning, and how the original decision was structured. He shared his perspective on how the situation developed, how he would have approached it differently, and made it clear he’s not opposed to data centers altogether — but believes there’s a better way to plan and implement them for the community. It was a thoughtful breakdown of a complex and highly debated local issue.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller introduced listeners to Jenn Alcorn, who is running for Frederick County Council District 1. Alcorn shared why she’s stepping into the race and outlined her platform and priorities for the community. She discussed the biggest issues facing Frederick County, including the rising cost of living and the ongoing debate over data centers, offering her perspective on how to balance growth while keeping the county affordable for residents. It was a strong introduction to a candidate looking to make her mark.

Photo: Marcia Lowry outside the federal courthouse in Anchorage on September 8, 2025. She was lead attorney in the class action lawsuit against the Alaska Office of Children’s Services. (Matt Faubion / Alaska Public Media) Judge Sharon Gleason dismissed a federal class-action lawsuit filed against the Alaska Office of Children's Services (OCS) Tuesday. The lawsuit was brought by a national nonprofit working for foster care reforms. Attorneys for the organization alleged Alaska foster children are at risk of harm because of systemic problems that violated federal laws, including the Americans with Disabilities Act and federal child welfare protections. They pointed to high caseloads for caseworkers and an inadequate hiring and training process. About two thirds of kids in out-of-home care in the state are Alaska Native, but Gleason wrote that the attorneys did not prove that any of the foster youth represented were actually harmed. Gleason also questioned the reliability of the evidence presented. Marcia Lowry is attorney and executive director of A Better Childhood, which brought the suit. She calls the dismissal “quite disappointing”. “We did do a trial that involved a lot of evidence that, I think, was largely undisputed about how high the caseloads are in Alaska, about the lack of placement resources for children, about the failure to basically make attempts to remedy that situation.” She says a lot of children in Alaska are not getting benefits they are entitled to under federal law. Lowry says A Better Childhood is not sure yet of its next steps but is considering an appeal. “We have seen dysfunctional child welfare systems really, really change and provide good services to kids, but we have seen that only as a result of litigation.” OCS declined an interview for this story. In a written statement they said they are pleased with the court's decision and the verdict is an opportunity for the office to continue advancing its work. This story was provided by Alaska Public Media's Rachel Cassandra The U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. (Photo: Gabriel Pietrorazio) The U.S. Supreme Court last week spent two hours hearing a landmark case that could upend birthright citizenship. A 19th century ruling on the citizenry of tribal members was at the heart of the Trump administration's defense. KJZZ's Gabriel Pietrorazio has this report. This was the exchange during oral arguments when U.S. Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch pressed Solicitor General John Sauer, who presented the government's case. Sauer: “Yes, yes, so a tribal Indian for example gives up allegiance to…” Justice Gorsuch: “Are tribal members born today birthright citizens?” Sauer: “Uh, I think so – on our test, yes – if they're lawfully domiciled here. I have to think that through, but that's my reaction.” Gorsuch: “I'll take the yes, that's alright.” In an 1884 majority decision, the justices ruled John Elk, a Winnebago man living in Omaha, was not a U.S. citizen in spite of the 14th Amendment – codifying birthright citizenship. “My mother was probably not a United States citizen when she was born in 1923 in Oklahoma.” Bob Miller, who is Eastern Shawnee and with Arizona State University's Indian Legal Clinic, has been teaching this very precedent of Elk v. Wilkins for three decades now. “I disagree completely with the argument that that's analogous to undocumented immigrants and them having children here.” Get National Native News delivered to your inbox daily. Sign up for our daily newsletter today. Download our NV1 Android or iOs App for breaking news alerts. Check out today’s Native America Calling episode Monday, April 6, 2026 – What the ‘conversion therapy’ court decision means for LGBTQ2+ protections

