Podcasts about hpv16

In today's episode, supported by PDS Biotech, we had the pleasure of speaking with Kevin Harrington, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCR, FRSB, about the role of PDS0101 (Versamune HPV) in patients with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)–positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Dr Harrington is head of the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging at The Institute of Cancer Research in London, United Kingdom, as well as a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Radiologists. In our exclusive interview, Dr Harrington discussed current unmet needs for patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, the rationale for the continued investigation of PDS0101 plus pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in patients with HPV16-positive HNSCC, and how the ongoing phase 3 VERSATILE-003 trial may change the treatment paradigm for patients with this disease. 

El Dr. Ricardo Brugés, oncólogo clínico del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y Centro Javeriano de Oncología en Bogotá, Colombia, nos comenta sobre lo más destacado en cáncer de cabeza y cuello, presentado en el Congreso de ASCO 2024, resaltando los siguientes estudios: Nasofaringe · DIPPER: estudio fase III, multicéntrico, que aleatorizó 1:1 a pacientes con carcinoma nasofaríngeo localmente avanzado, de alto riesgo, que recibieron previamente quimioterapia de inducción con gemcitabina más cisplatino y quimiorradioterapia (QRT) concurrente, para recibir camrelizumab o terapia estándar. El objetivo primario fue la supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE). · Estudio fase III, multicéntrico, aleatorizado, que evaluó el uso de tislelizumab o placebo + gemcitabina y cisplatino seguido de QRT concurrente y tislelizumab adyuvante o placebo, en pacientes con carcinoma nasofaríngeo localmente avanzado. · Estudio fase III, prospectivo, aleatorizado, que incluyó a pacientes con carcinoma nasofaríngeo localmente avanzado para recibir rh-endostatina combinado con QRT concurrente vs. QRT concurrente sola. El objetivo primario fue la tasa de supervivencia libre de progresión. ·      CONTINUUM: estudio fase III, multicéntrico, aleatorizado, donde se incluyeron pacientes con carcinoma nasofaríngeo localmente avanzado, de alto riesgo, no metastásico para recibir el estándar de tratamiento (gemcitabina y cisplatino en quimioterapia de inducción más QRT con cisplatino), o sintilimab. El objetivo primario fue la SLE. Orofaringe · OpcemISA: estudio fase 2, aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo, sobre la combinación de cemiplimab e ISA101b, una vacuna terapéutica que induce respuestas inmunitarias específicas a los antígenos oncogénicos E6 y E7 del HPV16, vs. cemiplimab solo en pacientes con cáncer de orofaringe recurrente/metastásico HPV16 positivo. ·Estudio fase II, multinacional, multicéntrico, abierto, que evaluó el uso de la terapia de vector HB-200 en combinación con pembrolizumab en pacientes con cáncer de orofaringe HPV 16 positivo. Se evaluó la seguridad, la respuesta de células T y la actividad antitumoral preliminar. ·Estudio fase III, multicéntrico, que comparó el uso de radioterapia de intensidad modulada vs. radioterapia de intensidad modulada con protones en pacientes con cáncer de orofaringe estadio III/IV. Fecha de grabación: 14 de junio 2024           Todos los comentarios emitidos por los participantes son a título personal y no reflejan la opinión de ScienceLink u otros. Se deberá revisar las indicaciones aprobadas en el país para cada uno de los tratamientos y medicamentos comentados. Las opiniones vertidas en este programa son responsabilidad de los participantes o entrevistados, ScienceLink las ha incluido con fines educativos. Este material está dirigido a profesionales de la salud exclusivamente.

