Podcasts about episode seventeen

Candace and Kyle get another chance to talk with our favorite mentor, expert and guru on hormones and hormone testing, Dr. David Zava, Ph.D., CEO and founder of ZRT Laboratory, one of the foremost hormone testing labs in the US and globally.   A biochemist by trade and a teacher at heart, Dr. Zava started out as a breast cancer researcher involved in international clinical trials looking into the development of breast cancers genetics and epigenetics of breast cancers. This is yet another challenging listen in which Dr. Zava shares his breast cancer research, as well as cutting-edge science and information women can use to prevent the hormone imbalances that put us at risk for breast cancer and what we can do to prevent a breast cancer or its recurrence. Here are some of the issues and answers we cover in this episode: Hidden hormone imbalances and risks for breast cancer What do these things have to do with breast cancer? – heavy metals/ environmental  toxins– poor diet/insulin resistance – being continually stressed out/ too much Cortisol– not sleeping well/lack of Melatonin How Environmental Chemical Carcinogens like heavy metals and xenoestrogens increase our risks for breast cancer How testing our hormones can alert us to  hormonal risks for breast cancer.  Why  estrogen is called “the Angel of Life” and  “the Angel of Death”  How the buildup of estrogen increases risk of breast cancer (BC) and how supplementing with progesterone can reduce our risk significantly When good estrogens go bad – if they go down the wrong pathways to damage DNA and lead to a BC Genetics vs. Epigenetics – which is more of a risk for BC? The importance of cruciferous vegetables, DIM, Indole 3 carbuncle assist the proper metabolism of estrogens Obesity and the insulin connection to breast cancer  Women, wine and breast cancer here and in Europe Dr. Z’s suggested breast protective supplements and lifestyle changes …and so much more… We are privileged to have Dr. Zava share his formidable knowledge about breast cancer to help women move from awareness to action and prevent a breast cancer that may be waiting to happen.  “Breast cancer risks start to show up with prolonged stress, the high cortisol levels, the lack of sleep, the low melatonin, the poor appetite, the lack of exercise, etc., but if we improve our lifestyle, keep our hormones balanced… eat the right amount of the right foods (eat the rainbow), get enough sleep in a dark room, stop smoking, eat and drink in moderation, reduce our stress levels…if we do each one of those things on a regular basis…. this is going to decrease your breast cancer risk by half.” – Dr. David Zava Listen on Apple Podcasts Listen on Spotify Show Notes to Episode Seventeen

Hello everyone and welcome!  Episode Seventeen features my conversation with Priya Nanjappa (photo courtesy of Kevin Urbanek).  Among other things, Priya spent ten years with the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA), and served as the state agencies coordinator for Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC), and she currently serves as one of the commissioners on the Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission. During our conversation, we got into the nuts and bolts of wildlife conservation, and we also talked about the Recovering America's Wildlife Act, which should be of interest to anyone who enjoys herps (or any wildlife, for that matter). From Rep Dingell's press release: "RAWA is the most signification investment in wildlife and habitat conservation in a generation. The bill would dedicate roughly $1.4 billion to the Wildlife Conservation Restoration Program for proactive, voluntary efforts led by the states, territories and tribal nations to prevent vulnerable wildlife from becoming endangered."  That's 1.4 billion EVERY YEAR, folks. On another note, you all should know that So Much Pingle is not Priya's first podcast rodeo - we also talked about her guest appearance (as it were) on Alie Ward's Ologies podcast, where the subject was "Bufology". You can listen to the Ologies toad episode on your favorite podcast platform. You can also follow Priya on twitter (@toadallypriya) and on Instagram (wildbeautifulworld). Thanks for coming on the show, Priya, and hanging in there while we worked through some technical difficulties!  And thanks for listening, everyone!  Please keep the comments and suggestions coming!  The show email is somuchpingle@gmail.com, and there’s also a So Much Pingle group on Facebook, for discussion, comments, feedback, suggestions, herp confessions. toad therapy, tips for herping better, etc. Stay tuned for more episodes! And don’t forget to herp better! -Mike  

