Podcasts about neural basis

As estrogen drops, our midlife brains go through a lot of changes. The activity in our dopamine network declines, which can leave us going from highly motivated to “meh.” We can experience bigger cortisol spikes and have elevated levels of the stress hormone longer. We can end up feeling constantly stressed out and in a doom spiral we can't quite escape. And it doesn't exactly help that many of us are also firmly entrenched in the most demanding period of our lives. This week's guest, cognitive neuroscientist Therese Huston, PhD, is coming to the rescue with a host of simple–and quick–ways to boost our dopamine, keep cortisol in check, and help our midlife brains be their best.Therese Huston, PhD, is a cognitive neuroscientist at Seattle University and the author of four books. She's always asking, “How can we remove the pesky obstacles that get in the way of smart people?” Her latest book, Sharp: 14 Simple Ways to Improve Your Life with Brain Science, offers science-backed actionable strategies, many of which take 5 minutes or less, to help you make the most of the brain you've got. Therese received her MS and PhD in cognitive psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. She completed a prestigious post-doc in cognitive neuroscience at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and earned a degree in Organizational Leadership at Oxford University. She frequently gives talks and runs workshops for organizations like Microsoft, Amazon, Morgan Stanley, Strava, and the Cleveland Clinic. She also loves a good 5K, especially when the rain takes a pause in her hometown of Seattle. You can learn more about her, her work, and her books at www.theresehuston.com.Resources: The Healthy Minds Program app hereSubscribe to the Feisty 40+ newsletter: https://feistymedia.ac-page.com/feisty-40-sign-up-page Follow Us on Instagram:Feisty Menopause: @feistymenopause Hit Play Not Pause Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/807943973376099 Support our Partners:Midi Health: You Deserve to Feel Great. Book your virtual visit today at https://www.joinmidi.com/ Nutrisense: Go to nutrisense.io/hitplay and use code: HITPLAY to get 30% off Previnex: Get 15% off your first order with code HITPLAY at https://www.previnex.com/ Paradis Sport: Use code: FEISTY20 for 20% off any single item at https://paradissport.com/This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Spotify Ad Analytics - https://www.spotify.com/us/legal/ad-analytics-privacy-policy/Podcorn - https://podcorn.com/privacyPodscribe - https://podscribe.com/privacy

Send us a textAbout the guest: Ev Fedorenko is a neuroscientist at MIT. He lab studies the neural basis of language, speech, and thought in the human brain.Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Fedorenko discuss: the relationship between language and thought; the extent to which language is for thinking vs. communication; Noam Chomsky's Universal Grammar theory; Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; language acquisition & language learning; language networks in the brain; neuroanatomy & brain lateralization; large language models (LLMs) & machine intelligence; and more.Related episodes:M&M #141: Evolution, Language, Domestication, Symbolic Cognition, AI & Large Language ModelsM&M #20: Language, Symbolic Cognition, Evolution, Origins of the Human Mind | Terrence Deacon*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.*Full episode available free on Substack & YouTube.Support the showAll episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Affiliates: MASA Chips—delicious tortilla chips made from organic corn and grass-fed beef tallow. No seed oils, artificial ingredients, etc. Use code MIND for 20% off. SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount. Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off. Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase. Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

Send us a textAbout the guest: Marcelo Dietrich, MD, PhD is an associate professor in Comparative Medicine & Neuroscience at Yale University, where his lab studies the neural basis of behavior in mammals.Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Dietrich discuss: maternal care behavior, mother-infant bonding, and feeding in infant mammals; neural circuits regulating hunger & satiety; brain development & early social learning; behavioral variability among individuals; and more.Related episodes:M&M #159: Neuroscience of Social Behavior, Pain, Empathy, Emotion, Brain Mechanisms of MDMA | Monique SmithM&M #108: Monogamy, Sexual & Parental Behavior, Social Attachment, Oxytocin, Sex Hormones, Childhood Psychosis, Menopause & Brain Development | Devanand Manoli*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.Support the showAll episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Affiliates: MASA Chips—delicious tortilla chips made from organic corn and grass-fed beef tallow. No seed oils, artificial ingredients, etc. Use code MIND for 20% off. SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount. Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off. Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase. Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

Send us a textAbout the guest: Gregory Scherrer, PharmD, PhD is a neuroscientist whose lab at teh University of North Carolina studies the neural basis of pain, including its sensory, emotional, and cognitive components. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Scherrer discuss: the neural basis of pain sensation & pain perception; opioids & the opioid system; cognitive modulation of painful experiences; neural basis of placebo effects; endogenous opioid system; and more.Related episodes:M&M #52: Pain Drugs, NSAIDs, Opioids, Oxycodone, Heroin, Fentanyl & the Neuroscience of Pain | David RobersonM&M #159: Neuroscience of Social Behavior, Pain, Empathy, Emotion, Brain Mechanisms of MDMA | Monique Smith*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.Support the showAll episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Affiliates: MASA Chips—delicious tortilla chips made from organic corn and grass-fed beef tallow. No seed oils, artificial ingredients, etc. Use code MIND for 20% off. SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount. Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off. Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase. Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

Pre-order my audiobook ‘How to Chase Change', on sale September 10th. Join the DYFM Facebook Group  Follow @dyfmpodcast on IG   Follow @dyfmpodcast on TT Follow @alexispredez on IG    Follow @alexispredez on TT See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Send us a Text Message.About the guest: Giulia Santoni, PhD is a neuroscientist who obtained her PhD at the EPFL in Switzerland, where she studied epigenetic influences on memory formation.Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Santoni discuss: transcription & gene regulation; synaptic plasticity; learning & associative memory; epigenetics, histones, DNA methylation, and mechanisms of gene regulation; chromatin plasticity & the neural basis of memory formation; and more.Related episodes:Emotion, Cognition, Consciousness, Behavior & Brain Evolution | Joseph LeDoux | #73Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Flexibility & Control, Attention, Working Memory, Multitasking & Behavior | Tobias Egner | #130*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.Support the Show.All episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Try Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase.Try SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount.Try the Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off.Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

Patrick Beukema has a Ph.D. in neuroscience and has worked on AI models for brain decoding, which analyzes the brain's activity to decipher what people are seeing and thinking. Join us at our first in-person conference on June 25 all about AI Quality: https://www.aiqualityconference.com/ Huge thank you to LatticeFlow for sponsoring this episode. LatticeFlow - https://latticeflow.ai/ MLOps podcast #225 with Patrick Beukema, Head / Technical Lead of the Environmental AI, Applied Science Organization at AI2, Beyond AGI, Can AI Help Save the Planet? // Abstract AI will play a central role in solving some of our greatest environmental challenges. The technology that we need to solve these problems is in a nascent stage -- we are just getting started. For example, the combination of remote sensing (satellites) and high-performance AI operating at a global scale in real-time unlocks unprecedented avenues to new intelligence. MLOPs is often overlooked on AI teams, and typically there is a lot of friction in integrating software engineering best practices into the ML/AI workflow. However, performance ML/AI depends on extremely tight feedback loops from the user back to the model that enables high iteration velocity and ultimately continual improvement. We are making progress but environmental causes need your help. Join us fight for sustainability and conservation. // Bio Patrick is a machine learning engineer and scientist with a deep passion for leveraging artificial intelligence for social good. He currently leads the environmental AI team at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2). His professional interests extend to enhancing scientific rigor in academia, where he is a strong advocate for the integration of professional software engineering practices to ensure reliability and reproducibility in academic research. Patrick holds a Ph.D. from the Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University, where his research focused on neural plasticity and accelerated learning. He applied this expertise to develop state-of-the-art deep learning models for brain decoding of patient populations at a startup, later acquired by BlackRock. His earlier academic work spanned research on recurrent neural networks, causal inference, and ecology and biodiversity. // MLOps Jobs board https://mlops.pallet.xyz/jobs // MLOps Swag/Merch https://mlops-community.myshopify.com/ // Related Links Variety of relevant papers/talks/links on Patrick's website: https://pbeukema.github.io/ --------------- ✌️Connect With Us ✌️ ------------- Join our slack community: https://go.mlops.community/slack Follow us on Twitter: @mlopscommunity Sign up for the next meetup: https://go.mlops.community/register Catch all episodes, blogs, newsletters, and more: https://mlops.community/ Connect with Demetrios on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dpbrinkm/ Connect with Patrick on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/plbeukema/ Timestamps: [00:00] AI Quality Conference [01:29] Patrick's preferred coffee [02:00] Takeaways [04:14] Learning how to learn journey [07:04] Patrick's day to day [08:39] Environmental AI [11:07] Environmental AI models [14:35] Nature Inspires Scientific Advances [18:11] R&D [24:58] Iterative Feedback-Driven Development [26:37 - 28:07] LatticeFlow Ad [33:58] Balancing Metrics for Success [38:16] Model Retraining Pipeline [44:11] Series Models: Versatility [45:57] Edge Models Enhance Output [50:22] Custom Models for Specific Data [53:53] Wrap up

In this episode, I talk with Dorothy Bishop, Emeritus Professor of Developmental Neuropsychology at the University of Oxford, about her work on developmental langauge disorder and its neural basis.Bishop websiteBishop DVM. Comprehension in developmental language disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1979;21:225-38. [doi]Bishop DVM, Snowling MJ, Thompson PA, Greenhalgh T, CATALISE consortium. CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study: Identifying language impairments in children. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0158753. [doi]Bishop DVM, Snowling MJ, Thompson PA, Greenhalgh T, CATALISE‐2 consortium. Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58:1068-80. [doi]Wilson AC, Bishop DVM. Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation. PeerJ. 2018;6:e4217. [doi]Bishop D. Rein in the four horsemen of irreproducibility. Nature. 2019;568:435. [doi]

