Historic Voices Podcast: Global History and Culture

(Bonus) Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. (born April 1, 1950) is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush on October 31, 2005, and has served since January 31, 2006.  He is the second Italian-American justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court, after Antonin Scalia, and the eleventh Roman Catholic. Raised in Hamilton Township, New Jersey, and educated at Princeton University and Yale Law School, Alito served as the U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey and a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) before joining the Supreme Court. He is the 110th justice. In 2013, Alito was considered "one of the most conservative justices on the Court". He has described himself as a "practical originalist". Alito's majority opinions in landmark cases include McDonald v. Chicago, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, Murphy v. NCAA, Janus v. AFSCME, and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.

(Bonus) Abortion in the United States and its territories is a divisive issue in American politics and culture wars, with widely different abortion laws in U.S. states. Since 1976, the Republican Party has generally sought to restrict abortion access based on the stage of pregnancy or criminalize abortion, whereas the Democratic Party has generally defended access to abortion and has made contraception easier to obtain. The abortion-rights movement advocates for patient choice and bodily autonomy, while the anti-abortion movement maintains the fetus has a right to live. Historically framed as a debate between the pro-choice and pro-life labels, most Americans agree with some positions of each side. Support for abortion gradually increased in the U.S. beginning in the early 1970s, and stabilized during the 2010s.

(Bonus) Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States conferred the right to have an abortion. The decision struck down many federal and state abortion laws, and caused an ongoing abortion debate in the United States about whether, or to what extent, abortion should be legal, who should decide the legality of abortion, and what the role of moral and religious views in the political sphere should be. The decision also shaped debate concerning which methods the Supreme Court should use in constitutional adjudication.

(Bonus) This document contains the opinions by the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the Hobbs v Jackson case challenging abortion law. The majority opinion written by Justice Alito on behalf of the court majority begins on page one. The dissenting opinions by the minority begin on page 148.

(Bonus) Transcript of the 2021 Supreme Court case that overturned Roe v Wade abortion ruling from decades ago.

S04-E01 We feature the oral arguments made before the U.S. Supreme Court regarding overturning the previous Roe v. Wade abortion rights ruling from decades ago. You hear the lawyers for the two sides and questions made by some of the Supreme Court Justices. Due to the complexity of the issues, these arguments lasted nearly two hours. A quick summary of the case: In 2018, Mississippi passed a law called the “Gestational Age Act,” which prohibits all abortions, with few exceptions, after 15 weeks' gestational age. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the only licensed abortion facility in Mississippi, and one of its doctors filed a lawsuit in federal district court challenging the new law and requesting an emergency temporary restraining order. This case was eventually appealed up to the U.S. Supreme Court. The legal question was this, Is Mississippi's law banning nearly all abortions after 15 weeks' gestational age unconstitutional? By a decision of six to three, the majority opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court was that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion; Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, are overruled. Justice Samuel Alito authored the majority opinion of the Court. He concludes his opinion of the court by stating that “We end this opinion where we began. Abortion presents a profound moral question. The Constitution does not prohibit the citizens of each State from regulating or prohibiting abortion. Roe and Casey arrogated that authority. We now overrule those decisions and return that authority to the people and their elected representatives.” In other words, the Supreme Court ruling did not outlaw abortion, it stated that abortion is regulated by each of the fifty states through their state governments and their elected officials. Justices Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan dissented from this decision. Due to the complex nature of the topic of the Supreme Court case, I provide several PDF documents in addition to this audio episode: First, a transcript of the oral arguments by the attorneys for each side along with the questions made by several of the justices. This is 115 pages. Second, a document called the Syllabus which contains the majority opinion by Justice Alito, a concurring opinion by Justice Roberts, and the dissenting opinions of Justices Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan. Alito's opinion begins on page 1 of this 213-page document. The dissenting opinions begin on page 148. Third, an overview of Roe v. Wade which was one of the previous abortion cases that were overturned by this current verdict. Fourth, an overview of abortion in the U.S. that also provides information for each state. Fifth, a biography of Supreme Court Justice Alito who wrote the majority opinion for the court on this case. The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also checkout my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) This article explores the history and the significance of the birth of Jesus.

(Bonus) The Church of the Nativity is a church that has been erected over the site of what is believed to be the birthplace of Jesus.

(Bonus) The historic and religious significance of Bethlehem where Jesus was born.