Episode Seventeen features Odili Donald Odita. He is an abstract painter whose work explores color both in the figurative historical context, and in the sociopolitical sense. He is best known for his large-scale canvases with kaleidoscopic patterns and vibrant hues, which he uses to reflect the human condition. Born in Nigeria and raised in the American Midwest, Odita’s work is also heavily inspired by a sense of dual identity, combining aspects of Western modernity with African culture. His practice speaks to a contrast of cultures and a desire to create something new from a set of distinct parts. In this sense, his paintings, like a stitched or quilted textile, are weavings from different spaces, times and various temperaments, which convey the complexity of culture, identity, and being.’ Odita has had several solo exhibitions in museums and institutions, has exhibited extensively in the United States and internationally and has been commissioned to paint many large-scale wall installations. Included are links to Odili Donald Odita’s complete bio and many accomplishments. He is currently represented by the Jack Shainman Gallery, NYC. Please enjoy this reflective discussion about Art and Humanity. Photo credit: Jide Alakija https://jackshainman.com/viewing_room/odili_donald_odita_mirror https://www.odilidonaldodita.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odili_Donald_Odita https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamlehrer/2016/02/10/artist-odili-donald-odita-emphasizes-human-discrepancies-through-color-and-lines-at-jack-shainman/#3f3bca66d8ed https://hyperallergic.com/269432/painted-colors-in-conflicted-motion/

Episode Seventeen of the Punk Rock Classrooms Podcast! "Circle Pits are for Classrooms!" Don't we want our classrooms and schools to be places that are engaging, active, and moving together with a common mission? Well, then we want them to be just like circle pits. In this episode Mike and Josh discuss how schools and classrooms are the perfect place for circle pits. Kids up and engaged, moving together, and picking each other up when they "fall" in the learning. We all have a role to play in the pit. You might be the band on the stage or maybe your administrator is. Heck, the kids can even be directing the pit from the stage. The key is that we are all in it together, we are working in unity, and we are their to pick each other up. So...let open up the pit. Twitter twitter.com/punkclassrooms twitter.com/educhefearnshaw twitter.com/JoshRBuckley Intro music - "C.E.B." by No Innocent Victim Outro music - "Caught in a Mosh" by Anthrax Check out our PRC Playlist here for all of the rad tunes we use: bit.ly/PRCPlaylist

Episode SEVENTEEN has us getting to know Rockwood South Assistant Principal, Kara Welty, a little better. Such an enjoyable person and a tremendous asset to education. Take a listen to what Kara has to say!

The epic animated action gets turned up to 11 this week with douchey senators, queen bugs, zombie Geonosians, and Yoda pillow talk!? We continue on with Season Two of The Clone Wars as we discuss episodes 4-7 in a daylight savings induced haze! Turn up your headphones, dial back your sensibilities, and join the wretched hive of scum and villainy as we take the low road to resistance on Episode Seventeen of Force Insensitive!Send Email/Voicemail: mailto:forceinsensitive@gmail.comStart your own podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/?referrer_id=386Use our Amazon link: http://amzn.to/2CTdZzKFB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ForceInsensitive/Twitter: http://twitter.com/ForceNSensitiveFacebook: http://facebook.com/ForceInsensitiveInstagram: http://instagram.com/ForceInsensitive

We're not like the other girls because we don't eat meat. The struggles and strides of being vegan and vegetarian with your 3 favourite losers. Tell your boyfriend if he says he's got beef...  To listen to this episode. [Image description: background is split between half pink and half blue. On the pink side is a blue square plate with a yellow pepper on it, on the blue side there is a yellow square plate with a red pepper on it. White text reads 'Not Like The Other Girls, Episode Seventeen, Not Eating Meat'] --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/the-cop-on/message

What's it like to go from university to leading a startup? We find out in Episode 17 of the Planetary Potential! The Planetary Potential is hosted by Andrew P. Rowan and is recorded on location. This is Episode Seventeen of Season One which features 20 episodes with a common theme of Peru. For a transcript of similar episodes, head over to https://andrewprowan.com/blog/. For exclusive bonus content, including extended versions of other interviews, head over to https://www.patreon.com/planetarypotential --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/planetary-potential/message

Jeannie and Dave invite Doug Garrett and Ray Greer into the coffeehouse to talk about how they started writing for games, writing a first novel, process, and the general crossovers of game writing to mysteries and more … Continue...Episode Seventeen – From Gaming Beginnings

Welcome to Episode Seventeen of Strange Pleasures Radio Lab. Your daily audio story podcast available through iTunes, Spotify and YouTube.Each day I will narrate a well known story in it's entirety. As a writer I will also include some narration of my own books that can be purchased through the Amazon Kindle Store, or through the Amazon Prime Kindle Unlimited subscription program.Today I will be narrating The Lair Of The White Worm Part One by Bram StokerYOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8MoqBN8-vdAsaoYBZX32OA?viewas=subscriber?subconfirmation=1HOME WEBSITE https://strange-pleasures-radiolab.pinecast.co/SPOTIFY https://open.spotify.com/show/6x2VOcohjOKeJ8ZIJpvi8rAMAZON AUTHOR PAGE https://www.amazon.co.uk/Robert-Knight/e/B07WH3QCML/ref=dpbylinecontpopebooks_1ITUNES https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/strange-pleasures-radiolab/id1476208251STRANGE PLEASURES VIDEO LAB: gaming channel with new content daily https://youtu.be/9gwuSXroVvkSupport Strange Pleasures Radiolab by donating to their Tip Jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/strange-pleasures-radiolabFind out more at https://strange-pleasures-radiolab.pinecast.coThis podcast is powered by Pinecast.

