Off the Hookah with Phil and Cooper

As the coronavirus crisis continues to grip the world, the markets have been on the shakiest ground yet since the 2008 economic recession - especially with regards to the price of oil. In the last few years, Saudi Arabia and Russia have developed a special relationship to stabilize oil prices in the face of growing competition from the Americans, who for the first time has begun to outpace both countries in terms of production. But when demand for oil began to fall precipitously in the face of COVID-19, the relationship ended in a messy way. Phil and Cooper break down the bad breakup and how it’s affected economies worldwide. Russia might not be ready for long-term OPEC commitment (Nikolay Kozhanov) Russia hoping to outdo Saudis over time in coronavirus-hit oil market (Max Suchkov) Does Moscow's withdrawal from OPEC-plus deal end Russia-Saudi honeymoon? (Nikolay Kozhanov) Intel: How the US is relying on Riyadh to reassure global markets (Elizabeth Hagedorn) Extra Listening Episode #114, Double Double, Oil and Trouble (9/27/2019): Exploring the special relationship between the US and Saudi Arabia in the face of attacks on Saudi oil infrastructure. Music: Elman - “Антигерой” (Spotify)

Phil and Cooper record their first remote podcast due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on recent political intrigue in Israel. After three rounds of elections, there may finally be a successful attempt at forming a new Israeli government, with opposition leader Benny Gantz having been tasked with building a coalition. But sitting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has his own ideas, and he’s using the coronavirus outbreak as a political cudgel. Al-Monitor contributor Ben Caspit joins us remotely from Israel to discuss this and more. Netanyahu's target: to isolate coronavirus, Benny Gantz (Ben Caspit) Netanyahu, Gantz get closer to reaching unity government (Mazal Mualem) Netanyahu's coronavirus strategy erodes Israel's democracy (Ben Caspit) Netanyahu wants an emergency government of Jews only (Afif Abu Much) Netanyahu's chief rival promises 'broad' government 'within a few days' (Elizabeth Hagedorn) Extra Listening: Episode #78,  Honey I Shrunk My Coalition (11/29/2018): Phil, Cooper, and Danny Zaken discuss Netanyahu’s political majority falling apart after the departure of Avigdor Liberman along with threats of other cabinet members leaving. Episode #95,  Breaking Benjamin (4/12/2019): The first round of elections are called by Netanyahu in an attempt to hold onto power in the face of impending indictments. Episode #101,  Panic! At The Knesset (6/7/2019): Netanyahu fails at forming a majority government and calls snap elections for September. Episode #113,  Déjà-Yahu (9/20/2019): The second round of Israeli elections in 2019 show Gantz barely leading Netanyahu, but always signals another political stalemate. Episode #120,  Gantz Hardly Wait (12/6/2019): After failing to form a majority government for a second time, a third round of elections are called in Israel. Music: Reines Girls - “We’ll Stay Friends” ( Spotify)

Iran held parliamentary elections at the end of February, resulting in a serious swing to the right, with conservative Principlist politicians sweeping the majority of seats from the sitting Reformists. How did this happen, and why are the results unsurprising? Also, the dreaded coronavirus has made Iran the third largest epicenter of the outbreak - how has the Iranian government been responding to the crisis, and how has it spread so quickly? Phil and Cooper discuss this and more with Ali Ahmadi, a geopolitical analyst based in Tehran. How Iranian hard-liners helped Reformists ahead of elections (Rohollah Faghihi) Khamenei calls on Iranians to participate in parliamentary vote Coronavirus puts more pressure on Iran's already strained economy (Bijan Khajehpour) Intel: Trump administration eases humanitarian trade restrictions on Iran amid coronavirus fears (Bryant Harris) Extra Listening: Episode #123,  Off the Brink (1/10/20): The Trump administration pulls off a targeted killing of the IRGC commander Qasem Soleimani, raising tensions between the US and Iran. Music: Radio Tehran - “Hamesheh” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

An update on Syria this week; Turkey is lashing out at a Syrian government offensive across the border in the Idlib province, a key Syrian territory of which Turkey has controlled parts of for several years - territory that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad is looking to now regain. Why is Turkey so interested in this land, and what’s been the humanitarian cost of these battles over it? Phil and Cooper speak with Turkey Pulse contributor Diego Cupolo from Istanbul, and receive first-hand accounts from Syria Pulse contributor Mohammad al-Khateib from Idlib. Waves of displacement continue amid Idlib escalation (Mohammed al-Khatieb) Turkey, Syrian regime at last exit before all-out confrontation (Metin Gurcan) Turkey's hands tied as Syrian army makes gains in Idlib (Fehim Tastekin) Erdogan vies for leverage in Syria's Idlib as Turkish troops reinforce positions (Diego Cupolo) Extra Listening: Episode #67,   Deep Cuts (8/30/2018): Tensions rise in the Idlib province of Syria due to Turkey’s plan to invade. Episode #110,   The Not-So-Safe Zone (8/22/2019): The US and Turkey agree to a buffer zone along the Turkey-Syria border to prevent any military operations against the Kurds. Music: Bu Kolthoum - “Jouwana” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

So Trump released the final installment of his Israel-Palestine peace plan. But we’ve heard this song before - last year in Bahrain, when his son-in-law Jared Kushner announced an underwhelming “economic peace plan” for propping up Palestine. Those plans fell on deaf ears - so what’s in this new proposal, and what’s in it for both sides of the conflict? Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor columnist and former Israeli peace negotiator Yossi Beilin and Al-Monitor Palestine Pulse columnist Daoud Kuttab to understand the effects of these political gestures from the Trump Administration. Trump’s Israeli-US deal is not a peace plan (Yossi Beilin) Trump's plan unveiled: Netanyahu's best and worst day ever (Ben Caspit) Netanyahu's land of the settlers (Shlomi Eldar) US peace plan may unwittingly unite Palestinians against it (Adnan Abu Amer) Rival Palestinian factions unite against US 'deal of century' (Adnan Abu Amer) Extra Listening: Episode #105,  Bahrain Drain (7/12/2019): Jared Kushner releases the first portion of the Israeli-Palestinian “deal of the century” - an economic “peace and prosperity” platform - but it didn’t get the response they were looking for. Episode #113,  Déjà-Yahu (9/20/2019): The second round of Israeli elections in 2019 show Gantz barely leading Netanyahu, but always signals another political stalemate. Episode #120,  Gantz Hardly Wait (12/6/2019): Prime Minister Netanyahu is being indicted for corruption, and neither him or his opponent Benny Gantz have been able to form a majority government, meaning that Israel will head into a third do-over election in March 2020. Music: Hassan el Shafei - “Galbek Ween” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Protests in Iraq and Lebanon. Censorship in Egypt and Iran. Growing conservatism in Turkey. All of these events are catalysts - both good and bad - for artists in the Middle East. In a change of pace, Phil and Cooper speak with Nazlan Ertan, Al-Monitor’s Culture Editor, to talk about how recent uprisings have provided a special opportunity for protest art, and how governments utilize art and culture to transform their image or instill national pride. How artistic freedom of expression shrinks in 'new' Egypt (Shahira Amin) Artists splash Iraqi protests with vivid imagery (Gilgamesh Nabeel) 'Eggupation' breeds revolutionary thinking in Beirut (Euan Ward)  Lebanon's revolutionary art flourishes despite culture sector strike (Nicholas Frakes) Joker jumps from screen to streets of global revolutions (Nicholas Frakes) Iran's top cultural event jeopardized by artist boycotts (Saeid Jafari) The Istanbul Archaeological Museums return, piece by piece (Giuseppe Mancini) Istanbul's Arter ‘pushing boundaries' of Turkey's art scene (Ayla Jean Yackley) Music: Cairokee - “Kan Lak Ma’aya” (ft. Umm Kulthum) ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