In episode 102 of The Gradient Podcast, Daniel Bashir speaks to Peter Tse.Professor Tse is a Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and chair of the department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College. His research focuses on using brain and behavioral data to constrain models of the neural bases of attention and consciousness, unconscious processing that precedes and constructs consciousness, mental causation, and human capacities for imagination and creativity. He is especially interested in the processing that goes into the construction of conscious experience between retinal activation at time 0 and seeing an event about a third of a second later.Have suggestions for future podcast guests (or other feedback)? Let us know here or reach us at editor@thegradient.pubSubscribe to The Gradient Podcast:  Apple Podcasts  | Spotify | Pocket Casts | RSSFollow The Gradient on TwitterOutline:* (00:00) Intro* (01:45) Prof. Tse's background* (03:25) Early experiences in physics/math and philosophy of physics* (06:10) Choosing to study neuroscience* (07:15) Prof Tse's commitments about determinism* (10:00) Quantum theory and determinism* (13:45) Biases/preferences in choosing theories* (20:41) Falsifiability and scientific questions, transition from physics to neuroscience* (30:50) How neuroscience is unusual among the sciences* (33:20) Neuroscience and subjectivity* (34:30) Reductionism* (37:30) Gestalt psychology* (41:30) Introspection in neuroscience* (45:30) The preconscious buffer and construction of conscious experience, color constancy* (53:00) Perceptual and cognitive inference* (55:00) AI systems and intrinsic meaning* (57:15) Information vs. meaning* (1:01:45) Consciousness and representation of bodily states* (1:05:10) Our second-order free will* (1:07:20) Jaegwon Kim's exclusion argument* (1:11:45) Why Kim thought his own argument was wrong* (1:15:00) Resistance and counterarguments to Kim* (1:19:45) Criterial causation* (1:23:00) How neurons evaluate inputs criterially* (1:24:00) Concept neurons in the hippocampus* (1:31:57) Criterial causation and physicalism, mental causation* (1:40:10) Daniel makes another attempt to push back

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.04.547734v1?rss=1 Authors: Baier, F., Reinhard, K., Tong, V., Murman, J., Farrow, K., Hoekstra, H. Abstract: Evading imminent predator threat is critical for survival. Effective defensive strategies can vary, even between closely related species. However, the neural basis of such species-specific behaviours is still poorly understood. Here we find that two sister species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) show different responses to the same looming stimulus: P. maniculatus, which occupy densely vegetated habitats, predominantly dart to escape, while the open field specialist, P. polionotus, pause their movement. This difference arises from species-specific escape thresholds, is largely context-independent, and can be triggered by both visual and auditory threat stimuli. Using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings, we find that although visual threat activates the superior colliculus in both species, the role of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) in driving behaviour differs. While dPAG activity scales with running speed and involves both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in P. maniculatus, the dPAG is largely silent in P. polionotus, even when darting is triggered. Moreover, optogenetic activation of excitatory dPAG neurons reliably elicits darting behaviour in P. maniculatus but not P. polionotus. Together, we trace the evolution of species-specific escape thresholds to a central circuit node, downstream of peripheral sensory neurons, localizing an ecologically relevant behavioural difference to a specific region of the complex mammalian brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.26.546557v1?rss=1 Authors: Goldstein, A., Wang, H., Niekerken, L., Zada, Z., Aubrey, B., Sheffer, T., Nastase, S. A., Gazula, H., Schain, M., Singh, A., Rao, A., Choe, G., Kim, C., Doyle, W., Friedman, D., Devore, S., Dugan, P., Hassidim, A., Brenner, M., Matias, Y., Devinsky, O., Flinker, A., Hasson, U. Abstract: Humans effortlessly use the continuous acoustics of speech to communicate rich linguistic meaning during everyday conversations. In this study, we leverage 100 hours (half a million words) of spontaneous open-ended conversations and concurrent high-quality neural activity recorded using electrocorticography (ECoG) to decipher the neural basis of real-world speech production and comprehension. Employing a deep multimodal speech-to-text model named Whisper, we develop encoding models capable of accurately predicting neural responses to both acoustic and semantic aspects of speech. Our encoding models achieved high accuracy in predicting neural responses in hundreds of thousands of words across many hours of left-out recordings. We uncover a distributed cortical hierarchy for speech and language processing, with sensory and motor regions encoding acoustic features of speech and higher-level language areas encoding syntactic and semantic information. Many electrodes including those in both perceptual and motor areas display mixed selectivity for both speech and linguistic features. Notably, our encoding model reveals a temporal progression from language-to-speech encoding before word onset during speech production and from speech-to-language encoding following word articulation during speech comprehension. This study offers a comprehensive account of the unfolding neural responses during fully natural, unbounded daily conversations. By leveraging a multimodal deep speech recognition model, we highlight the power of deep learning for unraveling the neural mechanisms of language processing in real-world contexts. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Découvrez le livre NEUROSAPIENS, sorti le 26 janvier aux éditions Les Arènes !  Pour apprendre à créer rapidement et à moindre coût son podcast, c'est par ici !  Nous allons parler thunes, blé, denier, écus, fric, oseille ou encore moula. Bref, nous allons parler argent. Et oui, je sais, en France, ça ne se fait pas trop de parler argent, par conséquent je vous propose non pas UN épisode mais DEUX épisodes sur le sujet. Deux épisodes, pour la simple raison que l'argent est un sujet complexe, qui soutient notre fonctionnement économique et social, qui entoure notre passé, présent et futur, qui impacte notre personnalité, nos rêves, notre santé mentale mais aussi nos relations sociales, nos vies professionnelles et notre descendance. La première partie qui est celle d'aujourd'hui, se concentrera sur l'argent et son impact sur notre cerveau, nos comportements, nos émotions. Que se passe-t-il dans le cerveau lorsque l'argent entre en jeu ? Existent-ils des neurones de l'argent ?  Production, animation, réalisation et illustration : Anaïs Roux Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/neurosapiens.podcast/ neurosapiens.podcast@gmail.com Produit et distribué en association avec LACME Production. _________ Musique  KEEP ON GOING Musique proposée par La Musique Libre Joakim Karud - Keep On Going : https://youtu.be/lOfg0jRqaA8 Joakim Karud : https://soundcloud.com/joakimkarud ONE NIGHT AWAY Musique de Patrick Patrikios _________ Sources :  C. Tallon-Baudry et al., in PloSONE vol. 6, e28229, 2011. Breiter HC, Gollub RL, Weisskoff RM, Kennedy DN, Makris N, Berke JD, Goodman JM, Kantor HL, Gastfriend DR, Riorden JP, Mathew RT, Rosen BR, Hyman SE. Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion. Neuron. 1997 Sep;19(3):591-611. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80374-8. PMID: 9331351.  Sescousse G, Redouté J, Dreher JC. The architecture of reward value coding in the human orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 29;30(39):13095-104. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3501-10.2010. PMID: 20881127; PMCID: PMC6633499. https://hbr.org/2015/10/what-happens-to-your-brain-when-you-negotiate-about-money Sanfey, Alan & Rilling, James & Aronson, Jessica & Nystrom, Leigh & Cohen, Jonathan. (2003). The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game. Science (New York, N.Y.). 300. 1755-8. 10.1126/science.1082976.  Cristofori I, Harquel S, Isnard J, Mauguière F, Sirigu A. Monetary reward suppresses anterior insula activity during social pain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015 Dec;10(12):1668-76. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv054. Epub 2015 May 11. PMID: 25964499; PMCID: PMC4666104.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.16.537007v1?rss=1 Authors: Smoulder, A. L., Marino, P. J., Oby, E. R., Snyder, S. E., Miyata, H., Pavlovsky, N. P., Bishop, W. E., Yu, B. M., Chase, S. M., Batista, A. P. Abstract: Incentives tend to drive improvements in performance. But when incentives get too high, we can "choke under pressure" and underperform when it matters most. What neural processes might lead to choking under pressure? We studied Rhesus monkeys performing a challenging reaching task in which they underperform when an unusually large "jackpot" reward is at stake. We observed a collapse in neural information about upcoming movements for jackpot rewards: in the motor cortex, neural planning signals became less distinguishable for different reach directions when a jackpot reward was made available. We conclude that neural signals of reward and motor planning interact in the motor cortex in a manner that can explain why we choke under pressure. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.14.536865v1?rss=1 Authors: Barany, D. A., Lacey, S., Matthews, K. L., Nygaard, L. C., Sathian, K. Abstract: Non-arbitrary mapping between the sound of a word and its meaning, termed sound symbolism, is commonly studied through correspondences between sounds and visual shapes, e.g., auditory pseudowords, like 'mohloh' and 'kehteh', are matched to rounded and pointed visual shapes, respectively. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of the pseudoword-shape correspondence. During scanning, right-handed participants (n = 22) encountered audiovisual stimuli consisting of a simultaneously presented visual shape (rounded or pointed) and an auditory pseudoword ('mohloh' or 'kehteh') and indicated via a right-handed keypress whether the stimuli matched or not. Reaction times were faster for congruent than incongruent stimuli. On a univariate contrast between congruent and incongruent stimuli, activity was greater in the left primary auditory and somatosensory cortices, left anterior fusiform/parahippocampal and right mid-cingulate gyri, and caudate nuclei bilaterally for the congruent condition; and at left precentral, left supplementary motor and bilateral anterior insular cortical foci in the incongruent condition. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed higher classification accuracy in the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area), the left supramarginal gyrus, and the right mid-occipital gyrus for the audiovisual stimuli when bimodally congruent than when incongruent. Visual and auditory cortices robustly differentiated between the two visual/auditory stimuli, respectively, regardless of audiovisual congruency. Frontoparietal cortical regions distinguished congruent from incongruent stimulus pairs, independent of the visual or auditory features. Taken together, these findings indicate that sound-symbolic correspondences engage neural processes in sensory, motor, and language systems. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.529872v1?rss=1 Authors: Mao, Y., Li, L., Li, Y., Hou, X., Duan, S. Abstract: Background: Childhood maltreatment is considered as a robust predictor of depression. However, the underlying psychological and neurological mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and depression remain poorly understood. Sufficient evidence demonstrates emotion dysregulation in individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment, but it is unknown whether these changes represent vulnerability for depression. Here we speculated that decreased cognitive reappraisal and its corresponding neural basis might explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment and follow-up depression. Methods: First, we investigated whether cognitive reappraisal can explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, with a cross-sectional (n = 657) behavioral sample. Then we recruit 38 maltreated participants and 27 controls to complete the cognitive reappraisal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. The between-group difference in brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) were tested using independent t-tests. Finally, we investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment, task-based brain activity and depression. Results: The behavior results suggested that cognitive reappraisal mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and depression. Specifically, participants with higher level of childhood maltreatment tend to have deficit in cognitive reappraisal, which ultimately predict higher level of depression when facing stressful life event. In addition, the maltreated group exhibited lower activation of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and higher FC of between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), OFC, and amygdala during cognitive reappraisal, compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the FC of DLPFC-amygdala mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and depression. Conclusion: In summary, childhood maltreatment is associated with inefficient cognitive reappraisal ability, manifesting as aberrant modulation of cortical areas on amygdala. These cognitive and neural deficits might explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment and risk of depression in later life. On the other side, cognitive reappraisal might also be a potential resilient factor for the prevention of maltreatment related emotional problems. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