After a somewhat shamefully long time here is our latest release. Annie was unable to join us, but Megan guested and we had a lively discussion of Season Nine, Episode Seventeen, “Mother’s Little Helper,” and Episode Eighteen, “Metafiction.” And, really. it wasn’t so terribly long ago we were under a record-setting cold snap, was it?…Continue reading →

Episode Seventeen of Ms. Demeanor & Ms. Conduct. A bi-weekly, light hearted look at all things mysterious in Canada. Tales of murder, mystery, conspiracy, cults & much more. Miss & Misters, for our first episode back after our three part series, we’ve got the stories of two Canadian Killers. William Patrick Fyfe, The Killer Handyman & Russell Johnson, the Bedroom Strangler.

Our annual Kit Episode comes to you in Episode SEVENTEEN, as #TeamNilNil is joined in The Trap by the Creative Director of Kitboys, Sekou as we review the unveiled 2019 MLS kits- what we like, what we don't like and why in the world are there so many white kits this year? We also rate and review in depth the new kit by the Home Team, and give our Top 5 new kits overall. We also interview DJ Switzer of Wrong Side of the Pond and get some insight on the process of kit design. Also discussed is the Concacaf Champions League first leg results, the Kepa-Sarri controversy in the League Cup Final, the battle of attrition that was Man United-Liverpool, does  El Clásico still have the luster of recent years without Ronaldo, and more! Do The Right Thing and SUBSCRIBE to the show on your favorite podcast apps! Like, comment, and submit your feedback and we will read it on the show! Twitter/IG - @ftcutd FB - FTC #ForTheCulture --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ftcutdshow/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/ftcutdshow/support

Welcome to Episode Seventeen! Here we discuss some killer babes. Brittany covers the giggling granny herself - Nannie Doss - a black widow who made a mean pie. Grace covers Evelyn Dick - a murderous gold digger with a taste for the finer things. Enjoy ghoulfriends!   Promo Featured: The Woods Podcast

In this week’s episode of COSMOS AND THE CITY: THE SEX AND THE CITY PODCAST, your host Megan McIver will sit down with the hilarious Leandra Ryan. Together these two will discuss Season Three, Episode Seventeen of SEX AND THE CITY entitled: “What Goes Around Comes Around”This week Megan & Leandra will be talking through: Samantha going to a dorm party to track down “Sam Jones”, Charlotte’s secret Gardener, Miranda dating a studdly Cop, and Carrie’s Karmic journey.Plus we’ll have all your favorite segments: Hottie of the Week, Pun of the Week, Good Big Bad Big, Who Wore What Why?, and You’re Such a _________.Will Samantha and Sam hit it off? With Charlotte get plowed? Will Miranda and some liquid courage bring some law and order to her dating life? Will Carrie clear her conscience? Through all the craziness Megan & Leandra will share their thoughts on ABSO-FUCKING-LUTELY EVERYTHING.EPISODE SYNOPSIS: “Increasingly depressed by Trey's lack of libido, Charlotte finds some relief when she stumbles into the studly sweaty gardener at the McDougal country house. Carrie's guilty conscience takes a beating when she's rudely snubbed by Natasha in a restaurant. To top things off, Carrie gets mugged, losing her favorite pair of Manolo Blahniks. Carrie wonders if it isn't all karma. Detective Stevens handles Carrie's case but when Miranda shows up at the police station, the good-looking detective focuses all his attentions on Miranda. Meanwhile, Samantha tells Carrie that Natasha has left Big, causing Carrie to feel even more guilty and more determined to apologize to Natasha for wrecking their marriage. Samantha drags Carrie to a party given by a certain "Sam Jones" -- only to find out it's a dorm party and this "Sam Jones" is a college-aged virgin lad. Sam Jones falls hard for the more experienced Samantha and before Samantha knows it, she has made Sam a real man. Unfortunately, the enamored Sam becomes completely obsessed with Samantha, ultimately causing her to change her phone number. Back in the suburbs, on Charlotte's second encounter with the gardener, the two share a secret kiss, unaware that Charlotte's sister-in-law witnessed the embrace. Later that evening, the sister-in-law spills the beans to the whole McDougal clan. Trey says it's acceptable for the two of them to lead separate lives while being married. Outraged, Charlotte says they should separate for a while and Trey responds, "Alrighty." Miranda, nervous that she isn't good-looking enough for her detective date, gets drunker and drunker as the night goes on. She seduces the detective back in her apartment, but when she wakes up the next morning, she finds a note recommending she call her local AA. Carrie finally tracks down Natasha in a restaurant and expresses how deeply sorry she is about what she did. Natasha tells Carrie that not only has she ruined her marriage, she's now ruined her lunch. Charlotte returns to the city and to her old apartment as a single woman.”Thanks for listening! If you wanna support our show by shopping on Amazon, use our link.Our Host: Megan McIver• Twitter• Instagram• FacebookOur Guest: Leandra Ryan• Instagram• Twitter•