Oman’s leader, Sultan Qaboos, died last week after ruling the country for 50 years. Qaboos is considered the father of modern Oman, so Phil and Cooper explore his life, the coup d’etat that changed his destiny, and the social and economic realities for Omanis under his rule. And what do we know about his successor? Al-Monitor Gulf Pulse contributor Karen Young joins the podcast to lend her expertise on the overlooked Gulf nation and more. What’s next for Oman following Sultan Qaboos’ death? (Kristian Ulrichsen) Sell-off in Oman reveals privatization with regional characteristics (Karen Young) Russia eyes Oman as mediator for regional crises (Kirill Semenov) Oman minister describes role as 'facilitator' of diplomacy in turbulent region Oman’s humanitarian aid to Yemen also pragmatic (Sebastian Castelier) Extra Listening: Episode #9,  Qatar? I Hardly Know Her (6/7/2017): A group of Gulf countries and Egypt place a controversial embargo on Qatar for supporting terrorism and having diplomatic relations with Iran. Music: Sal Davis - “Sultan Qaboos Song” ( YouTube)

We’re back from holiday break and you probably have a lot of questions: Who was Qasem Soleimani? Why was he assassinated? Will the US and Iran de-escalate these tensions, and what can we expect to happen next? Phil and Cooper deep dive into the last several days of serious escalations between the two countries, answering these questions and more. What Iran lost with Soleimani’s killing (Ali Hashem) Soleimani’s assassination unites Iranians (Rohollah Faghihi) US position in Iraq in jeopardy after strikes (Jack Detsch) Pro-Iranian militias behind US Embassy attack in Baghdad (Ali Mamouri) US allies, Democrats express concerns after assassination of Iran’s Soleimani (Laura Rozen)  Iranian missiles strike coalition installations in Iraq (Jack Detsch) Extra Listening: Episode #52,  JCP-No-Way (5/10/2018): Trump withdraws from the Iran Nuclear Deal. Episode #64,  The Sound of Sanctions (8/10/2018): Phil and Cooper discuss the first round of Trump’s new sanctions on Iran. Episode #76,  The Sound of Sanctions, Part II (11/7/2018): Phil and Cooper speak with Barbara Slavin about the second round of new sanctions, and how they’ve already affected Iran’s economy. Episode #99,  Under Pressure (5/17/2019): Tensions between the US and Iran with threats of military action. Episode #119,  If You Smell What Iraq is Cooking (11/21/2019): Growing protests in Iraq spark concern in the region. Music: Arash - “Temptation” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

It’s that time of year, folks, whether you’re trying to find the cheapest apple pie in the grocery store or battling parents for the last Turboman doll at a toy store, Phil and Cooper have a show for you! What’s on the horizon for the Middle East in the new year? What about Congress, and the presidential elections? And how about some year-end predictions from some of Al-Monitor’s columnists and contributors? Also, John McLaughlin rises again, and more surprises! Be sure to check out  Al-Monitor’s Election 2020 Coverage by Bryant Harris! Music: Jean-Marie Riachi - “Jingle Bells” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

We’ve recently covered the protests in Lebanon and Iraq - two countries where Iran remains highly influential. But Iran has been dealing with demonstrations of their own, triggered by a series of austerity measures to try and take pressure off their already-strained economy. What were these measures? What demands have the protesters called for? And will these events have any effect on the political career of their president, Hassan Rouhani? Phil and Cooper discuss this and more, along with Al-Monitor Iran Pulse contributor Sarbas Nazari. Reduction in Iran's gasoline subsidy sparks anti-government protests Tehran says protests subsiding as internet blackout drags on Will Iran’s 50% gas price hike pay off for the economy? (Bijan Khajehpour) How Iran's protests could impact foreign policy (Hamidreza Azizi) How Iran's hard-liners tried to ride wave of protests (Rohollah Faghihi) Extra Listening: Episode #52,  JCP-No-Way (5/10/2018): Trump withdraws from the Iran Nuclear Deal. Episode #64,  The Sound of Sanctions (8/10/2018): Phil and Cooper discuss the first round of Trump’s new sanctions on Iran. Episode #76,  The Sound of Sanctions, Part II (11/7/2018): Phil and Cooper speak with Barbara Slavin about the second round of new sanctions, and how they’ve already affected Iran’s economy. Episode #99,  Under Pressure (5/17/2019): Tensions between the US and Iran with threats of military action. Music: Leila Forouhar - “Jolene” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

Back from Thanksgiving break, Phil and Cooper give a thorough rundown of everything that’s been happening in Israel lately. In the span of a month, Israel’s two leading politicians have failed to form a new government, there’s been violence at the Gaza-Israel border, and Prime Minister Netanyahu not only got a political victory from the Trump Administration, but got indicted as well. And to top it all off, Israel looks like it’s headed for an unprecedented third do-over election. Al-Monitor contributor and former Knesset member Ksenia Svetlova joins the podcast to discuss. What's next for Netanyahu? (Mazal Mualem) Pompeo reinforces Netanyahu’s occupation policies (Akiva Eldar) US says Israeli settlements not necessarily illegal (Laura Rozen) Indicted for bribery, Netanyahu ramps up his victimization campaign (Ben Caspit) Netanyahu at war with legal system (Mazal Mualem) Killing of Islamic Jihad senior: Gantz falls into Netanyahu's trap (Yossi Beilin) Extra Listening: Episode #78,   Honey I Shrunk My Coalition (11/29/2018): Phil, Cooper, and Danny Zaken discuss Netanyahu’s political majority falling apart after the departure of Avigdor Liberman along with threats of other cabinet members leaving. Episode #101,  Panic! At The Knesset (6/7/2019): Netanyahu fails at forming a majority government and calls snap elections for September. Episode #113,  Déjà-Yahu (9/20/2019): The second round of Israeli elections in 2019 show Gantz barely leading Netanyahu, but always signals another political stalemate. Music: Noa Kirel - “Pouch” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)

In light of the last episode’s updates on protests in Lebanon, Phil and Cooper talk about the demonstrations that have been accelerating in Iraq over the past several weeks. Iraqis are angry as the government’s been dragging its feet on providing basic social services, corruption is rampant, and unemployment and poverty are staggering. But Iraq’s leaders are digging in their heels while security forces use violence against the protesters. What makes these protests unique? And what role is Iran playing in all of this? Dr. Renad Mansour, who serves the project director of the Iraq Initiative at Chatham House, joins the podcast to give his analysis and first-hand accounts of the protests. Iraq protests continue despite calls for calm (Ali Mamouri) Abdul Mahdi pressured into staying in office (Mustafa Saadoun) How to think about Iraq’s demonstrations (Doug Ollivant) Intel: What’s fueling Iraqi anger at the government (Ali Mamouri) Is Iran’s honeymoon in Iraq over? (Gilgamesh Nabeel) Can Iraqi PM weather ongoing protests? (Ali Mamouri) Extra Listening: Episode #61,  Blackout in Basra (7/19/2018): Protests break out in the southern Iraqi city of Basra over the lack of basic services. Episode #66,   A River Runs Through It (8/24/2018): On the thirtieth anniversary of its end, Phil and Cooper explain the circumstances of the Iran-Iraq War. Episode #72,  Mystery at the Consulate (10/12/2018): The new Iraqi government nominates Adel Abdul-Mahdi as prime minister. Music: Elyanna - “Oululee Leh” ( Spotify | Apple Music)

