OncLive® On Air

Welcome to OncLive On Air®! OncLive On Air is a podcast from OncLive®, which provides oncology professionals with the resources and information they need to provide the best patient care. In both digital and print formats, OncLive covers every angle of oncology practice, from new technology to treatment advances to important regulatory decisions. In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD, about the FDA approval of ziftomenib (Komzifti) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible NPM1 mutation who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. Dr Erba is a professor of medicine in the Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy in the Department of Medicine at the Duke University School of Medicine, as well as director of the Leukemia Program and director of Phase I Development in Hematologic Malignancies. He is also a member of the Duke Cancer Institute in Durham, North Carolina. In our exclusive interview, Dr Erba discussed the significance of this approval, key efficacy and safety findings from the pivotal phase 1/2 KOMET-001 trial (NCT04067336), and the role ziftomenib may play throughout the evolution of the AML treatment paradigm. _____ That's all we have for today! Thank you for listening to this episode of OncLive On Air. Check back throughout the week for exclusive interviews with leading experts in the oncology field. For more updates in oncology, be sure to visit www.OncLive.com and sign up for our e-newsletters. OncLive is also on social media. On X and BlueSky, follow us at @OncLive. On Facebook, like us at OncLive, and follow our OncLive page on LinkedIn. If you liked today's episode of OncLive On Air, please consider subscribing to our podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and many of your other favorite podcast platforms,* so you get a notification every time a new episode is posted. While you are there, please take a moment to rate us! Thanks again for listening to OncLive On Air. *OncLive On Air is available on: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, CastBox, Podcast Addict, Podchaser, RadioPublic, and TuneIn. This content is a production of OncLive; this OncLive On Air podcast is supported by funding, however, content is produced and independently developed by OncLive.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Justin Taylor, MD, an associate professor in the Division of Hematology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, about the growing role of artificial intelligence in cancer information–seeking and what this means for clinicians caring for patients with hematologic malignancies. Dr Taylor's recent work explores how patients are increasingly turning to AI tools to better understand their diagnoses and treatments, and why oncologists must be aware of the accuracy, limitations, and clinical implications of these technologies.

Closing the Gap: Understanding Gender Disparities in Bladder Cancer Care, hosted by Martha K. Terris, MD, FACS, is a limited series spotlighting unique considerations for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment among women. Dr Terris is department chair and a professor in the Department of Urology, the Witherington Distinguished Chair in Urology, and co-director of the Cancer Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University. In the final part of this 3-part series, Dr Terris discussed how the early diagnosis of bladder cancer presents a significant challenge, particularly in female patients, who are frequently diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and subsequently respond less favorably to treatment modalities. A crucial component of early detection is the rigorous evaluation of hematuria, she emphasized. Microhematuria is defined strictly by microscopy. Reliance solely on a dipstick test is insufficient; any positive dipstick result necessitates a microscopic examination, she explained. Furthermore, patients currently receiving anticoagulation therapy do not bypass the standard workup, she noted. If hematuria is identified alongside a urinary tract infection or gynecological issue, the urine should be rechecked once the co-existing problem has cleared, she advised. Risk assessment must consider both common and less-recognized factors, particularly in women, according to Terris. Standard risks include exposure to cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, Lynch syndrome, chronic indwelling Foley catheters, benzene/aromatic amine exposure, and smoking, she added. However, uro-oncologists must actively assess female patients for occupational exposures not traditionally associated with bladder cancer, she said. Patients presenting with microhematuria should be stratified into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups, Terris continued. The gold standard evaluation for high-risk patients is a cystoscopy and CT urogram, she reported. The CT urogram involves cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen and pelvis with and without contrast, incorporating delayed images to optimally visualize the renal pelvis and ureters for potential filling defects, she noted. If patients cannot tolerate contrast, an MR urogram is the primary alternative, she stated. If neither CT nor MR urogram can be performed, the default workup is non-contrast CT combined with cystoscopy and retrograde pyelograms, although this requires general anesthesia, she explained. Given that women are often diagnosed with bladder cancer late and face poor outcomes with advanced disease, maintaining a heightened awareness and low threshold for investigation is critical, Terris concluded.

In today's episode, filmed live at the 43rd Annual Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium, lung cancer expert Benjamin P. Levy, MD, hosted an in-depth discussion with Jonathan W. Lee, MD, MSc, on the evolving therapeutic landscape for EGFR-mutant and HER2-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Levy is the clinical director of medical oncology at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Sibley Memorial Hospital and an associate professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Washington, DC. Dr Lee is the chief oncology/hematology fellow at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, New York.

