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What if the reason you’re not healing isn’t that you need another diagnosis? 0:08 It’s that your cells aren’t receiving the right signals. Because the body doesn’t run on diagnosis, it runs on 0:16 communication. And peptides are one of the most powerful, most misunderstood 0:21 tools we have for cellular signaling, immune balance, tissue repair, gut 0:27 lining support, metabolic control, brain signaling, sleep cycles, and even sexual 0:35 wellness. Today, I’m going to do what most people won’t. Define peptides in 0:41 plain English for you. break them into categories by what they’re best at and 0:47 tell you which ones are FDA approved on the list and which ones are commonly 0:53 used off label or investigational with the evidence that actually says these 1:00 work. This is going to be a powerful episode and if you’ve ever felt like you’re hearing hype without clarity, 1:07 this one’s for you. So, as usual, grab your cup of coffee or tea and settle in 1:13 as we talk about peptides that can fit into your healing journey. We’re going 1:19 to have a short word from our sponsor. You know, we got to do that. That’s how we stay on the air here. So, we will be 1:26 right back after this. Did you know sweating can literally heal your cells? 1:32I nfrared saunas don’t just relax you. They detox your body, balance hormones, 1:37 and boost mitochondrial energy. I’m obsessed with my health tech sauna. And 1:42 right now, you can save $500 with my code at healthtechalth.com/drmuthqen25. 1:54 All right, here we go, guys. I am excited to dive into peptides with you. 2:00 So understanding peptides is foundational, right? And I’ve been 2:06 studying peptides now for about nine years. Um, and I find that they are 2:13 incredible. Um, so I want to break down for you what peptides actually are, what 2:19 they do, and some of the top peptides that are available today, and how they 2:25 can be utilized. Because I think it’s really important. And I think it’s it’s there’s a lot of confusion out there about what these things actually are and 2:32 are they safe? Are they not? When do we use them? What’s the science behind them? So, we’re going to dive in and 2:38 we’re going to talk about all things peptides. So, let’s get ready here. Here we go. So, peptides are short chains of 2:45 amino acids and they typically range anywhere from 2 to 50 amino acids and 2:51 they’re linked by peptide bonds. So think of them as the superglue that holds the amino acids together. They sit 2:58 between the amino acids and they are full proteins in terms of their size and 3:04 their complex structure. And what makes peptides particularly interesting in 3:10 medicine is their role as signaling molecules. They’re essentially the 3:15 body’s text messages carrying specific instructions to cells and tissues. And 3:21 unlike our proteins which often serve as structural roles or act as enzymes, 3:28 peptides typically function as hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors and 3:33 they bind to specific receptors on the cell’s surfaces or within the cells and 3:39 they trigger this effect. It’s like a cascade effect of a biochemical reaction 3:45 that ultimately changes the cellular behavior. So basically, it’s changing 3:50 the way the body’s cell structure acts. And this is why peptides can be so 3:56 incredibly powerful and therapeutic when you introduce the right peptide signal. 4:02 Now, you could theoretically redirect cellular processes toward healing, 4:07 towards metabolism, immune balance, tissue repair. Any of those things can 4:14 be manipulated to do a certain thing once we add the peptide. The challenge 4:19 in peptide medicine though lies in distinguishing between those peptides that have been rigorously studied, 4:26 proven safe and effective and approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA versus 4:31 those that exist in what we call the gray zone of a promising clinical data. 4:36 But they really lack human validation so far. And this distinction is critical because the presence of a plausible 4:43 mechanism does not guarantee safety or efficacy in living humans. So, this is 4:50 really important and we’re going to dive in and look at some of the research on all of these different peptides that are 4:56 available and I’m excited to say there’s some amazing peptides being studied right now that unfortunately are not 5:01 available. But I can’t wait to see them hit the market for us because it is going to be a gamecher as far as health 5:09 and longevity. So there is a quality control issue and there is a hidden 5:14 variable in peptide medicine with this and it’s one of the most underappreciated aspects of peptide 5:21 therapy particularly for non-FDA approved peptides. It’s quality control. 5:26 When we discuss pharmaceutical medicines, we take for granted that the pill contains what the label says. Not 5:32 always true depending on where it comes from. You guys, if you’ve heard my episodes before talk about how many of our medications are made in China and 5:41 have been contaminated with other things, you will realize that that is not always true. So, just because it has 5:48 the FDA stamp of approval on the medication, it still does not necessarily mean it’s safe and we still 5:54 need to do our homework on it. So, sorry for digressing on you guys, but you know, when we get a medication, we we 6:00 think that what the amount says is what is there, doesn’t have contaminants, it’s manufactured with good 6:06 manufacturing practices. You’ll see that listed as GMP on the bottle, and it’s been stored properly, it’s been 6:12 maintained stable, and with research peptides and compounded formulations, 6:17 none of this can be assumed. So, I will share a story with you. There was a gentleman that was purchasing these 6:24 peptides online from a research facility and um did not know that they were 6:30 coming from China and he was ordering a particular growth hormone peptide and 6:35 after a little while he had he had done fine for the few first few bottles. After a little while he started having 6:42 some complications. He started getting really irritable and angry and ragy and 6:47 he didn’t quite know what was going on. And so he decided to go get some testing done. He had some blood testing done and 6:53 his testosterone level was over 5,000. So for those of you who know what testosterone level should be for a guy, 7:00 they really shouldn’t be any higher than about 1,00200 would be absolute max that we’d want to see. Now he was taking 7:06 testosterone but not to that degree. And prior to adding this peptide, his 7:12 testosterone was very stable. What they ended up finding out was the peptide that he was getting, whoever was 7:18 manufacturing it added testosterone to the peptide. They felt like if if it had growth hormone, that was great, but if 7:25 it had growth hormone and tes testosterone, all the better. And he didn’t know that. And this is the 7:31 problem that we can have with peptides if you don’t source them properly. if you’re not working with somebody that 7:37 knows how to source them and can prove that they are what they say they are. Um, I’m sure there’s a whole bunch of 7:42 studies out there too of people getting these peptides and paying hundreds of thousands of dollars for them over their 7:48 lifetime and finding out they were nothing more than just sterile water. So, you really do need to be careful 7:53 with your quality control. Now, this kind of leads us right into the next topic that we’re going to talk about and that’s the manufacturing question, 8:00 right? The FDA approved peptides are manufactured in facilities subject to 8:05 the FDA inspection rules following our GMP regulations and these facilities 8:11 must validate their manufacturing process, demonstrate consistency batch to batch, test for purity and potency. 8:18 They need to test for bacterial endotoxins and sterility and they need to maintain detailed records. So, when a 8:25 pharmaceutical company submits a drug application, the FDA inspects the manufacturing facility as part of the 8:32 approval process. If you’re getting peptides from a different country, none of that is happening. And there are some 8:38 ways for us to determine if that is what you’re getting. Typically, the rule of thumb is if your peptides are coming 8:44 with a different colored top, every one of them has a different colored top. Those are typically being sourced out of 8:49 China. I wouldn’t say that’s 100% but that’s kind of the rule of thumb that people follow. So compoundingies these 8:56 are thearmacies that make our bio identical hormones. They can make medications in any dose or strength or 9:02 route. There are thousands of them in every not that not in every state but 9:08 there are thousands of them around the country right now. So these compoundingies are registered as 503A 9:15 facilities. They do traditional compounding for individual prescriptions, right? Like they can make 9:20 thyroid, they can make LDN, they can make estrogen. You can also have a 503b 9:27 facility, which is an outsourcing facility. And these companies produce larger batches of products. They’re they 9:34 have some oversight, but they’re less stringent than for FDA approved 9:40 manufacturers. And state boards of pharmacy regulate a 503A pharmacy. And 9:45 the FDA can inspect the 503b facility, but doesn’t preapprove any of their 9:52 compounding products. So, they can inspect it, but they don’t approve them. So, research chemicals and these 9:58 suppliers operate essentially with no oversight. They explicitly market products for research use only, not for 10:06 human consumption to avoid FDA regulation. If they put that on their 10:12 product, they don’t have to comply to what the FDA is saying. And there is no required manufacturing strategies or 10:19 standards, no required testing, no required sterility assurance, and no enforcement mechanisms if products are 10:26 mislabeled or contaminated. So basically, they don’t have the liability, but that doesn’t mean that 10:31 all of them are badies or bad suppliers. It just means they don’t have to comply 10:37 to the FDA rules. Now, there are many of these companies that I’ve seen and I’ve talked to that do do a lot of this. They 10:44 do test their product for sterility. They do test their product to make sure it is what it says it is. They don’t 10:51 have to, but they do. So, if you’re going to decide to use a company that 10:56 has research only, not for human consumption, at least ask for their 11:02 proof of testing so that you know that the product you’re getting is what it says it is and that it’s clean. Because 11:08 this is where we run into the problem is in purity. So in purity peptide 11:13 synthesis can produce not just the targeted peptide but also related 11:19 peptides with deletions, substitutions, truncations or truncations of amino 11:25 acids. Sorry. And this high performance liquid we call it uh chromatography can 11:30 separate these related impurities and quality and quantify the actual target 11:35 of the peptide content. So a certificate of analysis is what you want to ask these companies for. This shows the HPLC 11:44 the testing mechanism with greater than 95% or ideally 98% purity which 11:51 indicates a higher quality product. So this certificate of analysis can be fabricated may not represent the 11:57 specific batch being sold. It happens. We need to know not everybody is honest. Not everybody, you know, does what they 12:03 say and it does what’s right. But at least you at least they’re giving you something and you have some security. 12:10 and then choose a company that was referred to by someone else that has done some homework as well. In in 12:16 commercial research, there’s independent testing and they research peptides and this has been really shocking 12:23 variability that they’ve seen. Some products contain 50% or less of the 12:29 claimed peptide and some contained primarily degradation of the product or manufacturing impurities and some 12:36 contained bacterial endotoxins at levels that could cause fever and systemic 12:42 inflammation if it was truly injected. And I would also worry with some of those problems, you know, depending on 12:48 what impurity or bacterial endotoxin was there. If you’re using a product to boost your immune system and your immune 12:54 system is already compromised, these bacterial endotoxins can actually make you sicker instead of what you want it 13:02 to do, which is making you better. So, sterility is always an issue with anything that is manufactured, 13:08 especially things that we’re doing as an injection. Peptides are intended for injection. They must be sterile. They 13:16 must be kept safe. And pharmaceutical manufacturers conduct this sterility testing on every batch. 