Podcasts about neurons

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the sensations of pain and pleasure, explaining how they are sensed in the body and interpreted by the brain as well as methods to control their intensity. I discuss both the hardwired mechanisms and subjective factors that shape an individual's perception of pain and pleasure. I also explain why pain thresholds vary from person to person and discuss various treatments for pain management such as acupuncture and supplements. Finally, I explain the role of key neurochemicals like dopamine and serotonin in mediating our experience of pain and pleasure. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Pain & Pleasure 00:00:39 Skin, Appetitive vs Aversive Behaviors 00:02:10 Skin, Neurons & Brain 00:04:46 Brain Interpretation, Homunculus, Two-Point Discrimination Test 00:07:43 Pain & Pleasure, Subjective Interpretation 00:09:53 Sponsor: AG1 00:11:30 Tool: Pain & Expectation 00:13:08 Pain Threshold 00:14:46 Heat & Cold, Tool: Moving into Cold or Hot Environments 00:16:37 Subjective Pain, Psychosomatic, Fibromyalgia, Whole Body Pain, Acetyl-L-carnitine 00:20:54 Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Pain Management 00:23:44 Sponsors: LMNT & Eight Sleep 00:26:36 Red Heads & Pain Threshold, Endorphins 00:28:32 Improving Pain Threshold, Dopamine 00:30:00 Pleasure, Dopamine, Serotonin; Depression, Anti-depressants 00:34:12 Pleasure & Pain Balance, Dopamine, Addiction 00:36:08 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Movement-sensing neurons that target the striatum influence a mouse's choice of action by favoring routine.

In this episode we explore spindle neurons, also known as von Economo neurons (VENs), discovered by Constantine von Economo in the 1920s. These large, cylinder-shaped cells, found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior (or called frontoinsula) insula, and rarely the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are crucial for rapid communication in social behaviors. Three key points stand out: first, spindle neurons are located exclusively in the ACC and insula, the core hubs of the salience network, which is disrupted in autism as early as six weeks of age, as shown in a UCLA study. Second, these neurons are primarily involved in social behaviors, underpinning complex interactions in humans and other social species. Third, they are rare, found only in highly social animals like great apes, cetaceans, and possibly elephants, highlighting their evolutionary significance. In autism, increased spindle neuron density in the insula of children aged 4–14 is linked to early brain overgrowth, though this normalizes in adulthood due to pruning.The salience network, driven by the ACC and anterior insula, relies on spindle neurons to process relevant stimuli, integrate sensory data, and guide social-emotional responses. In autism, hyper-connectivity between the insula and sensory regions causes sensory hypersensitivity, while hypo-connectivity with prefrontal areas, including the DLPFC, impairs social cognition and adaptive behaviors. This disrupts the network's ability to switch between the default mode network and executive functions, often trapping autistic individuals in an internal world. Spindle neurons are also linked to disorders like frontotemporal dementia, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and emotional dysregulation.Daylight Computer Companyuse "autism" for $25 off athttps://buy.daylightcomputer.com/RYAN03139Chroma Iight Devicesuse "autism" for 10% discount athttps://getchroma.co/?ref=autism0:00 Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount3:10 Spindle Neurons; Interesting Point #1: Salience Network6:03 Interesting Point #2: Rapid Communication & Social Behaviors7:11 "rediscovery" of Spindle Neurons in 1990s by John Allman8:30 Interesting Point #3: Highly Social Species10:57 Neuropeptide Y & Monoamine- Dopamine & Serotonin11:45 Morphology of Spindle Neurons & In Utero-Children; Social Learning12:54 Species with Spindle Neurons14:47 Small Clusters within the dlPFC15:08 Salience Network, ACC, Anterior Insula; Fulcrum for Default Mode and Executive Networks22:48 Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $25 discount27:08 Diseases/Conditions associated with Spindle Neurons29:26 The Autistic Phenotype (!!) -- The Whole Reason for the Podcast32:25 Reviews/Ratings, Contact InfoX: https://x.com/rps47586YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuAemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

Streamlining the problem from 3D to 1D eases the expedition—a strategy the study investigators deployed to rewire an olfactory circuit in flies.

Memories of the good parts of using drugs can people hooked - altering the neurons that store them could help treat addiction Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

