Podcasts about steinacher

THE VATICAN ARCHIVES 1. The Chief Exorcist of the Vatican Performed 100,000+ Exorcisms Although exorcism is believed to be a practice only seen in horror movies and is the Middle Ages, the practice continues to be alive in the Catholic Church. Father Gabriele Amorth is a late Priest and served as the chief exorcist of the Vatican. He served for 60 years, and is believed to have performed approximately 160,000 exorcisms. The exorcism rite, however, is not just limited to the late chief exorcist. It has been performed by various Popes over the years. In 2018, BBC reported that the Vatican welcomed 250 priests from across the world to an annual workshop. 2. The Vatican Helped Nazi War Criminals Escape the Allied Forces After the victory of the Allied Forces in Germany to end World War II, the Nazis were forced to seek refuge outside Europe. Thousands of Nazis managed to escape to South American countries, specifically Argentina, Chile, and Brazil. Harvard researcher Gerald Steinacher wrote a book that shows travel documents pointing to the Vatican having helped the Nazis travel to these countries. Steinacher argues that it was done with the hope of reviving European Christianity and fear of the growing influence of the Soviet Union. The Vatican, however, has refused to comment on these claims. 3. The Vatican Made Money from the Holocaust In addition to aiding the escape of thousands of Nazis from Europe, the Vatican was also involved in helping smuggle Nazi looted art, golf, and other property belonging to Jewish families.  Gerald Posner, an American journalist, says that Bernardino Nogara, the financial advisor to the Vatican is believed to have been one of Nazi spies. He is believed to have instituted a horrifying scheme that allowed the Vatican to invest money in Italian insurance companies that kept the assets from the life insurance plans of the murdered Jewish families. Since the Vatican was an investor and not a direct insurer, they did not need to return any of the money made using the scheme. 4. Scandals of the Vatican Bank The Vatican Bank, also called the Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR) has been involved in numerous scandals.  The most controversial is their dealing with Hitler. Gerald Posner, a historian, points out that the Vatican received Church Tax from Hitler every year.  A substantial amount of money was paid to the IOR, so that it cannot be tracked by western banks. The IOR was used to store billions of dollars, the details of which have never been publicly revealed. 5. Vatileaks A book named ‘His Holiness' was released in 2012, which is based on the leaked secret papers of Pope Benedict. The private documents were leaked by Benedict XVI's own butler to the author, Gianluigi Nuzzi. After reviewing these documents, an internal investigation was held. The investigation revealed that individuals who were not from the Vaitcan were blackmailing gay bishops since they had broken their celibacy vows. Pope Benedict CVI went on to resign from the Papacy in 2013 due to this scandal.  6. The Apostolic Penitentiary The Apostolic Penitentiary is a secret tribunal that investigates so-called ‘heinous' crimes of individuals. It was supposedly found in 1179, and was kept secret until 2009. Only the pope can grant absolution to people brought to this tribunal. Examples of sins include attempting to assassinate the pope, a priest exposing the sin or identity of a person who has confessed to them, and so on. The pope acts as the head of this tribunal, and is called the Major Penitentiary, and can either offer absolution, or let the automatic excommunication stand.  7. Dead Man on Trial In 897 AD, the Catholic Church put a dead man on trial. Known as the 'Cadaver Synod,' the posthumous trial of Pope Formosus was held by Pope Stephen VI, his successor. Formosus was accused of usurping the papacy,  despite being dead for 7 months by that point. The body of the pope was exhumed, dressed in ecclesiastical attire, and brought to the papal court for judgment. A deacon was even appointed to speak on the dead Pope's behalf. He was found guilty; all his acts as pope was declared null and void; his body was stripped off the garments and dressed in rags; his three fingers of benediction were cut off and his body was cast into River Tiber, where ancient Romans disposed off their infamous criminals for centuries.   Conspiracy Theories About the Vatican's Secret Archives 1. Jesus Does Not Exist There are reports that the Archives contain communication between Emperor Nero and Saint Paul regarding the existence of Jesus. Some clergy believe that the Vatican is hiding proof that Jesus Christ did not exist.  2. Evidence of Extraterrestrial Life Rumors suggest that the Vatican holds proof of the existence of extraterrestrial life, in the form of extraterrestrial skulls. Some sources say that the Archives contain proof that the pope is conspiring extraterrestrial beings to implant everyone on Earth with computer chips.  3. Three Secrets of Fatima The controversial Third Secret of Fatima is believed to be a secret document hidden within the Archives. In 1917, three children from Portugal received prophecies, one of which was witnessed by thousands of people. The supposed suppression of this Third Secret fueled rumors that its contents were regarding a nuclear holocaust, natural disaster, and so on. The release of the contents of this Secret in 2000 did not do much to quell speculation.  4. Home to the Largest Collection of Pornography Some conspiracy theorists believe that the Vatican Archives contain the largest collection of pornography in the world. Copenhagen's Museum of Erotica confirms these speculations, in addition to writings by National Review founder William Buckley Jr, and scholar Camilla Paglia.  5. They are Controlled by the Illuminati Some people believe that despite their dissolution in the medieval times, the Illuminati has solely built itself up, with its members placed in some of the most powerful positions across the world. One such powerful office is the Vatican, where many of its prominent members are believed to be part of the Illuminati.  6. It is Home to a Time Machine Believed to have been built by an Italian scientist and priest, Father Pellegrino Maria Ernetti, the Chronovisor is a device that apparently allows people to view the future and past. Although there is no record of such a device, some people believe it is hidden somewhere in the Archives.