In today's episode, filmed live at the 43rd Annual Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium, lung cancer expert Benjamin P. Levy, MD, hosted a cross-specialty discussion with genitourinary (GU) cancer expert Scott T. Tagawa, MD, MS, FACP, FASCO, about the rapidly evolving treatment paradigms for prostate and kidney cancer. Dr Levy is the clinical director of medical oncology at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Sibley Memorial Hospital and an associate professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Washington, DC. Dr Tagawa is a professor of medicine and urology at Weill Cornell Medicine, as well as an attending physician at NewYork-Presbyterian – Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York, New York. Their conversation began with a focus on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positive prostate cancer. Dr Tagawa explained that PSMA is a cell surface protein, and that PSMA imaging agents are commonly used to assess biochemical recurrence and perform initial disease staging. He noted that therapy-related adverse effects are often site-specific, including dry mouth/change in taste, and myelosuppression from the radiation payload. For monitoring long-term safety, Dr Tagawa emphasized that renal function must be tracked. Beyond PSMA, other prostate cancer targets include TROP-2, B7-H3, and markers specific to aggressive or neuroendocrine variants, such as DLL3, he reported. In advanced GU cancers, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing is increasingly important, Dr Tagawa highlighted. In prostate cancer, ctDNA testing is used to assess homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status and BRCA expression, he said, explaining that evidence for the use of ctDNA testing in GU cancers stems from findings with this type of assay to evaluate minimal residual disease levels in urothelial cancer. He noted that studies show that if patients with urothelial cancer become ctDNA positive within the first year of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, they benefit from treatment with atezolizumab (Tecentriq). Similarly, he stated that patients with previously untreated HRD-positive metastatic prostate cancer also see a progression-free survival benefit when a PARP inhibitor is added to an androgen deprivation therapy/androgen receptor pathway inhibitor backbone. Shifting the conversation to the management of frontline advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the experts reviewed standard approaches, which involve an immune-oncology (IO) agent plus either a CTLA-4 inhibitor or a VEGF TKI. Tagawa noted that IO/VEGF TKI combinations may be preferred for symptomatic patients needing a rapid response, whereas IO/IO combinations may offer greater potential for treatment cessation. He brought up a key distinction in RCC, which is that re-instituting PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition upon progression in the metastatic setting has generally shown no benefit. Dr Levy brought a broad scope to the GU cancer discussion through his lung cancer expertise, introducing parallels between the treatment paradigms. The interview provided an opportunity to show the importance of creating connections across oncology specialties to bring nuanced perspectives to future advances in clinical research and patient care.

From Discovery to Delivery: Charting Progress in Gynecologic Oncology, hosted by Ursula A. Matulonis, MD, brings expert insights into the most recent breakthroughs, evolving standards, and emerging therapies across gynecologic cancers. Dr Matulonis is chief of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology and the Brock-Wilcon Family Chair at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, both in Boston, Massachusetts. In this inaugural episode, Dr Matulonis welcomed guest Taymaa May, MD, MSc, to discuss advances in gynecologic cancer surgery. Dr May is the director of Ovarian Cancer Surgery in the Division of Surgical Oncology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, as well as an associate professor at Harvard Medical School. One of the biggest transformative changes in the field has been the introduction of minimally invasive surgery using laparoscopic and robotic platforms, Dr May emphasized. This allows for precise cancer staging surgery and faster patient recovery without compromising cancer outcomes, she noted. Complementing this has been the innovation of sentinel lymph node mapping, which uses technology, such as an infrared dye, to precisely identify and remove only the necessary lymph nodes. This offers equal staging precision and reduces patient morbidity with lower extremity lymphedema, a common adverse effect associated with older, extensive lymph node dissections, according to Dr May. The experts stressed the importance of consulting a gynecologic oncology surgeon, as national studies indicate that patients assessed and operated on by these specialists achieve the most optimal clinical outcomes. For advanced ovarian cancer, which often requires complex multivisceral resection to achieve optimal tumor removal, Dr May explained that surgical innovations are used to enhance recovery. For example, she noted that fluorescence angiography assesses blood flow in fresh bowel sutures intraoperatively, which helps ensure proper healing and minimizes complications. In cervical cancer, Dr May said that radical trachelectomy offers a safe, fertility-preserving option for young patients with suitable tumors. Furthermore, when determining treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, she emphasized that personalization is key. Ultimately, Drs Matulonis and May reported that integrating surgical innovation into gynecologic cancer treatment protocols ensures optimal recovery, which is critical for patients to start subsequent treatments, like chemotherapy, on time.

Closing the Gap: Understanding Gender Disparities in Bladder Cancer Care, hosted by Martha K. Terris, MD, FACS, is a limited series spotlighting unique considerations for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment among women. Dr Terris is department chair and a professor in the Department of Urology, the Witherington Distinguished Chair in Urology, and co-director of the Cancer Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University. In part 2 of this 3-part series, Dr Terris discussed the disparities in treatment and outcomes for women with bladder cancer. Although bladder cancer is less common in females than in males, female patients tend to have significantly worse outcomes, Terris explained. Delayed diagnosis is a contributing factor, but the exact reasons for the poorer prognosis are not fully understood, she emphasized. Treatment difficulties begin surgically, according to Terris. From a surgical perspective, she noted that, performing a cystectomy on a woman is more challenging due to factors like pelvic varicosities and differing fat distribution, which complicate stoma creation. In terms of medical treatment, Terris also explained that women exhibit worse tolerability and higher rates of discontinuation of immunotherapy, and that they often experience poor efficacy outcomes regardless of whether they complete the course of treatment. These differences between men and women may be linked to factors such as hormonal influences or antibody introduction during pregnancy. Conversely, classic cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy have been shown to have similar overall survival and disease-free survival in eligible female and male patients. Biologically, Terris also reported that tumors in women may exhibit more effective immune escape mechanisms, possibly connected to differences in the bladder microbiome. The presence of bacteria in bladder tumors has been found to be enriched in patients who did not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is relevant as women are more prone to bladder colonization, she added. Overall, Terris emphasized that oncologists must be aggressive in treating women with bladder cancer, despite surgical complexities, and highlighted that early detection is key.