There is a river of wisdom that's been flowing through human history in every culture since the beginning of civilization. It's the wise understandings of those rare individuals who were able to remember something we so often forget: who we really are as human beings. In this episode, we'll dip into that timeless stream, that many have called the Wisdom of the Ages, and explore how it flows directly into the  heart of our new project, NeuroHarmonics. This work is about more than just ideas; it's a guide that you can use to bring harmony into your own intelligence, an inner alignment that can quietly, yet profoundly transform your life. So, basically, what is the Wisdom of the Ages all about? Well, although the term may sound a bit lofty or poetic, it's far from just a throw away line. It points to something deeply real – an enduring thread of understanding that weaves through cultures, continents and centuries. It's timeless not because it ignores the changes of history, but because it speaks to something that never changes with the times; the essence of being human.  Let's look at it this way - throughout the long arc of human history, from the ancient river valleys of India and Mesopotamia to the mountains of China, the deserts of the Middle East, and the forests of the Americas, there have always been extraordinary men and women who saw the essence of life more clearly than the rest of us. They pierced the surface of things.  And even while living in the ever-shifting world of change and impermanence, they were able to reach something that they said was eternal. Their lives, their words, and often just their very presence spoke of something greater than themselves - something vast and invisible, and yet deeply and intimately known. Some became renowned spiritual teachers: Krishna, Ram, Buddha, Jesus, Moses, Mohammed. Others appeared as philosophers, sages, mystics, and shamans. Many left poems, stories, songs, and scriptures, depicting their glimpses into the higher realms of understanding. Some of their names may be less well known, but their examples are no less luminous. Of course, on the surface, these wise ones seemed vastly different. They spoke different languages, wore different clothes, lived in different lands, and practiced different rituals. But remarkably, the essence of their message was the same. To put their vast teachings into a few simple words: there is something beyond this world. Something infinite.     You can call it God. Or the Divine. Or Truth, Spirit, Source, or just the Infinite. There may be a thousand names for it—but the names don't matter. In fact, many of these teachers insisted that words can't matter. Because this Presence—this vast, formless essence—is beyond concept, beyond logic, and beyond the reach of ordinary human comprehension. Why? It's actually quite simple. For all its brilliance, human intelligence is still finite. And the finite, by its very nature, can never truly grasp the Infinite. It just can't be done. Test your own mind as an example. Try picturing a box that is so large, there is no space outside of it. Or try describing something that has no beginning and no end. Or tell me what biggest number in the world. You can't because there isn't one. Whatever number you come up with, you can always add one more and it gets bigger. So there's no such thing. That's the thing about infinity. There's no edge, no boundary, no final point. And when we try to wrap our minds around it, the circuits start to smoke and the brain just watts out. Because it's not built to contain the Infinite.    So according to the wisdom tradition, this thing that can't be understood or even named - exists. For our sake here, let's just call it the Infinite, a term that is relatively devoid of the tarnishing nature of human religious tribalism. But that's just one of the five thousand opinions my mind has churned out in the last hour. Now, what does the Wisdom of the Ages tell us about our relationship with this infinite presence, this reality that you can't define, draw or capture in a book? Well, in the simplest terms, it tells us this: we can experience it. And not only that, we can grow into it. Like a plant reaching toward sunlight, we are drawn toward that light, that warmth and that truth that seems to emanate from it.   And this idea of growth is where the Wisdom of the Ages begins. Because it's not just about belief – it's about transformation. It speaks of a journey toward inner realization, where you begin to see that you are not merely a body, not just a personality, not your thoughts, opinions, or accomplishments. You are something deeper. In essence, something sacred, something eternal that has temporarily taken human form—for the purpose of learning, of growing, of remembering. And ultimately, in a very real and quiet way... for returning. With that being said, the Wisdom of the Ages does rest on a set of core understandings—fundamental insights that form its foundation. And while these truths have appeared in every form of civilization throughout history, they are not relics of the past. Far from it. This wisdom is alive. It's woven from the highest human understandings about life—ancient, modern, and everything in between. So, let's take a brief look at some of its basic tenets. We'll touch on nine of them here, though the first one needs a little more attention than the rest.           The first core teaching is Impermanence—and at first, it can be a hard one to face. It simply says this: everything changes, and everything ends. Ourselves included. Look around with clear eyes, and it becomes obvious. From the rise and fall of empires to fleeting joys and sorrows, nothing stays the same. As the Buddha put it: “All conditioned things are impermanent. Work out your own salvation with diligence.” When we cling to what must pass, we suffer. But when we accept impermanence, we begin to live with Grace. Why does this matter? Because so much of our pain comes from forgetting that. We build our identities on outer things—titles, possessions, opinions, appearances, money—and we defend those identities as if they were permanent. But they're not. And this is what the sages warned us about. It's not that success, wealth, or recognition are wrong. It's that when we make them the foundation of who we are; we build on sand. All of it—status, stuff, praise, even the ego itself—rises and falls. Sparkles, then fades. Seems solid, then vanishes. And when our sense of self is tied to what vanishes, we suffer. We become anxious, greedy, and ultimately disappointed. We chase mirages, hoping they'll fulfill us—only to find out thatthey never really could. And worst of all, we miss the deeper reason we came here: to remember who we truly are, and to feel the joy that naturally comes with that remembrance. At least, that's what the wisdom says. Personally, I think it has a nice ring to it.   2. You Are Not Your Thoughts The second insight is deceptively simple, but not so easy to live: You are not your thoughts. From the Upanishads to modern psychology, the message is clear: You are not the mental chatter, the looping stories, or the voices of doubt and fear. You're not your résumé, your wounds, or the roles you've played. Beneath all that noise lives a deeper awareness that is luminous, spacious, and free. Most of what runs through our minds didn't originate with us anyway. We picked it up from parents, culture, trauma, media. But we end up thinking that these random thoughts are who we really are. And some of the major experts in the field haven't had such an elevated opinion of our abilities in navigating the thought field. William James for example, who is often called the father of modern psychology, once said: “Most people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices.” The deeper self lives in a realm beyond all that. And rediscovering it is part of waking up. 3. Stillness Is the Gateway to Higher Knowing Stillness isn't just the absence of noise. It's the presence of something greater. As the old biblical phrase goes, “Be still, and know…” In the Taoist tradition, stillness is the source of right action—what they call wu wei, or effortless movement that flows from deep inner alignment. This knowing is not vague spirituality. It's direct experience. Not a theory, but a felt presence. Stillness is where insight arises—gently, precisely, and often when we least expect it. And the Wisdom of the Ages doesn't ask for blind belief. It invites direct experience. We all know that there is a world of difference between actually eating a delicious meal and just reading the menu. 4. Love Is the Deepest Truth and Kindness Is the Highest Power  At the heart of every great tradition is this simple truth: Love is the essence of life. Not just romance or sentiment, but love as a radiant, unshakable presence. When that love moves into action, it manifests as kindness. And kindness doesn't mean weakness—it's strength under wisdom's guidance. To grow in this kind of love is to become more fully human, which is another term for more connected to the divine. 5. You Become What You Practice This one is carved into every tradition—and now verified by neuroscience: What you repeat gets stronger. In ancient terms: “As you sow, so shall you reap.” Modern neuroscience puts it this way: Neurons that fire together, wire together. This means that your attention—and your habits—literally shape the architecture of your brain. So, what you practice daily—whether it's judgement and fear, or gratitude and patience - becomes the blueprint of your inner life. 6. Gratitude Opens the Heart and Expands Consciousness The ancient ones knew it. And now neuroscience confirms it. When you begin to see life as a gift, everything starts to shift the more grateful you become of it. And Gratitude isn't just a virtue—it's a form of perception. It quiets the craving mind and awakens a deeper presence. Suddenly, you're not waiting for “more” to feel whole. You begin to see how much has already been given. And that soft opening of the heart that you feel within? That's consciousness expanding. 7. Life Is a School for the Soul This one can change your life. When you see life as a school, everything becomes part of the curriculum. Adversity isn't punishment—it's instruction. Each loss, betrayal, or hardship carries within it a hidden message, a deeper lesson.           The soul came here to grow. And when you see that, you start to see that Life isn't happening to you. It's happening for you. And nothing—absolutely nothing—is wasted on the soul. 8. Everything Is Connected—There Is No Real Separation We live in a world of apparent separateness. But beneath the surface, everything is woven together. Ancient mystics knew this. So did the early Native Americans. As Chief Seattle said: “Whatever befalls the Earth befalls the sons of the Earth. Man did not weave the web of life—he is merely a strand in it.” Modern science agrees. From quantum physics to ecology to trauma healing, it all points to one truth: There is no such thing as alone. Only all one. 9. Your Attention Is Your Greatest Power The final tenet is the hidden key: Where you place your attention, determines what grows for you. In a world full of noise, mastering your attention is an act of power—and peace. When you begin to master your attention, you begin to master your life. Whatever you feed with your focus becomes stronger. Fear? It grows. Anger? It grows. Gratitude? It grows. Love? Presence? Joy? These grow too. The game of life changes when you realize:You are the gardener. And your attention is the sun. So, in essence the Wisdom of the Ages tells us that everything outside is temporary. But what is real within you does not fade. It was never born. It will never die. It simply is. And the bottom line is that as human beings, we have far more intelligence, love, happiness, and joyful sense of purpose than we have been taught by our current culture. And the wise ones would tell us that the way to access it all is to pause, breathe and listen. The universal power of this wisdom in not far away. It is within you right now, right here. You don't have to become anyone else.You just have to become who you already are. Tune yourself into stop chasing the illusion and start honoring the real. The path is ancient. But that's not what matters. What matters is that it is alive within us now. It begins wherever we are, and whenever we are ready. At least that's what they say. For me, this wisdom has been in the winner's circle since the beginning of recorded history so – I'll take the odds… Well, I guess this is a good time for us to stop this episode. As always, keep your eyes, mind and heart open. And let's get together in the next one.  

Oh heyyy there, fellow parent-people struggling through the beautiful chaos! In this episode, I spill ALL the tea about how that nasty little voice in your head (you know the one that's all "you're failing at this parenting gig") isn't just making YOU feel like garbage—it's actually rewiring your kid's emotional thermometer too!

In today's episode, we take a walk down an unusual road: the pathway inside our own brains. Dr James Crane tells Olly about his work in neuroanatomy, how neural pathways and hormones can lead to avoidance behaviour, and how we even go about studying what's in our heads to begin with. Show theme music: Kevin MacLeodThank you to the whole TWICS team for the incredible behind-the-scenes volunteering every week! Host: Dr Olly Dove (Insta: ols_dove)Production: Richard Siu (Insta: richard.siu.photography)Media & Promotion: Georgia Stewart (@ggstew25)

What happens in your brain when Cupid's arrow strikes? As a teenager, Alison developed an intense crush on George Harrison from the Beatles. But, she wants to know, why do we develop these feelings for pop stars we've never actually met? And what potent swirl of neurochemistry drives those fierce emotions?With neuroscientist Dr. Dean Burnett and evolutionary anthropologist Dr. Anna Machin as their guides, Hannah and Dara investigate everything from the brain's chemical fireworks during a crush to the evolutionary perks of love and bonding. Along the way, they dissect teenage infatuations, lifelong love affairs with football teams, and why love can feel as addictive as heroin.There's even a guest appearance from two cute rodents: the monogamous prairie voles and their more, shall we say, commitment-phobic cousins, the montane voles, who gave us early clues about the role of the ‘cuddle' hormone oxytocin. Whether you're a hopeless romantic or a hard-nosed skeptic, prepare to fall head over heels for the science of love.Contributors:Dr Anna Machin - evolutionary anthropologist and author of Why We Love Dr Dean Burnett - honorary research fellow at Cardiff Psychology School, author of The Idiot Brain and The Happy Brain. Carmine Pariante - Professor of Biological Psychiatry at King's College LondonProducer: Ilan Goodman Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem A BBC Studios Audio Production

Kimberly Snyder, author of 'The Hidden Power of the Five Hearts,' shares fascinating insights on the concept of heart coherence and its transformative power. Discover how emotions like appreciation and love can align your heart, brain, and nervous system. Kimberly also explores the 5 stages of heart coherence, shares personal experiences with emotional healing, and provides practical tools for achieving a more coherent state. As a special bonus, the episode includes a guided heart coherence meditation to help you experience the profound effects of these practices on your well-being. Don't miss out on this enlightening episode! To view full show notes, more information on our guests, resources mentioned in the episode, discount codes, transcripts, and more, visit https://drmindypelz.com/ep285 Kimberly Snyder is the 3-time New York Times bestselling author of The Hidden Power of the Five Hearts, who is the change-maker of the heart-led living and wellness movement. The founder of the holistic lifestyle brand Solluna and host of the top-rated Feel Good Podcast, Kimberly is a wellness expert, creator of the research-based HeartAlign Meditation, nutritionist and international speaker. She co-authored Radical Beauty with Deepak Chopra, and has been the go-to expert to help celebrities feel their best, including Drew Barrymore, Reese Witherspoon and Channing Tatum. Kimberly's work is featured on Good Morning America, Today, The Wall Street Journal, Vogue, The New York Times, and many other publications.    Check out our fasting membership at resetacademy.drmindypelz.com. Please note our medical disclaimer.

