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All over the world, for all of human history – and probably going back to our earliest hominid ancestors – people have found ways to try to keep themselves clean. But how did soap come about? Research: “Soap, N. (1), Etymology.” Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, June 2025, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1115187665. American Cleaning Institute. “Soaps & Detergents History.” https://www.cleaninginstitute.org/understanding-products/why-clean/soaps-detergents-history Beckmann, John. “History of Inventions, Discoveries and Origins.” William Johnston, translator. Bosart, L.W. “The Early History of the Soap Industry.” The American Oil Chemists' Society. Journal of Oil & Fat Industries 1924-10: Vol 1 Iss 2. Cassidy, Cody. “Who Discovered Soap? What to Know About the Origins of the Life-Saving Substance.” Time. 5/5/2020. https://time.com/5831828/soap-origins/ Ciftyurek, Muge, and Kasim Ince. "Selahattin Okten Soap Factory in Antakya and an Evaluation on Soap Factory Plan Typology/Antakya'da Bulunan Selahattin Okten Sabunhanesi ve Sabunhane Plan Tipolojisi Uzerine Bir Degerlendirme." Art-Sanat, no. 19, Jan. 2023, pp. 133+. Gale Academic OneFile, dx.doi.org/10.26650/artsanat.2023.19.1106544. Accessed 18 Aug. 2025. Costa, Albert B. “Michel-Eugène Chevreul.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michel-Eugene-Chevreul Curtis, Valerie A. “Dirt, disgust and disease: a natural history of hygiene.” Journal of epidemiology and community health vol. 61,8 (2007): 660-4. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.062380 Dijkstra, Albert J. “How Chevreul (1786-1889) based his conclusions on his analytical results.” OCL. Vol. 16, No. 1. January-February 2009. Gibbs, F.W. “The History and Manufacture of Soap.” Annals of Science. 1939. Koeppel, Dan. “The History of Soap.” 4/15/2020. https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/history-of-soap/ List, Gary, and Michael Jackson. “Giants of the Past: The Battle Over Hydrogenation (1903-1920).” https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=210614 Maniatis, George C. “Guild Organized Soap Manufacturing Industry in Constantinople: Tenth-Twelfth Centuries.” Byzantion, 2010, Vol. 80 (2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44173107 National Museum of American History. “Bathing (Body Soaps and Cleansers).” https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/health-hygiene-and-beauty/bathing-body-soaps-and-cleansers New Mexico Historic Sites. “Making Soap from the Leaves of the Soaptree Yucca.” https://nmhistoricsites.org/assets/files/selden/Virtual%20Classroom_Soaptree%20Yucca%20Soap%20Making.pdf “The history of soapmaking.” 8/30/2019. https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/history-science-technology-and-medicine/history-science/the-history-soapmaking Pliny the Elder. “The Natural History of Pliny. Translated, With Copious Notes and Illustrations.” Vol. 5. John Bostock, translator. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm Pointer, Sally. “An Experimental Exploration of the Earliest Soapmaking.” EXARC Journal. 2024/3. 8/22/2024. https://exarc.net/issue-2024-3/at/experimental-exploration-earliest-soapmaking Ridner, Judith. “The dirty history of soap.” The Conversation. 5/12/2020. https://theconversation.com/the-dirty-history-of-soap-136434 Routh, Hirak Behari et al. “Soaps: From the Phoenicians to the 20th Century - A Historical Review.” Clinics in Dermatology. Vol. No. 3. 1996. Smith, Cyril Stanley, and John G. Hawthorne. “Mappae Clavicula: A Little Key to the World of Medieval Techniques.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 64, no. 4, 1974, pp. 1–128. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1006317. Accessed 18 Aug. 2025. Timilsena, Yakindra Prasad et al. “Perspectives on Saponins: Food Functionality and Applications.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 24,17 13538. 31 Aug. 2023, doi:10.3390/ijms241713538 “Craftsmanship of Aleppo Ghar soap.” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/craftsmanship-of-aleppo-ghar-soap-02132 “Tradition of Nabulsi soap making in Palestine.” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tradition-of-nabulsi-soap-making-in-palestine-02112 “Soaps.” https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/ethnobotany/soaps.shtml van Dijk, Kees. “Soap is the onset of civilization.” From Cleanliness and Culture. Kees van Dijk and Jean Gelman Taylor, eds. Brill. 2011. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvbnm4n9.4 Wei, Huang. “The Sordid, Sudsy Rise of Soap in China.” Sixth Tone. 8/11/2020. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1006041 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Season three of TWD: Daryl Dixon starts off with a simple story of two friends trying survive, with the European beauty and panache that this show does at its best, and we loved it! Join Lucy and Jason as we talk it out. Next up: Listener feedback for this episode, TWD: Daryl Dixon S3E1 “Costa da Morte”. Let us know your thoughts! You can email or send a voice message to talk@podcastica.com. Or check out our Walking Dead Facebook group, where we put up comment posts for each episode, at facebook.com/groups/deadcast. Seen Alien: Earth yet? It's been great! Join Jason, Randy, and Kara to talk it out on Wax Episodic. Available wherever you get podcasts, or at waxepisodic.com Check out all our other shows at podcastica.com. Show support and get ad-free episodes and a bunch of other cool stuff: patreon.com/jasoncabassi Or go to buymeacoffee.com/cabassi for a one-time donation. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Reposted from The ‘Cast of Us, which you can find at: https://podcastica.com/podcast/the-cast-of-us — Season three of TWD: Daryl Dixon starts off with a simple story of two friends trying survive, with the European beauty and panache that this show does at its best, and we loved it! Join Lucy and Jason as we talk it out. Next up: Listener feedback for this episode, TWD: Daryl Dixon S3E1 “Costa da Morte”. Let us know your thoughts! You can email or send a voice message to talk@podcastica.com. Or check out our Walking Dead Facebook group, where we put up comment posts for each episode, at facebook.com/groups/deadcast. Seen Alien: Earth yet? It's been great! Join Jason, Randy, and Kara to talk it out on Wax Episodic. Available wherever you get podcasts, or at waxepisodic.com Check out all our other shows at podcastica.com. Show support and get ad-free episodes and a bunch of other cool stuff: patreon.com/jasoncabassi Or go to buymeacoffee.com/cabassi for a one-time donation. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This week we have a fresh Tech House set recorded by Carlos Manaça last August 31st at Waikiki Beach Club in Costa Da Caparica (Lisbon) in a Preevilege and yamore.pt great Summer event.“6am In The 6ix EP” de Chris Campos, Love Yue, Deecee e Quim está à venda nas principais lojas online e serviços de streaming.https://linktr.ee/magnarecordingsMore info athttps://linktr.ee/carlosmanacahttps://linktr.ee/magnarecordingshttps://music.beepd.co/card/carlosmanaca
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
Costa loves his Lions but will he take them in week 1 on the road? Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
Valenti and Costa had a fantasy draft that saw drama from a former NFL offensive lineman. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
Does focusing on the afterlife mean checking out of this one? This message, "Final Destination," explores the promise from Revelation 21. Discover how an eternal perspective actually empowers you to live more effectively on earth-the way you handle money, your thought-life, and the way you face suffering and even death.
Dave Kranz creator of the WeFishASA podcast would like you to listen to this week's episode. Dan Johnston Director of Sales for StCroix Rod gives us his thoughts on bait sizes for fall fishing. Joe Bucher tells us about his favorite techniques to use in the fall for all species. John Crews Bassmaster Elite Angler and owner of Missile Baits wraps up his 2025 season and talks about looking forward to 2026.
Aumenta la tensión militar entre Estados Unidos y Venezuela Colombia y Perú se disputan la soberanía de la isla de Santa Rosa Los castillos del Loira amenazados por el cambio climático Hallado en Argentina un cuadro robado por los nazis La ‘crisis de los 40' se adelanta a los 20 años
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
Find out what lead to Jim Costa going full chipwich. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Just how good was Bryce Underwood's debut with the Michigan Wolverines? Valenti and Costa talk through it on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Costa gives his full review of the spread Mike had for him for Saturday's action. The guys also talk about Deion Sanders' coaching malpractice. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Guest Dr. Constantino “Costa” Aguilar is a distinguished educational leader with over 29 years of transformative service in public education. Throughout his dynamic career, Dr. Aguilar has demonstrated extraordinary commitment to student success and organizational excellence, serving in a wide range of leadership roles, including Spanish Teacher, Head Baseball Coach, Associate Principal, Principal, Executive Director of Technology and Innovation, and Assistant Superintendent of Educational Services in the Merced Union High School District. He currently serves as the Superintendent of Riverbank Unified School District, where he continues to lead with strategic vision, innovation, and a relentless focus on equity and achievement for all students. Dr. Aguilar's exceptional leadership has been recognized at the state level. He is a proud recipient of the prestigious “Honoring Our Own” award from the California Association of Latino Superintendents and Administrators (CALSA) and has been named Mentoring Minds California Administrator of the Year. His accolades also include ACSA Region 9 Principal of the Year, Career Technical Education (CTE) Administrator of the Year, and District Principal and Co-Administrator