Massive demonstrations have broken out in Lebanon’s major cities for the past few weeks, where protesters’ frustrations with economic woes and government corruption have boiled over into the streets. Lebanon’s seen protests before, so what makes these so unique? What are the protesters demanding, and what’s been conceded so far? Phil and Cooper answer these questions and more, along with insight from Al-Monitor contributor Ghalia al-Alwani, who’s covering the protests from Beirut. Lebanon’s protests continue to gain momentum (Nicholas Frakes) Lebanon protests also bring Syrians, Palestinians out onto the streets (Ghalia al-Alwani) Will Hezbollah ride or face Lebanon’s uprising? (Joe Macaron) Amid Lebanon’s ongoing protests, army finds itself caught in the middle (Michal Kranz) After unprecedented shutdown, Lebanon’s banks reopen, mitigate nationwide panic (Victoria Yan) As Lebanese PM lays out reform package, protesters demand more (Michal Kranz) Extra Listening: Episode #30,  Saad, Blink Twice If You Need Help (11/8/2017): Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri is ostensibly held captive in Saudi Arabia and forced to resign his leadership. Music: Wake Island - “Lil Thawra” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)  

President Trump announced the death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi last Sunday, so Phil and Cooper give a long-overdue history of the Islamic State. Al-Monitor contributor Ali Hashem joins the podcast to give a look into the evolution of al-Baghdadi, from the days before he was radicalized, and how foreign wars and the Arab Spring shaped his strategy and ideology. The many names of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Ali Hashem) US set for risky IS mission with leader’s death in Syria (Jack Detsch) Witnesses describe night of Baghdadi's death (Mohammed al-Khatieb) Pentagon: Islamic State will survive leader’s death (Jack Detsch) Music: Talia - “Bladi” (Spotify | Youtube)  

Following up on Episode #115, Phil and Cooper discuss what’s happened in Syria since President Trump decided to withdraw US troops from the northeastern territories, leaving Syrian Kurdish allies to fend for themselves against the Turkish military operation. But are the troops really “coming home,” and if so, when? Are there still plans for troops in Syria? And if the US is leaving, who’s going to fill that void? We answer these questions and speak with senior correspondent Amberin Zaman to learn more about how the Syrian Kurds are processing events of the last few weeks. US announces full withdrawal from northern Syria as Turkish forces advance (Jack Detsch/Amberin Zaman) 'Majority' of US troops depart Syria (Jack Detsch) Who betrayed Syria’s Kurds? (Amberin Zaman) Turkey, Russia both claim win in Syria agreement (Amberin Zaman) Trump administration scrambles to salvage US troop presence in Syria (Jack Detsch) Extra Listening: Episode #82,   Walk (Back) This Way (1/10/2019): Trump announces pulling troops out of Syria, only to be stopped by Defense Secretary Jim Mattis. Episode #110,   The Not-So-Safe Zone (8/22/2019): The US and Turkey agree to a buffer zone along the Turkey-Syria border to prevent any military operations against the Kurds. Episode #115,  Seen and Not Kurd (10/10/2019): After a chance phone call with Turkish President Erdogan, President Trump announces that US troops will leave northern Syria, putting the long alliance with Syrian Kurds in jeopardy. Music: Sherine - “Hobboh Ganna” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)    

This week, President Trump made a controversial decision to pull the US military out of northern Syria, allowing Turkey to proceed with a military operation against one of America’s staunchest allies in the region, the Syrian Kurds, the same coalition who did the lion’s share of destroying the Islamic State. Is there any rhyme or reason to Trump’s decision? What are Erdogan’s goals for northern Syria? And what has the reaction been from Washington? Dr. Bulent Aliriza, the Director of the Turkey Project at CSIS joins the podcast, as well as Al-Monitor’s Pentagon correspondent, Jack Detsch. Turkey launches Syria invasion hours after informing US of plans (Jack Detsch) Turkey launches attack on Syrian Kurdish forces as US steps aside (Amberin Zaman) Trump allies in Congress assail decision to let Turkey attack Syrian Kurds (Bryant Harris) Islamic State fight paused as Turkey invades northern Syria (Jack Detsch) Turkey's route into Syria full of pitfalls, uncertainties (Semih Idiz) Extra Listening: Episode #82,  Walk (Back) This Way (1/10/2019): Trump announces pulling troops out of Syria, only to be stopped by Defense Secretary Jim Mattis. Episode #110,  The Not-So-Safe Zone (8/22/2019): The US and Turkey agree to a buffer zone along the Turkey-Syria border to prevent any military operations against the Kurds. Music: Aynur Dogan - “Zor İmiş Meğer” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)  

Phil and Cooper play catch-up on this month’s news, including the attacks on oil infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. These drone and missile operations took out nearly 5% of the world’s daily oil supply and shook world markets. Although a rebel group in Yemen took responsibility for the attacks, the US and its allies have put the blame on Iran. What do we know so far? What would have been Iran’s rationale if they are responsible? And what comes next? Henry Rome from the Eurasia Group joins the podcast to share his insight. Iran denies involvement in Saudi attacks Zarif: Attack on Iran would mean 'all-out war' Iran defends strikes on Saudi oil facility but denies role Saudi oil facility attack challenges Washington's regional commitment (Karen Young) Lost opportunity? Rouhani departs NY without meeting Trump (Laura Rozen) Extra Listening: Episode #103,   How to Lose the Iran Deal in 10 Days (6/21/19): A breakdown of the recent tensions between Iran and the US. Episode #107,  Ship Out of Luck (7/25/19): an update on the recent escalations between Iran and the international community, culminating in their capturing four oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz. Music: Kourosh Yaghmaei - “Dar Enteha” ( Spotify |  Apple Music)  

Israel held another election this week after a first round in April led to a stalemate, when Prime Minister Netanyahu was unable to form a majority government. Though the results from this week are equally confusing, there’s a likelihood that Netanyahu’s grip on power is weakening. Phil and Cooper parse through the numbers: what led to this, what parties are in play, and what comes next? Al-Monitor’s Israel Pulse columnist Akiva Eldar joins the podcast, along with Lara Friedman, President of the Foundation for Middle East Peace. Intel: How Netanyahu's push for redo elections backfired (Danny Zaken) The surprising political tactics of Israel’s Arab party (Shlomi Eldar) Netanyahu down but not out (Mazal Mualem) No talks about peace for Israel in its electoral agenda (Akiva Eldar) Netanyahu's plan to annex Jordan Valley kills all chances for Palestinian state (Daoud Kuttab) Extra Listening: Episode #78, Honey I Shrunk My Coalition (11/29/2018): Phil, Cooper, and Danny Zaken discuss Netanyahu’s political majority falling apart after the departure of Avigdor Liberman along with threats of other cabinet members leaving. Episode #89, Alliance Defiance (2/28/2019): Phil and Cooper explain the Blue & White Coalition and how it was becoming a serious threat to Netanyahu’s leadership, and talk with Mazal Mualem about Bibi’s alliance with far-right parties. Episode #90, Nobody Puts Bibi in the Corner (3/7/2019): Ben Caspit joins the podcast to talk about the announcement about Netanyahu’s potential indictment, and how it will affect him in the April elections. Episode #95, Breaking Benjamin (4/12/2019): Danny Zaken speaks with the podcast about the April election results. Episode #101, Panic! At The Knesset (6/7/2019): Netanyahu fails at forming a majority government and calls snap elections for September. Music: Yoni Bloch - “Makir Oto” (Spotify)