By David Stephen There is an information problem within the larger problem of drug addiction. Illegal drug users discuss experiences, feelings and addictions, but what information do drug users have about the mechanisms of mind for those feelings, experiences or addictiveness of the drugs? This guest essay on Irish Tech News looks at the role that AI can play in solving the information problem within the larger drug addiction problem. NIH Brain Initiative Drugs effect on the mind People that are chemically dependent or those living with substance use disorder often recount experiences before, during and after using illegal drugs. They sometimes discuss the state of feeling nothing, the state of elation, the calm, and so forth. Some ascribe the continuous use to what the drugs do for them. Some also feel helpless in being addicted, while many experience several negative effects in their social and occupational lives. When a person takes a drug, what happens? This is not a question about a pathway or one [reward] chemical. This question means how drugs have an effect on the mind. For those that claim that drugs resolve their anxieties, how did the effect happen, even if it may not be true that drugs resolve anxiety? For those who claim that drugs solve their trauma, depression, and so forth, what is happening in the mind that can explain how that may have resulted? This is where AI agents come in. To discuss, display, explain, present, and express every step process for different drugs [especially stimulants and sedatives] and why they seem to have effects. There is a lot of discussion about the lack of agency or intention against saying no to drug use or its ability to overpower the cautionary ability of the mind. How does this happen, and how can this be rebuilt? AI agents Information is often a deterrent for the mind. Information is also potent to seek alternatives. Information, where robust but simplified, can be useful enough to spur changes in people and society. AI is already a powerhouse of information across knowledge areas. It also has information on drug biochemistry, but it does not have information on how the human mind works. It is possible to provide this new information in a way that would assist people living with substance use disorder to understand what is happening within, away from the opacity of the present, towards harm reduction and care. From all the evidence in neuroscience till date, there are two direct candidates, conceptually, for the human mind, electrical and chemical signals of neurons. This means that all functions and their attributes are a result of the electrical and chemical signals. So, it is possible to explain all drug effects within the mechanisms of the signals. Neurons, for example, are in clusters, according to evidence in neuroscience. It can be theorized that in clusters of neurons, electrical and chemical signals are in sets or in loops, where they interact. Also, in sets, electrical signals often have states with which they interact with chemical signals, which also have states. These [instantaneous] states become the grade or attributes that determine the extents or outcomes of the interactions. For anything to affect the human mind, it has to have an effect on sets of electrical signals or on sets of chemical signals. This is a basis for which drug use can be explained, with displays of how stimulants work and how sedatives also work. There are addictions beyond drugs that may include electronic applications, devices and so on. They also would have an effect on sets of electrical and chemical signals. There are situations where the intensity of electrical signals in interactions could be so high, or the volume of chemical signals, or one of the chemical signals in the set is so high that the space that is necessary for intent [to say no or hold], is covered, resulting in helplessness. There are also states where some of the necessary depletion in some sets of chemical signals...

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how to build endurance and describe targeted protocols to enhance different types of endurance. I discuss how endurance—the ability to sustain effort—requires the coordination of physical and mental systems driven by energy availability, brain willpower, and specific training adaptations in the muscles, heart, lungs and neurons. I explain conditioning protocols designed to enhance four types of endurance, from long-duration steady state to muscular endurance and high-intensity intervals, and how each training style triggers unique adaptations in the body and brain, such as improved mitochondrial function and oxygen utilization. Additionally, I highlight the crucial role of hydration and electrolytes, which are essential for neural function and influence the brain's willpower to sustain effort. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Follow Huberman Lab Instagram Threads X Facebook TikTok LinkedIn Timestamps 00:00:00 Huberman Lab Essentials; Build Endurance 00:00:50 Energy Sources, ATP, Oxygen 00:04:14 Neurons & Willpower, Glucose & Electrolytes 00:09:19 Heart, Lungs; Physiology & Performance Limiting Factors 00:10:35 Sponsor: AG1 00:12:30 Muscular Endurance, Protocol, Concentric Movements, Mitochondria 00:19:10 Sponsors: LMNT & Eight Sleep 00:22:00 Long-Duration Endurance, Efficiency, Mitochondria, Capillaries 00:25:54 High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Anaerobic Endurance, Protocol 00:32:33 High-Intensity Aerobic Endurance, Adaptations 00:35:30 Sponsor: Function 00:37:26 Brain & Body Adaptations, Heart 00:40:40 Hydration, Tool: Galpin Equation 00:42:21 Supplements, Stimulants, Magnesium Malate 00:43:11 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures

In this episode, I am joined by Adam Safron, an independent researcher with a wild range of interests—from consciousness and free will to psychedelics, artificial life, and AI alignment. With affiliations at the Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies and Michael Levin's lab at Tufts University, Adam brings a rare interdisciplinary lens to questions about mind, matter, and meaning. We explore how agency arises, what it means to align intelligent systems (both artificial and biological), and how compassion might be the ultimate protocol for thriving.

Lori Crowley, M.A., LMFT, LPCC is a therapist and coach who works with neurodivergent families and couples.  During this episode she shares some of her lived experiences and her expertise as well as the importance of taking a somatic approach to psychotherapy. We discuss so many important issues for neurodiverse couples to understand and addresss including:​How to integrate sensory differences.​Dealing with sensory overwhelm.​Neurons that fire together wire together.​Sensory resourcing.​Understanding all of our senses including vestibular, neuroception, and interoception.​Understanding being sensory seeking, sensory avoidant, neutral or a combination.​Brain story on Neuroclastic website​Logicalizing or invalidating emotions.​“Toward” energy and “Away” Energy.​Rewiring your neural pathways.​Double empathy problem.​Changing the frame in which we are holding our experiences.​Opposites can “complete” each other.​Is it a “can't” or a “won't”?​Overwhelm, lack of agency/choice and sense of imminent demise can lead to trauma.​How do I repair?  1) Create safety in the environment: Person you are interacting with needs to be seen.  Look at them through a sensory lens: 2) They need to be heard.  Hold what comes at you; 3) Teding-people want to feel respected. This can help the other person's energy relax.  Remember not to say “but”, however you can say “and”.​Unpacking some of the sensory issues in play that led to Mona moving forward on a divorce.​Understanding if it's overwhelm or lack of care?​Understand that repair may not be possible, however forgiveness can be very healing.You can contact Lori for therapy here or for coaching here.If you missed the 2025 Neurodiverse Love Conference you can still buy "lifetime access" to the 31 sessions and the 4 recorded Q&A sessions. To buy access to the conference sessions or to learn more about the presentation topics, presenters and the bonuses you will receive click here.You can click here also learn more about the other resources Mona offers or at the links below: Neurodiverse Love Conversation Cards or WorkbookNewsletter | Instagram | Website | YouTube

Transplanted cells offer insight into human-specific properties, such as a lengthy cortical development and sensitivity to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease.

Recent AI news highlights rapid advancements in model capabilities, with Google's Gemini 2.5 and DeepSeek V3 showing significant improvements. The ethical and practical implications of AI are also prominent, seen in H&M's AI model controversy and Bloomberg's AI summary inaccuracies. Infrastructure challenges persist, as OpenAI faces GPU limitations due to ChatGPT's popularity. Meanwhile, strategic partnerships and acquisitions are reshaping the AI landscape, exemplified by xAI's purchase of X and BMW's collaboration with Alibaba. Finally, developments like AI-powered medical diagnostics and autonomous military drones underscore AI's growing societal impact.