Two Onc Docs, hosted by Samantha A. Armstrong, MD, and Karine Tawagi, MD, is a podcast dedicated to providing current and future oncologists and hematologists with the knowledge they need to ace their boards and deliver quality patient care. Dr Armstrong is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis. Dr Tawagi is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois in Chicago. In this episode, OncLive On Air® partnered with Two Onc Docs to review exciting updates from the 2025 ESMO Congress about bladder cancer management that have the potential to change guidelines. In non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), 2 trials added immunotherapy to BCG. The phase 3 POTOMAC trial (NCT03528694) combining durvalumab (Imfinzi) with BCG for high-risk, BCG-naive NMIBC was positive, demonstrating improved disease-free survival with the combination. This regimen might become a new standard of care and could reduce the need for early radical cystectomy, the experts highlighted. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, the phase 3 KEYNOTE-905 study (NCT03924895) combined perioperative enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for cisplatin-ineligible patients. This positive trial demonstrated strong event-free survival and overall survival (OS) with the combination. Furthermore, the phase 3 IMvigor011 trial (NCT04660344) provided data on a risk-adapted approach using adjuvant atezolizumab (Tecentriq) for post-cystectomy patients with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)–positive disease. For these patients, atezolizumab generated benefits in disease-free survival and OS, supporting the future use of ctDNA for personalized therapy. Updates in metastatic bladder cancer emphasized the importance of testing for FGFR alterations and HER2 expression in the second-line setting, Armstrong and Tawagi explained. The phase 1 FORAGER-1 study (NCT05614739) showed the efficacy of an oral FGFR3 inhibitor in heavily pretreated patients and showed lower rates of hypophosphatemia with the agent compared with erdafitinib (Balversa). Overall, the conference yielded many new and exciting data points for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Kevin Kalinsky, MD, MS, FASCO, about the evolving treatment paradigm for hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer post-CDK4/6 inhibition, as well as the need for more advanced therapies to improve patient outcomes in this setting. Dr Kalinsky is a professor and director in the Division of Medical Oncology of the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine, as well as the director of the Glenn Family Breast Center and the Louisa and Rand Glenn Family Chair in Breast Cancer Research at Winship Cancer Institute in Atlanta, Georgia. In our exclusive interview, Dr Kalinsky discussed combination therapies that have shown promise for the management of HR-positive breast cancer following endocrine therapy, factors influencing treatment selection for patients who have received prior CDK4/6 inhibition, best practices for genomic testing in this population, and breast cancer research highlights from the 2025 ESMO Congress.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Stephen Liu, MD, about the potential role for zidesamtinib (NVL-520) for the treatment of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ROS1 rearrangements. Dr Liu is an associate professor of medicine at Georgetown University, as well as the director of Thoracic Oncology and head of Developmental Therapeutics at the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in Washington, DC. In our exclusive interview, Dr Liu discussed the current standards and challenges for treating patients with ROS1-positive disease, the unique mechanism of action of zidesamtinib, and how positive findings from the phase 1/2 ARROS-1 trial (NCT05118789) may help position this agent in the ROS1-positive NSCLC treatment paradigm.

Dr Mian discussed why frailty should be understood as a dynamic, evolving clinical state rather than a fixed baseline characteristic

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Sikander Ailawadhi, MD, and Beth Faiman, PhD, MS, APN-BC, BMTCN, AOCN, FAAN, FAPO, about the potential clinical implications of the phase 3 IRAKLIA (NCT05405166) and phase 2 IZALCO (NCT05704049) studies, which investigated the use of isatuximab-irfc (Sarclisa) administered via an on-body delivery system in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Ailawadhi is a consultant in the Division of Hematology/Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine, a consultant in the Department of Cancer Biology, and a professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. Faiman is a nurse practitioner in the Multiple Myeloma Program at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. In our exclusive interview, Ailawadhi and Faiman discussed the rationale for efforts to bring isatuximab on-body injectors into the clinic, key patient-reported outcome findings from these studies, and how these findings may one day influence therapy administration across the broader multiple myeloma treatment paradigm.

Closing the Gap: Understanding Gender Disparities in Bladder Cancer Care, hosted by Martha K. Terris, MD, FACS, is a limited series spotlighting unique considerations for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment among women. Dr Terris is department chair and a professor in the Department of Urology, the Witherington Distinguished Chair in Urology, and co-director of the Cancer Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.  In part 1 of this 3-part series, Dr Terris discussed the prevalence of bladder cancer in women, as well as reasons for diagnostic disparities that contribute to poor treatment outcomes. She noted that this disease is often diagnosed at later stages in women than in men, often resulting in diagnoses of more advanced disease and translating to poorer outcomes. She added that although female patients represent a minority of those with urothelial carcinoma, retrospective data indicate that women tend to be diagnosed at later stages and consequently experience worse survival rates, regardless of the disease stage. Dr Terris identified several theories explaining why this diagnosis delay occurs. One possible reason is patient-related: women may be less likely than men to consult a physician when they notice blood in their urine because they may be conditioned to dismiss blood if they experience menstrual bleeding. However, physician behavior and bias also contribute to diagnostic disparities, Terris said. Women with suspected hematuria typically receive fewer imaging tests, she continued. Additionally, physicians may be biased, attributing hematuria to uterine bleeding, menstruation, or other benign causes.  Overall, Terris emphasized that early detection is key. If there is any suspicion of a malignancy, patients should be referred directly to a urologist, she stated. Urologists should be willing to work up cases that might ultimately be recurrent urinary tract infections or radiation cystitis to avoid undiagnosed cases of bladder cancer in women, she concluded.