Für die 27. Folge des NucTalk-Podcasts haben wir Martin Steinacher an seinem Arbeitsort besucht. Er ist Leiter der Abteilung Maschinentechnik im Kernkraftwerk Beznau und erzählt uns, wie eine Jahresrevision abläuft und was es dabei zu beachten gilt. Wir reden mit ihm übers Alter und hören, wie eines der erfahrensten Kernkraftwerke der Welt mit umsichtigem Alterungsmanagement fit gehalten wird. Mehr über das Kernkraftwerk Beznau und zum Thema Revisionen erfahren Sie auf www.nuklearforum.ch.

Die erfolgreichsten Sommersportler, die Österreich je hatte, sprechen über das erste Mal Kentern und über die Silvesternacht, die sie zum Duo machte. Sie verraten, wie man sich als Außenseiter durchsetzt – und inwiefern sich Segeln und Schach ähnlich sind.

Stefan Steinacher ist die "Stimme" in den Zielräumen bei den alpinen und nordischen Ski-Veranstaltungen in Österreich. Doch er ist viel mehr als nur eine "Stimme" - er schafft es Menschen in seinen Bann zu ziehen und zaubert ihnen ein Lächeln ins Gesicht - was in Zeiten einer Pandemie ein absoluter Mehrwert ist! In einem intimen Gespräch, verrät Stefan uns, wo er seine Energie tankt und verrät uns von seinem psychischen Einbruch, der ihn verändert hat. Hol dir außerdem mit dem Rabattcode "OMNI10" 10% Rabatt auf deine nächste Bestellung im Bergzeit-Onlineshop: https://www.bergzeit.de

Stefan Steinacher ist die "Stimme" in den Zielräumen bei den alpinen und nordischen Ski-Veranstaltungen in Österreich. Doch er ist viel mehr als nur eine "Stimme" - er schafft es Menschen in seinen Bann zu ziehen und zaubert ihnen ein Lächeln ins Gesicht - was in Zeiten einer Pandemie ein absoluter Mehrwert ist! In einem intimen Gespräch, verrät Stefan uns, wo er seine Energie tankt und verrät uns von seinem psychischen Einbruch, der ihn verändert hat. Hol dir außerdem mit dem Rabattcode "OMNI10" 10% Rabatt auf deine nächste Bestellung im Bergzeit-Onlineshop: https://www.bergzeit.de