13:22 Compoundingarmacies should conduct sterility testing particularly for high-risisk compounded 13:28 sterile preparations and research chemical suppliers may or may not conduct any testing. So injecting 13:35 non-sterile material can cause local infections, abscesses at the injection 13:41 site and or if the bacteria enters the bloodstream could potentially be 13:46 life-threatening and you could have sepsis. Now, excuse me. We saw this 13:52 happen in a compounding pharmacy uh gosh, it’s probably been 10 years ago 13:57 now, I think. um they unfortunately had a strep uh contamination in their 14:03 product and they weren’t testing it. It was a large compounding pharmacy out of Florida and they were making products 14:08 that were being injected into the joints and um these people got very very sick 14:14 and some of them died and um some of them got very very injured by this uh 14:21 complication that happened. So it’s not like this doesn’t happen. It does, but it doesn’t happen often. And that’s what 14:28 we have to know about. And so, when we’re talking with you guys about storage and stability, it’s really 14:34 important to make sure you maintain your peptides well. So, many peptides are unstable at room temperature. They 14:41 require refrigeration or freezing. We tell everyone to make sure you’re refrigerating your peptides. That way, 14:48 there’s no question about it. when it stays cold um it prevents or slows down 14:54 the process of uh bacteria growing in it. So some of these peptides actually 14:59 degrade very rapidly in the solution and they must be reconstituted immediately before use and reconstitution of the 15:07 peptides really has limited stability often just days to weeks not months. So 15:13 improper storage, temperature, um changes during shipping or prolonged 15:19 storage of a reconstituted product can lead to degradation into inactivity or 15:25 potentially even a harmful breakdown of the product itself. So if you have a product that’s been sitting in your 15:30 refrigerator for a month or two months or 3 months or 6 months, just throw it away. It’s not going to be any good. 15:37 you’re not going to actually get the peptide and the uh potency that you’re looking for anyway out of it and the 15:44 potential of you introducing an endotoxin, a bacterial endotoxin is quite high at that point. So you just 15:50 really don’t want to take the risk, excuse me. So what practitioners, what 15:56 should we do and what should patients do? Well, for any peptide therapy, we 16:03 want to source our verification. know where the peptide product comes from. Is 16:08 it an FDA approved product? Is it a 503b compounding? A research chemical 16:14 supplier? Is there a certificate of analysis? Request and review this COA. 16:20 And you want it to show purity greater than 95% but ideally greater than 98%. 16:27 You want that identity be identity to be confirmed by mass spectromedy. Uh 16:33 sterility testing should be done. Bacterial endotoxin testing should be done. Batch number matching of the 16:39 product that you received should be done. Proper storage. You want to know that this has been refrigerated or 16:46 frozen as directed once it’s been mixed. Look at the expiration dates for reconstituting your peptides. Track that 16:53 reconstitution date and discarded accordingly like we just talked about. Monitor for your adverse effects. Even 17:01 with the perfect quality control, monitoring for adverse effects is essential with questionable quality and 17:08 vigilance is really critical here. I know it’s frustrating for a lot of patients when they have to get several 17:15 bottles and they only last a week or two. right here, you guys. This is why 17:21 they only last a short period of time because once they’re mixed, they start 17:26 to degrade and they won’t be good and you won’t get the benefit from it. So, 17:31 it’s really important with these research peptides specifically, practitioners should recognize that all 17:38 recommending products without quality assurance violates the fundamental medical principle of first do no harm. 17:45 If a patient is determined to use research peptides despite counseling, providing guidance on quality 17:52 verification, requesting those COAs, using pharmaceutical grade sources when available, proper testing, this all 17:59 reduces harm, but doesn’t constitute necessarily that recommendation. Now, 18:06 that being said, today it’s very difficult to find peptides by the compoundingies because of what the FDA 18:13 has done. So most of the peptides that are available to us have been labeled 18:18 not for human consumption, not because they’re not good products, but because 18:25 of what the FDA did. And this is how these companies have been able to 18:31 continue to provide peptides to the medical community. And if you know you 18:36 have a good company, then you’re, you know, you’re still taking the risk, right? But at the end of the day, the 18:42 reason they’re doing that is to protect themselves from the FDA, from liability. Um, so just kind of know that there is 18:50 some talk in the community with um Bobby Kennedy that this is going to change and 18:55 they are going to bring peptides back to the compounding pharmacies. Now, we don’t know which ones they’re going to 19:01 bring back. Uh, will it be all of them? Will it just be some of them? What’s going to happen here? Um, is it going to 19:07 go to the pharmaceutical companies like our GLP1s did? We don’t know what that’s going to look like quite yet. Um, but it 19:14 is coming and that is positive news. So, let’s talk now about FDA approved 19:21 peptide medications. So, this is the metabolic revolution, right? GLP1 19:28 and our dual increeting agonists. This is an exciting time. GLP-1s are amazing. 19:35 Um, a lot of people are skeptical, a lot of people love them, a lot of people hate them. Whichever side of the fence 19:42 that you’re on, I understand. But I want to talk about the science of it today 19:48 and what it actually means for people. So, the story of GLP1 glucagon like 19:54 peptide one represents one of the most significant advances in metabolic 19:59 medicine in the past several decades. GLP-1 is an accretin hormone. It’s 20:05 gutder derived peptide that potentiates insulin secretion in response to food 20:11 intake. And the body naturally produces GLP-1 in the intestinal L cells, but it 20:17 rapidly degraded by the enzyme DPP4 giving it a halflife of only about 2 20:24 minutes. So this rapid breakdown made in therapeutically impractical until 20:31 research was developed and modified the analoges that resist the enzyme degradation. So for those people who 20:39 never feel full when they’re eating, never feel satisfied when they’re done, this is because their body is either not 20:46 producing enough GLP1 or it’s not getting the signal right. And this is a 20:51 leptin issue. This is an insulin issue. It’s a GLP-1 issue. It’s a complicated 20:56 issue. This is not anything that the person is doing wrong. It’s what is happening to their body. And so GLP1s 21:03 have really revolutionized this. So one particular GLP-1 that we have is 21:09 semiglutide. And this GLP-1 agonist is what changed everything in the world of 21:16 metabolic medicine. Semiglutide is marketed as ompic for type 2 diabetes 21:23 and it’s marketed as WGOI for chronic weight management. It is a modified 21:29 GLP-1 analog with 95 or sorry 94% amino acid sequence uh homology to human 21:37 GLP-1. So it means that it’s it’s just like our own GLP-1 that we make. This 21:42 modification includes specific amino acid substitutions and the addition of C18 21:50 a fatty acid chain which allows the peptide to bind to albumin. Now this 21:56 albumin binding dramatically extends the half-life to approximately one week 22:01 enabling one weekly dosing which is a major advantage over the earlier GLP-1 22:07 agonists that require daily or twice daily injections. The mechanism by which 22:13 semiglutide works is multiaceted. At the pancreatin level, it binds to GLP-1 22:20 receptors on the pancreatic beta cells enhancing glucose depending sorry 22:27 enhancing glucose dependent insulin secretion. This glucose dependency is 22:33 crucial. It means the peptide only stimulates insulin release when blood glucose is elevated. This dramatically 22:41 reduces the hypoglycemic risk compared to insulin or even uh sulfuras. 22:47 Simultaneously semiglutide suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha 22:53 cells further improving glycemic control. This is really amazing because 23:00 over the years when we’ve used insulin, which is also a peptide by the way, you 23:05 had to dose it just right because if you didn’t, you would produce so much insulin that it would crash the blood 23:12 sugar and then somebody would have too low of a blood sugar. They’d be hypoglycemic and they’d have to eat more 23:18 sugar and then they’d have to modify the insulin again and the person would be going up and down, up and down, up and 23:24 down all day long. And that created a lot of problems for people and so this 23:30 helps to stabilize that so it is not such an intense change. Now in the GI 23:36 tract semiglutide delays the gastric emptying particularly pronounced during 23:41 the initial weeks of therapy. This slowing of the gastric emptying contributes to the sensation of being 23:48 full and early satiety that patients often describe. However, this effect 23:54 tends to attend to weight over time as the body adapts through the appetite 24:00 suppressing effects generally persist through central mechanisms. So, when we 24:05 talk about what is actually happening, we’re slowing that digestive process down. That’s why people aren’t so 24:11 hungry. It’s why they’re not eating so much. This is why people can develop constipation with these products because 24:17 it’s slowing the body’s digestive tract down. Now some people will call this 24:22 gastroparesis. Um gastroparesis is actually different. 24:28 It is when we lose control over what’s happening in the in the colon like the 24:34 nerves and things like that just stop working. I have never seen that with the GLP1s that we prescribe in micro doing. 24:42 um it’s been documented. It can happen, but again it a lot of it is dosing and a 24:48 lot of it is staying on top of your client and what’s happening and what’s going on and what you’re doing and making sure that they do have good 24:54 motility still. So a lot of these things can be mitigated if you have problems 24:59 with them. Now one of the most profound effects of semiglutide occur in the 25:05 central nervous system. GLP-1 receptors are widely distributed in the brain 25:10 particularly in the hypothalamus and the brain stem area where we are involved in 25:15 appetite regulation. So when when wilding and colleagues published their 25:20 landmark step one trial in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2021, 25:25 they demonstrated that participants receiving 2.4 4 milligrams of semiglutide weekly achieved an average 25:32 weight loss of 14.9% of their body weight over 68 weeks. Now, I want you 25:39 guys to really understand this. We’re talking roughly 15% body weight loss 25:45 over a year, longer than a year. 52 weeks is a year, right? This is 68 25:50 weeks. So, it took longer for them to lose. We’re not talking about giving 25:55 somebody a dose to lose 15% of their body mass in a month or two. That that 26:01 is not healthy for any of us. That is not what we’re talking about doing here. Now, they compared this to placebo and 26:08 the placebo was only 2.4%. So, that is a significant difference. 26:14 And even beyond the numbers, patients reported something very qualitatively different, a reduction in what’s now 26:21 called food noise. Everybody knows what food noise is. We’ve talked about this long before GLP1. It’s that craving. 26:28 It’s that part of your brain that just keeps thinking about I want to eat something. You know, that was actually 26:34 reduced and they didn’t expect to see that happen. Now, this refers to the constant mental preoccupation with food, 26:42 the intrusive thoughts about eating, the difficulty in feeling satisfied. Semi-glutide appears to appears to 26:49 modulate reward pathways in the misolyic system reducing hedonic eating and food 26:57 cravings. Now there are also great cardiovascular effects of semiglutide 27:02 that extend beyond weight loss. Uh the sustained six and select trials 27:07 demonstrated significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events uh 27:14 mace in high-risisk populations. The select trial published in 2023 showed 27:20 that semiglutide reduced cardiovascular death, non-fatal myioardial inffection 27:25 and non-fatal stroke by 20% in adults with overweight or obesity and 27:31 established cardiovascular disease but without diabetes. So this suggests that 27:37 mechanisms beyond glucose control and weight loss possibly including 27:42 anti-inflammatory effects, improvements in endothelial function and favorable 27:47 changes to lipid profiles. Now I will tell you the clients that I work with that are on GLP1, 27:53 they will tell you that their inflammation has been significantly reduced. We are also seeing really 28:00 amazing results in lipid profiles. um part of its weight loss, but there is a 28:06 component to this that is lowering the triglyceride levels because it’s related to sugar and how the body’s processing 28:11 it. And we’re seeing better profiles, less need for statins as a result of 28:17 that. If if you want to listen to my episode on statins, I have one on that. Uh they are not my favorite medication. 28:24 I think it’s overprescribed and overused um and not really affecting or 28:29 addressing the problem. So these things can really be helpful. There’s also some 28:34 uh ramblings going on with GLP-1s saying that they may be able to help with 28:40 addiction in the future because of where they’re finding it affecting the brain and how it affects the food noise and 28:47 the cravings that we have for food and the addiction for food. Could it potentially help with other addictions 28:53 down the road? We’ll have to wait and see on that one. So semiglutide’s FDA prescribing information also includes a 29:00 box uh boxed warning about thyroid sea cell tumors. So in rodent studies 29:06 semiglutide caused dose dependent and treatment duration dependent sea cell 29:12 tumors at clinically relevant exposures. So while it’s unknown whether or not 29:17 semiglutide causes uh thyroid cancer tumors in humans and the rodent thyroid biology 29:26 differs significantly from humans, the drug is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of 29:33 medillary thyroid carcinoma or in patients with multiple endocrine neopl neoplasia syndrome type two. it is 29:42 uh contraindicated for safety effects with that. Um I have seen endocrinologists okay GLP1s to be used 29:50 in patients who’ve had other forms of thyroid cancer just not the meillary 29:55 thyroid cancer. So there is possibility there. Now the most common side effects 30:00 are gastrointestinal. It’s nausea affects about 20 to 44% of patients 30:06 depending on the formulation with diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, and also frequently 30:13 reported in clinical trials. I see this in my clinic, too, especially dose dependent. Um, and it happens early on 30:20 when you’re first starting the medication, but seems to settle out over time. The one that I would add to this 30:26 that I don’t think they have on here is an increase in acid reflux. We also see that quite often uh especially in people 30:33 who suffer with acid reflux to begin with. Now these effects are typically most 30:40 pronounced during the escalation and they like I said often improve over time 30:45 but more serious but less common adverse effects include acute pancreatitis. 30:51 The medication needs to be discontinued immediately if this is confirmed. You can see some diabetic retinopathy 30:57 complications in patients with pre-existing retinopathy and acute kidney injury. Um, this usually happens 31:05 secondarily to dehydration from the GI effects. There are some gallbladder disease um that can occur and people who 31:13 have a sensitive gallbladder will describe uh discomfort with that. I’ve 31:18 even seen some people who’ve had their gallbladder out on GLP1s at the higher doses complain of similar pain that they 31:25 used to have when their gallbladder was in. So, really important to just kind of monitor these symptoms and work closely 31:32 with somebody that understands them and can be on top of them quite quickly if this happens. Excuse me. From an 31:39 integrative medicine perspective, semiglutide really represents a powerful tool, but it’s not a standalone 31:46 solution. Remember, the medication addresses one aspect of the metabolic dysfunction, the signaling systems 31:53 controlling appetite and glucose homeostasis, but it doesn’t address the root cause that led to the metabolic 32:00 disease in the first place. Patients who rely solely on the medication without addressing the ultrarocessed food 32:07 consumption, the ccadian disruptions, the chronic stress, the sleep apnea, or 32:12 underlying hormonal imbalances often experience weight regain when the medication is discontinued. 32:20 The drug is also not a substitute for addressing the emotional and psychological drivers of eating 32:26 behavior, including the unresolved trauma that may manifest as emotional eating. I think this is really important 32:33 because we don’t address the trauma issue enough with clients and we need to 32:38 be looking at that. There is a huge trauma effect out there these days that is I don’t want to say leading to or 32:45 causing but it is definitely contributing to chronic illness and it’s not being talked about enough. So we 32:52 really need to be talking about this and addressing this trauma aspect. Now the next GLP that one that I want to talk 32:59 about is trespathide. This is a dual agonist. It takes center stage. It is my 33:05 favorite GLP one. Trisepatide is marketed as Mangjaro for type 2 diabetes 33:11 and Zepbound for chronic weight management and it represents the next 33:16 evolution in increantbased therapy. This is a dual agonist a 39 amino acid 33:23 synthetic peptide structurally based on the human glucose dependent insulin tropic peptide so GIP sequence but 33:31 modified to activate both the GIP receptors and the GLP1 receptors. So the 33:37 addition of the GI GIP agonism to the GLP1 agonism appears to create this 33:46 synergistic effect that goes beyond simply adding the two mechanisms together. So the GIP like GLP-1 is an 33:55 increant hormone secreted by what is called the K cells in response to nutrient intake. It enhances glucose 34:02 dependent insulin secretion but it also effects on atapost tissue metabolism 34:09 potentially improving the insulin sensitivity in fat cells and influencing 34:14 how the body stores and metabolizes fat. So some research suggests that GIP may 34:20 also have effects on energy expenditure though this remains an area of 34:26 investigation. So basically what we’re saying is this drug may actually help 34:32 people who are insulin resistant or insulin sensitive, not just somebody who 34:38 has problems with glucose control. So, this is super exciting because it opens 34:43 up the door for all of these people for decades that we’ve been trying to manage with insulin resistance and trying to 34:50 prevent diabetes and honestly most of the time have been unsuccessful 34:56 unless you can keep your diet at 50 grams of carbs or less a day, which is extremely difficult. Um, and take some 35:04 supplements that may or may not work and or take some metformin that may or may not help. this drug actually really 35:11opens that up and helps in that capacity. So there was a clinical trial 35:17 called the surmount clinical trial which demonstrated that trespathide produces 35:22 even more substantial weight loss than semiglutide. In the surerount one trial published by uh J tree I might have said 35:31 that wrong. I apologize if I slaughtered your name and colleagues in the New York England Journal of Medicine in 2022. 35:38 Participants receiving the highest dose of trespide, which is 15 milligrams, achieved an average weight loss of 20.9% 35:47 of their body weight over 72 weeks, compared to 3.1% with placebo. This 35:54 level of weight loss approaches what’s typically only seen in beriatric surgery. So, this is amazing because if 36:02 this medication works and we don’t have to do beriatric surgery, stomach stapling basically, um, oh my gosh, it’s 36:11 amazing. There are so many complications and risks that go with stomach stapling and the different procedures that they 36:17 do these days. People don’t absorb their nutrients properly. They have to do liquid nutrients. It’s very complicated. 36:24 It’s very challenging. Many of these people gain their weight back. Um, and 36:30 this procedure is not fun to go through. So, if we could change that and change 36:35 the lives of people who’ve really been struggling, it is amazing. And I will tell you that I have seen this work. I 36:42 have seen people lose 100 150 pounds on these medications over a year or two 36:50 period of time. It is definitely slower than beriatric surgery on some standpoints, but that is okay. You don’t 36:56 want that rapid weight loss. It’s not good for you. It’s not healthy for you. It doesn’t look well. You know, we want 37:03 to do this safely and effectively in the best way that we can possibly do that for you. Now, the adverse effect profile 37:10 is similar to semiglutide. It’s dominated by gastrointestinal effects. 37:15 Nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation. These were all commonly reported in the surmount 37:22 trials. And like semiglutide, tricepide carries a blackbox warning regarding the 37:27 thyroid sea cell tumors based on the rodent data and it shares the same contra indications in patients with a 37:34 family history of thyroid cancer and men too. So the mechanism behind why 37:40 tepatide often produces more substantial weight loss than GLP-1. The agonism 37:45 alone remains under investigation, but it may relate to the complimentary effects on the different aspects of 37:51 energy homeostasis or to GIP’s effects on atapost tissue and potentially on 37:58 central central nervous system pathways that GLP1 alone doesn’t fully address. 38:03 Now patients often report even more profound reductions in food noise with tricepide compared to GLP1 and uh sorry 38:12 GLP1 the agonists through this is anecdotal and hasn’t been regularly 38:17 quantified in quality studies. So I’ve done both uh personally and in my 38:22 practice. I really like trespide better than semiglutide. For me I had too many side effects with semiglutide. uh I had 38:30 less side effects with trespathide. I also plateaued on semiglutide which I 38:35 didn’t really care for. And with Tresepide, I haven’t plateaued and I’ve been able 38:42 to lose about 25 pounds in um a year and a half and I’ve been able to maintain 38:49 that. Um and I continued to use it because I do have a strong family history of cardiovascular disease. And 38:56 if this could help me so that I don’t follow my family lineage with cardiovascular disease, I am all for 39:03 trying to do that. I’ve watched too many of my family members suffer from this. I’ve lost my dad at a very young age. I 39:09 lost my grandfather at a young age to it. All of their brothers to this. And I don’t want to be that same person. So 39:16 that is why I chose to do that. And I think it’s really important for us to take a look at that and understand that. 39:24 Now, I know this has been a really long podcast and I don’t typically do podcasts this long. I have a whole host 39:31 of information on additional peptides. So, I’m going to break this up for you 39:36 guys and I’m going to do another episode and we’re going to pick up where we left off here with these peptides so that we 39:43 can actually start to dive into different peptides as well. So, check 39:48 out my next podcast show when we’re going to dive into the peptides that 39:54 talk about sexual wellness, immune function, and all the other cool things 39:59 that we can do with peptides. So until then, remember to like, share, and 40:04 subscribe. It really helps us get out to other people and share our information, 40:10 and join us for our next episode as we continue the talk about peptides. 40:15 Welcome to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, where we bring expert insights directly to you. Please note that the views and 40:21 information shared by our guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Let’s Talk Wellness Now, its 40:28 management, or our partners. Each affiliate, sponsor, and partner is an 40:34 independent entity with its own perspectives. Today’s content is provided forformational and educational 40:40 purposes only and should not be considered specific advice, whether financial, medical, or legal. While we 40:48 strive to present accurate and useful information, we cannot guarantee its completeness or relevance to your unique 40:56 circumstances. We encourage you to consult with a qualified professional to address your 41:01 individual needs. Your use of information from this broadcast is entirely at your own risk. By continuing 41:08 to listen, you agree to indemnify and hold Let’s Talk Wellness Now and its 41:14 associates harmless from any claims or damages arising from the use of this 41:20 content. We may update this disclaimer at any time and changes will take effect 41:26 immediately upon posting or broadcast. Thank you for tuning in. We hope you 41:31 find this episode both insightful and thought-provoking. Listener discretion 41:36 is advised.The post Episode 256 – How Peptides Work, Benefits, and FDA-Approved vs Off-Label Use Explained first appeared on Let's Talk Wellness Now.

When bacterial pneumonia in a dog or cat is treated and managed appropriately, the prognosis for most patients is good. This episode of the VetFolio Voice podcast reviews common causes of bacterial pneumonia in dogs and cats, including aspiration and infectious causes. Dr. Cassi and Dr. Lori Waddell discuss the importance of the patient's signalment and history in assessing risk factors for the various causes of pneumonia. Diagnostics, including thoracic radiographs and airway sampling–its usefulness and indications—as well as choosing empirical antibiotic therapy are also explored.

High Yield Bacterial Disease Review:Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease) Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni) Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Acute Rheumatic fever (Group A Streptococcus) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsia) Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)Review for your PANCE, PANRE, Eor's, Physician Assistant exams, USMLE, NCLEX, nursing exams.►Support the channel by joining and becoming a member! (Thank you so much!)►Paypal Donation Link: https://bit.ly/3dxmTql (Thank you!)►INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/cramthepance/►YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZCILePJ-E17txF-ObXlFKwIncluded in review: Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease), Botulism (Clostridium botulinum), Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni) Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), Acute Rheumatic fever (Group A Streptococcus), Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsia), Tetanus (Clostridium tetani), Major and Minor Jones criteria, Doxycycline, Azithromycin.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/cram-the-pance--5520744/support.

Are your kids too clean for their own good? Amish children experience 90% less asthma than the national average—not despite getting dirty, but because of it. When scientists analyzed the dust in their farmhouses, they discovered an invisible ecosystem that was training immune systems to be resilient instead of reactive. In his episode, host Jason Wachob explores the groundbreaking research behind the "hygiene hypothesis" and its implications for modern parents raising kids in an increasingly sanitized world. This discovery is forcing us to rethink everything about dirt, bacteria, and health. And it's already led to treatments used by 100+ million people worldwide. Are we too clean for our own good? Study Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37210851/ Chapters: [00:18] The Amish morning: A scene from another era [02:23] The asthma epidemic vs. farm kids' secret weapon [04:30] What's really in farm dust? (It's not what you think) [05:46] Bacterial lysates: Recreating farm protection in a lab [08:22] The hygiene hypothesis: Why clean might be too clean

Episode 40 of the ESCRS Eye Journal Club with Artemis Matsou, Alfredo Borgia and Victoria Till was held on 6th February 2026 The guest experts are Jose Guell and Guillermo Amescua who discuss the following paper: Bacterial Keratitis Preferred Practice Pattern

*Beef and dairy cross calves are having a big impact on the beef industry.   *Signup is underway for the continuous Conservation Reserve Program.  *USDA has issued the final Emergency Livestock Relief program payments. *Limited water is a critical issue for Texas High Plains farmers.  *The beef checkoff is 40 years old.  *House ag committee leadership has released a draft of the next Farm Bill.  *When is the right time to fertilize warm season grasses?*Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a big concern.  

Aubrey Masango host Dr Reatile Mtshuma, Medical Doctor at Private Practie to discuss unpack boils, causes, symptoms and treatment options. Tags: 702, Aubrey Masango show, Aubrey Masango, Bra Aubrey, Dr Reatile Mtshuma, Boil, Skin condition, Bacterial infection, Hair follicle, Malnutrition The Aubrey Masango Show is presented by late night radio broadcaster Aubrey Masango. Aubrey hosts in-depth interviews on controversial political issues and chats to experts offering life advice and guidance in areas of psychology, personal finance and more. All Aubrey’s interviews are podcasted for you to catch-up and listen. Thank you for listening to this podcast from The Aubrey Masango Show. Listen live on weekdays between 20:00 and 24:00 (SA Time) to The Aubrey Masango Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and on CapeTalk between 20:00 and 21:00 (SA Time) https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk Find out more about the show here https://buff.ly/lzyKCv0 and get all the catch-up podcasts https://buff.ly/rT6znsn Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfet Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episode Notes In this episode of the DASON Digest podcast, DASON Clinical Pharmacist Liaison, Dr. April Dyer, chats with us about an article in ASHE entitled "Implementation of an interruptive electronic health record alert improves optimal antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory patients with acute bacterial sinusitis: a quasi-experiment." The article can be viewed here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41607693/ For more information about DASON, please visit: https://dason.medicine.duke.edu/

In this week's nugget, we explore some of the knowns and  unknowns when it comes to eating farmed animals who may carry bacteria known to cause disease in humans. The spotlight is on  helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni, and e.coli. You might think twice about what you store in the freezer or throw on a barbeque. The Ingest podcast:https://www.pcsg.org.uk/podcast/h-pylori/Almagro-Martínez, C., Alenda-Botella, A. & Botella-Juan, L. Systematic review on the zoonotic potential of Helicobacter pylori. Discov Public Health 22, 432 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00834-wQuaglia NC, Dambrosio A. Helicobacter pylori: A foodborne pathogen? World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug 21;24(31):3472-3487. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3472. PMID: 30131654; PMCID: PMC6102504.Aziz M, Park DE, Quinlivan V, Dimopoulos EA, Wang Y, Sung EH, Roberts ALS, Nyaboe A, Davis MF, Casey JA, Caballero JD, Nachman KE, Takhar HS, Aanensen DM, Parkhill J, Tartof SY, Liu CM, Price LB, .2025.Zoonotic Escherichia coli and urinary tract infections in Southern California. mBio16:e01428-25.https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01428-25https://www.food.gov.uk/news-alerts/news/report-into-the-sources-of-human-campylobacter-infection-published-0Harmful impacts of microplastic pollution on poultry and biodegradation techniques using microorganisms for consumer health protection: A reviewhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124010344?via%3Dihub

◆Voicy新チャンネル開設！【獣医Sara先生のペットの暮らしと健康】 https://bit.ly/3sLljup【お知らせ

Poor sleep isn't always a discipline or routine problem — sometimes it's a digestion problem hiding in plain sight. This episode explores the emerging evidence linking gut dysbiosis with sleep quality, including research showing a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and the microbiome. I break down how bacterial overgrowth, inflammation, and altered neurotransmitter signaling can interfere with sleep, even when sleep hygiene is dialed in. The focus is on understanding root causes, not fear-mongering, and identifying practical, low-hanging interventions that support both gut health and recovery. Topics discussed: - Gut health and sleep quality- Dysbiosis and insomnia- Microbiome signaling pathways- Inflammation and sleep disruption- Bacterial overgrowth patterns- Lifestyle drivers of gut issues- Practical gut-first interventions---------- ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠My Live Program for Coaches: The Functional Nutrition and Metabolism Specialization ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.metabolismschool.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠---------- [Free] Metabolism School 101: The Video Series⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://www.metabolismschool.com/metabolism-101⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠----------Subscribe to My Youtube Channel: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://youtube.com/@sammillerscience?si=s1jcR6Im4GDHbw_1⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠----------⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Grab a Copy of My New Book - Metabolism Made Simple⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠---------- Stay Connected: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram: @sammillerscience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube: SamMillerScience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook: The Nutrition Coaching Collaborative Community⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok: @sammillerscience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠----------“This Podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast and the show notes or the reliance on the information provided is to be done at the user's own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and is for educational purposes only. Always consult your physician before beginning any exercise program and users should not disregard, or delay in obtaining, medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions. By accessing this Podcast, the listener acknowledges that the entire contents and design of this Podcast, are the property of Oracle Athletic Science LLC, or used by Oracle Athletic Science LLC with permission, and are protected under U.S. and international copyright and trademark laws. Except as otherwise provided herein, users of this Podcast may save and use information contained in the Podcast only for personal or other non-commercial, educational purposes. No other use, including, without limitation, reproduction, retransmission or editing, of this Podcast may be made without the prior written permission of Oracle Athletic Science LLC, which may be requested by contacting the Oracle Athletic Science LLC by email at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠operations⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@sammillerscience.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. By accessing this Podcast, the listener acknowledges that Oracle Athletic Science LLC makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast."

This week's episode focuses on bacterial conjunctivitis and practical considerations for pediatric care. Host Paul Wirkus, MD, FAAP and Ophthalmologist Mitchell Strominger, MD discuss key principles of infection control, how to recognize concerning findings and distinguish uncomplicated conjunctivitis from more serious conditions such as orbital cellulitis, and when escalation of care is necessary. We also review the appropriate use of antibiotics, including selection, administration, and common pitfalls—highlighting how improper dosing or technique can limit effectiveness. This discussion is designed to support evidence-based decision-making and safe, effective management of bacterial conjunctivitis in children. Have a question? Email questions@vcurb.com. They will be answered in week four.For more information about available credit, visit vCurb.com.ACCME Accreditation StatementThis activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Colorado Medical Society through the joint providership of Kansas Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics and Utah Chapter, AAP.  Kansas Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics is accredited by the Colorado Medical Society to provide continuing medical education for physicians. AMA Credit Designation StatementKansas Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics designates this live activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Matters Microbial #120: Bacterial Interactions among Oral Microbes December 29, 2025 For Episode 120, we welcome Dr. Batbileg Bor, Associate Professor at the ADA Forsyth Institute, to the #QualityQuorum. He joins us to discuss some of the oral community's most enigmatic members: microbes that dwell on other microbes and potentially influence our own health. Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Batbileg Bor Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode Here is a fun video about #LuxArt that Dr. Jennifer Quinn and I made for Harvard University's Microbial Sciences Initiative in 2024. Here is a wonderful essay about Dr. Rita Colwell.  Here is a link to her fascinating book about her life. A blog overview of the amazing Deinococcus radiodurans. A fine article about the "artwork" that Paenibacillus creates when it forms colonies. Here is the video that two of my #Bio350 #Micronauts made…a parody of Vanilla Ice's "Ice, Ice, Baby" but about microbiology. Here is a link to the #MattersMicrobial podcast involving the fascinating work of Dr. Jessica Mark Welch on the oral microbiome. A review article on predatory bacteria. An overview of the CPR (Candidate Phyla Radiation), both prominent and mysterious. A recent article by Dr. Bor and colleagues describing the "microbial dark matter" seemingly everwhere…even in the human mouth. An introductory profile on TM7, Saccharibacteria. A solid early review of TM7, by Dr. Bor and colleagues. Dr. Bor and colleagues' early article about TM7, discussed in today's podcast.   Dr. Bor and colleagues' article describing interesting interactions between the epibiont and the basibiont, described in today's podcast.  Here is a related article. An article by Dr. Bor and colleagues describing the two Type IV pili systems of Saccharibacteria. A fascinating article by Dr. Bor and colleagues describing how TM7 can modulate the responses of animals in different ways, discussed on the podcast. Dr. Bor's LinkedIn profile. Dr. Bor's faculty page at the ADA Forsyth Institute. Dr. Bor's laboratory website with fabulous images to enjoy. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

