Podcasts about Detection

Kayla Fratt chats with Liza Rothkoff- a 3rd year PhD student at Texas Tech in the K9 olfaction lab- about her most recent paper, "A preliminary study on the impacts of exercise intensity and duration on gastrointestinal temperature and odor detection performance of dogs". They discuss dog selection, study design, results, and what Liza hopes handlers will be able to take from the study. Read the full study here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126000614Host: Kayla FrattEditor: Sara FangtonSci-comm intern: Evelyn CombsGuest logistics: Brooke Schoeder Website: Meg du BrayPatreon: Madison David

Light is something we encounter every day, so familiar that it rarely inspires a second thought. Yet beneath its apparent simplicity lies a remarkable complexity. Light can carry information in its brightness and color, but also in its polarization and phase, subtle properties that describe how its waves oscillate and interact. For decades, these hidden dimensions of light have remained largely untapped in medicine. Now, a growing body of research is beginning to reveal their extraordinary potential.

Screwworms are a growing threat, so we're getting the facts straight from Dr. Sonja Swiger, entomologist at Texas A&M. Then, we'll talk with Danish vet Dr. Karsten Key about a brilliant new app designed to catch lameness early. Stick around for that, plus a dose of weird news!HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3969 – Show Notes and Links:Hosts: Jamie Jennings of Flyover Farm & Glenn the GeekJamie and Glenn's Amazon StoreTitle Sponsor: Chewy Equine and Endure Gold Killer Fly & Mosquito ControlPicture Credit: RealHorseGuest: Dr. Karsten Key on the app RealHorseGuest: Dr. Sonja Swiger, Entomologist and professor in the Department of Entomology at Texas A&MSpalding Labs Fly Predators Coupon: HRN10 for 10% off your first order.Additional support for this podcast provided by: , Equine Network and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:00:50 - Screwworm outbreak overview04:45 - Vet explains screwworm prevention07:46 - Daily Whinnies21:16 - Interview: Dr. Kay's Realhorse lameness app41:38 - Replay: Dr. Swiger on New World screwworms53:17 - This Day in Equine History 57:34 - Jamie's Weird News

Screwworms are a growing threat, so we're getting the facts straight from Dr. Sonja Swiger, entomologist at Texas A&M. Then, we'll talk with Danish vet Dr. Karsten Key about a brilliant new app designed to catch lameness early. Stick around for that, plus a dose of weird news!HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3969 – Show Notes and Links:Hosts: Jamie Jennings of Flyover Farm & Glenn the GeekJamie and Glenn's Amazon StoreTitle Sponsor: Chewy Equine and Endure Gold Killer Fly & Mosquito ControlPicture Credit: RealHorseGuest: Dr. Karsten Key on the app RealHorseGuest: Dr. Sonja Swiger, Entomologist and professor in the Department of Entomology at Texas A&MSpalding Labs Fly Predators Coupon: HRN10 for 10% off your first order.Additional support for this podcast provided by: , Equine Network and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:00:50 - Screwworm outbreak overview04:45 - Vet explains screwworm prevention07:46 - Daily Whinnies21:16 - Interview: Dr. Kay's Realhorse lameness app41:38 - Replay: Dr. Swiger on New World screwworms53:17 - This Day in Equine History 57:34 - Jamie's Weird News

The legal profession has long been defined as a high-performance environment characterized by competition and long hours. While dedication and hard work remain hallmarks of successful lawyers, there is a growing recognition of the tension between these professional demands and attorney mental health. Dean David Jaffe, Associate Dean for Student Affairs at American University, offers a unique perspective on this challenge, having co-piloted two national surveys on law student well-being.How to Earn CLE CreditMCLE certificates are eligible only for TalksOnLaw Premium or Podcast members. To earn credit, listen to the full program, note the verification code announced during the recording, then log in to your TalksOnLaw account to record attendance and download your certificate at www.TalksOnLaw.com/podcast.Approved for 1 hr of participatory California MCLE credit in the Competence (Prevention and Detection of Substance Abuse/Mental Health).

President Trump announced tariff reductions on certain agricultural and industrial equipment, and Americans are expected to have more meat and eggs available in the coming years.

A natural disaster designation allows the USDA to extend much-needed emergency credit to producers recovering from natural disasters through emergency loans, and Americans are expected to have more meat and eggs available in the coming years.

Dr. Linda Chu explores the latest radiology research shaping the future of Crohn's disease diagnosis and management, from revised imaging criteria for bowel strictures to emerging MR elastography techniques that better assess intestinal fibrosis. She also highlights advances in abbreviated MR enterography and practical MRI approaches for perianal fistulas, emphasizing how imaging innovation may improve patient outcomes and clinical decision making.   Revised Criterion for Identifying Small-Bowel Stricture in Crohn Disease at CT Enterography. Choi and Choi et al. Radiology 2026; 318(3):e253113.    MR Elastography Characterization of Biomechanical Properties to Enhance Enterographic Fibrosis Diagnosis. Chen and Wang et al. Radiology 2026; 318(2):e252429.    MR Elastography Biomarkers for Fibrosis in Crohn Disease Strictures. Qiu. Radiology 2026; 318(3):e250358.    Comparison of Conventional versus Abbreviated MR Enterography: Assessing Disease Activity and Complicationsin Crohn Disease. Rimola et al. Radiology 2026; 319(2):e252039.    How I Do It: MRI Approach to Perianal Fistulas. Stoker and Halligan. Radiology 2026; 319(2):e251909. 

Industry experts estimate synthetic identity fraud costs the financial industry as high as $95 billion a year, and the most damaging attacks pass every verification check without triggering a single alert.Tedd Huff, CEO of fintech advisory firm Voalyre and founder of Fintech Confidential, brings 25 years of payments and fraud infrastructure experience to a direct conversation with Hal Lonas, Chief Technology Officer of Trulioo, the identity verification platform trusted by Google, JP Morgan Payments, Stripe, Airbnb, and Meta.Lonas explains why detection rates hide more than they reveal, how fraudsters now add intentional imperfections to AI-generated deepfakes to beat detection systems, and why agentic commerce requires an entirely new verification layer beyond KYC and KYB. The conversation covers Trulioo's Know Your Agent (KYA) framework, the Digital Agent Passport, Google's Agent Payments Protocol (AP2), and the privacy regulation debate most compliance teams have not fully worked through.Find out more1️⃣ Ask your identity vendor for their false negative rate, not just their detection rate, and demand specific numbers.2️⃣ Build continuous monitoring into your post-onboarding workflow so your system is still watching on day 30, 60, and 90.3️⃣ Audit every automated decision model in your stack and document the logic before your next regulatory exam.4️⃣ Map your verification flow and tier friction based on real-time risk signals instead of running flat checks on every customer.5️⃣ Get your compliance and growth teams in the same room with a shared dashboard showing fraud loss rates and abandonment rates side by side.Guest:Hal Lonas LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hal-lonas-4555b1Hal Lonas X: https://x.com/hal_lonasCompany:Trulioo: https://www.trulioo.comFintech Confidential:Podcast: https://fintechconfidential.com/listenNotifications: https://fintechconfidential.com/accessLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/fintechconfidentialX: https://x.com/FTconfidentialInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/fintechconfidentialFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/fintechconfidentialSupporters:Under.io streamlines application and underwriting by digitizing PDFs for digital signature: under.io/FTCSkyflow is a zero trust data privacy vault delivered as an API, covering PCI, CCPA, GDPR, SOC 2, and beyond: skyflowsecure.comDFNS provides wallets as a service, API first, multi-chain, secured with MPC, used by Stripe, Fidelity, and others: fintechconfidential.com/dfnsHawk AI offers real-time payment screening, AML monitoring, and dynamic customer risk rating to reduce false positives: gethawk.comAbout:Hal Lonas is the Chief Technology Officer of Trulioo, where he leads technology strategy, product development, and engineering. He co-founded BrightCloud, a cloud-native threat intelligence company, and previously served as CTO at Webroot, Carbonite, and OpenText before joining Trulioo in 2021.Trulioo is a global identity verification platform operating across 195 countries, covering 14,000+ ID document types, 6,000+ watchlists, and 700 million business entities.Tedd Huff is CEO of Voalyre and founder of Fintech Confidential. The show is produced by DD3 Media and brings you the people, tech, and companies that change how you pay and get paid.Chapters: 00:00 Introduction01:28 Meet Trulioo CTO02:48 From Space to Security04:11 Dfns: Wallets as a Service (sponsor)05:32 Sleeper Accounts Explained08:33 False Negatives Metric11:43 Explainable Adaptive ML13:23 Deepfakes Raise Stakes15:03 Asymmetric Defense Signals17:51 Privacy Versus Safety21:25 Sky Flow: Building Fast and Secure (sponsor)22:27 Friction Based Risk24:16 Case Study ConsenSys26:04 Know Your Agent Future27:52 Agent Passport Checks32:43 Open Standards AP234:35 Are Defenders Losing36:05 Leader Advice Wrap40:37 Final Thoughts and Outro41:36 Hawk AI - Realtime Fraud Monitoring (sponsor)42:23 DisclaimerDisclaimer: The information provided in this episode is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, legal, or investment advice.#syntheticidentityfraud #identityverification #KYC #KYB #agenticcommerce #KnowYourAgent #deepfakedetection #fintechfraud #fraudprevention #AML #trulioo #AP2 #GoogleAP2 #AIfraud #fintechcompliance #fintechconfidential