President Trump’s foreign policy circle shrunk a little more this week, with National Security Advisor John Bolton getting the boot. But the other less-talked-about announcement was the resignation of Jason Greenblatt, Trump’s appointed envoy for the “deal of the century” - the long-awaited Israel-Palestine peace deal. Who is Greenblatt, what were his accomplishments, and what does it say about Trump’s foreign policy? And will it make a difference in crafting any sort of workable peace plan? Phil and Cooper discuss this and also get some perspectives from Yousef Munayyer (@YousefMunayyer) of the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights and Israel Pulse contributor Danny Zaken (@danizaken). Palestinians see Greenblatt resignation as sign of failure for US Mideast vision (Daoud Kuttab) Will Greenblatt’s resignation hurt Netanyahu? (Danny Zaken) Extra Listening: Episode #105, Bahrain Drain (7/12/2019): Jared Kushner releases the first portion of the Israeli-Palestinian “deal of the century” - an economic “peace and prosperity” platform - but it didn’t get the response they were looking for. Music: Skinny - “Never Snitch” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Phil and Cooper do a deep dive into the ongoing conflict in Yemen, which has become one of the worst humanitarian crises in history. We look into how a unified Yemen was first formed, and how today, nascent movements in southern Yemen are looking into splitting the country once again. Two Al-Monitor contributors and Yemeni journalists, Naseh Shaker and Afrah Nasser, join the podcast to lend valuable insight into a civil war where conflicting reports are rampant. Also, Gulf Pulse columnist Bruce Riedel talks about the role Saudi Arabia and the UAE have played in the conflict, and Washington correspondent Bryant Harris speaks about the increased lobbying from Yemeni separatists in DC. Aden standoff puts Hadi's legitimacy at stake (Naseh Shaker) Yemen’s southern separatists take case to Congress (Bryant Harris) UAE shifts course in Yemen (Amar al-Ashwal) Riyadh faces new setback in south Yemen (Bruce Riedel) Southern Yemeni women enter storm of politics, war (Afrah Nasser) Extra Listening: Episode #34, Quds You Be More Wrong? (12/13/2017): After helping bring to power the same Houthi rebels who ran him out of Yemen, ex-President Ali Abdullah Saleh was killed by the rebels after they found him too disloyal. Episode #77, Backing Out (11/14/2018): The Trump Administration considers pulling its material support to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen. Music: Faysal Alawi - “Taybet Ya Al Madhnon” (Spotify | Apple Music)

In northern Syria, Kurds have secured their own little autonomous nation since taking control of the land during the ongoing civil war, where they’ve served as consistent US allies in the fight against ISIS. But their northern neighbor Turkey is dead-set against any sort of Kurdish state and have threatened to invade to eliminate the threat. The US doesn’t want to lose the Kurdish alliance, so they’ve brokered a deal for a “peace corridor” on the Turkey-Syria border. But what are the details? And will it work? Phil and Cooper discuss this and more. Extra Reading: Turkey, US agree to coordinate on Syrian buffer zone (Ayla Jean Yackley) What does US-Turkey military deal really entail? (Cengiz Candar) Deciphering the cryptic safe-zone deal between Turkey, US (Metin Gurcan) Syrian Kurdish commander sets conditions for safe zone talks with Turkey (Amberin Zaman) Turkey, Syrian Kurds remain at odds in safe zone visions (Fehim Tastekin) Pentagon sends team to scout Syria safe zone (Jack Detsch) Turks skeptical over accord with US for Syrian 'safe zone' (Semih Idiz) Extra Listening: Episode #39, The Road to Rojava (2/1/2018): Metin Gurcan joins the podcast to talk about Turkey’s invasion of Afrin. Episode #67, Deep Cuts (8/30/2018): Tensions rise in the Idlib province of Syria due to Turkey’s plan to invade. Music: Nassif Zeytoun - “Takke” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Iraq is stuck in the middle of the US-Iran tensions, as their new government tries carefully to play both sides. One point of contention is the role of independent, predominantly Shiite militias in the country, with some holding strong pro-Iranian views - these militias are known as the PMU, or Popular Mobilization Units. But there’s been an outcry after Iraq’s prime minister decreed that all these militias must come under the command of the Iraqi Armed Forces. Phil and Cooper break down the basics: why were the PMU formed? How much power do they have? And what comes next? Al-Monitor Iraq Pulse editor Ali Mamouri joins the podcast from Baghdad. Extra Reading:   The Dueling Ayatollahs (Ali Mamouri) Political differences ignite conflict between PMU factions (Hamdi Malik) Iraq orders militias to fully integrate into state security forces (Ali Mamouri) As US pressure increases on Iran-backed militias, they turn to Iran (Ali Mamouri) US hits back at Iran in Iraq as tensions rise (Ali Mamouri) Shiite military factions have long way to integrate into state forces (Ali Mamouri) Extra Listening: Episode #53, Iraq the Vote (5/16/2018): A rundown of the initial 2018 election results in Iraq. Episode #57, Iraqi Start (6/14/2018): The Iraq election gets a recount, and Ali Mamouri joins to give insight. Episode #66, A River Runs Through It (8/24/2018): On the thirtieth anniversary of its end, Phil and Cooper explain the circumstances of the Iran-Iraq War.  Episode #68, Iraqi Path (9/6/2018): Iraq tries to nominate a new prime minister despite the US and Iran’s political preferences. Music: Acrassicauda - “Requiem for a Reverie” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Back from a summer break, Phil and Cooper discuss the recent news out of North Africa: the Tunisian president, Beji Caid Essebsi, died at age 92. There was a huge outpouring of support for Essebsi’s rule, both from Tunisians and the international community - but does this really reflect his legacy? Where did Essebsi get his start, and what comes next for Tunisia? Fadil Aliriza, a journalist based in Tunis and editor-in-chief of mesh-kal.com, joins the podcast to talk about these recent events and more. Tunisian president's death leaves conflicted legacy, unclear future (Simon Speakman Cordall) Extra Listening: Episode #83, The Jasmine Revolution, Pt 1 (1/17/19): Emir Sfaxi joins us to discuss the 2011 fall of Ben Ali and the beginning of the Arab Spring Episode #84, The Jasmine Revolution, Pt 2 (1/24/19): Amberin Zaman joins to discuss her reporting on the ground in Tunisia during the anniversary of the revolution.  Music: Nermine Sfar & Ali Sabri Belaid - “Twarri Nwarri” (YouTube)

Phil gives an update on the recent escalations between Iran and the international community, culminating in their capturing four oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz. What’s the Strait of Hormuz, and why is it so important? Also, Cooper discusses the recent arrival of the Russian S-400 missiles in Turkey, and what that means for their participation in the American F-35 project. Jack Detsch joins the podcast and talks shop with the pod about both topics.   Iran claims massive counterespionage win Iran says tanker crisis can be resolved diplomatically Intel: US troop boost a warning shot at Iran (Jack Detsch) Intel: US boots Turkey from F-35 program after Russian arms deal (Jack Detsch) How Turkey is planning to handle US blowback over S-400s (Metin Gurcan) US forced to mull sanctions against Turkey after S-400 purchase (Amberin Zaman/Jack Detsch) Extra Listening: Episode #98, S-400 Days of Summer (5/10/19): Phil and Cooper explain the conflict behind Turkey’s purchase of both Russian S-400 missiles and American F-35 fighter jets. Episode #103, How to Lose the Iran Deal in 10 Days (6/21/19): A breakdown of the recent tensions between Iran and the US. Music: Ramesh - “Rood Khooneha” (Spotify | Apple Music)