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This is the last in a series about possible futures, published in Booch News each week, starting with a Preview on October 3rd. Episode 11 appeared last week. Overview By 2100, the Earth hums with quiet vitality. Cities are green, breathable, and alive—literally. After the Climate Reckoning of the 2050s and the Fermentation Reformation that followed, humanity abandoned synthetic consumerism and rediscovered the wisdom of the microbial world. Artificial beverages—cola, beer, wine—became relics of the Carbon Age. People sought drinks that delivered tangible benefits: nourishing the microbiome, stabilizing mood, and sharpening cognition. Enter kombucha—the “living beverage,” a cornerstone of living systems. The Reformation’s legacy isn’t merely biological transformation—it’s cultural maturation: learning to work cooperatively with living systems, valuing local knowledge, building community infrastructure, maintaining honest assessment of capabilities, and recognizing that sustainable human thriving requires biological partnership rather than attempted domination. Humanity still faces continuing challenges: climate adaptation, resource management, social equity, political conflict, and planetary boundaries. Fermentation provides useful tools but not complete solutions. Humanity’s Partnership with Living Systems By 2100, humanity had learned crucial lessons about partnership with living systems. Fermentation taught that: Working with biology is often more effective than fighting it: Bacterial bioremediation, probiotic therapies, and closed-loop life support—all leverage natural processes rather than opposing them. Local diversity produces resilience: Decentralized fermentation cooperatives proved more adaptable than consolidated industrial food systems. Traditional knowledge contains valuable insights: Indigenous and traditional fermentation practices offered solutions that industrial approaches missed. Community infrastructure matters: Spaces for gathering and productive cooperation strengthen communities beyond what the consumption culture provides. Multiple approaches are necessary: Fermentation didn’t solve everything because no single practice can. Success required combining fermentation with policy reform, technological innovation, social justice work, and environmental restoration. Fermentation delivered measurable benefits: Improved public health through better nutrition Stronger communities through cooperative infrastructure Environmental benefits through local food production Cultural preservation through traditional knowledge Economic alternatives through cooperative ownership Educational frameworks through hands-on biology There are remaining challenges: Scaling benefits without losing local character Maintaining safety while enabling accessibility Supporting displaced industrial workers Balancing innovation with tradition Limiting commercial exploitation of the grassroots movement Addressing inequities in access and outcomes As the century closed, kombucha stood as both metaphor and method: proof that small, symbiotic systems could heal a planet pushed to the brink. Humanity had moved from extraction to participation, from ego-systems to ecosystems. The last generation of leaders—those raised during the chaos of the early 2000s—reflected on a hard-won truth: sustainability was not a policy but a practice of humility. The Great Rebalancing (2090–2100) The final decade before 2100 brought a reckoning—a rebalancing between people, planet, and profit. The kombucha industry, now deeply intertwined with global food, health, and climate systems, found itself both humbled and empowered. What began as a niche craft drink half a century earlier had become a symbol of regenerative commerce, microbial stewardship, and planetary renewal. The Century’s End By the 2090s, humanity had learned to live within limits. The population stabilized below nine billion. Carbon neutrality—once an abstract goal—was enforced globally through trade-linked carbon credits. Artificial intelligence governed not only production and logistics but also ecological thresholds: AI-run “planetary dashboards” warned when resources neared the threshold of overshooting. Kombucha—once merely a beverage—was now part of a symbiotic food network. Its microbial base served as a living substrate for nutritional pastes, medicinal tonics, and even biodegradable materials. SCOBY farms, floating on the world’s rewilded seas, generated both food and oxygen while sequestering carbon. The Kombucha Konfederation The seeds that were planted in 2025 with KBI's Verified Seal Program had by 2095, evolved into the Global Kombucha Konfederation. What was once a struggling network of small brewers had grown into a transnational cooperative representing over a billion daily consumers. Its “Code of Fermentation Ethics” guided microbial stewardship and regenerative practices across all continents. Economics of Regeneration By 2100, the measure of “growth” had changed. GDP had been replaced by the Regenerative Index—a metric that tracked ecosystem recovery, microbial diversity, and human well-being. Kombucha companies were central players: their microbial exports replenished soils, stabilized local economies, and improved nutrition without depleting resources. A kombucha SCOBY grown in Kenya could now be shipped digitally—its DNA code transmitted to a local bio-printer and activated with local nutrients. Trade was no longer about moving goods but sharing life itself. The Cosmic Ferment: Space, the Final Frontier Fermentation played a pivotal role in the colonization of extraterrestrial bodies, helping shape new planetary ecosystems and extending the themes of life, consciousness, and microbial cooperation out beyond Earth. By 2100, humanity’s reach extended into the solar system. Permanent research colonies existed on the Moon, thriving settlements dotted the Martian canyons, and orbiting bio-stations circled the gas giants. Yet amid all this technological triumph, one humble process—fermentation—had become indispensable to survival and meaning alike. Microbes had preceded humans into space. Now they accompanied them as partners, teachers, and planetary architects. The cosmonauts who stood at the threshold of the 22nd century included a terraformer, a kombucha-savvy starship captain, and an interplanetary ecologist. Terraforming Dr. Rafael Kimura, born in São Paulo in 2056, was a microbiologist with a poet’s soul. Half-Japanese, half-Brazilian, he grew up watching his parents brew miso and cachaça—two ancient ferments from opposite sides of the world. To him, fermentation was “the original terraforming technology.” In 2080, Rafael was appointed Director of the GaiaMars Project, a multinational effort to create self-sustaining microbial ecologies on Mars. Earlier missions had failed because they treated microbes as tools—simple agents of decomposition or nutrient cycling. Rafael saw them differently: as co-creators. Under his leadership, the project seeded Martian soil with adaptive, AI-guided microbial colonies derived from Earth’s most resilient ferments—kombucha SCOBYs, kimchi lactobacilli, kefir grains, and desert cyanobacteria. He cultivated resilient cyanobacterial genera such as Chroococcidiopsis (globally abundant in hot and cold deserts) and Phormidium (dominant in polar deserts), along with others including Scytonema, Nostoc, Gloeocapsa, and Oscillatoria. These microorganisms thrive in extreme heat, cold, and dryness, often living hypolithically (under quartz rocks) for UV protection or forming soil crusts that create the base of desert food webs. In other words, they were ideal for hostile environments like the Martian surface. He called them “symbiotic pioneers.” Rafael managed the project with pioneering intensity: “People imagine our bacterial systems are autonomous and intelligent. They’re not. We have post-doc microbiologists monitoring fermentation processes around the clock. When bacterial communities drift from optimal composition, we intervene. When contamination occurs, we troubleshoot. Biology is powerful but needs constant human management.” Within 20 years, these microecosystems transformed vast regions of Valles Marineris into breathable biomes. Thin, rust-colored soils turned to green moss beds; subterranean water ice became microbial broths teeming with oxygenic life. His motivation was both scientific and philosophical: “To make another planet live,” he said, “we must teach it to ferment.” By his death in 2109, Mars was no longer a sterile rock. It was alive—humming with microbial symphonies. Starship Systems Leila Zhang, born in Chengdu in 2064, was commander of Odyssey Station, an orbital habitat circling Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. Originally trained as an aerospace engineer, she had also studied culinary biology, convinced that morale and meaning in deep space depended as much on taste as on technology. Under her leadership, Odyssey became the first off-Earth facility to maintain a closed-loop fermentation system—a living cycle where every human exhalation, waste product, and organic residue was metabolized by microbial partners into food, oxygen, and energy. At the heart of the system was Luna, a centuries-old kombucha mother descended from cultures brought aboard the International Space Station in the 2030s. Luna had been genetically and spiritually tended by generations of brewers. Leila called her “the ship’s soul.” Investigation into the value of fermentation in long-term space missions began in 2024 with the successful cultivation of miso on the International Space Station. They noted: Observations suggest unique features of the space environment—what we might call ‘space terroir’—which could be harnessed to create more flavorful, nourishing foods for long-term space missions and to address fundamental questions about the biology of novel environments. — Food Fermentation in Space Is Possible, Distinctive, and Beneficial Crew members drank Luna Brew daily—a tangy, faintly glowing beverage that recycled carbon dioxide into nourishment and mood-balancing compounds. Leila’s motivation was personal: her grandmother had been a kombucha maker in Sichuan, teaching her that “fermentation is patience made visible.” She saw Luna not as machinery but as kin. Her greatest fear was contamination—that a rogue mutation might destabilize the closed loop. But Luna thrived, evolving gracefully with each solar cycle. In her logbook, Leila wrote: “We are not alone in space. Our microbes are our ancestors, our companions, and our future.” Interplanetary Ecology Omar Nasr was born in Cairo in 2049, the child of desert farmers who practiced ancient fermentation to preserve milk and grain. As a young man, he witnessed the collapse of the Nile Delta under climate stress and vowed to study ecological restoration. By the 2080s, he had become chief ecological architect for the Interplanetary Colonization Council, designing microbial biomes for lunar domes, asteroid habitats, and Martian gardens. Omar’s breakthrough came when he realized that each colony’s microbial culture—its ferments, soils, and human microbiomes—formed a “planetary signature.” Colonies with balanced microbial diversity exhibited lower stress, higher cognitive function, and greater social cohesion. He coined the term “BioHarmony Index”—the measure of symbiotic health across worlds. Omar’s motivation was deeply spiritual. “Every planet,” he said, “has its own yeast.” His work united science and mysticism: microbial networks as threads of the cosmic fabric. His greatest challenge was political. Competing nations wanted to patent microbial designs for terraforming. Omar fought to preserve them as commons. His Universal Microbial Charter of 2087 declared that all interplanetary life forms are the shared heritage of the solar system. By 2100, thanks to Omar’s advocacy, microbial life flowed freely between colonies—in the form of ferments, seeds, and living culture exchanges that kept humanity connected across light-minutes of distance. The Ferment Beyond Earth As humans spread outward, so did the cultures they carried—kombucha, kefir, tempeh, natto, sourdough, and new creations born in zero gravity. Each space colony developed its own microbial symphony, tuned to its atmosphere and inhabitants. Fermentation became the foundation of extraterrestrial ecology—producing oxygen, nutrients, and emotional well-being. In the silent vacuum of the cosmos, the gentle bubbling of fermentation tanks became the heartbeat of life. Yet beyond the practical lay the profound: on every world humans touched, microbes whispered their ancient message—that life is not a conquest of matter but a communion of being. By 2100, kombucha brewers on Earth toasted with their Martian and lunar kin through holographic “Ferment Feasts,” sharing flavors brewed across light-years and for parsecs into the future. The galaxy, once cold and empty, now shimmered with living effervescence. The universe, it seemed, was fermenting itself into consciousness. Summary: 2100 — The Age of Living Beverages By the year 2100, kombucha had transformed human civilization. From fermentation to foundation, from drink to doctrine—kombucha’s long journey had come full circle. The year 2100 witnessed a world transformed. Humanity had at last reconciled itself with the biosphere. Coastal cities once drowned by rising seas were now floating biocultures—living reefs made of cellulose and kelp, home to millions who harvested sunlight, saltwater, and SCOBY membranes for sustenance. Inland, forests had returned. Mycelial networks thrived beneath the soil, and atmospheric carbon was on track to drop below pre-industrial levels. Life—microbial, human, and machine—was symbiotic by design. Every person alive knew the taste of kombucha—not as a brand or product but as a living ritual. The brew had become as universal as bread once was, yet infinitely more personal. Each batch told the story of a local climate, a community’s microbes, and the care of its brewers. A Universal Daily Prayer was offered: Our SCOBY, which art fermenting,Hallowed be thy name.Thy kingdom come,Thy will be done, on Earth as it is on Mars.Give us this day, our daily ‘boochAnd balance our pH, as we balance others.Lead us into fermentation, and deliver us from contamination,For thine is the bacteria, the microbes, and the yeast, symbiotically,For ever and ever.Amen. By 2100, the word kombucha no longer described a drink at all—it meant symbiosis. Children learned it in their first biology lessons: “Kombucha is a partnership of beings for mutual thriving.” Its philosophy shaped every aspect of life: governance (through symbiotic councils), technology (bio-coded rather than silicon-based), and even art (living installations that pulsed, breathed, and regenerated). Fermentation had become the metaphor for civilization—slow, transformative, and alive. The old kombucha pioneers—those small craft brewers of the early 2000s who had struggled to explain their cloudy bottles to skeptical consumers—were now honored as ancestors. In Vallejo, Berlin, Seoul, and Nairobi, fermentation schools bore their names. Holographic exhibits replayed their humble workshops, their mason jars and stainless-steel vats, their laughter and frustration. What they began as a grassroots act of care had evolved into a planetary operating system. In their honor, the Fermenters’ Equinox was celebrated each year—a global day of silence, brewing, and renewal. For twenty-four hours, production ceased. Humanity listened, quite literally, to the hum of the microbes—the sound of life in process. This will be our fermented future. Epilogue: A Message to Today’s Brewers To the readers of Booch News: When this journey began, kombucha was still a niche drink—something found in farmers’ markets, yoga studios, and coolers in the back of natural food stores. Most people couldn’t pronounce it, let alone explain the SCOBY. Breweries were small, margins were thin, and public understanding was limited to “a fizzy, vinegary tea that’s good for you.” And yet, beneath that modest surface, something profound was already fermenting. Each of you—today’s brewers, innovators, distributors, educators, and enthusiasts—is not merely selling a beverage. You are part of a quiet revolution in how humanity relates to life itself. The microbial world you nurture is ancient, generous, and wise. It reminds us that creation is cooperative, not competitive; that resilience comes from diversity; that change, though sometimes messy, leads to transformation. When we imagine kombucha in 2100, we’re really asking: what kind of relationship will we have with the living world? Will we continue to extract, process, and discard—or will we learn, as brewers do, to feed and be fed by the same cycles that sustain all existence? The future described in these episodes—of floating SCOBY farms, living cities, microbial charters, and global fermentation commons—is not prophecy. It’s possibility. And every small act you take today brings it closer. Every local brew you craft, every story you tell a customer, every connection you make between ancient fermentation and modern wellness—these are the seeds of a living civilization. When historians look back from 2100, they may see you—the brewers of the mid twenty-first century—as the ones who kept the flame alive during a time of industrial excess. You modeled a different path: one of patience, transparency, and care. You demonstrated that business could be regenerative, that flavor could carry ethics, and that microbes could heal both body and planet. So, to every reader of Booch News: keep fermenting. Keep innovating. Keep sharing. The world of 2100 begins with the jars, vats, and hearts of those brewing here in 2025. Let it be alive. Disclaimer This is a work of speculative fiction. Names, characters, businesses, events, and incidents are the product of the author's imagination, assisted by generative A.I. References to real brands and organizations are used in a wholly imaginative context and are not intended to reflect any actual facts or opinions related to them. No assertions or statements in this post should be interpreted as true or factual. Audio Listen to an audio version of this Episode and all future ones via the Booch News channel on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you just want to listen to the music, tune in as follows: The 28th Amendment Choir, The Universal Daily Prayer, 17:50 Here is a complete playlist of all ‘Fermented Future' songs. Lyrics ©2025 Booch News, music generated with the assistance of Suno. The post Our Fermented Future, Episode 12: The World of 2100 appeared first on 'Booch News.