Gov. Greg Abbott issued a statewide disaster declaration late last week after the New World screwworm was found in two calves in South Texas, according to The Dallas Morning News. Two cases have been identified in newborn calves in Zavala County, about 5.6 miles apart. The U.S. Department of Agriculture said a strike team was on site and that restrictions were in place to prevent the movement of cattle. “We have, in the past, prevented as well as eradicated this pest, and we can do it again,” Abbott said. The New World screwworm is a parasitic fly that lays eggs... Article Link

Join us for WWDC Macstock Expo PBS 185: Customising Bootstrap 5 with Sass (CSS) CES 2026: MIMO Detect Underground Utility Location Would Steve Enjoy a Stream Deck? CES 2026: GoveeLife Smart Ice Makers Support the Show Security Bits — 7 June 2026 Transcript of NC_2026_06_07 Join the Conversation: allison@podfeet.com podfeet.com/slack Support the Show: Patreon Donation Apple Pay or Credit Card one-time donation PayPal one-time donation Podfeet Podcasts Mugs at Zazzle NosillaCast 20th Anniversary Shirts Referral Links: Setapp - 1 month free for you and me 15% off Carbon Copy Cloner Wispr Flow - 1 month free for you PETLIBRO - 30% off for you and me Parallels Toolbox - 3 months free for you and me Learn through MacSparky Field Guides - 15% off for you and me Backblaze - One free month for me and you Eufy - $40 for me if you spend $200. Sadly nothing in it for you. PIA VPN - One month added to Paid Accounts for both of us CleanShot X - Earns me $25%, sorry nothing in it for you but my gratitude

President Donald Trump visited Wisconsin on Friday where he promised relief for farmers in the state. Plus, an energy company is using Artificial Intelligence cameras to look for wildfires in Wisconsin.

Recorded live at PSConfEU 2026, Andrew sits down with returning guest Miriam Wiesner, Senior Security Researcher at Microsoft, for a wide-ranging conversation on PowerShell security, cookie-based attacks, and the evolving threat landscape. Miriam walks through her two conference talks — one on Microsoft Teams session cookie hijacking (a follow-up to her 2025 Entra ID cookie talk, complete with Cookie Monster branding and actual handcuffs), and a joint session with Stéphane van Gulick on using Microsoft Defender's Live Response feature for incident investigation. The conversation also covers the current state of PowerShell security, why sophisticated attackers are moving away from PowerShell, and why defenders who haven't enabled script block logging and AMSI are leaving easy wins on the table. On top of the technical deep dive, Miriam and Andrew get into the human side of the conference community — nerves before presenting, imposter syndrome, and why showing up is already half the battle. Key Takeaways: Cookie-based identity attacks are an active and growing threat. Microsoft Teams, SharePoint, and OneDrive share session cookies, meaning a single cookie theft can give an attacker broad access across your organization's collaboration tools — no re-authentication required. Sophisticated threat actors are moving away from PowerShell specifically because its security features work. Script block logging, AMSI, and Constrained Language Mode make PowerShell activity highly visible and detectable. If your org hasn't enabled these, you're handing attackers an easy path. Visibility beats prevention. You can't prevent what you can't see. Detection through proper logging is not a consolation prize — it's a core security strategy, and Microsoft Defender's Live Response feature gives teams a powerful way to investigate isolated endpoints without needing RDP or PowerShell remoting enabled. Guest Bio: Miriam Wiesner is a Senior Security Research Program Manager at Microsoft with over 15 years of experience in IT security, penetration testing, and security automation. She works on research behind Microsoft Defender and Sentinel and is the creator of widely used open source PowerShell security tools EventList and JEAnalyzer. Miriam is a sought-after speaker at major security and PowerShell conferences including Black Hat, PSConfEU, and MITRE ATT&CK Workshops. She's also the author of "PowerShell Automation and Scripting for Cybersecurity," published by Packt. Her conference speaker career started at PSConfEU 2018 and she's been a fixture of the community ever since. Resource Links Miriam's 2025 Cookies talk - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xDcq0pPNPs Book – PowerShell Automation and Scripting for Cybersecurity (Packt): https://www.amazon.com/PowerShell-Automation-Scripting-Cybersecurity-Hacking/dp/1800566379 Miriam on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/miriamwiesner Miriam on X/Twitter: https://x.com/MiriamXyra Miriam's GitHub (EventList, JEAnalyzer, and more): https://github.com/miriamxyra Miriam's Website: https://miriamxyra.com Connect with Andrew: https://andrewpla.tech/links The PowerShell Podcast on YouTube: https://youtu.be/zxJOqcEwgWE  

Rusty Halvorson and Sarah Heinrich share the week's top stories in agriculture.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this sponsored Soap Box edition of the Risky Business podcast Patrick Gray chats with Edward Wu, founder of Dropzone, about what AI is doing to detection, response and the SOC more generally. Dropzone makes AI agents that conduct alert investigations in your SOC, but will the SOC as we know it even exist in the future? Ed has a deep expertise in SOC tech, having previously led AI/ML detection engineering at Extrahop. This interview is a fantastic look at what the future may bring for detection and response professionals. This episode is also available on YouTube Show notes

Continuing Scans for swagger.json https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Continuing+Scans+for+swaggerjson/33044/#comments Fake call detection on Android https://blog.google/security/android-fake-call-detection/ Anthropic's coordinated vulnerability disclosure dashboard https://red.anthropic.com/2026/cvd/ My Upcoming Classes https://www.sans.org/profiles/dr-johannes-ullrich

California has long been a blue state, but that could soon change. Conservative contenders for governor and Los Angeles mayor are now moving forward to runoff elections in November. Meanwhile, in the UK, there are now riots over the police response to a fatal stabbing in which officers arrested the young man who had been attacked. The 18-year-old university student bled out as he was accused of racism. And in other news, the CCP is developing a new pre-crime system using artificial intelligence. We'll discuss these topics and others in this episode of “Crossroads.”Views expressed in this video are opinions of the host and guest, and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.