This week, Phil and Cooper explain the age-old territorial dispute between the Greeks and the Turks for the island of Cyprus. The dispute has re-entered the national conversation as Turkey presses forward with some ambitious plans to drill for oil in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in waters claimed by both Cyprus and Turkey. Why is the Turkish government so determined to drill? And how have other countries responded? Al-Monitor senior correspondent Amberin Zaman joins the podcast after reporting from Cyprus on the story. Eastern Mediterranean crisis balloons as Turkish drill ships multiply (Amberin Zaman) EU downgrades diplomatic ties, funding with Turkey over Cyprus gas drilling (Diego Cupolo) Congress advances bill sidelining Turkey on Mediterranean gas dispute (Bryant Harris) Eastern Mediterranean heats up as gas rivalry stakes grow higher (Metin Gurcan) Militarization of Mediterranean rises with exploration disputes (Metin Gurcan) Music: Monsieur Doumani - “Mandra” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Two weeks ago, the Trump White House unveiled the first half of their long-awaited Israel-Palestine peace plan, called “Peace & Prosperity,” at a workshop event in Bahrain. But even before the summit began, analysts and leaders in the region criticized the circumstances of the event, especially after it was announced that neither the Israelis nor the Palestinians would have official representatives attending. So in the aftermath of Jared Kushner’s killer Powerpoint skills, what were the reactions to the peace plan, and what happens next? To get both perspectives, Phil and Cooper speak with Israel Pulse columnist Shlomi Eldar and Palestine Pulse columnist Daoud Kuttab.  The winners and losers of the Bahrain conference (Daoud Kuttab) US Bahrain conference premature (Yossi Beilin) Why Bahrain conference won’t be enough for peace (Akiva Eldar) US, Netanyahu hand-pick Israeli journalists for Bahrain conference (Shlomi Eldar) Palestinians expect little from Bahrain summit (Daoud Kuttab) Under US plan, Palestinian refugees will still be refugees (Adnan Abu Amer) Why Arabs are pressuring PA to take part in Bahrain summit (Ahmad Melhem) Extra Listening: Episode #16, The Trump Doctrine (8/2/2017): A review of President Trump’s Middle East policy. Episode #34, Quds You Be More Wrong? (12/13/2017): Phil and Cooper discuss President Trump’s decision to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Episode #40, Two to Tango (2/9/2018): Daoud Kuttab joins the pod for the first time to talk about the floundering peace talks. Episode #67, Deep Cuts (8/30/2018): The US makes massive cuts in aid to Palestine. Music: Maysa Daw - “Your Eyes” (Spotify | Apple Music)

This week, Turkey held a highly-anticipated re-run election to pick the next mayor of their largest city, Istanbul. And now it’s a battle for the heart of the nation after the CHP, its main opposition party, has found itself reinvigorated after winning the mayoralty by a substantial margin. How have people reacted? And are President Erdogan and the ruling AKP losing political ground? Phil and Cooper explain the timeline of events leading to this week’s election, and speak with Al-Monitor contributor Diego Cupolo about what’s happening on the ground in Turkey. Opposition candidate wins Istanbul mayor's race in blow to AKP (Diego Cupolo) Intel: How Turkey just shattered many voters' already fractured trust in their democracy Polls show opposition candidate ahead as Istanbul rerun nears (Ayla Jean Yackley) As Istanbul celebrates, Erdogan-watchers hold breath (Amberin Zaman) Why Erdogan’s historic Istanbul defeat is irreparable (Kadri Gürsel) Extra Listening: Episode #79, Mr. 4000 (12/5/2018): Ayla Jean Yackley speaks with Phil and Cooper about Turkey’s economic troubles and how it relates to the 2019 local elections. Episode #94, Ready Mayor One (4/4/2019): The rundown on Turkey’s local elections in March 2019. Music: Nazan Şoray ‎– “Hal Hal” (Spotify | Apple Music)

More tensions building between the United States and Iran this week: there was the prospect of a military strike after an American drone was shot down over by Iranian forces, as well as more sanctions, more troops to the Middle East, and an Iranian threat of enriching more uranium. Phil and Cooper give you the definitive timeline of events that led to these recent spats, accelerating due to the Trump Administration’s “maximum pressure” campaign on Iran. Also, is the Iran Nuclear Deal finished? And how have Iranians been affected by recent sanctions? We speak with Al-Monitor Iran Pulse contributors to get more color from the region. US blames Iran for Gulf tanker attack (Jack Detsch) Intel: What's next for US-Iran tensions after drone downing (Amberin Zaman) US sanctions fail to bend Iran’s economy, expert says (Jack Detsch) Iran says not seeking war after announcing boost in uranium stockpile Asia buoys Iran as sanctions hit (Barbara Slavin) How incompetence, sanctions jointly hit Iran’s economy (Bijan Khajehpour) Extra Listening: Episode #62, Pompeo and Circumstances (7/26/2018): Secretary of State Pompeo gives an anti-Iran speech that served as the unofficial launch for the Trump Administration’s “maximum pressure” campaign against the country. Episode #51, Deal or No Deal (5/3/2018): Trump gets ready to pull out of the Iran Nuclear Deal after Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu gives him some enthralling (and old) intelligence on Iran. Episode #52, JCP-No-Way (5/10/2018): Trump withdraws from the Iran Nuclear Deal. Episode #64, The Sound of Sanctions (8/10/2018): Phil and Cooper discuss the first round of Trump’s new sanctions on Iran. Episode #76, The Sound of Sanctions, Part II (11/7/2018): Phil and Cooper speak with Barbara Slavin about the second round of new sanctions, and how they’ve already affected Iran’s economy. Episode #87,  Over the Hill (2/15/2019): A history of Iran’s political revolution in 1979 that has led to endless diplomatic tensions with the United States. Episode #99, Under Pressure (5/17/2019): Our most recent report on tensions between the US and Iran. Music: Rana Farhan - “Chooni” (Spotify | Apple Music)

The Trump Administration’s strong rhetoric following this week’s attacks on oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman is just another example of their maximum pressure campaign on Iran. Because of this, there are conversations in Congress about how the president’s office is utilizing war powers - the power to declare, and to sell weapons to other countries. What loopholes have Trump’s team been taking advantage of? And how have been lawmakers responded? Phil and Cooper discuss the laws in question and get some key reports from Al-Monitor’s congressional correspondent Bryant Harris. Democrats want to tie Trump’s hands on Iran. Here are their options. (Bryant Harris) Democrats move to defund Yemen war after veto defeat (Bryant Harris) Democrats fret over Iran escalation risk (Bryant Harris) Republicans rebuke Trump over Gulf arms sales (Bryant Harris) Sen. Van Hollen challenges Trump's bypass of Congress on Saudi Arabia, Iran Congress opens several new fronts in bid to block Gulf arms sales US blames Iran for Gulf tanker attack (Jack Detsch)   Extra Listening: Episode #8, A Hollow Orb for the King (5/31/2017): The US and Saudi Arabia sign a prospective arms deal totaling $350 billion over ten years. Episode #75, Crown Control (10/31/2018): A conversation with Al-Monitor columnist Bruce Riedel about the Saudi Crown Prince and his controversial policy decisions. Episode #77, Backing Out (11/14/2018): Phil and Cooper talk with Pentagon correspondent Jack Detsch about American military support for the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen. Music: Mashrou’ Leila - “Cavalry” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Last week, something unprecedented happened in Israel: After a bruising election, no party was able to form a government. So, their legislature, the Knesset, disbanded and decided to hold an entirely new election this September. There’s a lot at stake for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s over the next fourteen weeks, with indictments looming and party feuds brewing. So how did this all happen? And what waits ahead for Netanyahu? Phil and Cooper break down the timeline of events and speak with Israel Pulse columnist Akiva Eldar for more insight. Why Israel is voting again (Danny Zaken) Why new elections won’t save Israel’s democracy (Akiva Eldar) Israel’s Knesset in limbo (Mazal Mualem) The final round: Netanyahu versus Liberman (Ben Caspit) Protests spread against Netanyahu’s immunity law (Ben Caspit) Will Israeli Arabs come out to vote in September? (Akiva Eldar) Sen. Van Hollen challenges Trump's bypass of Congress on Saudi Arabia, Iran (Bryant Harris) Extra Listening: Episode #18, Netanya-Who, Me? (8/16/2017): Phil and Cooper break down the investigations into Netanyahu. Episode #78, Honey I Shrunk My Coalition (11/29/2018): Phil, Cooper, and Danny Zaken discuss Netanyahu’s political majority falling apart after the departure of Avigdor Liberman along with threats of other cabinet members leaving. Episode #89, Alliance Defiance (2/28/2019): Phil and Cooper explain the Blue & White Coalition and how it was becoming a serious threat to Netanyahu’s leadership, and talk with Mazal Mualem about Bibi’s alliance with far-right parties. Episode #90, Nobody Puts Bibi in the Corner (3/7/2019): Ben Caspit joins the podcast to talk about the announcement about Netanyahu’s potential indictment, and how it will affect him in the April elections. Episode #95, Breaking Benjamin (4/12/2019): Danny Zaken speaks with the podcast about the April election results. Music: A-WA - “Hana Mash Hu Al Yaman” (Spotify | Apple Music)