By David Stephen who looks at AI and Telehealth in this guest post. There is a new book, Unshrunk: A Story of Psychiatric Treatment Resistance, with the summary, "At age fourteen, Laura Delano saw her first psychiatrist, who immediately diagnosed her with bipolar disorder and started her on a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant. Delano's initial diagnosis marked the beginning of a life-altering saga. For the next thirteen years, she sought help from the best psychiatrists and hospitals in the country, accumulating a long list of diagnoses and a prescription cascade of nineteen drugs. After some resistance, Delano accepted her diagnosis and embraced the pharmaceutical regimen that she'd been told was necessary to manage her incurable, lifelong disease. But her symptoms only worsened. Eventually doctors declared her condition so severe as to be "treatment resistant." After years of faithful psychiatric patienthood, Delano realized there was one thing she hadn't tried - leaving behind the drugs and diagnoses. This decision would mean unlearning everything the experts had told her about herself and forging into the terrifying unknown of an unmedicated life." What, in the brain, becomes altered to result in a serious mental illness? Could AI map the mind and its alteration? If mind is assumed to be the same as mental, what is normal for the mind, to result in regular social and occupational functioning and what is abnormal to disrupt those? Theoretical Brain Science In the evidence, since decades of neuroscience research, the closest cells to how the mind works are neurons. However, neurons [for all they are said to do] never function without their signals: electrical and chemical. When neurons are said to fire or be active, electrical signals are involved and chemical signals as well, in general. AI for Telehealth Therapy Without Medications So, if the way the mind [or mental] works is to be understood for normal or otherwise, it is possible to describe it with neurons plus their electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are cells, like several others across the body. Their anatomy is near fixed, so it is unlikely that neurons can by themselves represent the memory of anything. This means that a neuron may not change shape to [re]present an emotion or have another for a feeling. Even in a cluster, it is unlikely that neurons would have shapes for every memory, given the large amount of memory a human may have, through the years - ranging from education, to places, people, objects, and so forth. The time it would take to change shape and the energy would be disruptive. Simply, neurons, either singular or in clusters are unable to represent memory, emotion, feelings or regulation of internal senses, with shapes or by changing shapes. If this were the case, why would electrical signals have the ability to transport the shape of a cluster of neurons to another cluster, and what would the roles of chemical signals be? To develop a concept of how the human mind works, the likeliest candidates [within the evidence in neuroscience] are the electrical and chemical signals. Not an individual electrical signal or a singular chemical signal, but electrical and chemical signals as sets or loops, available in clusters of neurons. So, every function is approximately a particular assemblage, configuration or formation of electrical and chemical signals in a set. This means that to know what a table is, differently from a window or a fan, is to have electrical and chemical signals assembled in a particular way, in interaction. Electrical and chemical signals have to interact. Electrical signals, in a set, strike for the formation available at the set of chemical signals. The instance of the strike is when memory is produced, or emotion, or feelings, or regulation of internal organs, conceptually. Also, sets of electrical signals and sets of chemical signals often have their states while interacting. These states grade or measure the extents to...

What if the cure for Parkinson's isn't just here on Earth — but also in space? In this powerful episode of Wellness at the Speed of Light, I sat down with two extraordinary women shaping the future of medicine: Dr. Jeanne Loring, a world-renowned stem cell researcher Jenifer Raub, President of Summit for Stem Cell and a Parkinson's patient-turned-advocate Dr. Loring has developed lab-grown brain organoids—tiny but powerful models of the human brain. Through a groundbreaking collaboration with NASA, her team sent these engineered neurons to space to study how microgravity affects brain aging. The results? Neurons age faster in space. A discovery that could change everything we know about Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This research is personal for Jenifer Raub. After hearing Dr. Loring speak, she made it her mission to fund this work—raising millions and giving hope to patients worldwide. This is what happens when science, purpose, and persistence collide. And it's only the beginning. #StemCellResearch #Parkinsons #NASA #BrainHealth #SpaceMedicine #DrJeanneLoring #JeniferRaub #Neuroscience #RegenerativeMedicine #Neurodegeneration #WellnessAtTheSpeedOfLight  

Scientific Sense ® by Gill Eapen: Prof. Ziv Williams is Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at Harvard division of Medical Sciences. The major goal of his lab has been to investigate neural computations that underlie motor and cognitive behavior.Please subscribe to this channel:https://www.youtube.com/c/ScientificSense?sub_confirmation=1

I do hope that I am not the only neuro-nerd out there, but even if you're not particularly fascinated by neuroscience, stick with me!   In this week's episode, I take an old-ish quote and apply it to how your kids learn, leaving you with action you can take to make learning more successful for your kids!   This is extremely helpful in working with kids with dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and so many other specific learning disabilities! It also benefits those with ADHD or any learning struggles!

A few weeks ago a Patreon member sent me a paper titled "Axon-like active signal transmission" by a team at Texas A&M, Stanford, and Sandia National Laboratories. The paper discusses how the team recently transmitted a signal in an experiment. Big whoop, right? But the way they transmitted this signal is interesting because it mimics how neurons do it - self-amplification without additional devices. This result also involves a theory named the "edge of chaos". Now who can ignore that? In this brief video, I want to check out how they sent a signal through a wire.

A few weeks ago a Patreon member sent me a paper titled "Axon-like active signal transmission" by a team at Texas A&M, Stanford, and Sandia National Laboratories. The paper discusses how the team recently transmitted a signal in an experiment. Big whoop, right? But the way they transmitted this signal is interesting because it mimics how neurons do it - self-amplification without additional devices. This result also involves a theory named the "edge of chaos". Now who can ignore that? In this brief video, I want to check out how they sent a signal through a wire.

In this episode, we explore the alarming development of lab-grown human brain tissue that is being harnessed to operate machinery, play video games, and potentially more. Researchers are pushing the boundaries of biotechnology by cultivating miniature, functional clusters of neurons capable of interfacing with external devices. We also delve into Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR), a theory of consciousness proposing that self-awareness arises from quantum-level processes within neuronal microtubules. Together, these cutting-edge topics raise profound questions about the nature of intelligence, the ethics of creating and using living brain matter, and the very foundations of conscious experience.

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Did you know that you can choose to train your brain just like you can train your body? Are you ready to take control of your thoughts? In this episode, Dr. Pat and I are going to explore how you can build your brain to do what you want, just like you train your body. Watch here: https://youtu.be/u0eU-a-X5h0

Did you know that you can choose to train your brain just like you can train your body? Are you ready to take control of your thoughts? In this episode, Dr. Pat and I are going to explore how you can build your brain to do what you want, just like you train your body. Watch here: https://youtu.be/u0eU-a-X5h0

Support the show to get full episodes, full archive, and join the Discord community. The Transmitter is an online publication that aims to deliver useful information, insights and tools to build bridges across neuroscience and advance research. Visit thetransmitter.org to explore the latest neuroscience news and perspectives, written by journalists and scientists. Read more about our partnership. Sign up for the “Brain Inspired” email alerts to be notified every time a new “Brain Inspired” episode is released: To explore more neuroscience news and perspectives, visit thetransmitter.org. Since the 1940s and 50s, back at the origins of what we now think of as artificial intelligence, there have been lots of ways of conceiving what it is that brains do, or what the function of the brain is. One of those conceptions, going to back to cybernetics, is that the brain is a controller that operates under the principles of feedback control. This view has been carried down in various forms to us in present day. Also since that same time period, when McCulloch and Pitts suggested that single neurons are logical devices, there have been lots of ways of conceiving what it is that single neurons do. Are they logical operators, do they each represent something special, are they trying to maximize efficiency, for example? Dmitri Chklovskii, who goes by Mitya, runs the Neural Circuits and Algorithms lab at the Flatiron Institute. Mitya believes that single neurons themselves are each individual controllers. They're smart agents, each trying to predict their inputs, like in predictive processing, but also functioning as an optimal feedback controller. We talk about historical conceptions of the function of single neurons and how this differs, we talk about how to think of single neurons versus populations of neurons, some of the neuroscience findings that seem to support Mitya's account, the control algorithm that simplifies the neuron's otherwise impossible control task, and other various topics. We also discuss Mitya's early interests, coming from a physics and engineering background, in how to wire up our brains efficiently, given the limited amount of space in our craniums. Obviously evolution produced its own solutions for this problem. This pursuit led Mitya to study the C. elegans worm, because its connectome was nearly complete- actually, Mitya and his team helped complete the connectome so he'd have the whole wiring diagram to study it. So we talk about that work, and what knowing the whole connectome of C. elegans has and has not taught us about how brains work. Chklovskii Lab. Twitter: @chklovskii. Related papers The Neuron as a Direct Data-Driven Controller. Normative and mechanistic model of an adaptive circuit for efficient encoding and feature extraction. Related episodes BI 143 Rodolphe Sepulchre: Mixed Feedback Control BI 119 Henry Yin: The Crisis in Neuroscience 0:00 - Intro 7:34 - Physicists approach for neuroscience 12:39 - What's missing in AI and neuroscience? 16:36 - Connectomes 31:51 - Understanding complex systems 33:17 - Earliest models of neurons 39:08 - Smart neurons 42:56 - Neuron theories that influenced Mitya 46:50 - Neuron as a controller 55:03 - How to test the neuron as controller hypothesis 1:00:29 - Direct data-driven control 1:11:09 - Experimental evidence 1:22:25 - Single neuron doctrine and population doctrine 1:25:30 - Neurons as agents 1:28:52 - Implications for AI 1:30:02 - Limits to control perspective