The Cybercrime Magazine Podcast brings you daily cybercrime news on WCYB Digital Radio, the first and only 7x24x365 internet radio station devoted to cybersecurity. Stay updated on the latest cyberattacks, hacks, data breaches, and more with our host. Don't miss an episode, airing every half-hour on WCYB Digital Radio and daily on our podcast. Listen to today's news at https://soundcloud.com/cybercrimemagazine/sets/cybercrime-daily-news. Brought to you by our Partner, Evolution Equity Partners, an international venture capital investor partnering with exceptional entrepreneurs to develop market leading cyber-security and enterprise software companies. Learn more at https://evolutionequity.com

After New World screwworm was confirmed in a calf from Texas, cattle futures climbed today and feeder contracts closed limit up. Grains continued their meltdown, with soybeans down over 25 cents as the demand picture for beans continues to look less optimistic. Wheat futures opened higher, but quickly fell under pressure from the row crops. Mike Zuzulo with Global Commodity Analytics recaps today's trade.

Ronald, Marco en Jelle zijn terug met DigiD, device-code-phishing, residential proxies en de vraag of AI cyberaanvallers echt onhoudbaar maakt. Eerst kort: Marco repareert tijdens een nachtwacht Home Assistant-data met Claude, Jelle bouwt met AI een lesdashboard, en Ronald rijdt in Kaapstad een fox hunt met antennes op de auto. Daarna DigiD. Staatssecretaris Willemijn Aerdts blokkeert de Amerikaanse overname van Solvinity door Kyndryl. Ronald legt uit waarom dit via de Wet ongewenste zeggenschap telecommunicatie loopt, waarom dat juridisch anders is dan VIFO, en waarom Nederland hiermee feitelijk zegt: Amerikaanse jurisdictie en CLOUD Act-risico's zijn voor DigiD te groot. Marco bespreekt RSI, recursive self-improvement, als nieuwe AI-hypeterm. Het idee: AI die zijn eigen training verbetert. De nuchtere conclusie blijft: losse stappen automatiseren lukt steeds beter, maar richting houden, controleren of iets klopt en echt autonoom onderzoek doen blijft lastig. Jelle pakt Kali365: phishing via Microsoft 365 device-code-flows. Het slachtoffer logt in op de echte Microsoft-site, maar autoriseert het apparaat van de aanvaller. Domeinchecken is dus niet genoeg als de context rond de login vergiftigd is. Het eerste hoofdverhaal: ASocks en residential proxies. Politie en NCSC verstoren een botnet met minstens 17 miljoen besmette apparaten, aangestuurd via ongeveer 200 servers in Nederland. Marco vat het scherp samen: het botnet is de infrastructuur, de residential proxy is het product. Aanvallers kopen verkeer vanaf normale thuisverbindingen in plaats van herkenbare datacenters of Tor-exitnodes. Daardoor lijken phishing, credential stuffing, DDoS en brute-force-pogingen op gewoon verkeer van echte gebruikers. Open vraag: zijn de apparaten echt opgeschoond, of vooral de aansturing geraakt? Jelle sluit af met Lennart Maschmeyers paper Deception and Detection. Maschmeyer stelt dat AI aanval en verdediging helpt, maar verdedigers structureel meer kunnen winnen: verdediging draait veel om detectie en patroonherkenning, aanval verderop in de kill chain om misleiding, context en gecontroleerde effecten. De drie zijn kritisch op zijn dwell-time-argument, maar herkennen de kern: je wilt geen autonome agent die in een vijandelijk netwerk creatief gaat improviseren. Tegelijk maakt AI aanvallers wel sneller als copiloot, codegenerator, parser van scanoutput en phishinghulp. Vooral lagere en middelmatige actoren kunnen daarmee sneller opschalen. *Bronnen* DigiD / Solvinity - NOS: https://nos.nl/artikel/2615885-staatssecretaris-verbiedt-amerikaanse-overname-solvinity-bedrijf-achter-digid - Wet OZT: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0045423 - Wet VIFO: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0046686 RSI - TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/rsi-is-the-new-agi-and-its-just-as-hard-to-pin-down/ Kali365 - FBI IC3: https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2026/PSA260521 - BleepingComputer: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fbi-warns-of-kali365-phishing-service-targeting-microsoft-365-accounts/ ASocks / residential proxies - Politie: https://www.politie.nl/nieuws/2026/mei/28/06-politie-en-ncsc-halen-groot-botnetwerk-offline.html - NCSC expertblog: https://www.ncsc.nl/expertblogs/residential-proxies-en-hun-grote-impact-op-de-digitale-veiligheid-in-nederland - NCSC nieuws: https://www.ncsc.nl/nieuws/gezamenlijke-actie-politie-en-ncsc-legt-groot-botnetwerk-plat - Security.nl: https://www.security.nl/posting/938396/Proxy-botnet+van+17+miljoen+apparaten+na+actie+politie+en+NCSC+offline?channel=rss Maschmeyer / AI - CV Maschmeyer: https://www.lennartmaschmeyer.com/CV_Lennart_Maschmeyer.pdf - Paper: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.a.398 - M-Trends 2025: https://cloud.google.com/security/resources/m-trends

Are your detection rules failing because your test data lacks the nuance of a real-world network?  In this episode of Talos Takes, Amy sits down with David Bianco to discuss why traditional synthetic data often falls short and how his new open-source project, EvidenceForge, is changing the game.Synthetic datasets often look like telemetry but lack the critical causal links and realistic background noise that define actual adversary activity. EvidenceForge solves this by creating data that tells a coherent, causal story. From simulating complex attack chains to modeling realistic, "bursty" human behavior, this tool helps threat hunters and detection engineers to sharpen their skills with reproducible, high-quality telemetry.EvidenceForge blog: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/introducing-evidenceforge-synthetic-security-logs-that-dont-look-as-fake/PEAK Threat Hunting Assistant episode: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2018149/episodes/18825324 

Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) means little if it does not lead to timely treatment, yet a significant gap persists between when CKD is found and when evidence-based therapies are started. That disconnect is the focus of the second episode of Beyond the Silo: Integrated Care Across the CRM Continuum, a podcast series from The American Journal of Managed Care®, in which Ralph Riello, PharmD, BCPS, leads a conversation with Nihar Desai, MD, MPH, on how to shift CKD care from a reactive, late-stage model to one that is proactive, pathway-driven, and equitable. The discussion builds on the first episode's focus on urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio underutilization, stipulating that screening has occurred and asking what must happen next. You can listen to the first episode here: https://www.ajmc.com/link/89943

BrainStorm wants to hear from you! Send us a text.What if knowing sooner could change everything? In this episode of BrainStorm, host Meryl Comer sits down with Dr. Nathaniel Chin — geriatrician, Alzheimer's researcher, and author of When Memory Fades: What to Expect at Every Stage, from Early Signs to Full Support for Alzheimer's and Dementia, to explore why early diagnosis of Alzheimer's and dementia is more empowering than it is frightening.Dr. Chin opens up about the fear, stigma, and denial that keep patients and families from seeking answers, and why those hesitations have a real cost. Drawing on his own experience watching his father's cognitive decline, he walks through the subtle early signs of memory change, the difference between normal aging and something more serious, and how new biomarker tests are reshaping the diagnostic conversation.From navigating family denial to balancing hope, Dr. Chin offers a rare combination of clinical expertise and deeply personal insight of the journey. He reminds us that behind every diagnosis is a family with their thoughts on what matters most. Support the show

At least 50 are dead due to a new Ebola outbreak in Central Africa, and the U.S. was the last to hear about it. This is a glaring example of the breakdown in the U.S. public health and monitoring system.Join the Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/PeterZeihanFull Newsletter: https://bit.ly/4v4YvCs

How do vocal characteristics and word choice give away prior history of assault? In this ep we summarize two articles to find out.Want the full research story? She lives HERE, in the FULL CHOMP version . Or subscribe right here on Spotify for access!

