Podcasts about fosb

Nunca na História o conteúdo pornográfico existente foi tão grande e tão disponível. Os estudos têm uma dificuldade gigantesca de encontrar pessoas para um grupo controle, pois elas teriam que nunca ter consumido pornografia... Então o que a ciência tem a dizer sobre isso?Confira o papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.> OUÇA (50min 50s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAAlura Imersão Dadosbit.ly/naruhodo-imersao-dadosO uso de inteligência artificial tem o potencial de ajudar diversas áreas na análise de dados, proporcionando insights mais profundos, automatizando tarefas complexas e acelerando processos de tomada de decisão.Por isso, a Alura criou a Imersão Dados: Análises com Inteligência Artificial. A Imersão Dados da Alura consiste em 5 dias de aulas imersivas online e gratuitas, onde você vai entender como aplicar o uso da inteligência artificial de maneira funcional na análise de dados.Ela é dirigida para pessoas de todas as áreas que usam análises de dados no dia a dia ou em grandes decisões. Pessoas que usam Excel, Google Sheets e similares no seu cotidiano. Não requer nenhum conhecimento prévio de IA. E, como eu já disse, é grátis.Mas atenção: as inscrições vão só até o dia 3 de setembro. Então anota a URL aí: bit.ly/naruhodo-imersao-dadosAlura. Mergulhe em tecnologia.*REFERÊNCIASSelf-perceived pornography addiction in adults: A systematic review of definitions and reported impact.http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/23086/1/23086%20Duffy%20-%20Porn%20Addiction%20Review%202017%20repository.pdfShould compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4990495/Can Pornography be Addictive? An fMRI Study of Men SeekingTreatment for Problematic Pornography Usehttps://www.nature.com/articles/npp201778.pdfShould Public Health Professionals Consider Pornography a Public Health Crisis?https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6951382/Pornography and Public Healthhttps://books.google.com.br/books?id=M30_EAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=yNatural Rewards, Neuroplasticity, and Non-Drug Addictionshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139704/Natural and Drug Rewards Act on Common Neural Plasticity Mechanisms with ΔFosB as a Key Mediatorhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3865508/Pornography Addiction in Adults: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Reported Impacthttps://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/13/5/760/6940239Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspectivehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050060/Processes and Outcomes of Pornography Addiction Support Groupshttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26929953.2022.2161027?casa_token=iDMyiqtH44cAAAAA%3AMNmh4PH2fLiC6q14tTuytrR2UgnkLlE-Im-vSNzZOq5aimQwGvsPz3cisdpRXYD-ttPscZ05tR-XPornography addiction – a supranormal stimulus considered in the context of neuroplasticityhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/snp.v3i0.20767Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don't—A Systematic Reviewhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/1/91Pornography: Addictionhttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_1867-1Porndemic? A Longitudinal Study of Pornography Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Nationally Representative Sample of Americanshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-02077-7Porn Hub Insightshttps://www.pornhub.com/insights/Sexual Addiction or Hypersexual Disorder: Different Terms for the Same Problem? A Review of the Literaturehttps://www.eurekaselect.com/article/55636Is the concept of compulsion useful in the explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience?☆https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800587/Mapping the links between sexual addiction and gambling disorder: A Bayesian network approachhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178123003165?casa_token=d1TBnrLLInAAAAAA:Bepe9jeEpZ0sWu-gHVNPrh9ZEOrJlOp-Iw5GkGgCz81lx28gVLYEeaJ_PRJmGID68tHO-DHaPQIs Pornography Really about “Making Hate to Women”? Pornography Users Hold More Gender Egalitarian Attitudes Than Nonusers in a Representative American Samplehttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224499.2015.1023427Pornographic exposure over the life course and the severity of sexual offenses: Imitation and cathartic effectshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047235211001103Does Religious Attendance Moderate the Connection Between Pornography Consumption and Attitudes Toward Women?https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224499.2017.1396571Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment toolshttps://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/12/2/article-p393.xmlA Meta-Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studieshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/288905229_A_Meta-Analysis_of_Pornography_Consumption_and_Actual_Acts_of_Sexual_Aggression_in_General_Population_StudiesCasamento indissolúvel ou relação sexual duradoura:https://www.centroreichiano.com.br/cr_intranet/biblioteca_pdf/Reich/casamento.pdfNaruhodo #206 - Por que choramos?