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Brad Young, President of the Frederick County Council, to break down the latest in the ongoing data center debate. Young discussed the referendum effort to overturn the county’s December 2025 vote approving more than 2,600 acres for data center development near Adamstown, as the Frederick County Board of Elections works to validate petition signatures. He also addressed the concerns driving opposition — including noise, environmental impact, and energy demand — and how the situation could evolve if the issue heads to a public vote.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed back his former co-host Ryan Hedrick, now a correspondent with WIBC News, to talk all things Final Four weekend in Indianapolis. Ryan shared what it’s been like covering the excitement in Indy and previewed the championship matchup between UConn and Michigan, breaking down the atmosphere, storylines, and what fans can expect in the title game.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jeff Monosso of Fox News Radio to break down a developing story out of Ohio, where residents are pushing for a 2026 constitutional amendment to ban new large data centers. The proposal targets facilities using more than 25 megawatts of power, with supporters citing concerns over energy use, water consumption, and land impact. Jeff explained that organizers now have 90 days to gather signatures to get the measure on the November ballot, and why this issue is gaining traction — not just in Ohio, but in communities across the country.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jessica Fitzwater for a wide-ranging conversation on the data center referendum and the latest developments. Fitzwater discussed the Board of Elections decision to move forward with verifying the more than 22,000 petition signatures, as well as concerns from some County Council members about the language in the charter amendment. They also touched on other big topics, including the possibility of the Frederick Keys reconnecting with the Orioles organization and her thoughts on a potential cricket stadium coming to Frederick. It was a packed conversation covering growth, sports, and the future of the county.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Michael O'Connor, Mayor of the City of Frederick, for a wide-ranging update on key city issues. They discussed the latest on Frederick Keys stadium upgrades, the ongoing search for a new Chief of Police, and efforts to improve ADA compliance in downtown Frederick. The Mayor also addressed questions about unspent funds from city rental agreements and how those dollars could be used moving forward.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jamie Shopland, candidate for Frederick County Council District 2, to talk about her vision for the future of the county. Shopland outlined her focus on creating “lovable,” accessible communities, emphasizing the need to expand housing options, cut red tape, and improve infrastructure to support a growing population. She also highlighted her passion for accessibility and inclusion, drawing on her background in special education advocacy, and discussed priorities like housing affordability for seniors and young people, resilient infrastructure investment, faster permitting, and protecting environmental and agricultural land. It was a thoughtful conversation centered on growth, balance, and community-first planning.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller got an unexpected call-in from Steve McKay, Frederick County Council Member, who wanted to make his stance clear on the data center referendum petition now under review. McKay reacted as the Frederick County Board of Elections moves forward with counting and verifying more than 22,000 submitted signatures, well above the 15,611 needed to potentially get the issue on the ballot. He shared his thoughts on the process, the stakes for the county, and what this could mean as officials determine whether the petition ultimately qualifies for a public vote.

Bob Miller is a longtime resident of Casselton. The airport south of town holds his name. He talks about his history and love of Casselton.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Jeff Monosso of Fox News Radio to break down the latest from Washington as confirmation hearings get underway for President Trump’s pick to lead the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Oklahoma Senator Johnwayne Mullin. Jeff shared what’s happening inside the hearings, the key issues being raised, and what lawmakers are focusing on as they evaluate the nomination. It’s a critical role with major national security implications, and Jeff helped put the process — and what comes next — into clear perspective.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Danielle Adams, Executive Director of the Frederick County Building Industry Association, to talk about the Frederick Home and Garden Expo happening all weekend long at the Frederick Fairgrounds. Danielle shared what attendees can expect—from home improvement ideas and landscaping inspiration to local vendors, experts, and plenty of ways to kickstart your next project. Whether you're planning a renovation or just looking for ideas, it’s shaping up to be a great event for homeowners and families alike.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Phyllis York, Executive Director of the Empowering Community Leaders Network, to talk about the incredible work their nonprofit is doing right here in Frederick County. Founded in 2014 by Phyllis and Dr. Lorenzo York, the organization empowers middle school girls through its S.W.A.G. program — Sisters Wholesome Aspiring toward Greatness. The program focuses on leadership training, mentorship, and cultural enrichment, helping young girls build confidence, strengthen academic success, and prepare to become leaders in their communities.

