Podcasts about Incident

Halle and Alison dissociate with some dolls and question the villains' motive as they ruin Incident in a Ghostland. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Exploring the history behind what is widely regarded as the first historically true story of an alien or UFO encounter: the Berkshire UFO Incident. Support us directly: https://www.redwebpod.com On September 1st, 1969, Berkshire County, Massachusetts spent a warm summer evening like any other. But as darkness fell, something strange crossed the skies and changed the community forever. Were they really witnessing something otherworldly, or could it all be explained? Today, we're investigating the first UFO case ever recognized as historically true: the Berkshire UFO Incident. Our sponsors: Factor - Go to http://factormeals.com/redweb50off and use code redweb50off to get 50% off your first box, plus Free Breakfast for 1 Year. Shopify - Go to http://shopify.com/redweb to sign up for your $1-per-month trial period. This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Go to http://betterhelp.com/redweb for 10% off your first month. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the fall of Wuhan. In a country frayed by war, the Yangtze became a pulsing artery, carrying both hunger and hope. Chiang Kai-shek faced a brutal choice: defend Wuhan to the last man, or flood the rivers to buy time. He chose both, setting sullen floodwaters loose along the Yellow River to slow the invaders, a temporary mercy that spared some lives while ripping many from their homes. On the river's banks, a plethora of Chinese forces struggled to unite. The NRA, fractured into rival zones, clung to lines with stubborn grit as Japanese forces poured through Anqing, Jiujiang, and beyond, turning the Yangtze into a deadly corridor. Madang's fortifications withstood bombardment and gas, yet the price was paid in troops and civilians drowned or displaced. Commanders like Xue Yue wrestled stubbornly for every foothold, every bend in the river. The Battle of Wanjialing became a symbol: a desperate, months-long pincer where Chinese divisions finally tightened their cordon and halted the enemy's flow. By autumn, the Japanese pressed onward to seize Tianjiazhen and cut supply lines, while Guangzhou fell to a ruthless blockade. The Fall of Wuhan loomed inevitable, yet the story remained one of fierce endurance against overwhelming odds.   #174 The Changsha Fire Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the summer of 1938, amid the upheaval surrounding Chiang Kai-shek, one of his most important alliances came to an end. On June 22, all German advisers to the Nationalist government were summoned back; any who refused would be deemed guilty of high treason. Since World War I, a peculiar bond had tied the German Weimar Republic and China: two fledgling states, both weak and only partially sovereign. Under the Versailles Treaty of 1919, Germany had lost extraterritorial rights on Chinese soil, which paradoxically allowed Berlin to engage with China as an equal partner rather than a traditional colonizer. This made German interests more welcome in business and politics than those of other Western powers. Chiang's military reorganization depended on German officers such as von Seeckt and von Falkenhausen, and Hitler's rise in 1933 had not immediately severed the connection between the two countries. Chiang did not share Nazi ideology with Germany, but he viewed Berlin as a potential ally and pressed to persuade it to side with China rather than Japan as China's principal East Asian, anti-Communist partner. In June 1937, H. H. Kung led a delegation to Berlin, met Hitler, and argued for an alliance with China. Yet the outbreak of war and the Nationalists' retreat to Wuhan convinced Hitler's government to align with Japan, resulting in the recall of all German advisers. Chiang responded with a speech praising von Falkenhausen, insisting that "our friend's enemy is our enemy too," and lauding the German Army's loyalty and ethics as a model for the Chinese forces. He added, "After we have won the War of Resistance, I believe you'll want to come back to the Far East and advise our country again." Von Falkenhausen would later become the governor of Nazi-occupied Belgium, then be lauded after the war for secretly saving many Jewish lives. As the Germans departed, the roof of the train transporting them bore a prominent German flag with a swastika, a prudent precaution given Wuhan's vulnerability to air bombardment. The Japanese were tightening their grip on the city, even as Chinese forces, numbering around 800,000, made a stubborn stand. The Yellow River floods blocked northern access, so the Japanese chose to advance via the Yangtze, aided by roughly nine divisions and the might of the Imperial Navy. The Chinese fought bravely, but their defenses could not withstand the superior technology of the Japanese fleet. The only substantial external aid came from Soviet pilots flying aircraft bought from the USSR as part of Stalin's effort to keep China in the war; between 1938 and 1940, some 2,000 pilots offered their services. From June 24 to 27, Japanese bombers relentlessly pounded the Madang fortress along the Yangtze until it fell. A month later, on July 26, Chinese defenders abandoned Jiujiang, southeast of Wuhan, and its civilian population endured a wave of atrocities at the hands of the invaders. News of Jiujiang's fate stiffened resolve. Chiang delivered a pointed address to his troops on July 31, arguing that Wuhan's defense was essential and that losing the city would split the country into hostile halves, complicating logistics and movement. He warned that Wuhan's defense would also be a spiritual test: "the place has deep revolutionary ties," and public sympathy for China's plight was growing as Japanese atrocities became known. Yet Chiang worried about the behavior of Chinese soldiers. He condemned looting as a suicidal act that would destroy the citizens' trust in the military. Commanders, he warned, must stay at their posts; the memory of the Madang debacle underscored the consequences of cowardice. Unlike Shanghai, Wuhan had shelters, but he cautioned against retreating into them and leaving soldiers exposed. Officers who failed in loyalty could expect no support in return. This pep talk, combined with the belief that the army was making a last stand, may have slowed the Japanese advance along the Yangtze in August. Under General Xue Yue, about 100,000 Chinese troops pushed back the invaders at Huangmei. At Tianjiazhen, thousands fought until the end of September, with poison gas finally forcing Japanese victory. Yet even then, Chinese generals struggled to coordinate. In Xinyang, Li Zongren's Guangxi troops were exhausted; they expected relief from Hu Zongnan's forces, but Hu instead withdrew, allowing Japan to capture the city without a fight. The fall of Xinyang enabled Japanese control of the Ping-Han railway, signaling Wuhan's doom. Chiang again spoke to Wuhan's defenders, balancing encouragement with a grim realism about possible loss. Although Wuhan's international connections were substantial, foreign aid would be unlikely. If evacuation became necessary, the army should have a clear plan, including designated routes. He recalled the disastrous December retreat from Nanjing, where "foreigners and Chinese alike turned it into an empty city." Troops had been tired and outnumbered; Chiang defended the decision to defend Nanjing, insisting the army had sacrificed itself for the capital and Sun Yat-sen's tomb. Were the army to retreat again, he warned, it would be the greatest shame in five thousand years of Chinese history. The loss of Madang was another humiliation. By defending Wuhan, he argued, China could avenge its fallen comrades and cleanse its conscience; otherwise, it could not honor its martyrs. Mao Zedong, observing the situation from his far-off base at Yan'an, agreed strongly that Chiang should not defend Wuhan to the death. He warned in mid-October that if Wuhan could not be defended, the war's trajectory would shift, potentially strengthening the Nationalists–Communists cooperation, deepening popular mobilization, and expanding guerrilla warfare. The defense of Wuhan, Mao argued, should drain the enemy and buy time to advance the broader struggle, not become a doomed stalemate. In a protracted war, some strongholds might be abandoned temporarily to sustain the longer fight. The Japanese Army captured Wuchang and Hankou on 26 October and captured Hanyang on the 27th, which concluded the campaign in Wuhan. The battle had lasted four and a half months and ended with the Nationalist army's voluntary withdrawal. In the battle itself, the Japanese army captured Wuhan's three towns and held the heartland of China, achieving a tactical victory. Yet strategically, Japan failed to meet its objectives. Imperial Headquarters believed that "capturing Hankou and Guangzhou would allow them to dominate China." Consequently, the Imperial Conference planned the Battle of Wuhan to seize Wuhan quickly and compel the Chinese government to surrender. It also decreed that "national forces should be concentrated to achieve the war objectives within a year and end the war against China." According to Yoshiaki Yoshimi and Seiya Matsuno, Hirohito authorized the use of chemical weapons against China by specific orders known as rinsanmei. During the Battle of Wuhan, Prince Kan'in Kotohito transmitted the emperor's orders to deploy toxic gas 375 times between August and October 1938. Another memorandum uncovered by Yoshimi indicates that Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni authorized the use of poison gas against the Chinese on 16 August 1938. A League of Nations resolution adopted on 14 May condemned the Imperial Japanese Army's use of toxic gas. Japan's heavy use of chemical weapons against China was driven by manpower shortages and China's lack of poison gas stockpiles to retaliate. Poison gas was employed at Hankou in the Battle of Wuhan to break Chinese resistance after conventional assaults had failed. Rana Mitter notes that, under General Xue Yue, approximately 100,000 Chinese troops halted Japanese advances at Huangmei, and at the fortress of Tianjiazhen, thousands fought until the end of September, with Japanese victory secured only through the use of poison gas. Chinese generals also struggled with coordination at Xinyang; Li Zongren's Guangxi troops were exhausted, and Hu Zongnan's forces, believed to be coming to relieve them, instead withdrew. Japan subsequently used poison gas against Chinese Muslim forces at the Battle of Wuyuan and the Battle of West Suiyuan. However, the Chinese government did not surrender with the loss of Wuhan and Guangzhou, nor did Japan's invasion end with Wuhan and Guangzhou's capture. After Wuhan fell, the government issued a reaffirmation: "Temporary changes of advance and retreat will not shake our resolve to resist the Japanese invasion," and "the gain or loss of any city will not affect the overall situation of the war." It pledged to "fight with even greater sorrow, greater perseverance, greater steadfastness, greater diligence, and greater courage," dedicating itself to a long, comprehensive war of resistance. In the Japanese-occupied rear areas, large armed anti-Japanese forces grew, and substantial tracts of territory were recovered. As the Japanese army themselves acknowledged, "the restoration of public security in the occupied areas was actually limited to a few kilometers on both sides of the main transportation lines." Thus, the Battle of Wuhan did not merely inflict a further strategic defeat on Japan; it also marked a turning point in Japan's strategic posture, from offense to defense. Due to the Nationalist Army's resolute resistance, Japan mobilized its largest force to date for the attack, about 250,000 personnel, who were replenished four to five times over the battle, for a total of roughly 300,000. The invaders held clear advantages in land, sea, and air power and fought for four and a half months. Yet they failed to annihilate the Nationalist main force, nor did they break the will to resist or the army's combat effectiveness. Instead, the campaign dealt a severe blow to the Japanese Army's vitality. Japanese-cited casualties totaled 4,506 dead and 17,380 wounded for the 11th Army; the 2nd Army suffered 2,300 killed in action, 7,600 wounded, and 900 died of disease. Including casualties across the navy and the air force, the overall toll was about 35,500. By contrast, the Nationalist Government Military Commission's General Staff Department, drawing on unit-level reports, calculated Japanese casualties at 256,000. The discrepancy between Japanese and Nationalist tallies illustrates the inflationary tendencies of each side's reporting. Following Wuhan, a weakened Japanese force confronted an extended front. Unable to mount large-scale strategic offensives, unlike Shanghai, Xuzhou, or Wuhan itself, the Japanese to a greater extent adopted a defensive posture. This transition shifted China's War of Resistance from a strategic defensive phase into a strategic stalemate, while the invaders found themselves caught in a protracted war—a development they most disliked. Consequently, Japan's invasion strategy pivoted: away from primary frontal offensives toward a greater reliance on political inducements with secondary military action, and toward diverting forces to "security" operations behind enemy lines rather than pushing decisive frontal campaigns. Japan, an island nation with limited strategic resources, depended heavily on imports. By the time of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japan's gold reserves,including reserves for issuing banknotes, amounted to only about 1.35 billion yen. In effect, Japan's currency reserves constrained the scale of the war from the outset. The country launched its aggression while seeking an early solution to the conflict. To sustain its war of aggression against China, the total value of military supplies imported from overseas in 1937 reached approximately 960 million yen. By June of the following year, for the Battle of Wuhan, even rifles used in training were recalled to outfit the expanding army. The sustained increase in troops also strained domestic labor, food, and energy supplies. By 1939, after Wuhan, Japan's military expenditure had climbed to about 6.156 billion yen, far exceeding national reserves. This stark reality exposed Japan's economic fragility and its inability to guarantee a steady supply of military materiel, increasing pressure on the leadership at the Central Command. The Chief of Staff and the Minister of War lamented the mismatch between outward strength and underlying weakness: "Outwardly strong but weak is a reflection of our country today, and this will not last long." In sum, the Wuhan campaign coincided with a decline in the organization, equipment, and combat effectiveness of the Japanese army compared with before the battle. This erosion of capability helped drive Japan to alter its political and military strategy, shifting toward a method of inflicting pressure on China and attempting to "use China to control China", that is, fighting in ways designed to sustain the broader war effort. Tragically a major element of Chiang Kai-shek's retreat strategy was the age-old "scorched earth" policy. In fact, China originated the phrase and the practice. Shanghai escaped the last-minute torching because of foreigners whose property rights were protected. But in Nanjing, the burning and destruction began with increasing zeal. What could not be moved inland, such as remaining rice stocks, oil in tanks, and other facilities, was to be blown up or devastated. Civilians were told to follow the army inland, to rebuild later behind the natural barrier of Sichuan terrain. Many urban residents complied, but the peasantry did not embrace the plan. The scorched-earth policy served as powerful propaganda for the occupying Japanese army and, even more so, for the Reds. Yet they could hardly have foreseen the propaganda that Changsha would soon supply them. In June, the Changsha Evacuation Guidance Office was established to coordinate land and water evacuation routes. By the end of October, Wuhan's three towns had fallen, and on November 10 the Japanese army captured Yueyang, turning Changsha into the next primary invasion target. Beginning on October 9, Japanese aircraft intensified from sporadic raids on Changsha to large-scale bombing. On October 27, the Changsha Municipal Government urgently evacuated all residents, exempting only able-bodied men, the elderly, the weak, women, and children. The baojia system was mobilized to go door-to-door, enforcing compliance. On November 7, Chiang Kai-shek convened a military meeting at Rongyuan Garden to review the war plan and finalize a "scorched earth war of resistance." Xu Quan, Chief of Staff of the Security Command, drafted the detailed implementation plan. On November 10, Shi Guoji, Chief of Staff of the Security Command, presided over a joint meeting of Changsha's party, government, military, police, and civilian organizations to devise a strategy. The Changsha Destruction Command was immediately established, bringing together district commanders and several arson squads. The command actively prepared arson equipment and stacked flammable materials along major traffic arteries. Chiang decided that the city of Changsha was vulnerable and either gave the impression or the direct order, honestly really depends on the source your reading, to burn the city to the ground to prevent it falling to the enemy. At 9:00 AM on November 12, Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Zhang Zhizhong: "One hour to arrive, Chairman Zhang, Changsha, confidential. If Changsha falls, the entire city must be burned. Please make thorough preparations in advance and do not delay." And here it seems a game of broken telephone sort of resulted in one of the worst fire disasters of all time. If your asking pro Chiang sources, the message was clearly, put up a defense, once thats fallen, burn the city down before the Japanese enter. Obviously this was to account for getting civilians out safely and so forth. If you read lets call it more modern CPP aligned sources, its the opposite. Chiang intentionally ordering the city to burn down as fast as possible, but in through my research, I think it was a colossal miscommunication. Regardless Zhongzheng Wen, Minister of the Interior, echoed the message. Simultaneously, Lin Wei, Deputy Director of Chiang Kai-shek's Secretariat, instructed Zhang Zhizhong by long-distance telephone: "If Changsha falls, the entire city must be burned." Zhang summoned Feng Ti, Commander of the Provincial Capital Garrison, and Xu Quan, Director of the Provincial Security Bureau, to outline arson procedures. He designated the Garrison Command to shoulder the preparations, with the Security Bureau assisting. At 4:00 PM, Zhang appointed Xu Kun, Commander of the Second Garrison Regiment, as chief commander of the arson operation, with Wang Weining, Captain of the Social Training Corps, and Xu Quan, Chief of Staff of the Garrison Command, as deputies. At 6:00 PM, the Garrison Command held an emergency meeting ordering all government agencies and organizations in the city to be ready for evacuation at any moment. By around 10:15 PM, all urban police posts had withdrawn. Around 2:00 AM (November 13), a false report circulated that "Japanese troops have reached Xinhe" . Firefighters stationed at various locations rushed out with kerosene-fueled devices, burning everything in sight, shops and houses alike. In an instant, Changsha became a sea of flames. The blaze raged for 72 hours. The Hunan Province Anti-Japanese War Loss Statistics, compiled by the Hunan Provincial Government Statistics Office of the Kuomintang, report that the fire inflicted economic losses of more than 1 billion yuan, a sum equivalent to about 1.7 trillion yuan after the victory in the war. This figure represented roughly 43% of Changsha's total economic value at the time. Regarding casualties, contemporary sources provide varying figures. A Xinhua Daily report from November 20, 1938 noted that authorities mobilized manpower to bury more than 600 bodies, though the total number of burned remains could not be precisely counted. A Central News Agency reporter on November 19 stated that in the Xiangyuan fire, more than 2,000 residents could not escape, and most of the bodies had already been buried. There are further claims that in the Changsha Fire, more than 20,000 residents were burned to death. In terms of displacement, Changsha's population before the fire was about 300,000, and by November 12, 90% had been evacuated. After the fire, authorities registered 124,000 victims, including 815 orphans sheltered in Lito and Maosgang.  Building damage constituted the other major dimension of the catastrophe, with the greatest losses occurring to residential houses, shops, schools, factories, government offices, banks, hospitals, newspaper offices, warehouses, and cultural and entertainment venues, as well as numerous historic buildings such as palaces, temples, private gardens, and the former residences of notable figures; among these, residential and commercial structures suffered the most, followed by factories and schools. Inspector Gao Yihan, who conducted a post-fire investigation, observed that the prosperous areas within Changsha's ring road, including Nanzheng Street and Bajiaoting, were almost completely destroyed, and in other major markets only a handful of shops remained, leading to an overall estimate that surviving or stalemated houses were likely less than 20%. Housing and street data from the early post-liberation period reveal that Changsha had more than 1,100 streets and alleys; of these, more than 690 were completely burned and more than 330 had fewer than five surviving houses, accounting for about 29%, with nearly 90% of the city's streets severely damaged. More than 440 streets were not completely destroyed, but among these, over 190 had only one or two houses remaining and over 130 had only three or four houses remaining; about 60 streets, roughly 6% had 30 to 40 surviving houses, around 30 streets, 3% had 11 to 20 houses, 10 streets, 1% had 21 to 30 houses, and three streets ) had more than 30 houses remaining. Housing statistics from 1952 show that 2,538 houses survived the fire, about 6.57% of the city's total housing stock, with private houses totaling 305,800 square meters and public houses 537,900 square meters. By 1956, the surviving area of both private and public housing totaled 843,700 square meters, roughly 12.3% of the city's total housing area at that time. Alongside these losses, all equipment, materials, funds, goods, books, archives, antiques, and cultural relics that had not been moved were also destroyed.  At the time of the Changsha Fire, Zhou Enlai, then Deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Nationalist Government's Military Commission, was in Changsha alongside Ye Jianying, Guo Moruo, and others. On November 12, 1938, Zhou Enlai attended a meeting held by Changsha cultural groups at Changsha Normal School to commemorate Sun Yat-sen's 72nd birthday. Guo Moruo later recalled that Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying were awakened by the blaze that night; they each carried a suitcase and evacuated to Xiangtan, with Zhou reportedly displaying considerable indignation at the sudden, unprovoked fire. On the 16th, Zhou Enlai rushed back to Changsha and, together with Chen Cheng, Zhang Zhizhong, and others, inspected the disaster. He mobilized personnel from three departments, with Tian Han and Guo Moruo at the forefront, to form the Changsha Fire Aftermath Task Force, which began debris clearance, care for the injured, and the establishment of soup kitchens. A few days later, on the 22nd, the Hunan Provincial Government established the Changsha Fire Temporary Relief Committee to coordinate relief efforts.  On the night of November 16, 1938, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Changsha and, the next day, ascended Tianxin Pavilion. Sha Wei, head of the Cultural Relics Section of the Changsha Tianxin Pavilion Park Management Office, and a long-time researcher of the pavilion, explained that documentation indicates Chiang Kai-shek, upon seeing the city largely reduced to scorched earth with little left intact, grew visibly angry. After descending from Tianxin Pavilion, Chiang immediately ordered the arrest of Changsha Garrison Commander Feng Ti, Changsha Police Chief Wen Chongfu, and Commander of the Second Garrison Regiment Xu Kun, and arranged a military trial with a two-day deadline. The interrogation began at 7:00 a.m. on November 18. Liang Xiaojin records that Xu Kun and Wen Chongfu insisted their actions followed orders from the Security Command, while Feng Ti admitted negligence and violations of procedure, calling his acts unforgivable. The trial found Feng Ti to be the principal offender, with Wen Chongfu and Xu Kun as accomplices, and sentenced all three to prison terms of varying lengths. The verdict was sent to Chiang Kai-shek for approval, who was deeply dissatisfied and personally annotated the drafts: he asserted that Feng Ti, as the city's security head, was negligent and must be shot immediately; Wen Chongfu, as police chief, disobeyed orders and fled, and must be shot immediately; Xu Kun, for neglect of duty, must be shot immediately. The court then altered the arson charge in the verdict to "insulting his duty and harming the people" in line with Chiang's instructions. Chiang Kai-shek, citing "failure to supervise personnel and precautions," dismissed Zhang from his post, though he remained in office to oversee aftermath operations. Zhang Zhizhong later recalled Chiang Kai-shek's response after addressing the Changsha fire: a pointed admission that the fundamental cause lay not with a single individual but with the collective leadership's mistakes, and that the error must be acknowledged as a collective failure. All eyes now shifted to the new center of resistance, Chongqing, the temporary capital. Chiang's "Free China" no longer meant the whole country; it now encompassed Sichuan, Hunan, and Henan, but not Jiangsu or Zhejiang. The eastern provinces were effectively lost, along with China's major customs revenues, the country's most fertile regions, and its most advanced infrastructure. The center of political gravity moved far to the west, into a country the Nationalists had never controlled, where everything was unfamiliar and unpredictable, from topography and dialects to diets. On the map, it might have seemed that Chiang still ruled much of China, but vast swaths of the north and northwest were sparsely populated; most of China's population lay in the east and south, where Nationalist control was either gone or held only precariously. The combined pressures of events and returning travelers were gradually shifting American attitudes toward the Japanese incident. Europe remained largely indifferent, with Hitler absorbing most attention, but the United States began to worry about developments in the Pacific. Roosevelt initiated a January 1939 appeal to raise a million dollars for Chinese civilians in distress, and the response quickly materialized. While the Chinese did not expect direct intervention, they hoped to deter further American economic cooperation with Japan and to halt Japan's purchases of scrap iron, oil, gasoline, shipping, and, above all, weapons from the United States. Public opinion in America was sufficiently stirred to sustain a campaign against silk stockings, a symbolic gesture of boycott that achieved limited effect; Japan nonetheless continued to procure strategic materials. Within this chorus, the left remained a persistent but often discordant ally to the Nationalists. The Institute of Pacific Relations, sympathetic to communist aims, urged America to act, pressuring policymakers and sounding alarms about China. Yet the party line remained firmly pro-Chiang Kai-shek: the Japanese advance seemed too rapid and threatening to the Reds' interests. Most oil and iron debates stalled; American businessmen resented British trade ties with Japan, and Britain refused to join any mutual cutoff, arguing that the Western powers were not at war with Japan. What occurred in China was still commonly referred to in Western diplomatic circles as "the Incident." Wang Jingwei's would make his final defection, yes in a long ass history of defections. Mr Wang Jingwei had been very busy traveling to Guangzhou, then Northwest to speak with Feng Yuxiang, many telegrams went back and forth. He returned to the Nationalist government showing his face to foreign presses and so forth. While other prominent rivals of Chiang, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, and others, rallied when they perceived Japan as a real threat; all did so except Wang Jingwei. Wang, who had long believed himself the natural heir to Sun Yat-sen and who had repeatedly sought to ascend to power, seemed willing to cooperate with Japan if it served his own aims. I will just say it, Wang Jingwei was a rat. He had always been a rat, never changed. Opinions on Chiang Kai-Shek vary, but I think almost everyone can agree Wang Jingwei was one of the worst characters of this time period. Now Wang Jingwei could not distinguish between allies and enemies and was prepared to accept help from whomever offered it, believing he could outmaneuver Tokyo when necessary. Friends in Shanghai and abroad whispered that it was not too late to influence events, arguing that the broader struggle was not merely China versus Japan but a clash between principled leaders and a tyrannical, self-serving clique, Western imperialism's apologists who needed Chiang removed. For a time Wang drifted within the Kuomintang, moving between Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, and Chongqing, maintaining discreet lines of communication with his confidants. The Japanese faced a governance problem typical of conquerors who possess conquered territory: how to rule effectively while continuing the war. They imagined Asia under Japanese-led leadership, an East Asia united by a shared Co-Prosperity Sphere but divided by traditional borders. To sustain this vision, they sought local leaders who could cooperate. The search yielded few viable options; would-be collaborators were soon assassinated, proved incompetent, or proved corrupt. The Japanese concluded it would require more time and education. In the end, Wang Jingwei emerged as a preferred figure. Chongqing, meanwhile, seemed surprised by Wang's ascent. He had moved west to Chengde, then to Kunming, attempted, and failed to win over Yunnan's warlords, and eventually proceeded to Hanoi in Indochina, arriving in Hong Kong by year's end. He sent Chiang Kai-shek a telegram suggesting acceptance of Konoe's terms for peace, which Chungking rejected. In time, Wang would establish his own Kuomintang faction in Shanghai, combining rigorous administration with pervasive secret-police activity characteristic of occupied regimes. By 1940, he would be formally installed as "Chairman of China." But that is a story for another episode.  In the north, the Japanese and the CCP were locked in an uneasy stalemate. Mao's army could make it impossible for the Japanese to hold deep countryside far from the railway lines that enabled mass troop movement into China's interior. Yet the Communists could not defeat the occupiers. In the dark days of October 1938—fifteen months after the war began—one constant remained. Observers (Chinese businessmen, British diplomats, Japanese generals) repeatedly predicted that each new disaster would signal the end of Chinese resistance and force a swift surrender, or at least a negotiated settlement in which the government would accept harsher terms from Tokyo. But even after defenders were expelled from Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan, despite the terrifying might Japan had brought to bear on Chinese resistance, and despite the invader's manpower, technology, and resources, China continued to fight. Yet it fought alone. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In a land shredded by war, Wuhan burned under brutal sieges, then Changsha followed, a cruel blaze born of orders and miscommunications. Leaders wrestled with retreat, scorched-earth vows, and moral debts as Japanese force and Chinese resilience clashed for months. Mao urged strategy over martyrdom, Wang Jingwei's scheming shadow loomed, and Chongqing rose as the westward beacon. Yet China endured, a stubborn flame refusing to surrender to the coming storm. The war stretched on, unfinished and unyielding.