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWorZ-zK-c4Naruhodo #150 - O que é o "No Fap September"?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yWTngyTq1gNaruhodo #49 - O que causa o vício?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--Z_ylPXIWcNaruhodo #359 - Recompensas pagas ou loot boxes em jogos online são perigosos?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfZ9gKuGIXI*APOIE O NARUHODO PELA PLATAFORMA ORELO!Um aviso importantíssimo: o podcast Naruhodo agora está no Orelo: https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-oreloE é por meio dessa plataforma de apoio aos criadores de conteúdo que você ajuda o Naruhodo a se manter no ar.Você escolhe um valor de contribuição mensal e tem acesso a conteúdos exclusivos, conteúdos antecipados e vantagens especiais.Além disso, você pode ter acesso ao nosso grupo fechado no Telegram, e conversar comigo, com o Altay e com outros apoiadores.E não é só isso: toda vez que você ouvir ou fizer download de um episódio pelo Orelo, vai também estar pingando uns trocadinhos para o nosso projeto.Então, baixe agora mesmo o app Orelo no endereço Orelo.CC ou na sua loja de aplicativos e ajude a fortalecer o conhecimento científico.https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-orelo

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.08.505352v1?rss=1 Authors: Foster, W., Beach, K. F., Carson, P. F., Harris, K. C., Alonso, B. L., Costa, L. T., Simamora, R. C., Corbin, J. E., Hoag, K. F., Mercado, S. I., Bernhard, A. G., Leung, C. H., Nestler, E. J., Been, L. E. Abstract: In placental mammals, estradiol levels are chronically elevated during pregnancy, but quickly drop to prepartum levels following birth. This may produce an estrogen withdrawal state that has been linked to changes in affective states in humans and rodents during the postpartum period. The neural mechanisms underlying these affective changes, however, are understudied. We used a hormone-simulated pseudopregnancy (HSP), a model of postpartum estrogen withdrawal, in adult female C57BL/6 mice to test the impact of postpartum estrogen withdrawal on several behavioral measures of anxiety and motivation. We found that estrogen withdrawal following HSP increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, but not in the open field or marble burying tests. Although hormone treatment during HSP consistently increased sucrose consumption, sucrose preference was generally not impacted by hormone treatment or subsequent estrogen withdrawal. In the social motivation test, estrogen withdrawal decreased the amount of time spent in proximity to a social stimulus animal. These behavioral changes were accompanied by changes in the expression of {Delta}FosB, a transcription factor correlated with stable long-term plasticity, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Specifically, estrogen-withdrawn females had higher {Delta}FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens core. Using transgenic reporter mice, we found that this increase in {Delta}FosB occurred in both D1- and D2-expressing cells in the NAc core. Together, these results suggest that postpartum estrogen withdrawal impacts anxiety and motivation and increases {Delta}FosB in the NAc core. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.27.505547v1?rss=1 Authors: Yeh, S.-Y., Estill, M., Lardner, C. K., Browne, C. J., Minier-Toribio, A., Futamura, R., Beach, K., McManus, C. A., Xu, S.-j., Zhang, S., Heller, E. A., Shen, L., Nestler, E. J. Abstract: The ability of neurons to respond to external stimuli involves adaptations of gene expression. The transcription factor, {Delta}FOSB, is important for the development of drug addiction, however, its gene targets have not been identified. Here we use CUT&RUN to map the genome-wide enrichment of {Delta}FOSB binding in the two major neuronal cell types of the nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region, after cocaine exposure. The binding landscape shows that the majority of {Delta}FOSB peaks occur outside of promoter regions, including intergenic regions, and are surrounded by epigenetic marks indicative of active enhancers. BRG1, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, overlaps with {Delta}FOSB peaks, consistent with earlier studies of {Delta}FOSB's interacting proteins. In addition, in silico analyses predict that {Delta}FOSB cooperatively regulates gene expression with homeobox and T-box transcription factors. These novel findings uncover key elements of {Delta}FOSB's molecular mechanisms in transcriptional regulation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

