Podcasts about space program

The members of the Jim Colbert Show talk to Mike Leinbach, the former Shuttle Launch Director at the Kennedy Space Center, about his time at NASA, what he thinks about the current Space Program, and more.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Brad Kammer, LMFT, LPCC, is a licensed psychotherapist, educator, and the Founder and Director of the Complex Trauma Training Center. He's the co-author of The Practical Guide for Healing Developmental Trauma and executive producer of the Transforming Trauma podcast.For more than 25 years, Brad has worked at the intersection of psychology, neurobiology, and somatics—training therapists worldwide through the NARM® model and his SPACE Program for inner development. Beginning his career in humanitarian aid work across Asia, he's dedicated his life to understanding and transforming complex trauma and the effects of early adversity.Brad lives in Northern California with his family and finds balance through music, food, travel, and time outdoors.In This EpisodeBrad's websiteThe Workbook for Healing Developmental Trauma: Tools and Techniques from the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARMBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-trauma-therapist--5739761/support.You can learn more about what I do here:The Trauma Therapist Newsletter: celebrates the people and voices in the mental health profession. And it's free! Check it out here: https://bit.ly/4jGBeSa———If you'd like to support The Trauma Therapist Podcast and the work I do you can do that here with a monthly donation of $5, $7, or $10: Donate to The Trauma Therapist Podcast.Click here to join my email list and receive podcast updates and other news.Thank you to our Sponsors:Jane App - use code GUY1MO at https://jane.appArizona Trauma Institute at https://aztrauma.org/

The Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Teasel Muir-Harmony discusses the history of the U.S. space program, from the creation of NASA in 1958 through the Gemini early flights to Neil Armstrong taking his historic first steps on the lunar surface in July 1969. She also talks about the missions that followed and NASA's current efforts to return astronauts to the moon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Teasel Muir-Harmony discusses the history of the U.S. space program, from the creation of NASA in 1958 through the Gemini early flights to Neil Armstrong taking his historic first steps on the lunar surface in July 1969. She also talks about the missions that followed and NASA's current efforts to return astronauts to the moon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  Guest: Bob Zimmerman. Zimmerman analyzes the failing Roscosmos, describing Russia's declining space program and its inability to compete with American and Chinese advancements.1957

In 1957, the beeps from Sputnik, a small Russian satellite, sent the USSR & US into a space race. Teasel Muir-Harmony of the Air & Space Museum chronicles the history of space travel and how the U.S. landed on the Moon and how we're going back in 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Episode Notes Chris Henry of the Apollo 13 Minute returns with Rob as Winters makes his way around Normandy with just Hall and a knife.