H4-Seg3-TheTaraShow- Mon11/03/25 "on the WORD talk line Congresswoman Nancy Mace about Charleston airport incident"

In January 1996, the sleepy Brazilian town of Varginha became ground zero for terror from the stars. A crippled cigar-shaped craft plummets from the sky, spewing sulfurous smoke and unearthly debris. Three terrified girls lock eyes with a frail, oil-slicked being—massive head ridged with horns, glowing red orbs pleading in the shadows. Military police grapple a wounded creature into their trunk, its ammonia reek searing lungs and souls alike. Then comes the horror: a young officer scratched by alien touch, whispering "It's inside me" as infection claims his life. Join Gary and GoldieAnn as they peer Within the Mist of Brazil to discuss the cover-ups, vanishings, and red-eyed creatures that haunt the sky—Brazil's Roswell, where the mist hides secrets that still watch from above. Facebook Fan Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/544933724571696Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/withinthemistpodcast/Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@withinthemistpodcast1977 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

⭐The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) - Western Film Noir Gunsmoke Meets Shadows Day 01 NOIRvember Celebration⭐

SummaryIn this episode of The Compliance Guy podcast, Sean M Weiss engages in a detailed conversation with attorney Summer McKeivier about the complexities of healthcare law, particularly focusing on incident two billing, healthcare fraud prosecutions, and the challenges faced by providers in navigating compliance issues. They discuss the current trends in healthcare fraud, the role of medical directors and Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs), and the implications of inexperienced prosecutors in healthcare cases. The conversation also highlights the impact of accusations on healthcare professionals and the importance of understanding medical necessity in the context of local coverage determinations. Throughout the discussion, both Sean and Summer share insights from their experiences in the field, emphasizing the need for knowledgeable representation in healthcare law.TakeawaysSummer McKeivier is a leading attorney in healthcare law.Incident two billing is a significant issue in healthcare compliance.Wound care is currently a major focus for healthcare fraud investigations.CMS's definition of medical necessity often differs from providers' perspectives.Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs) do not have the effect of law.Medical directors may lack the necessary expertise in specific healthcare areas.Healthcare providers face challenges due to poorly written LCDs.Overpayment disputes can escalate if not addressed properly.Inexperienced prosecutors can lead to unjust accusations in healthcare cases.Accusations can severely impact healthcare professionals' ability to practice.

Marami akong pinagnilayan bago ko gawin ang video na ‘to. Alam kong sensitive ang Emman Atienza incident, at baka hindi ito para sa lahat. Pero kung nandito ka, I ask you to suspend your judgement and listen until the end. Hindi ako mental health expert — opinion video ito. Gusto ko lang magtanong ng mga bagay na madalas hindi natin pinaguusapan. Sa video na ‘to, tatanungin natin kung ano ba ang ugat ng kalungkutan? Nasa utak ba? O nasa kaluluwa? Pag-uusapan din natin ang mga aral mula sa nangyari kay Emman, ang toxicity ng social media.

Nik and Michael discuss the concept of gapless sequences — when you might want one, why sequences in Postgres can have gaps, and an idea or two if you do want them.And one quick clarification: changing the CACHE option in CREATE SEQUENCE can lead to even more gaps, the docs mention it explicitly. Here are some links to things they mentioned:CREATE SEQUENCE https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createsequence.htmlSequence Manipulation Functions https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-sequence.htmlOne, Two, Skip a Few (post by Pete Hamilton from Incident io) https://incident.io/blog/one-two-skip-a-fewPostgres sequences can commit out-of-order (blog post by Anthony Accomazzo / Sequin) https://blog.sequinstream.com/postgres-sequences-can-commit-out-of-orderLogical Replication of sequences (hackers thread) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAA4eK1LC%2BKJiAkSrpE_NwvNdidw9F2os7GERUeSxSKv71gXysQ%40mail.gmail.comSynchronization of sequences to subscriber (patch entry in commitfest) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/5111/Get or Create (episode with Haki Benita) https://postgres.fm/episodes/get-or-createGerman tank problem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Mexican motorsport officials are at odds with New Zealand Formula 1 driver Liam Lawson, after he was involved in a near-miss incident with two marshals who were running on the track to collect debris during this week's Mexico Grand Prix. Mexico's motorsport federation have now placed the blame for the incident with Lawson, sports reporter Felicity Reid spoke to Lisa Owen.

Service Notes Podcast is your go-to resource for all things service management. Whether you're an IT professional, a customer service leader, or anyone looking to optimize their organization's processes.We deliver valuable insights every week with expert interviews, and practical tips to help you succeed.Each episode explores different aspects of service management—from organizational change to technical transformations—while keeping the conversation engaging and relatable. With a mix of industry expertise and real-world stories,Service Notes is here to guide you through the challenges and triumphs of creating outstanding service experiences.In this episode we speak to Ramy Shehata, and discuss his personal journey, navigating career in Service Management and AI in Service Management.In this episode you will learn how, No Two Major Incidents Are Ever the Same — You Learn by Living ItTo enhance your knowledge in ITSM, Visit 24 Trainings

In May 1979, a fire tore through the Woolworths department store in Manchester's Piccadilly Gardens. A blaze that would change British fire safety forever. What began as a small ignition behind a furniture display grew into a full-floor inferno within minutes, fuelled by polyurethane foam and toxic smoke that trapped shoppers and staff on the upper floors.This episode revisits the incident through modern eyes, unpacking the science, the tactics, and the courage of those who faced the unimaginable. It explores how the tragedy reshaped firefighting knowledge from flow-path control and gas cooling to the understanding that smoke itself is fuel and how the lessons learned in 1979 still guide firefighters on the line today.A downloadable PDF accompanies this episode, featuring an Instant Overview, Tactical Reflections, and Tactical Takeaways designed for crews and instructors to use as a debrief and training resource.ACCESS downloadable PDF HEREAccess all episodes, documents, GIVEAWAYS & debriefs HEREPodcast Apparel, Hoodies, Flags, Mugs HEREPODCAST GIFT - FREE subscription to essential Firefighting publications HERE A big thanks to our partners for supporting this episode.GORE-TEX Professional ClothingMSA The Safety CompanyIDEXFIRE & EVACUATION SERVICE LTD HAIX Footwear - Get offical podcast discount on HAIX HEREXendurance - to hunt performance & endurance 20% off HERE with code ffp20Lyfe Linez -  Get Functional Hydration FUEL for FIREFIGHTERS, Clean no sugar  for daily hydration. 80% of people live dehydratedSend us a textSupport the show***The views expressed in this episode are those of the individual speakers. Our partners are not responsible for the content of this episode and does not warrant its accuracy or completeness.*** Please support the podcast and its future by clicking HERE and joining our Patreon Crew

Erie County Legislator Taisha St. Jean Tard following Sheriff John Garcia's appearance before the Erie County Legislature on the D.J. Granville incident in April 2024 full 324 Thu, 30 Oct 2025 19:15:00 +0000 qkiDNKS7ZQdKalTM8ZoGSjsS0ec3oBBU buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,d.j. granville,taisha st. jean tard WBEN Extras buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,d.j. granville,taisha st. jean tard Erie County Legislator Taisha St. Jean Tard following Sheriff John Garcia's appearance before the Erie County Legislature on the D.J. Granville incident in April 2024 Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. N

Erie County Sheriff John Garcia appears before the Erie County Legislature to answer questions on the D.J. Granville incident from April 2024 full 8460 Thu, 30 Oct 2025 16:30:00 +0000 26oc9VFdSNsq1ByleTlzw6DGWaM4O7jh buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,d.j. granville WBEN Extras buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,d.j. granville Erie County Sheriff John Garcia appears before the Erie County Legislature to answer questions on the D.J. Granville incident from April 2024 Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News

Erie County Legislature Chair Tim Meyers following Sheriff John Garcia's appearance before county lawmakers on the D.J. Granville incident in April 2024 full 121 Thu, 30 Oct 2025 19:00:00 +0000 tDm2ML3S6s6hePdpZIKBEBVqMniFFuFC buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,tim meyers,d.j. granville WBEN Extras buffalo,news,wben,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,erie county legislature,tim meyers,d.j. granville Erie County Legislature Chair Tim Meyers following Sheriff John Garcia's appearance before county lawmakers on the D.J. Granville incident in April 2024 Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News

Erie County Sheriff John Garcia following his appearance before the Erie County Legislature to answer questions on the D.J. Granville incident from April 2024 full 523 Thu, 30 Oct 2025 18:45:00 +0000 tcBuKqJrGRrEETCDdvDZL2wsuugMb7pG buffalo,news,wben,erie county,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,d.j. granville WBEN Extras buffalo,news,wben,erie county,erie county sheriff's office,john garcia,d.j. granville Erie County Sheriff John Garcia following his appearance before the Erie County Legislature to answer questions on the D.J. Granville incident from April 2024 Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News

A rogue curb has assassinated a Mercedes tire. Meanwhile, Trump brokers the impossible while the Nobel Prize goes to people who accomplished nothing but good vibes. RIP to Ace Frehley and Diane Keaton—actual legends who earned their laurels. And to everyone who marched for "No Kings": you're 249 years late and several brain cells short.