In this episode the audience will enjoy a great discussion of the growing potential of methylome and copy number profiling, a technique well established for the classification of brain tumors, in bone and soft tissue tumors diagnosis.Nuclear overexpression of FOS and FOSB have emerged as a reliable surrogate markers to detect rearrangements of the transcription factors FOS and FOSB in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Limitations in specificity and sensitivity remains with some osteosarcoma showing nuclear FOS expression and a small number of osteoblastomas lacking rearrangements. Aggressive appearing osteoblastomas and osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma can be difficult to distinguish.The guest, Dr. Daniel Baumhoer, discusses the potential use of methylation and copy number profiling in this setting. Osteoblastomas were found to be uniformly characterized by flat copy number profiles that can add certainty to their diagnosis. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Daniel Cesar snakker med Emil Loldrup Fosbøl, som er en af de fem vindere af Eliteforsk-prisen 2021. Hvad betyder sådan en pris for ham og hvordan har hans forskning med bl.a. hjerteklapper ført til en pris.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.01.276626v1?rss=1 Authors: Marballi, K. K., Alganem, K., Brunwasser, S. J., Barkatullah, A., Meyers, K. T., Campbell, J. M., Mccullumsmith, R. E., Gallitano, A. L. Abstract: The immediate early gene transcription factor early growth response 3 (EGR3) has been identified as a master regulator of genes differentially expressed in the brains of patients with neuropsychiatric illnesses ranging from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to Alzheimers Disease. These studies used bioinformatics approaches that identify networks of gene and proteins. However, few gene targets of EGR3 have actually been identified and validated in the mammalian brain. Our studies in mice have shown that Egr3 is required for stress-responsive behavior, memory, and the form of hippocampal plasticity long-term depression. To identify genes regulated by Egr3 that may play a role in these processes, we conducted an expression microarray on hippocampi from (WT) and Egr3-/- mice following electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), as stimulus that induces maximal expression of immediate early genes including Egr3. We identifies 71 genes that were differentially expressed between the WT and Egr3-/- mice one hour following ECS, a time when we would expect to identify direct targets of EGR3. Bioinformatic analyses showed that many of these are altered in schizophrenia. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the leading category of differentially expressed are members of the GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) family (Gadd45b, Gadd45g, and Cdkn1a). Together with members of the AP-1 transcription factor family (Fos, Fosb), and the centromere organization protein Cenpa, that were also identified, these results revealed that Egr3 is required for activity-dependent expression of genes involved in the response to DNA damage. Using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) we validated key genes in the original RNA samples from male mice as well as in an independent cohort of female mice. Promoter analyses indicate that a number of these genes may be direct targets of EGR3 regulation. Our findings indicated that EGR3 as a critical regulator of genes that are disrupted in schizophrenia and reveal a novel role for EGR3 in regulating genes involved in activity-induced DNA damage response. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.30.181115v1?rss=1 Authors: Pace, S. A., Christensen, C., Schackmuth, M. K., Wallace, T., McKlveen, J. M., Beischel, W., Morano, R. L., Scheimann, J. R., Wilson, S. P., Herman, J. P., Myers, B. Abstract: Exposure to prolonged stress is a major risk-factor for psychiatric disorders such as generalized anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD). Human imaging studies have identified structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of MDD patients, particularly Brodmann area 25 (BA25). Further, deep brain stimulation of BA25 reduces symptoms of treatment-resistant depression. The rat homolog of BA25 is the infralimbic cortex (IL), which is critical for cognitive appraisal, executive function, and physiological stress reactivity. Previous studies indicate that the IL undergoes stress-induced changes in excitatory/inhibitory balance culminating in reduced