This episode is an invitation to rethink what “clean,” “healthy,” and “balanced” actually mean - for our dogs, our homes, and the wider living systems we're part of.I sit down with Joe Flanagan, founder of Ingenious Probiotics, whose journey into the world of beneficial bacteria began in the most unexpected place: temperature control and air quality. What unfolded from there is a story that reaches far beyond products or protocols. It's about remembering a way of living that honours life instead of fighting it.Together we explore the anti-bacterial paradigm so many of us were raised inside, and what really happens when we wipe life away… and the ways Mother Nature inevitably fills the vacuum we create.We touch on:

Send us a textGrab your trainers, your dog lead, or even shake your jingle bells, and join us for some free CPD as we have another relaxed round up of recent Red Whale primary care Pearls of wisdom.  In the first of two episodes this month, Fi and Nik discuss : Spotting adrenal crisis. Adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease can be easy to miss. We've recently updated our article on this, so we thought we'd share it as a Pearl, distilling the 2024 NICE guidance for you.Recurrent bacterial vaginosis: time to consider partner treatment? Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. But it's not an easy diagnosis for us to confirm – although we can suspect it clinically and manage empirically.  We'll give you a refresher on BV infection and diagnosis in primary care and then think about managing recurrent BV, where there's a new development.Listen as soon as you can to ensure you have full access to all the free resources. Further Pearls from November will be covered next time.Useful LinksAdrenal insufficiency and Addison's diseaseFor professionals:The Society of Endocrinology – adrenal crisisFor patients:Addison's Disease Self-help Group (include sections on emergency kits and sick day rules; there doesn't appear to be a patient group for other forms of adrenal insufficiency) GP Trainee Essentials support package information, and the Red Whale CalendarSend us your feedback podcast@redwhale.co.uk or send a voice message Sign up to receive Pearls here. Pearls are available for 3 months from publish date. After this, you can get access them plus 100s more articles when you buy a one-day online course from Red Whale OR sign up to Red Whale Unlimited. Find out more here. Follow us: X, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInDisclaimer: We make every effort to ensure the information in this podcast is accurate and correct at the date of publication, but it is of necessity of a brief and general nature, and this should not replace your own good clinical judgement, or be regarded as a substitute for taking professional advice in appropriate circumstances. In particular, check drug doses, side-effects and interactions with the British National Formulary. Save insofar as any such liability cannot be excluded at law, we do not accept any liability for loss of any type caused by reliance on the information in this podcast....

Step into the supermarket and there's plastic around just about everything, even mangoes — and not all that packaging will be properly disposed of.So with around 20 million tonnes of plastic polluting the environment each year, not to mention the potential health effects of microplastics, is there a better, more environmentally friendly alternative?You can binge more episodes of the Lab Notes podcast with science journalist and presenter Belinda Smith on the ABC Listen app (Australia). You'll find episodes on animal behaviour, human health, space exploration and so much more.Get in touch with us: labnotes@abc.net.auFeaturing:Edward Attenborough, chemical engineer and chemist at Monash UniversityMore information:Bacterial species-structure-property relationships of polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers produced on simple sugars for thin film applicationsThis episode of Lab Notes was produced on the lands of the Wurundjeri and Taungurung people.

Listen in as experts Thomas P. Lodise, PharmD, PhD, and George Sakoulas, MD, FIDSA, explore tailored antibiotic strategies for diverse patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Their insightful discussion focuses on antibiotic developments that followed publication of the IDSA practice guidelines in 2014 and the challenges unique to ABSSSIs, including a lack of determined bacterial etiology for many cases. PresentersThomas P. Lodise, PharmD, PhDProfessorAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesInfectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistStratton VA Medical CenterAlbany, New YorkGeorge Sakoulas, MD, FIDSAChief, Infectious DiseasesSharp Rees-Stealy Medical GroupAdjunct Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineSan Diego, CaliforniaLink to full program:https://bit.ly/4oIKwzsGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send me a question or story!For how common we see pyoderma in cats and dogs in veterinary practice, the appearance can be variable. A cutaneous bacterial infection can appear as crusting, erythema, scaling, moth-eaten alopecia, epidermal collarette, etc. Differentials can also be varied. Pyoderma can mimic dermatophytosis, demodicosis, pemphigus foliaceus, epitheliotropic lymphoma, etc. Check out this week's episode The Derm Vet podcast! Also, I highly encourage you to check out the YouTube channel to see some clinical images.00:00 – Intro01:20 – Moth-Eaten Alopecia03:18 – Diffuse Alopecia04:21 – Erythema05:27 – Scaling06:40 – Epidermal Collarettes07:57 – Crusting11:15 – Urticaria-like Lesions13:58 – Outro

Dr. Jay Fisher is back on PEM Rules to discuss his experience with Bacterial Meningitis, a rare (and terrible) condition that is high on my list of "I Never Want to Miss It". Here are the articles Jay discussed: References Clinical Features Suggestive of Meningitis in Children:A Systematic Review of Prospective Data. Pediatrics 2010;126(5);952-960. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974781/ Bulging fontanelle in febrile infants as a predictorof bacterial meningitis. European Journal of Pediatrics (2021) 180:1243–1248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33169238/ Here is the link to the picture of the CSF of the patient discussed in the episode.  https://pemrules.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/csf.png  

Matters Microbial #115: Suiting Up Against Bacterial Predators! November 6, 2025 Today Dr. Hannah Ledvina, Assistant Professor in the Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department at the University of Michigan joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss how bacteria can protect themselves against predators in unusual ways . . . including a type of armor! Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Hannah Ledvina Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode The "Giant Microbes" website. A prompt for my course:  an article on "Animals in a Microbial World," with so many interesting examples.  Here is a summary for novice #Micronauts. A prompt for my course:  an article by the late, great Lynn Margulis on the nature of kefir grains and the definition of multicellularity and the organism. A prompt for my course:  an article on hyperpolyploidy in bacteria. An explanation of "genomic islands." A link to a previous guest of #MattersMicrobial, Dr. Laura Williams, discussing Bdellovibrio and undergraduate based research. An overview of predatory bacteria. Here is a more recent overview.   An overview of the predator Myxococcus. A wonderful video showing the predatory process of Myxococcus.  A fine review of the predator Bdellovibrio.  A video of the life cycle of Bdellovibrio.  Some work by Dr. Koval and colleagues suggesting that aspects of the outer cell wall is not involved with resistance to Bdellovibrio. Recent VERY exciting work suggesting that there is indeed a receptor on bacteria that Bdellovibrio can recognize. Here is a short summary of that work.   Could Bdellovibrio become a "living antibiotic"? A reminder from Drs. Kolter and Losick that bacteria in the laboratory can be quite different from their relatives in nature.   The article under discussion on this podcast by Dr. Ledvina and colleagues. Here is an editorial summary on the article.   An article on curli proteins in bacteria. An article on amyloid like proteins in bacteria. A video by Dr. Ledvina on the research interests of her group. Thoughts on an "immune system" for bacteria. Dr. Ledvina's faculty website. Dr. Ledvina's research group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