S03-E23 We feature Reverend Dr. Billy Graham and his short Christmas Message. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, the story of the nativity or birth of Jesus, second, background on the assumed location of Jesus birth which is now called the Church of the Nativity, and finally, historical and religious background on Bethlehem which is where Jesus was born. For background information on Dr. Graham, look back to a previous Historic Voices podcast episode earlier in 2021 around the Easter holiday. This audio recording comes from the Internet Archive online database. It is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, audio recordings, software, music, and more. Its purpose is offering permanent access to historical digital collections. Checkout the website at http://archive.org The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man.

(Bonus) Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognized him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today.

(Bonus) Lionel Barrymore (born Lionel Herbert Blythe; April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen, and radio as well as a film director.  He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931), and remains best known to modern audiences for the role of villainous Mr. Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.

(Bonus) George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American director, actor, screenwriter, and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in radio, theatre, and film. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time.

S03-E22 We feature the voices of Orson Wells, Lionel Barrymore, and the rest of the and for the dramatization of Charles Dicken's classic, A Christmas Carol. We hear several distinguished actors of radio, film, and television: Orson Wells who is acclaimed to be one of the greatest and most influential actors, writers, and directors in radio, film, and television. He will serve as the narrator. Lionel Barrymore will serve the role of Scourge. To many of you, he played the role of Mr. Potter in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life. Mr. Barrymore is also a heralded actor of radio, film, and television. I include a biography of Charles Dickens who is the author of A Christmas Carol and so many other influential stories. If you want to dig deeper into the social commentary of Mr. Dickens about the disparity of life in England at the time when the story was first published, read the article that is provided. A Christmas Carol has been a popular story for a variety of Hollywood films. Too many of the recent ones overlook the gritty critique of inequality for the masses who toiled during the industrial revolution. I could say more, but that is best explored in other podcast episodes I have produced. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a biography of Orson Wells, second, a biography of Lionel Barrymore, third, a biography of Charles Dickens, and finally, an overview of “A Christmas Carol”, one of the best known of Mr. Dicken's publications. This audio recordings comes from the Internet Archive online database. It is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, audio recordings, software, music, and more. Its purpose is to offer permanent access to historical digital collections. Checkout the website at http://archive.org The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) The Golden Age of Radio, also known as the old-time radio (OTR) era, was an era of radio in the United States where it was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium. It began with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting in the early 1920s and lasted through the 1950s, when TV gradually superseded radio as the medium of choice for scripted programming, variety and dramatic shows. Radio was the first broadcast medium, and during this period people regularly tuned in to their favorite radio programs, and families gathered to listen to the home radio in the evening. According to a 1947 C. E. Hooper survey, 82 out of 100 Americans were found to be radio listeners. A variety of new entertainment formats and genres were created for the new medium, many of which later migrated to television: radio plays, mystery serials, soap operas, quiz shows, talent shows, daytime and evening variety hours, situation comedies, play-by-play sports, children's shows, cooking shows, and more.

(Bonus) The Jack Benny Program, starring Jack Benny, is a radio-TV comedy series that ran for more than three decades and is generally regarded as a high-water mark in 20th century American comedy. He played one role throughout his radio and television careers, a caricature of himself as a minimally talented musician and penny pincher who was the butt of all the jokes. The format of The Jack Benny Program used a loose show-within-a-show format, wherein the main characters were playing versions of themselves. The show often broke the fourth wall, with the characters interacting with the audience and commenting on the program and its advertisements. The show usually opened with a song by the orchestra or banter between Benny and Don Wilson. Then banter between Benny and the regulars about the news of the day or about one of the running jokes on the program, such as Benny's age, Day's stupidity, or Mary's letters from her mother. Then, a song by the tenor was followed by situation comedy involving an event of the week, a miniplay, or a satire of a current movie. Some shows were entire domestic sitcoms revolving around some aspect of life.

(Bonus) Benjamin Kubelsky (February 14, 1894 – December 26, 1974), known professionally as Jack Benny, was an American entertainer, who evolved from a modest success playing violin on the vaudeville circuit to one of the leading entertainers of the twentieth century with a highly popular comedic career in radio, television, and film. He was known for his comic timing and the ability to cause laughter with a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated "Well!" His radio and television programs, popular from 1932 until his death in 1974, were a major influence on the sitcom genre. Benny often portrayed his character as a miser who obliviously played his violin badly and ridiculously claimed to be 39 years of age, regardless of his actual age.