activity of glutamate output neurons. However, the regulatory role of IL glutamate output in mood-related behaviors after chronic variable stress (CVS) is unknown. Here, we utilized a lentiviral-packaged small-interfering RNA to reduce translation of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1 siRNA), thereby constraining IL glutamate output. This viral-mediated gene transfer was used in conjunction with a quantitative anatomical analysis of cells expressing the stable immediate-early gene product {triangleup}FosB, which accumulates in response to repeated neural activation. Through assessment of {triangleup}FosB-expressing neurons across the frontal lobe in adult male rats, we mapped regions altered by chronic stress and determined the coordinating role of the IL in frontal cortical plasticity. Specifically, CVS-exposed rats had increased density of {triangleup}FosB-expressing cells in the IL and decreased density in the anterior insula. The later effect was dependent on IL glutamate output. Next, we examined the interaction of CVS and reduced IL glutamate output in behavioral assays examining coping, anxiety-like behavior, associative learning, and nociception. IL glutamate knockdown decreased immobility during the forced swim test compared to GFP controls, both in rats exposed to CVS as well as rats without previous stress exposure. Further, vGluT1 siRNA prevented CVS-induced avoidance behaviors, while also reducing risk aversion and passive coping. Ultimately, this study identifies the necessity of IL glutamatergic output for regulating frontal cortical neural activity and behavior following chronic stress. These findings also highlight how disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance within specific frontal cortical cell populations may impact neurobehavioral adaptation and lead to stress-related disorders. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.135517v1?rss=1 Authors: Noback, M., Zhang, G., White, N., Barrow, J. C., Carr, G. V. Abstract: Social isolation is a growing public health concern across the lifespan. Specifically, isolation early in life, during critical periods of brain development, increases the risk of psychiatric disorders later in life. Previous studies of isolation models in mice have shown distinct neurological abnormalities in various regions of the brain, but the mechanism linking the experience of isolation to these phenotypes is unclear. In this study, we show that {Delta}FosB, a long-lived transcription factor associated with chronic stress responses and drug-induced neuroplasticity, is upregulated in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adult C57BL/6J mice isolated for two weeks post-weaning. Additionally, a related transcription factor, FosB, is also increased in the medial prefrontal cortex in socially isolated females. These results show that short-term isolation during the critical post-weaning period has long-lasting and sex-dependent effects on gene expression in brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Corey and Steve talk with MSU Neuroscientist A.J. Robison about why females may be more likely to suffer from depression than males. A.J. reviews past findings that low testosterone and having a smaller hippocampus may predict depression risk. He explains how a serendipitous observation opened up his current line of research and describes tools he uses to study neural circuits. Steve asks about the politics of studying sex differences and tells of a start up using CRISPR to attack heart disease. The three end with a discussion of the psychological effects of ketamine, testosterone and deep brain stimulation.Topics 01:18 – Link between antidepressants, neurogenesis and reducing risk of depression 13:54 – Nature of Mouse models 23:19 – How you tell whether a mouse exhibits depressive symptoms 32:36 – Liz Williams' serendipitous finding and the issue of biological sex 45:47 – A.J.'s research plans for circuit specific gene editing in the mouse brain and a start up's plan to use it to tackle human cardiovascular disease 59:07 – Psychological and Neurological Effects of Ketamine. Testosterone and Deep Brain Stimulation Resources Transcript Robison Lab at MSU @RobisonLabMSU Papers Androgen-dependent excitability of mouse ventral hippocampal afferents to nucleus accumbens underlies sex-specific susceptibility to stress. Neurogenesis and The Effect of Antidepressants Integrating Interleukin-6 into depression diagnosis and treatment Sub-chronic variable stress induces sex-specific effects on glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. Prefrontal cortical circuit for depression- and anxiety-related behaviors mediated by cholecystokinin: role of ΔFosB. Emerging role of viral vectors for circuit-specific gene interrogation and manipulation in rodent brain.