Show Notes 29 May 2026This see-through smart ring translates sign language and almost works like magicRachit AgarwalDigital Trendshttps://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/this-see-through-smart-ring-translates-sign-language-and-almost-works-like-magic/A Wireless Ring-Type Device for Sign Language TranslationScience Advanceshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aec8995This thumb ring translates sign language into textPopular Sciencehttps://www.popsci.com/technology/sign-language-translator-ring/States Across the Wildfire-Prone Western US Are Using AI for Early DetectionAssociated PressWildland Firefighterhttps://www.wildlandfirefighter.com/2026/05/04/states-across-the-wildfire-prone-western-us-are-using-ai-for-early-detection/Recycled human waste could turn the dust on Mars and the Moon into fertile soil for cropsEric RallsEarth.comhttps://www.earth.com/news/recycled-astronaut-waste-could-turn-moon-and-mars-soil-into-farmland-for-crops/Scientists destroy COVID and flu viruses in the lab with sound wavesDavid NieldScienceAlerthttps://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-destroy-covid-and-flu-viruses-in-the-lab-with-sound-wavesInactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses by high-frequency ultrasoundScientific Reportshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-37584-xSpelman Students Invent a Way for Plants to Talk with PlantGPTSpelman Collegehttps://www.spelman.edu/news/2026/05/spelman-students-invent-a-way-for-plants-to-talk-with-plantgpt.htmlSpelman College students create 'PlantGPT' AI tool to help people communicate with plantsMadeline MontgomeryCBS News Atlantahttps://www.cbsnews.com/atlanta/news/spelman-college-plantgpt-ai-tool-people-communicate-plants/A Hemp-based Plastic Offers a Greener Alternative to Plastic PackagingUniversity of Connecticuthttps://today.uconn.edu/2026/05/a-hemp-based-plastic-offers-a-greener-alternative-to-plastic-packaging/Sugarcane waste concrete cuts CO₂ by up to 30% while boosting strengthRobert EganTech Xplore

Welcome to Episode 309 of Autism Parenting Secrets. Most parents are told autism can only be identified after behavioral symptoms appear. But what if important biological clues exist much earlier? Dr. Judy Van de Water is a world-renowned immunologist at UC Davis whose research helped identify Maternal Autoantibody Related Autism, or MARA. It's an immune-system-mediated subtype of autism connected to specific maternal autoantibodies that may impact fetal brain development during pregnancy. Dr. Michael Paul is the CEO of MARAbio and has spent decades helping advance autism-related diagnostics and emerging technologies designed to improve outcomes for children and families. Together, they explain how earlier biological detection may help families better understand risk, personalize interventions, and access support sooner. They also discuss how this research could lead to more targeted therapies and improved outcomes over time. The secret this week is…  The Brain Requires INDEPENDENT Thinking You'll Discover: Why maternal antibodies may influence neurodevelopment and autism risk (3:23) How earlier detection could help families intervene sooner (15:03) Why personalized approaches may improve outcomes for autistic children (26:53) How understanding immune-system patterns may guide future interventions (20:59) Why hope and continued research matter for families navigating autism (36:56) About Our Guest: Judy Van de Water, PhD is Founder and Chief Science Advisor of MARAbio. She is a world-renowned immunologist and researcher at UC Davis whose work focuses on the role of the immune system in autism and developmental disorders. Her research helped identify Maternal Autoantibody Related Autism (MARA), an immune-system-mediated subtype of autism. Michael S. Paul, PhD is CEO of MARAbio. He has spent decades working in autism diagnostics, biotechnology, and emerging health technologies focused on improving outcomes for children and families affected by developmental disorders. www.marabio.com Additional Resources: To learn more about personalized 1:1 support go to www.elevatehowyounavigate.com If you enjoyed this episode, share it with your friends.