On this episode of Translating Proteomics, Parag speaks with Professor Jennifer Geddes-McAlister from the University of Guelph. Professor Geddes-McAlister is an expert at using proteomics to study host-microbe interactions from a systems biology perspective. Her exciting work spans studies of pathogenic fungi all the way to engineering plants to produce pharmaceutics (so-called “molecular pharming"). On top of all that, Professor Geddes-McAlister also founded “Moms in Proteomics” to support and encourage an intentional focus on the inherently unique physical, emotional, and biological commitments of Mothers, and the ensuing balance required to excel within the diverse STEM fields encompassing Mass-Spectrometry-based proteomics. Dive into this episode to:Learn why it's critical to study hosts, pathogens, and molecular pharming from a systems point of viewDiscover what Professor Geddes-McAlister is excited about for the upcoming Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) conferenceFind out what “Moms in Proteomics” has planned for HUPOChapters00:00 - Intro01:39 - Professor Geddes-McAlister's initial interest in host-microbe interactions06:13 - Why it's important to study host-microbe interactions08:10 - Pathogens vs helpful microbes10:06 - Thinking about microbes through the lens of "One Health" 14:34 - Why Professor Geddes-McAlister works primarily in proteomics as opposed to other omes19:44 - Professor Geddes-McAlister's favorite thing that she's learned from the proteome and couldn't learn from the other omes24:56 - Molecular pharming29:35 - The need for accessibility in proteomics34:09 - The need for all-in-one workflows in proteomics36:08 - HUPO 202539:56 - Moms in Proteomics42:36 - The future of proteomics43:59 - OutroResourcesGeddes et al., 2015. Secretome profiling of Cryptococcus neoformans reveals regulation of a subset of virulence-associated proteins and potential biomarkers by protein kinase Ahttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453029/Some of Professor Geddes-McAlister's early work using proteomics to study pathogenic fungiPrudhomme et al., 2024. Bacterial growth-mediated systems remodelling of Nicotiana benthamiana defines unique signatures of target protein production in molecular pharminghttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pbi.14342Researchers from Professor Geddes-McAlister's lab use multiomic techniques to discover factors impacting the production of a pharmaceutical in an engineered plantWoods et al., 2023. A One Health approach to overcoming fungal disease and antifungal resistancehttps://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wsbm.1610Review on the importance of incorporating “One Health” principals into efforts to fight pathogenic fungiMoms in Proteomics websitehttps://momsinproteomics.caLearn all about the Moms in Proteomics initiative and its international community

In this episode, I sit down with Dr. Bill Rawls, Co-Founder and Medical Director of Vital Plan, to talk about the root causes of chronic illness and the power of herbal medicine. After facing his own battle with chronic Lyme disease, Dr. Rawls discovered how modern herbology and cellular wellness can help the body heal from the inside out. We discuss his journey from traditional medicine to holistic healing and how restoring cellular health can transform your energy, immunity, and longevity.Leave Us A Voice Message! Topics Discussed:→ How can herbal medicine help prevent chronic illness?→ What is cellular wellness and why does it matter?→ Which herbs support detox and immune health?→ What is the RESTORE180 herbal protocol from Vital Plan?→ How can root cause medicine improve long-term health?Sponsored By: → Be Well By Kelly Protein Powder & Essentials | Get $10 off your order with PODCAST10 at https://bewellbykelly.com.→ AG1 | Head to https://drinkag1.com/bewell to get a FREE Welcome Kit with the flavor of your choice that includes a 30 day supply of AGZ and a FREE frother.→ Fatty 15 | Fatty15 is on a mission to replenish your C15 levels and restore your long-term health. You can get an additional 15% off their 90-day subscription Starter Kit by going to https://fatty15.com/KELLY15 and using code KELLY15 at checkout.→ LMNT | Get a free 8-count Sample Pack of LMNT's most popular drink mix flavors with any purchase at https://drinklmnt.com/Kelly. Find your favorite LMNT flavor, or share with a friend.Timestamps: → 00:00:00 - Introduction → 00:01:52 - Doctor sleep loss→ 00:08:40 - Chronic illness basics→ 00:13:52 - Root cause healing→ 00:20:30 - Everyday toxins→ 00:21:47 - Heavy metals→ 00:28:11 - Best sleep times→ 00:33:11 - Cellular stress→ 00:34:33 - Lyme disease→ 00:37:23 - Bacterial infections→ 00:44:18 - Microbes & treatment→ 00:53:47 - Minimalist wellness→ 00:58:16 - Herbs vs drugs→ 01:04:19 - Herb protocols→ 01:09:36 - Sourcing herbs→ 01:16:37 - Blends vs singles→ 01:22:34 - Staying presentCheck Out Dr. Bill: → IG: @rawlsmd; @vitalplan→ Book: The Cellular Solution & Unlocking Lyme→ Website: www.vitalplan.com; https://rawlsmd.com/ Check Out Kelly:→ Instagram→ YouTube→ Facebook

In this episode Ed interviews Dr. Deb Samac of the USDA-ARS. They discuss the long-overlooked disease of alfalfa, bacterial stem blight. Additional Resources https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTO-02-23-0059-R?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Time Stamps (0:00) Introductions (4:06) Overview of alfalfa production Skip to the main topic: (16:30) Bacterial stem blight (21:33) The role of frost (25:00) Pathogen differentiation (30:15) Pseudomonas and ice nucleation (39:02) Disease management (49:15) wrap-up How to cite the podcast: Zaworski, E. (Host)  Samac, D.(Interviewee). S4:E38 (Podcast). Blightmare on Stem Street: Alfalfa Bacterial Stem Blight. 10/22/2025. In I See Dead Plants. Crop Protection Network.   Transcript

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking a 24 hour old Pumpkin Spice Latte. Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - not risky

Matters Microbial #112: Bacterial Size, Stress, and Antibiotic Resistance October 17, 2025 Today Dr. Petra Levin, the George and Irene Freiberg Professor of Biology at Washington University in St. Louis joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss her work with bacterial cell size, environmental stress on bacteria, and antibiotic resistance. Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Petra Levin Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode An overview of the periplasm, found in Gram negative bacteria. An overview of beta-lactam antibiotics. The field of quantitative microbiology. An overview of B. subtilis.  An overview of E. coli.  An overview of Klebsiella.  The biography of Barbara McClintock, “A Feeling for the Organism.” A video explanation of the lac operon of E. coli. The LTEE program (Long Term Evolution Experiment) founded by Dr. Rich Lenski. The nomenclature of monoderm and diderm bacteria. A video explanation of peptidoglycan in bacteria. Penicillin binding proteins (PBP) and antibiotic resistance. A video about cell division in E. coli. A famous article coauthored by Dr. Elio Schaechter that describes cell growth and cell size in bacteria. A related article by Dr. Levin and colleagues. An overview of ESKAPE bacteria. An article from Dr. Levin's research group describing the relationship between pH and antibiotic resistance. An article about persister cells and their relevance to antibiotic resistance. Dr. Levin's faculty website. Dr. Levin's very interesting laboratory website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Susanna Esposito joins Saranya Ravindran to explore how clinicians can distinguish viral from bacterial respiratory infections in children. From bronchiolitis management to targeted testing, stewardship strategies, and the role of vitamin D and point-of-care diagnostics, this episode unpacks evidence-based approaches to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.  Timestamps:  00:00 – Introduction  02:00 – Respiratory infections  03:30 – Targeted testing  04:12 – Antibiotics in bronchiolitis  05:52 – Stewardship initiatives  07:12 – Vitamin D in prevention  08:21 – Viral point-of-care diagnostics 

BUFFALO, NY – October 8, 2025 – A new #research paper was #published in Volume 16 of Oncotarget on October 6, 2025, titled “ACTM-838, a novel systemically delivered bacterial immunotherapy that enriches in solid tumors and delivers IL-15/IL-15Rα and STING payloads to engage innate and adaptive immunity in the TME and enable a durable anti-tumor immune response.” In this study, led by first author Kyle R. Cron and corresponding author Akshata R. Udyavar, researchers from Actym Therapeutics developed a new form of bacterial immunotherapy called ACTM-838. This treatment safely delivers immune-activating proteins directly to solid tumors. The approach may offer a new option for cancer patients whose solid tumors are resistant to current immunotherapies. Solid tumors often suppress the immune system, making it difficult for treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors to work effectively. ACTM-838 was designed to overcome this challenge by targeting phagocytic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Once inside the tumor, the therapy delivers two immune-stimulating components: IL-15/IL-15Rα and a modified version of STING. Both are known to activate the body's innate and adaptive immune responses. This combination of immune-stimulating proteins helps shift the TME from immune-suppressive to immune-permissive, enabling the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. “STACT is a modular, genetically engineered live attenuated S. Typhimurium bacterial platform that enables tissue-specific localization and cell-targeted delivery of large, multiplexed payloads via systemic administration.” The study highlights how ACTM-838, built on a specially modified strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, safely targets tumors and avoids healthy tissue after intravenous injection. This targeted delivery reduces the risk of side effects while ensuring the immune-boosting agents reach their intended location. Importantly, ACTM-838 also showed significantly reduced inflammatory toxicity compared to its parent bacterial strain, which had previously presented challenges in clinical use. In preclinical tests, ACTM-838 shrank tumors and prevented their recurrence after treatment. Mice that were cured of tumors resisted re-injection with cancer cells, suggesting the development of long-lasting immune memory. The therapy also showed strong synergy with anti-PD1 drugs, a widely used class of cancer treatments, further improving outcomes in both treatment-resistant and responsive tumor models. Researchers also found that ACTM-838 changed the composition of immune cells within the tumor. It increased beneficial cells like cytotoxic T-cells and antigen-presenting macrophages, while reducing suppressive cell types such as regulatory T-cells and exhausted T-cells. These effects were confirmed through genetic analysis and cellular studies, pointing to a broad and coordinated immune response. This study offers proof-of-concept that live bacterial therapy can safely and effectively deliver gene-based immune modulators directly to tumors. With ACTM-838 now being tested in a Phase I clinical trial, the findings offer a new direction for cancer treatment strategies that activate the body's own immune system, particularly in difficult-to-treat cases where other therapies fail. DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28769 Correspondence to - Akshata R. Udyavar - akshata.udyavar@pfizer.com Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr5OR3tvC_I Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from biting the head off a bat or a dove. Fedica text: Dr. Don - risky ☣️  Professor Ben - risky ☣️ Black Sabbath ~ War Pigs - YouTube War Pigs - Wikipedia Fairies Wear Boots - YouTube Fairies Wear Boots - Wikipedia Did Ozzy Osbourne really bite the head off a live bat? Frontiers | An overview of bats microbiota and its implication in transmissible diseases Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of Columbiformes - PMC

Welcome to episode 246 of Growers Daily! We cover: fungal to bacterial ratios for soil health and whether it means anything for you, we discuss the death of curiosity, and it's feed back friday We are a Non-Profit! 