Podcast-Folge #30 – Mit dem Verein “Es tut nicht weh” wandert der Müll vom Berg ins Tal – Interview mit Renate Steinacher Der Verein "Es tut nicht weh" sorgt dafür, dass der Müll vom Berg ins Tal wandert, leistet Aufklärungsarbeit und will das Bewusstseinsspektrum der Menschen in Sachen Nachhaltigkeit erweitern. Im Interview spricht Renate Steinacher (Gründerin des Vereins) über das Müllproblem – vor allem am Berg – erklärt uns, warum Bananenschalen, Zigarettenstummel und Papiertaschentücher nichts in der Natur zu suchen haben und gibt uns interessante Denkanstöße mit auf dem Weg, wie wir selbst Müll vermeiden können und wie wir Umweltsünder ohne erhobenen Zeigefinger aufklären können. Du willst beim Crowdlauf "Love For Trails" mit dabei sein? Hier geht's zur Anmeldung: https://crowdlauf.de/virtual-runs/love-for-trails/ Mit dem Rabattcode "Runskills10" sparst du 10 % auf deine Anmeldung. Folge runskills in den Sozialen Netzwerken"Es tut nicht weh" auf Instagram"Es tut nicht weh" auf FacebookWebsite von "Es tut nicht weh" Folge runskills in den Sozialen Netzwerken runskills auf Instagramrunskills auf Facebookrunskills auf Pinterestrunskills auf iTunes Wenn dir der runskills-Podcast gefällt … … dann freuen wir uns, wenn du uns auf iTunes 5-Sterne gibst und einen Kommentar hinterlässt. Damit unterstützt du unsere Arbeit und wir können in Zukunft weitere Inhalte für dich produzieren. Geht superschnell, kostet dich nichts und gleichzeitig hilfst du uns damit! Vielen Dank schon mal an dieser Stelle für deinen Support! Abonniere den runskills-Podcast: auf iTunesbei Spotify

Der Erfolg von Sport Österreich mit Suchmaschinen Marketing: Ein Interview mit Markus Steinacher Wie kann man heutzutage seine Branchenkenntnisse nutzen um erfolgreich im Suchmaschinen Marketing zu werden? Sport Österreich ist ein Online Magazin für Trendsportarten in Österreich. Gemeinsam mit dem Gründer Markus Steinacher, reden wir in diesem Interview über die Entstehung von Sport Österreich und vor allem über den Erfolg. Denn Markus hat es geschafft mit Suchmaschinen Marketing ein führendes Online Magazin aufzubauen. Zwar ist Markus auch gleichzeitig SEO Experte. Doch in diesem Interview verrät uns Markus, dass der Erfolg von Sport Österreich nichts mit Suchmaschinen Marketing Kenntnissen zu tun hat. Vielmehr get es um Leidenschaft, Branchenkenntnisse, Menschenverstand und Ehrlichkeit. Das heißt das Wissen, welches ihr bereits habt in die Online Welt zu übertragen. Was er damit genau meint und wie ihr das für Euch umsetzen könnt, darüber mehr in diesem Interview. Es ist ein sehr spannendes und ehrliches Interview geworden! Lasst Euch inspirieren wie Markus mit Online Marketing Aktivitäten ein führendes Online Magazin aufgebaut hat! Das Video zum Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhR4tcLtXWc&t=19s Besucht gerne auch die Website von "Sport Österreich" und lasst Euch inspirieren über Trendsportarten in Österreich: https://www.sport-oesterreich.at Viel Spaß beim hören! -Serhat www.serhatklc.com

Anna Steinacher und Patrick Kofler sind Unternehmer und die Gründer der DDM, einer Website- und Branding-Agentur mit Sitz in Niederösterreich. Ihre Expertise haben die beiden unter anderem bei der Unterstützung für die Lehrveranstaltung Website Design und Content Marketing im Rahmen des MBA Digital Marketing und Data Management unter Beweis gestellt. Mittlerweile betreuen sie mit ihrem Team namhafte Kunden – nicht nur in Österreich. Gemeinsam sprechen wir über Branding, was gute Websites ausmacht und welche Trends man als Marketingverantwortlicher keinesfalls aus den Augen verlieren sollte. Darüber hinaus erzählen uns Anna und Patrick über die Start-Up-Szene in Österreich, was sie zur Gründung bewogen hat und wohin die Reise für sie gehen wird. Mehr Infos zu den digitalen Weiterbildungen der E-Learning Group: https://fernstudium.study/ Mehr Infos zum ELG Podcast: https://fernstudium.study/podcast/

In this episode of the podcast, we have an interview with Dr. Mark Steinacher. Mark is an assistant professor of history at Tyndale University College. […]

AgriGold central Illinois regional agronomist, Todd Steinacher, provides boots-on-the-ground insights to growers preparing for 2017 planting. “Anytime we put seed into soil, we really need to understand the conditions we’re putting it into and making it live through,” explains Steinacher. Growers need to consider soil temperature, soil moisture, and tillage practices as they ready the planter this spring. Be cautious of weather forecasts, “If we continue to see a cool, wet trend – don’t push it,” says Steinacher. Less than ideal soil conditions could lead to bigger problems down the road. And Todd recommends growers consider agronomic solutions to offset those factors that are out of your hands. CCA Todd Steinacher is an agronomist at AgriGold. He works with growers to better manage their nitrogen and weed control needs, along with understanding the best way to estimate cost to generate a strong ROI.