CardioNerds Dr. Joseph Kassab, Dr. Mariana Garcia-Arango, and Dr. Christopher Mason explore the technological revolution of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) with expert faculty Dr. Michael Gallagher. The discussion details how CCTA has evolved into a frontline diagnostic and preventive tool, moving beyond simple anatomy to incorporate physiology via CT-FFR and biology through AI-driven plaque quantification. The episode reviews landmark evidence like the SCOT-HEART and PROMISE trials, the nuances of CAD-RADS 2.0 reporting, and the emerging role of AI in monitoring treatment response and personalizing cardiovascular care. Critically, they also discuss some of the assumptions and limitations of these techniques. Stay tuned for a matching review article to be submitted to US Cardiology Review, the official Journal of CardioNerds. This episode was supported by an independent medical education grant from HeartFlow. All CardioNerds education is planned, produced, and reviewed solely by CardioNerds.  Enjoy this Circulation Paths to Discovery article to learn more about the CardioNerds mission and journey. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscripts here. CardioNerds Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll Pearls Shift in Paradigm: CCTA is no longer just an anatomic test; with some key limitations, it can provide anatomy, physiology (CT-FFR), and plaque biology (AI-CPA) in a single non-invasive scan. The “Power of Zero” vs. Plaque: While a normal CCTA has a >95% negative predictive value, future MIs often arise from non-obstructive plaque that traditional stress tests might miss. CAD-RADS 2.0 Utility: The addition of plaque burden modifiers (P1–P4) is a “game changer,” allowing clinicians to identify high-risk patients who need aggressive lipid-lowering despite having only mild stenosis. CT-FFR as a Virtual Stress Test: CT-FFR uses computational fluid dynamics to simulate blood flow, potentially reducing unnecessary invasive catheterizations by approximately 61% without sacrificing safety. Seeing the Invisible: AI-based quantitative plaque analysis (QCPA) can identify “subvisual” plaque and low-attenuation (lipid-rich) components that are the primary drivers of acute coronary syndromes. Show Notes How has the role of CCTA changed compared to traditional functional testing? Historically, stress testing answered “is there ischemia today?”, which often reflects late-stage disease. CCTA identifies disease across the entire spectrum, asking “is there atherosclerosis and how much plaque is present?”. Landmark evidence: SCOT-HEART showed a 41% relative risk reduction in MI at 5 years attributed to intensified preventive therapies, and PROMISE showed CCTA was better at selecting patients who truly needed invasive angiography. Diagnostic CCTA imaging depends on the protocol, contrast timing, heart rate, heart rhythm, breathholding, scanner quality, and several patient factors (obesity, prior stents, heavy calcification, complex bypass anatomy, and motion artifact all may limit imaging). “CCTA is exceptional for the right patient, with the right scanner, and the right team.” What are the key modifiers introduced in CAD-RADS 2.0, and why do they matter? CAD-RADS 2.0 moved beyond stenosis severity to include plaque burden (P0 to P4), high-risk plaque (HRP) features, and the presence of ischemia based on CT-FFR. It serves as a clinical decision support tool: a patient with mild (25-49%) stenosis but “extensive” (P4) plaque burden is considered high risk and warrants aggressive risk factor modification. How is CT-FFR calculated, and when is it most useful in clinical practice? CT-FFR uses resting CCTA data and computational fluid dynamics to create a 3D model of coronary flow during simulated maximal hyperemia. It is often used for intermediate lesions (40–90% stenosis) to predict if they are  ischemia-producing, guiding the decision whether to proceed with invasive angiography.  The assumptions necessary for this computational modeling may not apply well to patients with microvascular dysfunction, significant myocardial scar or prior infarction, or ventricular hypertrophy. Still, data indicate that CT-FFR performs similarly to PET in predicting hemodynamically significant lesions.  CT-FFR performs well at the extremes (either clearly normal or clearly abnormal). Accuracy dips, however, in the intermediate range (~0.75-0.80), where decision-making is most critical. In this grey zone, additional factors can help guide the approach, including the amount of myocardium supplied, translesional gradient, and plaque features.   CT-FFR has not been validated in distal segments, stented segments, heavily calcified coronary arteries, or in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Caution with CT-FFR should be utilized in very calcified coronary segments.  What is AI-based quantitative plaque analysis (QCPA), and what metrics are ready for clinical use? This is potentially a paradigm shift, moving away from stenosis-centric thinking to a more disease burden and plaque biology focus. QCPA uses deep learning algorithms to automatically segment the vessel wall and quantify plaque volume in mm³. Ready for “prime time” metrics include: Total Plaque Volume (TPV), non-calcified plaque volume, and Low-Attenuation Plaque (LAP) burden. Can serial CCTA be used to monitor the effectiveness of medical therapies like statins? While not yet a routine guideline-driven practice, trials like PARADIGM and EVAPORATE show that therapies can stabilize plaque; notably, CCTA is better for monitoring than CAC scores, which can be misleading as statins often increase plaque calcification as part of the stabilization process. There are no randomized trials that serial CCTAs improve outcomes. Cost and radiation exposure will be notable limitations. Serial scan timing, scan acquisition and interpretation standardization would be key. Dr. Gallagher notes that we are moving toward a world in which plaque burden may become a “treatment biomarker,” similar to tumor burden in oncology.  References 1. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography From Clinical Uses to Emerging Technologies: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Abdelrahman KM, Chen MY, Dey AK, et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(10):1226-1243. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.076. 2. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration With the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, et al. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2022;35(4):329-354. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2021.12.012. 3. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021;78(22):e187-e285. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053. 4. Contemporary, Non-Invasive Imaging Diagnosis of Chronic Coronary Artery Disease. van der Bijl P, Gulati M, Saraste A, et al. Lancet (London, England). 2025;406(10519):2577-2587. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01586-7. 5. State of the Art: Evaluation and Medical Management of Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Chest Pain: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Slipczuk L, Blankstein R, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, et al. Circulation. 2025;152(23):e443-e466. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001394. 6. Diagnostic Performance of Fractional Flow Reserve Derived From Coronary CT Angiography: The ACCURATE-CT Study. Li C, Hu Y, Jiang J, et al. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2024;17(17):1980-1992. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2024.06.027. 7. Clinical Outcomes Based on Coronary Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve and Plaque Characterization. Sato Y, Motoyama S, Miyajima K, et al. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024;17(3):284-297. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.07.013. 8. Clinical Use of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve: Expert Consensus by an International Working Group. Tang CX, Leipsic JA, Nørgaard BL, et al. European Radiology. 2026;:10.1007/s00330-025-12313-6. doi:10.1007/s00330-025-12313-6. 9. Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography–derived fractional flow reserve: a systematic review. Cook CM, Petraco R, Shun-Shin MJ, et al. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(7):803-810. Doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1314 10. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using CT Angiography: Next Steps). Nørgaard BL, Leipsic J, Gaur S, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(12):1145-1155. Doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.043 11. Comparison of coronary computed tomography angiography, fractional flow reserve, and perfusion imaging for ischemia diagnosis. Driessen RS, Danad I, Stuijfzand WJ, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(2):161-173. Doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.056. 12. 1-year outcomes of FFRCT-guided care in patients with suspected coronary disease: the PLATFORM study. Douglas PS, De Bruyne B, Pontone G, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(5):435-445. Doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.057. 13. Comparison of an initial risk-based testing strategy vs usual testing in stable symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease: the PRECISE randomized clinical trial. Douglas PS, Nanna MG, Kelsey MD, et al; PRECISE Investigators. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(10):904-914. Doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2595. 14. Diagnostic and clinical value of FFRCT in stable chest pain patients with extensive coronary calcification: the FACC study. Mickley H, Veien KT, Gerke O, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;15(6):1046-1058. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.12.010. 15. Low-Attenuation Noncalcified Plaque on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Multicenter SCOT-HEART Trial (Scottish Computed Tomography of the HEART). Williams MC, Kwiecinski J, Doris M, et al. Circulation. 2020;141(18):1452-1462. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044720. 16. AI-Guided Quantitative Plaque Staging Predicts Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients at Risk for Atherosclerotic CVD. Nurmohamed NS, Bom MJ, Jukema RA, et al. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024;17(3):269-280. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.05.020. 17. Interaction of AI-Enabled Quantitative Coronary Plaque Volumes on Coronary CT Angiography, FFRCT, and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of the ADVANCE Registry. Dundas J, Leipsic J, Fairbairn T, et al. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024;17(3):e016143. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.016143. 18. Prognostic Value of AI-Based Quantitative Coronary CTA vs Human Reader-Based Visual Assessment: Results From the CONFIRM2 Registry. van Rosendael A, Nakanishi R, Bax JJ, et al. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2026;19(3):345-359. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2025.09.021.13. Pericoronary Adipose Tissue as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Tan N, Dey D, Marwick TH, Nerlekar N. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;81(9):913-923. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.12.021. 19. Effect of Icosapent Ethyl on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Elevated Triglycerides on Statin Therapy: Final Results of the EVAPORATE Trial. Budoff MJ, Bhatt DL, Kinninger A, et al. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(40):3925-3932. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa652. 20. Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation With Artificial Intelligence for Individualized Medical Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Consensus Statement From the QCI Study Group. Schulze K, Stantien AM, Williams MC, et al. Nature Reviews. Cardiology. 2026;23(2):100-115. doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01191-6.

On this episode of Managed Care Cast, The American Journal of Managed Care® spoke with Jonathan Wrathall, PhD, a senior advanced analytics consultant at Elevance Health. He authored 2 studies published in the May 2026 issue, both of which centered on food insecurity: “Food Insecurity Identification Modeling for Medicare Enrollees Using Administrative Data” and “Making the Most of Limited Resources: Predicting Food Insecurity.” Throughout the conversation, Wrathall highlighted the motivation behind his studies, key food insecurity predictors, unexpected findings, and gaps in identifying needs across insurance groups. Before concluding, he rounded out the discussion by bringing the findings of both studies together to explain their implications for improving food insecurity detection in health systems.

Handheld Ultrasound and Detection of Valve and Other Structural Heart Disease   Guest: Jared Bird, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   Handheld ultrasound is rapidly changing cardiovascular structural heart disease assessment by allowing clinicians and researchers to detect valvular and structural heart disease earlier and more accurately. Advances in AI imaging guidance and interpretation further bridge the gap between physical exam and formal comprehensive echocardiography. It is important to realize how complimentary handheld ultrasound can be in the early detection of structural heat disease but does not replace diagnostic echocardiography.   Topics Discussed: How does handheld ultrasound improve upon the traditional physical exam when it comes to identifying valvular or structural heart disease? What are the most common valve or structural abnormalities that clinicians can reliably detect using handheld ultrasound today? How are we using handheld ultrasound to screen patients for structural heart disease in a research setting? How do AI-ECG and handheld ultrasound intersect to provide optimal screening of asymptomatic patients with structural heart disease?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 30-December-2025

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/NGA865. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until April 23, 2027.AD/PD 2026: Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Through New Evidence In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis activity is supported by an educational grant from Lilly.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

Digital fraud is costing Americans billions. After Patrick Coughlin's mother was the target of an urgent and emotional fake kidnapping scam, the cybersecurity expert with his brother built a free website to help others identify the red flags of fraud.

In this episode of the Construction Corner podcast, host Dillon breaks down the importance of coordination and clash detection in Revit-based construction projects. He explains how modeling every trade's systems — conduit, duct, pipe, hangers, sprinkler heads, and more — in a shared virtual environment before breaking ground leads to smoother projects, better prefabrication, and fewer costly conflicts in the field. Dillon covers why clashes happen, how a qualified VDC team can eliminate them, and why getting all trades working in the same model is the key to clash-free construction. He wraps up with a simple but powerful reminder: a 30-minute conversation can get everyone aligned and moving in the right direction.

Over the last decade, cybersecurity heavily invested in EDR, XDR, SIEM, telemetry, and SOC-driven operations. We stopped asking how to stop attacks and started asking how fast we could detect them. However, Mythos and frontier models have changed that paradigm. How do you detect a -7 day vulnerability? Detection and response cannot keep, so what's the answer? Rob Allen, Chief Product Officer at ThreatLocker, joins Business Security Weekly to discuss why cybersecurity is shifting from detection and response to prevention and enforcement. As attackers accelerate through automation and AI, organizations are revisiting prevention-focused controls. Rob will discuss why organizations need to adopt application allowlisting, Zero Trust, Ringfencing, and policy enforcement to reduce attacker freedom before execution occurs. Prevention-first security is the only way to decrease the AI attack surface. This segment is sponsored by ThreatLocker. Visit https://securityweekly.com/threatlocker to learn more about them! In the leadership and communications segment, What CISOs need to land a board role, The Security Mistakes Being Repeated With AI, When Senior Leaders Lack People Skills, Transformations Fail, and more! Visit https://www.securityweekly.com/bsw for all the latest episodes! Show Notes: https://securityweekly.com/bsw-448

Over the last decade, cybersecurity heavily invested in EDR, XDR, SIEM, telemetry, and SOC-driven operations. We stopped asking how to stop attacks and started asking how fast we could detect them. However, Mythos and frontier models have changed that paradigm. How do you detect a -7 day vulnerability? Detection and response cannot keep, so what's the answer? Rob Allen, Chief Product Officer at ThreatLocker, joins Business Security Weekly to discuss why cybersecurity is shifting from detection and response to prevention and enforcement. As attackers accelerate through automation and AI, organizations are revisiting prevention-focused controls. Rob will discuss why organizations need to adopt application allowlisting, Zero Trust, Ringfencing, and policy enforcement to reduce attacker freedom before execution occurs. Prevention-first security is the only way to decrease the AI attack surface. This segment is sponsored by ThreatLocker. Visit https://securityweekly.com/threatlocker to learn more about them! In the leadership and communications segment, What CISOs need to land a board role, The Security Mistakes Being Repeated With AI, When Senior Leaders Lack People Skills, Transformations Fail, and more! Show Notes: https://securityweekly.com/bsw-448

Over the last decade, cybersecurity heavily invested in EDR, XDR, SIEM, telemetry, and SOC-driven operations. We stopped asking how to stop attacks and started asking how fast we could detect them. However, Mythos and frontier models have changed that paradigm. How do you detect a -7 day vulnerability? Detection and response cannot keep, so what's the answer? Rob Allen, Chief Product Officer at ThreatLocker, joins Business Security Weekly to discuss why cybersecurity is shifting from detection and response to prevention and enforcement. As attackers accelerate through automation and AI, organizations are revisiting prevention-focused controls. Rob will discuss why organizations need to adopt application allowlisting, Zero Trust, Ringfencing, and policy enforcement to reduce attacker freedom before execution occurs. Prevention-first security is the only way to decrease the AI attack surface. This segment is sponsored by ThreatLocker. Visit https://securityweekly.com/threatlocker to learn more about them! In the leadership and communications segment, What CISOs need to land a board role, The Security Mistakes Being Repeated With AI, When Senior Leaders Lack People Skills, Transformations Fail, and more! Visit https://www.securityweekly.com/bsw for all the latest episodes! Show Notes: https://securityweekly.com/bsw-448

Full article: Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Lung Nodule Evaluation on Low-Dose Chest CT in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Pragmatic data obtained in clinical settings can add further insights into how AI shapes radiology practice. Hira Qureshi, MD, discusses the AJR article by Hwang et al. that reports a prospective randomized trial of the impact of AI for low-dose chest CT interpretation.

Find out how to avoid toxins in oils and processed foods, boost resilience with teas and glutathione, and detect disease early. #ToxinFreeLiving #EarlyDetection #HealthyAging #HealthTalks