In today's episode, Gina discusses the importance of gratitude in our anxiety recovery journey and shares a number of findings regarding how and why gratitude helps so much. Included are recommendations for how to increase the amount of gratitude in your life. Listen in to learn how gratitude can help you in your anxiety recovery today! Please visit our Sponsor Page to find all the links and codes for our awesome sponsors! https://www.theanxietycoachespodcast.com/sponsors/ Thank you for supporting The Anxiety Coaches Podcast. The study mentioned in today's episode: The Neural Basis of Human Social Values: Evidence from Functional MRI link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2733324/ Episodes mentioned in today's episode: 779: Appreciation And Gratitude Pave The Way To Peace And Calm https://www.theanxietycoachespodcast.com/779-appreciation-and-gratitude-pave-the-way-to-peace-and-calm/ 560: Recipe For Gratefulness https://www.theanxietycoachespodcast.com/560-recipe-for-gratefulness/ Find even more peace and calm with our Supercast premium access membership! https://anxietycoaches.supercast.com/ Here's what's included for $5/month: ❤ New Ad-Free episodes every Sunday and Wednesday ❤ Access to the entire Ad-free back-catalog with over 600 episodes ❤ Premium meditations recorded with you in mind ❤ And more fun surprises along the way! All this in your favorite podcast app! To learn more go to: https://www.theanxietycoachespodcast.com Join our Group Coaching Full or Mini Membership Program  Learn more about our One-on-One Coaching What is anxiety? Quote: It is through gratitude for the present moment that the spiritual dimension of life opens up. –Eckhart Tolle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Episode Notes Yank your concept of crayfish out of the water. In this episode, Nicole walks us through one of her favorite arthropod groups and makes a pretty good case for why prairie lovers should love these little crustaceans that burrow deep into the prairie. She also makes us rethink crayfish boils forever. Primary Sources: Florey, C. 2019. Description of Burrow Structure for Four Crayfish Species. [Master's thesis, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555413606702675 Fossat, P., Bacque-Cazenave, J., et al. 2014. Anxiety-like behavior in crayfish is controlled by serotonin. Science 344(6189): 1293-1297. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248811 Huber, R., Imeh-Nathaniel, A., Nathaniel, T., et al. 2018. Drug-sensitive Reward in Crayfish: Exploring the Neural Basis of Addiction with Automated Learning Paradigms. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.015 Dasho, I., and DiStefano, B. 2020. Burrowing Crayfish. Missouri Department of Conservation. https://mdc.mo.gov/magazines/conservationist/2020-03/burrowing-crayfish Contact Website Facebook Twitter info@grasslandgroupies.org

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.01.512632v1?rss=1 Authors: Pelofi, C., Rezaeizadeh, M., Farbood, M. M., Shamma, S. Abstract: Seeking exposure to unfamiliar experiences constitutes an essential aspect of the human condition, and the brain must adapt to the constantly changing environment by learning the evolving statistical patterns emerging from it. Cultures are shaped by norms and conventions and therefore novel exposure to an unfamiliar culture induces a type of learning that is often described as implicit: when exposed to a set of stimuli constrained by unspoken rules, cognitive systems must rapidly build a mental representation of the underlying grammar. Music offers a unique opportunity to investigate this implicit statistical learning, as sequences of tones forming melodies exhibit structural properties learned by listeners during short- and long-term exposure. Understanding which specific structural properties of music enhance learning in naturalistic learning conditions reveals hard-wired properties of cognitive systems while elucidating the prevalence of these features across cultural variations. Here we provide behavioral and neural evidence that the prevalence of non-uniform musical scales may be explained by their facilitating effects on melodic learning. In this study, melodies were generated using an artificial grammar with either a uniform (rare) or non-uniform (prevalent) scale. After a short exposure phase, listeners had to detect ungrammatical new melodies while their EEG responses were recorded. Listeners' performance on the task suggested that the extent of statistical learning during music listening depended on the musical scale context: non-uniform scales yielded better syntactic learning. This behavioral effect was mirrored by enhanced encoding of musical syntax in the context of non-uniform scales, which further suggests that their prevalence stems from fundamental properties of learning. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.28.513278v1?rss=1 Authors: da Silva Castanheira, K., Spreng, N., Vassena, E., Otto, A. R. Abstract: Prominent theories of cognitive effort-based decision-making posit that shared brain regions process both potential reward and task demand, supporting the idea that effort allocation are informed by a cost-benefit trade-off, weighing the expected benefits of successful control against the inherent costs of effort exertion. While the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been proposed as a candidate region supporting this decision, it remains unclear whether dACC activity tracks rewards and costs as independent quantities, or it reflects the effort intensity worth the integrated costs and benefits. While recent accounts of dACC function posit a crucial role the region in negotiating cost-benefit trade-offs, empirical evidence for this account remains scarce across single studies. To address this, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis review of neuroimaging studies, using activation-likelihood estimation method to quantify brain activity across 45 studies (N = 1273 participants) investigating reward-guided effort. We found reliable recruitment of the dACC, putamen, and anterior insula for processing both larger rewards and increasing task demands. However, the dACC clusters sensitive to task demands and rewards were anatomically distinct with no significant overlap: caudal dACC activity tracked increasing task demands, while rostral dACC activity tracked increasing rewards. Critically, we also observed that caudal dACC activity tracked the integration of costs and benefits, compatible with mental effort intensity account. These findings suggest there are distinct signals for demand and effort in the dACC which are also integrated to support the decision to invest effort, supporting recent computational accounts of cost-benefit value integration in effort-based choice. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

In this episode, I talk with Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor and Emeritus Professor of Linguistics at MIT and Laureate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Arizona. After starting with a discussion of the early development of Chomsky's key ideas, our conversation is centered on the relationship between generative linguistics and the neuroscience of language.Grodzinsky Y, Finkel L. The neurology of empty categories: Aphasics' failure to detect ungrammaticality. J Cogn Neurosci 1998; 10: 281-92. [doi]Chomsky N. Linguistics and brain science. In: Marantz A, Miyashita Y, O'Neil W, editors. Image, language, brain: Papers from the first mind articulation project symposium. MIT Press; 2000. p. 13-28. [pdf]Musso M, Moro A, Glauche V, Rijntjes M, Reichenbach J, Büchel C, Weiller C. Broca's area and the language instinct. Nat Neurosci 2003; 6: 774-81. [doi]Chomsky N. Language and mind. Cambridge University Press; 2006. [doi]Friederici AD, Chomsky N, Berwick RC, Moro A, Bolhuis JJ. Language, mind and brain. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1: 713-22. [doi]Chomsky N. Linguistics then and now: Some personal reflections. Annu Rev Linguist 2021; 7: 1-11. [doi]Chomsky website

WATCH: https://youtu.be/80jTPjAOzeY Chris Frith is Emeritus Professor of Neuropsychology at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London (UCL), Visiting Professor at the Interacting Minds Centre at Aarhus University, Research Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy and Quondam Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. A Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences from 1999, Chris was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2008 and an Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association in 2010. He has won numerous medals and awards for his significant contributions to neuroscience, including the 2009 European Latsis Prize alongside his wife, the developmental psychologist Uta Frith — also a Fellow of the Royal Society. CONNECT: - Website: https://tevinnaidu.com - Instagram: https://instagram.com/drtevinnaidu - Facebook: https://facebook.com/drtevinnaidu - Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtevinnaidu - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/drtevinnaidu TIMESTAMPS: (0:00) - Introduction (0:36) - Consciousness definition (level vs content) (3:57) - Function of consciousness (evolution) (6:52) - Consciousness & AI (11:31) - Effects of consciousness on interacting with others (18:13) - Self vs consciousness, delusion vs belief, perception vs hallucination (29:59) - Evolutionary psychiatry (33:27) - The source of consciousness (40:20) - Theories of consciousness (50:08) - Interacting minds & future minds (59:01) - Religious/Spiritual views (1:01:27) - Altered states of consciousness (1:09:35) - Quantum consciousness & other minds (1:17:12) - Virtual realities, brains in vats, augmented bodies & sensory substitution (1:22:47) - Free will (1:26:44) - Chris' book recommendations (1:32:03) - Conclusion Website · YouTube · YouTube

WATCH: https://youtu.be/80jTPjAOzeY Chris Frith is Emeritus Professor of Neuropsychology at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London (UCL), Visiting Professor at the Interacting Minds Centre at Aarhus University, Research Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy and Quondam Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. A Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences from 1999, Chris was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2008 and an Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association in 2010. He has won numerous medals and awards for his significant contributions to neuroscience, including the 2009 European Latsis Prize alongside his wife, the developmental psychologist Uta Frith — also a Fellow of the Royal Society. CONNECT: - Website: https://tevinnaidu.com - Instagram: https://instagram.com/drtevinnaidu - Facebook: https://facebook.com/drtevinnaidu - Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtevinnaidu - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/drtevinnaidu TIMESTAMPS: (0:00) - Introduction (0:36) - Consciousness definition (level vs content) (3:57) - Function of consciousness (evolution) (6:52) - Consciousness & AI (11:31) - Effects of consciousness on interacting with others (18:13) - Self vs consciousness, delusion vs belief, perception vs hallucination (29:59) - Evolutionary psychiatry (33:27) - The source of consciousness (40:20) - Theories of consciousness (50:08) - Interacting minds & future minds (59:01) - Religious/Spiritual views (1:01:27) - Altered states of consciousness (1:09:35) - Quantum consciousness & other minds (1:17:12) - Virtual realities, brains in vats, augmented bodies & sensory substitution (1:22:47) - Free will (1:26:44) - Chris' book recommendations (1:32:03) - Conclusion Website · YouTube