When I was a kid I loved movies about Nazis who had escaped justice after the war. There was “The Marathon Man” (“Oh, don’t worry. I’m not going into that cavity. That nerve’s already dying.”). There was “The Boys from Brazil” (“The right Hitler for the right future! A Hitler tailor-made for the 1980s, 90s, 2000!”). And there was “The ODESSA File” (“Germany believes she doesn’t need us now…but one day she’ll know that she does!”). “The ODESSA File” was my favorite because it explained what really happened, how the evil Nazis formed a super-secret group (Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angeheorigen) to get themselves out of Germany so they could one day return to power. The trouble is that’s not what happened at all. In fact, there was no ODESSA. In 1947, someone tricked Nazi-hunter Simon Weisenthal into believing “ODESSA” existed (he was quite willing to be tricked). Then Fredrick Forsyth amplified the myth in his book “The ODESSA File” (1972). Then Hollywood gave the story the full Hollywood treatment in movie “The ODESSA File” (1974). Hollywood tricked me into believing it existed (I was quite willing to be tricked). If you want to know the truth about how the Nazis got away, read Gerald Steinacher remarkably thorough Nazis on the Run: How Hitler’s Henchmen Fled Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011). He shows that there was a sort of conspiracy to get the Nazis out, it just wasn’t very conspiratorial. Even before the war the Nazis (and the SS particularly) were thinking about how to get away from the crumbling Reich. They talked to one an other, made contacts abroad, and traded tips. After some experimenting with various routes, they determined one was far and away most effective: through Austria, into Italy, and then overseas. They had a lot of help. Some of it was for hire, for example in South Tyrol where a kind of Nazi-smuggling industry arose. Some was gratis, for example that offered by a German bishop in Rome. Add some bungling by the International Red Cross, some skullduggery by the OSS, some complicity by foreign powers (e.g., Argentina) seeking German “experts,” and–just like that–the “Ratlines” were clear and known to anyone paying attention. Steinacher shows that no ODESSA-like organization was necessary for the Nazis to escape. All they had to do was follow the well-trodden, clearly marked path that lead away from justice in Europe and into safety abroad. That’s more disturbing than ODESSA.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When I was a kid I loved movies about Nazis who had escaped justice after the war. There was “The Marathon Man” (“Oh, don’t worry. I’m not going into that cavity. That nerve’s already dying.”). There was “The Boys from Brazil” (“The right Hitler for the right future! A Hitler tailor-made for the 1980s, 90s, 2000!”). And there was “The ODESSA File” (“Germany believes she doesn’t need us now…but one day she’ll know that she does!”). “The ODESSA File” was my favorite because it explained what really happened, how the evil Nazis formed a super-secret group (Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angeheorigen) to get themselves out of Germany so they could one day return to power. The trouble is that’s not what happened at all. In fact, there was no ODESSA. In 1947, someone tricked Nazi-hunter Simon Weisenthal into believing “ODESSA” existed (he was quite willing to be tricked). Then Fredrick Forsyth amplified the myth in his book “The ODESSA File” (1972). Then Hollywood gave the story the full Hollywood treatment in movie “The ODESSA File” (1974). Hollywood tricked me into believing it existed (I was quite willing to be tricked). If you want to know the truth about how the Nazis got away, read Gerald Steinacher remarkably thorough Nazis on the Run: How Hitler’s Henchmen Fled Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011). He shows that there was a sort of conspiracy to get the Nazis out, it just wasn’t very conspiratorial. Even before the war the Nazis (and the SS particularly) were thinking about how to get away from the crumbling Reich. They talked to one an other, made contacts abroad, and traded tips. After some experimenting with various routes, they determined one was far and away most effective: through Austria, into Italy, and then overseas. They had a lot of help. Some of it was for hire, for example in South Tyrol where a kind of Nazi-smuggling industry arose. Some was gratis, for example that offered by a German bishop in Rome. Add some bungling by the International Red Cross, some skullduggery by the OSS, some complicity by foreign powers (e.g., Argentina) seeking German “experts,” and–just like that–the “Ratlines” were clear and known to anyone paying attention. Steinacher shows that no ODESSA-like organization was necessary for the Nazis to escape. All they had to do was follow the well-trodden, clearly marked path that lead away from justice in Europe and into safety abroad. That’s more disturbing than ODESSA.