Dr. Neeraj Agarwal and Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching discuss promising combination therapies and other compelling advances in genitourinary cancers in advance of the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting. TRANSCRIPT Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Hello and welcome to the ASCO Daily News Podcast. I'm Dr. Neeraj Agarwal, your guest host of the ASCO Daily News Podcast today. I'm the director of the Genitourinary Oncology Program and a professor of medicine at the University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, and editor-in-chief of the ASCO Daily News. I'm delighted to be joined by Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching, a GU medical oncologist and the clinical program director of genitourinary cancers at the Inova Schar Cancer Institute in Virginia. Today, we will be discussing some key abstracts in GU oncology that will be featured at the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting.  Our full disclosures are available in the transcript of this episode. Jeanny, it's great to have you on the podcast. Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Thank you so much, Dr. Agarwal. It's a pleasure to be here. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: So, Jeanny, let's start with some bladder cancer abstracts. Could you tell us about the Abstract 4509 titled, “Characterization of Complete Responders to Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine Cisplatin versus Gemcitabine Cisplatin Alone in Patients with Lymph Node Only Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma from the CheckMate 901 Trial.”  Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Of course, Neeraj, I would be delighted to. First, I would like to remind our listeners that the CheckMate 901 trial was a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study, in which this particular sub-study looked at cisplatin-eligible patients with previously untreated, unresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were assigned to receive the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin, followed by up to 2 years of nivolumab or placebo. Based on the data presented at ESMO 2023 and subsequently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, which shows significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival in patients receiving the combination of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nivolumab, this regimen was approved in March 2024 as a first-line therapy for patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.  In the abstract that will be featured at ASCO this year, Dr. Matt Galsky and colleagues present a post-hoc analysis that aims to characterize a subset of patients with complete response as well as those with lymph node-only metastatic disease. In patients receiving the experimental treatment, 21.7% achieved a complete response, while 11.8% of the patients in the control arm achieved a complete response.  Among these complete responders, around 52% had lymph- node-only disease in both arms. Furthermore, when characterizing the subgroup of patients with lymph-node-only disease, those receiving the combination of gemcitabine-cisplatin plus nivolumab had a 62% reduction in the risk of progression or death and a 42% reduction in the risk of death compared to those treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin alone.  The median overall survival in the experimental arm in this subgroup was around 46.3 months, while it was only 24.9 months in the control arm. The ORR in patients with lymph-node-only disease receiving gem-cis plus nivo was about 81.5% compared to 64.3% in those treated with gem-cis alone. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Thank you, Jeanny, for the excellent summary of this abstract. We can say that nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin induced durable disease control and clinically meaningful improvements in OS and PFS compared to gem-cis alone in patients with lymph- node-only metastasis, and deserves to be considered as one of the options for these patients.  In a similar first-line metastatic urothelial carcinoma setting, Abstract 4502, also reported data on a recently approved combination of enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab. Can you tell us more about this abstract, Jeanny? Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Sure, Neeraj. So, as quick reminder to our audience, this regimen was tested in the EV-302 phase 3 trial, where patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were randomized to receive enfortumab vedotin, plus pembrolizumab or gemcitabine plus either cisplatin or carboplatin. These data were also first presented at ESMO 2023 and subsequently published in the New England Journal of Medicine. They showed that this immune based combination significantly improved both progression free survival and overall survival, which were the primary endpoints compared to chemotherapy. In this abstract, Dr. Shilpa Gupta from the Cleveland Clinic and colleagues present the results of patient reported outcomes based on quality-of-life questionnaires in this trial.  Time to pain progression and time to confirm deterioration were numerically longer in patients treated with EV plus pembro, and patients with moderate to severe pain at baseline receiving this combination had a meaningful improvement in the Brief Pain Inventory Short-Form worst pain from week 3 through 26. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Thank you, Jeanny. This means that patients treated with EV plus pembro did not only have improved survival compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, but also improvement in their quality-of-life and functioning, further supporting the value of this combination for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This is terrific news for all of our patients.   Before we wrap up the bladder cancer section, would you like to tell our listeners about Abstract 4565, which provides the data on the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with bladder cancer? Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Yes, Neeraj; this is timely given the recent FDA approval, which we will talk about. The abstract is titled, “Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients with HER2 Expressing Solid Tumors: Results from the Bladder Cohort of the DESTINY-PanTumor02 Study.” And as a quick reminder, the DESTINY-PanTumor02 was a phase 2 open-label study where trastuzumab deruxtecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER2 expression on cancer cells, was evaluated in patients with HER2-expressing locally advanced or metastatic disease who previously received systemic treatment or who had no other treatment options. The expression of HER2 was evaluated on immunohistochemistry by local or central testing.   The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate by investigator assessment. Secondary endpoints included duration of response, progression free survival, disease control rate, and safety. The primary analysis, which was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, showed an ORR of 37.1% and responses across all cohorts and the median duration of response was 11.3 months. Based on these results, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki was just granted accelerated FDA approval for unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive solid tumors in April 2024.  So, back to this abstract; Dr. Wysocki and colleagues report the results of the bladder cancer cohort. This study included 41 patients with urothelial cancer and at a median follow up of around 12.6 months, the objective response rate among these patients was 39%, the median PFS was 7 months, and the duration of response median was 8.7 months. The disease control rate at 12 weeks was around 71%. Regarding the safety profile, 41.5% of patients experienced grade ≥3 drug related adverse events and interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis did occur in about 4 patients. Although there was no statistical comparison between different groups, the ORR was numerically highest among the HER2 3+ group with 56.3%.  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Thank you, Jeanny. So, these data support consideration of trastuzumab deruxtecan as a salvage therapy option for pre-treated patients with HER2 expressing urothelial cancers and show that we are extending our treatment options to include therapies with novel mechanisms of action. This is definitely exciting news for patients with bladder cancer. Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Yes, absolutely, Neeraj. Now, let's switch gears a bit to prostate cancer. Could you tell us about Abstract 5005 which is titled, “EMBARK Post Hoc Analysis of Impact of Treatment Suspension on Health Quality-of-Life?” Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Of course, I'd be happy to. So, enzalutamide was recently granted FDA approval for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence at high-risk of metastasis, based on the results of the EMBARK trial, which was a phase 3 study where patients with high-risk biochemical recurrence were randomized to receive either enzalutamide with leuprolide, enzalutamide monotherapy, or placebo plus leuprolide. The primary endpoint was metastasis-free survival with secondary endpoints including overall survival and safety.  Results showed that patients receiving enzalutamide alone or enzalutamide plus leuprolide had significantly improved metastasis-free survival compared to those treated with leuprolide alone while preserving health-related quality-of-life.   One important aspect in the design of the trial was that patients who achieved undetectable PSA at week 37 underwent treatment suspension. The treatment was resumed if PSA rose to more than 2 ng/ml for patients who underwent radical proctectomy or when PSA rose to more than 5 ng/ml for those who did not undergo surgery.  In this abstract, Dr. Stephen Freedland and colleagues present a post-hoc analysis of health-related quality-of-life outcomes after treatment suspension between weeks 37 and 205. They found that treatment was suspended in 90.9% of patients receiving enzalutamide plus leuprolide, 85.9% of those receiving enzalutamide monotherapy, and 67.8% of those receiving leuprolide monotherapy. Among those patients who stayed on treatment suspension, a trend toward numerical improvement in health-related quality-of-life after week 37 was seen in all 3 arms and this reached clinically meaningful threshold at week 205 in pain questionnaires, physical well-being, urinary and bowel symptoms. For hormonal treatment side effects, all arms reached clinically meaningful improvement at the subsequent assessments of week 49 to week 97. However, patients slowly deteriorated, with clinically meaningful deterioration at week 205 relative to week 37 in patients receiving the combination of enzalutamide and leuprolide and those treated with leuprolide.    Concerning sexual activity, a clinically meaningful improvement was reported only in patients receiving enzalutamide plus leuprolide, possibly because sexual function was better preserved prior to suspension in the enzalutamide monotherapy arm and thus there was less opportunity for “improvement” while on suspension.  Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Thank you, Neeraj, for this great summary. This analysis confirms that treatment suspension in good responders might lead to a clinically meaningful improvements in health-related quality-of-life.   Now, moving on to patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, what can you tell us, about Abstract 5008 titled, “Baseline ctDNA analyses and associations with outcomes in taxane-naive patients with mCRPC treated with 177Lu-PSMA-617 versus change of ARPI in PSMAfore”?  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Sure, Jeanny. The PSMAfore trial was a phase 3 study that compared the efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA-617 versus an ARPI switch in patients with mCRPC and prior progression on a first ARPI, and not previously exposed to docetaxel chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was rPFS and OS was an important secondary endpoint. The primary analysis presented at ESMO 2023 showed a significantly prolonged rPFS in patients receiving lutetium. In the abstract that will be featured at the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting, Dr. Johann De Bono and colleagues present an exploratory analysis regarding the associations between baseline circulating tumor DNA and outcomes.  ctDNA fraction was evaluated in all samples as well as alterations in key prostate cancer drivers prevalent in more than 10% of participants.  The investigators sought to interrogate the association of ctDNA fraction or alterations with rPFS, PSA response, and RECIST response at data cutoff. They showed that median rPFS was significantly shorter in patients with a ctDNA fraction >1% compared to those with a fraction < 1% regardless of the treatment arm. Furthermore, ctDNA fraction >1% was also associated with worst RECIST response and PSA50 response. Regarding prostate cancer drivers, median rPFS was significantly shorter in patients with alterations in the AR, TP53 or PTEN in both treatment arms. There was no significant association between ctDNA alterations and PSA or objective responses. Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Thank you, Neeraj. So, these results show that the presence of a ctDNA fraction >1% or alterations in AR, P53 and PTEN were all associated with worse outcomes regardless of treatment with lutetium or change in the ARPI. These data are definitely important for counseling and prognostication of patients in the clinic and may guide the design of future clinical trials. Let's move on to kidney cancer. Neeraj, do you have any updates for us?  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal:  Sure. In Abstract 4512 titled, “A Multi-institution Analysis of Outcomes with First-Line Therapy for 99 Patients with Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma,” Dr. Sahil Doshi and colleagues present a retrospective, multi-institutional study comparing survival outcomes, including time-to-treatment failure and overall survival, between different first-line treatment options in patients with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, where limited clinical trial data exists to guide systemic therapy. They categorized patients into 4 treatment groups: and immune checkpoint inhibitors + targeted therapy doublets (such as ICI VEGF TKI); pure immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and doublets (such as ipilimumab plus nivolumab); targeted therapy doublets (such as lenvatinib plus everolimus), and targeted monotherapy (such as sunitinib).  They identified 99 patients, of whom 54 patients received targeted monotherapy, 17 received ICI VEGF-TKI, 14 received targeted doublet, and 14 patients received only ICI therapies. So the patients treated with any doublet containing a targeted agent had a 52% decrease in the risk of treatment failure and a 44% decrease in the risk of death compared to those treated with targeted monotherapy. The median time to treatment failure was 15 months with IO-targeted doublet, and the median overall survival was 56 months. Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Thank you, Neeraj. So, these results show that targeted doublet regimens resulted in a longer time to treatment failure and overall survival compared to any monotherapy in patients with chromophobe metastatic RCC and definitely provides valuable insights on treatment selection, albeit I would say there's still a small number of patients that were included in this retrospective analysis. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: I completely agree this is a relatively small number of patients, but I decided to highlight the abstract given how rare the cancer is, and it is highly unlikely that we'll see large randomized clinical trials in patients with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.  So, before we wrap up the podcast, what would you like to tell us about Abstract 5009 which is titled, “A Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab Platinum Based Chemotherapy as First Line Systemic Therapy in Advanced Penile Cancer: HERCULES (LACOG 0218) Trial.” Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: I'm glad you brought this up, Neeraj. As our listeners may know, advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. From this perspective, the results of the LACOG 0218 trial are very important. As you mentioned, this was a phase 2 single-arm study evaluating the addition of pembrolizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic or locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma not amenable to curative therapy. Patients enrolled received chemotherapy, namely 5-Fluorouracil with cisplatin or carboplatin and pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks up to 34 cycles. The primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate by investigator assessment.  In the 33 patients eligible for the efficacy analysis, the confirmed ORR by investigator assessment was 39.4% and included one complete response and 12 partial responses. The confirmed ORR was 75% in patients with high TMB and 55.6% in patients positive for HPV16, making TMB and HPV16 potential predictive biomarkers for efficacy in this study. Concerning the toxicity profile, any grade treatment-related adverse events were reported in around 92% of patients, and grade 3 or more treatment-related adverse events occurred in 51% of patients. 10.8% of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events.  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Thank you, Jeanny. I would like to add that HERCULES is the first trial to demonstrate the efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor in advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with a manageable safety profile. Thus, the combination of ICI with platinum-based chemotherapy is a promising treatment for advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma and warrants further investigation.  Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: I agree, Neeraj. Any final remarks before we conclude today's podcast? Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Jeanny, I really want to thank you for your participation and valuable insights. Your contributions are always appreciated, and I sincerely thank you for taking the time to join us today. Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching: Thank you, Neeraj. It was a pleasure.  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal:  As we bring this podcast to an end, I would like to acknowledge the significant advances happening in the treatment of patients with genitourinary cancers. During our upcoming 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting, there will be an array of different studies featuring practice-changing data presented by researchers and physicians from around the globe. I urge our listeners to not only participate in this event to celebrate these achievements, but to also play a role in sharing these cutting-edge data with healthcare professionals worldwide. Through our collective efforts, we can surely optimize the benefits of patients on a global scale.   And thank you to our listeners for joining us today. You will find links to the abstracts discussed today on the transcript of this episode. Finally, if you value the insights that you hear on the ASCO Daily News Podcast, please take a moment to rate, review and subscribe wherever you get your podcast. Thank you very much.   Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.   Find out more about today's speakers:  Dr. Neeraj Agarwal  @neerajaiims  Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching    Follow ASCO on social media:   @ASCO on Twitter     ASCO on Facebook     ASCO on LinkedIn       Disclosures:    Dr. Neeraj Agarwal:     Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Nektar, Lilly, Bayer, Pharmacyclics, Foundation Medicine, Astellas Pharma, Lilly, Exelixis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, Eisai, Seattle Genetics, EMD Serono, Janssen Oncology, AVEO, Calithera Biosciences, MEI Pharma, Genentech, Astellas Pharma, Foundation Medicine, and Gilead Sciences    Research Funding (Institution): Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, Pfizer, Exelixis, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Calithera Biosciences, Celldex, Eisai, Genentech, Immunomedics, Janssen, Merck, Lilly, Nektar, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, Crispr Therapeutics, Arvinas     Dr. Jeanny Aragon-Ching:  Honoraria: Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Astellas Scientific and Medical Affairs Inc., Pfizer/EMD Serono  Consulting or Advisory Role: Algeta/Bayer, Dendreon, AstraZeneca, Janssen Biotech, Sanofi, EMD Serono, MedImmune, Bayer, Merck, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, Immunomedics, Amgen, AVEO, Pfizer/Myovant, Exelixis,   Speakers' Bureau: Astellas Pharma, Janssen-Ortho, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas/Seattle Genetics. 