Cleotilde González es profesora de investigación en el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Toma de Decisiones de la Universidad Carnegie Mellon. Coty, como le gusta que la llamen, centra su trabajo de investigación en el estudio de la toma de decisiones humanas en entornos dinámicos y complejos.En este episodio, Coty nos relata la evolución de su carrera profesional que combina las ciencias de la computación y la psicología. Viviendo el nacimiento de conceptos como el de Interacción Humano Computadora pronto se dio cuenta que la toma de decisiones era el tema en el que quería orientar sus investigaciones. Desde ese entonces, ha realizado importantes contribuciones en este tema adentrándose tanto en el área de la psicología que recientemente fue reconocida como miembro de por vida de la Sociedad de Ciencias Cognitivas de los Estados Unidos.Es la directora fundadora del Dynamic Decision Making Laboratory , donde los investigadores realizan estudios de comportamiento sobre la toma de decisiones dinámicas utilizando juegos de toma de decisiones, y crean tecnologías y modelos computacionales cognitivos para apoyar la toma de decisiones y el entrenamiento. Coty está afiliada al CyLab Security and Privacy Institute, The HCII Human-Computer Interaction Institute, The Societal Computing program, y The CNBC Center for Neural Basis of Cognition  en la Universidad Carnegie Mellon. Es miembro vitalicio de la Cognitive Science Society  y de la Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. También es miembro del Consejo de Cognitive Science Society. Es editora principal de Topics in Cognitive Science, editora consultora de Decision y editora asociada de System Dynamics Review. También es miembro de los consejos editoriales de otras muchas revistas, como: Cognitive Science, Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, Human Factors y otras.

In today's episode, Massimo is joined by Therese Huston, a cognitive scientist at Seattle University and the author of three books. Her latest book, Let's Talk: Make Effective Feedback Your Superpower, was recently published by Penguin Random House. Therese received her BA from Carleton College and her MS and PhD in cognitive psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. She completed a prestigious post-doc in neuroscience at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and recently finished a post-graduate program in Organizational Leadership at the University of Oxford. In 2004, Therese founded the Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning at Seattle University. Her last book, How Women Decide, was named a summer reading title by Oprah.com and called “required reading on Wall Street” by the New York Times. Therese leads workshops and consults internationally on how to give and solicit more actionable feedback. In addition to speaking at TEDx, Therese has talked at Microsoft, Amazon, the Cleveland Clinic, and the US State Department about how to create more inclusive workplaces. Highlights from today's podcast include: The top 5 ways to make your feedback better How to give hard feedback How to ensure alignment on expectations between the manager and employee The importance of creating psychological safety when we give feedback to our employees Why it is so important for managers to praise the ‘superstars' on the team as well What you can do to be a good listener Connect with Therese: Website Linkedin To download my Conscious Communication Workbook to support you in turning toxic conflict into collaborative gold, please visit Massimobackus.com/workbook

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Top three things that support nerve health in the short and long term: EPA, phosphatidylserine, cholineTo condition healthy food preferences: take something good for you, pair it with something that will increase blood sugar (not spike, but elevate slightly) for 7-10 days to rewire the dopamine reward systemFood impacts our brain and health but there's also a learned response to how our brain functions in response to foodsSome foods to enhance short and long term cognition: fish, blueberries, eggs, cottage cheese, cabbageThe goal is to get proper nutrients via food; use supplements as a backup as neededStart feeding window at least one hour after waking and end the window about 2-3 hours before sleepKeep feeding window consistent day to day without extreme shifts in either directionRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgThis episode I describe science-supported nutrients for brain and performance (cognition) and for nervous system health generally. I describe 10 tools for this purpose, including specific amounts and sources for Omega-3 fatty acids which make up the "structural fat" of neurons (nerve cells) and allow them to function across our lifespan. I also review data on creatine, phosphatidylserine, anthocyanins, choline, glutamine and how they each impact brain function in healthy people seeking to reinforce and improve their cognition and in those combatting cognitive decline. I describe both food-based and supplement-based sources for these compounds, and their effective dose ranges based on peer-reviewed literature. Then I review the 3 factors: gut-brain signaling, perceived taste, and learned associations that combine with the metabolic and blood-sugar-elevating effects of food to determine what foods we seek and prefer. Amazingly, it's not just about what tastes good to us. Next, I explore how we can leverage the neural circuits of learned food preference toward seeking and enjoying the right foods for brain health and performance. I also review new data on non-caloric sweeteners and why consuming them with glucose-elevating foods can be detrimental,  in some cases rapidly leading to insulin dysregulation. This episode covers more than 10 actionable tools for those seeking to improve and/or maintain brain function, and it explains modern neuroscience underlying of our sense of taste, our food seeking preferences and brain metabolism.   Thank you to our sponsors: ROKA - https://www.roka.com -- code: "huberman" InsideTracker - https://www.athleticgreens.com/huberman  Headspace - https://www.headspace.com/specialoffer    RETHINK EDUCATION: The Biology of Learning Featuring Dr. Andrew Huberman: https://youtu.be/Oo7hQapFe3M    Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman    Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman    Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab  Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab  Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network    Links: Review on Anthocyanins & Cognition - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4255  Review on Creatine & Brain Health Studies - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/586  Review on "Rethinking Food Reward" - www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643    Timestamps: 00:00:00 Food & Brain Function Introduction 00:02:08 Summary: Critical Aspects of Time Restricted Feeding/Fasting 00:04:19 Sponsors: ROKA, Athletic Greens, Headspace 00:08:24 Neuroplasticity Super Protocol (Zero-Cost Tools) Online 00:09:22 Eating to Enhance Brain Function & Foundational Aspects of Brain Health  00:13:00 Eating Fats for Brain Health, EFAs Phospholipids (Tool 1: 1-3g EPA Omega-3/day)  00:20:35 Phosphatidylserine (Tool 2: 300mg/day) 00:22:15 Choline, Egg Yolks (Tool 3: 1-2g/day Threshold) 00:28:26 Hydration & Electrolytes (Tool 4) 00:29:50 Liquid Fish Oil/Capsules (2-3g EPA per day; 300mg Alpha GPC 2-4X/week) 00:32:22 Creatine for Cognition (Tool 5: 5g/day)  00:36:28 Anthocyanins, Dark Skin Berries (Tool 6-10mg/day (Extract), 1-2 cups Berries)  00:41:19 L-Glutamine (Tool: 1-10g/day) & Offsetting Apnea & Inflammation 00:49:23 Neural Basis of Food Preference, Yum, Yuck, Meh; Taste, Guts, & Beliefs 00:55:25 Taste is 100% In your Head 00:59:50 Gut Neurons Controlling Food Preference: Neuropod Cells; (Tool 7: Fermented Foods)  01:06:14 Capsule Probiotics, Brain Fog  01:07:16 Learning to Like Specific Tastes: Sweetness & Brain Metabolism 01:12:11 Hard-Wiring & Soft-Wiring 01:13:25 Artificial & Non-Caloric Sweeteners: Safe or Harmful Depends on (Glucose) Context 01:18:15 Non-Caloric Sweetener & Insulin; (Tool 8: Don't Have w/Glucose Elevating Foods) 01:22:17 Beliefs & Thoughts; The Insula; (Tool 9: Pairing-Based Reshaping Food Preferences)  01:30:42 Liking Neuro-Healthy Foods & Bettering Brain Metabolism (Tool 10); Food Wars 01:36:05 Food Reward & Diabetes, Obesity; Important Review Article (See Caption) 01:38:28 Synthesis, Zero-Cost Support, Future Topic Suggestions, Sponsors, Supplements   Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.   Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com 