Advances in immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis and related disorders have increased the risk of infections and raised important questions about vaccination efficacy. This episode reviews infection risks across treatment classes, emphasizes the importance of monitoring and patient education, and discusses optimal vaccine timing to preserve protective immune responses. In this episode, Aaron L. Berkowitz, MD, PhD, FAAN, speaks with Avindra Nath, MBBS, FAAN, coauthor of the article "Infection Risk and Vaccine Considerations in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders" in the Continuum® April 2026 Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders issue. Dr. Berkowitz is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a professor of neurology in the Department of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco, in San Francisco, California. Dr. Nath is the chief of the Section of Infections of the Nervous System at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda, Maryland Additional Resources Read the article: Infection Risk and Vaccine Considerations in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @AaronLBerkowitz Full episode transcript available here Dr Berkowitz: Over the last decades, there has been a revolution in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and other immune-mediated neurologic conditions with countless new, highly effective medications. However, with every new treatment comes new risks; and in the case of immunomodulatory therapy, many of those risks relate to infection. Today, I have the privilege of talking with an expert on this topic, Dr Avindra Nath, about the infectious risks of treatments for multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated neurologic disorders.  Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast.  Dr Berkowitz: This is Dr Aaron Berkowitz, and today I'm interviewing Dr Avi Nath about his article on vaccine considerations and infection risk in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, which he coauthored with Dr Amit Bar-Or. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on multiple sclerosis. Welcome to the podcast, Dr Nath, and could you please introduce yourself to our audience?  Dr Nath: Thanks very much for inviting me to this podcast. I'm absolutely delighted to have the opportunity to discuss our areas of interest and expertise related to infections and vaccinations for MS patients. My area has been studying the infections of the nervous system since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, and over the years and decades, we've developed expertise related to various types of CNS infections. That includes ones that are developing in individuals who have immune compromise due to a variety of different reasons. Dr Berkowitz: Fantastic. Well, glad to have the opportunity to speak with you today. When I was in medical school---and you were my attending, actually, we were just reminiscing, which we probably think was not that long ago, but is now over twenty years ago---there were just two medications for MS, right? Beta interferon and glatiramer acetate. And now we have over a dozen, and it's amazing to think of all the progress in these last two decades, as well as for related diseases like NMO. I don't think we even had the aquaporin-four biomarker, right, when I was working with you as a med student in the early 2000s. Dr Nath: And that certainly dates me a lot.  Dr Berkowitz: Both of us.  Dr Nath: Yeah.  Dr Berkowitz: Of course, with all these new treatments, these have been amazing advances for our patients, right? But these come with new treatment-related risks to monitor for with the immunomodulatory medications for MS and related disorders. And one of those most important risks is that of infection. So, your article reviews the potential infectious complications of medications used to treat MS, NMO, etc, and also covers considerations related to thinking about vaccines in this patient population. So, as the MS treatment landscape grows, I can say as a general neurologist, keeping up with all these medications and what to screen for and what to worry about and when to vaccinate just becomes more challenging every year. And your article has so many helpful tables, some organized by medicine, some organized by- sorry, medication, some organized by infection, some by vaccines. So, this is gonna be a great resource for our providers to print out and tape up in their clinic rooms. We won't be able to get into all the depth and detail that you have in this article today, but I do want to focus on some of the key points here related to the common medications we use for MS and which infections to think about and which vaccine considerations we might need to keep in mind for these medications. But before we delve into the drugs, I just wanna ask you more broadly, you talk in the article about the challenge of patients with immune-mediated diseases who are on immunomodulatory therapy being at risk for both flares of their disease and for infections; and these infections can present somewhat atypically, right, in immunomodulated hosts, to maybe coin a term you can correct me on, because they can't mount the full inflammatory response. So how do you approach new symptoms in patients on these immunomodulatory medicines as far as distinguishing disease flare from a treatment-related infection?  Dr Nath: So, I have to say that although a lot of new treatments have come along for MS, and they've really, you know, improved the outcome tremendously and there are so many different options, it has also kept people like me relevant because they cause a lot of various types of infections, and so keeps me in business all the same. But just as you mentioned, there's so many of them, even I have difficulty keeping track of what does what. So, you do need to be able to refer back to published literature, and the tables, I hope, will be quite useful in that regard. You're absolutely right, and you can get new infections, you can get reactivation of existing infections, and you can get atypical presentations of various types of infections that you may not normally think of. So that presents multiple challenges to the treating physician. The other interesting thing about MS is, just as you mentioned, that you already have CNS lesions to begin with. Now, on top of it, you have an infection, so now how to sort out what is the existing disease and what is the infection, it can again become challenging. But one thing is for sure: all these infections are caused by an organism. So, what you really need to do is, the underlying diagnostic is to demonstrate the presence of the organism. Whether you demonstrate it depending on the infection in the spinal fluid or in the brain or, you know, some peripheral organ system, that is going to be key to making the diagnosis. So, all your clinical acumen is good, but that alone may not be sufficient. Dr Berkowitz: Very good. So, when you see a, a patient now who has a new neurologic symptom in the context of an immune-mediated disease who's on immunomodulatory therapy, what goes through your mind? Are you thinking this disease and this drug, and sort of what are the infections, and does the syndrome match? Or are you thinking, you know, you can't always rely on the imaging to distinguish between, say, a flare of an MS and PML because white matter lesions could look similar? How do you sort of approach this scenario when it comes up?  Dr Nath: So, you're right. You have to keep an open mind so that even though you know some infections are more likely to occur with certain types of medications, that doesn't mean that others cannot occur. So, I think when you first see the patient, you should not jump to conclusions, but rather have an open mind. But yes, for example, your patient is on natalizumab, the chances of PML are going to be high. It's a very interesting drug. It does not cause immune compromise in the periphery, but what it's doing is preventing these cells from getting into the brain. So, because then it's acting at the blood-brain barrier. So that means that organisms that are already present in the brain have an opportunity to get reactivated. Turns out you don't have a lot of organisms in the brain, except JC virus seems to be one of them that does somehow, in some individuals, manage to reside out there. And so that can get reactivated. It can get reactivated in the periphery and then enter the brain, too. So, where the very specific mutations have to occur in that virus in order to take residence in the brain. That would be a suspicion that you might have, and MRI can be useful in, again, helping you think about that possibility. If you have typical lesions involving the U fibers, they're demyelinating, usually you do not have much edema around them because patient is immune compromised, but certainly within the brain in these individuals. And so, then you need to demonstrate the organism. The demonstration of the organism should be in the spinal fluid and not in the blood because in the virus, it can-- is reservoir in the kidneys and in the lymph nodes, and periodically it'll shed into the blood. Detection of the organism in the blood can be a false positive, but in the spinal fluid, it shouldn't be there unless you have an infection. Or if you cause a traumatic tap, I guess, if a patient is viremic, that's a possibility, but those are extremely rare. So at least for PML, that's the way that you would diagnose it. Now, you can develop, for example, if an individual is on fingolimod, you can get a wide variety of infections. Here it's a totally different type of mechanism of action. Here the cells are trapped within the lymph nodes, so that means now your entire periphery is immune compromised, right?  So here you can get viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections. So here, if a patient presents with new neurological symptoms, you have to have a really open mind for all these possibilities. Now, let's say a patient was on dimethyl fumarate, and dimethyl fumarate causes neutropenia early on. So here you have to worry about an individual developing bacterial infections, so latent tuberculosis or bacterial meningitis can occur in these individuals. That's something to keep in mind. It's not that other infections cannot occur with dimethyl fumarate, you can see PML and other things too, but the chances of bacterial infections are greater. So, you got to make sure that you draw all the cultures for that purpose. Similarly, if you're on a complement inhibitor, like a C5 inhibitor or the thing that I could use in NMO, there are the chances of meningococcal meningitis. So, these patients, you need to prevaccinate them before you start these kinds of treatments and look for that possibility. When you suspect bacterial infections, particularly acute bacterial meningitis, there time is of essence. Also, in some of the acute viral infections, for example---herpes encephalitis is another one---you have to be so careful, and if you suspect any of them, even if they're with possibly atypical manifestations, you treat first and then diagnose later, and draw all your cultures, whatever you need to, and just treat them. And these infections can also cause cerebral edema, so one has to be careful about doing spinal taps in these individuals. You want some kind of neuroimaging before you do them. In the days when we didn't have neuroimaging, we used to say, "Okay, if your patient has focal neurological signs or is comatose, you don't do it." But these days, you can get imaging very quickly and very easily. All the-- Because of our stroke management, we've learned how to do them so quickly. So, I think there's little excuse not to do imaging and prevent herniation from occurring.  Dr Berkowitz: That's very helpful. So, using the information we know about the drug, and we're going to rapid-fire review some of that in a bit to know what infections the patient is susceptible to, but acknowledging that any patient can get any infection, right? Whether they're on particular medications or not. And then if you're not sure, based on the neuroimaging, which as you said, is helpful, but not always helpful in distinguishing between infections and flares or, as you said, in the case of meningitis, encephalitis, early on at least, especially in immunocompromised or immunomodulated, quote unquote, patient might not see the typical imaging. So really, when safe, getting CSF or cultures, PCRs, and other infectious studies too is really gonna be the definitive diagnostic maneuver here. Is that fair summary across the board?  Dr Nath: I think you said that absolutely right. And you summarized that correctly. And, you know, thing about infection, a lot of neurological diseases are, you know, diagnosed by clinical acumen, like your Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and others. Think about infections is caused by an organism, demonstrate the organism, right? That should be your goal. It doesn't mean that clinical acumen is not important, but here you have an opportunity to demonstrate the organism, so you should depend upon that.  