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How brains and AI systems process moving images Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Hollis Cline describes how neuroscience informed development of an artificial intelligence movie recognition system. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:55] Neuroscientist Hollis Cline introduces the background of the study. •[01:49] Cline talks about the current limitations of artificial intelligence movie recognition. •[02:58] She explains why Xenopus tadpoles were used as subjects in this study. •[03:29] Cline talks about the experimental setup and procedure. •[05:53] She explains the results of tadpole neurological monitoring. •[06:32] Cline adds findings about neural plasticity and learning. •[07:53] She describes how the findings led to an artificial intelligence system and the system's capabilities. •[09:53] Caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:22] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Hollis Cline Professor Scripps Research Institute View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2412260121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up the Highlights newsletter

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Your brain is an amazing and complex collection of neural pathways, and everything we learn and think about creates new connections that form our habits. But how can we keep those thoughts and neural connections focused on Jesus so that our habits make us more like him? This teaching is part of our January 2025 series, “Renewing the Mind.” Join us each week as we learn how to guard our thoughts and focus our minds on God's Word so that we might live in accodance with his will. All year we will be examining our lives through the lens of God's Word as we focus on different areas of the Word for 2025: Transformation: Living in the Fullness that God Intended. This episode was recorded on January 26, 2025, during our 11:00am worship service. Today's speaker: Eddie Feliciano Audio Engineer: Oliver Kaufmann Theme Music by: Giancarlo Cordon Produced by: William Hartz ========== Christ Fellowship of Elizabeth is a Christian community whose mission is to love God, make disciples, and change the world. We hope you enjoyed this week's message. Make sure you subscribe in Apple Podcast, Google Play, Spotify, or your favorite podcatcher so you never miss an episode. Follow us online: Website: https://cfofelizabeth.com Instagram: https://instagram.com/cfofelizabeth Threads: https://www.threads.net/@cfofelizabeth Facebook: https://facebook.com/cfofelizabeth YouTube: https://youtube.com/ChristFellowshipofElizabeth Subscribe to our other podcasts at: https://cfofelizabeth.com/podcasts You can join us in person every Sunday. We gather for worship at 10:30am at The Liberty Center at 1121 Elizabeth Ave, Elizabeth, NJ. You can also join us virtually on our livestream by visiting cfofellizabeth.com/live or visiting our YouTube page. To give your tithe or gift online, you can visit: https://tithe.ly/give_new/www/#/tithe or text "Give" to 856-317-6679. To contact the church by phone, call 908-289-6322. If this is your first time with us or you just want to learn more about our church, please visit: http://www.cfofelizabeth.com/im-new ========== ©2025 Christ Fellowship of Elizabeth Love God. Make Disciples. Change the World.

Neurons have long enjoyed a kind of rock star status. We think of them as the most fundamental units of the brain—the active cells at the heart of brain function and, ultimately, at the heart of behavior, learning, and more. But neurons are only part of the story—about half the story, it turns out. The other half of the brain is made up of cells called glia. Glia were long thought to be important structurally but not particularly exciting—basically stage-hands there to support the work of the neurons. But in recent decades, at least among neuroscientists, that view has faded. In our understanding of the brain, glia have gone from stage-hands to co-stars.   My guest today is Dr. Nicola Allen. Nicola is a molecular neuroscientist and Associate Professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. She and her lab study the role of glial cells—especially astrocytes—in brain function and dysfunction.   Here, Nicola and I talk about how our understanding and appreciation of glial cells has changed. We do a bit of Brain Cells 101, reviewing the main division between neurons and glia and then sketching the subtypes within each category. We discuss the different shapes and sizes of glial cells, as well as the different functions. Glia are an industrious bunch. They're involved in synapse formation and pruning, the production of myelin, the repair of injuries, and more. We also talk about how glial cells have been implicated in various forms of brain dysfunction, from neurodegeneration to neurodevelopmental syndromes. And how, as a result, these cells are attracting serious attention as a site for therapeutic intervention.   Well, it's that time of year again folks. Applications are now open for the 2025 Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, or DISI. This is an intense program—highly interdisciplinary, highly international—for scholars and storytellers interested in all forms and facets of intelligence. If you like thinking about minds, if you like thinking about humans and animals and plants and AIs and collectives and ways they're alike and different—you would probably like DISI. For more info, check out disi.org—that's D-I-S-I dot org. Review of applications begins March 1st, so don't dally too too long.   Alright friends—on to my conversation with Dr. Nicola Allen. Enjoy!   Notes and links 3:00 – Correction: “glia” actually comes from the Greek—not the Latin—for “glue.” 3:30 – See this short primer on glia by Dr. Allen and Dr. Ben Barres. For a bit of the history of how glial cells were originally conceived, see this article on Ramón y Cajal's contributions to glia research. 10:00 – On the nascent field of “neuroimmunology,” see here. 14:00 – On the idea that “90% of brain cells are glia” see this article by (former guest) Suzana Herculano-Houzel. 18:00 – The root “oligo” in “oligodendrocyte” means “few” (and is thus the same as the “olig” in, e.g., “oligarchy"). It is not related to the “liga-” in “ligament.” 28:00 – On the idea that the glia-neuron ratio changes as brains grow more complex, see again the article by Dr. Herculano-Houzel. 30:00 – See Dr. Allen's paper on the idea of glia as “architects.” See also Dr. Allen's paper on the idea of glia as “sculptors.” 33:00 – See Dr. Allen's paper on the idea of the “tripartite synapse.” 42:00 – A recent paper reviewing the phenomenon of adult neurogenesis.  48:00 –  See Dr. Allen's recent review of the role of astrocytes in neurodegeneration. 51:30 – A recent article on the roles of APOE in Alzheimer's.   Recommendations Glia (2nd edition), edited by Beth Stevens, Kelly R. Monk, and Marc R. Freeman   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala.   Subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can also now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here! We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com.    For updates about the show, visit our website or follow us on Twitter (@ManyMindsPod) or Bluesky (@manymindspod.bsky.social).