This episode finally gets released despite Bezos' best attempts to take us down last week! Today we have next Xbox speculation, Atari bring their competition back from the dead, McD x SF and Waze goes Sonic. We also have Simon breaking down the "grey" market and Ste accidentally getting involved with spies. Keep those letters rolling into us at team@onelifeleft.com or join our Discord and leave a letter for us on there. Link below! TTFN,Team OLL x Links: The OLL Everything Link!http://hello.onelifeleft.com/ The Maraoke Everything Link!https://hello.maraoke.com Block Words Link!https://blockwords.app/ The Shure link!https://tag.gs/OneLifeLeft_Shure Reviews: Baby StepsThe DrifterPigmentsPromise Mascot Agency Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

A Provo woman has been arrested on suspicion of manslaughter, after police say she hit two young children with her car inside a trailer park. Two children were hit by a car, killing a 3-year-old and injuring a 4-year-old.

"The Weight of Command: The Ehime Maru Tragedy and the Case for Transparency" with Admiral Thomas B Fargo   Welcome to Episode 29, Season 9 of A CEO's Virtual Mentor® In this compelling episode of Leadership Lyceum: A CEO's Virtual Mentor®, we are joined by a distinguished leader whose career has been defined by service, responsibility, and command at the highest levels of the United States Navy. Admiral Thomas B. Fargo served as a four-star admiral and commander of the United States Pacific Command, the largest unified command in the world, overseeing operations across half the globe. Across not only his military career, but also across his board leadership service, Admiral Fargo is known for his steady hand in times of crisis and moral clarity under pressure: qualities that are grounded in his deep commitment to accountability and transparency. This episode of A CEO's Virtual Mentor® entitled "The Weight of Command: The Ehime Maru Tragedy and the Case for Transparency" reveals those qualities under the pressure of deep crisis and human tragedy in the aftermath of the tragic collision of the USS Greeneville, a nuclear-powered submarine, and the Japanese fishery training vessel, the Ehime Maru off Oahu on February 9th, 2001, a tragedy that took the lives of nine Japanese citizens, including four high school students. As commander of the Pacific Fleet at the time, Admiral Fargo was responsible for the Navy's response. Our episode today takes us back almost 25 years ago to the incident and to the decisions in the aftermath. The episode is divided into five segments: 1.     The Incident: The story opens with a vivid recounting of the 2001 collision between the USS Greeneville, a U.S. Navy nuclear-powered submarine, and the Japanese training vessel Ehime Maru off Oahu. Admiral Fargo, then Commander of the Pacific Fleet, reflects on the moment he received the first report and the gravity of what unfolded—a tragedy that claimed nine lives and strained U.S.–Japan relations. The segment sets the stage for a crisis that would test not only naval command but also the moral fiber of leadership itself. 2.    The Ever-Elusive Facts: In every crisis, the first reports are wrong. Admiral Fargo recounts how the Navy struggled to uncover the truth amid incomplete, often misleading information—compounded by legal, diplomatic, and media pressures. Drawing parallels to the 1988 USS Vincennes - Iranian Airbus tragedy, this segment examines the tension between speed and accuracy in crisis communication, and how early missteps can shape public perception for years. 3.    The Investigation: With multiple options before him—a classified inquiry, internal settlement, court-martial, or a public court of inquiry—Admiral Fargo faced a defining choice. Guided by the principle that "some events cannot be delegated," he chose full transparency, rejecting secrecy even at the cost of institutional discomfort. This decision, rooted in lessons from the Navy's past, particularly the Tailhook scandal, set the tone for how the service would regain trust through openness. 4.    The Court of Inquiry: The rare and rigorous process unfolds. Three senior flag officers—an aviator, a submariner, and a surface warfare officer—are appointed, joined symbolically by a Japanese admiral to safeguard the interests of the victims' families. As the inquiry proceeds under intense public scrutiny, painful truths emerge: procedural lapses, haste under pressure, and breakdowns in communication. The court's findings affirm accountability while preserving fairness—showing that leadership's true test lies in how justice is pursued when tragedy strikes. 5.    Epilogue on Leadership in Reflection: In the closing segment, Admiral Fargo reflects on the enduring lessons of command—trusting one's instincts, fostering an environment where truth can be spoken freely, and upholding personal accountability even when law or policy might allow retreat. His story culminates in a powerful act of restitution: the unprecedented salvage of the Ehime Maru to recover the remains of the lost. Through this effort, Fargo demonstrated that the highest form of leadership lives not in procedure, but in conscience—in what Lord Moulton called "obedience to the unenforceable."   Program Guide A CEO's Virtual Mentor® Episode 29 "The Weight of Command: The Ehime Maru Tragedy and the Case for Transparency" with Admiral Thomas B Fargo 0:00              Introduction to the program and to our guest, Ret. Admiral Thomas B. Fargo, Commander of the United States Pacific Command. 3:16               Part 1: The Incident 22:06             Break 1 22:12             Part 2: The Ever-Elusive Facts 30:35             Break 2 31:06             Part 3: The Investigation 41:17               Break 3 41:48             Part 4: The Court of Inquiry  48:06             Break 4 – Intermediate Break  48:12              Part 4: The Court of Inquiry (continued)  54:13              Break 5  54:22             Part 5: Epilogue on Leadership in Reflection 1:04:27           Lyceum's Reflective Closing Comments   We would like to express our special thanks to the clients of Lyceum Leadership Consulting that enable us to bring you this podcast.   Links to Biographies of Guests Admiral Thomas B. Fargo Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_B._Fargo#:~:text=Admiral%20Thomas%20Boulton%20Fargo%20AO,officer%20to%20hold%20the%20position Your host Thomas B. Linquist is the Founder and Managing Director of Lyceum Leadership Consulting and Lyceum Leadership Productions. Over his 25 years in management and leadership consulting he has served a wide array of corporate clients.  This includes leadership assessment and search for chief executive officers, chief financial officers, chief operating officers and directors of boards.  He holds an MBA from the University of Chicago and over his 35-year career has served in a variety of roles: as an engineer with Shell Oil Company, a banker with ABN AMRO Bank, and as treasurer was the youngest corporate officer in the 150+ year history at Peoples Energy Company in Chicago.  He is an expert on hiring and promotion decisions and leadership development.  Over the course of his search and advisory career, Tom has interviewed thousands of leaders and authored numerous articles exploring group decision-making under uncertainty, board effectiveness, and leadership development. Join the Lyceum Circle of Leaders®  a community of forward-thinking leaders  dedicated to improving leadership through shared intelligence. Please spread the word among your fellow executives and board colleagues.   Program Disclaimer The only purpose of the podcast is to educate, inform and entertain. The information shared is based on the collection of experiences of each of the guests interviewed and should not be considered or substituted for professional advice. Guests who speak in this podcast express their own opinions, experience and conclusions, and neither The Leadership Lyceum LLC nor any company providing financial support endorses or opposes any particular content, recommendation or methodology discussed in this podcast. Follow Leadership Lyceum on: Our website: www.LeadershipLyceum.com LinkedIn: The Leadership Lyceum LLC Email us: info@LeadershipLyceum.com This podcast Leadership Lyceum: A CEO's Virtual Mentor® has been a production of The Leadership Lyceum LLC. Copyright 2025. All rights reserved.

https://jo.my/3ew2xh Incident Reporting & Root Cause Analysis: Tools for Root Cause Analysis If something goes wrong in your facility, how you respond matters just as much as what happened. That's where incident reporting and root cause analysis come in. These two things help us figure out why incidents happen—and more importantly, how to stop them from happening again. It's not just paperwork. It's prevention. Reporting gives us the facts. Root cause analysis provides us with the fix. When done right, they work hand in hand to build a safer warehouse for everyone on the floor. Here's the thing: incidents don't always scream for attention. Sometimes it's a small slip, a near miss, or a pattern that's just starting to form. Spotting it early and digging into the root cause can keep the next one from being a serious injury. Here are a few ways to strengthen how your facility handles incident reporting and root cause analysis: Start with the 5 Whys. If something seems off, ask “Why?”—five times in a row. Sounds simple, but it helps peel back the layers. For example, A worker trips. Why? There was a cord in the walkway. Why? It wasn't secured. Why? The cable cover was missing. You get the idea. You're not just treating the symptom—you're chasing down the source. Use a fishbone diagram for bigger problems. When it's not clear-cut, bring in a fishbone diagram—also known as the Ishikawa method. It maps out possible causes like equipment, process, people, or environment. Great for breaking down multi-layer issues without getting overwhelmed. Write it down. All of it. Don't rely on memory. Document what happened, what was found, and what was done to fix it. Include who was involved, when it was reported, and any immediate actions taken. If it's not written, it didn't happen. Look for trends over time. One-off incidents are one thing. But if the same kind of issue keeps showing up? That's a red flag. Reviewing reports monthly or quarterly can reveal patterns before they lead to bigger problems. Share what you learn. Don't keep it locked in one department. If a root cause is found and corrected, others can benefit too. Post it on a safety board. Bring it up at shift meetings. Use those lessons to raise the bar across the entire warehouse. As always, these are potential tips for you. Please be sure to follow the rules and regulations of your specific facility. Incident reporting and root cause analysis aren't just for when something goes wrong. They're tools to keep things going right. When you treat every incident or near miss like a clue—and not just a checkbox—you're building real safety awareness. The more eyes on the process, the better. Everyone in the warehouse can help spot hazards, flag concerns, and push for fixes that last. It's how you stop repeat problems before they start. Thank you for being part of another episode of Warehouse Safety Tips. Until we meet next time—have a great week, and STAY SAFE! #Safety #SafetyCulture #IncidentReporting #RootCauseAnalysis #WorkplaceSafety #StaySafeAtWork

Looking for more DTP Content? Check us out: www.thereadinesslab.com/dtp-linksIn this gripping episode of the Disaster Tough Podcast, host John Scardena speaks with Lauren Taylor, a 911 dispatcher who coordinated the emergency response during the October 1, 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting at the Mandalay Bay. Lauren shares her firsthand account of one of the most devastating active shooter incidents in U.S. history, describing the chaos, fear, and determination that defined those 11 minutes—and the long hours that followed.From the moment the first calls came in, Lauren was responsible for directing teams into a dangerous and rapidly evolving situation. She recalls the overwhelming sound of screams through the radio, the responsibility of protecting responders entering the unknown, and the emotional toll of hearing from people she personally knew on scene. Scardena and Taylor explore what it means to perform under extreme pressure, and how dispatchers—often unseen and unsung—serve as the foundation of every successful emergency operation.The conversation also delves into Lauren's continued service in public safety, including her recent experience during the Spokane shooting, and how these events shaped her decision to pursue a degree in Emergency Management. Together, they discuss resilience, leadership, and the lessons learned from crisis—how to process trauma, support teams through recovery, and lead with both faith and compassion.This episode offers raw insight into the reality of mass casualty coordination, the mental health challenges faced by dispatchers, and the courage it takes to keep showing up after tragedy. Lauren's story stands as a powerful reminder that while responders are often called heroes, the voices behind the radio are heroes too.Major Endorsements Impulse Bleeding Control Kits by Professionals for Professionals https://www.impulsekits.com Doberman Emergency Management Subject matter experts in assessments, planning, and training https://www.dobermanemg.com The Readiness Lab Trailblazing disaster readiness through podcasts, outreach, marketing, and interactive events https://www.thereadinesslab.com For Sponsorship Requests 314-400-8848 Ext 2 Email contact@thereadinesslab.com#DisasterToughPodcast #TheReadinessLab #JohnScardena #DobermanEmergencyManagement #EmergencyManagementPodcast #LasVegasShooting #MandalayBay #October1 #ActiveShooterResponse #MassCasualtyIncident #911Dispatch #DispatcherLife #PublicSafetyCommunications #FirstResponder #EmergencyDispatch #CrisisLeadership #IncidentCommand #EOC #IMT #EmergencyOperations #CrisisManagement #ResponderWellness #MentalHealthForFirstResponders #TraumaInformedLeadership #PublicSafetyTraining #FaithAndResilience #LeadershipUnderPressure #CourageInCrisis #HumanBehindTheHeadset #HeroBehindTheScenes #ServiceBeforeSelf

In 1969 over Labor Day weekend, dozens of people reported UFO encounters all over Berkshire County, Massachusetts. The encounters ranged from sightings, time loss and even reports of abductions. This week we are joined by Keith Freeman, a musician, podcaster, avid UFO researcher and resident of Massachusetts, to discuss these encounters and stories. The Berkshire encounters gained even more popularity after the Netflix show Unsolved Mysteries covered these stories and shared the first hand encounters that still haunt the individuals involved. Join us as we talk about some of these individuals' stories and hear Keith's perspective as a UFO researcher who has been to the sight itself.