Corey and Steve talk with MSU Neuroscientist A.J. Robison about why females may be more likely to suffer from depression than males. A.J. reviews past findings that low testosterone and having a smaller hippocampus may predict depression risk. He explains how a serendipitous observation opened up his current line of research and describes tools he uses to study neural circuits. Steve asks about the politics of studying sex differences and tells of a start up using CRISPR to attack heart disease. The three end with a discussion of the psychological effects of ketamine, testosterone and deep brain stimulation.Topics 01:18 – Link between antidepressants, neurogenesis and reducing risk of depression 13:54 – Nature of Mouse models 23:19 – How you tell whether a mouse exhibits depressive symptoms 32:36 – Liz Williams' serendipitous finding and the issue of biological sex 45:47 – A.J.'s research plans for circuit specific gene editing in the mouse brain and a start up's plan to use it to tackle human cardiovascular disease 59:07 – Psychological and Neurological Effects of Ketamine. Testosterone and Deep Brain Stimulation Resources Transcript Robison Lab at MSU @RobisonLabMSU Papers Androgen-dependent excitability of mouse ventral hippocampal afferents to nucleus accumbens underlies sex-specific susceptibility to stress. Neurogenesis and The Effect of Antidepressants Integrating Interleukin-6 into depression diagnosis and treatment Sub-chronic variable stress induces sex-specific effects on glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. Prefrontal cortical circuit for depression- and anxiety-related behaviors mediated by cholecystokinin: role of ΔFosB. Emerging role of viral vectors for circuit-specific gene interrogation and manipulation in rodent brain.

This week's episode is not for little kids' ears! But it is one for husbands, wives, moms, dads, and teenagers. And is definitely a discussion topic for you and your pre-teens. It's a good reminder to also mention that this is not a topic solely for those in the foster/adoptive community. There are many children that come from hard places that have had egregious sins committed against them, but in the realm of pornography and masturbation - this is a topic that affects everyone. Even if you don't believe me. One scary and true thing that was said in this episode is that your children may not be looking for porn - but porn is looking for them! This is a multi billion dollar industry that wants to find new addicts.  We have Robert Watson as our special guest this week. He is a pastor at Sun Valley Community Church, and he delivered an awesome sermon on this topic last year. You can find it here, but he shares all the main points on the podcast today. This is not just a typical sermon. This is a science lesson and soul lesson wrapped in one.  Some bullet points on what we discussed: - In the realm of sex and porn, people don't want to talk about this because the topic is taboo and filled with GUILT and SHAME. We want people to escape from that realm and walk in the light, where there is Freedom and Peace. - Pornography and masturbation are addictions and appetites that need to be filled the more that they are practiced. When you go to the store on an empty stomach - you will make less healthy food choices in the long run, and you will sample anything and everything along the way. Similarly with sex, you may be longing for intimacy or relationship, but you fill yourself with garbage and actual ruin your ability to enjoy true intimacy and relationship by engaging in porn and self-pleasuring. - Young women! Think about what you post online. Why are you always in a bikini? Why do you always need to show your boobs?? WHAT DO YOU WANT? Just some attention? For people to tell you that you are pretty? Hot? Think about WHAT you want (attention? relationship? intimacy?) and think about HOW you want to get it.  Brain chemistry and some weird terms (but great rapper names): - There is a protein that your brain creates called DeltaFosB.  "[ΔFosB is] almost like a molecular switch. ... Once it's flipped on, it stays on for a while and doesn't go away easily. This phenomenon is observed in response to chronic administration of virtually any drug of abuse. It is also observed after high levels of consumption of natural rewards (exercise, sucrose, high fat diet, sex)." Read the full article here. - Crebb. "CREB is like the brakes on a runaway reward center; it slows the pleasure response. [22]With CREB onboard, porn that once excited a person stops having the same effect. [23] Scientists believe that CREB is partly why consumers have to keep increasing their porn intake to get aroused. [24] That numbed-out state is called “tolerance,” and it’s part of any kind of addiction." Read this full article here. What this means is people need to keep upping the ante on what they are watching and doing and how frequently they are doing those addictive things.  - This is not a podcast episode to tell men that they are terrible. Women are also addicted to porn, as well as romance novels! You can read this article about how this happened to a well known Romance Book author, Francine Rivers. - This is why sin is progressive, when we decide to hide and keep it a secret from those we love, it just keeps getting worse. But there is help for everyone in all situations, once we choose to get help! Now what? -  The Adam and Eve Effect: This is when you love the one you are with. You don't compare them to anyone else - because back in the day - there was no one to compare Eve to. She was Adam's one and only. And same with Eve.  - Robert mentioned this TedTalk by Gary Wilson, who talks about how men who have come out of their porn addiction have been able to learn French, and picked up new, incredible hobbies, very quickly once their brains got freed up from all the porn they were consuming.  - There is lots of help out there. You just have to be willing to find it AND use it. We want to make the finding part easy for you: - Covenant Eyes: For internet accountability and filtering. - XXXChurch : To help men and women break free from porn addiction - Celebrate Recovery: Find one near you! This is a Christ-centered 12 step recovery program, and it's amazing. - Disney Circle : to help you filter what people in your house are watching, and even when and how long they are able to watch them. We have this and it's a great tool! - TALK. As in, talk about this with people you love and trust. There is hope and freedom for everyone. The (Good) Words of the Day "Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a person commits are outside the body, but whoever sins sexually, sins against their own body." -1 Corinthians 6:18  “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell." -Matthew 5:27-30 These verses do not condemn or condone bad behavior. They are wise counsel to RUN AWAY, to be extreme, in escaping the strong grip of the sexual temptation and sin that is out there! We hope that this week's episode has shed some light on a very powerful topic that is ruining families and society.  Please feel free to share this with anyone you think might need to hear this today. If you want to connect on Social Media, you can find us at: Robert Watson on Facebook Jihae Watson on Facebook Fostering Voices on Instagram Jihae Watson on Instagram AND we would LOVE it if you would leave us a review on iTunes! This helps others to find our podcast so we can share these voices from the foster care and adoption community!

En los. cerebros de personas diagnosticadas de depresión el gen Delta-FosB se expresa menos. Citamos el siguiente artículo:ΔFosB in brain reward circuits mediates resilience to stress and antidepressant responses publicado en 2010 por Vialou y colaboradores.El abstract del trabajo se puede consultar aquí:http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v13/n6/full/nn.2551.html

How does nicotine open a gateway to cocaine addiction? A new study indicates that nicotine primes the brain for cocaine - by altering the structure of a gene linked to learning, memory and addiction. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

How does nicotine open a gateway to cocaine addiction? A new study indicates that nicotine primes the brain for cocaine - by altering the structure of a gene linked to learning, memory and addiction. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

In this study a structure–function analysis has been employed to analyze transcriptional regulation through the Mediator subunit MED25. A relationship could be established between predicted structural domains and functional characteristics of this protein. Most critically the region responsible for interaction of MED25 with the Mediator was identified. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the so–called VWA domain (von–Willebrand A domain, amino acids 1–290) is both sufficient and required for this contact. Site–directed mutagenesis indicates that this binding reaction involves the non–conserved loop SR2, which is protruding from this domain. Based on the results of this analysis a model was proposed, in which the primary contact is established by ionic forces and is further stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The previously identified ACID domain was reported to bind to VP16. Targeted mutagenesis of four different motifs in this region impaired not only transcriptional activation through MED25 but also led to reduced binding to VP16. In particluar a lysine–rich motif is also present in two domains of PTOV1, a close homolog of MED25. Noteworthy, K518 is not conserved in the PTOV1_B domain, which in contrast to PTOV1_A and the ACID domain of MED25 does not bind to VP16. This led to the hypothesis that K518 is critically involved in the binding of VP16 to MED25. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that MED25 contains an intrinsic transcriptional activation capacity, which is localized in the region 290–715. This indicates additional recruitment of other factors to promoters through this region. Together with the Mediator binding VWA–domain and the VP16–interaction domain this region might facilitate transcriptional activation. A genome–wide screen showed downregulation of c–Jun and FosB following overexpression of MED25. Interestingly, expression of GSK3β, a downstream target of which is cyclin D1, seems to be stimulated by MED25. Together with the finding that overexpression of MED25 leads to activation of a p21 reporter, this raises the possibility that MED25 is involved in cell cycle control. An overlap has been discovered by comparison of MED25 target genes and genes identified previously as target for the viral activator EBNA2. The close homology between the activation domains of EBNA2 and VP16 implies a common mechanism of transcriptional activation by these two viral proteins through MED25. The involvement of MED25 in gene activation by viral activators might indicate a role for this Mediator subunit in viral transcription.