This week I get back to the heart of the show: drug policy, drug addiction, and drugs. I talk about free will as it relates to the war on drugs, addiction and intoxication, and I dig into genetics, criminal justice, punishment and prevention. The nonsensical notion of free will, which I've yet to hear defined with any sort of coherence, plays no part in addiction, and our insistence that it does has allowed us to construct a culture that maximized both the occurrence and the severity of addiction. I plan to do a follow up show to respond to questions or comments you have about this (or any) episode. Let me know what you want to hear. Support the show

 Do you want to be proactive about your health, or do you just shrug your shoulders and figure you play the cards you're dealt? And the big question is, what difference does it make? Today we're going to look at 10 things that contribute to the development of dementia and what, if anything, you can do about it.  I'm Dr.Vickie Petz Kasper. I practiced obstetrics and gynecology for 20 years until I landed on the other side of the sheets   as a very sick patient. When my own body betrayed me, I took a handful of pills to manage my disease and another handful to counteract the side effects. My health was out of control. Through surgery, medications, and lots of prayers, I  regained my strength only to face another  diagnosis.  My doctor challenged me to make radical changes through lifestyle medicine. Now I feel great and I want to help you make changes that make a difference. Healthy Looks Great On You podcast takes you to mini medical school so you can learn the power of lifestyle medicine. If you're ready to take control of your health, you're in the right  place. Whether you're focused on prevention or you're trying to manage a condition. I'll give you practical steps to start your own journey toward better health because healthy looks great on you.   This is episode 155, Ten Must Know Risk Factors for Dementia.  Which ones can you alter, and which ones you just gotta accept. Here's the deal, dementia isn't just one condition with one cause, it's more like a puzzle with pieces that fit together differently for each person. And some of these pieces are fixed, but others, well, they're more like clay that you can reshape. And that's exactly what we're going to dive into today.   What if I told you that some of the choices you're making right now, today, could be tilting the scales either for or against your brain health. It's never too early or too late to make changes that affect your overall health, and that includes your brain health. So, whether you're in your 30s or in your 60s, stick around.  We're about to break down these 10 risk factors for dementia and what you can do about it. Number one on the list is age. Yeah, I know, there's not a thing in the world you can do about it. This is one you have to accept. And if you're a woman, aged 45, your chances of developing dementia during your lifetime are 1 in 5. If you're a man, it's one in 10. And even though I didn't include biologic sex in this list, clearly women are at increased risk, but there may be reasons for that that you can alter. Bottom line is age is the biggest risk factor for dementia and the older you get, the greater the risk. In fact, the chances double every five years after age 65.  To quote Andy Rooney, it's paradoxical that the idea of living a long life appeals to everyone. But the idea of getting old doesn't appeal to anyone. And that's generally true and with good reason. I mean, it's not called over the hill for nothing.  They say you should grow old gracefully. Ha! There's nothing graceful about some of the tolls the years take. And according to George Burns, you know you're getting old when you stoop over to tie your shoelaces and wonder what else could you do while you're down there.  George Burns, remember him? He lived to be 100 years old and was pretty healthy. We're gonna come back to that, so be sure you listen until the end. But age is just one risk factor you have to accept.  But while you're practicing acceptance, here's another one you can't control. Family history.   If someone in your family had dementia, then you are at increased risk. And if more than one somebody in your family had dementia, you're at even more risk. And you know what they say, you can't change the past, but you can change the future. You can start where you are and change the ending. And I want you to remember that quote as we talk through this, because even if you have a strong family history of dementia, your fate is not sealed, but it is at risk. So, think about your family history. You tend to inherit your lifestyle from your family. Okay, not always, but a lot of our habits are ingrained at an early age. We sort of eat the same things and live in similar environments.  Education levels and socioeconomic advantages or disadvantages are often generational, and those things are passed down, but they're not inherited like our genetic code. So I want to challenge you to start where you are and see if there's anything you can do to change the ending.     Number three is similar to family, but not exactly the same. Genetics. Pop quiz, true or false, you can alter your genes.  I want you to stay tuned next week because we are going to talk more about the genetics of Alzheimer's.  The best way to not miss an episode is to subscribe to my newsletter. You can visit my website,  www. healthylooksgreatonyou. com or I put a link in the show notes. I share tips, recipes, and lots of other resources. So why don't you just push pause right now on the podcast and do it before you get busy or forget. Each week on the podcast, I take you to mini medical school And this week, we're going to take a closer look at our  DNA. Don't worry. It's a short course and it's never boring. Do not argue with me. Science is fun if you do it right.  DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. See if you can say that three times really fast. Deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid. Now you'll remember it, even if I did annoy you a little bit. I won't say it again. I'll just use the nickname, DNA. So what is it? It's like a double stranded helix, and I'm sure you've seen pictures before. Looks like a twisted ladder. It's a molecule made up of four nucleotides, C G A T. That's cytosine, guanine, adenosine, and thymine, and these little dudes are held together by hydrogen bonds in different combinations. And here's the exciting part. Every cell in your body follows the code that is written into your DNA. It's like an instruction manual. And each person's DNA is unique. That is why human life is so sacred. Because this coding determines your eye color. your hair color, facial features, and ultimate height, as well as whether or not you're born a boy or a girl.  And here's the deal, it's all determined at the moment of conception. When the egg is fertilized, wow, we are indeed fearfully and wonderfully made. Now, inside of each cell, there's this little part called the nucleus, and that's where most of the chromosome forming DNA lives.  And all of this is foundational to understand genetics but not only does your genetic code determine aspects of your health. But your environment, behavior, and lifestyle can impact genetic expression. Meaning genes can be turned off, turned on, regulated up, regulated down, and we call that epigenetics. It can even happen in the womb before you're born. So you really are what you eat, how you act, and what you do. DNA can also be damaged, so gene expression is affected by age, exposures, environment, and other factors that we're going to look at.  But since I mentioned environmental and exposure, let's move on to number four on the list of risk factors for dementia, and that is air pollution. I bet that surprised you. Turns out that pollution causes damage to the nervous system. Things like exhaust from cars in the city or wood burning in the country. And you want to know what else pollutes the air? cigarette smoke. Smoking is a risk factor for dementia as well as a host of other conditions. Your mind may go straight to cancer, but it also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and even macular degeneration, which can lead to blindness.  And it turns out that number five on the list is uncorrected hearing loss.  and uncorrected vision loss. Remember when I snorted about growing old gracefully? Well, yeah, I'm over here putting in my hearing aids and groping around for my glasses and I don't think any of that is graceful,  but I do it anyway. Now I can't see without my glasses, so they're not optional, But,  uncorrected vision loss does increase the risk of dementia, and the worse the uncorrected vision loss, the worse the risk.   But again, this only applies to people with uncorrected vision loss, and I think most of us wouldn't skip wearing our glasses or contacts, But, I do see a lot of people skip on wearing hearing aids. Now, my husband would argue with this, but I can hear pretty well.  He just talks really soft.  And isn't that what everyone with hearing loss says?  Quit mumbling!  The deal is most people can get by with some hearing impairment. But it does increase the risk of dementia.  Why is that? Well, maybe because you're not processing spoken words and that part of your brain isn't getting used and it shrinks along with everything around it. Or maybe your brain is actually devoting all of its energy to try and understand those mumblers. And it neglects keeping the rest of the brain humming along at full speed.  Experts don't really know exactly why hearing loss is associated with dementia, but it's felt to be responsible for 8 percent of cases. So get over it. Go to the audiologist fork over the cash and get your hearing aids. Your brain's worth it.  Another theory about the impact of hearing loss is interference with social activity. I mean, if you can't hear, you can't participate in conversations or play games or just connect as well. And that leads us to number six, social isolation. We're created to be connected. Isolation is associated with an increased risk of dementia as well as a whole lot of other health conditions. When I say we need each other, I mean we need each other, but I want to make a point. I've talked about the impact of loneliness on this podcast before, and I'll link those episodes in the show notes. It contributes to high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, anxiety, depression, increased inflammation in the body, and alterations in the immune system. But listen, loneliness and social isolation are not the same.  You can live alone. and not be lonely. And you can be surrounded by people and feel loneliness. It is connection that matters. So phone a friend, text a friend, or even send an email. Even simple things like that matter and they'll appreciate it. According to the National Institute on Aging, one in four people over 65 experience social isolation. Now, I picture someone sitting home alone watching TV. Social isolation decreases the opportunity for engaging activities like playing cards. And it decreases the likelihood of staying fit. Think about how many pieces of home exercise equipment serve as just a place to hang your clothes. Going to the gym is a way to get the body fit and connect socially. People who are socially connected typically smoke and drink less. And of course, that depends on who you hang out with, but clearly, people who are trying to quit benefit from community. We all do. And speaking of quitting, many people observe dry January, and it's a great idea because number seven is alcohol. Drinking alcohol does not increase your risk of Alzheimer's,  but it may worsen it.  But hold your beer. You might remember that Alzheimer's is a type of dementia, but not all dementia is Alzheimer's.  There are several other types of dementia and one uniquely occurs in people who consume heavier amounts of alcohol. It's even called alcohol related brain damage.  Here's what happens. Alcohol causes a loss of white matter. This is where the action happens. Neurons send signals to different parts of the brain and with heavy alcohol use the brain actually shrinks, and with less volume, there's less function.  Alcohol can cause atrophy of the cells, and inhibit the growth of new neurons via a process that we call neurogenesis. Alcohol ages the brain faster and contributes to other diseases that are associated with Alzheimer's dementia and other forms of dementia as well. These conditions are things like high blood pressure and heart disease.   But wait! I thought drinking red wine prevents dementia. And this is a hot topic of research and debate. I mean, when you look at the Mediterranean diet and all those blue zones, most of them are in areas where grapes are grown. And when the fruit of the vine is ripe, well, you know. So the debate continues. And whenever there's controversy, it helps a bit to understand statistics. There's something called a J curve, and the theory was that teetotalers had a slightly increased risk of things like heart disease and brain disease, which, by the way, go together. Then, it decreased with a glass or two of red wine a day, and then the swoop up in the letter J indicated an increased risk with heavy drinking. However, whether or not there's any benefit to consuming red wine is now being challenged. And many experts assert that there is no safe level of drinking.  And if you've ever met my mother, you know she agrees wholeheartedly.  But here's the deal. There is no question that excessive drinking increases the risk of,  you name it. And it's especially harmful in midlife. Besides that, it increases your risk of everything I'm going to mention for number eight on the list, which is head injury.  And it's more common than you might realize. Over 23 million adults over the age of 40 have had at least their bell rung. That's slang for a concussion. It can be from falling, car wrecks, or sports injuries. And the more times your brain gets conked, the greater the risk. That's what we call dose dependent. Preventable? Often. Wear a helmet if you're riding a bicycle, snowmobile, motorcycle, or snowboarding or skiing.  And always, always, always wear your seatbelt. But here's where the rubber meets the road.   And that's number nine, certain chronic medical conditions. And here's the deal. Anything that affects your blood vessels affects your heart and brain. So, things like high blood pressure and diabetes, which damage blood vessels, they aren't good for the old ticker and they aren't good for the noggin either.  Okay, I don't know about you, but I'm ready for some good news.  You too, huh?  Well, how about this? Everything that keeps your blood vessels healthy is affected by lifestyle. If you didn't know that was coming, I'd like to welcome you to your first episode of the Healthy Looks Great On You podcast. But seriously, not smoking, limiting alcohol use, maintaining physical fitness, social connectedness, managing stress and things like depression, as well as eating whole foods.  That's your best weapon to prevent dementia, protect your heart and maximize your overall health.  Now if you already have one of these conditions, hear me.  Sometimes, it's not necessarily too late. Remember You can't go back and change the beginning, but you can start where you are and change the ending. now, let me give you this caveat. Sometimes, it is too late, and conditions are not reversible, and that's often the case. So, prevention is super important.  And also, it's felt that 40 percent of dementia cases can be prevented. That leaves 60 percent that cannot.  Diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity can be prevented, treated, and sometimes even reversed with lifestyle changes.  I won't go into each one now, but there are lots of episodes that address these six pillars of lifestyle medicine, as well as specific recommendations for each of these conditions. Just head over to my website, www. healthylooksgreatonyou.  com, and browse for them. Included is an episode on preventing cognitive decline, and I'll link this one in the show notes.  But, before we say goodbye Let's say goodnight, because number 10 on the list is sleep.  The first question is, does poor sleep increase the risk of dementia or does dementia interfere with good quality sleep? And the answer is yes, both are true.  On top of that, people have more difficulty sleeping as they age. And here's another conundrum. Do prescription medications for sleep increase the risk of dementia? I mean, if poor sleep is a risk factor, shouldn't we just head to the pharmacy and pick up a bottle of sleeping pills? Well, a recent study showed that certain sleeping medications increase the risk of dementia in white people to the tune of 79%.  Now, that's in people who either often or almost regularly took sleeping medications compared to people who rarely or never took sleeping pills.  And by the way, white people use way more medications for chronic insomnia. Medications like Xanax and Valium. Trazodone, Halcion, Dalmane, Ambien, and Resoril. They're prescribed to white people 10 times more often.  But, despite these risks, 10 percent of older adults regularly take sleeping medication. And, guess what? Women are the biggest users.  Okay, fine, what if you just take over the counter medications like Benadryl, or Diphenhydramine, or Tylenol PM?  The common ingredient, diphenhydramine, has some evidence that it's associated with a higher incidence of dementia.  So what are you supposed to do if poor sleep increases your risk and medication increases your risk too? Well, I'm so glad you asked.  Sleep is complicated, but it's essential. I'll share some previous links to episodes in the show notes if you struggle with sleep. I have some good news. Coming soon, I'm doing a month long series on sleep, so make sure you stay tuned because I'm going to do a series of live webinars, too.  And if you go to my website, there are a couple of downloads that you can snag. Three simple ways to improve your sleep and what to do if you're tossing and turning because your mind won't shut off.  Okay, before we finish, what about George Burns?  Well, he lived with good health and a sharp mind until he was 100 years old. Think he didn't have risk factors? Think again. He started smoking cigars when he was 14 years old, but never cigarettes, and like Bill Clinton's joint, he didn't inhale. He had two to three drinks a day, and sometimes more, but he says he never got drunk. And he had a serious head injury after falling out of the bathtub.  He adored his wife of 38 years and looked forward to joining her in heaven. In the meantime, he exercised daily. He swam, walked, and did sit ups and push ups.  But maybe, just maybe, his biggest strength was the laughter he generated. He says he didn't tell jokes, but rather anecdotes and lies.  But he was a funny guy.  Now, I'm not saying that laughter will keep you from getting dementia or make you live longer, but it sure will put more joy in your life.  So laugh and be healthy, because healthy looks great on you.       The information contained in this podcast is for educational purposes only and is not considered to be a substitute for medical advice. You should continue to follow up with your physician or health care provider and take medication as prescribed. Though the information in this podcast is evidence based, new research may develop and recommendations may change. RESOURCES: The Deadly Epidemic of Loneliness From Loneliness to Belonging How to prevent, treat and reverse type 2 diabetes 4 Reasons to control your BP Preventing Cognitive Decline Why is Sleeping so Hard? The Mood Mechanic and the work of sleep Healthy Looks Great on You website Join the email list for all the resources  