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancers rapidly rising, and the major causes are HPV infection (HPV16 subtype) and smoking How oropharyngeal cancers can almost be thought of as a sexually transmitted cancer, and are completely preventable with the HPV vaccination How to diagnose, investigate and refer patients with a lump in the neck, and the ongoing role of health professionals Host: Dr David Lim | Total Time: 39 mins Guest: Dr Julia Crawford, ENT Specialist and Head and Neck Surgeon Register for our fortnightly FREE WEBCASTSEvery second Tuesday | 7:00pm-9:00pm AEDT Click here to register for the next oneSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

英语新闻︱九价HPV疫苗接种年龄放宽China's top drug regulator has expanded the use of an imported vaccine against nine strains of the cancer-causing human papillomavirus to girls as young as nine and adults up to age 45.近日，九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（酿酒酵母），也称九价HPV疫苗，获得中国国家药品监督管理局批准，适用接种人群拓展至9-45岁适龄女性。While hailing the decision as part of China's endeavor to accelerate elimination of cervical cancer, experts said that given the tight supply of the 9-valent vaccine and increasing evidence of the efficacy of homegrown vaccines, it is wise to receive any approved HPV vaccines available.专家称赞此举彰显了中国加速消除宫颈癌的决心。鉴于九价HPV疫苗一针难求，且国产HPV疫苗也能有效预防宫颈癌，因而接种任一获批HPV疫苗都是明智之举。The National Medical Products Administration first granted authorization to Gardasil 9, a 9-valent HPV vaccine created by global pharmaceutical giant Merck, for use in females aged 16 to 26 in 2018. On Tuesday, the administration said that its use is now broadened to females aged 9 through 45.2018年，药企默沙东研发的九价HPV疫苗“佳达修9”首次获批用于16岁至26岁的女性。8月30日，国家药品监督管理局宣布该疫苗适用接种人群拓展至9岁至45岁的适龄女性。Currently, three imported HPV vaccines and two domestic vaccines have been approved for use on the mainland. Gardasil 9 is the only one that can shield nine strains of HPV, while the others offer protection against either two or four strains.目前我国已有五款HPV疫苗获批注册，包含了三款进口HPV疫苗和两款国产疫苗。“佳达修9”是唯一能够预防九种HPV病毒类型的疫苗，而其他疫苗则可以抵御两种或四种HPV病毒类型。Qiao Youlin, a professor at the School of Population Medicine and Public Health at the Peking Union Medical College, said that HPV vaccines work best among teenage girls and those who have not had a sexual encounter, but sexually active women can still benefit from getting vaccinated.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院乔友林教授指出，青少年女孩接种HPV疫苗，容易激发更好的免疫反应，未发生性行为的女性接种HPV疫苗将获得最佳预防效果。"Expanding the age group eligible for the 9-valent vaccine will offer more options for Chinese females of different ages to prevent HPV infection and protect their health, and advance China's action to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer," he said in a news release published by Merck on Tuesday.8月30日，乔友林教授在默沙东公众号发布的文章中表示：“九价HPV疫苗获批扩龄更是令我们倍感振奋，其将为我国不同年龄层的女性预防HPV感染和降低相关疾病风险带来更多守护健康的选择，并进一步推动我国加快消除宫颈癌的步伐。”In China, nearly 110,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer last year, and 59,000 had died of the disease, said Zhao Fanghui, a professor at the National Cancer Center and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences' Cancer Hospital, citing data from the Global Cancer Observatory, a cancer data platform associated with the World Health Organization.国家癌症中心、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院的赵方辉教授援引世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构的数据称，2020年我国宫颈癌新发病例约11万，死亡病例约5.9万。"Official data also show that the incidence of cervical cancer in China is rising and the average age of patients is getting younger, which is highly concerning," she said.赵方辉说：“官方数据显示，我国宫颈癌呈现发病率上升、发病年轻化的趋势，这是非常令人担忧的。”Eliminating the disease would require consolidated efforts in boosting the vaccination rate, especially among those aged under 15, as well as promoting early screening and treatment. Due to limited supplies and low awareness, China is now lagging far behind some leading countries in terms of immunization coverage, according to Zhao.赵方辉表示，消除宫颈癌还需加强努力，提高疫苗接种率，尤其是15岁以下人群的接种率，促进癌症筛查和早诊早治。由于HPV疫苗供应有限，公众认知不高，中国目前的疫苗覆盖率仍处于较低水平。However, the rising number of highly effective domestic vaccines available on the market is expected to ramp up the efforts.不过，具有高保护效力的国产HPV疫苗数量逐年增加，为中国宫颈癌防治事业增添了新动力。Six homegrown 9-valent HPV vaccines have entered the third stage of clinical trials, according to information shared by Dong Shaozhong, a researcher at Walvax Biotechnology, during a forum held during the weekend. Doses that protect against even more strains are also under research.沃森生物研究员董少忠表示，6种国产九价HPV疫苗已经进入Ⅲ期临床试验阶段，预防更多HPV病毒类型的疫苗也在研发中。Even though the highly-coveted 9-valent vaccine is not easily available at present, Zhao said unvaccinated groups should not hesitate to receive a dose that protects against two strains.赵方辉表示，九价HPV疫苗一针难求，适龄女性不必盲目等待高价次疫苗，可尽早接种二价HPV疫苗。A new study published in the journal The Lancet Infectious Disease on Friday shows that Cecolin, the first domestic vaccine that protects against two HPV strains, is 100 percent effective in protecting against genital lesions－a precancerous condition－and 97.3 percent effective against persistent infection.8月26日，《柳叶刀-感染病学》发表的一项新研究表明，国产HPV疫苗馨可宁可有效预防HPV16型和18型病毒类型，对HPV16型和/或18型感染相关的病变终点的保护率为100.0%，对HPV16型和/或18型持续性感染（6月以上）的保护率为97.3%。Zhao, who is involved in the study, said the data shows that the domestic vaccine's efficacy is on par with its international alternatives.参与此项研究的赵方辉教授表示，数据显示，国产疫苗与进口疫苗的疗效不相上下。Moreover, the two types of HPV that the vaccine is capable of protecting against cause about 84.5 percent of cervical squamous cancer cases－the most common form of cervical cancer－in China, higher than the global average of 70 percent.馨可宁能够预防约84.5%的宫颈癌鳞癌病例，宫颈癌鳞癌是我国宫颈癌当中最为常见的类型，发病率高于全球平均水平七成。"The follow-up study that tracks more than 7,300 women for about 5.5 years adds evidence to the long-term protection provided by the domestic vaccine," she said. "It can also inform the formulation of public health policies and boost public confidence in and acceptance of domestic vaccines," she said.赵方辉介绍说：“研究团队对7300多名志愿者进行了为期5年半的随访，为国产疫苗的高保护率提供了数据支撑”赵方辉说道：“研究结果为公共卫生政策的制定提供了必要信息，还有利于提高公众对国产疫苗的信心与接受度。”While the latest authorization for Gardasil 9 means that more well-off groups can access the vaccine, Zhao suggested the general public not hesitate to receive available vaccines as soon as possible.虽然“佳达修9”接种年龄放宽意味着更多富人能够打上疫苗，但赵方辉建议公众不必执着高价数疫苗，及早接种疫苗。记者：王小予cervical英[ˈsɜ:vɪkl]；美[ˈsɜrvɪkl]adj. [解]颈的;子宫颈的shield英[ʃiːld]；美[ʃiːld]vt.保护;掩护;庇护;给…加防护罩n.盾;护罩;盾形奖牌;保护人eligible英[ˈelɪdʒəbl]；美[ˈelɪdʒəbl]adj.有资格的;（作为结婚对象）合适的alternative英[ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]；美[ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv]n. 可供选择的事物adj.替代的，备选的;另类的