of the Year—testaments to his ability to inspire teams, elevate learning environments, and drive sustainable change. Summary Dr. Constantino “Costa” Aguilar is a superintendent in his third year at Riverbank Unified School District. Costa shares his journey from being a Spanish teacher to becoming a superintendent and discusses his vision for educational reform. He highlights the importance of social-emotional learning and dual enrollment programs—high school and college—and emphasizes the need to teach students how to be productive members of society. Costa outlines the challenges facing education today, including social disengagement, mental health issues, and the integration of artificial intelligence. He also stresses the need for community engagement, parent involvement, and a shift away from antiquated, adult-centric school systems. Key Takeaways Educational Purpose and Reform: According to Costa, the current national K12 school system is "incredibly antiquated" and no longer serves students' needs. He believes the purpose of schooling should be to provide every student with the opportunity to pursue their dreams, regardless of what they are. Costa advocates for changes like different scheduling and focusing on mastery learning over traditional grading. The Role of Community and Social-Emotional Learning: Costa emphasizes the importance of unifying the community and building trust between parents and the school system. He believes social-emotional learning (SEL) is a foundational and essential component of education, helping students develop emotional intelligence and learn how to be productive social members of society. Challenges of Modern Education: The biggest challenges Costa faces include how to use artificial intelligence, improving literacy skills, and student mental health. Social Media Riverbank Unified School District
It was an honor to have Chief Chad Costa join the podcast via the inter web. Chief talked about the many layers of fire service that work together to Fight Wild Fires. It takes all of us and the best thing we can do is leave our ego at home and remember we are all fighting the same fight and here to help each other. Tune in to hear Chief Costa discuss that topic and more in this incredible episode.
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El Patronato de Turismo de la Costa del Sol califica de positivo el verano, a falta de datos oficiales aunque advierten de que podrá caer el gasto turístico. A las 21h el Infoca daba por controlado el incendio forestal que se declaró a mediodía en el Monte Corona de Málaga capital. El precio del alquiler bajó un 0.1% en agosto en la provincia de Málaga, en línea con la bajada nacional aunque sigue en el top 5 de las provincias más caras. En deportes, finalmente el mercado de fichajes cerró esta medianoche sin que el Málaga hiciera ninguna incorporación al frustrarse la cesión del mediocentro del Athletic de Bilbao Unai Vencedor. Y hoy hablamos en nuestra entrevista con la doctora María García Fernández tras el importante avance en la investigación del párkinson que ha logrado un equipo de investigadores del IBIMA y la Universidad de Málaga al descubrir una hormona que protege a las neuronas del daño de esta enfermedad. Escuchar audio
Elam Blackman, Anthony da Costa, Raina Rose, Robert Sarazin Blake, Kelly McFarling, Dawn Oberg, and Megan Keely.
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
El "Tot costa" informa sobre tot el que passa en el m
In dieser Folge begrüßt Tommi das neue Fünferketten-Mitglied Danny da Costa. Die beiden nehmen das Fußballwochenende ausführlich auseinander. Sie sprechen unter anderem über frühe Trainerentlassungen, das Hamburger Derby, sowie die Conference-League. Außerdem geht es ausführlich um Dannys bisherige Karriere: Er erzählt, wie man sich nach einer harten Verletzung wieder zurückkämpft und wie es eigentlich ist, wenn man als Sechzehnjähriger in eine Trainingsgruppe mit Michael Ballack, Simon Rolfes und Arturo Vidal kommt. Nicht zuletzt, weil die beiden eine Lanze für den deutschen Fußball brechen, solltet ihr euch diese Premierenfolge mit Danny da Costa anhören, die mindestens genauso scheppert, wie ein Mainzer Gästeblock bei 9 Grad und Nieselregen in Norwegen. Hier geht´s zum großen COPA TS Gewinnspiel: https://forms.gle/mKRAaKHzsvt1K6Gv5 Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/copa_ts
Lucas da Costa concludes the study of Ecclesiastes. Ecclesiastes 11 v 9 - 12 v 14; Matthew 22 vs 34 - 40
Lindelof, Paqueta, Martinez, Costa, Asensio. It's matchday. I don't know where to begin. ______________ Interested in sponsoring 1874: The Aston Villa Channel? Email us at studio@1874.io #avfc Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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Just how good are the AFC and NFC South? Is there a viable Super Bowl contender? Will we see a surprise team? Valenti and Costa run through every team in both divisions on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Costa and Jansen welcomed hall of famer Alan Trammel to the show and should fans be worried about the recent losing streak?