In this week’s episode of COSMOS AND THE CITY: THE SEX AND THE CITY PODCAST, your host Megan McIver will sit down with the awesome John Costa. Together these two will discuss Season Two, Episode Seventeen of SEX AND THE CITY entitled: “Twenty Something Girls VS. Thirty Something Women”This week Megan & John will be sorting through: Samantha’s assistant going out on her own, Charlotte lying about her age and getting more than she bargained for, Miranda being along for the ride, and Carrie meeting a doctor at the beach.Plus we’ll have all your favorite segments: Hottie of the Week, Pun of the Week, Good Big Bad Big, Who Wore What Why?, You’re Such a _________ and our BRAND NEW SEGMENT “I Couldn’t Help But Wonder....”Will Samantha lose all of her clients? Will Charlotte need to take a trip to the clinic? Will Miranda get a storyline? Will Carrie get more than she bargained for at the beach? Through all the madness Megan and John will share their thoughts on ABSO-FUCKING-LUTELY EVERYTHING.EPISODE SYNOPSIS: “We start with a Brady Bunch type montage. This group of people proves to be dysfunctional enough that they have time left over in their summer time share in the Hamptons. So they call Charlotte to offer her a great deal for the rest of the summer. Charlotte pitches the opportunity to the girls, mentioning some rather foreshadowy consequences like one of them being married or having kids. This summer fling is the last they’ll be able to have just as a foursome, she argues. They all give in. Summer party with the girls! Samantha happens to have an employee who’s been spending some time at party house in the Hamptons herself. She’s kind of obnoxious, so when Samantha fires her, it’s a welcome sight.This begins the girls’ vendetta against twenty-something girls. While she was waiting foe the rest, Charlotte met a young 26 year old. She’s off to a fun start. When they arrive all they can do is bitch about being cynical and the musty odor permeating the house. The little boy Charlotte met comes by to invite them to a beach bonfire. Oh, and Charlotte is pretending she’s 27 so the guy won’t be scared of her “old” lady parts. They get to the bonfire where everyone is getting drunk on kegs and flailing around to Fatboy Slim’s “Praise You”. Looks like a good time until chicks start puking. At least they hold each other’s hair.Carrie, trying to leave, runs into her biggest fan. She’s so adoring it’s sickening. In the days prior to social media it was easier to avoid these people. Miranda, the next morning, takes step outside with her coffee to enjoy the beachy morning after having a bitchy night. She about steps in vomit. It’s Charlotte’s, it turns out, and she spent the night passed out drunk with her boy toy. He’s there too. Oh, kids in their twenties.Back in the city during the week, Carrie reminisces about her own twenties. Great skin tone, innocence, men who don’t know how to have good sex, bad apartments, fashion mistakes… yep, sounds about right. Later, she goes out to a book signing with her stalker. She tries to be mentor-ish, but winds up talking about sex and making the young one get them drinks. That sounds perfect. Carrie runs into a doctor who is supposedly foxy. He’s not ugly, but I remember him playing one of the odd aliens in Galaxy Quest, so that’s all I can think of when I see him. By Grabthar’s hammer…Anyway, they exchange numbers and agree to meet in the Hamptons. During a cloudy day at the beach, the women marinate in spf 45 sunscreen. The doctor tracks down Carrie. They chit chat, but while he takes a dip, Carrie laments that he is good on paper. Which means he’s likely bad in bed. Charlotte brings around her boy toy, which darkens the other girls’ day considerably. She suggests they make Long Island teas, which every kid... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode Seventeen. From Rodeax, the company that bought you Tales from Wytch Haven and In The Frame: The Film Review Podcast, now brings you; The CLASSIFIED Transmissions. A short 24 episode series. The Cronos Star liner has become over run with a deadly being known as the krill. Follow one mechanic's mission as he tried to save himself and anyone else that hasn't been met with the slaughter the krill bring with them. Created by Dan Lee & Rodeo Whiter Voiced by Dan Lee & Rodeo Whiter Introducing Phill Boobyer Produced by Rodeax Ltd.