Dr. Carole Keim MD takes listeners through vaccines in today's episode. She explains everything from how vaccines are created to common myths and misconceptions about them. She then details each baby and childhood vaccine, and what disease each prevents.Dr. Keim breaks down how vaccines work and what criteria they must meet in disease to be effective. She explains the four main types of vaccines and lays each vaccination out in a clear manner, covering what age your baby or child will be when they receive the vaccine and how the immune response works. These vaccines are proven to protect your baby against everything from tetanus to mumps to pertussis and more.This episode will cover: How vaccines workCriteria to create a vaccineThe 4 different types of vaccinesCommon myths or misconceptions about vaccinesSpecific vaccines (all routine childhood vaccines)Total number of vaccinesCommon side effects and red flags, how to treat How vaccines work: 00:44The purpose of vaccines is to trigger an immune response faster and with less harm than the original disease.The immune system is a lot like a microscopic team of superheroes, made up of white blood cells, antibodies, the complement system, and a few others.  These superheroes fight villains such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.  If they cannot fight them fast enough, the villains will multiply and cause symptoms of disease.  Vaccines give your superhero team information about what the villains look like, so they can recognize them as soon as they enter the body, and fight them off quicker and easier.Vaccine criteria: 01:26In order to make a vaccine, certain conditions must be metIt has to be effective.  We must be able to become immune to the pathogen; diseases like RSV and HFM are ones we can catch multiple times.  Chickenpox is one that you become immune to after catching it once.The pathogen must not be able to mutate faster than the vaccine can be given - we do flu boosters annually because the flu virus mutates about that often.  HIV and common cold mutate too fast for a vaccine to be developed.The vaccine must be cost-effective; it has to be cheaper to prevent the disease than to treat itThere are 4 main types of vaccines: 02:31Inactivated (killed pathogens)Live attenuated (weakened pathogens)Toxoid (a piece of what's inside the pathogen)mRNA vaccines Inactivated vaccines 03:44Most common typeThe bacteria or viruses in the vaccine are killed, so your immune system can safely learn to recognize the pathogen that it is trying to fight off.  These vaccines do not have the potential to cause actual disease.  What they do is cause the immune system superheroes to practice fighting the villains, kind of like practicing on dummies, which may cause mild signs of illness - fever, sore muscles, crankiness, or other symptoms.  Examples: IPV (polio), HPV (human papillomavirus), HiB (Haemophilus influenzae B), pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis), and Hepatitis A and B vaccines.Live attenuated vaccines 04:02Made from bacteria or viruses that have been exposed to chemicals that make them weaker than the natural or “wild type” bacteria or virus.  Since these pathogens are not killed completely, your superheroes aren't just practicing on dummies, they are actually fighting the weakened villains.  So it is possible to have symptoms of the disease, but milder.  Some people with weakened immune systems may not be able to fight them off, and can get the actual disease.  People taking steroid medications or immune suppressants, or who have HIV or other immune deficiencies should consult a doctor about whether it is safe to receive these vaccines.  Examples: oral polio vaccine, MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), Varicella zoster (chickenpox), and rotavirus vaccines.Toxoid vaccines 04:55Made from just part of the pathogen, and protect against the kinds of bacteria that cause symptoms after the toxins inside them are released.  These toxin-carrying bacteria are like villains carrying around a bottle of poison, and the toxoid vaccine gives the superheroes the poison to sample and build up resistance to it.  Example: DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis).MRNA vaccines 05:23Newest typemRNA is like a copy of instructions. These give your immune system something like a sewing pattern to print out and make the dummies for your body to fightExample: some COVID vaccinesMyths and misconceptions about vaccines: 05:45Many parents have concerns about vaccinating their children.  It only takes one serious reaction to call into question the safety of vaccines.  And it has been so long since the vaccine-preventable diseases have run rampant that we in the United States don't fully understand the scope of what is being prevented.  Here are some of the top concerns that I have heard from parents, and the truth behind them.Aluminum.  There is aluminum in vaccines, but the amount is far less than babies get from other sources.  The total amount of aluminum that babies get from vaccines in the first 6 months is 4.4mg.  Breastfed babies consume 7mg, formula-fed babies consume 38mg, and babies on soy formula consume 114mg of aluminum in the first 6 months of life.  Consuming aluminum vs. having it injected in a vaccine looks the same to the body, so the tiny amount of aluminum in vaccines will not harm your babyAntigens.  An antigen is any microscopic substance that has the possibility to elicit an immune response.  Babies are exposed to over a trillion antigens in the first year that naturally occur in the environment.  The entire vaccine series that children receive today contains just over 150 antigens.  A young baby's immune system can easily recognize these few antigens and make antibodies to the diseases without getting sick.Autism.  It has been proven that vaccines do NOT cause autism.  The age that children first start showing signs and can be tested for autism is 15-24 months.  This is the same age that children receive booster vaccines, so it is understandable that some parents think they are related. Long-term protection.  Vaccines will protect a person for just as long as if they got the original disease.  So a person who had chickenpox as a child is just as protected from getting it again as a person who has received the chickenpox vaccine.  Some people do not seroconvert (develop antibodies to that disease) - that depends on their immune system and is not a failure of the vaccine itself.Mercury.  There used to be a preservative called thimerosal in vaccines.  That preservative (which contains mercury) has been removed from all vaccines in the US that children receive.  The only vaccine that still contains thimerosal is the adult flu vaccine.Unnatural exposure.  Some people worry that getting exposed to a disease through an injection is not the same as getting it “naturally” by being exposed to a sick person.  This is not true; any disease will get into your bloodstream, which is where it is recognized by the body, and once in there the body has no idea how it got in.  So getting an injection looks exactly the same to your immune system as getting the disease from a sick person.Doctors DO NOT get paid to vaccinate childrenVaccines are NOT a punishment for children who are behaving badlySpecific vaccines: 10:47Hep B - 0, 2, 6 mos.  Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can be passed from mom to baby through the placenta or during delivery.  90% of babies born with HepB will develop chronic infection and are at risk of liver cancer later in life.DTaP - 2, 4, 6, 15 mos, 4 years.  Tdap - age 11, every 10 years.  DTaP has more diphtheria, Tdap has more tetanus. Bacterial infections.  Diphtheria causes severe sore throat and enlarged tonsils, and can block the airway from swelling/tonsils being so enlarged.  Tetanus makes spores that live in soil; any penetrating wound could have tetanus in it (nail/thumbtack, dog or cat bite) and tetanus is not killed by antibiotics so it must be prevented.  Pertussis is whooping cough and causes babies less than a year old to stop breathing.  Everyone who takes care of the baby should be current on their TDaP (within 10 years).  Polio - 2, 4, 6 mos, 4 years.  Polio is a virus that attacks nerves and causes paralysis.  Sometimes it's minor, and sometimes it's the diaphragm that's affected and they stop  breathing.  There is no specific treatment for polio.HiB - 2, 4, 6, 12-18 mos.  HiB (haemophilus influenzae B) bacterial infection that affects children less than 5 years, and especially those under 1 year of age.  It used to cause severe infections like epiglottitis, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis.  PCV - 2, 4, 6, 12-18 mos.  PCV = pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumococcus is another name for streptococcus pneumonia, which is a kind of strep that gets into the bloodstream and causes sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis.  PCV has 13 strains of strep in it right now.Rotavirus - 2, 4, 6 mos. Viral infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration in babies. Hep A - 12 and 18 mos. Hep A is a type of food poisoning, there's no specific treatment.  MMR - 1 and 4 years.  Measles causes high fever, rash, and can cause brain damage, hearing loss, and death.  Mumps causes parotitis (infection of salivary glands), but in boys also causes orchitis (inflammation of testicles) and can lead to sterility.  Rubella is a fever and rash; more dangerous to unborn babies, causes miscarriages and birth defects.VZV - 1 and 4 years.  Varicella Zoster virus (chickenpox) causes cold symptoms, fever, and an itchy and painful rash in children, and shingles in adults.  VZV in pregnancy causes miscarriages and birth defects.MCV - 11 and 16 years.  Meningitis A, C, W, Y are viruses that cause inflammation around the brain that develops quickly and can be fatal.  HPV - 11 years.  Human papilloma virus causes warts and dysplasia and can lead to cancer of the mouth, throat, anus, cervix, and penis.  Currently 9 strains of HPV in the vaccine.  Flu: recommended annually COVID: recommendations are still evolvingVaccines that are available but not given routinely: MenB, PPSV23, Dengue, Typhoid, japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, rabiesTotal numbers of vaccines: 22:351 at birth (Hep B)2 mos: DTaP, polio, HiB, Hep B, PCV, rotavirus - 1 or 2 combo vaccines, PCV and rota = 2 or 3 shots plus an oral vaccine4 mos: DTaP, polio, HiB, PCV, rotavirus - 1 combo plus PCV and rota = 2 shots and one oral6 mos: DTaP, polio, HiB, Hep B, PCV, rotavirus - 1 or 2 combo vaccines, PCV and rota = 2 or 3 shots plus an oral vaccine6+ mos: flu vaccine annually12-18 mos: 2 doses Hep A, 1 of DTaP, HiB, PCV, MMR, VZV.  5-7 shots depending on combos.4-6 years: DTaP, polio, MMR, VZV, typically given as 2 combo vaccines11 years: Tdap, MCV, 2 doses HPV16 years: MCV21+ years: Tdap every 10 years; booster if you have a wound and it's been less than 5 years, booster while pregnant9 shots and 3 oral before 1 year of age, 5-7 shots from age 1-2, 2 shots age 4-6, 4 at age 11, 1 at age 16 = 21-23 total shots before adulthood.  18 flu shots.  Common vaccine reactions: 23:53Birth: nothing; sometimes redness/swelling2-6 mos: redness and swelling (local reaction), can be as much as the entire thigh and still be considered normal.  Low grade fevers.12-18 mos and 4-6 years: muscle soreness, MMR and VZV cause fevers, VZV sometimes causes rash, other vaccines can cause local reactions11yrs: muscle soreness, local reaction with Tdap and MCV, fainting with HPV16 yrs: local reaction from MCVTdap boosters: muscle sorenessFlu, COVID: flu-like symptomsIt is NOT normal to have a body rash or vomiting after vaccines; those are signs of allergyLarge local reactions and muscle soreness can be treated with cool compresses (wet washcloth) and/or acetaminophen or ibuprofen.  Fever or flu-like symptoms: acetaminophen or ibuprofenI DON'T recommend pre-medicating your child before vaccinesIf your child has an adverse reaction to a vaccine, you should report it to VAERS (vaccine adverse event reporting system).  Remember that VAERS is like Yelp for vaccines, so take that about as seriously as you would a Yelp review.All of this information is also in The Baby Manual book, which is available for purchase. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your baby's health.  Resources discussed in this episode:The Baby Manual - Available on AmazonVAERS--Dr. Carole Keim MD: linktree | tiktok | instagram

前段时间，与一位女性友人吃饭。曾经留学法国的她，说起自己当年打HPV疫苗的经历，并强烈推荐身边，有条件的女性朋友，尽量考虑打。这两年，HPV疫苗特别火。有的地方比如深圳，想打针要等卫健委「摇号」，简直比买车买房还难。和编辑部的小伙伴们聊起，今年九价HPV成了超级无敌香饽饽，几乎约不上。医生卡年龄也特别严，超过身份证生日一天都不给打了。我们为大家整理、准备了和HPV疫苗最相关的12个问题，放在评论区了，今天来和你仔细捋一捋。希望每个女性朋友，都能多爱自己，花5分钟阅读一下；每个男性朋友，也别排斥，多多关心身边的女性，推荐她们了解HPV疫苗。1.HPV疫苗到底有什么用？2.HPV疫苗，适合谁打？限制年龄吗？3.感染了HPV，一定会得宫颈癌吗？4.有了性生活，适合再打HPV疫苗吗？5.已经感染了HPV病毒，打HPV疫苗，还有意义吗？6.HPV疫苗打哪种？花费贵不贵？7.HPV疫苗，去哪里接种？8.怀孕和HPV疫苗接种，有冲突吗？9.HPV疫苗有没有副作用？听说有人打了死亡了？10.接种了HPV疫苗，就不会再得宫颈癌了吗？11.接种了HPV疫苗，还应该做什么体检？12.HPV疫苗有什么投资机会？第1个问题：HPV疫苗到底有什么用？简单来说，HPV疫苗是公认的，能够预防女性宫颈癌的有效手段。宫颈癌是是女性最常见的癌症之一，而97%的宫颈癌，是由HPV（人乳头瘤病毒）引起的。不过，HPV还不仅仅烦扰女性，全世界每年约有7万男性，也患有HPV引起的癌症（阴茎癌、肛门癌、口咽癌等）。所以不论是男性还是女性，「预防HPV」这一步骤，挺值得考虑一下的。第2个问题：HPV疫苗，适合谁打？限制年龄吗？这个问题，其实可以从两个方面来回答。1）首先，我们来聊聊什么情况下，效果最好。2个要点：9岁开始，年龄越小越好；未发生性行为的效果，更好。因为HPV的主要传播途径，主要是性行为。未有过性行为的女性，接种HPV的，预防效果更好；另外，有科学研究表明，在没有性行为的情况下，成年女性的效果，也不如年龄更小的女孩。分享几个接种年龄方面的数据：美国妇产科医师协会 ACOG ：推荐 9-26 岁日本三大权威机构（日本妇产科学会、日本小儿科学会、日本妇科肿瘤学会）：推荐 45 岁前闲扯一句，一些国家，接种是可以医保报销的。比如我刚才那位朋友，留学期间在加拿大接种，也是保险公司出的钱。2）那是不是超过26岁就不适合接种了呢？其实也不是。45岁之前，如果你条件允许，也还可以考虑。比如国内，目前的4价疫苗的适用年龄，是20-45岁。第3个问题：感染了HPV，一定会得宫颈癌吗？答案是否定的。虽然，女性一生有80%的概率感染HPV，但HPV病毒分成非常多种类型，不少都能被自身免疫系统消灭。其中只有少数几种类型，高致病。比如16型和18型，大概70%的宫颈癌都是它俩造成的。HPV疫苗主要也针对它们。而且，通常只有「长期」感染HPV病毒，才会病变为宫颈癌。这个长期，也因人而异。虽然有的快的人，可能2-3年就会病变为癌症，但大多数人需要15-25年。所以除了接种疫苗外，定期做检查，也非常必要。第4个问题：有了性生活，还适合打HPV疫苗吗？有了性生活，打HPV疫苗没意义，这个说法是错的。效果可能没那么好，但不是说打HPV疫苗没有意义了，只是性价比变低了。但即使有过性行为，一来你可能还没有真正感染HPV；二来HPV疫苗预防的病毒，分成很多型，你也有没感染的病毒类型。接种HPV疫苗，仍然是有一定价值的，条件允许，金钱允许，也可以打。第5问题：已经感染了HPV，适合再打疫苗吗？未感染过HPV的人打了才有用，这个说法也是错的。其实这个问题，逻辑和上一问大致类似：效果会变弱，性价比变低了，但不是说没有价值。比如，对你没有感染过的其他型的病毒，也还有预防价值；再比如，很多HPV病毒感染，是可以靠自身免疫系统消灭的，之后疫苗也有一定效用。当然，这种情况下，你打疫苗的意义肯定是变小的。如果你觉得花费不划算、或者麻烦，权衡性价比不接种，也是可以的。第6问题：HPV疫苗打哪种？花费贵不贵？目前，有3种最常见的HPV疫苗，俗称2价、4价和9价疫苗。所谓的「价」，就是疫苗针对的HPV病毒具体的类型。比如2价疫苗，就是针对最容易引发宫颈癌的HPV16和18型。关于到底打哪种，价格如何，讲义区为你整理了一张核心信息表。简单来说，预算够，年龄也合适的话，建议选9价的；如果超龄了，又非常想注射9价的，愿意折腾一下，可以考虑去香港、或国外接种；如果超过26岁，不愿折腾，其实国内4价的也挺好的。具体价格，最便宜的2价，花2000块就能搞定；9价的一般要在6000左右，一些地区甚至超过了7000，还要具体咨询你所在地的情况。第7个问题：HPV疫苗，去哪里接种？总的来说，可以分为2大类情况：在内地，以及去香港地区或国外接种。如果在内地可以接种，当然是最方便的。不过各地基本都需要预约，建议你搜索一下当地的HPV接种方法，打电话预约后再前往。比如上海，各区都有公布相应的预约接种点，主要有2种，一种再社区卫生服务中心，另一种在指定的医院/诊所/医疗公司的门诊部。如果你超龄却想打9价，或者国内预约不到等不及，或者刚巧在香港/国外，也可以在当地接种。但要注意在正规医疗机构接种，并且确认一下后续2针能不能保证有货。第8个问题：怀孕和HPV疫苗接种，有冲突吗？如果你打了1-2针HPV疫苗，然后发现自己怀孕了，首先不用恐慌，只需要暂停后面的接种，生完孩子在打。目前，没有研究表明打过HPV疫苗，会对孕妇和胎儿造成不良反应。如果你计划怀孕，那还是暂时推迟你的HPV疫苗接种计划吧。也没必要硬打。9个问题：HPV疫苗有没有副作用？听说有人打了死亡了？因为个体差异，副作用对于任何疫苗，都不可避免的。比如HPV疫苗可能的副作用，有头晕、恶心、发烧、打针处皮肤炎症等，但一般都比较好处理。当然，一些小伙伴可能看到，日本有一些数据，表明有万分之7-9的概率，打完HPV疫苗后，有较严重的副作用，甚至死亡。但是，并没有研究表明，这些严重问题，就是因为疫苗产生的。简单一句话，如果因为担心副作用，拒绝打HPV疫苗，不明智。第10个问题：接种了HPV疫苗，就不会再得宫颈癌了吗？并不是。看了上面的分析，你就会发现，HPV疫苗只能大概率预防几种致病的宫颈癌病毒。虽然预防效果还是非常显著的，但也不能说，100%的预防所有宫颈癌。所以，即使你接种了HPV疫苗，也一定要每年做HPV的检查。第11个问题：接种了HPV疫苗，还应该做什么体检？顺着上面的问题，无论有没有打过HPV疫苗，女生都应该定期去做宫颈癌筛查。问了专业医生，比较好的选择，是21岁开始，定期检查。常见的检查有，HPV检查（是否感染HPV）、TCT检查（确定是否癌变，有性生活后考虑做）两者结合，判断更准确。多说一句，除了HPV疫苗+体检的防治，宫颈癌也纳入了重疾险的保障范围，住院治疗也可以通过百万医疗险报销。最后一个问题：HPV疫苗有什么投资机会？在之前，HPV疫苗市场基本上被英国的GSK公司和美国的默沙东垄断。2020年之后，我国的万泰生物也研发出了二价疫苗馨可宁，并在今年10月份，获得世界卫生组织的认可上市。目前HPV疫苗只有我国、英国、美国三个国家的三家公司可以生产。僧多粥少，所以市面上经常出现约不上的难题。好在，我们国家近些年也在加快自主研发的脚步，比如万泰的9价疫苗，还有康乐卫士的3价、9价疫苗等，目前都进入临床实验阶段。同时，我国多个地方政府也加大了对HPV疫苗的重视。比如内蒙古鄂尔多斯、福建厦门、山东济南、广东省、江苏无锡等地，都已经陆续开展适龄女性国产2价HPV疫苗的免费或补贴的接种。那政策发力下，HPV产业链有没有可以布局的投资机会呢？咱们不妨从HPV疫苗产业链上捋一捋。首先，上游是HPV疫苗研究商和供应商。他们就像是提供乐高积木的，供应商主要负责HPV原材料、生产设备和耗材（比如针筒）。接下来的中游呢，就是起到把乐高拼好的作用，包括HPV疫苗生产商和HPV病毒检测商。前面我们大篇幅聊到的，主要是HPV疫苗生产商，代表公司有默沙东、GSK、万泰生物；另外沃森生物、康乐卫士等公司也在努力研发中。HPV检测商也十分重要，主流公司有华大基因、凯普生物、罗氏、豪洛捷等。积木搭好了，下一步就是去把它卖出去，也就是下游做的事情。HPV疫苗代理商、终端销售机构（比如疾病控制中心、接种单位）、医院和消费者。代表公司有智飞生物等等。但是对普通人来说，投资个股的难度和风险都挺大的，我们不妨可以留意下包含这些医药公司的医药主题基金。不过需要提醒的是，医药类基金波动挺大的。像中证医疗指数，今年以来的最大跌幅就达到了30%。所以想上车医药基金的小伙伴，一定要注意和自己的风险偏好进行匹配哦~战胜宫颈癌，其实每位女性，都有很大的选择权。好啦，关于HPV疫苗就和你聊到这里。也欢迎把你感兴趣的话题，留言告诉我们呀~如果你觉得今天的科普有用，欢迎点个「赞」告诉我~

Cancer doesn't stop for anyone or anything. With the first phase of our First National Virtual Fundraising event drawing to a close, we wanted to shout out and feature the top 3 fundraisers who have been a powerhouse during this event. All 3 have raised over $1000 for OCF and have been a huge encouragement for those who would also like to do good. Nick Kuehl – Nick is a Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survivor and is approaching his two-year anniversary of being diagnosed. To quote Nick, “My journey is not more special or unique than anyone else. We all have our own challenges to overcome. We all know someone who has, is, or will battle cancer in their life.” Claire Pettingale – Claire walks for her sister Catherine Hackett. Cathy's specific cause for her oral cancer was one that has not yet been identified. With the impact of COVID-19, those with preexisting health conditions have gone unseen, as the pandemic has taken priority. She wants to bring awareness that everyone is affected by the pandemic, and cancer patients should not be left behind. Claire has been a beacon of light in these uncertain times, and both sisters are amazing and encouraging women. Robert Logan – What can we say about Robert except he is a true champion. Robert has been battling HPV16+ cancer for three years, had six tumors, completed chemotherapy and radiation treatments, only for cancer to come back. He has been enrolled in phase 2 clinical trial with Immunotherapy and targeted chemotherapy, and his cancer has been stable for 15 months! Robert has been participating in the Fundraiser every day, and frequently updates his social media with his progress, sharing inspiring photos of himself throughout the month.

CSE Curriculums mislead students to trust contraception, but the Medical Accuracy is bogusCondoms, touted in all CSE curriculums cannot provide complete protection. Why? Condoms are only being used correctly about 1 time in 5, only 20%. In addition, it is common knowledge STD infections such as HPV and syphilis are still infectious despite condom use, with overall true STD infection rate of 70-80%.   Curriculums do not warn young girls/women of their high risk for STDs. The immature cervix has only 1 cell layer, putting females at particular vulnerability to infection. PRIE has concern regarding male and female student experimentation with anal sex, believing it is “safe,”  What they are NOT told about is the high risk for infection, tears, and fissures, and bowel incontinence. The fact condoms are not created for anal sex, and commonly break, is replaced with the lie that using a condom assures students' safety.Recent statistics for Washington state show the Chlamydia and Gonorrhea infection rate of young girls ages 15-19 is at almost epidemic levels today.What's the risk? When it's you, it's 100%.Again, why are students encouraged to practice oral sex as a form of safe sex, when the Oral Cancer Foundation states 26 million Americans are infected daily with oral HPV virus, and a dramatic increase in oral cancer caused by HPV16 is occurring among young adults?The UK Lords and Commons Family and Child Protection Group find that their version of CSE, Relationships and Sex Education, has not slowed the increase of STDs. In addition there has been an alarming increase of self-mutilation, and a 169% increase in suicides for adolescents aged 15-19 is occurring from 2010-2015.Even though Schools in our urban centers have been using the CSE curricula for some time, STD rates and suicides continue to rise.According to the CDC, since CSE was introduced in Washington state the rates of oral cancers and STIs in youth 15-25 have skyrocketed. CSE explains the most common STIs (gonorrhea, and chlamydia) can live on parts of the body not covered by a condom, therefore one is at great risk of contracting an STI even when using a condom.Usually, there is no mention of dangers associated with anal sex; incontinence, anal tears, fissures. The fact condoms are not created for anal sex and commonly break, is replaced with the lie that using a condom assures students' safety. PRIE WEBSITERead more about Inadequate Medical Data, and Condom Facts here.Support the show (https://www.parentsrightsined.com/support-the-cause.html)

Dan Passeri, CEO, Cue Biopharma discusses their proprietary Immuno-STAT(TM) platform.  Cue Biopharma is engineering a novel class of injectable biologics to selectively engage and modulate targeted T cells within the body to transform the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.  The platform is designed to harness the body's intrinsic immune system response without the need for ex vivo manipulation.  Cue is currently conducting a Phase 1 study in HPV16-driven head and neck cancer and partnering with Merck to develop treatments for autoimmune diseases. #immunooncology #HNSCC. #TCells @CueBiopharma CueBiopharma.com Listen to the podcast here. Download the entire transcript from this episode page TRANSCRIPT Page 1: Karen Jagoda: Welcome to the empoweredpatientpodcast.com show. I'm Karen Jagoda, and my guest today is Dan Passeri. He's the CEO of Cue Biopharma. That's cuebiopharma.com. And I recently talked with Anish Suri, who is the Chief Scientific Officer at Cue, and I thought it was such an interesting story that I thought it was also a good idea to get the CEO of the company on the show to give us a little bit of an update and perhaps a little bit more in the way of details. So welcome to the show today, Dan. Dan Passeri: Thanks, Karen. Appreciate it. Karen Jagoda: So let's just talk a little bit about where Cue fits into the landscape of immuno-oncology companies. Dan Passeri: Sure. Immuno-oncology is obviously a very broad, encompassing category, and what it really covers is any approach that is meant to stimulate the immune system in some manner, that is meant to have clinical activity against cancer. And there's a myriad of approaches, but ultimately, no matter what approach is being taken, the objective is to stimulate the effective components of the immune system that can identify and attack cancer. Dan Passeri: What we do is actually quite distinctive in that the majority of approaches have tried to stimulate T-cells in various ways by taking them out of the body, for instance. And we've all heard of all these various cell therapy approaches, CAR T being the best publicized and characterized. And that's where you're taking T-cells out of the patient, you're genetically altering them to have a particular receptor that recognizes cancer, and infusing them back in. Dan Passeri: There are also cell therapy approaches where they take the cells out and use particular proteins that are represented on cancer, and then those T-cells will recognize that protein, and they use something called IL-2, Interleukin-2. It's an approved drug called proleukin, and they'll stimulate the T-cells, and then they infuse them back into the body. Dan Passeri: What we're doing is quite a different approach, and we believe it's a transformative approach in that we are using a biologic engineering category to stimulate T-cells directly in the patient's body. So it basically removes the need for having to extract T-cells out of the patient and the cumbersome manipulations, and we believe what we'll have is a potential breakthrough in the space where we can use our biologic to engage the desired T-cells. Now, that is only those T-cells that will recognize the protein on the cancer, activate those T-cells, and make many copies of them so that they then will identify the tumor cells, attack them, and destroy them. So that's the broad overview of what we're doing. Karen Jagoda: So when I heard you describe what you're up to, it sounded like there were lots of advantages. One, a time factor. You don't have to take the cells out and put them back in the body after a certain period of time. But also it sounds like you might be able to reduce the unintended consequences or the side effects. Can you say a little bit about what goes on when you approach the cancer in this way? Download the entire transcript. Sponsored by

Dan Passeri, CEO, Cue Biopharma discusses their proprietary Immuno-STAT(TM) platform.  Cue Biopharma is engineering a novel class of injectable biologics to selectively engage and modulate targeted T cells within the body to transform the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.  The platform is designed to harness the body's intrinsic immune system response without the need for ex vivo manipulation.  Cue is currently conducting a Phase 1 study in HPV16-driven head and neck cancer and partnering with Merck to develop treatments for autoimmune diseases. #immunooncology #HNSCC #TCells @CueBiopharma CueBiopharma.com Download the entire transcript here Page 1 of Transcript Karen Jagoda: Welcome to the empoweredpatientpodcast.com show. I'm Karen Jagoda, and my guest today is Dan Passeri. He's the CEO of Cue Biopharma. That's cuebiopharma.com. And I recently talked with Anish Suri, who is the Chief Scientific Officer at Cue, and I thought it was such an interesting story that I thought it was also a good idea to get the CEO of the company on the show to give us a little bit of an update and perhaps a little bit more in the way of details. So welcome to the show today, Dan. Dan Passeri: Thanks, Karen. Appreciate it. Karen Jagoda: So let's just talk a little bit about where Cue fits into the landscape of immuno-oncology companies. Dan Passeri: Sure. Immuno-oncology is obviously a very broad, encompassing category, and what it really covers is any approach that is meant to stimulate the immune system in some manner, that is meant to have clinical activity against cancer. And there's a myriad of approaches, but ultimately, no matter what approach is being taken, the objective is to stimulate the effective components of the immune system that can identify and attack cancer. Dan Passeri: What we do is actually quite distinctive in that the majority of approaches have tried to stimulate T-cells in various ways by taking them out of the body, for instance. And we've all heard of all these various cell therapy approaches, CAR T being the best publicized and characterized. And that's where you're taking T-cells out of the patient, you're genetically altering them to have a particular receptor that recognizes cancer, and infusing them back in. Dan Passeri: There are also cell therapy approaches where they take the cells out and use particular proteins that are represented on cancer, and then those T-cells will recognize that protein, and they use something called IL-2, Interleukin-2. It's an approved drug called proleukin, and they'll stimulate the T-cells, and then they infuse them back into the body. Dan Passeri: What we're doing is quite a different approach, and we believe it's a transformative approach in that we are using a biologic engineering category to stimulate T-cells directly in the patient's body. So it basically removes the need for having to extract T-cells out of the patient and the cumbersome manipulations, and we believe what we'll have is a potential breakthrough in the space where we can use our biologic to engage the desired T-cells. Now, that is only those T-cells that will recognize the protein on the cancer, activate those T-cells, and make many copies of them so that they then will identify the tumor cells, attack them, and destroy them. So that's the broad overview of what we're doing.

以預防子宮頸癌為主的HPV（人類乳突病毒）疫苗，其實不只女生該施打，醫生建議，男性也要施打。 台灣疫苗推動協會理事長李秉穎指出，HPV家族成員共100多種，其中有7種（HPV16、18、31、33、45、52及58）具高致癌風險，HPV16和18造成約70%的子宮頸癌。在所有癌症中，約有5%是HPV造成，包括子宮頸癌、外陰癌、陰道癌、陰莖癌、肛門癌、頭頸癌等6種癌症；低致癌風險的成員如HPV6、11雖然不易演變成癌症，但可能造成性病菜花。

Anish Suri, President and Chief Scientific Officer, Cue Biopharma discusses their proprietary Immuno-STAT(tm)  platform. Cue Biopharma is engineering a novel class of injectable biologics to selectively engage and modulate targeted T cells within the body to transform the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.  The company's proprietary platform Immuno-STAT(tm) (Selective Targeting and Alteration of T cells) is designed to harness the body's intrinsic immune system without the need for ex vivo manipulation.  The company is currently conducting a Phase 1 study in HPV16-driven head and neck cancer and partnering with Merck to develop treatments for autoimmune diseases. @CueBiopharma #immunooncology  #HNSCC  #TCells CueBiopharma.com Download the transcript here  

Anish Suri, President and Chief Scientific Officer, Cue Biopharma discusses their proprietary Immuno-STAT(tm)  platform. Cue Biopharma is engineering a novel class of injectable biologics to selectively engage and modulate targeted T cells within the body to transform the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.  The company's proprietary platform Immuno-STAT(tm) (Selective Targeting and Alteration of T cells) is designed to harness the body's intrinsic immune system without the need for ex vivo manipulation.  The company is currently conducting a Phase 1 study in HPV16-driven head and neck cancer and partnering with Merck to develop treatments for autoimmune diseases. @cuebiopharma #immunooncology  #HNSCC  #TCells CueBiopharma.com Listen to the podcast here  

Dr Lesley Anderson talks to ecancertv at the UK's National Cancer Research Institute ( NCRI ) 2013 meeting about a study looking at the changing profile of HPV infection and resultant disease now that the UK has introduced an HPV vaccine. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection among screening age women prior to vaccination and determine HPV types associated with cervix disease. HPV positivity was investigated using the Roche Cobas 4800 in 5557 eligible Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) samples from women of screening age in Northern Ireland and 2048 samples of cervical pathology collected prospectively. LBC samples revealed a crude age standardised prevalence of high risk HPV of 17.4% in screening age women in Northern Ireland. The highest rate (42.5%) was in those aged 20-24. HPV prevalence by main subtypes were: HPV 16 (5.3%) 31 (2.5%) 51 (2.2%) 18 (1.7%). For cervical pathology prevalence of HPV was 64.7% overall, increasing from 48.1% of CINI, 65.7% of CINII, 81.3% of CINIII to 89.1% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The majority of SCC's tested positive for HPV16 or 18 (91.2% of HPV positive samples). HPV positivity was found in 92.9% microinvasive SCC, 50% of adenocarcinomas, 66.7% adenosquamous carcinomas, 88.2% cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia and 29.1% koilocytosis. The number of genotypes detected varied across pathology grade, On average 2.5 genotypes where detected per positive sample. A trend was identified that CIN I had the lowest percentage (66.0%) of single genotypes. On average 91.8% of all cancerous samples containing only one HPV genotype. The most frequent single genotypes found in cancerous samples were HPV16, HPV18, HPV45, HPV31, HPV39 and HPV52. For SCC samples not testing positive for HPV16 or HPV 18, five samples tested positive for a single HPV 31, HPV 39, HPV 45 or HPV 52 genotype, which may have implications for vaccine cross protection of non-target genotypes as these types are common in women with normal cervical pathology.

Sensitivity and Specificity are analytical methods that help determine the performance of a laboratory test.

Overview of the ATHENA cervical cancer screening clinical trial, a 47,000 patient US registration study, by Dr. Warner Huh (gynecological oncologist). This presentation includes a review of the data for both normal and ASC-US cytology. It also reviews new evidence supporting genotype assessment for the risk for cervical cancer.

An introduction to the Human Papillomavirus disease state including incidence and disease progression. The interrelationship of HPV to cervical cancer and the diagnostic applications to cervical cancer screening are also included.

I concentrated on the expansion of T cells specific against the oncogenic human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16), which are a very rare population in the blood of healthy donors as well as patients with HPV16-associated cancer. Instead of mature dendritic cells (DC) as antigen presenting cells, which are a potent but limitated system, I used activated B cells. I was able to expand cytotoxic active HPV-specific T cells to therapeutically relevant cell numbers. I analysed the T cell receptors of the E7-specific T cells well as their avidity to get a first idea of clonality and avidity of HPV-specific T cell pools.