Dr Berkowitz: Okay. Well, you gave us a nice segue by talking about some of the infections to worry about with some of the medications. So what I'd like to do now for the sort of second half of our interview here is to go through some of the more common medications used for MS, and if we have time, for NMO, and just sort of go kind of rapid fire here, and for each medication, if you can tell us the kind of top infectious concerns and whether when to consider them or what screening needs to take place before or during administration of the medication, and then any vaccine considerations we should be aware of. Some of these will obviously be quite short depending on the medicine. So, going back to the two medications I alluded to earlier that were the only ones in play when you and I last saw each other on the wards when I was a medical student, beta interferon, glatiramer acetate, any infections or vaccine considerations with these medications?  Dr Nath: No, I think they're probably your safest medications now as far as immunomodulatory therapies are concerned. These two, and IVIG, if you ever use them, are probably the safest, do not require any vaccine considerations, per se. Dr Berkowitz: Perfect. Okay. So, moving on to fingolimod and others in the sphingosine-one phosphate receptor modulator family, what are the infectious considerations? Any prescreening or vaccination considerations?  Dr Nath: I think all your patients should be prescreened for antibodies to JC virus, because there is a risk for PML, and those who are positive should be closely monitored. So, it's not an absolute contraindication for using these medications, but they just require closer monitoring. With this class of drugs, PML is of consideration. Also, these varicella-zoster virus infection, yeah, with that you can develop zoster encephalitis or myelitis. It can present with motor symptoms as well, which can be atypical. You don't usually see them otherwise in immune-competent individuals. So, varicella-zoster, sometimes you can develop encephalitis, also vasculitis with varicella-zoster, so one has to be careful. So, getting the shingles vaccine can be actually very helpful to prevent these things. And then some patients can even develop herpes simplex encephalitis also, and that can be extremely atypical. So, they don't- they can involve the basal ganglia, can involve the brain stem and cerebellum. So again, your index of suspicion should be very high. Interestingly, although HSV encephalitis has been associated with NMDA receptor encephalitis, those reports of NMDA receptor encephalitis have not been published yet with NMS patients. Not sure why, maybe they just have been missed. But that doesn't seem to be a major concern. And then there are a whole host of other infections that can occur with this class of drugs, and that can include toxo; fungal infections, particularly crypto. There's a case report of histoplasmosis; hepatitis virus, particularly hepatitis C; and then the poxvirus is a good example. You can get molluscum contagiosum; warts with papillomavirus; you can get atypical mycobacteria; and even Kaposi sarcoma, which is HHV8. So, there's a huge variety of infections with the sphingosine one phosphate receptor modulators.  Dr Berkowitz: And any- aside from screening for JC virus before initiating these, any- and then continuing to monitor for JC antibody index, any other considerations as far as labs to send, monitoring before or on the drug or vaccine considerations for patients on fingolimod and the others in this category, siponimod, etcetera?  Dr Nath: Yeah, there are a lot of things to consider. All the details are really available in the chapter if you look at them. But briefly, all the things that one could potentially vaccinate patients for, all these infections I mentioned, one should do so. The timing is critical so that if you can do it before treatment, I think, before starting treatment, that is absolutely important. And you got to give them at least, you know, two to three weeks for these vaccines to take effect before starting your medication. If your patient already arrives on a medication, then you got to play this game of you know, before the next dose, give them again two to three weeks before the next dose and start vaccinating them and get all the vaccines in. Broadly, about the things to worry about the vaccines are you have live vaccines, and you've got the inactivated vaccines or the subunit vaccines. You have to be careful with live vaccines, because if your patient is immunocompromised, that virus can sometimes itself cause harm. For example, you know, yellow fever is one, and there you can develop encephalitis from it. Measles, mumps, rubella, these are all live vaccines. Now, the good thing is that a lot of us have been immunized very early in childhood, but that may not be the case any longer. And so, these things, one has to be very careful with when you're giving live vaccines, that we want to avoid them as much as possible, and individuals are gonna be immune-compromised. But all the others, meningococcus, for example, you should- the HPV vaccines, the varicella zoster vaccines, all these things, you've got to pre-vaccinate and make sure that they have an antibody response to them before starting immunocompromising therapy. Dr Berkowitz: Perfect. Okay, moving on to some of the other orals. What infectious and/or vaccine considerations do we have with teriflunomide?  Dr Nath: Okay, yeah. Teriflunomide is a very interesting drug. It's relatively safe. There is concern about the possibility of varicella zoster infection, people have reported that, and also tuberculosis. But PML is extremely rare, if not at all, and we haven't seen herpes encephalitis quite yet.  Dr Berkowitz: Got it. How about dimethyl fumarate? Dr Nath: Yeah. So dimethyl fumarate is... as I mentioned earlier, it's interesting because it causes this neutropenia. It's transient, but it occurs early on, and these patients can be at risk of PML, although small. They can develop varicella zoster virus infection, herpes encephalitis, and also fungal infections. For example, cryptococcal infection has been reported with dimethyl fumarate. Dr Berkowitz: Okay. We've spoken a bit about natalizumab and PML, and you have extensive information on this in your article, and I'll defer the reader to that. But for natalizumab, what are the key points every neurologist should know about natalizumab and PML as far as from the practical perspective, screening, frequency of screening, when to worry, when to not use natalizumab at all in the first place based on what you find in your screening for JC virus? What are the key points every neurologist should know?  Dr Nath: Uh, yes. You bring up an important point, and that is all patients should be monitored for JC virus. If they're JC virus-negative, so that's your most ideal patient to go on natalizumab, but that doesn't mean they cannot get infected with the virus. In fact, there's an interesting study claiming that, you know, patients, when they get these infusions, they're all sitting in the same room getting infused. Some have JC virus, some don't have JC virus, and so there's the potential that we may be aiding the transmission here in some way or another. The virus is an interesting one. It comes out in urine, and then it's spread through oral contamination, gets into the tonsils, and then spreads from there to your marrow and resides in the kidney and the marrow, as well as the lymph nodes, forever. So, you, you have to monitor these patients to see that during the course, even if they're negative, they could turn out positive. So, every six months or a year, an antibody test should be done on all patients irrespective. If a patient already has antibodies, that's not an absolute contraindication. It just means you've got to monitor them closely for development of new symptoms, and if, whenever there are new symptoms, don't just assume this is due to MS, but just make sure the MRI is done with and without contrast. The- and if there's still a suspicion, that you do a CSF evaluation for JC virus. Just detecting, looking for JC virus in the blood, a rising titer is another thing that can help you. And so, the titer is also important. And the reason you have rising titers is it means that there's an infection that's already occurred in the brain, and the immune system is reacting to that infection by increasing titers. But that alone is not sufficient to make the diagnosis. You still- that gives you an index of suspicion. You've got to then do the MRI and the spinal tap to, you know, be absolutely certain. So, each patient is a little bit different, so the way you monitor them is going to depend on where they are. You know, if they've had prior immunomodulatory therapy before starting natalizumab, or if they're on natalizumab for more than two years, then the chances of PML are much greater, so you may want to monitor them more closely. Uh, they never had any prior immunomodulatory therapy, you're just starting natalizumab, maybe once a year is sufficient. So, I think you've got to tailor it depending on what your risks are for each patient. Dr Berkowitz: Perfect. That's very helpful. And again, you write extensively about PML and natalizumab and PML considerations in your article. So, for a more detailed and in-depth discussion of what we just discussed, definitely hope readers will take a look at your article. Okay. Last but not least---certainly not least, 'cause we're using these probably, it seems, the most commonly in many places I've worked---rituximab, ocrelizumab are B-cell therapies for MS. What are some of the infectious and vaccine considerations related to these infusion medications?  Dr Nath: So, there's concern for PML with anti-B-cell therapies also, maybe not to the same degree as natalizumab, but the same principles should be applied. A lot of people think that these are relatively safe. I don't think so. I think we see enough number of patients on B-cell therapies with PML. So, I would use the same caution because these infections are... you know, can be fatal. So, one should be very careful, even with anti-B-cell therapies. And just with natalizumab, you also have the risk of VZV infection causing shingles. HSV1 has been reported, but there's another interesting complication that has been reported with anti-B-cell therapies, and that is severe West Nile encephalitis. And as mosquitoes-borne diseases are getting more and more prevalent, and we're seeing West Nile cases erupting every summer, I think one's got to be, you know, very cognizant of the fact that this can occur. These patients should take precautions to prevent mosquito bites from occurring and not expose themselves to areas where they could be at risk for it. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for it and no specific treatment for West Nile. So, all one can do is use prevention strategies for mosquito bites.  Dr Berkowitz: Yeah, I'm glad you mentioned that. I think the only really truly severe neuroinvasive cases I've seen of West Nile virus have indeed been in patients who were being treated with B-cell therapy. Not, if I'm remembering correctly, for immune-mediated disease, but for a lymphoma, so probably other confounding factors there. But yeah, it's a disease we learn about and think about, but I've only seen the most severe cases in patients who had abnormal immune systems, so I'm glad you flagged that. This has been a very helpful discussion, and I've learned a lot from you. I learned a lot from your article, just as I did when you were my attending some 20-something years ago on the wards when I was a medical student. So, it's good to continue learning from you through your writing and research, and today from getting to talk to you again. I encourage our readers to read your article and to bookmark those tables for when these considerations come up for your patients on these immunomodulatory therapies and you're wondering which infections to worry about and how to manage vaccines in this patient population. So again, today I've been interviewing Dr. Avi Nath about his article on vaccine considerations and infection risk in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, which he wrote with Dr. Amit Bar-Or. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on multiple sclerosis. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues, and thank you again to our listeners for joining today.  Dr Nath: Thank you so much, Aaron, for that wonderful interview, and I'm extremely proud of all your accomplishments over the last 20 years. You've done an amazing job, and it was such a pleasure to see you and to be able to do this interview with you. Thank you again.  Dr Berkowitz: Thanks. That means a lot. I never would have imagined- we won't say 20, how many, but 20-something years ago as the medical student looking up to you and all your expertise on these infections and all of your research that led to so much of our understanding on these, that I would find myself interviewing you two decades later. So, for all the students listening, you never know where you'll end up, but I appreciate your very kind words.  Dr Nath: That's what we hope for all our students. Thank you so much.  Dr Berkowitz: Thanks again.  Dr Monteith: This is Dr. Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

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