The Space Show Presents JATAN MEHTA, Friday, Jan. 2, 2026Quick Summary:Our conversation with our guest from India focused heavily on India's space program, including its current capabilities, future plans, and comparisons with other countries' space programs, particularly regarding lunar exploration and human spaceflight initiatives. The conversation ended with discussions about potential new content initiatives and program updates, including plans for future space coverage and the need for financial support to maintain operations.Detailed Summary:I welcomed Jatan to the meeting and also AJ who would act as co-host for today's one hour program. We began with casual conversation about travel and the history of Mumbai's name change from Bombay, which was explained as part of a nationwide effort to revert to indigenous names. Bill joined the call and mentioned not receiving Jatan's newsletter for a few weeks, which Jatan confirmed was being sent but might be ending up in spam folders. David introduced plans to discuss Jatan's newsletter and work, as well as questions about the Indian space program.Jatan Mehta, a space writer and journalist, discussed his work covering moon missions and India's space activities. He explained the origins and goals of his newsletter Moon Monday, which archives moon mission developments, and his Indian Space newsletter, which provides a holistic view of India's space activities. Jatan also mentioned his poetry on space exploration, which he recently published to celebrate milestones in his career.Jatan explained his focus on the Moon rather than Mars, citing existing extensive coverage of Mars and his goal to provide unique value through his independent writing. He discussed his passive approach to educational outreach, including speaking to students across various age groups in India about space exploration. Jatan also shared his experience writing poetry sporadically and expressed his inability to teach poetry due to lack of formal training. David, on behalf of John Jossy who was not with us today, inquired about India's space program, asking if Jatan believed it would be driven primarily by the private sector or government.Jatan explained that while the private sector in India's space industry is growing, ISRO will remain the dominant player for the foreseeable future, similar to NASA's role in the US space program. He noted that the 2023 National Space Policy emphasizes ISRO's role in cutting-edge R&D for space exploration, while private players focus on production. Regarding India's human spaceflight program, Jatan reported that while the original 2025 target was missed, the program is making progress with the LVM3 launch vehicle now human-rated, and three uncrewed tests are planned before human missions begin, with a target launch date of late 2027.The discussion focused on India's space program, particularly the Gagan Yan (Sky Craft) program for astronauts, where Jatan explained that the initial capsule will carry two Gaganyatris (sky-farers) for the first few missions, with plans to expand to three astronauts later. Jatan clarified that while Gagan Yan refers to spacecraft, the upcoming space station will be called The Bharatiya Antariksh Station(BAS). When asked about India's progress compared to China, Jatan acknowledged that China has surpassed both India and the US in recent moon missions, though India's program remains significant with plans for a space station by 2035.Jatan mentioned that India's space program, noting that while India and China were neck and neck in space capabilities in the 1990s and early 2000s, China has since surpassed both India and the US in certain areas due to a larger budget. He explained that India's space budget of approximately $1.5 billion USD over the past five years is less than a tenth of NASA's budget, limiting its ability to catch up in all areas. However, Jatan emphasized that India is prioritizing certain key areas, such as the Moon, with plans for a sample return mission in 2028. He also highlighted the importance of political support and policy excitement in driving progress in India's space program.India's space program aims to achieve several key milestones over the next 5-10 years, including the Chandrayaan 4 and 5 missions, collaboration with Japan for a lunar rover, and the development of a human spaceflight program with a space station module by the end of the decade. The country is also working on upgrading its LVM3 rocket to a semi-cryogenic engine and developing the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) for heavy-lift capabilities by 2032-2034. Long-term goals include expanding India's regional NAVIC navigation constellation, conducting a Venus orbiter mission in 2028, and sending an Indian astronaut to the moon by 2040.The discussion focused on India's space program and its development of reusable rockets. Jatan explained that while India has received some technology assistance from Russia, it doesn't have the same level of partnership as China's with Russia. He noted that India's current rockets are not designed for reusability, but the upcoming NGLV rocket will have a reusable booster stage. The group discussed India's decision not to pursue a super-heavy lift rocket, instead opting to develop a heavy upper stage that can be launched multiple times and docked in orbit. Jatan emphasized that while reusable rockets would be beneficial, India's focus has been on addressing a backlog of existing missions and developing new launch capabilities.Jatan discussed his top lunar coverage stories from 2025, highlighting three key pieces: covering lunar sample science updates from China's Chang'e 5 and 6 missions, his year-end summary on Moon Monday that reviewed both successes and failures in lunar exploration, and an analysis piece on the current orbital capabilities of various countries, particularly focusing on the US's lack of modern lunar orbiters and the importance of understanding lunar water ice for future human missions.Jatan explained that Indian space mission budgets are allocated on a year-by-year basis, unlike NASA's multi-year planning, and described how infrastructure costs are incorporated into mission budgets differently between the two countries. He outlined his plans for 2026, including covering moon missions weekly, publishing additional space-related booklets, and tracking developments in India's Gaganyaan program and semi-cryogenic engine upgrade for LVM3. Jatan emphasized his commitment to keeping his space coverage and publications free to access through sponsorships and expressed excitement about upcoming missions including Chang'e 7 and Intuitive Machines' third lunar landing mission.This part of the program primarily focused on a discussion about potentially establishing a “Mars Tuesday” to complement “Moon Monday,” though Jatan noted this would be more feasible in the future, possibly during the Moon-to-Mars transition. Jatan shared his background in astrophysics and his shift to space communication, emphasizing his interest in bridging the gap between researchers and the public. David made announcements about upcoming programs, guest suggestions, and the need for donations to support the space show's operations, while also inviting major donors to join the advisory board. The conversation ended with plans for Ajay to share updates about his talks in India on the next Sunday's show.Special thanks to our sponsors: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4482: Zoom: Open Lines to kick of 2026 | Sunday 04 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZoom: Open Lines to start the New Year Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Steve Thomson (in for Henry Lake) talks with Space.com Senior Writer Mike Wall about the Chinese space program moving forward rapidly, the unique missions coming up and more.

PREVIEW — Bob Zimmerman — China's Non-Transparent Space Program Leaves Astronauts Stranded After Capsule Damage. Zimmerman outlines the opaque nature of the Chinese space program, which publicly reports only successes and shields setbacks. Recently, damage to the Shenzhou 20 capsule—possibly caused by space debris—rendered the spacecraft unusable, leaving the crew stranded without a functional lifeboat, an unprecedented occurrence in crewed spaceflight history. China rapidly launched a rescue mission using Shenzhou 22, yet the government's refusal to transparently disclose root causes and technical failure details raises serious questions about program integrity and safety protocols. 1958

FRIENDS AND ENEMIESAre Bitcoin treasury companies going to make it through this cycle? $NAKA misses reporting, and has come under major scrutiny for salaries and expenses. We'll dive in.Plus, Tether and Ledn partner, Canadian stablecoin legislation looms, and the federal government dumped a bunch of money into European space programs (nice).___Join us for some QUALITY Bitcoin and economics talk, with a Canadian focus, every Monday at 7 PM EST. From a couple of Canucks who like to talk about how Bitcoin will impact Canada. As always, none of the info is financial advice. Website: ⁠www.CanadianBitcoiners.com⁠Discord: https://discord.com/invite/YgPJVbGCZX A part of the CBP Media Network: ⁠www.twitter.com/CBPMediaNetworkThis show is sponsored by: easyDNS - https://easydns.com EasyDNS is the best spot for Anycast DNS, domain name registrations, web and email services. They are fast, reliable and privacy focused. With DomainSure and EasyMail, you'll sleep soundly knowing your domain, email and information are private and protected. You can even pay for your services with Bitcoin! Apply coupon code 'CBPMEDIA' for 50% off initial purchase Bull Bitcoin - ⁠⁠https://mission.bullbitcoin.com/cbp⁠⁠ The CBP recommends Bull Bitcoin for all your BTC needs. There's never been a quicker, simpler, way to acquire Bitcoin. Use the link above for 25% off fees FOR LIFE, and start stacking today.256Heat -⁠ https://256heat.com/ ⁠ GET PAID TO HEAT YOUR HOUSE with 256 Heat. Whether you're heating your home, garage, office or rental, use a 256Heat unit and get paid MORE BITCOIN than it costs to run the unit. Book a call with a hashrate heating consultant today.

November 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the start of the Nuremberg trials, the international and formal effort to bring the war criminals of the Nazi party to justice following the end of the Second World War. In remembrance, History Obscura presents the story of one of the most eminent members of the party who was NOT required to testify in one of the United States' or West Germany's courts: Wernher von Braun.#NurembergTrials#NaziHistory#WWII

Send us a textLet's launch! Jeffrey Kluger joins me to talk Gemini: Stepping Stone to the Moon, the Untold Story.Buy GeminiSupport the show

The biggest PR bungle the CCP has done in ages. It's both hilarious and alarming. HAND MACHINE GHOST - LIMITED RUN! - https://thechinashow.threadless.comSupport the show here and see the Monday Exclusive show Xiaban Hou! https://www.patreon.com/advpodcastsFree Xiaban episode - China's legal thugs - https://youtube.com/live/zPWvcRDI434Sign up for the sticker giveaway!https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScdk5BnaNwlkH8yjt-wgUwq6xWBZIgusPRM5ifELKgPdKxLHg/viewform?usp=headerCartoon feat. Jüri Pootsmann - I Remember Uhttps://soundcloud.com/nocopyrightsoundsTrack : Cartoon feat. Jüri Pootsmann - I Remember USome Sources - https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-chinese-national-scholars-university-michigan-laboratory-charged-conspiring-smugglehttps://www.space.com/china-anti-satellite-test-confirmationhttps://www.aviationweek.com/defense-space/space/chinese-asat-test-raises-space-debris-concernshttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-satellite-idUSPEK13422820070123https://www.space.com/china-space-lab-tiangong-1-re-entry-guessing-gamehttps://aerospace.org/article/tiangong-1-reentryhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/17/china-out-of-control-space-station-tiangong-1-crash-to-earthhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/tiangong-1-reentry-faq/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-56995065https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-administrator-statement-on-chinese-long-march-5b-re-entryhttps://www.space.com/chinese-rocket-long-march-5b-uncontrolled-reentryhttps://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-secretive-spaceplane-likely-testing-dual-use-tech-2024-07-25https://www.space.com/china-reusable-space-plane-mission-orbit-objecthttps://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/09/china-reusable-experimental-spacecraft/https://spacenews.com/chinese-spacecraft-grabs-and-tows-dead-satellite/https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4327/1https://aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/space-tug-tracking-report.pdfhttps://www.space.com/china-moon-rover-odd-gel-like-substancehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00057-6https://www.livescience.com/china-moon-rover-strange-glass-rockhttps://www.space.com/china-moon-rover-mystery-hut-cube-rockhttps://www.cnet.com/science/first-look-at-chinas-mystery-hut-on-moon-its-a-rock/https://futurism.com/the-byte/china-mystery-hut-moon-actually-rockhttps://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/04/science/moon-rocket-china-spacex.htmlhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-60592548https://www.lroc.asu.edu/posts/1This video features copyrighted material used for commentary and educational purposes. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Brief Summary: The program focused on a discussion with Roger Launius, a retired NASA historian, about his book covering NASA's history from its origins as NACA to the present day. The conversation explored NASA's relationship with commercial space industry, historical organizational changes, and the challenges of accessing NASA's historical records and archives. The discussion also covered various technical and political aspects of space exploration, including decision-making processes, military roles in space, and the evolution of NASA's approach to partnerships and innovation. Roger shared his thoughts on the future of space exploration, expressing uncertainty about the timeline for lunar missions and human presence on Mars. Space Show team participants included myself, John Jossy, Bill Gowan, Marshall Martin, John Hunt, Dr. Ajay Kothari, and Phil Swan.Detailed Summary: As host I welcomed Dr. Roger Launius back to the Space Show to discuss his new book, “From NACA to NASA to Now.” Launius explained that the book, published in 2025, provides a concise history of NASA from its origins as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1915 to its transformation into NASA in 1958. He highlighted the ongoing role of NASA's legacy research centers in aeronautical research today. Launius also discussed the evolution of the aerospace industry, emphasizing that the distinction between “old space” and “new space” is complex and not clearly defined. He noted that private sector activities in space have a long history, dating back to the 1950s, and that NASA's approach to commercial partnerships has evolved over time, particularly with the creation of separate entities to handle launch services in the 1990s.Bill Gowan and Roger discussed the evolution of NASA's relationship with commercial space, noting that while NASA has always relied on commercial industry for spacecraft design and construction, there has been a shift towards non-cost-plus contracts. Roger highlighted that while NASA innovations have contributed to commercial space advancements, the designs are not entirely independent of NASA's influence. They also explored the partisan nature of NASA's early years, with Roger explaining that the Apollo program faced political challenges from both the left and right, and was subject to budget cuts after its initial success.The discussion focused on the impact of the government shutdown on NASA's historical resources and archives. Roger explained that while NASA facilities are currently closed, their websites and online historical resources remain accessible, though not updated. He detailed the complex federal records system, noting that most NASA records are stored at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and other federal record centers across the country, with access often delayed by years, especially for recent or classified materials. Marshall inquired about accessing Elon Musk's communications with NASA and the President, to which Roger clarified that such recent records would not be available in the National Archives yet and suggested using interviews and publicly released documents for journalistic research on recent events.Roger explained that separating historical facts from salesmanship in space exploration is a challenging task due to the varied motivations behind statements. He emphasized the importance of understanding these motivations and balancing contradictory perspectives. David inquired about the feasibility of modernizing old Apollo lunar lander plans, to which Roger confirmed that NASA possesses extensive technical drawings and records of past hardware in federal records centers and has historically allowed access for analysis. Roger also described the difficult transition from NACA to NASA in 1958, highlighting resistance from the military, particularly over the transfer of the von Braun team and the Army Ballistic Missile Agency's resources, which was a prolonged and contentious process.Our discussion addressed historical NASA consolidations and organizational changes, with Roger explaining that efforts to close or merge NASA facilities have been ongoing since the 1960s, though political opposition from congressional delegations has typically prevented closures. The conversation also covered the history of the National Space Council, which was established in 1958 but became less active after the 1960s, particularly under Nixon, before being revived by the Trump administration. John Hunt raised questions about military roles in space, noting how the Army developed its own ballistic missile programs while the Air Force maintained separate capabilities, highlighting ongoing challenges in service roles and missions.Roger explained that Space Council issues are now handled through the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House. He discussed the difficulty in finding detailed information about NASA's decision-making process for certain projects, such as the Mars Sample Return mission. Roger mentioned that some individuals, like George Lowe and Bob Siemens, kept detailed records of meetings and decisions, which are now available at Rensselaer and MIT respectively. David asked if there would be a “post-NASA era,” to which Roger responded that there is no known impetus for such a transition. The conversation also touched on the public and intellectual resistance to using Nazi engineers, like Wernher von Braun, in the early American space program, and the debate within the federal government about this issue.Roger discussed the history of supersonic flight, clarifying that Chuck Yeager did not demand a million dollars to fly the X1 and that Slick Chalmers flew multiple supersonic flights. He also addressed a controversy about whether the F-86 pilot beat Yeager's speed record, noting that the evidence was unreliable. Roger emphasized the importance of data-driven decision-making in engineering, using examples from the Challenger disaster and flight readiness reviews. Marshall inquired about decision-making processes, and Roger highlighted the need for comprehensive data and proper training in engineering education.The group discussed historical space program decisions, focusing on the Challenger launch and the X-30 National Aerospace Plane program. Roger explained that while data existed showing risks of cold-weather launches, the decision-making process was complex and the data wasn't presented clearly, leading to the catastrophic failure. The discussion also covered the X-30 program, which was announced by Reagan in the 1980s but ended in the early 90s due to technological challenges and cost concerns, though some research continued.Roger discussed the NACA's contributions to aeronautics, highlighting its approach to research and development. He explained how the NACA hired young engineers and provided them with advanced research tools, such as the variable density wind tunnel, which led to significant advancements in airframe and wing design. Roger also mentioned the NACA's involvement in rocket research during World War II, which eventually led to the establishment of NASA and the transition of key personnel to the new space agency.Roger discussed his friendship with Dr. John Anderson and shared details about a 2009 incident involving Mike Griffin and Laurie Garver at a launch party for John Logsdon's book. He explained that Mike Griffin expressed concerns about Laurie Garver's involvement in the Constellation program, emphasizing her need to step back from technical details. Roger also highlighted Laurie Garver's significant role in transitioning NASA to the commercial crew program, advocating for private sector involvement in space exploration. The conversation touched on the challenges NASA faced in the 1990s, including the cancellation of the X-33 program and the search for alternatives to the Space Shuttle.Concluding Summary: The meeting featured an interview with Roger, a retired NASA historian, who discussed his book on the history of NASA and its predecessor organizations. Roger shared his plans for future conferences and mentioned his current residence in Auburn, Alabama. The discussion also covered the availability of Roger's book for free download from NASA. The conversation ended with thanks to the show's sponsors and participants, and a reminder about an upcoming open lines session.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, 11-11-25; 7 PM PDT, 10 PM EDT:Bob Zimmerman returns with space news and updates plus a look at space 2025. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

4. Post-Apollo Budget Cuts and the Rise of Robotic Mars Exploration. Matthew Shindell discusses how following the success of Apollo, NASA proposed extending the human space program to Mars. However, President Nixon, recognizing shifting political priorities, chose to divert funding toward domestic issues like civil rights and poverty. As a result, NASA's post-Apollo budget levels dropped significantly, forcing space exploration to compete with other national needs. This led to the expansion of highly successful robotic exploration programs. Mariner 4 and 9 provided increasingly detailed images, and the Viking landers in the mid-1970s allowed scientific operations directly on the Martian surface. After a two-decade pause, exploration returned with greater vengeance via rovers like Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, and the recent Perseverance and Ingenuity helicopter. While technological capabilities have grown, a human mission to Mars remains incredibly ambitious due to the persistent challenges of ensuring human safety, providing shelter from radiation, and managing life support for the long duration of the trip. 1956 Retry

6. The Cold War Context and the Tragedy of a Government-Controlled Space Program. Bob Zimmerman discusses how the Apollo 8 mission was embedded in the global Cold War and the extreme chaos of 1968, marked by political turmoil and assassinations. The space race was intended as a demonstration that America, as a free society, could achieve great things better than the Soviet top-down system. While the astronauts were military veterans, the author disputes the notion that NASA was a military operation, emphasizing that it was run by civilian engineers and managers. Ironically, despite the goal of celebrating freedom, President Kennedy adopted a centralized, top-down, government-run structure—a "Soviet style" program. This centralized approach proved to be a tragedy, as the mission became viewed as a singular stunt. Once the moon landing was achieved, the program lost political and financial support, resulting in a "dead end" for future solar system exploration. 2014 GOLDEN MOON

For decades, while the rest of the world's powers have distracted and tangled themselves with wars of choice and blunder, the People's Republic of China has been watching, learning, and building. To what end?Returning to Midrats to discuss this and more will be Dean Cheng.Dean is a Senior Advisor, United States Institute of Peace; Non-resident Senior Fellow, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies; Non-resident Fellow, George Washington University Space Policy Institute.He recently retired after 13 years with the Heritage Foundation, where he was a senior research fellow on Chinese political and security affairs, and wrote on various aspects of Chinese foreign and defense policy.Prior to joining the Heritage Foundation, he was a senior analyst with the China Studies Division (previously, Project Asia) at CNA from 2001-2009.Before joining CNA, he was a senior analyst with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) from 1996-2001. From 1993-1995, he was an analyst with the US Congress' Office of Technology Assessment in the International Security and Space Division, where he studied the Chinese defense industrial complex.He is the author of the book Cyber Dragon: Inside China's Information Warfare and Cyber Operations (NY: Praeger Publishing, 2016), as well as a number of papers and book chapters examining various aspects of Chinese security affairs.Show LinksXi Jinping hails ‘unstoppable' China at landmark military parade, Financial TimesMore than pageantry, China's military parade shows off new missiles, drones and other equipment, The IndependentYJ-15 missile, YJ-19, YJ-17, YJ-20 hypersonic missiles, Global TimesNASA Names Astronauts to Next Moon Mission, First Crew Under ArtemisSummaryIn this conversation, Dean Cheng and the hosts discuss the implications of China's recent military parade, the evolution of its nuclear capabilities, and the modernization of its conventional military forces. They focus on China's ambition to establish a new world order and the strategic importance of its space and cyber capabilities. The discussion also touches on the role of coercion and deterrence in China's military strategy, as well as the challenges posed by its growing influence on the global stage.TakeawaysChina's military parade reflects its growing power and ambition.The presence of foreign leaders at the parade indicates shifting alliances.China is expanding its nuclear capabilities significantly.The PLA is focusing on both conventional and nuclear modernization.China's approach to military strategy includes both coercion and deterrence.The Chinese space program aims for long-term presence on the moon.China's cyber capabilities are evolving rapidly and pose a threat.The PLA's indigenous production capabilities are improving.China's military strategy is influenced by its historical context.The geopolitical landscape is changing with China's rise.Chapters00:00: Introduction to the Discussion on China and Military Parades03:07: Analysis of the Recent Military Parade and Its Implications06:05: The Evolution of China's Nuclear Capabilities12:07: China's Conventional Military Strategy and Modernization16:04: China's Global Influence and New World Order20:06: The Role of Coercion and Deterrence in Chinese Strategy26:12: China's Space Program and Technological Advancements34:59: China's Cyber and Information Warfare Capabilities43:46: The Future of China's Military and Strategic Developments

Send us a textToday, we wrap up the series on the Soviet Space Program with some fantastic successes, and disastrous failures.Support the show

Send us a textToday, we begin our two-part series covering the Soviet Space Program from its early days in the 1930s up to the launch of the three Sputnik satellites.Support the show

We welcomed our guest, Dr. Namrata Goswami, with the objectives of exploring China's lunar ambitions and space policies, comparing them to US initiatives while discussing the implications for commercial space activities and national security. The discussion concluded with analyses of China's strategic energy initiatives and space technology development, including their approach to commercial space partnerships and the potential impact of U.S. sanctions on Russian oil imports on India's space relationships. Space Show participants included Marshal Martin, Dr. Ajay Kothari, Rick Kwan, John Hunt, Dr. Charles Lurio and Amir Notea.As a group discussed recent changes in U.S. space policy and personnel, including the departure of a controversial now ambassador to India. Namrata Goswami returned as a guest to analyze these developments. They also reviewed SpaceX's successful Starship Demo 10 flight and discussed the importance of India as a strategic partner in space. The show highlighted upcoming events, including an art exhibition by Dr. Kothari in Fairfax, Virginia, and encouraged listeners to support the Space Show through donations or sponsorships.Namrata discussed China's lunar program, highlighting its focus on building an industrial capacity and infrastructure on the moon by 2036, including a 1 megawatt nuclear energy capability. She compared this to the US Artemis program, noting that while both aim to build lunar bases, China's ambitions are on a larger scale. Namrata also addressed concerns about China potentially misbehaving on the moon, explaining that China's strategic culture, as a one-party state, has historically involved occupying resource-rich areas. She suggested that the US needs to enhance its cislunar domain awareness, establish clear policy guidance for lunar infrastructure development, and take leadership in creating a regulatory structure for lunar activities to counter China's ambitions.Namrata discussed the evolving discourse on space policy, highlighting how legal systems established in the 1960s and 1970s did not anticipate the current commercial space sector. She noted that while her research and analysis are reflected in some policy documents, there is still a need to address the global nature of space activities and the importance of space infrastructure. David inquired about the impact of Namrata's work on space policy, to which she explained that her research has influenced national security considerations and policy discussions, though not directly leading to specific policy outcomes.Charles inquired about China's plans for their Long March 10 and 9 rockets, and Namrata clarified the differences between the two. She explained that the Long March 10A is a non-reusable rocket intended for lunar missions by 2030, while the Long March 9 is a heavy-lift rocket designed to be partially reusable by 2030, with a goal of full reusability by 2040. Namrata also highlighted that China's space program is driven by specific missions and infrastructure goals, such as space-based solar power and a Mars base, and emphasized the ideological purposes behind their rocket development, similar to SpaceX's narrative.The discussion focused on comparing China's commercial space sector with the US model. Namrata explained that while the US has a traditional public-private partnership where government funds commercial space activities through agencies like NASA, China's system is more integrated with government funding and direction. She noted that China's commercial space companies, though not state-owned, receive significant government funding and operate under a legal framework where they must support national defense and security initiatives if requested. The conversation highlighted how China's approach has allowed it to become an innovation powerhouse in areas like quantum computing and AI, while maintaining control over strategic technologies through its National Defense Law.The discussion next focused on the potential impact of U.S. sanctions on Russian oil imports on India's space partnership with the U.S. Namrata explained that while India has economic concerns about oil prices affecting its population, the space partnership remains strong, with ongoing collaborations including NASA's NISAR satellite launch and human spaceflight programs. The conversation also explored space policies in the Middle East, particularly the United Arab Emirates' ambitious goals including Mars missions and space resource utilization, as well as Saudi Arabia's plans for a spaceport and smart city. The group discussed whether sanctions on Russian oil would force India and China to comply with U.S. demands, with Namrata noting that economic sanctions could be challenging in India due to its large population and dependence on oil imports, though the outcome remained uncertain.Namrata discussed China's strategic energy initiatives, particularly their discovery of thorium deposits and development of nuclear and space-based solar power programs per comments from Ajay. Namrata explained that under President Xi Jinping, China has identified energy as a critical strategic area due to concerns about energy security and the "Malacca Dilemma," and has been investing heavily in alternative energy sources and space technology. The conversation ended with Marshall expressing his impression of SpaceX's Starship 10 launch, while Rick announced he would soon be traveling to China.Please see the Zoom video of this program a doctorspace.substack.com. The program audio will also be posted on Substack along with being posted on TSS website. Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program on Sunday August 31 due to Labor Day Holiday Weekend.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

This week Thibault talks with Dana Hemenway at The Space Program studio where Dana is doing a residency. They talk about Dana's background in public art, how motherhood has changed her practice, and what it was like working together as co-director at Royal Nonesuch Gallery in the 2010s. Check out our next bonus episode for Dana's hot takes.About Dana Hemenway Dana Hemenway is an artist based in San Francisco. Her work is rooted in the excavation and elevation of utilitarian objects to make visible what has become habituated in our built environments. Hemenway uses these functional items as materials to form traditionally fiber-based crafts–– lights and cords are woven through ceramics or the gallery wall, extension cords are transformed into macramé chains. Hemenway has had residencies at the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art (Omaha, NE), ACRE (Stueben, WI), SÍM (Reykjavik, Iceland), Joya: arte + ecología (Spain), The Wassaic Project (Upstate New York) and at Recology Waste Management (San Francisco). Dana is a 2024 Eureka Fellow, Fleishhacker Foundation and the recipient of The San Francisco Arts Commission Individual Artist Grant and a Southern Exposure Alternative Exposure Grant. She has a public art commission at SFO's Terminal 1. Dana has exhibited her artwork locally, nationally, and internationally. From 2015 – 2017, Dana served as a co-director of Royal Nonesuch Gallery, an artist-run project space in Oakland, CA. She received her MFA from Mills College and her BA from University of California Santa Cruz. She is represented by Eleanor Harwood Gallery.Website https://www.danahemenway.com

Episode: 1421 The Rocket Boys, a moving story of adolescence and engineering.  Today, a book with a surprising subtext.

Topics: Skims for Men, DIY Wainscoting, Flirty Lifeguard, Texas Vacation, Duped by Fixer Upper, Waco, The Silos, Joanna Gaines, Austin, Barton Springs, Big Bend, Forth Worth Rodeo and Shopping, Air BnB, USA's Space Program?! (NASA, Artemis), Cowgirl Aesthetic,  Destin Spring Break

On the latest episode of Discologist, Eduardo and Kevin dig into Willi Carlisle's Winged Victory, get a new psychedelic fix courtesy of Milwaukee's Wisconsin Space Program, discuss the implications of the (possibly) AI band The Velvet Sundown, and more. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Iran has long been hell-bent on becoming a nuclear power, threatening the balance of power in the Middle East and global annihilation. Pres. Trump brought the earth back from the edge of destruction with bold strikes on Iran's nuclear sites. What's next in the fight against the world's number one state sponsor of terrorism. And all the morning's biggest news on the Monday Bob Rose Show for 6-23-25

Astronomy Cast Ep. 759: The Commercial Space Program By Fraser Cain & Dr. Pamela Gay Streamed live on Jun 9, 2025. Humanity has turned its focus back to the Moon, sending a fleet of spacecraft to the lunar surface. Some are run by the government, but there's a whole new group of commercial landers bearing instruments to the lunar surface. Is this the future of lunar exploration? Space used to be a place occupied by government-funded and military missions, but today, we're seeing the rise... and fall (somersault, crash, and explosion) of missions with commercial design and funding. Let's talk about how this is good, bad, and maybe just too soon.   SUPPORTED BY YOU This Episode is made possible thanks to our Patrons on Patreon. Join at the Galaxy Group level or higher to be listed in our YouTube videos.  Thanks to: BogieNet, Stephen Vei, Jeanette Wink, Siggi Kemmler, Andrew Poelstra, Brian Cagle, David Truog, Ed, David, Gerhard Schwarzer, Sergio Sancevero, Sergey Manouilov, Burry Gowen, David Rossetter, Michael Purcell, Jason Kwong

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clLLqzWyT-Q Hosted by: Fraser Cain and Dr. Pamela L. Gay Streamed live on Jun 9, 2025. Humanity has turned its focus back to the Moon, sending a fleet of spacecraft to the lunar surface. Some are run by the government, but there's a whole new group of commercial landers bearing instruments to the lunar surface. Is this the future of lunar exploration? Space used to be a place occupied by government-funded and military missions, but today, we're seeing the rise... and fall (somersault, crash, and explosion) of missions with commercial design and funding. Let's talk about how this is good, bad, and maybe just too soon.   SUPPORTED BY YOU This Episode is made possible thanks to our Patrons on Patreon. Join at the Galaxy Group level or higher to be listed in our YouTube videos.  Thanks to: BogieNet, Stephen Vei, Jeanette Wink, Siggi Kemmler, Andrew Poelstra, Brian Cagle, David Truog, Ed, David, Gerhard Schwarzer, Sergio Sancevero, Sergey Manouilov, Burry Gowen, David Rossetter, Michael Purcell, Jason Kwong   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs. https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

Streamed live on Jun 9, 2025. Humanity has turned its focus back to the Moon, sending a fleet of spacecraft to the lunar surface. Some are run by the government, but there's a whole new group of commercial landers bearing instruments to the lunar surface. Is this the future of lunar exploration? Space used to be a place occupied by government-funded and military missions, but today, we're seeing the rise... and fall (somersault, crash, and explosion) of missions with commercial design and funding. Let's talk about how this is good, bad, and maybe just too soon.   SUPPORTED BY YOU This Episode is made possible thanks to our Patrons on Patreon. Join at the Galaxy Group level or higher to be listed in our YouTube videos.  Thanks to: BogieNet, Stephen Vei, Jeanette Wink, Siggi Kemmler, Andrew Poelstra, Brian Cagle, David Truog, Ed, David, Gerhard Schwarzer, Sergio Sancevero, Sergey Manouilov, Burry Gowen, David Rossetter, Michael Purcell, Jason Kwong

This week, China's Tianwen-2 spacecraft sent back its first image from space. It's headed to a rendezvous with the asteroid Kamoʻoalewa, one of Earth's “quasi-moons,” where it will collect samples in 2026. The mission comes after several successful lunar missions, including a lunar rover and a sample return mission from the far side of the moon. Host Ira Flatow talks with reporter Ling Xin from the South China Morning Post about the goals of China's space program, and what might be ahead.Plus, astronomer Dean Regas describes his new “tactile astronomy” book, which seeks to bring stories of the constellations to young blind and low-vision readers. Guests:Ling Xin is a science reporter at the South China Morning Post based in Ohio.Dean Regas is an astronomer, host of the “Looking Up” podcast, and author of the new book All About Orion.Transcript is available on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

Despite being diagnosed with a very rare form of Pediatric Brain cancer when he was 6 years old in 2021, Gabe Sorensen is living as good of a life as possible some 4 years later. Gabe was treated at St. Jude's and his goals for the future are either to become a doctor to help cure Pediatric Cancer or become a member of the Space Program. 

Dawn Aerospace's Aurora spacecraft has been offered for direct sale to customers with deliveries expected in 2027. Firefly Aerospace has signed a new agreement with the United Arab Emirates' Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre to deliver the Emirates Lunar Mission's Rashid 2 Rover to the far side of the Moon on Firefly's Blue Ghost lander.  The CASSINI Business Accelerator program, an initiative of the European Commission and European Union Agency for the Space Program, has selected 20 new businesses for the latest cohort, and more. Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Be sure to follow T-Minus on LinkedIn and Instagram. T-Minus Guest Our guest today is Steve Luczynski, President of the Aerospace Village.  You can connect with Steve on LinkedIn, and learn more about the Aerospace Village on their website. Selected Reading Dawn Aerospace Begins Taking Orders for Aurora Spaceplane: A Breakthrough Rocket-Powered Aircraft Firefly Aerospace Adds UAE's Rashid 2 Rover to Blue Ghost Mission to the Far Side of the Moon High 5 to the Stars- Cassini Accelerator Redwire Awarded Contract to Provide Critical Avionics Technology for Multinational Earth Observation Satellite Constellation Space Force losing 14% of its civilian workers - Defense One Blue Origin Announces Crew for New Shepard's 32nd Mission Space Florida: Project Beep mystery aerospace company wants to hire 1,000 on Merritt Island Giant 'white streak' appears over multiple US states as Chinese rocket dumps experimental fuel in space | Live Science Want to hear your company in the show? You too can reach the most influential leaders and operators in the industry. Here's our media kit. Contact us at space@n2k.com to request more info. Want to join us for an interview? Please send your pitch to space-editor@n2k.com and include your name, affiliation, and topic proposal. T-Minus is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Episode: 1349 Short-lived, but dramatic technologies.  Today, technologies that last only a little while.

Episode #1164 The Real Star Trek: America's Hidden Space Program Was Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative—mockingly dubbed "Star Wars"—just a cover for something much more profound? And was President Trump's vision of space expansion more than just grand rhetoric? Author, historian, and ET experiencer Ella LeBain joins Richard to discuss the long-hidden truth about America's secret space programs, off-world capabilities, and the extraterrestrial threats that might be driving these initiatives. They explore the shocking possibility that NASA is nothing more than a cover story, that we may already be a multi-planetary civilization, and that science fiction franchises like Star Trek and Star Wars have been quietly revealing classified knowledge for decades. Are hidden forces shaping our history, our wars, and even our financial crises to keep us distracted from the real story? And if the truth were to come out, how would it change everything we think we know about our place in the cosmos? GUEST: Ella LeBain is a leading researcher, historian, and author specializing in extraterrestrial phenomena, biblical prophecy, and hidden space programs. With over 40 years of research into UFOs, aliens, interdimensional beings, and secret government initiatives, she has become a highly regarded voice in the field of UFOlogy and esoteric knowledge. Ella is best known for her groundbreaking six-book series, Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo?, an in-depth exploration of extraterrestrials, angels, and the cosmic forces influencing humanity. A biblical scholar and linguistics expert, she deciphers ancient texts to reveal long-suppressed truths about reincarnation, the End Times, and the true nature of extraterrestrial and interdimensional entities. Her upcoming books, The Cosmic Slingshot and Heaven's Witness, push the boundaries of our understanding of reincarnation, biblical prophecy, and planetary history, including the role of Nibiru and the Nemesis system in shaping Earth's climate and cataclysms. WEBSITE: https://whoswhointhecosmiczoo.com BOOKS: THE COSMIC SLINGSHOT: Reincarnation in the Bible, Alien Abductions and End Times Prophesies Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo? (Book 1) Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo? (Book 2) Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo? (Book 3) Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo? (Book 4) Who's Who in the Cosmic Zoo? (Book 5) SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS!!! HIMS - Making Healthy and Happy Easy to Achieve Sexual Health, Hair Loss, Mental Health, Weight Management START YOUR FREE ONLINE VISIT TODAY - HIMS dot com slash STRANGE https://www.HIMS.com/strange SHIP STICKS Skip airport stress and costly airline fees with complimentary insurance, real-time tracking, dedicated support, and on-time delivery. ShipSticks is offering our listeners 20% off your first shipment when you go to Shipskicks.com and use the code STRANGE. Go to https://www.shipsticks.com and use the code STRANGE to get 20% off your first shipment and save yourself the hassle this ski season. That's S-H-I-P-S-T-I-C-K-S.com. Make sure you use the code STRANGE so they know we sent you. UP FIRST PODCAST FROM NPR Up First frees you from the all-day scroll obsession by telling you everything you need to know, in an easy 15 minutes. NO BS. Just the facts. Up First is the cure you need for your news fatigue. Listen Now to the UP FIRST Podcast from NPR BECOME A PREMIUM SUBSCRIBER!!! https://strangeplanet.supportingcast.fm Three monthly subscriptions to choose from. Commercial Free Listening, Bonus Episodes and a Subscription to my monthly newsletter, InnerSanctum. We and our partners use cookies to personalize your experience, to show you ads based on your interests, and for measurement and analytics purposes. By using our website and services, you agree to our use of cookies as described in our Cookie Policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://strangeplanet.supportingcast.fm/

Send us a textDo you know the story of Yvonne Clark? She was a pioneering African-American problem-solving mechanical engineer who worked on the Saturn V rocket boosters and moon boxes for astronauts. For 55 years, she taught mechanical engineering at Tennessee State University, where her story captivated her student (and later picture book biographer) Allen R. Wells. Discover how the remarkable legacy of engineer Yvonne Clark is inspiring the next generation through a gorgeous new children's book, Yvonne Clark and Her Engineering Spark. Author/engineer Allen R. Wells and illustrator DeAndra Hodge help me delve into the world of STEM, storytelling, and the transformative power of diversity and inclusivity in literature. Join us in celebrating the legacy of Yvonne Clark and the power of storytelling to inspire future generations. Chapters:1:03: Who Was Hidden Figure Yvonne Clark? Learn about this pioneering mechanical engineer in Yvonne Clark and Her Engineering Spark, a must-have book for STEM and STEAM educators. 7:50: Engineering + Artistry = Engineering Spark 14:10: Adventures in Learning 22:11: Incorporating STEAM Into Inclusive and Diverse Children's Literature Links:Order Yvonne Clark and Her Engineering Spark Follow Allen R. Wells on [Instagram/Bluesky/LinkedIn]Follow DeAndra Hodge on [Instagram/Bluesky/LinkedIn]Learn more about Yvonne Clark in Scientific American, Lost Women of Science, Society of Women Engineers, and Vanderbilt UniversitySupport the showSubscribe & Follow: Stay updated with our latest episodes and follow us on Instagram, LinkedIn, and the Adventures in Learning website. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts! *Disclosure: I am a Bookshop.org. affiliate.

Hank returned to the Space Show with first time guest Dean Jason Green of the UAH Business School. We discussed the upcoming Business in Space Conference they host which will be later this month. In addition, we talked about the greater space community in the Huntsville area, both private sector and government space plus Marshall Spaceflight Center and the Redstone Armory. Also, the Space Force. Please read the full program summary when available at www.thespaceshow.com for this date, Friday, Feb. 7, 2025.

 PREVIEW - SPACEX Colleague Bob Zimmerman imagines what the manned space program would be like if SpaceX and Musk had not risked the fourth launch of the Falcon 1 booster nearly two decades ago. More details later. 1958

This week, we're talking to the authors of a new book about spaceflight called "Star Bound: A Beginner's Guide to the American Space Program, from Goddard's Rockets to Goldilocks Planets and Everything in Between," Emily Carney and Bruce McCandless III. Emily started the popular Facebook group Space Hipsters, now 66,000 members strong, and Bruce is a retired lawyer and space enthusiast who also happens to be the son of Bruce McCandless II, the NASA astronaut who flew on the shuttle and pioneered the use of the Manned Maneuvering Unit. We're going to cover a lot of territory in this one, so take your hand off the eject lever and strap in! Get "Star Bound" (Amazon Affiliate): https://amzn.to/4hvHtXo Hosts: Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik Guests: Emily Carney and Bruce McCandless III Download or subscribe to This Week in Space at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-space. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

PREVIEW: PRC: Colleague Bob Zimmerman explains the perilous Chinese space program that drops boosters on villages. More tonight. 1958

PREVIEW: ROSKOSMOS 1974: Conversation with colleague Anatoly Zak, RussianSpaceWeb.com, re a secret Soviet space program that deployed and manned several spy stations in Earth orbit. More tonight.1955