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When I was a kid I loved movies about Nazis who had escaped justice after the war. There was “The Marathon Man” (“Oh, don’t worry. I’m not going into that cavity. That nerve’s already dying.”). There was “The Boys from Brazil” (“The right Hitler for the right future! A Hitler tailor-made for the 1980s, 90s, 2000!”). And there was “The ODESSA File” (“Germany believes she doesn’t need us now…but one day she’ll know that she does!”). “The ODESSA File” was my favorite because it explained what really happened, how the evil Nazis formed a super-secret group (Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angeheorigen) to get themselves out of Germany so they could one day return to power. The trouble is that’s not what happened at all. In fact, there was no ODESSA. In 1947, someone tricked Nazi-hunter Simon Weisenthal into believing “ODESSA” existed (he was quite willing to be tricked). Then Fredrick Forsyth amplified the myth in his book “The ODESSA File” (1972). Then Hollywood gave the story the full Hollywood treatment in movie “The ODESSA File” (1974). Hollywood tricked me into believing it existed (I was quite willing to be tricked). If you want to know the truth about how the Nazis got away, read Gerald Steinacher remarkably thorough Nazis on the Run: How Hitler’s Henchmen Fled Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011). He shows that there was a sort of conspiracy to get the Nazis out, it just wasn’t very conspiratorial. Even before the war the Nazis (and the SS particularly) were thinking about how to get away from the crumbling Reich. They talked to one an other, made contacts abroad, and traded tips. After some experimenting with various routes, they determined one was far and away most effective: through Austria, into Italy, and then overseas. They had a lot of help. Some of it was for hire, for example in South Tyrol where a kind of Nazi-smuggling industry arose. Some was gratis, for example that offered by a German bishop in Rome. Add some bungling by the International Red Cross, some skullduggery by the OSS, some complicity by foreign powers (e.g., Argentina) seeking German “experts,” and–just like that–the “Ratlines” were clear and known to anyone paying attention. Steinacher shows that no ODESSA-like organization was necessary for the Nazis to escape. All they had to do was follow the well-trodden, clearly marked path that lead away from justice in Europe and into safety abroad. That’s more disturbing than ODESSA.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lecture 1: Model predictions of the response of ocean physical and biological processes to climate change I will summarize the main physical changes predicted by global warming models for the rest of this century and how we expect those changes to impact both lower trophic and upper trophic level processes in the ocean. I will discuss empirical as well as ecosystem model approaches for predicting the biological response and examine how the model simulations compare with estimates of chlorophyll and primary production based on ocean color observations. A major emphasis of the discussion will be on interannual as well as intra and inter‐model variability. Lecture 2: Detection of trends in ocean color data I will briefly review recent studies attempting to use ocean color products to detect climate trends then examine how variability such as that identified by the model simulations affects our ability to detect long‐term trends in the observations. Bibliography Sarmiento, J. et al. (2004), Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18(GB3003), doi:1029/2003GB002134. Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T. Frölicher, L. Bopp, P. Cadule, S. Doney, M. Gehlen, B. Schneider, and J. Segschneider (2010), Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi‐model analysis, Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005. !!!!!!!!Cours 2!!!!!!! Henson, S., J. Sarmiento, J. Dunne, L. Bopp, I. Lima, S. Doney, J. John, and C. Beaulieu (2010), Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity, Biogeosciences, 7, 621–640.