On the Morning News Express, Bob Miller welcomed Chuck Jenkins, Sheriff of Frederick County, for a candid discussion following what he called the final nail in the coffin for the 287(g) program after the state moved to dismantle it. Sheriff Jenkins shared his perspective on what the end of the long-running partnership means for local law enforcement and how his office is adjusting moving forward. He also highlighted some concerning trends deputies are seeing on the ground, including a recent surge in guns being taken off the streets during routine traffic stops and a growing number of child exploitation cases in the region. Jenkins discussed the work of the Sheriff’s Office dedicated unit focused on combating these crimes, emphasizing the commitment to protecting the community and going after those responsible.

Bob Miller, CEO and Founder of IRGame, is a technology entrepreneur with 30+ years of experience across cybersecurity and emerging technologies. He's a pioneer in using AI-powered gamification for incident response (“IR”) training, designed specifically for busy executives who can't spend full days in training but must make high-stakes decisions quickly during real crises. IRGame puts executive teams through realistic scenario such as ransomware, data breaches, business email compromise, and AI-related incidents, so they can practice decision-making under pressure. Returning to Lafayette and building startups Bob graduated in 1988 from University of Louisiana – Monroe in Computer Science and Math. He moved back to Louisiana from San Jose around 2010 and chose Lafayette as home. Almost immediately, the Lafayette Economic Development Authority (LEDA) contacted him about helping build a startup accelerator. With experience across roughly 10 startups, he became founding director of what he named the Opportunity Machine, where his title was “Head Machinist”). Bob later continued mentoring via the Accelerator Board. After three years, engineer and entrepreneur Bill Fenstermaker recruited him to help commercialize products at Fenstermaker & Associates. Bob worked on projects including a custom GIS system and underwater acoustics, following earlier work in areas like satellite systems. Later he became COO at Waitr in its early stage, helping scale from about 300 to 3,000 employees in roughly 12–14 months, the kind of operational scaling challenge he's often brought in to manage. He then joined a local managed service provider and helped transform it into a managed security service provider, an experience that directly led to IR Game. Why IR Game exists Bob identified a persistent problem: many organizations resist spending time and money on cybersecurity because they don't understand it and lack an emotional connection because they have never experienced a crisis. Traditional tabletop training exercises meant to train a business team on how to respond during a crisis (paper scenarios, PowerPoint presentations, and sitting around a conference table discussing solutions) have existed for decades, but they're time-consuming (often 80–90 hours to prepare) and require pulling people into a room for a full day, which makes them expensive and hard to scale. If it's hard, many companies simply don't do it. Bob attended a cybersecurity conference and participated in a tabletop designed for managed service providers, an exercise that was “fundamentally terrifying” and eye-opening. A worst-case Managed Service Provider (“MSP”) scenario is when a third-party tool, especially remote monitoring and management (RMM) software, gets compromised. That can lead to ransomware across an MSP's entire customer base simultaneously. The exercise illustrated IRGame's central insight: about 80% of incident response is non-technical in nature: financial consequences, shutdown decisions, customer impact, employee panic, communications, reputational and legal exposure. Bob brought the tabletop back to his company and ran it with 80 of 130 employees, customizing it with real customer names, revenue figures, and tenure. Even with a mature incident response plan and twice-yearly practice, they discovered a dozen needed changes. That convinced him that if a well-prepared security organization learns that much from a scenario, “everybody can.” The breakthrough: turning tabletop into an online multiplayer game During that exercise, a longtime software collaborator of Bob’s mentioned he still had a dormant game app framework built years earlier for a high-school project with Bob's daughter. He believed he could convert the paper tabletop into an online multiplayer experience in a weekend. After running the in-person tabletop on Thursday, he demonstrated a working browser-based multiplayer version on Sunday. They showed it to cybersecurity tabletop authors and industry influencers, Matt Lee and Ethan Tancredi, who were shocked by how quickly the tabletop content had been transformed into a functional digital game. Soon after, they invited about 20 people to test it. The early version looked rough, like a 1980s text adventure, but it worked. The response was