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Top three things that support nerve health in the short and long term: EPA, phosphatidylserine, cholineTo condition healthy food preferences: take something good for you, pair it with something that will increase blood sugar (not spike, but elevate slightly) for 7-10 days to rewire the dopamine reward systemFood impacts our brain and health but there's also a learned response to how our brain functions in response to foodsSome foods to enhance short and long term cognition: fish, blueberries, eggs, cottage cheese, cabbageThe goal is to get proper nutrients via food; use supplements as a backup as neededStart feeding window at least one hour after waking and end the window about 2-3 hours before sleepKeep feeding window consistent day to day without extreme shifts in either directionRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgThis episode I describe science-supported nutrients for brain and performance (cognition) and for nervous system health generally. I describe 10 tools for this purpose, including specific amounts and sources for Omega-3 fatty acids which make up the "structural fat" of neurons (nerve cells) and allow them to function across our lifespan. I also review data on creatine, phosphatidylserine, anthocyanins, choline, glutamine and how they each impact brain function in healthy people seeking to reinforce and improve their cognition and in those combatting cognitive decline. I describe both food-based and supplement-based sources for these compounds, and their effective dose ranges based on peer-reviewed literature. Then I review the 3 factors: gut-brain signaling, perceived taste, and learned associations that combine with the metabolic and blood-sugar-elevating effects of food to determine what foods we seek and prefer. Amazingly, it's not just about what tastes good to us. Next, I explore how we can leverage the neural circuits of learned food preference toward seeking and enjoying the right foods for brain health and performance. I also review new data on non-caloric sweeteners and why consuming them with glucose-elevating foods can be detrimental,  in some cases rapidly leading to insulin dysregulation. This episode covers more than 10 actionable tools for those seeking to improve and/or maintain brain function, and it explains modern neuroscience underlying of our sense of taste, our food seeking preferences and brain metabolism.   Thank you to our sponsors: ROKA - https://www.roka.com -- code: "huberman" InsideTracker - https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Headspace - https://www.headspace.com/specialoffer    RETHINK EDUCATION: The Biology of Learning Featuring Dr. Andrew Huberman: https://youtu.be/Oo7hQapFe3M    Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman    Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman    Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab  Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab  Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network    Links: Review on Anthocyanins & Cognition - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4255  Review on Creatine & Brain Health Studies - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/586  Review on "Rethinking Food Reward" - www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643    Timestamps: 00:00:00 Food & Brain Function Introduction 00:02:08 Summary: Critical Aspects of Time Restricted Feeding/Fasting 00:04:19 Sponsors: ROKA, Athletic Greens, Headspace 00:08:24 Neuroplasticity Super Protocol (Zero-Cost Tools) Online 00:09:22 Eating to Enhance Brain Function & Foundational Aspects of Brain Health  00:13:00 Eating Fats for Brain Health, EFAs Phospholipids (Tool 1: 1-3g EPA Omega-3/day)  00:20:35 Phosphatidylserine (Tool 2: 300mg/day) 00:22:15 Choline, Egg Yolks (Tool 3: 1-2g/day Threshold) 00:28:26 Hydration & Electrolytes (Tool 4) 00:29:50 Liquid Fish Oil/Capsules (2-3g EPA per day; 300mg Alpha GPC 2-4X/week) 00:32:22 Creatine for Cognition (Tool 5: 5g/day)  00:36:28 Anthocyanins, Dark Skin Berries (Tool 6-10mg/day (Extract), 1-2 cups Berries)  00:41:19 L-Glutamine (Tool: 1-10g/day) & Offsetting Apnea & Inflammation 00:49:23 Neural Basis of Food Preference, Yum, Yuck, Meh; Taste, Guts, & Beliefs 00:55:25 Taste is 100% In your Head 00:59:50 Gut Neurons Controlling Food Preference: Neuropod Cells; (Tool 7: Fermented Foods)  01:06:14 Capsule Probiotics, Brain Fog  01:07:16 Learning to Like Specific Tastes: Sweetness & Brain Metabolism 01:12:11 Hard-Wiring & Soft-Wiring 01:13:25 Artificial & Non-Caloric Sweeteners: Safe or Harmful Depends on (Glucose) Context 01:18:15 Non-Caloric Sweetener & Insulin; (Tool 8: Don't Have w/Glucose Elevating Foods) 01:22:17 Beliefs & Thoughts; The Insula; (Tool 9: Pairing-Based Reshaping Food Preferences)  01:30:42 Liking Neuro-Healthy Foods & Bettering Brain Metabolism (Tool 10); Food Wars 01:36:05 Food Reward & Diabetes, Obesity; Important Review Article (See Caption) 01:38:28 Synthesis, Zero-Cost Support, Future Topic Suggestions, Sponsors, Supplements   Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.   Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com 

This episode I describe science-supported nutrients for brain and performance (cognition) and for nervous system health generally. I describe 10 tools for this purpose, including specific amounts and sources for Omega-3 fatty acids which make up the "structural fat" of neurons (nerve cells) and allow them to function across our lifespan. I also review data on creatine, phosphatidylserine, anthocyanins, choline, glutamine and how they each impact brain function in healthy people seeking to reinforce and improve their cognition and in those combatting cognitive decline. I describe both food-based and supplement-based sources for these compounds, and their effective dose ranges based on peer-reviewed literature. Then I review the 3 factors: gut-brain signaling, perceived taste, and learned associations that combine with the metabolic and blood-sugar-elevating effects of food to determine what foods we seek and prefer. Amazingly, it's not just about what tastes good to us. Next, I explore how we can leverage the neural circuits of learned food preference toward seeking and enjoying the right foods for brain health and performance. I also review new data on non-caloric sweeteners and why consuming them with glucose-elevating foods can be detrimental,  in some cases rapidly leading to insulin dysregulation. This episode covers more than 10 actionable tools for those seeking to improve and/or maintain brain function, and it explains modern neuroscience underlying of our sense of taste, our food seeking preferences and brain metabolism.   Thank you to our sponsors: ROKA - https://www.roka.com -- code: "huberman" InsideTracker - https://www.athleticgreens.com/huberman  Headspace - https://www.headspace.com/specialoffer    RETHINK EDUCATION: The Biology of Learning Featuring Dr. Andrew Huberman: https://youtu.be/Oo7hQapFe3M    Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman    Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman    Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab  Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab  Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network    Links: Review on Anthocyanins & Cognition - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4255  Review on Creatine & Brain Health Studies - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/586  Review on "Rethinking Food Reward" - www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643    Timestamps: 00:00:00 Food & Brain Function Introduction 00:02:08 Summary: Critical Aspects of Time Restricted Feeding/Fasting 00:04:19 Sponsors: ROKA, Athletic Greens, Headspace 00:08:24 Neuroplasticity Super Protocol (Zero-Cost Tools) Online 00:09:22 Eating to Enhance Brain Function & Foundational Aspects of Brain Health  00:13:00 Eating Fats for Brain Health, EFAs Phospholipids (Tool 1: 1-3g EPA Omega-3/day)  00:20:35 Phosphatidylserine (Tool 2: 300mg/day) 00:22:15 Choline, Egg Yolks (Tool 3: 1-2g/day Threshold) 00:28:26 Hydration & Electrolytes (Tool 4) 00:29:50 Liquid Fish Oil/Capsules (2-3g EPA per day; 300mg Alpha GPC 2-4X/week) 00:32:22 Creatine for Cognition (Tool 5: 5g/day)  00:36:28 Anthocyanins, Dark Skin Berries (Tool 6-10mg/day (Extract), 1-2 cups Berries)  00:41:19 L-Glutamine (Tool: 1-10g/day) & Offsetting Apnea & Inflammation 00:49:23 Neural Basis of Food Preference, Yum, Yuck, Meh; Taste, Guts, & Beliefs 00:55:25 Taste is 100% In your Head 00:59:50 Gut Neurons Controlling Food Preference: Neuropod Cells; (Tool 7: Fermented Foods)  01:06:14 Capsule Probiotics, Brain Fog  01:07:16 Learning to Like Specific Tastes: Sweetness & Brain Metabolism 01:12:11 Hard-Wiring & Soft-Wiring 01:13:25 Artificial & Non-Caloric Sweeteners: Safe or Harmful Depends on (Glucose) Context 01:18:15 Non-Caloric Sweetener & Insulin; (Tool 8: Don't Have w/Glucose Elevating Foods) 01:22:17 Beliefs & Thoughts; The Insula; (Tool 9: Pairing-Based Reshaping Food Preferences)  01:30:42 Liking Neuro-Healthy Foods & Bettering Brain Metabolism (Tool 10); Food Wars 01:36:05 Food Reward & Diabetes, Obesity; Important Review Article (See Caption) 01:38:28 Synthesis, Zero-Cost Support, Future Topic Suggestions, Sponsors, Supplements   Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.   Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com 

The biology of time across different scales, Population clocks: motor timing with neural dynamics, Temporal Perceptual Learning, and The Neural Basis of Timing: Distributed Mechanisms for Diverse Functions. Scientific Sense ® by Gill Eapen: Prof. Dean Buonomano, Professor, Behavioral Neuroscience and Neurobiology at UCLA. The primary goal of his laboratory is to understand the neural basis of temporal information processing. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/scientificsense/message

How Jasper got Bella to go to her own birthday party, a brief introduction to Cartesian dualism, an overview of leading emotional processing theories, and, as always, a reminder that vampires' primary emotion is horny. Plus, a third act twist! Donate: Quileute Move to Higher Ground Fundraiser Links: Mind Body Dualism James-Lange Theory 1 James-Lange Theory 2 Cannon-Bard Theory Schachter-Singer Theory Schachter-Singer adrenaline study Neural Basis of Romantic Love Study Overview of Theories of Emotion Spotlight Effect History of Math History of Noodles History of Beer

In this episode, we talk with neuroscientist Peter Ulric Tse about the neural basis of free will. We cover topics such as criterial causation, kinds of free will, and why he's a libertarian about free will.Peter's website: https://sites.dartmouth.edu/peter/Peter's book: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/neural-basis-free-willPeter's MOOC: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBZk0Jl545845TCxtkEbJQ7bTJTqi_HrF Twitter: https://twitter.com/thefreewillshowInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefreewillshow/?hl=enFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/The-Free-Will-Show-105535031200408/

Qu'est-ce que l'intuition ? D'où vient-elle ?  Peut-on l'observer dans le cerveau ? Et peut-on systématiquement s'y fier ? Cette semaine, je vais donc parler de l'intuition. Vous la connaissez cette sensation qu'est l'intuition. Celle-ci a une place plus ou moins importante chez chacun d'entre nous. Certains en ont beaucoup, d'autres peu, et certains s'y fient et d'autres beaucoup moins. Selon le psychologue Américain Gary Klein, neuf décisions sur dix sont prises sur une base intuitive ! Et 82 prix Nobel sur 93 ont fait part de la part importante de leur intuition dans leurs découvertes. Bref, l'intuition semble partout, qu'on s'en rende compte ou non, et qu'on le veuille ou non. Si vous souhaitez avoir un éclairage neuro sur un sujet en particulier de la vie quotidienne, de notre fonctionnement, écrivez-moi à neurosapiens.podcast@gmail.com Production, animation, réalisation et illustration : Anaïs RouxLe podcast en version blog : www.neurosapiens.frA bientôt pour un nouvel épisode ! Sources bibliographiques : Kahneman, D. Système 1, Système 2, les deux modes de pensées.  Wan, X., Nakatani, H. (2011). The Neural Basis of Intuitive Best Next-Move Generation in Board Game Experts. Journal of Neuroscience.  Sadler-Smith, E., & Shefy, E. (2011). The intuitive executive: Understanding and applying “gut feel” in decision-making. Academy of Management Executive, 18(4), 76–91. Thompson, V. A., Prowse Turner, J. A., & Pennycook, G. (2011). Intuition, reason, and metacognition. Cognitive Psychology, 63(3), 107–140.  Kuo, W. J., Sjöström, T., Chen, Y. P., Wang, Y. H., & Huang, C. Y. (2009). Intuition and deliberation: Two systems for strategizing in the brain. Science, 324(5926), 519–522. Musique d'intro : KEEP ON GOINGMusique proposée par La Musique LibreJoakim Karud - Keep On Going : https://youtu.be/lOfg0jRqaA8Joakim Karud : https://soundcloud.com/joakimkarud Voir Acast.com/privacy pour les informations sur la vie privée et l'opt-out. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/neurosapiens.