In this episode, we discuss critical vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure, command injection risks in Aviatrix Network Controllers, and the risks posed by hijacked abandoned backdoors. Episode Links and Topics: More Governments Backdoors in Your Backdoors https://labs.watchtowr.com/more-governments-backdoors-in-your-backdoors/ Researchers reveal how expired domains linked to abandoned backdoors can be hijacked, exposing systems to further compromise. Security Update: Ivanti Connect Secure, Policy Secure, and Neurons for ZTA Gateways https://www.ivanti.com/blog/security-update-ivanti-connect-secure-policy-secure-and-neurons-for-zta-gateways Ivanti addresses critical vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-0282, CVE-2025-0283) in their secure gateway products, with active exploitation in the wild. CVE-2024-50603: Aviatrix Network Controller Command Injection Vulnerability https://www.securing.pl/en/cve-2024-50603-aviatrix-network-controller-command-injection-vulnerability/ A command injection vulnerability in Aviatrix Network Controllers allows unauthenticated code execution, posing severe risks to network environments.

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

These Neurons Tell The Brain To Sneeze

TWiN explains a study showing that while groups of neurons, form the basis for memory, astrocytes are key components of the adaptive reponse to learning experiences, and regulate the flow of information during circuit plasticity and memory recall. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Write your Senator, oppose RFK Jr nomination Astrocytes and memory (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

News From The Point of NO Return: Episode 92 – Report XIV   Welcome to the Event Horizon podcast, where we explore our world's dark and mysterious places, people, and practices. This episode is a Paranormal News show where I discuss the top three paranormal articles for the month. In this episode, we discuss:“Human….Please die”: Chatbot responds with threatening message, November 14, 2024.https://www.aol.com/human-please-die-chatbot-responds-001249154.html  Memory Is Not Confined to Our Brains, Scientists Discover, November 14, 2024.https://www.sciencealert.com/memory-is-not-confined-to-our-brains-scientists-discover Pentagon's UFO report finds over 700 new cases, with 21 the agency could not explain, November 14, 2024.https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/pentagons-ufo-report-finds-700-new-cases-21/story?id=115878401 Support the ShowDid you know you can support the podcast by joining the Spreaker Supporter Club? For as little as $2.00 per month, you can help me grow the show and produce more episodes.  Go to the show page on Spreaker and click on the Supporter Club!  Supporter Club - https://www.spreaker.com/cms/shows/2860481/supporters-club/dashboard CashApp - $mpeter1896Follow Me On Social MediaCome with me and take a walk into the Event Horizon:Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/quantumAIradioTwitter at @EventHo14339589Instagram at @EventHorizon Email at eventhorizon1.618@gmail.com Please join the community and share your thoughts.Follow My Other PodcastsIf you like Event Horizon and are a political junkie, you might like my podcast, "The Mark Peterson Show." Please check it out on Spreaker https://www.spreaker.com/show/the_mark_peterson_show. I just released an episode about the death of Angela Chao, sister-in-law of Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell.  You might also like my new podcast, "Movie Reviews from the Edge." Check it out at https://www.spreaker.com/show/movie-reviews-from-the-edge. Check out my latest review – Picard: Season One – Luciferin Transhumanism.   Buy My New BookI have a new book!  It is called Career Coaching Xs and Os: How To Master the Game of Career Development.  Transform your career trajectory with insider knowledge and actionable advice, all packed into one game-changing guide.  Get your copy on Amazon at https://a.co/d/f7irTML Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/event-horizon--2860481/support.

Dr. Sunny Bains talks to four key figures at Innatera, a spin out from the University of Delft in the Netherlands. They are hoping that their latest spiking neural network chip will become AI of choice for people working on sensor applications. Discussion follows with Dr. Giulia D'Angelo from the Czech Technical University in Prague and Prof. Ralph Etienne-Cummings of Johns Hopkins University.

In this episode of the Accessible Astrology Podcast, host Eugenia Krok discusses how astrology can empower individuals by providing awareness and choice, rather than being 'woo'. She introduces 'The Rising Sign Method™', developed over 15 years, which is grounded in scientific observation and personal data collection.   Special guest Katie (Gemini Rising) shares her transformative experience with the method, emphasizing the importance of astrology as a reflection of one's innate identity rather than external labels. Eugenia cites her top three reasons why astrology is credible, focusing on its roots in scientific study, its impact on human neurology, and data collection from thousands of client interactions. The episode encourages engagement with the rising sign groups, offering listeners community support and a deeper understanding of their life's challenges through shared astrological experiences.   00:00 Introduction to the Accessible Astrology Podcast   00:03 Understanding the Power of Awareness   01:33 Welcome and Overview of the Podcast   01:57 Top Three Reasons Astrology is Not Woo   02:58 Scientific Foundations of Astrology   05:04 Nature's Impact on Neurons and Astrology   06:52 Data-Driven Approach to Astrology   09:52 Join Our Free Online Community   12:03 Interview with Katie: Discovering Astrology   15:12 The Impact of Rising Sign Groups   21:36 Exploring Polarities in Astrology   22:05 Life-Changing Insights from the Fourth House   22:54 Mutual Support in the Gemini Rising Group   24:37 The Power of Connection in Rising Sign Groups   26:34 Universal Experiences Across Diverse Backgrounds   28:06 Encouragement for Skeptics and New Members   31:01 Navigating Challenges with Group Support   34:04 Reflections on Group Healing and Connection   37:26 Final Thoughts and Gratitude   Join our FREE Community & Your Rising Sign Waiting List: https://www.skool.com/accessibleastrology   -Weekly LIVE's with Eugenia Krok, MA   -Daily Astrology Content   -Interactions with Other Like-Minded Astrologers   -A Classroom Packed with Continuing Education   Join us HERE: https://www.skool.com/accessibleastrology    If you would like to be a guest on the Accessible Astrology Podcast and share the transformational journey you have had with Accessible Astrology and the Rising Sign Groups, please apply here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1HtLy0q-xZeIP-g4NF0kG1M2ypCIV6NyDEo2e2z2qG0s/edit

The neurons in our brains are not all alike. Our brains think and feel in four different ways, every one of us. We may be more aware of certain ways than others, and define ourselves by the ways of thinking that are habitual...which does not always serve us well, especially when navigating divorce and post divorce life. In today's show, Part 2 of You're Not Crazy: Exploring the Voices in Your Head, Lisa and Karen familiarize you with the four distinct thinking and feeling modes in your brain introduced in Part 1. With this knowledge you can begin to understand how you can expand your responses to the many challenging situations that arise during the divorce journey as well as life in general. Imagine, you have undiscovered resources within yourself that can help you to be more resourceful and your life easier to navigate! Ready to meet yourself in a new way?  Listen to Part 1: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/youre-not-crazy-part-i-exploring-the-voices-in-your-head/id1261400624?i=1000671723091   Journey Beyond Divorce Resources: Book a Free Rapid Relief Call: http://rapidreliefcall.com  Follow JBD on Instagram: @journey_beyond_divorce   A word from our sponsors: Soberlink is a revolutionary tool designed to support individuals in their journey to sobriety. As a leading provider of remote alcohol monitoring, Soberlink offers a secure and reliable solution that helps people stay accountable and transparent in their recovery process. We're grateful for Soberlink's commitment to enhancing the recovery process and providing valuable resources to our listeners. Learn more about how Soberlink can make a difference in your journey at www.soberlink.com/jbd ======= TalkingParents provides a comprehensive platform designed to simplify co-parenting and enhance communication between parents. With secure messaging, a shared calendar, and features for tracking parenting time, TalkingParents ensures that all important details and agreements are documented and accessible.  We're grateful for TalkingParents' support in simplifying co-parenting and enhancing communication for our listeners. Discover how TalkingParents can bring clarity and organization to your co-parenting journey at www.talkingparents.com/jbd

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If you spend just 5 minutes every day repeating these positive affirmations, there's no doubt your life will begin changing. It only takes a few minutes daily to start building a powerfully positive mindset. But repetition is critical. Neurons that fire together, wire together - which means that the more you practice a positive mindset, the more easily and naturally it will come to you. Soon, you'll find yourself remaining calm, rational, grateful, and optimistic, even in the moments where positivity can be hard.  About Wake Me UpWake Me Up is the # 1 guided morning routine podcast. Our guided morning wake ups offer affirmations, mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and motivation specifically designed to help you get out of bed and start your day with a positive mindset. Stop pressing the snooze button all morning long, and turn on an episode of Wake Me Up instead. You will be happier and more successful at everything in life because of it!Try out our different kinds of episodes to see what you like. And add it into your morning routine every day. Each day, you will be happier than the day before :) Listen to my Spotify playlists to keep the good vibes going this morning: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6nSXshDBPub8iigdyQJlWN?si=207f42f85dbc4b97⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Want to be more focused? Wish distractions would just melt away? Sign up for the WMU Focus Course! If you're interested in joining, all you need to do is sign up for the course here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://wakemeuppod.gumroad.com/l/focus⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.Get ad-free access to the entire WMU catalog + bonus content + 25% discount on WMU courses by joining the WMU Premium Feed. Sign up and start your 7-day free trial at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://wakemeup.supercast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.Follow the show on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ -  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple Podcasts⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Amazon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Podchaser⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Say hi or request an episode at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.wakemeuppodcast.com/contact⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.See visual guides for the yoga and stretches in WMU episodes at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.wakemeuppodcast.com/stretches⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.**Only partake in the physical movements suggested in Wake Me Up episodes if you are physically able and in safe surroundings. All movements are done at the individual's own risk. Be safe, and always consult a doctor if you have any questions or concerns.**Have a wonderful day

Can you make a computer chip out of neurons? Neil deGrasse Tyson, Chuck Nice, & Gary O'Reilly explore organoid intelligence, teaching neurons to play Pong, and how biology can enhance technology with neuroscientist and Chief Scientific Officer at Cortical Labs, Brett Kagan.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/synthetic-biological-intelligence-with-brett-kagan/Thanks to our Patrons Amar Shah, Carol Ann West, Mehdi Elahi, Peter Dawe, Paul Larkin, Saad Hamze, Eric Kristof, Nikki Shubert, braceyourself07, and wayne dernoncourt for supporting us this week.