At the 2025 ESMO Congress, leading oncologists reflected on data expected to redefine practice across breast, genitourinary, and gynecologic malignancies.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Neal Shore, MD, FACS, about the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer management. Dr Shore is medical director of the Carolina Urologic Research Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. In our exclusive interview, Dr Shore discussed guidelines for incorporating ADT into prostate cancer clinical practice, toxicities and quality-of-life complications associated with this class of agents that health care providers should be aware of and try to mitigate, and the importance of shared decision-making between members of the multidisciplinary team, as well as patients.

In this episode, Ziad Hanhan, MD, hosted a discussion about lung cancer diagnosis, surgical management, and evolving treatment paradigms. Dr Hanhan is a thoracic surgeon at Hackensack Meridian Health, chairman of Surgery at Bayshore Medical Center in Holmdel, New Jersey, and chief of Thoracic Surgery at Riverview Medical Center in Red Bank, New Jersey. He was joined by: Thomas Bauer, MD, the chair of surgery at Jersey Shore University Medical Center in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and Hackensack Meridian Health School of Medicine Rachel NeMoyer, MD, a thoracic surgeon at Hackensack Meridian Health Drs Hanhan, Bauer, and NeMoyer discussed current standards and future directions in thoracic oncology, emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation. The conversation opened with an overview of lung cancer epidemiology, and the experts noted that this disease remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women. They explained that approximately 90% of lung cancer cases are attributable to tobacco use, making cessation a key preventive measure. They also emphasized that early detection through low-dose CT screening improves outcomes when the disease is identified at an early stage. However, despite these advances, they stated that most lung cancer cases in the United States continue to be diagnosed at stage III or IV, underscoring the need for improved screening adherence. They expanded on current lung cancer screening guidelines and noted that lung cancer often presents with nonspecific symptoms, such as chronic cough or hemoptysis, and that many cases are discovered incidentally on imaging. The surgeons also discussed diagnostic strategies for pulmonary nodules and emphasized a patient-tailored approach that balances diagnostic yield with procedural risk. They also acknowledged that emerging modalities, such as liquid biopsy and breath-based DNA detection, are promising but still investigational. They underscored that frailty assessment remains integral to surgical candidacy determination, with both clinical evaluation and pulmonary function testing guiding decision-making. The team also highlighted the role of multidisciplinary tumor boards in integrating surgical, medical, and radiation oncology perspectives. For early-stage disease, surgery remains the standard, whereas patients with stage III disease typically receive neoadjuvant therapy incorporating immuno-oncology agents. The group also discussed expanding surgical indications in select stage IV cases, reflecting improved survival associated with immunotherapy.

Dr Mehta discussed practice-changing urothelial carcinoma data that have been presented throughout 2024 and 2025, the clinical utility of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab for select patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, and differing treatment approaches for patients with lymph node–only vs distant metastases.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Armeen Mahvash, MD, about the FDA approval of SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres for the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Dr Mahvash is a professor in the Department of Interventional Radiology in the Division of Diagnostic Imaging at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, as well as an assistant professor in the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at The University of Texas Medical School at Houston. In our exclusive interview, Dr Mahvash discussed the significance of this approval, key clinical findings that led to the approval, and how multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for implementing radioembolization in practice.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Vishal A. Patel, MD, FAAD, FACMS, about the FDA approval of adjuvant cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo) for the treatment of patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Dr Patel is an associate professor of dermatology at the GW School of Medicine & Health Sciences, as well as the director of the Cutaneous Oncology Program at the GW Cancer Center in Washington, DC. In our exclusive interview, Dr Patel discussed the clinical relevance of this approval, key details about the pivotal phase 3 C-POST trial (NCT03969004), and the safety profile of cemiplimab in patients with CSCC.

In this podcast, experts Tina Cascone, MD, PhD; Christina Baik, MD, MPH; and David Planchard, MD, PhD discuss data-driven treatment for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Eunice Wang, MD, about the secondary AML treatment paradigm. Dr Wang is a professor of oncology, leader of the Leukemia Clinical Disease Team, chief of leukemia in the Department of Medicine, and an assistant member of the Tumor Immunology Program in the Department of Immunology at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York; as well as an associate professor in the Department of Medicine and an academic scholar at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the State University of New York at Buffalo. In our exclusive interview, Dr Wang discussed the prevalence of secondary AML, and explained that this population lacks standard therapies, often relying on allogeneic stem cell transplantation. She noted that CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin, has generated improved outcomes compared with 7+3 chemotherapy in this population. She also highlighted future research, which includes targeted therapies and less intensive regimens.

Two Onc Docs, hosted by Samantha A. Armstrong, MD, and Karine Tawagi, MD, is a podcast dedicated to providing current and future oncologists and hematologists with the knowledge they need to ace their boards and deliver quality patient care. Dr Armstrong is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis. Dr Tawagi is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois in Chicago. In this episode, OncLive On Air® partnered with Two Onc Docs to feature a comprehensive review of the current management of metastatic breast cancer, emphasizing evidence-based treatment strategies across molecular subtypes, toxicity management, and patient-centered care. Drs Armstrong and Tawagi discussed that the primary goals of metastatic breast cancer therapy include prolonging survival, controlling symptoms, minimizing toxicity, improving quality of life, and incorporating patients' goals and preferences into care decisions. Their discussion also highlighted the importance of recognizing when transitioning to best supportive care is most appropriate. For estrogen receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer, they noted that first-line therapy includes an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant (Faslodex) combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, with ovarian function suppression for premenopausal patients. PARP inhibitors are recommended for patients with BRCA1/2-positive disease. In visceral crisis, chemotherapy remains the category 1 recommendation. Second-line treatment options include therapies guided by repeat molecular testing. fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (T-DXd; Enhertu) is approved for patients with HER2-low disease. For HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, first-line treatment consists of a taxane plus pertuzumab (Perjeta) and trastuzumab (Herceptin), followed by T-DXd in the second-line setting. For triple-negative metastatic breast cancer, therapy depends on PD-L1 status. The episode concluded by underscoring the role of bone-protective agents such as zoledronic acid, pamidronate, or denosumab (with dental clearance to prevent osteonecrosis). Key takeaways emphasize tailoring therapy to molecular subtype, recognizing drug-specific toxicities, and prioritizing patient-centered decision-making in the management of metastatic breast cancer.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with J. Thaddeus Beck, MD, FACP, about the FDA approval of pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (subcutaneous pembrolizumab; Keytruda Qlex) for subcutaneous injection in adult and pediatric patients at least 12 years of age with solid tumors for which the intravenous formulation of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is indicated.

Cancer, Character, and Calling: The Oncologist's Journey, hosted by Girindra Raval, MD, is a podcast highlighting how top oncologists have navigated the field over the course of their careers, the passion that drove them to enter the oncology space, and the ongoing work that will continue to transform cancer care. Each episode, Raval will sit down with a top oncologist to dive into their background, highlight their career achievements, discuss key issues still being addressed in their field, and explore their interests outside of the clinic and lab. In this episode, Raval welcomed Anand Jillella, MD, who is the J. Harold Harrison, MD Distinguished University Chair in Medicine, a professor of medicine & pediatrics, and chief of the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Augusta University Medical College of Georgia. He is also associte director of Clinical Affairs and director of the Georgia Cancer Center Clinic, Ambulatory Services, and Network and Outreach. Their conversation focused on discussed Jillella's career journey, starting from his oncology internship in 1989 to establishing a bone marrow transplant program. Jillella noted the initial successes of the program that led to its exponential growth over the years. He also emphasized the importance of community outreach and collaboration with referring practices, explaining the early work that he and colleagues did to maintain working relationships with other practices and get the program on the map. Furthermore, Jillella highlighted the historical development of the treatment algorithm for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, emphasizing that proper physician training and research significantly reduced mortality rates in this disease over the years. Raval and Jillella concluded by addressed the evolving landscape of oncology, the growing effects of AI tools on medical practice patterns, and the need for academic institutions to stay on the cutting edge of new treatments and technologies to advance the field and ultimately improve patient care.

In today's episode, leading experts across oncology specialties previewed the key studies and data they are most anticipating ahead of the 2025 ESMO Congress. Dana M. Chase, MD, a professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at UCLA, discussed her excitement to see findings from a phase 1 trial (NCT05403554) investigating NI-1801 in patients with heavily pretreated, mesothelin-expressing platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Premal H. Thaker, MD, MS, the David G. and Lynn Mutch Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and director of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Research at Siteman Cancer Center in Saint Louis, Missouri, discussed the anticipation for findings from a multi-omic analysis of the phase 3 AtTEnd/ENGOT-EN7 trial (NCT03603184) of atezolizumab in patients with endometrial cancer and data demonstrating that the WES-derived Aneuploidy Score may identify patients with mismatch repair–deficient endometrial cancer who derive reduced benefit from immunotherapy. Zev Wainberg, MD, the Estelle, Abe, and Marjorie Sanders Chair in Cancer Research at UCLA, shared his anticipation for new data in gastrointestinal oncology, particularly the overall survival results from the phase 3 MATTERHORN trial (NCT04592913) of durvalumab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel in patients with resectable gastric and gastroesophageal cancer, which are expected to provide pivotal updates following previously reported event-free survival outcomes. Sagus Sampath, MD, an associate clinical professor and medical director of the Department of Radiation Oncology at City of Hope in Duarte, California, highlighted the phase 2 NorthStar trial (NCT03410043) evaluating osimertinib (Tagrisso) with or without local consolidative therapy in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Joseph Jacob, MD, MCR, about the FDA approval of the gemcitabine intravesical system (formerly TAR-200; Inlexzo)​ for the treatment of patients with BCG-unresponsive non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Dr Jacob is an associate professor of urology and the director of Urologic Oncology in the Department of Urology at State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse. In our exclusive interview, Dr Jacob discussed the significance of this approval, key efficacy findings from the pivotal phase 2b SunRISe-1 trial (NCT04640623), and the TAR-200 administration procedure, which he describes as straightforward for practitioners and convenient for patients.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Lyudmila Bazhenova, MD, about the FDA approval of sunvozertinib (Zegfrovy) for patients with EGFR-mutated metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Bazhenova is a clinical professor of medicine at the University of California San Diego (UCSD); as well as a medical oncologist at the UCSD Moores Cancer Center. In our exclusive interview, Dr Bazhenova discussed the significance of this approval, key efficacy and safety data from the pivotal the phase 1/2 WU-KONG1B trial (NCT03974022), and how the use of sunvozertinib in the NSCLC treatment paradigm may propel future possibilities for the use of EGFR-directed agents in this disease.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Kanwal P. S. Raghav, MBBS, MD, about the role of fruquintinib (Fruzaqla) in the treatment of adult patients with pretreated, metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Dr Raghav is a professor in the Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology in the Division of Cancer Medicine, associate vice president of the Department of Ambulatory Medical Operations, and executive medical director of the Department of Ambulatory Treatment Centers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. In our exclusive interview, Dr Raghav discussed the mechanism of action of fruquintinib, key efficacy data from the phase 3 FRESCO (NCT02314819) and FRESCO-2 (NCT04322539) trials, the treatment settings where this agent is most frequently administered, and adverse effects to be aware of. He also noted how the role of fruquintinib in earlier lines of therapy has yet to be defined due to a lack of optimal predictive biomarkers. Dr Raghav concluded by emphasizing the importance of clinical trials for improving outcomes for patient with CRC.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Anne Chiang, MD, PhD, and Stephen Liu, MD, about the FDA approval of lurbinectedin (Zepzelca) plus atezolizumab (Tecentriq) or atezolizumab and hyaluronidase-tqjs (Tecentriq Hybreza) as maintenance treatment for adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose disease has not progressed after frontline induction therapy with atezolizumab or atezolizumab and hyaluronidase, carboplatin, and etoposide. Chiang is an associate professor of medicine in the Section of Medical Oncology and the associate cancer center director of Clinical Initiatives at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Dr Liu is an associate professor of medicine at Georgetown University, as well as the director of Thoracic Oncology and head of Developmental Therapeutics at the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in Washington, DC. In our exclusive interview, Drs Chiang and Liu discussed the significance of this approval, key efficacy and safety data from the pivotal phase 3 IMforte trial (NCT05091567), and how the addition of this regimen in the ES-SCLC treatment paradigm may affect clinical practice.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Stephen Liu, MD, about the use of tepotinib (Tepmetko) in patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations. Dr Liu is an associate professor of medicine at Georgetown University, as well as the director of Thoracic Oncology and head of Developmental Therapeutics at the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in Washington, DC. In our exclusive interview, Dr Liu discussed key efficacy and safety findings from the phase 2 VISION trial (NCT02864992) that led to the FDA approval of tepotinib for this indication; the comparable response rates seen between tissue and liquid biopsy results, as well as across NSCLC treatment lines; and the importance of early biomarker testing, including RNA sequencing, to identify actionable mutations and optimize treatment.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Andrew Kuykendall, MD, who gave an overview of the myelofibrosis treatment paradigm. Dr Kuykendall is an assistant member in the Department of Malignant Hematology at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida.   In our exclusive interview, Dr Kuykendall discussed the prevalence of patients with myelofibrosis who have mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL; the crucial roles of the JAK1, JAK2, and IRAK1 pathways in disease progression; the importance of considering JAK inhibition in eligible patients; and the challenges associated with managing cytopenic myelofibrosis.

In our exclusive interview, Dr Shitara discussed preliminary efficacy data with CAR T-cell therapy in gastrointestinal cancers; highlighted challenges related to durability of response, patient selection, and manufacturing logistics with these therapies; and outlined ongoing biomarker analyses exploring tumor microenvironment factors influencing resistance.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Asad Dean, MD, about treatment selection for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the second-line setting. Dr Dean is a physician at the Texas Oncology-Fort Worth Cancer Center. In our exclusive interview, Dr Dean discussed the roles of covalent BTK inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors in the management of CLL. He highlighted the importance of molecular profiling for treatment rechallenge decisions and the potential for resistance mutations in this disease. He also noted the role of pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca) in overcoming treatment resistance, along with clinical signs indicating that patients may need a therapy change. Dr Dean also mentioned the high response rates seen with CAR T-cell therapy in patients with CLL and explained the possibility for combination regimens in CLL. Additionally, he expressed optimism about BTK degraders and bispecific antibodies.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Alexander Drilon, MD, about the phase 1/2 ARROS-1 trial (NCT05118789) investigating zidesamtinib (NVL-520) in TKI-pretreated patients with advanced ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Drilon is chief of the Early Drug Development Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, New York. In our exclusive interview, Dr Drilon discussed the efficacy data and implications of the ARROS-1 trial, highlighted the unique mechanism of action of zidesamtinib, noted the high central nervous system (CNS) response rates and favorable safety profile associated with the agent, and emphasized the potential for zidesamtinib to become a standard first-line therapy in the NSCLC treatment paradigm, especially for patients with prior TKI resistance or CNS disease.

In our exclusive interview, Dr Chase discussed the management of recurrent endometrial cancer, emphasizing the importance of biomarker profiles and previous therapies. For first recurrences, she explained that carboplatin and paclitaxel with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) or dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli) is recommended for patients with mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) disease, whereas those with MMR-proficient (pMMR) disease may benefit from carboplatin, paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab (Keytruda) or lenvatinib (Lenvima). She also highlighted findings from the phase 3 RUBY trial (NCT03981796) that supported the FDA approval of dostarlimab, showing significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival in both dMMR and pMMR patients. Chase also noted the rising incidence of endometrial cancer, its deadly nature, and the importance of clinical trials for advancing treatment options. 

In this podcast, experts Aditya Bardia, MD, MPH, FASCO, Erika P. Hamilton, MD, and Virginia Kaklamani, MD, DSc, discuss frequently asked questions regarding the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In this podcast, experts Virginia Kaklamani, MD, DSc, and Tiffany A. Traina, MD, FASCO, discuss the rationale for and data to support combining TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Evelyn Y. Wong, MD, about the growing challenge of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) and the insights from a recent cohort analysis conducted in Singapore. Dr Wong is a consultant medical oncologist specializing in gastrointestinal cancers at the National Cancer Centre Singapore. In our exclusive interview, Wong discussed the rationale for investigating early-onset CRC, emphasizing the rising incidence worldwide and the need to better understand whether unique molecular or survival patterns distinguish these patients from those with late-onset disease. She reviewed data from approximately 2500 patients in a consented Singaporean cohort, highlighting that molecular characteristics were largely consistent across age groups, but survival outcomes appeared more favorable in younger patients, potentially due to their ability to tolerate more intensive therapies. Additionally, Wong underscored the importance of multicenter and international collaborations to strengthen these findings and advance prospective studies that can more precisely connect molecular features with environmental exposures and epidemiologic drivers. She also emphasized the role of increasing awareness among clinicians, researchers, pharmaceutical partners, and patient advocates to ensure that the unique needs of younger patients with CRC are addressed within the broader oncology community.

In this podcast, experts Aditya Bardia, MD, MPH, FASCO; Erika P. Hamilton, MD; and Tiffany A. Traina, MD, FASCO; discuss navigating between currently available therapies for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). They also discuss the potential ramifications of ongoing clinical trials on future treatment paradigms.

In this podcast, experts Filipa Lynce, MD, and Rita Nanda, MD, discuss recent clinical trial and real-world data for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In this podcast, experts Aditya Bardia, MD, MPH, FASCO; and Erika P. Hamilton, MD, discuss recent efficacy and safety data of TROP2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) plus immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In this podcast, experts Filipa Lynce, MD, and Rita Nanda, MD, discuss unmet needs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the rationale for using TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in this disease.

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with John N. Allan, MD, and Melissa Rubianes about factors that influence treatment decision-making in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Allan is an associate professor of clinical medicine and a member of the lymphoma faculty in the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, as well as a member of the CLL Research Center at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, New York. Rubianes is a hematology/oncology physician assistant (PA) at Weill Cornell.  In our exclusive interview, Allan and Rubianes discussed best practices for oncologists and PAs when it comes to collaborating with each other to make treatment decisions for patients with CLL, disease factors and patient characteristics that affect their treatment sequencing decisions, ongoing studies and emerging therapies for CLL that they're excited to see, and more. 

In today's episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Balazs Halmos, MD, MS, about the phase 2 VISION trial (NCT02864992) evaluating tepotinib (Tepmetko) in patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Halmos is a professor in the Department of Oncology (Medical Oncology) and the Department of Medicine (Oncology and Hematology), director of Thoracic Oncology, and associate director of Clinical Science at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bronx, New York. In our exclusive interview, Halmos discussed the rationale and design of the VISION trial, the significance of MET exon 14 skipping mutations as a distinct oncogenic driver, and the clinical utility of tepotinib, which is a selective MET TKI. He reviewed the trial's efficacy results, which demonstrated consistent response rates across lines of therapy and diagnostic methods, as well as tolerability findings that highlighted the importance of monitoring and managing MET-related adverse effects. Dr Halmos also reflected on subgroup analyses from the trial, noting the agent's activity across treatment settings, particularly in older patients and those with central nervous system involvement. Additionally, Halmos underscored the critical role of comprehensive biomarker testing in NSCLC, highlighting how parallel tissue- and circulating tumor DNA–based testing can optimize timely identification of actionable alterations and ensure patients receive the most effective frontline therapy. He also discussed practical considerations for dose selection and modifications with tepotinib, offering insights into strategies for maximizing treatment benefit and maintaining patient quality of life.

Two Onc Docs, hosted by Samantha A. Armstrong, MD, and Karine Tawagi, MD, is a podcast dedicated to providing current and future oncologists and hematologists with the knowledge they need to ace their boards and deliver quality patient care. Dr Armstrong is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis. Dr Tawagi is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois in Chicago. In this episode, OncLive On Air® partnered with Two Onc Docs to feature a conversation about soft tissue sarcoma management. Drs Armstrong and Tawagi discussed that soft tissue sarcomas represent a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from mesenchymal cells rather than epithelial cells and encompass several distinct histologic subtypes. They explained that although uncommon, these sarcomas are frequently emphasized in board examinations, partly because their management has historically been stable, though recent FDA approvals and ongoing research have expanded therapeutic options. They noted that risk factors may include prior radiation exposure, environmental agents, and viral infections. Additionally, they shared that chronic lymphedema is associated with angiosarcoma, whereas rare hereditary syndromes may predispose individuals to specific sarcoma subtypes.  Clinically, they explained that sarcomas may arise anywhere in the body, though many occur in the thigh, buttocks, or groin, typically presenting as painless, enlarging masses often mistaken for benign lesions. They emphasized that diagnosis requires core needle biopsy to preserve tissue architecture and that staging relies on MRI of the primary site and CT of the chest, given the strong predilection for pulmonary metastases. They also summarized the five subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma—synovial, clear cell, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and epithelioid. They reported that the cornerstone of localized disease management is surgical resection, preferably limb-sparing when feasible, combined with radiation for larger or high-risk tumors. They also highlighted novel strategies like immunotherapy. For metastatic disease, they stated that surgical resection of pulmonary metastases can achieve durable remissions in select patients. 