Have you ever wondered whether the brains of computer programmers are wired differently? Are there specific parts of the brain that are dedicated to computer coding? Scientists have outlined other networks in the brain, like those involved in language, but the neural basis of computer code comprehension has remained a mystery. We might call Python, Java, and C++ programming “languages,” but are they represented in the brain in the same way as natural languages? Anna Ivanova, a scientist at MIT’s Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, chats with us to uncover the answer. Her research uses functional MRI to find the areas in the brain most activated by reading computer code and whether they overlap with those activated by reading natural language. We also discuss the history of coding and the possibility that humans could evolve a brain network solely responsible for computer programming. Music by Kevin MacLeod licensed under CC BY 4.0

Happy Wednesday! We have a great show today! Tina Bernet Allen is here to discuss how to break out of your workout rut! Dr. Kirk Erikson is here to discuss exercise and brain health. So, let's get started! Tina Bernet Allen Tina Bernet has a Bachelor’s of Kinesiology, she is a certified strength and conditioning specialist, she is certified in biomechanics, and she is part of the Aerobics & Fitness Association of America. She has been in the fitness industry for over 30 years, teaching cardiovascular classes at several of Dallas’ top studios and health clubs, as well as instructing and developing resistance training programs for individuals and groups in the gym and in the home. She has also been named the “Top Female Personal Trainer in DFW” by the Personal Trainers Hall of Fame. Fitness ruts are common, but due to a global pandemic, fitness ruts have been increasing. Because of quarantining, people have been gaining weight and that can also lead to ruts. You just need a jump start to get out of your rut. You can also hit a plateau, where you stop seeing change and people get into ruts. We are all going to fail sometimes. First, find out why you want to gain back your fitness or your health? Whatever the reason, just get up. Take a walk around the park, or even just the block! Often we have this idea of a perfect diet, perfect fitness diet, or perfect lifestyle in our heads. Focus on consistency. Get up and get out there! Dr. Kirk Erickson Dr. Erickson is a Professor in the Departments of Psychology and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, working in the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition within the Center for Neuroscience. His research examines cognitive and brain changes that occur as a function of physical health and aging, and he develops training, physical activity, and exercise trials. Exercise picks up new neurons the brain. It also creates new capillary bed growth that allows more oxygen going to the brain. Our brain is plastic, it is malleable. While our brain gets smaller the more we age, there are ways to heed that shrinkage and keep our brain in tip top shape. We shouldn't just think as exercise separate from diet. Dr. Kirk Erickson has found that diet affects your brain as well. We know a lot about exercise and the brain through animal studies. Exercise can help the brain sleep better and increase cognitive function. Get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity a week, or a combination of moderate and vigorous activity. Thank You! A big thank you to our guests, Tina Bernet Allen and Dr. Kirk Erickson! Follow Tina on instagram @TBFitnessPro! Read more about Dr. Kirk's research at his website, here! Thank you to all of our One Life Radio listeners. We truly appreciate each and every one of you, so If you’d like to hear more from One Life Radio, please subscribe to our podcast. If you have any hot ideas or burning questions, email us at info@oneliferadio.com. Bernadette loves hearing from listeners. And, last but never least, thank you to our sponsors. We couldn’t do the show without you; Crazy Water, Sunwarrior, Enviromedica, VEGWORLD Magazine, Castor & Pollux, Paleo Magazine, the Well Being Journal and the ISSN. Visit our sponsor page for some great offers just for One Life Radio listeners!

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.359893v1?rss=1 Authors: Liu, S., Kim, D.-I., Oh, T. G., Pao, G. M., Kim, J. H., Palmiter, R. D., Banghart, M. M., Lee, K.-F., Evans, R. M., Han, S. Abstract: Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) causes death following an opioid overdose, yet the neurobiological mechanisms of this process are not well understood. Here, we show that neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus that express the -opioid receptor (PBLOprm1 neurons) are involved in OIRD pathogenesis. PBLOprm1 neuronal activity is tightly correlated with respiratory rate, and this correlation is abolished following morphine injection. Chemogenetic inactivation of PBLOprm1 neurons mimics OIRD in mice, whereas their chemogenetic activation following morphine injection rescues respiratory rhythms to baseline levels. We identified several excitatory G-protein coupled receptors expressed by PBLOprm1 neurons and show that agonists for these receptors restore breathing rates in mice experiencing OIRD. Thus, PBLOprm1 neurons are critical for OIRD pathogenesis, providing a promising therapeutic target for treating OIRD in patients. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.27.219360v1?rss=1 Authors: Korzeczek, A., Primassin, A., Wolff von Gudenberg, A., Dechent, P., Paulus, W., Sommer, M., Neef, N. E. Abstract: Developmental stuttering is a fluency disorder with anomalies in the neural speech motor system. Fluent speech requires multifunctional network formations. Currently, it is unclear which functional domain is targeted by speech fluency interventions. Here, we tested the impact of fluency-shaping on resting-state fMRI connectivity of the speech planning, articulatory convergence, sensorimotor integration, and inhibitory control network. Furthermore, we examined white matter metrics of major speech tracts. Improved fluency was accompanied by an increased synchronization within the sensorimotor integration network. Specifically, two connections were strengthened, left laryngeal motor cortex and right superior temporal gyrus showed increased connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus. The integration of the command-to-execution and auditory-motor pathway was strengthened. Since we investigated task-free brain activity, we assume that our findings are not biased to network activity involved in compensation. No alterations were found within white matter microstructure. But, brain-behavior relationships changed. We found a heightened negative correlation between stuttering severity and fractional anisotropy in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and a heightened positive correlation between the psycho-social impact of stuttering and fractional anisotropy in the right frontal aslant tract. Taken together, structural and functional connectivity of the sensorimotor integration and inhibitory control network shape speech motor learning. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.24.168989v1?rss=1 Authors: Karunanayaka, P., Lu, J., Yang, Q., Sathian, K. Abstract: Humans naturally integrate signals from the olfactory and intranasal trigeminal systems. A tight interplay has been demonstrated between the two systems, but the underlying neural circuitry that mediate olfactory-trigeminal integration remains unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying olfactory-trigeminal integration. Fifteen subjects with normal olfactory function performed a localization task with weak or strong air-puff stimuli, phenylethyl alcohol (PEA; rose odor), or a combination. Although the ability to localize PEA to either nostril was at chance, its presence significantly improved the localization accuracy of weak, but not strong, air-puffs, relative to the localization of air-puffs without concomitant PEA, when both stimuli were delivered concurrently to the same nostril. This enhancement in localization accuracy was directly correlated with the magnitude of multisensory activity in the primary olfactory cortex (POC). Changes in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) multisensory activity alone could not predict task performance, but changes in OFC and POC connectivity could. Similar activity and connectivity patterns were observed in the superior temporal cortex (STC), inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and the cerebellum. Taken together, these results suggest that olfactory-trigeminal integration is occurring across multiple brain regions. These findings can be interpreted as an indication that the POC is part of a distributed brain network that mediate the integration between olfactory and trigeminal systems. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.06.138099v1?rss=1 Authors: Feilong, M., Guntupalli, J. S., Haxby, J. V. Abstract: Intelligent thought is the product of efficient neural information processing. Previous work on the neural basis of intelligence has focused on coarse-grained features of brain anatomy and function, even though information is encoded in fine-grained, topographically-organized population responses. We hypothesized that individual differences in fine-grained cortical architecture would provide stronger predictions of general intelligence. Using hyperalignment, we were able to model these fine-grained architectural differences by resolving idiosyncratic interindividual variation of fine-grained topographies of functional connectivity. We found that predictions of general intelligence based on fine-grained patterns of connectivity were markedly stronger than predictions based on coarse-grained patterns, especially in the cortical systems associated with self-generated thought. Previous work overlooked fine-grained architecture because existing methods could not resolve idiosyncratic topographies, preventing investigation where the keys to the neural basis of intelligence are more likely to be found. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

This week: New research on a biological enzyme that can break down the plastic we use for water bottles; a brief look into the history of egg decorating; a new study on the social consequences of a financially contingent self-worth; and a summary of new research involving jazz guitarists improvising while wearing EEGs on their heads. Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/inquiringminds See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Christopher R. Butler, FRCP, Ph.D., discusses his paper entitled, "Pathologic Tearfulness after Limbic Encephalitis - A Novel  Disorder and its Neural Basis". You can read the article here: https://n.neurology.org/content/neurology/early/2020/01/23/WNL.0000000000008934.full.pdf

Corey and Steve talk with MSU Neuroscientist A.J. Robison about why females may be more likely to suffer from depression than males. A.J. reviews past findings that low testosterone and having a smaller hippocampus may predict depression risk. He explains how a serendipitous observation opened up his current line of research and describes tools he uses to study neural circuits. Steve asks about the politics of studying sex differences and tells of a start up using CRISPR to attack heart disease. The three end with a discussion of the psychological effects of ketamine, testosterone and deep brain stimulation.Topics 01:18 – Link between antidepressants, neurogenesis and reducing risk of depression 13:54 – Nature of Mouse models 23:19 – How you tell whether a mouse exhibits depressive symptoms 32:36 – Liz Williams' serendipitous finding and the issue of biological sex 45:47 – A.J.'s research plans for circuit specific gene editing in the mouse brain and a start up's plan to use it to tackle human cardiovascular disease 59:07 – Psychological and Neurological Effects of Ketamine. Testosterone and Deep Brain Stimulation Resources Transcript Robison Lab at MSU @RobisonLabMSU Papers Androgen-dependent excitability of mouse ventral hippocampal afferents to nucleus accumbens underlies sex-specific susceptibility to stress. Neurogenesis and The Effect of Antidepressants Integrating Interleukin-6 into depression diagnosis and treatment Sub-chronic variable stress induces sex-specific effects on glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. Prefrontal cortical circuit for depression- and anxiety-related behaviors mediated by cholecystokinin: role of ΔFosB. Emerging role of viral vectors for circuit-specific gene interrogation and manipulation in rodent brain.