For “Off the Hookah’s” 100th episode, Phil and Cooper take a (figurative) trip to the legendary Nile River to talk about its importance to Egyptian life throughout history. But between a population boom, climate change, and new dam construction, the river is running dry, affecting the livelihoods of millions. In association with Al-Monitor’s new longform report, “Death of the Nile,” editor Julian Pecquet joins the podcast for a conversation with its author, Egypt Pulse contributor Ayah Aman, for the story behind the story. Death of the Nile (Ayah Aman) Egypt intensifies diplomatic efforts to resume stalled talks over Ethiopia dam (Sept. 2018) Will drought fuel water conflict between Cairo, Addis Ababa? (April 2016) Egypt supports South Sudan to secure Nile share (Feb. 2015) Egypt seeks Saudi help on Ethiopia water dispute (March 2014) In switch, Egypt may join Ethiopia in Nile Dam project (Oct. 2013) Music: Nathalie Saba - “Fe Nas” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Over the past two weeks, we’ve seen the Trump Administration levy more sanctions and other warnings towards Iran, reaching the inevitable stage where news chyrons and pundit panels have started drumming up the possibility of another overseas war. Phil and Cooper explain the recent back-and-forth between the US and Iran, and speak with the experts from Al-Monitor to learn more about what’s happening behind the curtains. Pro-Iran militia leader lashes out against Pompeo visit to Baghdad (Ali Mamouri) Trump names Iran’s IRGC terror organization, downplaying risks to US troops, Iraq stability (Laura Rozen) Iran condemns, reciprocates designation of IRGC as terrorist organization Intel: Navy downplays Iran hawks' messaging on latest deployment (Jack Detsch) Iran: UAE sabotage incident should be no excuse for US ‘adventurism’ 'Neither talks nor war,' Khamenei says of US-Iran tensions Iranian FM calls military action against Iran 'political suicide' If Rouhani’s Europe outreach fails, nuclear deal could collapse (Rohollah Faghihi) Extra Listening: Episode #62, Pompeo and Circumstances (7/26/2018): Secretary of State Pompeo gives an anti-Iran speech that served as the unofficial launch for the Trump Administration’s “maximum pressure” campaign against the country. Episode #51, Deal or No Deal (5/3/2018): Trump gets ready to pull out of the Iran Nuclear Deal after Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu gives him some enthralling (and old) intelligence on Iran. Episode #52, JCP-No-Way (5/10/2018): Trump withdraws from the Iran Nuclear Deal. Episode #64, The Sound of Sanctions (8/10/2018): Phil and Cooper discuss the first round of Trump’s new sanctions on Iran. Episode #76, The Sound of Sanctions, Part II (11/7/2018): Phil and Cooper speak with Barbara Slavin about the second round of new sanctions, and how they’ve already affected Iran’s economy. Episode #87, Over the Hill (2/15/2019): A history of Iran’s political revolution in 1979 that has led to endless diplomatic tensions with the United States. Music: Mehrpouya - “Dokhtare Shab” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Relations between Turkey and the United States have seen better days, and the partnership is being tested once again with conflicting arms deals. The Turkish military has decided to buy both American-made F-35 fighter jets and Russian-made S-400 missile systems. What’s so special about these jets and missiles, and why is this a big deal? Phil and Cooper answer these questions and speak with the experts at Al-Monitor to get more insight. Turkey exerts its own leverage in F-35 jet standoff with US (Metin Gurcan) Can US convince Turkey to undo ‘done deal’ with Russia? (Metin Gurcan) As Turkey drifts away from the US, will Russia give it what it wants? (Semih Idiz) Is Erdogan’s trust in Trump in the S-400/F-35 standoff misplaced? (Semih Idiz) Why Turkey’s reliance on Trump for S-400 sanctions waiver appears misguided (Jack Detsch) Intel: How the US, Turkey got into standoff over Russia’s S-400 air defense system (Jack Detsch)   Extra Listening: Episode #2, Back Up in Ya A** With the Referendum (4/19/2017): President Erdogan furthers his grip on power with a constitutional referendum. Episode #6, The Ottoman Empire Strikes Back (5/17/2017): A look into Erdogan’s paranoia over Fetullah Gulen and his purported role in the 2016 Turkey coup d’etat. Episode #39, The Road to Rojava (2/1/2018): Turkey begins a military operation to remove the Kurds from northern Syria. Episode #64, The Sound of Sanctions (8/10/2018): President Trump puts sanctions on Turkey. Episode #65, The Brunson Ultimatum (8/15/2018): Tensions rise between the US and Turkey over the imprisonment of American pastor Andrew Brunson Music: Sakin – “Denek Hayatım” (Spotify | Apple Music)

This week, Egyptians voted on a referendum that would amend their constitution and give their sitting president, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the opportunity to rule for another ten years. Who is Sisi? How did he come to power? And why is he such a controversial figure? Phil and Cooper discuss Sisi’s meteoric rise from Egypt’s military brass to the presidential palace, as well as the effects of this week’s contentious vote. Proposal to extend Sisi's term sparks controversy in Egypt (Shahira Amin) Cowed Egyptians meet Sisi’s power grab with apathy (Shahira Amin) Egypt gears up for referendum (Rania Rabeaa Elabd) Senators rebuke Egypt as White House rolls out red carpet for Sisi (Bryant Harris) Extra Listening: Episode #2, Back Up In Your A** With the Referendum (4/19/2017): Turkey votes on a referendum to give President Recep Tayyip Erdogan more power. Episode #47, A Glance of Gaza (4/5/2018): Egypt’s presidential election sees President Sisi win with a whopping 97% of the vote. Episodes #83 & #84, The Jasmine Revolution Part I (1/17/2019) & Part II (1/24/2019): Phil and Cooper speak with Emir Sfaxi about the beginning of Tunisia’s revolution, which kickstarted the Arab Spring, and with Amberin Zaman about her recent reporting in Tunisia after the anniversary. Music: Al Massrieen - “Sah” (Spotify | Apple Music)

A lot has been happening in North Africa. In Algeria, its president of 20 years has stepped down in the face of unprecedented mass protests, and in Libya, the battle between its two rival governments is coming to a head as an infamous general has begun an offensive to take the capital city of Tripoli. Whew! Just reading that sentence is a lot to digest, so Phil and Cooper break down the timeline of events, and what might come next. Algerian protesters reject military's gambit to maintain power (Simon Cordall) Is Bouteflika’s resignation enough to quell Algerian protests? (Simon Cordall) Protests drag on as Algerians demand real change (Simon Cordall) The emerging frontrunners in Algeria’s uncertain election (Ghada Hamrouche) The backstory to Hifter’s march on Tripoli (Jason Pack) US eyes bigger role for Libyan warlord as civil war looms (Jack Detsch) Extra Listening: Episode #91, The Fifth Time’s the Charm (3/14/2019): Phil and Cooper discuss the growing protests in Algeria over President Abdelaziz Bouteflika’s decision to run for a fifth term. Episode #55, From Tripoli to Tobruk (5/31/2018): Libya currently has two rival governments fighting to be recognized - one in Tripoli, the other in Tobruk. Who are they, and why can’t they get along? Music: Souad Massi - “Ghir Enta” (Spotify | Apple Music)

The Israeli election was held this week, and the results have found Prime Minister Netanyahu and his primary opponent Benny Gantz tied with 35 Knesset seats each. So why is Netanyahu still being hailed as the victor? Phil and Cooper discuss the events leading up to the election and Netanyahu’s path forward with Al-Monitor Israel Pulse contributor Danny Zaken. Israeli right's election victory buys more time for Netanyahu (Ben Caspit) Likud’s election day dirty tricks (Shlomi Eldar) Israel’s election battles fought on social networks, not at mass rallies (Mazal Mualem) How Netanyahu is in good shape to win re-election despite trailing his rival (Danny Zaken) Extra Listening: Episode #78, Honey I Shrunk My Coalition (11/29/2018): Phil, Cooper, and Danny Zaken discuss Netanyahu’s political majority falling apart after the departure of Avigdor Liberman along with threats of other cabinet members leaving. Episode #89, Alliance Defiance (2/28/2019): Phil and Cooper explain the Blue & White Coalition and how it was becoming a serious threat to Netanyahu’s leadership, and talk with Mazal Mualem about Bibi’s alliance with far-right parties. Episode #90, Nobody Puts Bibi in the Corner (3/7/2019): Ben Caspit joins the podcast to talk about the announcement about Netanyahu’s potential indictment, and how it will affect him in the April elections. Music: Elisha Banai & the Forty Thieves - “Barcelona” (Spotify | Apple Music)

Turkey held local elections this past Sunday - these elections happen every five years and account for thousands of mayors and councilors across the country. But President Erdogan’s party, the AKP, was defeated in some of Turkey’s largest cities. What do these losses mean for Turkey? And why are these elections important? Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor Turkey Pulse contributor Ayla Jean Yackley about the results and their implications. How Turkey's local elections mark rebuke for Erdogan's one-man rule (ALM Intel) Turkey's ruling AKP loses Ankara, Istanbul as opposition springs to life (Amberin Zaman) Turkey’s milestone elections shatter Erdogan’s air of invincibility (Cengiz Candar) Erdogan’s government in panic over risk of electoral defeats (Kadri Gursel) Turkey’s army of jobless swelling to record level (Mustafa Sonmez) Extra Listening: Episode #79, Mr. 4000 (12/5/2018): Ayla Jean Yackley speaks with Phil and Cooper about Turkey’s economic troubles and how it relates to the 2019 local elections. Music: Ayben - “Bilene Sor” (Spotify | Apple Music)

With less than two weeks away until Israel’s general election, President Trump met with Prime Minister Netanyahu, and made a proclamation to recognize the Golan Heights as Israeli territory. You might have a lot of questions - where are the Golan Heights, what makes it so important, and who does it belong to? Phil and Cooper discuss this and more in this week’s episode. New heights of irresponsibility over the Golan (Akiva Eldar) Pompeo in Jerusalem, bearing gifts for Netanyahu (Danny Zaken) How Trump's Golan decision will further frustrate Mideast peace process (Laura Rozen) Republicans push to lock in Trump’s shift on Golan Heights (Bryant Harris) Russia weighs in on Trump’s Golan Heights decision (Max Suchkov) Extra Listening: Episode #34, Quds You Be More Wrong? (12/13/2017): Phil and Cooper discuss President Trump’s decision to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Music: Carthago - “Hanen” (Spotify | iTunes | Bandcamp)

Phil and Cooper discuss the Nowruz holiday - what are its origins? Who celebrates it, and how do you celebrate it? Also, Al-Monitor’s Congressional Correspondent Bryant Harris joins to discuss where the current round of 2020 presidential candidates stand on the question of the Iran Nuclear Deal. Iran’s Islamic authorities slowly embrace ancient Festival of Fire (Zahra Alipour) 2020 Democrats vow to re-enter Iran nuclear deal (Bryant Harris) Music: Various Artists - “Haji Firooz” (Spotify | YouTube)

In the last month, Algeria has seen historic protests form over the announcement of their long-suffering president Abdelaziz Bouteflika’s candidacy for a fifth term in office. Phil and Cooper recap Bouteflika’s backstory and what’s happened since the protests began. Also, the Iranian president makes his strategic first visit to Iraq, but what makes it so important? Algeria gambles on old captain to chart new waters (Simon Cordall) Will Algerian protesters accept ailing president’s offer for reforms? (Simon Cordall) Why Algerian protesters aren't satisfied with Bouteflika's latest 'concession' (Simon Cordall) Rouhani in Baghdad seeks outlets against US sanctions (Ali Mamouri) Iraqi officials stress need to boost Arab ties while balancing relations with Iran (Ali Mamouri) Rouhani goes to Iraq to boost trade, assert authority at home (Mohammad Shabani) Iran's hard-liners praise Rouhani for boosting trade with Iraq (Al-Monitor Staff) Extra Listening: Episode #4, Weekend at Bouteflika’s (5/3/2017): Phil and Cooper discuss Algeria's legislative elections and the mystery behind President Bouteflika. Episode #70, Cheddar Chatter (9/20/2018): Iraq's parliament elects a new speaker, Phil and Cooper talk about what the choice says about the new relationship between Iraq and Iran. Episode #72, Mystery at the Consulate (10/12/2018): Iraq's nomination for prime minister is another sign of Iranian influence in the country. Music: Zaho - “Laissez-les Kouma” (feat. MHD) (Spotify | iTunes)

Big news from Israel dropped last week: the attorney general Avichai Mandelblit formally indicted Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on charges of bribery and fraud from three different investigations. After our discussion about Netanyahu’s tight polling on next month’s elections, how will these indictments affect his chances? Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor columnist Ben Caspit for his expertise on Bibi. Netanyahu fights for his political life (Ben Caspit) Intel: How Netanyahu’s indictment is scrambling Israeli politics a month before elections (Danny Zaken) Extra Listening: Episode #18, “Netanya-Who, Me?” (8/16/2017): Phil and Cooper review the multiple investigations against Netanyahu. Episode #33, “Bibi It’s Cold Outside” (12/6/2017): Ben Caspit makes his first appearance on the podcast and talks Bibi with us. Episode #79, “Mr. 4000” (12/5/2018): Ben makes his second appearance and discusses the impending indictments on Netanyahu. Music: Mercedes Band - “למה מוזר” (Spotify | YouTube)

There’s a new political force building steam in Israel by the name of Blue & White: a coalition of smaller centrist parties managed by former IDF Chief Benny Gantz and former journalist Yair Lapid. With the upcoming elections in April, Prime Minister Netanyahu and his Likud Party's hold on the government might be in jeopardy. Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor columnist Mazal Mualem regarding these developments. Note: This episode was recorded before the announcement of Prime Minister Netanyahu’s indictment on Thursday. Netanyahu’s successful operation of unifying the far right (Mazal Mualem) Can a centrist party win Israel's elections? (Mazal Mualem) Intel: How a center-left coalition has thrown Netanyahu’s re-election in doubt (Danny Zaken) Could new Israeli party topple Netanyahu’s Likud? (Ben Caspit) Netanyahu’s radical-right alliance rattles AIPAC's allegiance (Akiva Eldar) Netanyahu goes it alone (Mazal Mualem) Podcast: Hosted by Mazal Mualem, “In the Neighborhood" Music: Eliad - “Mexico” (Spotify | iTunes)

US foreign policy on the Middle East was put to the test at two recent conferences - the Warsaw Summit and the Munich Security Conference. How are the Trump administration’s positions on Iran and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict being received on the global stage? Phil and Cooper explore what went down in the last week. Trump allies hijack Warsaw summit with calls for Iran war, regime change (Laura Rozen) Iranian opposition unwelcome at Pompeo’s anti-Iran bash (Amberin Zaman) Will Warsaw summit unite US, EU against Iran? (Heidarali Masoudi) Veteran peace hands see growing Israeli-Arab alignment in Warsaw (Laura Rozen) Jordanians see Israel as only winner at Warsaw summit (Osama al Sharif) Zarif’s defense of Iran's missile program draws praise on social media (ALM Staff) Music: Model - “Değmesin Ellerimiz” (Spotify | iTunes)

In conjunction with Al-Monitor’s ‘Revolution at 40’ series, Phil and Cooper break down the events that led to the rise of the Islamic Republic, and speak with Iran Pulse editor Mohammad Shabani about the revolution after four decades. What’s changed for Iranians, and is the revolution still ongoing? ‘Revolution at 40’: More in-depth looks into this anniversary from Al-Monitor Iran Pulse contributors. Episode #66, ‘A River Runs Through It’: Phil and Cooper break down the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s. Music: O-Hum - “Darvish” (Spotify | iTunes)

Since last year’s midterm elections, a new branch of Congressional freshmen have been shaking up the political world. How has this diverse group of progressive lawmakers been challenging the status quo with U.S. policy in the Middle East? Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor’s congressional correspondent Bryant Harris about the recent spat between New York Rep. Eliot Engel and newcomer Rep. Rashida Tlaib of Michigan over the Israel-Palestine conflict, and the battle over the pro-Palestinian Boycott-Divestment-Sanctions (BDS) movement. Be sure to check out Al-Monitor’s running blog following legislation on the BDS movement in Congress. Top Democrat on foreign affairs shoots down pro-Palestinian trips (Bryant Harris)  Intel: How the latest freshman-establishment spat is laying bare Democrats’ Palestinian problem (Bryant Harris) Senate’s first anti-BDS bill faces uncertain future in House (Bryant Harris)  Music: Wael Kfoury – “Maghrorah” (Spotify | iTunes)

Syria is eight years into its civil conflict, leaving hundreds of thousands dead and displaced, its infrastructure in ruins, and yet President Bashar al-Assad still clings onto power. Now that President Trump has decided to withdraw all US military from Syria, there’s an opportunity for influence in the region. So why are countries trying to renormalize relations with the besieged Assad government, and what’s the bigger picture? Phil and Cooper break it down for you. Also, Erdogan’s green new deal. Jordan, Syria make headway in resuming normal ties (Osama al Sharif) Iran media on Bashir trip to Syria: Arab states have accepted reality of Assad EU says it’s premature for Syria to rejoin Arab League (Ahmed Aleem) Tunisia joins Arab efforts to mend ties with Syria’s Assad (Amel al-Hilali) If US backtracks in Syria, Iraq hopes to fill its shoes (Mustafa Saadoun) Gulf states slowly warm to Damascus (Giorgio Cafiero) US-Gulf tensions mount over restrictions on Syria reconstruction (Giorgio Cafiero) Assad’s reconciliation with Arab world could upend Turkey’s plans (Semih Idiz) Erdogan's newfound love for cannabis (Pinar Tremblay) Music: Assala Nasri - "Ya Magnon" (Spotify | iTunes)  

The second of our two-part series on the anniversary of Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution, which led to the fall of their longtime dictator Ben Ali and the birth of the Arab Spring. Eight years later, Tunisia is considered to be the sole success story of the Spring, as they have been transitioning into a democracy since the revolution. Al-Monitor’s senior correspondent Amberin Zaman joins Phil and Cooper on this week’s podcast and discusses her recent travels to Tunisia, her meetings with their historic Truth and Dignity Commission, the security situation on their borders, and what lies ahead for the country. Tunisia’s democracy on life support as politicians squabble (Amberin Zaman) Tunisians cautiously optimistic as truth commission delivers final report (Amberin Zaman) How Tunisia’s main labor union cripples economic reform (Amberin Zaman) Music: Si Lemhaf – “Ay Ay Ay” (Spotify | YouTube)

The first of a two-part episode, Phil and Cooper reflect on Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution on its eight-year anniversary – and how the fall of Ben Ali precipitated the Arab Spring which changed the region forever. Our hosts speak with Tunisian Fulbright Scholar and public policy consultant Emir Sfaxi about the Ben Ali regime, how the government reformed after his fall, and his own experiences during the revolution. Music: Nour Harkati & Aytma – “R’mel” (Soundcloud | Tour Dates)

Before 2018 closed, President Trump announced that he would be withdrawing US troops from Syria now. Or did he mean within 30 days? Or four months? Phil and Cooper discuss the recent walk backs from the administration, and speak with Al-Monitor’s diplomatic correspondent Laura Rozen about Secretary Pompeo and John Bolton’s trips to the Middle East this week to smooth over everything. Congress slams Trump on Syria pullout (Bryant Harris) Trump’s Syria pullout shakes up US Mideast policy (Jack Detsch)  US diplomats shaken by Trump decision to exit Syria (Laura Rozen) Trump signals possible flexibility on pace of Syria withdrawal (Laura Rozen) How Israeli senior officials deal with an unpredictable Trump (Ben Caspit) Pompeo heads to Mideast to stress 'US not going anywhere' (Laura Rozen) Rival fiefdoms emerge in scramble over Trump's Syria withdrawal (Laura Rozen) Music: Gaye Su Akyol – “İstikrarlı Hayal Hakikattir” (iTunes | Spotify)

How will we miss 2018? Let me count the ways. Alright, we’re done - let’s get this year over with. Phil and Cooper speak with Al-Monitor’s Congressional Correspondent Bryant Harris about the recent Senate vote on Yemen, and we will hear from him and many other Al-Monitor editors and columnists about their predictions for the coming year, featuring Mazal Mualem, Daoud Kuttab, Laura Rozen, Mohammad Shabbani, Ali Mamouri, Amberin Zaman, and Max Suchkov. Also, give a warm welcome to guest host, the late John McLaughlin. This is the last episode of 2018, see you in January! Senate votes to end US involvement in Yemen war (Bryant Harris)  Music: Fairuz – “Laylet Eid” (iTunes | Spotify)

Turkish rock, also known as Anadolu rock, is witnessing a rebirth as a new generation of Turks and even Western audiences discover a genre of music that defined Turkey in the 1960s and 1970s but had faded away…until now. Phil and Cooper talk about the history of rock music in Turkey and speak with Gokhan Yucel who, through his Anatolian Rock Revival Project, is on the forefront of reintroducing Turkey’s legendary rockers to the world. Good luck getting these songs out of your head. Anatolian Rock Revival Project (YouTube) Can Turkish psychedelic music go global? (Kenan Sharpe) Anatolian Rock Playlist by Al-Monitor (Spotify) Music: Cem Keraca - "Emrah" (Spotify | iTunes)