09 24 25 Bacterial Diseases in Corn by Ag PhD

One course of antibiotics has the power to wipe out certain strains from your microbiome forever. Like everything in health, it's all about dose and right use, but when it comes to antibiotics we are reaching for it too causally without grappling with the real-world consequences. Unfortunately, Martha Carlin was unable to ignore them when it impacted her family in the most fundamental of ways. She has since become a master of gut health, and is serving the public and fight against chronic disease with offerings of the highest quality gut medicine possible. Martha Carlin is a systems thinker, entrepreneur, and founder of The BioCollective, whose journey began when her husband John was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at age 44. Refusing to accept a future of inevitable decline, she applied her expertise in corporate turnarounds to uncover new approaches to managing and potentially altering the course of chronic disease. Her research  led her to recognize the central role of the gut, which she describes as the “general ledger” of health. In 2014, emerging science confirmed her insights, sparking her to leave her career and begin funding microbiome research at the University of Chicago with Dr. Jack Gilbert. Contact:Website - https://www.marthasquest.com/abouthttps://biotiquest.comJoin us as we explore:How her husband's “old person's disease” diagnosis changed Martha's life foreverHow to deploy specific bacteria strains for specific disease and wellness challenges using Martha's BiotiQuest ranges.How your poop quality and consistency can predict your risk of developing Parkinson's disease.Gut health myth busters - the hidden consequence of antibiotics use, the worst ones and why probiotics at your health shop are not what they seem to be.Mentions:Book - Missing Microbes, https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17910121-missing-microbes Study - Peng X, Li J, Wu Y, Dai H, Lynn HS, Zhang X. Association of Stool Frequency and Consistency with the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among U.S. Adults: Results from NHANES 2005-2010. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;11(1):29. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11010029. PMID: 36611489; PMCID: PMC9818668.Person - Dr Hans Vink, https://glycocalyx.com/pages/about-usSupport the showFollow Steve's socials: Instagram | LinkedIn | YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | TikTokSupport the show on Patreon:As much as we love doing it, there are costs involved and any contribution will allow us to keep going and keep finding the best guests in the world to share their health expertise with you. I'd be grateful and feel so blessed by your support: https://www.patreon.com/MadeToThriveShowSend me a WhatsApp to +27 64 871 0308. Disclaimer: Please see the link for our disclaimer policy for all of our content: https://madetothrive.co.za/terms-and-conditions-and-privacy-policy/

Interview with Jiyoung Ahn, PhD, author of Oral Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Subsequent Risk for Pancreatic Cancer. Hosted by Vivek Subbiah, MD. Related Content: Oral Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Subsequent Risk for Pancreatic Cancer

Interview with Jiyoung Ahn, PhD, author of Oral Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Subsequent Risk for Pancreatic Cancer. Hosted by Vivek Subbiah, MD. Related Content: Oral Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Subsequent Risk for Pancreatic Cancer

Calc Dooku. Square Day. I don't like Bacterial Slurreeeeeeeee! Fart Blood On A White Wall. Divatude. Sundance Sundown. Word To Your Mother. Doku Doku Panic. Photo Blue is a Magical Thing. Rundle Fly. Respool Me by Ed Sheeran. Crawl space man. You Have To Cut The Car In Half. Concentrated dark matter turd. Kids Love Floor Chocolate with Bill and more on this episode of The Morning Stream. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Calc Dooku. Square Day. I don't like Bacterial Slurreeeeeeeee! Fart Blood On A White Wall. Divatude. Sundance Sundown. Word To Your Mother. Doku Doku Panic. Photo Blue is a Magical Thing. Rundle Fly. Respool Me by Ed Sheeran. Crawl space man. You Have To Cut The Car In Half. Concentrated dark matter turd. Kids Love Floor Chocolate with Bill and more on this episode of The Morning Stream. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Don’t open Pandoraea’s box! Who knows what you’ll unleash!

Send us a textWelcome back Rounds Table Listeners! Today we have a solo episode with Dr. Mike Fralick. This week, he discusses a throwback trial of dexamethasone in adults with acute bacterial meningitis. Here we go!Dexamethasone in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis (0:00 – 11:19).Questions? Comments? Feedback? We'd love to hear from you! @roundstable @InternAtWork @MedicinePods

What happens when a preventable infection takes the life of someone you love? In this episode, Christian John Lillis shares the heartbreaking story of losing his mom to C. difficile, a bacterial infection, and how that loss inspired his mission to fight back. He talks about what everyone needs to know about C. diff: the warning signs, how it spreads, the importance of early treatment and steps we can all take to prevent it becoming more serious. This is more than a story of loss—it's a call to action for awareness, advocacy and protecting our loved ones. Lindsey Parsons, your host, helps clients solve gut issues and reverse autoimmune disease naturally. Take her quiz to see which stool or functional medicine test will help you find out what's wrong. She's a Certified Health Coach at High Desert Health in Tucson, Arizona. She coaches clients locally and nationwide. You can also follow Lindsey on Facebook, Tiktok, X, Instagram or Pinterest or reach her via email at lindsey@highdeserthealthcoaching.com to set up your free 30-minute Gut Healing Breakthrough Session. Show Notes

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DNbmdYeNGc3/This bacterium can cause serious and potentially life-threatening infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The affected products include over-the-counter antiseptic lotion soaps, external analgesics, antimicrobial foam soaps, and antiseptic cleansers.  The affected lots are listed in the FDA's recall announcement at https://miniurl.com/DermariteAlertThe recalled products were sold nationwide in the United States and in Puerto Rico.Stop using these contaminated products immediately.  Check to see if your products are affected.  If so,  return them to the place of purchase for a refund.  For questions, call 1-973-569-9000 extension 104 or email voluntary.action@dermarite.com.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/dermarite-industries-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-dermakleen-dermasarra-kleenfoam-and#dermarite #dermakleen #dermsarra #kleenfoam #perigiene #burkholderia #infection #recall

Did you know that the best diets for your gut healing depend on your gut type? After years of helping clients through various gut treatments, I've found that the best foods need to be tailored specifically to SIBO, candida or histamine intolerant-prone microbiomes. In this episode, I'll identify your gut type and give you the top diet plan to help you heal.    ✅Start healing with us! Learn more about our virtual clinic:  https://drruscio.com/virtual-clinic/  

On episode #86 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel reviews the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 7/22 – 8/1/25. Host: Daniel Griffin Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral Long-term clinical sequelae among Sudan ebolavirus disease survivors 2 years post-infection (BMC Medicine) Bacterial War on AMR: High MDR carriage rates among war-injured Ukrainian refugees (CMI: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Oral washes and tongue swabs for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra-based tuberculosis diagnosis in people with and without the ability to make sputum (CID) Fungal The Last of US Season 2 (YouTube) Progression from Candida auris Colonization Screening to Clinical Case Status, United States, 2016–2023 (CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases) Regional Emergence of Candida auris in Chicago and Lessons Learned From Intensive Follow-up at 1 Ventilator-Capable Skilled Nursing Facility (CID) Infection Control Guidance: Candida auris (CDC: Candida auris) Twice Weekly Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim for Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Lung Transplant Recipients(Transplant Infectious Disease) Parasitic Toxoplasma gondii infection of neurons alters the production and content of extracellular vesicles directing astrocyte phenotype and contributing to the loss of GLT-1 in the infected brain (PLoS Pathogens) Baylisascariasis (Raccoon Roundworm Infection) in Two Unrelated Children  (CDC: MMWR) Miscellaneous A Review of Alpha Gal Syndrome for the Infectious Diseases Practitioner (OFID) Music is by Ronald Jenkees Information on this podcast should not be considered as medical advice.

Four crew members are joined by several strains of disease-causing bacteria for their journey to the ISS. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode, Sharon sits down with Natalie Earl, a functional nutritionist and founder of Nutrition with Confidence, to unpack how gut health, nervous system regulation, and ancestral eating can help reverse chronic illness—especially when conventional medicine falls short.Natalie shares her own story of recovery from eczema, PMS, and autoimmune symptoms, and how it led her to embrace functional medicine, deep gut healing, and food-based protocols. They dive into:-The GAPS protocol & healing the gut lining-How food sensitivities are a symptom, not the root cause-Strategic use of organ meats & meat stocks-Bacterial balance: good vs. opportunistic bacteria-Why sugar cravings could signal dysbiosis-Tools for nervous system healing (limbic retraining, breathwork, somatics)-How Natalie blends ancestral wisdom with modern lab testing

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DME8nivtphT/This cough syrup has Bacillus cereus contamination.  This bug can cause nausea, vomiting, cramps, or diarrhea, and, in rare cases with exposure to high levels, it can be life-threatening. Affected lot numbers are 0039, 0545, 0640, 0450, and 1198, with expiration dates ranging from November 2025 to December 2026.About five lots of this cough syrup were sold nationwide between December 14, 2022 and June 4, 2025.Immediately stop giving this recalled cough syrup to your children.  Return it to the place of purchase for a refund. For questions or refund requests, contact Medtech Products at 1-800-754-8853 or via the email medicalaffairs@prestigebrands.com.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/medtech-products-inc-issues-nationwide-recall-little-remediesr-honey-cough-syrup-due-microbial#medtech #littleremedies #coughsyrup #bacteria #contamination #recall

If you've been diagnosed with endometriosis, the big question is: What type of lesions?In this episode, Lara challenges long-held assumptions to explore:the three types of endometriosis lesions, emerging evidence that superficial lesions may not explain pain or other symptoms, alternative explanations for pelvic pain and infertility, including pelvic congestion, immune dysfunction, and gut microbiome imbalance, and an update on the bacterial contamination hypothesis.Links:Could pelvic congestion syndrome explain your pelvic pain?Prevalence of endometriosis in asymptomatic women (1991 study)Surgical removal of superficial peritoneal endometriosis for managing women with chronic pelvic pain: time for a rethink? (2019 BJOG article)Bacterial contamination hypothesis (2018 paper)Fusobacterium infection facilitates the development of endometriosis (2023 paper)ANZCA 2024 Statement on pelvic pain and endometriosis 

Some bacteria can survive extreme conditions by forming spores and entering a state of suspended animation for decades. They even produce special proteins to protect their DNA from ultraviolet radiation. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1232/29

Do you keep relapsing after treating candida, SIBO or other conditions? The culprit behind these never-ending cycles may be biofilms. In this episode, I'll explain how biofilms form, help you identify signs that you have them, and recommend the best antibiofilm agents. Tune in!   Learn more about biofilms and improve your gut now! Reach out to our virtual clinic: https://drruscio.com/virtual-clinic/