Valenti and Costa tackle the bully corner, friendship total and the teaser pleaser on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Best Of The Tigers on 97.1 The Ticket: Alan Trammel Joins Costa and Jansen and Should Fans Be Worried?
Precious metals are starting to move. Otavio Costa was pounding the table on gold and silver back in 2023. This is a replay of that conversation. I hope you guys enjoy!Hey Guys! This episode, we hear from Tavi Costa, portfolio manager at Crescat Capital, and get his insights into the precious metals industry. Tavi talks about the importance of precious metals CAPEX and explains how the demand for precious metals, specifically gold, affects the industry. He also discusses the differing opinions of gold bears. Tavi shares his thoughts on the inflation super cycle and how it impacts investing criteria. He also talks about identifying mistakes and valuing precious metals equities.[0:00] Who is Tavi Costa?[6:00] Precious Metals CAPEX[22:00] PM Demand: The Use of Gold[33:00] Gold Bears[40:00] The Inflation Super Cycle[50:00] Investing Criteria[59:00] Identifying Mistakes[1:08:00] Valuing PM Equities[1:19:00] More from Tavi Costa and Closing QuestionsIf you enjoyed this podcast, please check out Otavio on Twitter @TaviCosta and read his latest research at Crescat Capital. Finally, thanks to the following sponsors for making the podcast a reality!MitimcoThis episode is brought to you by MIT Investment Management Company, also known as MITIMCo, the investment office of MIT. Each year, MITIMCo invests in a handful of new emerging managers who it believes can earn exceptional long-term returns to support MIT's mission. To help the emerging manager community more broadly, they created emergingmanagers.org, a website for emerging manager stockpickers.I highly recommend the site for those looking to start a stock-picking fund or learn how others have done it. You'll find essays and interviews by successful emerging managers, service providers used by MIT's own managers, essays MITIMCo has written for emerging managers, and more!
Nachts flogen erneut russische und ukrainische Drohnen Angriffe, laut EU-Ratspräsident Costa wurde die EU-Vertretung in Kiew beschädigt. Deutschlands Außenminister bezweifelt, dass es in absehbarer Zeit überhaupt zu Verhandlungen zwischen Russland und der Ukraine kommt.
Valenti doesn't believe in the Chiefs as much as Costa. Who do you side with? Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Valenti and Costa search for value throughout the AFC and NFC West. Will they agree on who they believe will win the divisions? Find out on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
From 'Cash The Ticket' (subscribe here): Valenti doesn't believe in the Chiefs as much as Costa. Who do you side with? Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Scary Terry signed his deal, will that change Valenti and Costa's thoughts on the Commanders? Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Who will be King of the North at the end of the season in the AFC and NFC? Valenti and Costa take you through both divisions on this episode while trying to find the best value. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Revisited: Bruno Pereira was considered one of the great Indigenous protectors of his generation. And this made him an enemy of a man called Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, also known as Pelado. The Guardian's Latin America correspondent, Tom Phillips, reports on the story of the two men and what happened when their paths collided. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/infocus
Una reina poderosa, temida por unos y deseada por otros. Gobernó con inteligencia, negoció con imperios… y terminó enfrentando la traición más brutal. Su muerte sigue siendo un misterio, y su legado, una advertencia.
On this episode of Cash the Ticket, Valenti and Costa preview the AFC and NFC East while also going through week zero, Micah Parsons and learning to play football on YouTube. All of that and so much more on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Valenti and Costa have fun with Heisman Trophy odds and find the best value for you. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Who will make the playoff from the group of five? Valenti and Costa look at all the viable options with the best value. Download the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices
The 5 things you need to know before the stock market opens today: Spotify is looking to raise prices, the Trump administration has ordered Danish wind power company Orsted to halt development on its project off the coast of Rhode Island, China Evergrande Group was delisted from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Keurig Dr Pepper will pay $18 billion for coffee brand JDE Peet's, and Coca-Cola is reportedly exploring splitting with its own coffee brand, Costa. Squawk Box is hosted by Joe Kernen, Becky Quick and Andrew Ross Sorkin. Follow Squawk Pod for the best moments, interviews and analysis from our TV show in an audio-first format.
Is Iowa State a favorite in the Big 12? Valenti and Costa discuss on this episode of Cash the Ticket. Download and subscribe today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices