Podcasts about Nahum

Today's Scripture passages are Nahum 1 - 3 | Habakkuk 1 - 2:1 | Philippians 2.Read by Christina Edmondson. Get in The Word with Truth's Table is a production of InterVarsity Press. For 75 years, IVP has published and created thoughtful Christian books for the university, church, and the world. Our Bible reading plan is adapted from Bible Study Together, and the Bible version is the New English Translation, used by permission.SPECIAL OFFER | As a listener of this podcast, use the code IVPOD25 for 25% off any IVP resource mentioned in this episode at ivpress.com.Additional Credits:Song production: Seaux ChillSong lyrics written by: Seaux Chill, Ekemini Uwan, and Christina EdmondsonPodcast art: Kate LillardPhotography: Shelly EveBible consultant: JM SmithSound engineering: Podastery StudiosCreative producers: Ekemini Uwan and Christina EdmondsonAssistant producer: Christine Pelliccio MeloExecutive producer: Helen LeeDisclaimer: The comments, views, and opinions expressed in this podcast are solely those of the host and/or the guests featured on the podcast and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of InterVarsity Press or InterVarsity Christian Fellowship.

God is not to be taken lightly. His character is awesome—jealous, just, powerful, infinite, good, and final—and His judgment is certain against those who grow indifferent to Him. Because of who God is, we must take Him seriously and fear Him reverently, passing on His truth to the next generation.

By Every Word, 10-4-25

The coming destruction of Nineveh is full of woe for Assyria as a consequence of their idolatry and sin. The LORD is against them and will leave them with nothing but shame because they have rejected Him as their comforter. As the Egyptian city of Thebes was once powerless before Assyria, so Nineveh will now be powerless before the LORD, as will anyone who rejects the gift of faith in Christ. Though the kings of Assyria could not keep the people of Nineveh safe, the LORD as the Good Shepherd will gather His people into His holy Church.  Rev. Jeremy Swem, pastor at Our Savior Lutheran Church and School in Grand Rapids, MI, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Nahum 3:1-19.  To learn more about Our Savior, visit oursavior-gr.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Nahum vividly describes the coming destruction of Nineveh at the hands of the Babylonian army. No matter what preparations the Assyrians attempt to make, the LORD will lead the Babylonian army in bringing His destruction. Nineveh will be plundered and left desolate as the LORD carries out His judgment against the unrepentant city.  Rev. Phillip Fischaber, pastor at Holy Trinity Lutheran Church in Walnut, IL, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Nahum 2:1-13.  To learn more about Holy Trinity, visit htlcwalnut.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

The book of Nahum is one of the minor prophets, but its message is anything but small. Written in vivid Hebrew poetry, Nahum pronounces the downfall of Nineveh, capital of the Assyrian Empire, which had terrorized the nations—including Israel and Judah—with cruelty and oppression. Where Jonah emphasized Nineveh's opportunity for repentance a century earlier, Nahum focuses on its certain judgment. Nahum opens with a majestic hymn to God's power: “The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and wrathful; the LORD takes vengeance on his adversaries and keeps wrath for his enemies” (Nahum 1:2). Yet even amid this fearful vision of divine judgment, there is hope for those who trust in the Lord: “The LORD is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; he knows those who take refuge in him” (Nahum 1:7). The book is largely written in poetic oracles, filled with imagery of storms, floods, lions, and destruction. Nahum's artistry heightens the drama: the oppressor who once devoured nations like a lion will itself be hunted and destroyed. The conclusion of the first chapter shifts from judgment to the announcement of deliverance: “Behold, upon the mountains, the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace! Keep your feasts, O Judah; fulfill your vows, for never again shall the worthless pass through you; he is utterly cut off” (Nahum 1:15). This verse echoes Isaiah 52:7 (“How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news…”) and later is quoted by the Apostle Paul in Romans 10:15 (“How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good news!”). In both Isaiah and Paul, the imagery of Nahum's poetry is transformed into a vision of the ultimate gospel peace—the good news fulfilled in Christ. Thus, the book of Nahum, though a prophecy of destruction, carries within its poetry a seed of hope: God will judge the oppressor, vindicate His people, and bring true peace through His sovereign rule. Here is a great place to start: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y30DanA5EhU

Although little is known about Nahum himself, the meaning of his name, “comfort,” describes well what is found in his preaching. The people of God had been regularly oppressed by the nation of Assyria and its capital city, Nineveh. Therefore, the LORD comforts His people by speaking about the destruction of Nineveh. To those who are the LORD's enemies, He comes with vengeance and wrath. He promises that Nineveh will not be able to withstand Him. While there is no comfort for all who stand against the LORD, those who take refuge in Him have Him as their stronghold and rejoice in the good news that He sends to them.  Rev. Ned Moerbe, pastor at Memorial Lutheran Church and School in Houston, TX, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Nahum 1:1-15.  To learn more about Memorial Lutheran, visit mlchouston.org “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Nahum

Nahum

Micah's concluding sermon is a play on his name. Who is like God? Only the LORD passes over the sins of His people, for He is the God of steadfast love. His compassion comes anew so that our sins are cast into the depths of the ocean, and they will never be fished out. He remembers His promise made to our fathers in the faith, and He has kept that promise in the Lord Jesus Christ.  Rev. Jacob Heine, pastor at Faith Lutheran Church in Topeka, KS, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 7:18-20.  To learn more about Faith Lutheran, visit faithlutherantopeka.com. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Micah 7; Nahum 1-3; Habakkuk 1

Send us a textHave you ever felt like your joy was slipping away — stolen by circumstances, injustice, or waiting for God to move?Josiah Queen's song “Can't Steal My Joy” declares a deeper truth: the joy God gives isn't tied to what's happening around us, and the world can't take away what it didn't give.This week on More Than a Song, we're exploring the book of Habakkuk — a short but powerful conversation between a prophet and God about violence, injustice, confusion, and ultimately, unwavering trust. As we follow Habakkuk's journey from questioning to rejoicing, we'll discover how to choose joy even in seasons that don't make sense.Key PointsJoy given by God is not dependent on our circumstances — it's untouchable and unshakable.Habakkuk wrestled with the same tension we often feel: what we see in the world versus what we know about God's character.Even in seasons of waiting, confusion, or suffering, we can choose to rejoice in the God of our salvation.Honest dialogue with God is not only allowed but modeled by Habakkuk.Faith is the dividing line between the proud who trust in themselves and the righteous who trust in God.Bible Interaction Tool Exercises (BITEs) UsedRead in context – Read the entire book of Habakkuk (it's only three chapters!).Repetition – Read or listen to the book multiple times to deepen understanding.Read in various translations – Compare language choices in different versions.Consult an overview – Watch the Bible Project video on Habakkuk.Make observations – Look for patterns, dialogue, and themes.Compare and contrast – Examine the difference between the proud and the righteous.Follow cross-references – Explore how Habakkuk 2:4 is quoted in the New Testament.Additional ResourcesDownload the free Episode GuideLyrics for Can't Steal My Joy by Josiah Queen – NewReleaseToday.comOld Testament Overview of Habakkuk - BibleProject.comCCM Magazine ArticleExalting Jesus in Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk (Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary) - Amazon Paid LinkLearn more about my favorite Bible Study Software with a 30-day free trial and links to my favorite Bible resources - Logos Bible Software Affiliate LinkThis Week's ChallengeRead and listen to Habakkuk on repeat. Write down your observations and then watch the Bible Project overview video about Habakkuk. Write down your own questions for God and ask Him to reveal His answers. In the meantime, write out your own prayer in the pattern of Habakkuk's song in chapter three. Be sure to include the choice to be joyful in the God of your salvation.Purchase your copy of A Seat at the Table today! Change your music. Change your life. Join my free 30-Day Music Challenge. CLICK HERE.

Along with the faithful remnant, Micah confesses that no one is righteous. Even the closest family relationships are torn by sin. Yet Micah and the faithful people of God look to the LORD for their salvation, knowing that He will vindicate them in the end. As they call upon the LORD to be their Shepherd, the LORD answers and promises that He will bring His salvation as He once did in the land of Egypt.  Rev. Tim Storck, pastor at Good Shepherd Lutheran Church in Chesterfield, MI, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 7:1-17.  To learn more about Good Shepherd Lutheran, visit facebook.com/GoodShepChesterfield. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

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Psalm 114:1-8, Nahum 1:7-15, Ephesians 6:10-20. As St Paul puts it, ‘Our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the *spiritual forces of evil* in the heavenly realms' (Ephesians 6:12) Today's passages show us that the battle is won through the victorious power of the Lord

Psalm 114:1-8, Nahum 1:7-15, Ephesians 6:10-20. As St Paul puts it, ‘Our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the *spiritual forces of evil* in the heavenly realms' (Ephesians 6:12) Today's passages show us that the battle is won through the victorious power of the Lord

The LORD brings an indictment against His people. He reminds them that He has done nothing to weary them, but He has always brought them redemption throughout His dealings with them. Micah leads the people in remembering that the response the LORD desires is not merely an outward show, but rather a sincere and humble faith in the LORD who is merciful and just. Despite Micah's faithful preaching, the people respond with continued deceit toward each other. Therefore, the LORD proclaims that they will not reap the fruit they desire.  Rev. Matt Wietfeldt, Assistant Vice President of Admissions at Concordia Theological Seminary in Ft. Wayne, IN, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 6:1-16.  To learn more about Concordia Theological Seminary, visit ctsfw.edu. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

As Micah proclaims the LORD's coming victory for the sake of His people, the prophet turns our attention to the birth of the promised Savior. The Savior will be born not in Jerusalem, but in Bethlehem. He will be the King in the line of David who will shepherd God's people in security. The LORD will deliver His remnant from the nations, and all people will see that their idols are useless.  Rev. Carl Roth, pastor at Grace Lutheran Church in Elgin, TX, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 5:1-15.  To learn more about Grace Lutheran, visit graceelgin.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

The book of Nahum is one of the minor prophets, but its message is anything but small. Written in vivid Hebrew poetry, Nahum pronounces the downfall of Nineveh, capital of the Assyrian Empire, which had terrorized the nations—including Israel and Judah—with cruelty and oppression. Where Jonah emphasized Nineveh's opportunity for repentance a century earlier, Nahum focuses on its certain judgment. Nahum opens with a majestic hymn to God's power: “The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and wrathful; the LORD takes vengeance on his adversaries and keeps wrath for his enemies” (Nahum 1:2). Yet even amid this fearful vision of divine judgment, there is hope for those who trust in the Lord: “The LORD is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; he knows those who take refuge in him” (Nahum 1:7). The book is largely written in poetic oracles, filled with imagery of storms, floods, lions, and destruction. Nahum's artistry heightens the drama: the oppressor who once devoured nations like a lion will itself be hunted and destroyed. The conclusion of the first chapter shifts from judgment to the announcement of deliverance: “Behold, upon the mountains, the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace! Keep your feasts, O Judah; fulfill your vows, for never again shall the worthless pass through you; he is utterly cut off” (Nahum 1:15). This verse echoes Isaiah 52:7 (“How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news…”) and later is quoted by the Apostle Paul in Romans 10:15 (“How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good news!”). In both Isaiah and Paul, the imagery of Nahum's poetry is transformed into a vision of the ultimate gospel peace—the good news fulfilled in Christ. Thus, the book of Nahum, though a prophecy of destruction, carries within its poetry a seed of hope: God will judge the oppressor, vindicate His people, and bring true peace through His sovereign rule. Here is a great place to start: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y30DanA5EhU

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

With words very similar to the contemporary prophet Isaiah, Micah speaks about the coming days when the mountain of the LORD will be lifted above all other mountains, causing peoples to stream to the LORD's house to hear His Word. As the LORD leads His people to walk in His name, He reigns over them as no other king could. Even though Babylon will take the people of Israel captive, the LORD will ultimately deliver His people and defeat their enemies.  Rev. Jeff Hemmer, pastor at Bethany Lutheran Church in Fairview Heights, IL, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 4:1-13.  To learn more about Bethany Lutheran, visit bethanylcms.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Micah preaches against the rulers who should know and seek justice according to the LORD's Word and against the prophets who are only out for shameful gain. Such abuses do physical and spiritual damage to people that is far greater than our eyes often see, and the LORD has severe consequences for such sins committed by those who misuse their authority. The LORD promises neither to hear their prayers nor to speak His Word, all in an effort to wake His people up from their unbelief so that they would turn to Him anew for mercy. Even in the midst of such false prophets, Micah stands as a true prophet who has heard the LORD's Word and proclaims it faithfully, pointing forward to Jesus as the One who is the very Word of God made flesh.  Rev. Sean Kilgo, pastor at Redeemer Lutheran Church in Lawrence, KS, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 3:1-12.  To learn more about Redeemer Lutheran, visit Redeemer-Lawrence.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Send us a textIn this episode, Pastor Dom teaches us the biblical principal of stewardship. Genesis 12:77 Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.”3 John 22 Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health, just as your soul prospers.Romans 11:1616 For if the firstfruit is holy, the lump is also holy; and if the root is holy, so are the branches.Deuteronomy 8:1818 “And you shall remember the Lord your God, for it is He who gives you power to get wealth,…Matthew 6:2424 “No one can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be loyal to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and mammon.1 Timothy 6:1010 For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, for which some have strayed from the faith in their greediness, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.Matthew 6:2121 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.Luke 12:1515 Then he (Jesus) said, “Beware! Guard against every kind of greed.Psalm 119:6868 You are good and do only good;..Psalm 145:99 The Lord is good to all,..Nahum 1:77 The Lord is good,  A stronghold in the day of trouble;  And He knows those who trust in Him.2 Corinthians 9:88 And God is able to make all grace abound toward you, that you, always having all sufficiency in all things, may have an abundance for every good work. Psalm 68:1919 Blessed be the Lord, Who daily loads us with benefits, The God of our salvation! Selah1 Timothy 6:1010 For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, for which some have strayed from the faith in their greediness, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.Matthew 22:3636 “Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?”Matthew 22:3737 Jesus said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.'Luke 16:22 …Give an account of your stewardship,…Matthew 22:3737 Jesus said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.'Jeremiah 17:77 “But blessed are those who trust in the Lord  and have made the Lord their hope and confidence.Proverbs 3:9-10     9 Honor the Lord with your possessions,  And with the first fruits of all your increase; 10 So your barns will be filled with plenty,  And your vats will overflow with new wine 

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

The LORD sees those whose covetous thoughts hatch into plots of theft, and He devises their destruction, from which they will not be able to escape. Many of Micah's hearers refuse to believe that the LORD who is among them could do such a thing to Israel, but Micah's proclamation of woe against Israel is true. The false preachers, as beloved as they may be, only hide the true disaster that will come. Yet the LORD promises mercy, for He will gather His remnant and reign over them as their true King. This text calls us to examine our hearts for greed, so that we would repent, trust in the LORD, and seek to be generous with our neighbor.  Rev. Levi Willms, pastor at Trinity Lutheran Church in Sauk Rapids, MN, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 2:1-13.  To learn more about Trinity Lutheran, visit trinitysr.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Our theology, or in other words, what we believe about God, should show itself in how we live. Jonah knew that God was compassionate, yet failed to show compassion to his enemies. How could this be? Why was Jonah so angry with God? And what does that reveal about our own hearts? The final chapter of Jonah offers a glimpse into the reality of what lies within our hearts and the grandeur of God's heart.1) An Angry Prophet2) A Compassionate GodText: Jonah 4

Message from Kevin Moses on September 21, 2025

During the same years that the LORD spoke through the prophet Isaiah, the LORD also spoke through the prophet Micah. Micah's preaching begins with a call for all peoples to pay attention to the LORD who is coming for judgment. The LORD calls out both Samaria and Jerusalem for their idolatry, which will receive God's just punishment. As Micah describes the mourning that will take place because of this destruction, he uses wordplays on names of towns both big and small, for the LORD's judgment comes against them all.  Rev. Stephen Preus, pastor at Trinity Lutheran Church in Vinton, IA, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Micah 1:1-16.  To learn more about Trinity Lutheran, visit trinitylcmsvinton.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

The account of Jonah doesn't end with Nineveh's repentance; the prophet tells us his angry reaction. Jonah despises the LORD's forgiveness for “those people,” and so he despises the LORD. Yet the LORD calls Jonah back. The LORD first appoints a plant to give Jonah shade. Soon, however, the LORD appoints a worm to kill the plant and take away Jonah's shade, and then the LORD appoints an east wind to make Jonah miserable. When Jonah becomes angry over the plant, the LORD points out that Jonah has pity over something that he had not planted or grown. In the book's concluding question, the LORD calls Jonah, and all of us, to consider how great the LORD's compassion is for all people and all His creatures, whom He loves in His Son Jesus Christ.  Rev. James Helms, Jr., pastor at Holy Cross Lutheran Church in Greenbelt, MD, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Jonah 4:1-11.  To learn more about Holy Cross, visit myholycross.com. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Like Jonah before him, the prophet Nahum preaches devastation and ruin for Ninevah, only this time Ninevah doesn't repent. Ninevah was the capital of Assyria, a nation of unparalleled power and wealth which had recently decimated the nation of Israel. Though they thought themselves to be secure from danger, their downfall came after nearby rivers flooded the city and destroyed part of the city wall, allowing Babylon to enter easily and set it ablaze. Later, we're introduced to King Josiah, who is one of Judah's most notable kings, as he rediscovers the book of the law and mourns that God's wrath is surely coming upon them. Nahum 1 - 1:06 . Nahum 2 - 4:29 . Nahum 3 - 8:09 . 2 Kings 22 - 12:30 . Proverbs 4 - 17:05 .  :::Christian Standard Bible translation.All music written and produced by John Burgess Ross.Co-produced by the Christian Standard Bible.facebook.com/commuterbibleinstagram.com/commuter_bibletwitter.com/CommuterPodpatreon.com/commuterbibleadmin@commuterbible.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Newly vomited onto dry ground, Jonah obeys the LORD's gracious second call to go and proclaim His Word to Nineveh. The LORD cares about this great city, and so He sends Jonah to call it to repentance. Even through Jonah's harsh sermon, the LORD's Word does what He intends, and the entire city of Nineveh is brought to repentance. From the greatest to the least, the Ninevites turn to the LORD for mercy, and He shows them precisely that mercy as He spares them from the disaster He had proclaimed through Jonah.  Rev. Peter Ill, pastor at Trinity Lutheran Church in Millstadt, IL, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Jonah 3:1-10.  To learn more about Trinity Lutheran, visit trinitymillstadt.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

The LORD showed grace to Jonah by appointing a fish to swallow the rebellious prophet and spare his life. From the belly of the fish, Jonah prayed to the LORD based on prayers that he had learned from the Psalms. Jonah recognized that the LORD had cast him into the depths, but Jonah also knew that the LORD alone could deliver him from those depths. Jonah cried out to the LORD to the temple as the place the LORD had promised to be present for His people's salvation. The LORD gave His salvation to Jonah by causing the fish to vomit the prophet back onto dry ground. Jonah's three days and nights in the belly of the fish are a type of the death and resurrection of Jesus.  Rev. Dr. Martin Dressler, pastor at Salem Lutheran Church and School in Black Jack, MO, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Jonah 2:1-10.  To learn more about Salem Lutheran, visit salembjmo.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Jonah was from the northern kingdom, Israel, during the days of Jeroboam II. When the LORD called Jonah to be His prophet to proclaim repentance to the city of Nineveh, Jonah refused and tried to flee by boat from the LORD. When the sailors recognized divine activity against them, Jonah unwittingly preached the truth to them, even if he was not living according to that truth at the moment. Despite Jonah's attempt to avoid the LORD's Word, the LORD still accomplishes His will of revealing Himself to these pagan sailors through the storm and its stilling.   Rev. Sam Beltz, pastor at St. John Lutheran Church in Oskaloosa, IA, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Jonah 1:1-17.  To learn more about St. John Lutheran, visit stjohnosky.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Hunter Witcraft explores the idea of theological method. What is it? How do we develop one? And, how can we do the work to put a good theological method into practice?--Scriptures Explored: Exodus 34:6-7; Nahum 1:2-3; Jonah 4:2; Joel 2:13; John 1:29; Mark 1:7; 1 Corinthians 15:3-4--Hunter Witcraft is married to Willa; we have two boys: Graham (3) and Benjamin (1). I have a M.Div. from Corban University, a MA in Christian Ministry from GCU, and a Post-Graduate Certificate in Biblical Languages from GCU. The Bible is God's Word to us, and for that reason, it is important for us to understand it (yes, we even have to work on the hard parts and the tricky parts). The Bible itself is a gift of grace from God to us – He was under no obligation to give it to us, and yet in it He has given us everything needed for life and godliness (2 Pet. 1:3). The Holy Spirit is active when we preach the Scripture and when we hear the Scripture, glorifying God and drawing us to Him; for that reason, I do what I can to accurately deliver the Word of God.--Connect with Us:contact@parableministries.comParable MinistriesInstagram--If you feel led to give to Parable Ministries, please visit: DonateMusic created by Chad HoffmanArtwork created by Anthony Kuenzi

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

"Why does Nahum focus so heavily on Nineveh's downfall when Jonah showed its repentance? In Nahum 1:2–3, God is described as both avenging and slow to anger. How should we interpret this tension in God's character? In today's episode, Emma Dotter gives more historical background for the book of Nahum and unpacks how God's mercy is wise, but this justice is also sure. Emma helps us think about how God's character can display both patience and judgment against sin. Additional references: Jonah 3:5-10 Exodus 34:6-7 To apply to serve as an Editor or Resource Writer with Join The Journey, go to: https://www.watermark.org/search/serve?query=Join%20the%20journey You can also check out the Join The Journey Jr. Podcast: Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/join-the-journey-junior/id1660089898 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6SG7aaE1ZjjFkgB34G8zp3?si=c960a63736904665 Check out the Join The Journey Website for today's devotional and more resources! https://www.jointhejourney.com/ Amazon Storefront: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Watermark-Community-Church/author/B0BRYP5MQK?"

“God is jealous.” — Nahum 1:2 Your Lord is very jealous of your love, O believer. Did He choose you? He cannot bear that you should choose another. Did He buy you with His own blood? He cannot endure that you should think that you are your own, or that you belong to this world. […]

Peter's application of Joel 2 to the Day of Pentecost helps us to understand Joel 3 as fulfilled in the life of the Church right now, looking forward to the Last Day. The LORD gathers all nations to be judged by His Word as it is proclaimed by His Church now as a two-edged sword. In this way, the LORD makes ready the final harvest. For those who do not trust in Jesus for salvation, there is only the LORD's vengeance against them, but for those who find their refuge in Jesus, He causes His blessings to overflow.  Rev. David Appold, pastor at St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Paducah, KY, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Joel 3:1-21.  To learn more about St. Paul's Lutheran, visit stpaulpaducah.org. “Majoring in the Minors” is a mini-series on Sharper Iron that goes through the books of Hosea, Joel, Jonah, Micah, and Nahum. Although the books of these prophets are shorter, the Word of God they preached was important in the years leading up to the coming of the Christ, and that Word remains important for the Church today. Just as we still need to listen to their call to repentance over our idolatry, so we still need to heed their call to trust in the Savior, Jesus.  Sharper Iron, hosted by Rev. Timothy Appel, looks at the text of Holy Scripture both in its broad context and its narrow detail, all for the sake of proclaiming Christ crucified and risen for sinners. Two pastors engage with God's Word to sharpen not only their own faith and knowledge, but the faith and knowledge of all who listen. Submit comments or questions to: listener@kfuo.org

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

As you may have heard, ⁠GM Hikaru Nakamura made a surprise appearance ⁠at the Louisiana State Championship, as part of fulfilling FIDE's World Championship qualification criteria. In return, the players he encountered gained memories and stories they'll never forget. In this multi-guest special episode, I speak with several of Hikaru's opponents, as well as the tournament's organizer, to hear their firsthand accounts: Senior Tournament Director Richard Campbell (13:00) – on why he and his team initially thought Hikaru's registration was a prank, and how they realized it was real. 20-year-old college student Harry James (32:00) – on how being paired with Hikaru in Round 1 unexpectedly cured his hangover. Tulane graduate student Nahum Villamil Garces (47:30) – on the lifetime memories he made after facing Hikaru in Round 3. Five-time Louisiana State Champion FM Nick Matta (1:06:00) – on how he forced himself to play Hikaru with no fear, and how the opportunity to play him re-energized his passion for chess.  Baton Rouge-based NM Charles Campbell (1:34:00) – on the mixed feelings he had before his last-round showdown with Hikaru, as he vied for the state champion title. It was so much fun hearing the stories of our guests, and I was touched by the galvanizing effect Hikaru's visit had on the Louisiana chess community Thanks to our sponsor, Chessable.com! If you sign up for Chessable Pro in order to unlock discounts and additional features, be sure to use the following link: https://www.chessable.com/pro/?utm_source=affiliate&utm_medium=benjohnson&utm_campaign=pro And you can check out their new offerings here: https://www.chessable.com/courses/all/new/ 0:00-Introduction 8:00-  If you know a scholastic player looking for high-level interactive online instruction, check out the Silver Knights Chess Academy:  chessacademy.com/online Use code “pod” to save 50% on the first month  13:00- The first guest is Richard Campbell, the tournament organizer. How did he find out Hikaru was registered, did he think it was real? What did they do about security and cheat detection? Mentioned: NM Jude Acers  32:00- Harry James joins me, he is a 20 year old Tulane University student who was Hikaru's first round opponent. It is not often a 1563 USCF player gets to play a super GM!  Mentioned: Watch Hikaru's recaps of his games vs. Harry and Nahum here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJCsHU4NVh8 47:30- Nahum Villamil Garces, Hikaru's 3rd round opponent, joins me. Nahum is graduate student at Tulane University who was playing his first tournament in the U.S. Mentioned: Gelfand-Nakamura 2010 https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1567841 1:06:00- 5-time Louisiana State Champion FM Nick Matta joined me to reflect on an instructive loss, and to compare the experience of playing Hikaru to his clashes against IM Levy Rozman and GM Hans Niemann.  Mentioned: You can see Hikaru's recaps of his games against FM Nick Matta and NM Charles Campbell here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLWuOczem3I&list=PL4KCWZ5Ti2H48YIUpaiTp6jTlwflBLFjI&index=4 You can see Nick's game with Hikaru in this chess.com article  https://www.chess.com/news/view/nakamura-wins-louisiana-state-championship-candidates Also Mentioned:Thinking Inside the Box by GM Jacob Aagaard  You can reach FM Nick Matta via his Lichess coaches page: https://lichess.org/@/Candychessmaster 1:34:00- NM Charles Campbell joins the podcast to discuss lessons from his 7th round showdown with Hikaru, and the chess scenes in Nigeria (his native country) and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (where he lives).  You can also see his game in the chess.com recap, or on Hikaru's YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLWuOczem3I&list=PL4KCWZ5Ti2H48YIUpaiTp6jTlwflBLFjI&index=4 You can reach Charles Campbell via Chess.com or Lichess https://www.chess.com/member/charlescandycampbell https://lichess.org/@/Candychessmaster Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010

Jonah, the reluctant prophet, was called to prophesy against the pagan capital of the world, Nineveh. He attempted to shun the assignment until God explained it to him a little more clearly! His message to Nineveh:40 days and you get yours! The greatest miracle in the book of Jonah was Nineveh's repentance, within the allotted 40 days, on speculation! They reasoned that maybe, if they repented, God might change His mind. They did. And He did. A century later, Nahum was sent to ask them to repent and Nineveh failed. Judgment resulted. Obadiah prophesied against Israel's enemies. His book provides insights into the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ and why some countries will apparently escape the rule of the Antichrist. These are three small books of the Bible that contribute a critical perspective for all of us. This study contains 8 hours of verse by verse teachings. Copyright © 10-01-2010