Tue, Oct 28 8:29 PM → 9:24 PM Seattle Car Incident Radio Systems: - Puget Sound Emergency Radio Network PSERN Full

Chaque jour, retrouvez le journal de 8h30 de la rédaction d'Europe 1 pour faire le tour de l'actu.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Smithfield School Committee Chairman Richard Iannetelli joins the show to talk about the high school football hazing incident See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Guest: Yoni Titi, the mother to Faith-Ulime Titi-Chaves. 702 Breakfast with Bongani Bingwa is broadcast on 702, a Johannesburg based talk radio station. Bongani makes sense of the news, interviews the key newsmakers of the day, and holds those in power to account on your behalf. The team bring you all you need to know to start your day Thank you for listening to a podcast from 702 Breakfast with Bongani Bingwa Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 06:00 and 09:00 (SA Time) to Breakfast with Bongani Bingwa broadcast on 702: https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/36edSLV or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/zEcM35T Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Chaque jour, retrouvez le journal de 8h30 de la rédaction d'Europe 1 pour faire le tour de l'actu.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

As the mental resonance between Notus and Model-101 builds in strength, the fundamental friction between their unlike minds manifests as an incarnation of that which opposes each of them in turn. A hideously twisted form of Joseph Miller has come to mete out vengeance upon both psychonauts. And while the Hidden House, as well as the ritual space within it, is as safe as can be managed, there are some who may pass whatever thresholds they may wish... Music: Three Chain Links - Magic Hour Hiroki Matsui - My Voice is Dark Ambient Kyu Sawamura - HATE Scottyknows6 - Drumception 2017 Derrick Billups - Let's Go Master White Bat Audio - Bloodlust Kai Engel - Snowfall Buckley - Beyond these Walls Dark Fantasy Studio - Faeries Dark Fantasy Studio - The Edge of Nightmare Kai Engel - Sopor Director's Note: The ORPHEUS Protocol is supported by our generous backers on Patreon: Visit http://www.patreon.com/orpheusprotocol for details. If you enjoy The ORPHEUS Protocol, please consider dropping us a review on iTunes. This is the best way for us to reach a broader audience. The ORPHEUS Protocol releases Monday, provided no community medical emergencies have taken Rob too much away from their desk.

Competing ideas about the Emperor's identity and proper place in the Japanese political order would become especially heated during the tumultuous 1930s and radical adherents of the Imperial Way Faction in the military engaged in a well-organized coup which nearly toppled the civilian government.Support the show My latest novel, "Califia's Crusade," is now available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, Apple Books, Bookshop.org, and many other online platforms!

In this episode of the Crux True Survival Story Podcast, hosts Kaycee McIntosh and Julie Henningsen recount the harrowing 20-hour survival and rescue ordeal of 65-year-old Lithuanian adventurer Valdas Bieliauskas in the wilderness of Tasmania. After a tragic fall left Valdas' leg wedged between two boulders in freezing rapids, his friends and a dedicated Australian rescue team faced impossible decisions and extraordinary challenges. The rescue's climax involved an underwater amputation performed with minimal resources, saving Valdas' life. This story underscores human resilience, the capabilities of modern emergency medicine, and the extraordinary courage of wilderness rescue professionals. 00:00 Introduction to the Podcast 01:32 The Incident on the Franklin River 04:03 The Rescue Operation Begins 07:04 The Struggle to Free Valdas 16:24 Critical Decisions and Final Attempts 21:13 A Desperate Situation 21:43 The Arrival of Dr. Kippax 22:57 The Underwater Amputation 26:39 A Race Against Time 29:15 The Miracle of Hypothermia 30:42 A Remarkable Recovery 34:14 Reflections on Risk and Rescue 38:52 Valdas' Future Plans 41:44 Final Thoughts and Gratitude 42:57 Closing Remarks Listen AD FREE: Support our podcast at patreaon: http://patreon.com/TheCruxTrueSurvivalPodcast Email us! thecruxsurvival@gmail.com Instagram https://www.instagram.com/thecruxpodcast/ Get schooled by Julie in outdoor wilderness medicine! https://www.headwatersfieldmedicine.com/ References- ABC News Australia. "How one slip on the Franklin River triggered a race to save a rafter's life." June 28, 2025. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-06-29/franklin-river-rescue-man-stuck-lithuanian-valdas-leg-amputated/105420916 RNZ News. "Your leg or your life: Inside a perilous 24-hour wild river rescue." June 29, 2025. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/565467/your-leg-or-your-life-inside-a-perilous-24-hour-wild-river-rescue LRT (Lithuanian National Radio and Television). "Your leg or your life: Lithuanian traveller lost limb in near-deadly accident in Tasmania." February 1, 2025. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2474903/your-leg-or-your-life-lithuanian-traveller-lost-limb-in-near-deadly-accident-in-tasmania Australian Story (ABC). "The River: Franklin River Rescue" (Parts 1 & 2). June 30 & July 7, 2025. Available on ABC iview. Brittle, Rob and Parkinson, Mitch (Intensive Care Flight Paramedics, Ambulance Tasmania). "Patient Centred Team Based Critical Care In Austere Environments." Australian College of Paramedicine. https://paramedics.org/news/patient-centred-team-based-critical-care-in-austere-environments Paddling Magazine. "Inside The Whitewater Accident That Led To An Underwater Amputation." July 18, 2025. https://paddlingmag.com/stories/news-events/underwater-amputation-rescue/ Pulse Tasmania. "Tasmanian doctor receives prestigious Lithuanian award for dramatic river leg amputation." July 7, 2025. https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/tasmanian-doctor-receives-prestigious-lithuanian-award-for-dramatic-river-leg-amputation/ Water by Nature Tasmania - Franklin River Rafting. https://franklinriver.com/ Rafting.com. "Franklin River Rafting Trips." https://www.rafting.com/australia/tasmania/franklin-river/ Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Wendy Joering, Executive Director, Sandra Bornstein Holocaust Education Center joins the show to react to the alleged antisemitic hazing incident within the Smithfield High School football program, and ensuing reinstatement of previously suspended student-athletes.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Calvary Bible Chapel

This week Dr. Fix Me meets Patty O'Reilly Reilerson, who recently had an embarrassing incident at a local mall parking lot. ------- Featuring: Aaron Shore as Patty O'Reilly Reilerson, Jennifer Prescott as SooZannah Bahnahna, Danielle Seright as Josh's Mom, and Shawn Mayer as Archibald Woodcock Creator, Showrunner, and Host - Michael Kim Lewis Tech, Producer, and Editor - Joshua Zuar ------- Get Tickets to Dr. Fix Me Live! at The Lincoln Lodge in Chicago, IL Watch episodes of Dr. Fix Me Live! on YouTube TikTok @DrFixMe Instagram @DrFixMe Facebook @DrFixMeShow Enjoy the show? Let us know! drfixmeshow@gmail.com

October 24th: Adacia Avery Chambers Kills (2015) Danger can sneak up on you even when you least expect it. On October 24th 2015 a group of strangers stood together celebrating a town event. And, in an instant, became the victims of a tragedy no one saw coming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Oklahoma_State_University_homecoming_parade_attack, , https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/crime/2017/01/10/adacia-chambers-sentenced-to-life-in-prison/60625779007/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/columns/2016/09/15/driver-adacia-chambers-wanted-moments-after-last-years-fatal-homecoming-crash-prosecutors-revealed/60651349007/, https://okcfox.com/news/local/stillwater-community-remembers-victims-on-8th-anniversary-of-tragic-homecoming-crash-adacia-chambers-bonnie-marvin-stone-nikita-nakal-nash-lucas-osu, , https://www.cbsnews.com/news/adacia-chambers-oklahoma-state-homecoming-crash-sentenced/, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/26/us/driver-faces-murder-charges-in-crash-at-oklahoma-state-university-parade.html Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We're taking a trip back in time—way back to 2021—for a very special re-release! This isn't just any episode of Beer'd Al. It's the one where Russ and Lauren have their very first conversation. Like… ever.And what better album to bond over than "Weird Al" Yankovic's delightfully wacky Poodle Hat? Expect laughter, awkward charm, a few "getting to know you" moments, and of course, plenty of Weird Al love. So crack open a beer, cue up Poodle Hat, and relive the magic of the moment it all began.

In this episode, we sit down with Chris Wysopal (aka Weld Pond), co-founder of the legendary L0pht Heavy Industries and CTO/co-founder of Veracode. Chris takes us on a journey from programming BASIC on cassette tapes in the 1970s, through the golden age of BBS culture and phreaking, to testifying before the U.S. Senate as one of the first hackers to bring security concerns to Capitol Hill. You'll hear the untold story of an early penetration test gone spectacularly right—involving command injection, a manhole fire, voicemail hacking, and one very confused executive wondering why hackers wanted a Winnebago. Chris shares what it was like building the first hacker space in America, the challenges of turning hacking from hobby to business, and why creating a new security category took over a decade.

My First Scary Event Incident by Darlene by 826 Valencia

ACT 1: DEREK'S SIDE Guest: Derek (the dater)Host introduces Derek.Derek explains:He took Tori to P.F. Chang's.Everything went great — good food, nice talk, walked her to her door.He hasn't heard from her since.“I was a complete gentleman — nothing weird happened.”Hosts express curiosity and sympathy.Tease that Tori is on hold and ready to tell her side. ACT 2: TORI'S SIDEGuest: Tori (the date)Hosts bring Tori on.Tori hesitantly joins (“I can't believe I'm doing this”).She explains:Date was great until the end.As they were walking out, holding hands, Derek blew snot out of his nose onto the ground.“No tissue. Just plugged one nostril and fired.”Hosts react with a mix of shock and humor (“Oh no, no, no, no, no!”).Tori continues:Derek laughed afterward.Tried to hold her hand again.She was totally turned off.Hosts summarize:“So you ghosted him… because of the farmer's blow.” Tori: “Yes. 100%.”ACT 3: CONFRONTATIONGuests: Derek & Tori togetherDerek rejoins the call.Hosts recap what Tori said.Derek defends himself:“That's ridiculous! It's just a farmer's blow.”“Athletes do it all the time — football, baseball, soccer!”Tori fires back:“That's disgusting. Especially on a first date.”Hosts mediate, adding humor:“We're calling this ‘Snotgate 2025.'”Attempt at reconciliation:Host asks if Tori would give him another chance.Tori: “Absolutely not.”Derek: “I don't want to date someone intolerant.”Hosts wrap up the call: “Well, looks like we won't have a second date here.” ACT 4: HOSTS' REACTION & DEBRIEFHosts react to what just happened:“Why do guys have to be so gross at the worst times?”“Who does a snot rocket while holding hands?!”Brief debate:Host 1: “Maybe his nose was running!”Host 2: “He could've gone back inside for a tissue!”Add humor and relatable commentary:“Imagine a toddler stepping in that later — that's nightmare fuel.”Wrap up with a moral or takeaway:“Word to the wise: keep your farmer's blows for the field, not your first date.”See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Barstow Teacher Sues Over Firing From Charlie Kirk Incident: Why? | Mundo Clip 10-22-25See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Courtney fills the crew in on the latest news around the world. She discusses yet another plane incident and more in today's update.

In this episode, Rob and Jackson discuss the findings of the CSB report regarding an ammonia release incident at Cuisine Solutions in Sterling, Virginia. They delve into the details of the incident, the safety highlights from the report, and the recommendations made by the CSB to improve safety protocols. This episode highlights the importance of emergency preparedness, effective communication, and the need for robust safety systems in facilities handling hazardous materials. And as always, if Amplify can help your organization address these issues, please don't hesitate to reach out!Tune in to find out more and read the CSB's full report here!For more CSB final report breakdowns, check out the episodes below:Episode 129 - Incident Breakdown: Explosion, Molten Salt Eruption, and Fatal Injury at TS USA Liquid Nitriding FacilityEpisode 128 - Incident Breakdown: Honeywell Geismer, LA IncidentsEpisode 122 - Incident Breakdown: 2023 Fire Heater Fire at Marathon Martinez Renewables Facility⁠Episode 105 - Incident Breakdown: 2022 Fatal Naphtha Release and Fire at BP-Husky Toledo Refinery in Ohio⁠

Text Theshortdesk Podcast0:00Welcome Back And Setup1:39Question Of The Day: Island Fast Food5:43Fan Mail: Mental Health And Marcus Speaks12:58How To Send Fan Mail14:05Our Week: Work Grind And Life21:10Dodgeball At Winghouse And Weekend Vibes27:45Rec Sports, Savannah Bananas, And Baseball Rules33:10Church Concerns And Politics From The Pulpit42:30News: D'Angelo's Passing And Health Takes50:22News: Prank Culture, Chick-fil-A Incident, And Headlines57:20Sports: College Shakeups And Picks1:14:10Local High School Scores And Closing CTA1:20:20Song Of The Week Debate And Sign-OffImagine being stranded on an island with just one fast-food restaurant. What you pick says more than you think—about comfort, options, and how you handle the unknown. We kick off with a playful debate that turns into a surprisingly revealing look at choice and survival, then dive straight into a stack of unfiltered fan mail where Marcus shares raw thoughts on heartbreak, boundaries, and the daily work of men's mental health. It's candid, messy, and real in the best way.We shift from laughter to a heavy moment as we talk about leaving a church service that elevated politics over shared grief. That conversation sits alongside a heartfelt tribute to D'Angelo—his impact, his catalog, and a sober correction to the chorus of “just get checked” when certain cancers offer few reliable screenings. We push for compassion over performative advice, and for communities that honor every life with equal weight.Then it's off to weekend vibes: a Winghouse detour where a live dodgeball tournament steals the night, rec sports nostalgia, and the chaotic charm of the Savannah Bananas' rule-bending baseball. We cap it with college football shakeups, sharp betting lines, and a live parlay that could either cash or crash by Monday—plus a quick lap through Central Florida high school scores. The blend is the point: culture, grief, joy, faith, and sports living side by side without whiplash, just honest conversation and a lot of laughs.If you want clear takes, real stories, and the kind of friendship that makes space for both grief and jokes, you're in the right place. Follow and subscribe wherever you listen, rate the show to help more folks find us, and share this episode with someone who loves a good debate and a better takeaway. What would your island fast-food pick be?Cashapp: https://cash.app/$TheshortdeskPodcast3 Theshortdeskpodcast@gmail.comFB/IG: Theshortdesk PodcastTwitter: TheshortdeskUse my special link https://zen.ai/uQkFLEY_TedWNfNOZoR4bPR4j1xUVxkRPi0SuDovOcA to save 20% off your first month of any Zencastr paid planCreate your podcast today! #madeonzencastr https://zencastr.com/?via=ronald

I would like to thank Patreon member Xizer for suggesting this one, as Xizer put it    “An in depth look at General Kanji Ishiwara would be interesting. The man was the architect for the Mukden Incident that led to the Second Sino Japanese War, but he was vehemently opposed to the abuse and exploitation Japan's colonialism indulged in. His vocal condemnation of the brutality and excesses of the Imperial Japanese military foreign policy and Tojo in particular led to his removal, but he couldn't be executed for popularity in the rank and file. Even at the trials after the war he remained defiant, declaring that President Truman should be tried alongside the Axis War criminals for firebombing Japanese cities. He was truly a fascinating figure.   Indeed Kanji Ishiwara is a fascinating character and his story has a startling impact on the Pacific War and global history as a whole. Now by the time I am reading this the script got out of hand, its a long one haha, so it might have to be a multi parter, but I want to limit the first part to Ishiwara and how the Mukden Incident occurred first. It might come further down the road but I will finish the story of this fascinating man later on after hitting up more Patrons desired subjects, without further adieu enjoy part one of Kanji Ishiwara.    Kanji Ishiwara was born in Tsuruoka, Yamagata prefecture on January 18th of 1889. He was the second son of a policeman who was a descendent of a samurai family serving the Shonai Domain. His clan supported the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Boshin War and as a result of their defeat, alongside other Shogunal allied clans would see themselves shut off from larger governmental positions in Meiji Era Japan. Not to go too deep down that rabbit hole, but domains like Choshu and Satsuma would see the lionshare of higher positions, while domains who served on the opposite side would be cast out more.   Ishiware began his army career at the military preparatory school in Sendai at the age of 13, followed up by 2 years at the Central military preparatory school in tokyo. In 1907 he entered the military academy as a member of its 21st class. He left the academy in july of 1909 with the commission of Lieutenant and an assignment as platoon commander of an infantry regiment in Tohoku. After the annexation of Korea in 1910 his regiment was shipped over to the peninsula and he served at Ch'unch'on in a small garrison. After two years of occupation duty, Ishiwara returned to Tohoku and in 1915 passed the examinations necessary to enter the Army Staff college. He held an outstanding record, graduating top of his class in november of 1918 and would be amongst the elite ranks of the Gunto Gumi, receiving the imperial sword.   Now in 1920 he had a frustrating assignment with the department of military training he applied for service in China and received an assignment to the Central china garrison in Hankow. He spent a year traveling through central china before returning back to Tokyo in 1921 where he worked as a lecturer at the army staff college. He sought another China assignment, but his superiors sent him instead to Europe, as they did with all their promising young officers. He went to Germany for 3 years, studying languages and military history. In 1925, he was now a Major, 36 years of age and he received an assignment to the faculty of the army staff college to lecture about the history of war. Now from the very beginning of his character, Ishiwara proved himself a very unconventional officer. He was on the eccentric side, quite argumentative and burdened with a lot of health problems. He had multiple kidney infections, gastro-intestinal problems, tympanitis and other ailments that clawed at him. You also cant forget his ancestry which was important to the Japanese military even in the 1930s. Many of those that came from a disgraced clan had the habit of going above and beyond in terms of imperial loyalty, sort of like a way to rid themselves of the stigma of distrust that was seen in the early Meiji years.   Ishiwara was a bit bizarre, he was nonconforming, quite an independent spirit you would say. Many biographers of his point out, while he held an outstanding record in his education, this went alongside things like his disregard for military punctilio, such as his dress and appearance. In his early career he spoke out against inequalities he saw within the military such as what he saw as favoritism for staff college graduates. Such talk was quite reckless. He read a lot about politics, religion, history and philosophy, he seemed to have quite the restless mind. His behavior drew attention from his colleagues, many deeming him brilliant.   Now everyone in any military has to learn about military history, but not all seek to learn it outside the required readings and such. Ishiwara is one of those rare individuals who was obsessed with learning more about military history. He read about the Russo Japanese war and took quite a critical look at it. He believed the Japanese victory was due to a large part because of luck. He thought Japan had taken the von Moltke strategy of annihilation, but Russia was simply to large to be dislodged from Asia with a swift stroke. If Russia had preserved herself better, he believed Japan would have lost and it was only by a peculiar set of circumstances that Japan had avoided a war of endurance. Ishiwara believed if such a set of circumstance occurred again, Japan defense planning would need to change dramatically to base itself on the realities of modern warfare. This led him to read thoroughly about WW1 in europe and he looked critically at the differences between a short duration vs long duration war. How prolonged conflicts eventually became total wars where politics, economics and social order played larger roles, than just that of the military. This led him to think of categories for different types of war such as “kessenteki senso / decisive war” and “jizokuteki senso / continuous war”. He viewed these two types as flowing back and forth throughout history, in a cyclical rhythm.    While in Germany he studied Clausewitz, von Moltke and the works of Hans Delbruck. He was particularly taken by Delbrucks niederwerfungstragie “strategy of annihilation, the decisive battle” and ermattungsstrategie “the strategy of exhaustion”. He could see his own theorizes more fleshed out in such works and took quite a liking to them. This brought him to analyze the Napoleonic war as the archetype of the war of annihilation and the wars of Frederick the Great as that of a war of exhaustion.    Now further on in his studies, Ishiwara became convinced like many of his colleagues, that Japan and the United States for reasons of power and ideology were on a set course for war. He also concluded such a war would be a protracted one, that of a strategy of exhaustion. But how could Japan prepare for such a protracted war when her natural resources were so clearly inadequate. This led him to think more so about Asia. Ishiwara believed Asia was an entity distinctly different from the west. He held beliefs that Asia should be liberated and unite. During the Xinhai revolution of 1911, as a young cadet in Korea, Ishiwara was quite excited by the idea China might revitalize itself, but he became disillusioned during his time in China later. In the 1920's he dealt with bandits, warlord era conflicts, chaos and disorder, seeing poverty everywhere, all of this shattered his image of China progressing and reforming herself. He wrote this during that time “Looking at the situation in China, I came to harbor grave doubts as to the political capacities of the chinese race and came to feel that, though they were a people of high cultural attainment, it was impossible for them to construct a modern state”. Despite how disappointed he was with the political problems of China, he was likewise disgusted with how his Japanese colleagues treated the Chinese. He recalled feelings of shame when he saw fellow colleagues in Hankow descending from rickshaws and tossing coins to the ground at the rickshaw mens feet. He would constantly write of how the Japanese needed to shed their racial superiority feelings, but funny enough he would write this alongside his beliefs it was necessary for Japan to help guide nations like China to their destiny. While he may have held beliefs in racial equality between Japan and China, he certainly did not think the same of China's politics. Like the majority of his colleagues he believed China required reform and modernization that Japan should usher in. To Ishiwara the issue at hand was if Japan did not help China, the west would aggressively do so and thus subjugate her further. To Ishiwara China needed liberation. Ishiwara also linked the incoming war between Japan and the United States to play a large role for what would occur between China and Japan.   Ishiwara like many Japanese officers held beliefs concerning the Kokutai. I will try to summarize exactly what the Kokutai is, but honestly its a unbelievably complex cultural phenomenon. The Kokutai was a spiritual motive force that influenced the Japanese military. It can be viewed as the national character of Japan. Japan was a constitutional monarchy that held the Kokutai (national body or character)  and Seitai (government body/structure). Thus there was in reality two ideologies, one held the traditional belief focusing on that of the emperor and that of the official government. If I were to give you a overly confusing summary, I would tell you “Japan is run by the emperor and the government simultaneously” this of course if confusing as hell, and it should be. Article 4 of the former Japanese constitution held “the emperor is the head of the empire, combining in himself the right of sovereignty, uniting the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, although subject to the consent of the imperial diet”. Its like saying you have an absolute monarch, but he will be listening and following the democratically elected people. This contradiction would lead to the Pacific War. A large issue that would emerge is that the constitution literally said the navy and army were controlled by the Emperor and not the political diet. Thus many in the military viewed themselves subject to the Kokutai, which as an ideology would evolve dramatically from the Meiji era to the Showa Era. For example, what if you are a military high ranking officer who views the political elites as nothing more than criminals, taking the emperor hostage against his will and thus against the will of the Japanese people. Well this might lead you to try and overthrow the government to make sure the Emperor was really in charge as you think he should be. A real rabbit hole I could go down.   Ishiwara had a unique view of the Kokutai. In his early education he wrote this about his doubt on understanding it as a principal. “Even though I, myself, because of my training…had come to have an unshakeable faith in the kokutai I began to lack confidence that I could imparts this belief to others –to the common soldier, to the civilian, to non-Japanese”. His issue was how did the Kokutai apply outside Japan? How could its value transcend the national boundaries and interests of Japan? If a Japanese soldier was to sacrifice his life for the Kokutai, how did this take on any meaning for men of all races? How could the kokutai's supra-national value by linked to other outside ideologies?   Ishiwara found some answers to these questions in Nichiren Buddhism. It seems here he was able to combine his conceptions about war, history and national purpose. Now Ishiwara did not come from a religious family. He dabbled in christianity for a bit, but did not pursue it. Shinto likewise did not sufficiently fulfill Shiwara' beliefs. Nichiren Buddhism is strongly patriotic, has a apocalyptic character to it and represents a holy mission to be the religion for all mankind with the center of propagation as Japan. There was this kind of quasi idea of world regeneration behind it with Japan as the moral righteous leader. Thus as you can imagine the Kokutai and Nichiren buddhism sort of fit like a glove in many ways.    Utilizing Nichiren Buddhism, the kokutai could be raised from its purely national dogma and be amplified to the entire world. Ishiwara was introduced to all of this by Tanaka Chigaku who was part of the Kokuchukai “national pillar society” a nichiren nationalist organization with an HQ in tokyo. After attending a public meeting held by Tanaka, he quickly converted to Kokuchukai and he would write down in his journal “I was attracted to the Nichiren faith's view of the kokutai”. Nichiren buddhism.    One aspect of Kokuchukai's nichirenism that greatly appealed to Ishiwara was its combative passages. Ishiwara would justify and attribute much of the military force Japan used on the asian continent drawing parallels to Nicherns idea of drawing the sword to defend righteousness. He often quoted nichirens statement “that the significance of the art of war appears in the wonderful law”. Ishiwara become engulfed by the nichiren doctrine and came to believe in its prediction that there would be a “Zendai mimon no dai toso / titanic world conflict, unprecedented in human history”, something like a global armageddon. After this would come a reign of universal and eternal peace under the harmony of “the wonderful law”.   While in Germany Ishiwara became convinced that if Japan and the United States were destined for war and the US won that war, the kokutai would be destroyed. He took the trans-siberian railway enroute back to Japan and stopped in Harbin. There he met with Nichiren believers and he spoke to them about his idea of “a final war”. He stated he believed it would come through religious prediction and his military analysis. He warned everyone Japan must hasten herself for it and that “the final war is fast approaching”. Ishiwara came back to Japan in 1925 fired up with conviction to lecture at the army staff college about his final war. His audience was the army's bright and youthful officers. He taught them Frederican and Napoleonic campaigns, Moltke and WW1 and of course his thoughts on the future conflict before them all. The Army staff college continuously called for him to expand his lectures because they were so popular. Then in 1927 he drafted an essay titled “Genzai oyobi shorai Nihon no kokubo / Japan's present and future national defense”. Here he spoke about the inevitable war between the US and Japan. These were quite provocative and took a hell of a lot of attention from colleagues. Later on in april of 1931, he would brief his fellow Kwantung officers using the essay, arguing the need for decisive action on the asian mainland.   In 1928 he would have given another course on European war, but he came down with influenza and was forced to take leave. As he was getting better he was hit with a case of tympanitis in his ear and had to be hospitalized for 6 months. It was to be one of many ailments that would grind at his health. He eventually was drawn into an elite study circle to talk about war theories led by Major Suzuki. The group consisted of young reformist type officers who talked about political and military issues. He carried on his work on the final war and eventually wrote “Sensoshi taikan / general outline of the history of war” which was delivered as a lecture before Kwantung officers at Changch'un in Manchuria on July 4th of 1929. It would receive revisions in 1931, 1938 and became a book of the same title after 1941. As he began lecturing using Sensoshi taiken he also circulated amongst an inner circle within the Kwantung army “kokuun tenkai no konpon kokusakutaru man-mo mondai kaiketsuan / Plan for the solution of the Manchuria and Mongolia problem as a basic national policy to revolutionize our country's destiny”, what a title. As you might guess the plan called for occupying Manchuria in preparation for the upcoming war with America. By the way, all of his lectures and works would gain so much fame, he was asked in 1936 to adapt the materials for a text on military history for Emperor Hirohito.    Now the 1930's were quite a tense time for Japan. The Japanese leadership saw Marxism everywhere, and believed it was withering away their nation. Japanese liberal types were arguing the military budget was out of hand, many were calling for reduction. To Ishiwara it was insanity, how could Japan not arm itself? Marxists preached communism would save Japan; Liberals preached true democracy would save Japan; Ishiwara and many in the army preached the Kokutai would save Japan. Ishiwara preached his final war theories and that the coming apocalypse would not see an American synthesis, but a supreme victory for the Japanese kokutai that would unify the world. “Japan must be victorious not for the sake of her own national interest, but for the salvation of the world. The last war in human history is approaching, Nichiren's titanic world conflict, unprecedented in human history”.   From the offset of his initial theories, Ishiwara believed the final war would be a strategy of exhaustion. But WW1 and the 1920's brought technological advances such as tanks, poison gas and the airplane. The airplane in particular made Ishiwara believe the defensive stalemate seen in WW1 was coming to an end. Airpower could deliver bomb loads past all known defenses such as naval surface units, fortresses, armies with automatic weapons. He believed the final war would see absolute horrors brought upon the greatest cities of the world. London, Shanghai, Paris even Tokyo would be wiped out within a day of the commencement of hostilities. Air bombardment would deliver victory and he would be quite right about that in regards to what would happen to Japan. He believed such a war would be waged only once and “we will enter an age where war will become impossible because of the ultimate development of war technology”.   Ishiwara argued Japan must directly or indirectly control Manchuria and to a lesser degree over parts of China. He asserted Japan had a moral obligation to the asian continent and a special relationship to Manchuria and China. China must be stabilized, for her people were threatened by turmoil, corruption and conflict. He argued Japan would be eventually obliged for the sake of peace and the welfare of the Chinese people to take a more active effort to stabilize her, particularly in Manchuria. He wrote in 1930 “To save China, which has known no peace, is the mission of Japan, a mission, which, at the same time, is the only means for the salvation of Japan itself. To accomplish this task it is an urgent matter that the interference of the United States be eliminated”. Ironically, he was advocating that in order to prepare for a conflict with the US, Japan must take a stronger hand in Manchuria and China…which would probably force the United States to confront her. He advocated against the strategy of a decisive battle at sea, instead emphasizing a continental strategy. “If the worst comes about and the war at sea turns against us, if proper measures have been taken, Japanese forces on the Asian mainland can be made self-sufficient and the war continued.” Above all else, Manchuria was the key, alongside parts of Mongolia and China.    In 1931 he began writing about how China needed to reform and it would be in her best interest to accept Japanese guidance. He saw China as the most valuable ally to be beside Japan in the event of war with the United States. If anything he argued Japan must try to not become involved in a war with China, every effort should be made to avoid provoking such an event. Yet as he continued his writing he began to see the diplomatic issues play out between China and Japan and came to the conclusion, “every attempt should be made to avoid provoking China, but in the event that it is impossible to bring about China's understanding, then Nanking should be swiftly attacked and north and central China occupied” way to go 0-60. His attitudes to Britain and Russia were quite similar, every effort should be made to remain friendly, but in the case of war Hong Kong and Malaya should be quickly occupied or in the case of the USSR, predetermined objectives inside Siberia should be seized quickly.    Now lets talk about Manchuria, specifically Manchuria in the late 1920's. Manchuria was in a huge tug of war between Russia, China and Japan. Her ties to China proper were severed by years of warlordism allowing Japan to grow her position. For Japan, the quote “manchurian problem” as it would be known centered on a single question “how to consolidate and expand it under Japanese influence in the face of an expanding China”. Japan saw 3 viable methods, taking control over the south manchuria railway, using the kwantung army and Japanese colonists, the good old filibuster approach. Each of these 3 methods offered different approaches to the same problem which of course would have very different outcomes.    Controlling the railway allowed quite a lot of control over southern Manchuria. The issue with this of course being Japan having to constantly fight off Chinese political efforts against such control. Zhang Zuolin, the Tiger of Manchuria and arguably greatest of the warlords of China held control over Manchuria and was firmly acting in Japanese interests, but for how long would he play ball? To the Kwantung Army members operating in and around Manchuria, the northern expedition of Chiang Kai-shek was getting out of hand and threatening Zhang Zuolin and thus their interests as well. Anti-Japanese sentiment was only getting worse as the northern expedition climbed north. The Kwangtung army sought more than anything to assert and retain their control over Manchuria, because it offered a buffer against the USSR. Anything that threatened that control had to be dealt with. Ultimately it was believed by many in the Kwantung Army that Manchuria would have to be separated officially from China and in order for this to occur, Japan would most likely need to use force.    Senior officers of the Kwantung army were invited in June of 1927 for a meeting called upon by Premier Tanaka Giichi. The purpose of the meeting was to formulate Japan's policy toward China and Manchuria. A more radical Kwantung army group headed by Colonel Komoto Daisaku sought to eliminate Zhang Zuolin, as he was increasingly being seen as a major obstacle to Japanese ambitions in Manchuria. Well they would do just that in 1928 when Zhang Zuolin was assassinated via a bomb placed on train tracks known as the Huanggutun incident. The assassination did not work out as the Kwantung Army officers thought it would. Instead of their groomed puppet General Yang Yuting taking up the role as leader of Manchuria, it went instead to Zhang Zuolin's son, Zhang Xueliang, who lets just say was not too happy the Japanese had obviously killed his father. Thus the Kwantung Army did not assert the forceful policy they wanted in Manchuria, they had actually made it worse for them.   The half-hearted investigation into those responsible for killing Zhang Zuolin, led to the removal of Colonel Komoto from his post. Tanaka's cabinet was toppled. The Kwantung army were now embarrassed and angry that their stance in Manchuria was weakened. The Japanese colonists within Manchuria felt more threatened and called more so upon the Kwantung army for protection against Chinese nationalists wishing to kick them out. The Kwantung army was grasping at straws trying to think of a way to sever Manchuria from China. In 1928, Ishiwara was a lt colonel and he was consulted in length by Kwantung officers about his views on the Manchurian problem. While he had not fully hashed out his Final War theory by this point, he nonetheless spoke about the fundamentals of it, arguing the necessity of taking action to control Manchuria. For the next few years, all efforts were made by Kwantung officers to influence policy towards Manchuria. Ishiwara's ideas were being stimulated and influencing the debate over Manchuria amongst his high ranking colleagues. In October of 1928, Ishiwara sought and received an appointment to the Kwantung army staff. The assignment was to be as an operations officer and his number one backer was Colonel Komoto Daisaku. It seemed Komoto saw Ishiwara as the firebrand necessary to push the Manchurian policies they wanted.   When Ishiwara arrived at Port Arthur, he found the Kwantung Army HQ in a state of confusion and demoralization. This of course was a large part due to the cluster fuck of a failure from the bombing of Zhang Zuolin. The investigation into the assassination led to many shifts within the Kwantung army staff, many quite restrictive. Even though Komoto's career was shattered by the Zhang Zuolin failure, he kept arguing to his colleagues that the Manchurian crisis hamukdend to be resolved by force. Ishiwara it seems agreed with this and during the early months of 1929 worked alongside Komoto, planning operations against Chinese forces in the Mukden area. By spring of 1929, Komoto was officially being kicked out. By May he was relegated to a divisional backwater in Japan and by June he was out of the army. This did not mean however that he lost influence on Manchurian affairs. Komoto's replacement was Lt Colonel Itagaki Seishiro and old comrade of Ishiwara since Sendai military preparatory school.    For the next two and a half years, Ishiwara and Itagaki worked alongside other Kwantung Army staff to solve the Manchurian problem as they saw it. By the mid 1931's the idea Manchuria needed to be seized via force was now the mainstream viewpoint for the Kwantung army in general. Ishiwara believed firmly that Japan could no longer stand idle in Manchuria, because every day that went by saw little by little, Japan relinquishing rights and interests in Manchuria to China, and at some point they would simply be kicked out. To “quit manchuria” would be a national disaster, they would lose their buffer state, the resources and the land for their booming population to emigrate to. Simply put Manchuria was the steroid keeping Japan alive, she needed it to continue to grow. Ishiwara would often say “manchuria provides Japan with breathing space” where have we heard that type of talk before?. To the military heads in Tokyo Ishikawa would often assert Manchuria had to be seized via force, because of the soviethreat of the USSR and communism as a whole “In view of the traditional russian policy in that area, once the soviets advanced into manchuria, it would become a base for the communization of asia. Not only would the internal stability of manchuria become impossible to maintain, but Japan would be unable to maintain its own national defense, and China's defenses, too, would become imperialized". The Army HQ in Tokyo likewise agreed Manchuria was the vital defensive line against the USSR. But unlike the Kwantung army who sought all of Manchuria, the heads in Tokyo sought to absorb southern Manchuria via the south manchurian railway and did not seek anything north of it. Ishiwara however assumed the only way Japan could prevent the USSR from placing pressure on southern Manchuria was no less that Japan having to occupy northern Manchuria and even further north towards the Amur River so Japan could control the mountain ranges flanking western and eastern frontiers of northern manchuria.  Once Japan controlled northern Manchuria, Ishiwara stated in 1931 “With the solution of our defense problems in the north, we would then be free to plan an advance in any direction: to China proper, for example, or even to Southeast Asia”.   Ishiwara took all of this a step further, after Manchuria was conquered, Japan would have to somehow administer and pacify the peoples of it. Ishiwara argued the stability of Manchuria would be developed through the special talents of various races living there. The Chinese would develop the small businesses in the region, the Koreans would use their paddy farming knowledge, etc. These racial ideas would contribute to the development of Manchukuo and the greater east asia co-prosperity sphere. But above all else, Manchuria would serve the interests of Japan, many of which would be exploitative and economic in nature.    By early 1930 Ishiwara and Itagaki worked out a plan using the same strategy used during the Russo-Japanese war, a surprise night attack. The Kwantung army would assault the Liaoning area hitting important Chinese garrisons. The plans had to be meticulous as the Kwantung army was severely smaller than most of the Manchurian forces led by Zhang Xueliang. Around Mukden alone Zhang held 20,000 men well equipped with aircraft and tanks. Throughout all of Manchuria, if a war arose, Zhang could assemble roughly 250,000 troops to bear down on an enemy. The Kwantung army meanwhile could muster 10,000 men which were basically garrison units around the railway. They did not have significant aircraft nor mechanized forces at hand, and were pretty poorly equipped to boot. Ishiwara's answer to the disparity in forces called for the use of intelligence and rigorous training. He sought to perfect specific assault techniques so that when the conflict broke out, the Japanese would use lightning speed and effective concentration of force to overwhelm the Chinese. The plan overall was remarkably simplistic, wagering everything on dealing a crushing blow at the center of Zhang Xueliangs military powerbase at the Peitaying barracks at Mukden. If this fell, he predicted the enemy's morale would break, giving the Kwantung the necessary military and psychological momentum to subdue the surrounding areas. If the USSR got involved, the plan would have gone to utter shit.   One important variable Ishiwara highlighted was the necessity to pull off the operation before any attempt to restructure the domestic order in Japan occurred. Ishiwara knew his arguments and those of his colleagues would influence the heads in Tokyo, and they had to act before they did. However the heads at Tokyo and the Kwantung army held very different perspectives on when to act. In June of 1931 the Central army HQ stated in its General Outline of a solution to the Manchurian problem “we must defer the question of military action for a whole year. During this time the foreign ministry would attempt to dampen anti japanese activities in manchuria through negotiations with the government of Nanking. In the meantime the government would launch an information campaign to try and drive acquiescence at home and aboard for military action ”. Ishiwara as you can imagine was very bitter about the idea of prolonging for a year and argued the international environment meant they must strike immediately. The Soviet 5 year plan was still in mid course; the US, Britain and France had yet to overcome their financial crisis and could offer limited resistance in the far east and most obviously the Nationalist regime in China was still busy in its unification efforts south of the Great wall, but that would change soon. If they waited a year all of this would change for the worse, the time was now or never to Ishiwara.   In july of 1931 Ishiwara and Itagki organized a final major staff reconnaissance designed to get the newest Kwantung officers up to date with northern Manchuria. To cover for what they were doing they told high command it was a survey against the USSR, but it was of course to investigate the Chinese power in northern manchuria. On their return trip, the party heard of the disappearance of one Kwantung staff officer, captain Nakamura Shintaro. Ishiwara and the others found out when they reached Port Arthur and the rumor spread that Captain Nakamura had been killed by Chinese soldiers under “mysterious circumstances”. Now over the past few months there had been violent riots, murders, work strikes and other incidents occurring in Manchuria. The Nakamura affair flared all of these tensions up. Seeing the paint on the wall, Chinese and Japanese foreign ministries tried to negotiate the issue, but those at the central army HQ like Nagata Tetsuzan who were sympathetic to the impatience of their Kwantung colleagues felt compelled to aid them. For Ishiwara the issue was clear as he wrote “the Nakamura incident adds just one more issue to the others. What the army should do now is to ignore the foreign ministry and solve the problem by taking matters into its own hands”. And that is just what he did. The Kwantung officers took their forces outside the railway zone, which they had been restricted to and without waiting for approval from Itagaki who was in Japan at the time, initiated the steps to despatch an armored train and a mixed regiment of infantry and artillery forces to go to Mukden to get the Chinese military to help investigate the Nakamura disappearance. Tokyo got word of this and dispatched a telegram to stop their departure from the railway and to not use the Nakamura incident as a way to use force to solve the manchurian problem.   For Ishiwara this was the last straw. On August 20th he sent a message to Nagata condemning the current diplomatic situation and that negotiations were an utter waste of time. “There is no way to settle the matter except by placing it in the hands of the army. If central hq finds it so difficult to trust its field personnel then it had better replace them with representatives more suitable to the conditions it imagines to exist in Manchuria”. Ishiwara doubled down and pushed for a plot to provoke military conflict outside of Mukden. As he wrote in almost a messianic Nichiren conviction ‘I will be the pillar of Japan; I will be the eyes of Japan; I will be the great vessel of Japan” .   “Gekokujo / ruling from below” is a Japanese historical term referring to when subordinates defy or manipulate their superiors. Ishiwara and his like minded close colleagues were about to perform Gekokujo. On september 18th, 1931 a bomb was planted by the Kwantung army on the tracks of the south manchuria railway at Liutiaokou and it exploded. Japanese troops under the guise the bomb was a “chinese terrorist attack” moved to swiftly overrun the Peitaying barracks. Ishiwara's plot had finally unfolded. 

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In 1988, the Knowles family's journey across Australia's remote Nullarbor Plain turned into a nightmare, when in the pre-dawn hours of January 20th, they encountered a glowing, egg-shaped object that chased their car along the Eyre Highway. They claimed the light emitted a high-pitched hum, filled the car with a gray mist, and lifted the vehicle off the road before dropping it, blowing out a tire. Fleeing in terror, they found the car dented and covered in black dust. A police officer confirmed their distress, and a truck driver reported seeing strange lights in the same area. What attacked the Knowles family that night? This week, we take a look. Visit our website for a lot more information on this episode.

Listen to the full Hour episode and get your Free 7 days Patreon trail - Go Directly to this Patreon Episode - https://www.patreon.com/posts/fitness-video-in-141514055 Picture this: it's a high-energy Beachbody shoot, lights on, cameras rolling, everyone looking their fittest then one of Chalene's closest friends makes a desperate last-minute decision that sends the entire set into chaos. What follows involves some very tiny shorts, an urgent dash offstage, and a behind-the-scenes moment no one will ever forget. This story is part of The Saturday Spill series a little peek into the wild, unfiltered stuff that usually stays on Patreon. Some weeks it's hilarious, some weeks it's jaw-dropping, but it's always real life that doesn't quite fit on the regular show. If you're into a little chaos and behind-the-scenes tea, you're in the right place. If you love it, amazing…you can listen to the full, unedited version here http://Chalene.com/more    

Plus: Goldman Sachs forms a new team to focus on financing data centers to capitalize on the AI boom. And China's Defense Ministry purges several high-ranking military officials. Zoe Kuhlkin hosts. Sign up for WSJ's free What's News newsletter. An artificial-intelligence tool assisted in the making of this episode by creating summaries that were based on Wall Street Journal reporting and reviewed and adapted by an editor. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brooke is OUT on drinking water, Jose had an unwelcome visitor on his stream, Alexis is learning the magic of radio, and Jeff had an INCIDENT involving a hotel robe... It's time to go around the room and share What's On Our Minds!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

HEADLINE: China's Coordinated Aggression in the South China Sea: Analyzing the Philippine Vessel Ramming Incident GUEST NAMES: John Batchelor (Host) and Jim Fanell, Retired US Navy Intelligence Officer 1000-WORD SUMMARY: The program featured an in-depth discussion between host John Batchelor and Jim Fanell, a retired United States Navy intelligence officer, focusing on a recent and troubling ramming incident in the contested waters of the South China Sea's Spratly Islands. This incident involved Chinese vessels deliberately ramming a Philippine resupply ship that was en route to a Philippine outpost, marking another escalation in the ongoing territorial disputes that have made the South China Sea one of the world's most volatile maritime flashpoints. Fanell provided expert analysis that fundamentally reframes how this incident should be understood. Rather than viewing it as an isolated action by an overzealous ship captain acting independently or a spontaneous confrontation that escalated beyond control, Fanell argues that the ramming was a carefully coordinated operation directed from the highest levels of the Chinese Communist Party. This assessment carries significant implications for understanding China's strategic intentions and the level of state control exercised over what might otherwise appear to be tactical-level maritime incidents. The coordinated nature of the operation becomes evident when examining the composition and deployment of Chinese forces involved in the incident. Fanell detailed that the ramming was not carried out by a single vessel but was instead supported by a substantial flotilla of Chinese maritime assets. This included vessels from China's maritime militia—ostensibly civilian fishing vessels that operate under state direction and serve paramilitary functions—multiple Coast Guard cutters representing China's official law enforcement presence at sea, and significantly, a warship from the People's Liberation Army Navy, representing the direct involvement of China's military forces. This multi-layered deployment of assets from different organizational structures within China's maritime forces demonstrates a level of coordination and planning that could only originate from centralized command authority. The presence of military, paramilitary, and quasi-civilian forces operating in concert reveals a sophisticated strategy designed to apply overwhelming pressure while maintaining some degree of plausible deniability about the military nature of the confrontation. Fanell emphasized that this incident is not an isolated occurrence but rather part of a consistent and identifiable pattern of Chinese operations concentrated in several key areas of the South China Sea. He specifically mentioned Scarborough Shoal, Sandy Cay, and Second Thomas Shoal as focal points of these coordinated Chinese activities. Each of these locations represents a contested feature in the South China Sea where the Philippines maintains claims and, in some cases, physical presence through grounded vessels or small outposts that serve as territorial markers. Scarborough Shoal, located approximately 120 miles from the Philippine coast, has been under effective Chinese control since a 2012 standoff, despite lying well within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone as defined by international law. Second Thomas Shoal has become particularly contentious because the Philippines deliberately grounded a World War II-era vessel, the Sierra Madre, on the shoal in 1999 to serve as a permanent outpost. The vessel houses a small garrison of Philippine marines, and China has repeatedly attempted to prevent resupply missions to this outpost, creating recurring confrontations. The pattern Fanell describes reveals a strategy of incremental pressure designed to exhaust the Philippines' ability and willingness to maintain its presence in these disputed areas. By consistently interfering with resupply operations, China aims to make it prohibitively difficult, dangerous, and expensive for the Philippines to sustain its outposts, potentially forcing their eventual abandonment and allowing China to assert de facto control. Fanell's analysis places this aggressive maritime behavior within the broader context of China's strategic objectives in the South China Sea. The Chinese Communist Party's ultimate goal, according to Fanell, is to establish complete sovereignty over the entire South China Sea, despite the overlapping claims of multiple neighboring countries including the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan, and despite a 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague that rejected China's expansive claims as having no legal basis under international law. Control of the South China Sea would provide China with several strategic advantages. The region contains vital shipping lanes through which approximately one-third of global maritime trade passes, including substantial energy shipments to East Asian economies. The area is believed to contain significant oil and natural gas reserves, though estimates vary widely. Additionally, control of the South China Sea would extend China's defensive perimeter far from its mainland coast and provide greater ability to project power throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Fanell also contextualized the ramming incident within the current state of US-China relations, suggesting that China's aggressive actions are partly designed to apply pressure on the United States during a period of heightened economic tensions between the two powers. The United States has maintained that it has a national interest in preserving freedom of navigation in the South China Sea and has conducted regular "freedom of navigation operations" to challenge what it views as excessive Chinese maritime claims. The United States also maintains a mutual defense treaty with the Philippines, though the precise circumstances under which this treaty would be invoked in response to incidents in disputed waters remains a subject of ongoing strategic ambiguity. The incident and Fanell's analysis raise critical questions about the trajectory of tensions in the South China Sea and the potential for escalation. If China continues to employ increasingly aggressive tactics, coordinated at the highest levels of government, the risk of a serious confrontation—whether with the Philippines directly or with the United States in its role as a treaty ally—increases substantially. The international community faces the challenge of responding to Chinese actions that systematically erode the rules-based international order while stopping short of the kind of overt military aggression that would trigger clear and immediate responses. 1939 REUBEN JAMES