Episode Seventeen! That’s so many! This week we discuss a movie we have been wanting to do for weeks. Thankfully Netflix finally put Interview With The Vampire back up!

Episode Seventeen! Just as the crew decide to go on a short break, news stories pop out of nowhere to demand their attention! Will Tash get her Volvo XC60? Will Michael ever lead communion again? Will George get a good exchange rate for his pet? And will aliens bring Katies mind back? Questions will be answered; even more will be raised.

Our guest this week made a name for himself working under someone else’s name. For nearly 30 years Ken Shuttleworth worked at Foster & Partners where he led on the design and delivery of such acclaimed buildings as the HSBC Bank in Hong Kong, as well as both 30 St Mary’s Axe – better known as … Continue reading "Ken Shuttleworth – Episode Seventeen"

How in the world you gonna see/Laughin' at fools like we? It's a very Beatley Mad About Mad About You, as Russ and Jon talk about "Instant Karma" (Season Two, Episode Seventeen)! Yoko Ono plays heavily into the plot; what else does? Glad you asked: the dangers of nationalism in the Olympics, the best location in which to see The Nightmare Before Christmas, and the most romantic places in New York. Come and get your share!

Episode Seventeen features guest Disco Dracula back back back back again-gain-gain, with host Captain Death, for another BIG HIT episode where we cover a couple of the best creepypastas we've had in a while, while also dicussing over loving and loathing of Stephen King and Stephen King adaptations.The Tale of Roly Poly(5:22)Abandoned by Disney(17:34)Kylie Rose(45:32)DeathMan(47:15)CHECK THE YOUTUBE for EPs! SUBSCRIBE @https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxoqIN-fkfdlmGEjWujypxwFeaturing wonderful ambient music from our fam in Sweden: CryoChamber, givin' us all the ooky-spooky tunage. Follow: @cryo-chamberThank you!"Are You Afraid of the Dark Theme Song," "Spooky Skeletons REMIX," and "You Reposted in the Wrong Neighborhood" are not my songs. Credit and All rights are reserved by the owners

We can finally watch R-rated movies with EPISODE SEVENTEEN! This week, Kevin shares his fun weekend with the Moores & Pattullos, Bon & Kev share embarrassing work stories and how a “Pre-Func” could easily be misinterpreted as something else, Salamanderous Scoundrels, & Birthdays.

Episode Seventeen of IdeaPod. In this episode, we talk about BIG Ideas under 5 minutes… Yeah.. that’s it. Pretty Self Explanatory. We randomly pick a company name and come up with an idea under 5 minutes…or so. So listen to find ... Read More The post #17 Brainstormin with A Side of Salsa appeared first on Bandwidth Marketing.

Episode Seventeen of Novel Hairy London

Episode Seventeen of Red Moon Radio features London, England’s garage psych surf band, DEAD COAST, speaking about their debut LP, Shambolic, touring Europe and some of their favourite bands! DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Just Don’t Give Yourself Interview with Luca, Jonny, and Craig of DEAD COAST DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Jenny Loves the Sun DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Hills Made of Sand DEAD COAST – Shambolic – ESP GUEST DJ SET FROM DEAD COAST – Slim Customers – Mortlake Milk – A Girl That Can Kill GUEST DJ SET FROM DEAD COAST – The Growlers – Are You In or Out – Empty Bones GUEST DJ SET FROM DEAD COAST – Fat White Family – Champagne Holocaust – Cream of the Young DEAD COAST – White Cross EP – She’s Living in the Sun DEAD COAST – Seven Deadly Children EP – Mystic Rider DEAD COAST – Seven Deadly Children EP – Nightisthetime DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Overcome DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Ask the Dust DEAD COAST – Shambolic – Our Sorrow Keep up with DEAD COAST online! For the latest band news, follow them on Facebook, www.facebook.com/deadcoast, Twitter, https://twitter.com/deadcoastband, and Instagram, www.instagram.com/deadcoastband, and check out their music on Soundcloud, https://soundcloud.com/deadcoastband, Bandcamp at deadcoast.bandcamp.com, and Spotify, https://open.spotify.com/artist/7L1ydZeNFAlkliZdiscZ3R! If you enjoyed the show, please follow Red Moon Radio on Twitter, Facebook, and subscribe to the show through Stitcher, iTunes, or here, on PodOmatic! And don’t forget, you can also now find us on 50thirdand3rd.com!

Episode Seventeen. As the "we're not saying that word" General rides into town, the very white hosts of HoopleCast (and guest Jonathon!) explain what it's like to be a black man in the late 19th century. Alma suspects she may be in a family way... Richardson builds a stalker nest of antlers and hair and vomit... Silas is cunt-struck by Miss Isriwhatshername... Some racist yokels get fuckin' riled over a statement regarding the legitimacy of their claims. ... Also, Nuchtchas has the gossip on local heroines, including that "nauseating specimen of degraded humanity" Mrs. Bloxsom. | Send feedback to hooplecast@gmail.com. Find our recording schedule, show notes, discussion threads, and more at hooplecast.com. | Recorded September 27, 2015. Released October 1, 2015. [Warning: Explicit Language.]

[intro music]   Host – Dan Keller  Hello, and welcome to Episode Seventeen of Multiple Sclerosis Discovery, the podcast of the MS Discovery Forum. I’m your host, Dan Keller.   This week’s podcast features an interview with Dr. Hans Lassmann about the usefulness of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis. But to begin, here’s a brief summary of the developments at the MS Discovery Forum at msdiscovery.org.   In the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis, some astrocytes appear to upregulate genes that intensify inflammation and neurodegeneration. Researchers think that genetic changes cause astrocytes to release a fatty molecule that beckons inflammatory monocytes from the blood into the brain. A drug, miglustat, currently used in the treatment of Gaucher’s disease, may be a good candidate to repurpose as a drug to inhibit astrocytes from initiating this destructive process.   The so-called “long life” protein, Klotho, may hold the keys to remyelination. Named after the Greek goddess responsible for “spinning the thread of life,” an abundance of Klotho leads to longer lifespans in mice. The protein has also been associated with numerous age-related conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent research noted that reduced Klotho was associated with myelin degeneration in normal, aging Rhesus monkeys. A small molecule, currently known as ‘Compound A’ can promote Klotho in the CNS of mice, enhancing remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model.   We recently released a new data visualization comparing various characteristics – such as age, gender, and EDSS scores – across 74 clinical trials. You can look at each characteristic in every trial, or compare the means of all the trials. To view, go to the “research resources” tab at msdiscovery.org and click on “data visualizations.” Then click on “RRMS and CIS – Baseline Characteristics.”   [transition music]   Now to the interview. Dr. Hans Lassmann studies the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases at the Center for Brain Research at the Medical University of Vienna in Austria. He met with MSDF at the MS Boston meeting in September to discuss demyelinating disorders.   Interviewer – Dan Keller In terms of what we can learn from other demyelinating diseases, ones caused by infectious agents, how can this shed light on the processes and possible treatment of MS?   Interviewee – Hans Lassmann That depends, obviously, on the models which we are looking. I think there is a major difference between multiple sclerosis and these other experimental models, because the experimental models which really induce large areas of demyelination always are associated with infection of oligodendrocytes. But in multiple sclerosis, there is actually no indication that oligodendrocytes are infected. Now this has consequences that also the demyelination is different in these experimental models because it follows the death of single infected oligodendrocytes. That means that lesions have, more or less, some sort of moth-eaten edges where single oligodendrocytes are falling apart with small pieces of demyelination in between intact myelin, whereas in multiple sclerosis the demyelination is a sharply demarcated lesion which does not follow the oligodendrocyte territories. What we, however, can learn from the models is the question how the brain handles an infectious process in the white matter with respect to inflammation and the amplification mechanisms of tissue injury in the demyelinating process.    MSDF So are they similar enough that we can discern something useful from it, even though the patterns do seem to differ in some ways?   Dr. Lassmann Yes, we can. For instance, there is a major difference between the autoimmune models which we have and the virus models. The autoimmune models are predominantly mediated, or driven, by an MHC class 2 CD4-positive T cell response, whereas the virus models are predominantly driven by a CD8 T cell response. Interestingly, in multiple sclerosis, also the CD8 T cell response dominates. So we can actually learn a lot from these models on the mechanisms of CD8-mediated inflammation in the brain, and also on what are the consequences of a CD8-mediated inflammation in the brain with respect to tissue injury.    MSDF What about some of the diseases that are closely associated with MS but are distinct from it, like neuromyelitis optica and, I guess, concentric sclerosis and others, how do they shed light on things, if they do?   