Corey and Steve talk with MSU Neuroscientist A.J. Robison about why females may be more likely to suffer from depression than males. A.J. reviews past findings that low testosterone and having a smaller hippocampus may predict depression risk. He explains how a serendipitous observation opened up his current line of research and describes tools he uses to study neural circuits. Steve asks about the politics of studying sex differences and tells of a start up using CRISPR to attack heart disease. The three end with a discussion of the psychological effects of ketamine, testosterone and deep brain stimulation.Topics 01:18 – Link between antidepressants, neurogenesis and reducing risk of depression 13:54 – Nature of Mouse models 23:19 – How you tell whether a mouse exhibits depressive symptoms 32:36 – Liz Williams' serendipitous finding and the issue of biological sex 45:47 – A.J.'s research plans for circuit specific gene editing in the mouse brain and a start up's plan to use it to tackle human cardiovascular disease 59:07 – Psychological and Neurological Effects of Ketamine. Testosterone and Deep Brain Stimulation Resources Transcript Robison Lab at MSU @RobisonLabMSU Papers Androgen-dependent excitability of mouse ventral hippocampal afferents to nucleus accumbens underlies sex-specific susceptibility to stress. Neurogenesis and The Effect of Antidepressants Integrating Interleukin-6 into depression diagnosis and treatment Sub-chronic variable stress induces sex-specific effects on glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. Prefrontal cortical circuit for depression- and anxiety-related behaviors mediated by cholecystokinin: role of ΔFosB. Emerging role of viral vectors for circuit-specific gene interrogation and manipulation in rodent brain.

Corey and Steve talk with MSU Neuroscientist A.J. Robison about why females may be more likely to suffer from depression than males. A.J. reviews past findings that low testosterone and having a smaller hippocampus may predict depression risk. He explains how a serendipitous observation opened up his current line of research and describes tools he uses to study neural circuits. Steve asks about the politics of studying sex differences and tells of a start up using CRISPR to attack heart disease. The three end with a discussion of the psychological effects of ketamine, testosterone and deep brain stimulation.

Join me for a discussion with Wayne Wu, an associate professor in, and associate director of, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, as we discuss attention, action, consciousness, phenomenal overflow, and introspection. Wayne’s webpage: https://philpeople.org/profiles/wayne-wu Boxtel, Tsuchiya, Koch Opposing effects of consciousness and attention: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/19/8883

Some say that the competitive dynamics between the US and China in terms of AI are overblown, but there's a lot of truth to them. The US has access to more of the base research, but China can orchestrate various organizations (corporations, government bodies) and secure government funding. That said, very few people talk about K-12 education and what countries are doing to prepare their future workforce for AI. David Touretzky talks to us about just that. He is a research professor in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University. He's heading up an initiative for K-12 education, and he discusses what countries should be doing to secure their positions and technological leadership in the 21st century.

4 August 2017: Olivia Lucero of OHSU interviews Sarah Ross of the University of Pittsburgh about the neural basis for the inhibition of itch at the recent Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin

Join Dan (@drusyniak) &howard (@heshiegreshie) as they explore the neurobehavioral underpinnings of addiction. Learn about the Google Maps of the motivational system of the brain and gain insight into why psychiatric patients and adolescents are such vulnerable populations. And make sure that you check out Dr. Andy Chambers book, The 2 x 4 Model: A Neuroscience-Based Blueprint for the Modern Integrated Addiction and Mental Health Treatment System. Here is a link to the Robinson and Berridge article from 1993 cited by Dr. Chambers, The Neural Basis of Drug Craving: An Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction. Who is your favorite addicted character in pop culture? Dr. Rick Sanchez Dr. Gregory House Jessie Pinkman Nurse Jackie Tyrone Biggums Robert Palmer Special thanks to @prettysimpleduo and @shelovj. Comments, questions, suggestions, guests, recipes? Hit us up @dantastictox Stay Healthy, True Believers!

In Episode 23 of Hidden Forces, host Demetri Kofinas speaks with Dr. Heather Berlin about the neural basis of consciousness. The two consider a theory of mind based on a materialist perspective on reality. Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions. If this is the case, then where do our thoughts and our feelings, come from? Who is in charge of our volitions and our desires? What is the neural basis of depression, anxiety, and psychosis? What is the substantive source of human creativity, inspiration, and genius? Is there really nothing more to the experience of consciousness – to life itself – than the observable firing of billions of neurons jumbled together in an atomic stew consisting almost entirely of empty space? Dr. Heather Berlin is a cognitive neuroscientist and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Dr. Berlin practices clinical neuropsychology at New York Presbyterian Hospital. She is the host of the PBS series Science Goes to the Movies, and the Discovery Channel series Superhuman Showdown. Heather Berlin co-wrote and stars in the critically acclaimed off-Broadway and Edinburgh Fringe Festival show, Off the Top, about the neuroscience of improvisation. She has made numerous media appearances including on the BBC, History Channel, Netflix, NatGeo, StarTalk, and TEDx. Heather Berlin received her Ph.D. from the University of Oxford and Master of Public Health from Harvard University. Producer & Host: Demetri Kofinas Editor & Engineer: Stylianos Nicolaou Join the conversation on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @hiddenforcespod

Please join us as Dr. Aryn Gittis, associate professor in Biological Sciences and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University, discusses the neural circuitry of the basal ganglia, a brain system involved in movement, learning, motivation, and reward.  Dysfunction of neural circuits in the basal ganglia is thought to play a role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Tourette syndrome, and dystonia, as well as many neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, OCD, and addiction. Dr. Gittis will explain her novel approach to effectively treating Parkinson’s disease by controlling the interaction among brain cells (neurons) in the basal ganglia. In normal function, neurons talk to each other to create normal function. When neurons stop talking to one another, the pattern changes and causes the shaking that we see in Parkinson’s. Currently, the therapeutic effects of standard, high frequency Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) (Episode - The Mystery of The Human Brian) controls the debilitating motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson’s disease but rapidly decays once the stimulation is turned off.  Dr. Gittis is working to develop therapy that extends the effects of DBS for patients with Parkinson’s disease to have ongoing, uninterrupted relief.

On this episode, I am joined by Dr. Therese Huston, who is looking to change how we see women as decision-makers.  The New York Times calls her book, "How Women Decide," “required reading on Wall Street.” Therese is a cognitive scientist at Seattle University, where she helps intelligent people make smart choices.  She’s written for the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, Harvard Business Review and The Guardian, and her work has been featured on NPR. In October 2016, Therese gave her first TEDx talk on women and decision-making.  Harvard University Press published Therese’s first book, Teaching What You Don't Know, which won a Book of the Year Award in Education from Foreword Literary Reviews. Therese received her BA from Carleton College, a B.S. and PhD in Cognitive Psychology from Carnegie Mellon University, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship with the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the University of Pittsburgh.  She founded the Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning at Seattle University. When she’s not writing, she loves to travel, play with numbers, spend time with her husband and dog, and bake amazing gluten-free chocolate cake. Show Notes Segment 1: How Women Decide [00:00-14:01] In this first segment, Therese shares about how her book How Women Decide came to be. Segment 2: How Women Decide for Higher Ed [14:02-23:39] In segment two, Therese shares some of the strategies from How Women Decide that can be applied to higher education. Segment 3: The Complexities of Looking at Gender Issues [23:40-35:07] In segment three, Therese shares about transitioning to a new research area of studying gender in mid-career. Bonus Clip #1 [00:00-07:37]: Finding and Working with a Literary Agent Bonus Clip #2 [00:00-03:53]: Benefits of Setting "Tripwires" in Your Professional Life To share feedback about this podcast episode, ask questions that could be featured in a future episode, or to share research-related resources, contact the “Research in Action” podcast: Twitter: @RIA_podcast or #RIA_podcast Email: riapodcast@oregonstate.edu Voicemail: 541-737-1111 If you listen to the podcast via iTunes, please consider leaving us a review.

Timothy Verstynen Professor Carnegie Mellon University "Neuroscience of Baseball"   In the Blink of an Eye: The Neuroscience of Baseball How does the architecture of the brain allow us to learn complex skills and make fast decisions? What parts of neuroanatomy come into play when a person is trying to stop a 100-mph fastball with a piece of wood? Join Carnegie Mellon University Assistant Professor Timothy Verstynen as he discusses the brain science behind America's favorite pastime. Verstynen is an assistant professor in Psychology at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University.   Recorded Monday, October 3, 2016 at Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, PA.

Nachum Ulanovsky, PhD

The Research Focus "Language: Birth and Decay" is concerned with how the sounds of speech are acquired by infants and young children in first language acquisition, how such acquisition stabilizes in healthy individuals, and how such patterns may dissolve following the onset of brain lesions. Spoken language is a defining human behaviour, and it is the very basis of our interaction with the environment as well as of our identity as individuals. For this reason, it is important to understand both how this faculty emerges during child development and the highly damaging effect that speech disorders have on so many aspects of life. Error patterns when language is learnt and when it unravels in speech disorders also provide a unique window to the mind, and are of prime importance for our emerging understanding of how linguistic diversity arises, how languages change, and how physiology and cognition interact to form the sound patterns of human language. Yet speech acquisition and disorders remain poorly understood because they are usually investigated separately from basic research on speech production and perception in healthy individuals. One of the Research Focus’ principal objectives is to overcome this divide by inviting leading scientists from different disciplinary backgrounds to consider how to develop unified models of child speech acquisition, of the mature speech production and perception system, and of speech disorders. The involved researchers intend to lay the foundations for a comprehensive research program in which modern experimental phonetic thinking hooks up with neurobiological and clinical reasoning, while embracing linguistic diversity. | Center for Advanced Studies LMU: 25.06.2015 | Speaker: Prof. Dr. Josef Rauschecker | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Adrian Danek

This week we talk to David Redish about decision making David Redish is currently a professor in the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Minnesota. He received his undergraduate degree in writing and computer science from Johns Hopkins in 1991 and his PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1997, where he was a student member of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition under the supervision of Dr. David Touretzky. He was a postdoc with Drs. Bruce McNaughton and Carol Barnes at the University of Arizona from 1997-2000. He has been at the University of Minnesota since 2000, where his lab studies learning, memory, and how animals (including humans) make decisions. His latest book is called The Mind within the Brain: How We Make Decisions and How those Decisions Go Wrong.    In This Interview David and I Discuss... The One You Feed parable. What a decision is. The four decision making systems in humans. For more information visit our website See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The role of the axon, dendrites, neurotransmitters and synapse are covered here - which is the 2nd dot point from the Learning AOS. See www.epsychvce.com for more free stuff for VCE Psych students/ teachers.

1) Depressive symptoms and white matter dysfunction in retired NFL players with concussion history and 2) Topic of the month: AAN Plenary Sessions. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Christopher Giza interviews Dr. John Hart about his paper on depressive symptoms and white matter dysfunction in retired NFL players. Dr. Adam Numis is reading our e-Pearl of the week about ice-cream headache. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Drs. Ron Postuma and Brad Boeve about clinicopathologic correlations in 172 cases of REM sleep behavior disorder. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Giza, Hart, Numis, Espay, Postuma and Boeve.Dr. Giza serves on the data safety monitoring board for LAbiomed Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; is a consult for NHL Player's Association; serves on the speakers' bureau for the Medical Education Speakers Network; receives royalties from the publication of the book Neurological Differential Diagnosis: A prioritized approach; received funding for travel to Major League Soccer Concussion Committee meeting, California State Athletic Commission Meetings and NCAA meeting; receives research funding from NIH, UCLA faculty grants, Thrasher Research Foundation, NFL Charities, Today's and Tomorrow's Children Fund, Richie's Fund and NCAA, and gave expert testimony on several mediocolegal cases.Dr. Hart serves as an editorial board member of Neurocase, Journal of Innovative Optical Health, World Journals of Radiology and Psychiatry, Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation; receives royalties from the publication of the book Neural Basis of Semantic Memory; receives research support from the Department of Defense, Alzheimer's Association, RGK Foundation and NIH.Dr. Numis serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. Postuma serves on the scientific advisory board for TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd; serves as an editorial board member of Movement Disorders Journal and Journal of Caffeine Research; receives honoraria from Allergan, Inc., Novartis, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd; receives research support from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Parkinson Society of Canada, Fonds de Recherche de la Sante Quebec, Weston Foundation and Drummond Foundation.Dr. Boeve has served as an investigator for clinical trials sponsored by Cephalon, Inc., Allon Pharmaceuticals and GE Healthcare; receives royalties from the publication of a book Behavioral Neurology of Dementia; received honoraria from the American Academy of Neurology; serves on the scientific advisory board of the Tau Consortium and receives research support from the National Institute on Aging and the Mangurian Foundation.

Neuroaesthetics | Symposium Symposium im ZKM | Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, 22.-24. November 2012 In Kooperation und mit Unterstützung der Gemeinnützigen Hertie-Stiftung. In my talk I will review the structural and functional imaging studies on synaesthesia. Since many imaging studies have focused on grapheme-colour synaesthesia, the emphasis of my talk will reflect this, and so I will give a summary of the current knowledge about structural and functional brain differences in grapheme-colour synaesthetes in particular. Moreover, I will examine how these structural and functional imaging results might inform current theories about the neural mechanisms of synaesthesia. Initially, functional imaging studies concentrated on the phenomenology of synaesthetic experiences: activation of colour-processing areas in the brain confirmed the “perceptual reality” of these experiences. Further studies ex- plored the neural correlate of individual differences in synaesthesia with the help of functional imaging. Recently, modern network analysis methods have been applied in the field of synaesthesia to assess the neural network architecture during rest and task performance in grapheme-colour synaesthetes. These advances in functional imaging were paralleled by studies using structural imaging methods, like voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore grey and white matter differences in synaesthesia, respectively. Finally, I will also provide a critical discussion of the kinds of limitations found in previous approaches to studying synaesthetic brain differences, and I discuss future perspectives and challenges that structural and functional neuroimaging research in synaesthesia will face. Prof. Dr. Peter Weiss-Blankenhorn studied medicine at the Heinrich-Heine- University Düsseldorf. After research projects on Parkinson’s disease in Arizona, USA, and on apraxia in Lyon, France, he was trained in neurology at the University Hospitals in Düsseldorf and Aachen, Germany. As a board-certified neurologist he works in the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3) of the Research Centre Jülich (FZJ), Germany, leading the group “Motor Cognition”. Since 2010, he is also professor of cognitive neurology at the University of Cologne, Germany. In addition to synaesthesia, his scientific interests in the area of cognitive neurology are focused on the neural basis of cognitive deficits after stroke using structural and functional imaging. This translational research aims at the development of new, innovative therapies for neurorehabilitation.

Biologists interested in cognitive evolution have focussed on the dramatic expansion of the forebrain, particularly the neocortex, in lineages such as primates. Another structure, however - the cerebellum - contains four to five times more neurons than the neocortex, is massively and reciprocally inter-connected with it via intermediate nuclei, has complex cognitive and learning functions, and yet has been largely ignored in accounts of cognitive evolution. This talk explores the correlated evolution and ontogeny of neocortex, cerebellum and associated structures and the implications of such patterns for understanding the neural basis of cognition. Consistent with the idea of embodied cognition, brain size is associated with specific sensory-motor specializations. The results emphasize the importance of considering how individual brain regions are embedded within a neural architecture, and potentially reconcile adaptationist and associationist perspectives as applied, for example, to mirror neurons. Presented by Robert Barton (Anthropology, Durham University, UK).

Biologists interested in cognitive evolution have focussed on the dramatic expansion of the forebrain, particularly the neocortex, in lineages such as primates. Another structure, however - the cerebellum - contains four to five times more neurons than the neocortex, is massively and reciprocally inter-connected with it via intermediate nuclei, has complex cognitive and learning functions, and yet has been largely ignored in accounts of cognitive evolution. This talk explores the correlated evolution and ontogeny of neocortex, cerebellum and associated structures and the implications of such patterns for understanding the neural basis of cognition. Consistent with the idea of embodied cognition, brain size is associated with specific sensory-motor specializations. The results emphasize the importance of considering how individual brain regions are embedded within a neural architecture, and potentially reconcile adaptationist and associationist perspectives as applied, for example, to mirror neurons. Presented by Robert Barton (Anthropology, Durham University, UK).

Science

Darwin College Lecture Series 2010 – Risk "Risk and the Brain: The Neural Basis of Decision Making Under Uncertainty" by Professor John O'Doherty (TCD)

Regenerative Medicine Today welcomes Joel Schuman, MD.  Dr. Schuman is the Eye and Ear Foundation Professor and Chairman of Department of Ophthalmology.  He also serves as director of the UPMC Eye Center, and holds secondary appointments as a professor in Bioengineering at the University of Pittsburgh and professor, Center for the Neural Basis [...]

Introduction: Previous functional imaging studies comparing Chinese and English reading have reported that a left middle frontal region is more activated by Chinese reading and the left superior temporal cortex is more activated by English reading (Tan et al. 2001; 2003). We investigated this finding and its interpretation by conducting a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of reading in China and England using monolingual adolescents who spoke Mandarin or English respectively. Our paradigm compared activation for semantic decision on written stimuli (words or characters) as well as on pictures of objects so that we could determine whether or not the previously reported effects were specific to written stimuli. Methods: The paradigm involved 4 different stimulus conditions: semantic decisions on (1) written object names and (2) pictures of objects; and perceptual decisions on (3) pictures of meaningless non-objects and (4) meaningless Greek/Korean letters. Written stimuli were presented in the known language (i.e. characters in Chinese and words in English). The pictures were identical in the Chinese and English versions of the study. In each condition, three stimuli were presented, one above (the target) and two below (the choices). Using the right hand, participants were instructed to indicate with a left or right button press whether the target matched the left or right choice. For example, when the stimuli were “anchor” (target), “ship” and “truck”(choices), participants made a left button press to indicate that “anchor” is more closely associated with a “ship” than “truck”. Stimulus presentation parameters were identical for perceptual decisions but here the task was to indicate whether the left or right choice was perceptually identical to the target above. Data were acquired from the whole brain using 1.5T MRI scanners at Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL and Institute of Linguistics at XuZhou Normal University. Participants were 13 English adolescents (age 13-16) and 10 Chinese adolescents (age 13-16) with no history of reading impairment. Data analysis was carried out with SPM5 software package and effects of interest were based on correct responses only. Results and Conclusions Behaviourally, performance and response times did not differ across groups. In reading, consistent with previous findings, Chinese subjects showed significantly more activation in the left middle frontal region while English subjects showed significantly more activation in the left posterior superior temporal cortex. However, we also observed significantly greater left middle frontal activation in the Chinese group during semantic decisions on pictures. Therefore, the effect in the left middle frontal region is not specific to reading. Next, we explored inter-subject variability within each group. This led to the observation that differences between the Chinese and English groups were driven by a subgroup of English subjects. This suggests that the differences observed here at the group level were more likely to be due to individual differences in education or other cognitive skills than to writing system or ethnicity alone.

From the 2006/2007 Distinguished Lecturer Series. Abstract: Research using fMRI has indicated several areas of systems-level brain dysfunction that may underlie many features of autism. This talk will present a series of studies in our lab examining fMRI during social-emotional tasks. Using data from face recognition, emotional face processing, gaze direction, reward processing and imitation/observation studies, we will argue that a commonality underlying the major features of autism is dysfunction in the mirror neuron system. This system, found originally in monkey single unit recording studies, involves brain areas that respond both during the execution and observation of behavior. Neurons in these regions communicate with subcortical systems involved in affect and reward processing via the insula. A dysfunction in this system would account for a range of symptoms including imitation, joint attention, affect processing, gaze following, and response to reward. Variations in the degree to which this system is dysfunctional appear to correlate with symptom severity. Focusing on this system may allow us to tailor treatments that may affect a range of behaviors. Recorded April 11, 2007 16:00:00 PST.