S03-E21 We feature Jack Benny with one of his Christmas radio shows. Mr. Benny was an American entertainer who began in vaudeville and became a highly popular comedian in radio, television, and film. He was known for his comic timing and the ability to cause laughter with a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated “Well!” He was influential for comedians down to the present era. I was a big fan of his radio and television shows. Other entertainers of his era include Red Skelton, Bob Hope, and Bing Crosby. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a biography of Mr. Benny and second, an overview of the Jack Benny radio and television shows. This audio recording comes from the Internet Archive online database. It is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, audio recordings, software, music, and more. Its purpose is to offer permanent access to historical digital collections. Check out the website at http://archive.org The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the House and Senate required that all men in the age range 20 to 44 years inclusive, register for the draft and Crosby, who was then aged 38, duly did so.

(Bonus) The Bing Crosby Show for Chesterfield was a 30-minute musical-variety old-time radio program starring entertainer Bing Crosby. The series ran on CBS Radio from 1949–1952. The series was sponsored by Chesterfield cigarettes and was usually recorded in Hollywood or San Francisco. Notable guest stars and appearances on the series included Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Al Jolson, Bob Hope, Mary Martin, The Andrews Sisters, The Bell Sisters, and The John Scott Trotter Orchestra. 

(Bonus) This is a filmography for the American singer and actor Bing Crosby.

(Bonus) Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby Jr. (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor. The first multimedia star, he was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century worldwide. He was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses from 1930 to 1954. He made over 70 feature films and recorded more than 1,600 songs. His early career coincided with recording innovations that allowed him to develop an intimate singing style that influenced many male singers who followed, such as Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Dick Haymes, Elvis Presley,[ and John Lennon.

S03-E20 We feature Bing Crosby and one of the episodes from his long-running radio program that had a Christmas theme. Bing Crosby was a remarkable entertainer that performed on the stage, radio, film, and television during the middle of the 20th century. His singing ranged from traditional pop, to easy listening, to vocal jazz, and country. He had diverse interests including co-ownership of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team during which the team won two World Series in 1960 and 1971. He was a technology pioneer with investing in audio recording equipment following World War Two and using the same with his radio shows. He also had a television production studio as well. Among shows produced through his studio was the popular Hogan's Heroes. For me, I most think about Mr. Crosby and his movies that are often broadcast at this holiday time including Holiday Inn and White Christmas. It is hard to forget his rendition of “It's a White Christmas.” In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a biography of Mr. Crosby, second, a filmography, third, an overview of his radio show, and finally, a description of his radio work supporting the U.S. troops during World War Two. The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also checkout my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) The Raleigh Cigarette Program (alternatively known as The Raleigh Cigarette Program Starring Red Skelton) was an American old-time radio comedy program that starred comedian Red Skelton. Skelton was, at the time, an up-and-coming comedian who made it big with an appearance on The Rudy Vallée Show in 1937.

(Bonus) The Red Skelton Show is an American television comedy/variety show that, from 1951 to 1971, was an entertainment staple and an institution to a generation of viewers. In the decade prior to hosting the show, Richard "Red" Skelton had a successful career as a radio and motion pictures star. During its run, the program received three Emmy Awards, for Skelton as best comedian and the program as best comedy show during its initial season, and an award for comedy writing in 1961. In 1959 Skelton also received a Golden Globe for Best TV Show.

(Bonus) Richard Red Skelton (July 18, 1913 – September 17, 1997) was an American entertainer best known for his national radio and television shows between 1937 and 1971, especially as host of the television program The Red Skelton Show. He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio and television, and also appeared in burlesque, vaudeville, films, nightclubs, and casinos, all while he pursued an entirely separate career as an artist.

S03-E19 We feature Red Skelton and a 1946 Christmas episode from his long-running radio program. Red Skelton was a dominating performer on radio, film, and television during the second half of the 20th century. While most of his work was comedy, he also had several dramatic performances. One of his most memorable dramatic pieces was his reading of the Pledge of Allegiance. He would read the document phrase by phrase, and then provide a short interpretation for what the words meant. I will feature that short piece on a future Historic Voices podcast episode. I grew up listening and watching Mr. Skelton perform. He is the only performer that would finish each season of his radio or TV program with a short apology to any famous people or politicians who he and his cast would tease during their shows. He was a gentleman and a kind person. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a biography of Mr. Skelton, second, an overview of his TV show that ran for two decades, and finally an overview of his radio show that ran for more than a decade previously. It was common for radio shows to be named for the advertising sponsor; hence the name of the radio show was the Raleigh Cigarette Program. The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall", also known as the Berlin Wall Speech, was a speech delivered by United States President Ronald Reagan in West Berlin on June 12, 1987. Reagan called for the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to open the Berlin Wall, which had separated West and East Berlin since 1961. The name is derived from a key line in the middle of the speech: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" Though Reagan's speech received relatively little media coverage at the time, it became widely known after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the post-Cold War era, it was often seen as one of the most memorable performances of an American president in Berlin after John F. Kennedy's "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech of 1963.

(Bonus) The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor [ˈbʁandn̩ ˌbʊʁɡɐ ˈtoːɐ̯ ] ( listen)) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg. It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag). The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees that led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs. Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany but also of European unity and peace.

(Bonus) Transcript of President Reagan's speech given at the Brandenburg Gates in Berlin is often referred to as the "Tear Down This Wall" speech.

(Bonus) Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Reagan was born into a low-income family in Tampico, Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and began to work as a radio sports commentator in Iowa. In 1937, Reagan moved to California, where he found work as an actor. He starred in several major productions. From 1947 to 1952, Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, during which time he worked to root out alleged communist influence within it. In the 1950s, he moved to a career in television and became a spokesman for General Electric. From 1959 to 1960, he again served as president of the Screen Actors Guild. In 1964, his speech "A Time for Choosing"—a campaign speech on behalf of Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater—earned him national attention as a new conservative figure. Building a network of supporters, Reagan was elected as governor of California in 1966. During his governorship, he raised taxes, turned the state budget deficit into a surplus, challenged the protesters at UC Berkeley, and ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements.

S03-E18 President Ronald Reagan spoke at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin that is often referred to as the “Tear Down this Wall” speech. Like many other U.S. presidents, President Reagan gave a speech in Berlin during the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviets. To demonstrate solidarity with the German people who were in Soviet-occupied East Germany, President Kennedy stated two decades earlier “I am a Berliner” and identified with their struggle for freedom. President Reagan's speech touched on many topics, but the most famous line came in the middle of the speech when he not only identified with the struggle that President Kennedy had described, but Reagan called upon the Soviets to tear down the Berlin wall. The Brandenburg Gate was just one spot along a long line of separation that divided Germany in half with Communist troops, barbed wire, and fences. This is generally listed as one of President Reagan finest speeches. Two years after this speech was given, the Berlin Wall indeed was removed and the Brandenburg Gate was opened. But the story for why that occurred is a tremendously complicated event and one that may be explored in another speech in the future. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a transcript of this speech, secondly a biography of President Reagan, thirdly, a history of the Brandenburg Gates, and finally, a short analysis of Reagan's speech. These audio recordings come from the American Rhetoric online database. This website provides more than 5,000 speech transcripts, audio recordings, and videos of public speeches, sermons, lectures, interviews, and more. Check out the website at http://americanrhetoric.com The following links allow you to subscribe to the podcast: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also checkout my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

(Bonus) The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.

(Bonus) John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination near the end of his third year in office. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to his presidency. 

(Bonus) A theme of the talk by President Kennedy is summed up in one of the quotations from the speech, “all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.” He explains why it is worth the cost to go to the moon.

S03-E17 We feature President John F Kennedy and his speech on America's Space Program delivered at Rice University on September 12, 1962. At this stage of the space race with the Soviets, the U.S. has successfully placed several astronauts into space. A theme of the talk by President Kennedy is summed up in one of the quotations from the speech, “all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.” He explains why it is worth the cost to go to the moon. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a transcript of this speech, second, a short biography of JFK's life, and finally, an overview of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida which was renamed in honor of the president for his vision of the space program. This audio recording comes from the American Rhetoric online database. This website provides more than 5,000 speech transcripts, audio recordings, and videos of public speeches, sermons, lectures, interviews, and more. Check out the website at http://americanrhetoric.com The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org

Bonus: The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War adversaries, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA), to achieve superior spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations following World War II. The technological advantage demonstrated by spaceflight achievement was seen as necessary for national security, and became part of the symbolism and ideology of the time. The Space Race brought pioneering launches of artificial satellites, robotic space probes to the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and ultimately to the Moon.

Bonus: The Mercury Seven were seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959. These seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. The Mercury Seven created a new profession in the United States and established the image of the American astronaut for decades to come.

Bonus: Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth. The first successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in 1920s Germany by Fritz von Opel and Max Valier, and eventually in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first man and the first woman into orbit. The United States caught up with, and then passed, their Soviet rivals during the mid-1960s, landing the first man on the Moon in 1969. In the same period, France, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China were concurrently developing more limited launch capabilities.

Bonus: John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921 – December 8, 2016) was a United States Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman, and politician. He was the third American in space, and the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times in 1962. Following his retirement from NASA, he served from 1974 to 1999 as a Democratic United States Senator from Ohio; in 1998, he flew into space again at age 77. Before joining NASA, Glenn was a distinguished fighter pilot in World War II, China and Korea. He shot down three MiG-15s and was awarded six Distinguished Flying Crosses and eighteen Air Medals. In 1957, he made the first supersonic transcontinental flight across the United States. His onboard camera took the first continuous, panoramic photograph of the United States.

S03-E16 John Glenn describes his historic space flight in 1962 at a press conference immediately after his return.bMr. Glenn answers questions from the national press about orbiting the earth three times. Some of the topics of the nearly 50-minute press conference included experiments he conducted, malfunctions of the equipment, his impression of seeing the earth and stars from the spacecraft, and other topics. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents to provide a broader context for Mr. Glenn's and NASA's achievement: first, a bibliography of John Glenn would go on to eventually serve as a distinguished U.S. Senator, second, a history of space flight, third, an overview of the Mercury 7 astronauts of which Mr. Glenn was a member, and finally an overview of the space race between the Soviets and the U.S. The following links allow you to subscribe to this podcast: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. It is automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also ch

(Bonus) At various times in the more than one hundred years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administration, there have been efforts to give "America the Beautiful" legal status either as a national hymn or as a national anthem equal to, or in place of, "The Star-Spangled Banner", but so far this has not succeeded. Proponents prefer "America the Beautiful" for various reasons, saying it is easier to sing, more melodic, and more adaptable to new orchestrations while still remaining as easily recognizable as "The Star-Spangled Banner". Some prefer "America the Beautiful" over "The Star-Spangled Banner" due to the latter's war-oriented imagery; others prefer "The Star-Spangled Banner" for the same reason. While that national dichotomy has stymied any effort at changing the tradition of the national anthem, "America the Beautiful" continues to be held in high esteem by a large number of Americans, and was even being considered before 1931 as a candidate to become the national anthem of the United States.

(Bonus) Paul Harvey Aurandt 1918 – 2009) was an American radio broadcaster for ABC News Radio. He broadcast News and Comment on mornings and mid-days on weekdays and at noon on Saturdays and also his famous The Rest of the Story segments. From 1951 to 2008, his programs reached as many as 24 million people per week. Paul Harvey News was carried on 1,200 radio stations, on 400 American Forces Network stations, and in 300 newspapers.

S03-E15 Paul Harvey shares some thoughts about the song, "America The Beautiful." During this month of Thanksgiving in the U.S., it seemed like an appropriate reminder of what we as a nation are thankful for. In addition to this episode, also included are a PDF document of a biography of Paul Harvey and a longer article about the song and its historical significance. The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also check out my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org 

S03-E14 U.S. troops who are deployed share their thoughts about Thanksgiving. These young men and women are everyday heroes who are ready to defend freedom for the citizens of the U.S. 

S03-13 We feature Sir Winston Churchill and his short speech “Thanksgiving Wishes for 1944” and an end to WWII.

(Bonus PDF) Overview of the National Women's Political Caucus.

(Bonus) Biography of Shirley Chisholm.

(Bonus PDF) Biography of Bella Abzug.

S03-E12 We feature U.S. Rep. Bella Abzug giving a speech on February 11, 1971. U.S. Rep. Shirley Chisholm introduces U.S. Rep. Abzug at a conference in Washington D.C. Abzug begins by speaking of the role of women in government, and the underrepresentation of women and minorities in the current Congress. She goes on to speak of the lies and deception on behalf of the United States government concerning the war in Vietnam, and of ending the conflict. There is a question and answer segment following her speech, addressing more issues surrounding the war, including Abzug's desire to set a specific date for withdrawing U.S. troops, and the problem of drug use among American soldiers in Southeast Asia. In addition to this audio episode, I also provide several PDF documents: first, a pair of biographies of Rep. Bella Abzug and Rep. Shirley Chisholm. Finally, a short overview of the National Women's Political Caucus which was cofounded by both of them and several others. Let us now tune our radio dial to 1971 and listen to Bella Abzug speak about more involvement of women in government. The following links allow you to subscribe: iTunes and Apple Podcast, Amazon Music/Audible, Castbox.fm, Deezer, Facebook, Gaana, Google Podcast, iHeartRadio, Player.fm, Radio Public, Samsung Listen, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, Twitter. and Vurbl. Automatically available through these podcast apps: Castamatic, iCatcher, Overcast, Pocket Casts, RSSRadio, and more. Please post comments to the individual episodes at http://historicvoices.org, podcast review and rating section within iTunes and other apps, or email to me, arendale@umn.edu You can also checkout my other four podcasts and other social media at www.davidmedia.org