In today's episode, we passed the mic to Tara E. Seery, MD, who moderated an OncLive Insights discussion on the future of the pancreatic cancer treatment paradigm. Rounding out the discussion with additional expert perspectives were Paul E. Oberstein, MD, and Priyadarshini Pathak, MBBS. Seery is a medical oncologist at the Hoag Family Cancer Institute in Newport Beach, California. Oberstein is an associate professor in the Department of Medicine at the New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine; as well as the director of the Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Program, the assistant director of the Pancreatic Cancer Center, and the service chief of the Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Program at NYU Langone's Perlmutter Cancer Center. Pathak is an assistant in medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor in medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston.  In this exclusive conversation, Drs Seery, Oberstein, and Pathak highlighted key data from the phase 3 NAPOLI 3 trial (NCT04083235) of NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) vs nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) and gemcitabine in treatment-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; the toxicity profiles of NALIRIFOX and FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, 5-FU, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin); real-world data with these regimens, and more. 

In today's episode, we spoke with Scott Kopetz, MD, PhD, FACP, about the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Dr Kopetz is the deputy chair for Translational Research and a professor in the Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology in the Division of Cancer Medicine, as well as the leader of the Department of Cancer Center Support Grant in the GI Program, the TRACTION medical director in the Division of Therapeutics Discovery, and the associate vice president for Translational Integration at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. In our conversation, Dr Kopetz discussed the high positive predictive value of ctDNA assays, which indicate disease presence when positive. He emphasized  clinical trials that have shown strong prognostic implications with this type of assay, as well as study findings that demonstrated that ctDNA results could reduce chemotherapy use without compromising efficacy. Additionally, he noted the potential significance of ongoing trials that are exploring the use of ctDNA to guide therapy. Overall, he explained that ctDNA testing is becoming a standard in clinical practice for colorectal cancer. 

In today's episode, supported by Sumitomo, we spoke with Tanya B. Dorff, MD, about the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer. Dr Dorff is section chief of the Genitourinary Disease Program, as well as a professor in the Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research at City of Hope in Duarte, California. In our conversation, Dr Dorff discussed the role of ADT in prostate cancer management, highlighting where this class of agents fits into National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and how this class has evolved with the development of LHRH antagonists and agonists. She explained how the observational OPTYX study (NCT05467176), a registry of relugolix (Orgovyx) use, aims to address safety and efficacy in combination with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors in patients with advanced prostate cancer. She also noted how early data from OPTYX presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting showed relugolix's use in localized and metastatic settings. Dorff also talked through relugolix's safety profile, particularly regarding cardiovascular risk, as well as the quality-of-life effects associated with ADT. She also addressed strategies to mitigate financial toxicity, along with the potential for future ADT-sparing treatments.

In today's episode, supported by Chimerix, we spoke with Patrick Y. Wen, MD, about the FDA approval of dordaviprone (Modeyso) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients at least 1 year of age with H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline glioma who have progressive disease following prior therapy. Dr Wen is the director of the Center for Neuro-Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; as well as a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. In our conversation, Dr Wen discussed the significance of this accelerated approval across patient age groups, key efficacy and safety data that supported this approval, and the importance of biomarker testing in patients with glioma. He also highlighted potential next steps for expanding the investigation of dordaviprone in patients with glioma and emphasized the ways that multidisciplinary collaboration can provide patients with personalized, optimized care. 

In today's episode, supported by Nuvation Bio, we spoke with Joel Neal, MD, PhD, and Christian Rolfo, MD, PhD, about the FDA approval of taletrectinib (Ibtrozi) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Neal is a professor of medicine in the Division of Oncology at the Stanford Cancer Institute at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Dr Rolfo is the director of the Division of Medical Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James and a professor in the College of Medicine at The Ohio State University in Columbus. In our conversation, Drs Neal and Rolfo discussed the significance of this approval, key data from the pivotal phase 2 TRUST-I (NCT04395677) and TRUST-II (NCT04919811) trials, and taletrectinib's current role in the NSCLC treatment paradigm.

In today's episode, supported by Boehringer Ingelheim, we spoke with Ticiana Leal, MD, and Misako Nagasaka, MD, PhD, about the FDA approval of zongertinib (Hernexeos) for previously treated patients with HER2 TKD–mutant advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dr Leal is an associate professor and director of the Thoracic Medical Oncology Program in the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia; as well as medical director of the Clinical Trials Office and leader of the Lung Cancer Disease Team at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University. Dr Nagasaka is an associate professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine; as well as a medical oncologist at UCI Health. In our conversation, Drs Leal and Nagasaka discussed the significance of this approval, key efficacy and safety findings from the pivotal phase 1 Beamion LUNG-1 trial (NCT04886804), and where zongertinib currently fits into the NSCLC treatment paradigm.