far stronger than expected: participants reported intense emotional engagement and immediate practical takeaways. One government participant said it left him rattled, with pages of notes and a need for a drink; an MSP in Hawaii asked when he could use it with customers. That became a monthly community practice program: they've run 25+ free games, putting 1,000+ people through the system. As demand grew—especially from providers wanting to use it with customers—IRGame chose to commercialize. IR Game mirrors tabletop training but compresses it into a high-intensity, guided simulation. A scenario is narrated like scenes in a movie. Participants answer opening questions to get teams communicating quickly, which is critical because incident response requires fast coordination. Players assume roles and must allocate limited resources to tasks. Challenges pile up faster than teams can handle them, forcing prioritization and tradeoffs, just like real incidents. A key design element is pressure: a relentless timer counts down; there's no pause button. This stress reveals the truth: under pressure, people become more honest about gaps in their preparedness. That's valuable because organizations often sugarcoat weaknesses—until a simulation forces real reactions. Bob explained an example crisis scenario: a business email compromise (which he says is currently a dominant incident type). A financial firm discovers a customer wired money to a “new account” supposedly sent by the CFO, yet the CFO didn't send it. As the story unfolds, participants learn the compromise likely affected many customers, not just one. The game surfaces operational realities executives often miss: internal rumors, uncontrolled communications, legal exposure triggered by words like “breach,” and the need for an “event mode” communications policy that calms the organization and prevents chaos. AI scenarios and new risks IRGame also focuses on emerging AI-related risks. Miller says they ran what they described as the first AI incident scenario at a national security conference (IT Nation Secure) and now maintain multiple AI scenarios. The point is not to create fear, but to provide a safe environment to practice decisions around new threat patterns. Practical cybersecurity guidance for individuals and small businesses Bob emphasizes that cybersecurity is no longer optional and that AI strengthens attackers as well as defenders. He predicts that in 2026 smaller businesses will face increased targeting, because automation lets “two dudes and a dog” run campaigns that once required larger teams, making up revenue in volume rather than big single payouts. He also notes that cybercriminal ecosystems now resemble legitimate businesses, including tools, support, and organizational structure. Bob recommends baseline controls that are realistic for small organizations: unique passwords, password managers, multi-factor authentication, training on phishing, cyber insurance, and economical endpoint monitoring (EDR/MDR). These measures raise the cost for attackers so they move on to easier targets, though no control is perfect. On password managers, Bob uses Keeper and mentions 1Password and others. He strongly warns against saving passwords in browsers. He also flags emerging concerns about AI-enabled browsers that maintain a large “context window” across many sites, potentially increasing risk if compromised. On online exposure to your information, such as emails and staff info on websites, he advises sharing only what's necessary. Data can be scraped and used for phishing and impersonation. Deepfakes and better-written scams are making social engineering harder to detect. He also notes that much personal data is already exposed through breaches, citing Louisiana's DMV breach as an example of widespread data loss where every licensed driver's Social Security Number was compromised. Incident response planning and insurance pressure A recurring theme: organizations need an incident response plan and must practice it, especially as cyber insurers increasingly demand proof. In a room of 50+ attorneys he spoke to recently, Miller found only three had a plan, and none practiced it. He warned that future claims could be denied if companies claim they had plans but don't demonstrate practice. Trying IRGame for free IRGame offers free public sessions: the last Friday of every month, sign-up available via their website. Miller notes they also post recordings and content online (LinkedIn and YouTube). Visit https://www.irgame.ai/ for more information and to sign up for a free public session. You can also see how IRGame works by visiting its youtube channel at https://www.youtube.com/@IRGameify Personal note: music and creativity Outside cybersecurity, Miller is a musician, primarily blues/rock, and often appears on video with guitars behind him. He draws a parallel between software development and music: both require creativity within rules. He argues policies and procedures aren't bureaucracy—they're like scales and tempo: structure that enables effective performance under pressure.