Lecture 1: Model predictions of the response of ocean physical and biological processes to climate change I will summarize the main physical changes predicted by global warming models for the rest of this century and how we expect those changes to impact both lower trophic and upper trophic level processes in the ocean. I will discuss empirical as well as ecosystem model approaches for predicting the biological response and examine how the model simulations compare with estimates of chlorophyll and primary production based on ocean color observations. A major emphasis of the discussion will be on interannual as well as intra and inter‐model variability. Lecture 2: Detection of trends in ocean color data I will briefly review recent studies attempting to use ocean color products to detect climate trends then examine how variability such as that identified by the model simulations affects our ability to detect long‐term trends in the observations. Bibliography Sarmiento, J. et al. (2004), Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18(GB3003), doi:1029/2003GB002134. Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T. Frölicher, L. Bopp, P. Cadule, S. Doney, M. Gehlen, B. Schneider, and J. Segschneider (2010), Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi‐model analysis, Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005. !!!!!!!!Cours 2!!!!!!! Henson, S., J. Sarmiento, J. Dunne, L. Bopp, I. Lima, S. Doney, J. John, and C. Beaulieu (2010), Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity, Biogeosciences, 7, 621–640.

When I was a kid I loved movies about Nazis who had escaped justice after the war. There was “The Marathon Man” (“Oh, don’t worry. I’m not going into that cavity. That nerve’s already dying.”). There was “The Boys from Brazil” (“The right Hitler for the right future! A Hitler tailor-made for the 1980s, 90s, 2000!”). And there was “The ODESSA File” (“Germany believes she doesn’t need us now…but one day she’ll know that she does!”). “The ODESSA File” was my favorite because it explained what really happened, how the evil Nazis formed a super-secret group (Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angeheorigen) to get themselves out of Germany so they could one day return to power. The trouble is that’s not what happened at all. In fact, there was no ODESSA. In 1947, someone tricked Nazi-hunter Simon Weisenthal into believing “ODESSA” existed (he was quite willing to be tricked). Then Fredrick Forsyth amplified the myth in his book “The ODESSA File” (1972). Then Hollywood gave the story the full Hollywood treatment in movie “The ODESSA File” (1974). Hollywood tricked me into believing it existed (I was quite willing to be tricked). If you want to know the truth about how the Nazis got away, read Gerald Steinacher remarkably thorough Nazis on the Run: How Hitler’s Henchmen Fled Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011). He shows that there was a sort of conspiracy to get the Nazis out, it just wasn’t very conspiratorial. Even before the war the Nazis (and the SS particularly) were thinking about how to get away from the crumbling Reich. They talked to one an other, made contacts abroad, and traded tips. After some experimenting with various routes, they determined one was far and away most effective: through Austria, into Italy, and then overseas. They had a lot of help. Some of it was for hire, for example in South Tyrol where a kind of Nazi-smuggling industry arose. Some was gratis, for example that offered by a German bishop in Rome. Add some bungling by the International Red Cross, some skullduggery by the OSS, some complicity by foreign powers (e.g., Argentina) seeking German “experts,” and–just like that–the “Ratlines” were clear and known to anyone paying attention. Steinacher shows that no ODESSA-like organization was necessary for the Nazis to escape. All they had to do was follow the well-trodden, clearly marked path that lead away from justice in Europe and into safety abroad. That’s more disturbing than ODESSA.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When I was a kid I loved movies about Nazis who had escaped justice after the war. There was “The Marathon Man” (“Oh, don't worry. I'm not going into that cavity. That nerve's already dying.”). There was “The Boys from Brazil” (“The right Hitler for the right future! A Hitler tailor-made for the 1980s, 90s, 2000!”). And there was “The ODESSA File” (“Germany believes she doesn't need us now…but one day she'll know that she does!”). “The ODESSA File” was my favorite because it explained what really happened, how the evil Nazis formed a super-secret group (Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angeheorigen) to get themselves out of Germany so they could one day return to power. The trouble is that's not what happened at all. In fact, there was no ODESSA. In 1947, someone tricked Nazi-hunter Simon Weisenthal into believing “ODESSA” existed (he was quite willing to be tricked). Then Fredrick Forsyth amplified the myth in his book “The ODESSA File” (1972). Then Hollywood gave the story the full Hollywood treatment in movie “The ODESSA File” (1974). Hollywood tricked me into believing it existed (I was quite willing to be tricked). If you want to know the truth about how the Nazis got away, read Gerald Steinacher remarkably thorough Nazis on the Run: How Hitler's Henchmen Fled Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011). He shows that there was a sort of conspiracy to get the Nazis out, it just wasn't very conspiratorial. Even before the war the Nazis (and the SS particularly) were thinking about how to get away from the crumbling Reich. They talked to one an other, made contacts abroad, and traded tips. After some experimenting with various routes, they determined one was far and away most effective: through Austria, into Italy, and then overseas. They had a lot of help. Some of it was for hire, for example in South Tyrol where a kind of Nazi-smuggling industry arose. Some was gratis, for example that offered by a German bishop in Rome. Add some bungling by the International Red Cross, some skullduggery by the OSS, some complicity by foreign powers (e.g., Argentina) seeking German “experts,” and–just like that–the “Ratlines” were clear and known to anyone paying attention. Steinacher shows that no ODESSA-like organization was necessary for the Nazis to escape. All they had to do was follow the well-trodden, clearly marked path that lead away from justice in Europe and into safety abroad. That's more disturbing than ODESSA.