Dr. Lassmann I think they shed a lot of lights on that. Let’s take first neuromyelitis optica. Here we are in a very favored situation because we know it is an autoimmune disease and we know the specific target antigen, and the specific target antigen is a water channel in astrocytes. So from that we have actually learned how antibodies against these astrocytes actually induce the tissue injury, in that case, by first destroying the astrocytes themselves, and then secondarily leading to oligodendrocyte destruction and demyelination, and also some axonal loss. So that actually is a perfect model for a scenario where T cells and pathogenic antibodies play a role in disease mechanisms, and that is apparently also the case in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients, but only in a subset.    MSDF How does the glia enter into this, both as a target and maybe as a mediator or effector?   Dr. Lassmann Now, obviously, the prime target in multiple sclerosis is the oligodendrocyte and the myelin sheath, but there is obviously also pathology in other glial cells. There is an astrocytic pathology, and there is also a microglia activation and pathology in these cases. Now, the astrocytic pathology itself may also contribute to the lesion propagation because when astrocytes are also destroyed in the lesion, or primarily destroyed in the lesion, it will also secondarily lead to the oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination. This is a classical example of neuromyelitis optica.    MSDF Is that through mechanisms of macrophage activation, or debris, or mediator release, or toxic release?   Dr. Lassmann No. From the astrocyte pathology, it’s so that the astrocytes and the oligodendrocytes are connected with gap junctions, and the astrocytes play a major role in supporting the energy demand of oligodendrocytes. So if you kill out the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes starve to death.   MSDF Now that you bring up energy, can we learn anything from mitochondrial diseases and their consequences?   Dr. Lassmann Yes, here we can learn a lot because the mitochondrial injury and damage is in the center of neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis. In that case, in the disease the mitochondrial injury is apparently driven and induced by oxidative injury, but that it leads in a secondary consequence also to mitochondrial gene deletion, so to deletions of mitochondrially-encoded genes. And here the mitochondrially-encoded gene deletions are also present in many mitochondrial diseases, and for that, obviously, mitochondrial diseases are perfect models to study these aspects of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. A key issue, for instance, is the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control. Normally, it’s so that the damaged mitochondrion is just removed from the cell in autophagosomes. But this needs very specific mechanisms of recognition. If this quality control is actually missing or disturbed, then these damaged mitochondria can expand, can clonally expand, and then you get an upward cells having more and more and more damaged mitochondria. And that’s, for instance, also a mechanism which is very prominent in mitochondrial diseases.    MSDF Is that a failure of phagosomes? Is there a defect at that level?   Dr. Lassmann No, I think it’s rather a defect in the mitochondrial proteins, because the mitochondrial proteins are expressed on the surface indicating the phagocytic system, whether they are intact or damaged. And when this process is more or less disturbed, then the phagosomes don’t recognize the damaged mitochondria anymore.    MSDF What are you doing now? What sort of paths are you pursuing in terms of these things that we’ve been discussing?    Dr. Lassmann We have in principles three major projects. The first is that we try to define more precisely what is the nature of the inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and in to what extent this is different from what is seen in the respective experimental autoimmune models. Now, the second project deals with mechanisms of demyelination, and here the key question is there is soluble demyelinating factor in multiple sclerosis, but it’s not very clear what exactly the soluble factor is; it could be demyelinating antibodies, and that can be modeled in experimental models, like autoimmune encephalitis. But many data suggests that there must be other factors which are not immunoglobulin and not antibodies which are responsible for this demyelination. And then the third project deals with the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis, and here it’s the central pathogenic pathways, oxidative injury and mitochondrial injury. And our projects now go in the direction of what is the course of this massive oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis, how does that relate to mitochondrial injury, and what is the consequences then on the tissue with respect to energy deficiency and other things.    MSDF In progressive disease, do you see a shift towards more mitochondrial damage and oxidative damage or stress?   Dr. Lassmann We have oxidative damage already in the early stages of MS, but in the early stages of MS the oxidative injury seems to be mainly driven by the inflammatory component; that means by inflammation, activation of microglia and then the production of reactive oxygen-producing enzymes. In the progressive stage of MS, we get additional amplification factors for oxidative injury, and they are related to brain aging and related to accumulation of lesion burden. So what we get, on the one hand, an age-related increase of iron in the human brain, and iron can massively potentiate oxidative injury by a reaction which is the so-called Fenton reaction. The second thing is that you have accumulated tissue injury in multiple sclerosis with retrograde and anterograde degeneration, and that leads to progressive microglia activation, which then can actually be transformed more easily in cytotoxic microglia cells by additional proinflammatory stimuli. And the third mechanism is that the mitochondrial injury increases, and in particular the mitochondrial gene deletion and the clonal expansion of defective mitochondria expand in the progressive stage with disease duration. And mitochondria, when they are damaged, they can liberate electrons, and the electrons can actually, again, react with oxygen, producing a reactive oxygen species. And so this is a more or less self-amplifying process which then leads to enhancement of neurodegeneration and demyelination.    MSDF Is there a role for glutathione here?   Dr. Lassmann Yes. Glutathione is one of the key molecules for the oxidative injury, and obviously this is one of the players, but it’s only one.    MSDF It’s a player in the injury or in limiting injury?   Dr. Lassmann That is not entirely clear yet.   MSDF What have we missed or you think is important to discuss or add?   Dr. Lassmann There is certainly in the multiple sclerosis therapy also the tests to increase remyelination and possible regeneration in the lesions, including stem cell therapies or increasing remyelination by soluble factors by cytokines and growth factors. This is all very interesting, but the key point is that as long as the disease process is active, newly-formed myelin is destroyed relatively quickly.    MSDF It seems that there’s almost an analogy to osteoporosis where it’s a balance between formation and destruction. Is there ongoing remyelination or turnover in the healthy brain?   Dr. Lassmann Yes, there is a myelin turnover in the healthy brain, but there is also a profound attempt for remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions. And what you see even in the early stages in very active MS lesions, you always find signs of ongoing remyelination. But, interestingly, in these early stages, really established remyelination is generally missing, and we have performed a study on that issue showing that if you have disease activity, the remyelinated areas are actually more prone to show new demyelination compared to the normal old myelin which is in there. So that suggests that this remyelination is present and all attempts are present, but this process is relatively instable as long as the disease process is active.   MSDF Is there a thought of being able to inhibit that further, or accelerate a destructive process in these remyelinated areas?   Dr. Lassmann I think this is not really specific for the remyelinated areas. If we are a [?], for instance, that disease process or the progression of the tissue damage can be stopped, for instance, with measurements making some sort of mitochondrial protection, or with certain antioxidative therapeutic strategies, then it will certainly be beneficial both for the old lesions and the newly formed lesions and the remyelinated lesions. But that’s more or less something which has to be solved before we can think of really effective remyelinating strategy.   [transition music]   Thank you for listening to Episode Seventeen of Multiple Sclerosis Discovery. This podcast was produced by the MS Discovery Forum, MSDF, the premier source of independent news and information on MS research. MSDF’s executive editor is Robert Finn. Msdiscovery.org is part of the non-profit Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis. Robert McBurney is our President and CEO, and Hollie Schmidt is vice president of scientific operations.    Msdiscovery.org aims to focus attention on what is known and not yet known about the causes of MS and related conditions, their pathological mechanisms, and potential ways to intervene. By communicating this information in a way that builds bridges among different disciplines, we hope to open new routes toward significant clinical advances.   We’re interested in your opinions. Please join the discussion on one of our online forums or send comments, criticisms, and suggestions to editor@msdiscovery.org.   [outro music]   

Episode SEVENTEEN of the Soup Sessions Podcast with a guest mix from Andy Croson.

Welcome to Episode Seventeen of the Epic Questions Podcast!! Today is Sunday, May 19, 2013. Today Epicinsanity has a very special guest he2019d like to welcome guest host, co-worker, guildie, and most importantly his friend, Landiar to the show! Landiar and Epic talk about Arthas, Wrath of the Lich King, Fischer Price games, the down fall of Garrosh, their favorite 5 man dungeons and battlegrounds, and they even discuss some of the upcoming Patch 5.3 changes! So sit back, relax and enjoy the show! Please e-mail all questions, comments and concerns to EpicQuestionsPodcast@Gmail.com!

The latest offering is now online:Episode SeventeenThis week, Simon challenges iszi with a thematic Article or Farcical, before readers' hate mail gets an airing. Plus there's much talk about economic collapse and William Shatner.

Episode Seventeen of the continuing serial.  John meets with Verity, and shows her what he's got planned for her.Theme music is "Faithful" by The Shillas.Promo for Der Geek.Get the first episode of this serial here.Direct Download