POPULARITY
De la Révolution des Œillets à la Révolution du Jasmin, en passant par la rose du Parti socialiste, de tous temps, les fleurs ont symbolisé et accompagné les mouvements politiques. La photo a fait le tour du monde. La Fille à la fleur, une photo de Marc Riboud lors d'une manifestation aux États-Unis contre la guerre du Vietnam, en 1967. Une lycéenne oppose aux baïonnettes des soldats une fleur de chrysanthème. C'est le Flower Power, le pouvoir des fleurs, le slogan du mouvement hippie des années 1960 et 1970.Au Portugal, en avril 1974, c'est la saison des œillets. Et une fleuriste en offre à des militaires, en chemin pour renverser la dictature, la fleur au fusil. C'est la Révolution des Œillets. Trente-six ans puis tard, c'est la Révolution du Jasmin, au pays du jasmin, la Tunisie. Ben Ali s'enfuit. Son parfum entêtant (le parfum du jasmin, pas celui de Ben Ali) gagne les pays de la région pour donner les printemps arabes – la plupart des fleurs fleurissent au printemps.Fleurs des champs de batailleL'emblème des Nations unies, ce n'est pas un, mais deux rameaux d'olivier, le symbole de la paix. Mais depuis 1945, l'olivier a perdu beaucoup de feuilles… Avant cela, au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, le coquelicot et le bleuet, qui poussent sur des sols ingrats, sont les premiers à fleurir sur les champs de bataille, champs de ruine de l'humanité. Pour se souvenir de la barbarie, les Anglais choisissent les premiers le coquelicot, rouge sang, Les Français, le bleuet, bleu comme l'uniforme des soldats morts pour la France. Les rois de France, eux, avaient comme emblème une fleur de lys. C'était en réalité un iris, depuis que Clovis fut sauvé par une biche dans un champ d'iris.Roses et épinesEt puis il y a la rose, qui a donné son nom à une guerre, la Guerre des Deux Roses. Une guerre civile, en Angleterre, au XVe siècle, entre deux maisons royales, l'une représentée par une rose blanche et l'autre par une rose rouge. Un mariage met fin à la guerre. Et l'Angleterre se choisit comme emblème une rose rouge au cœur blanc.La rose au poing, c'est l'emblème du Parti socialiste, en France, choisi par François Mitterrand en 1971, dix ans avant son élection. « Moi, j'aime les fleurs, déclare le futur président, lors d'un débat télévisé en 1972. Je ne suis pas un très grand jardinier, et les roses, c'est calé ! C'est particulièrement difficile à entretenir ! Alors une rose, pour le Parti socialiste, c'est un symbole : c'est pas facile, on s'y écorche un peu les doigts... Mais c'est beau ! » Le symbole est beau.
Plusieurs dizaines de manifestants se sont rassemblés à Tunis pour réclamer la libération des opposants et protester contre la politique du président Kais Saied, au 14e anniversaire de la révolution de 2011 et de la chute du dictateur Ben Ali. Les manifestations incessantes à partir du 17 décembre 2010 qui firent fuir le dictateur Zine El Abidine Ben Ali le 14 janvier, marquent le début des Printemps arabes.
En Tunisie, quatorze ans après la chute du dictateur Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, l'avenue Habib-Bourguiba à Tunis reste encore un symbole pour beaucoup de Tunisiens. Si la date de l'anniversaire de la révolution tunisienne n'est plus officiellement le 14 janvier, jour du départ de Ben Ali, ce jour reste ancré dans les mémoires, quatorze ans plus tard, de ceux qui l'ont vécu de près. De notre correspondante en Tunisie,Dans le café Bonaparte, à quelques mètres de l'avenue Habib-Bourguiba à Tunis en Tunisie, Romdhane Drissi, 69 ans, s'affaire derrière le comptoir. Ce cafetier a toujours travaillé à proximité de l'avenue Bourguiba depuis quarante ans. Le 14 janvier 2011, il était vendeur de costumes pour hommes dans une boutique de l'avenue :« Je me souviens du dernier discours de Ben Ali à la télé, celui qui a précédé sa chute. C'était vraiment un mauvais discours. Et ensuite, le lendemain, je suis allé au travail, j'ai ouvert la boutique et j'ai tout vu. Les manifestants qui affluaient, ceux qui ont crié devant le ministère de l'Intérieur. C'était vraiment un grand jour pour moi, même si je n'en comprenais pas l'ampleur. »Aujourd'hui, Romdhane fait partie des déçus de la révolution et ne célébrera pas le 14 janvier. « Comme beaucoup de Tunisiens, je n'aime pas trop me remémorer la révolution, et j'espère qu'on n'en fera pas une autre. La situation économique ne s'est pas du tout améliorée après la révolution », souligne-t-il.À lire aussiTunisie: une révolution confisquée?La librairie El Kitab résiste à sa manièreD'autres restent fidèles à la mémoire de la date du 14 janvier comme Salma Jabbes, la propriétaire de la librairie El Kitab, symbole culturel de l'avenue Habib-Bourguiba :« Tous nos libraires venaient tous les jours. Certains venaient à pied, certains se débrouillaient, mais venaient quand même. On a tenu bon parce que pour nous, c'était très important d'être présents, d'être là pour les manifestants. Très souvent, on ouvrait les portes pour faire rentrer les manifestants qui passaient rien que pour les faire ressortir par les portes de derrière. »Quelques jours après la chute du dictateur, la librairie met en vitrine tous les livres interdits à l'époque de Ben Ali. Un engagement qu'elle assume jusqu'à aujourd'hui :« Le contrôle sur les livres, sur la presse, sur les médias de manière générale, se fait de manière un peu insidieuse, où on essaye d'obliger les gens à faire de l'autocensure. Or, nous, depuis toujours, depuis la création de la librairie – c'était ma mère à l'époque qui avait démarré –, on n'a jamais voulu céder à ces pressions. »Et dans la vitrine, la liberté d'expression est présente avec le livre d'un collectif de chercheurs, intitulé Le Pouvoir d'un seul. Ce mardi 14 janvier, si des manifestations d'opposants politiques sont prévues, la librairie restera ouverte, comme chaque année.À lire aussiTunisie, 10 ans après la révolution, «beaucoup d'échecs, mais aussi beaucoup d'espoir» (Alaa Talbi)
En cette fin d'année, le pôle Multimédias du journal prend quelques jours de vacances. Dès lundi prochain, on vous proposera des contenus inédits pour bien terminer l'année. Cette semaine, on réécoute quelques épisodes phares. Ce lundi plongée dans un passé proche, il y a à peine deux semaines, on revenait sur la situation en Syrie après la chute de Bachar El Assad.En février 2011, après la chute de Ben Ali en Tunisie et celle de Moubarak en Egypte, un groupe d'adolescents de Deraa, dans le sud de la Syrie, avait inscrit sur un mur «Jay alek el ddor ya doctor«. «Ton tour arrive docteur». Une allusion pas du tout voilée à l'ophtalmologue Bachar El Assad. 14 ans plus tard, le tour du docteur est venu. 14 ans de guerre civile et de guerre tout court. 14 ans de massacres, de torture et de meurtres de masse.En 10 jours, les Syriens ont mis fin à 54 ans de dictature, après une offensive fulgurante de groupes rebelles menée par HTS, un groupe islamiste radical. Yahia Hakoum a fui la Syrie il y a un peu plus de 10 ans. Il est aujourd'hui doctorant à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales de Paris. Il est passé en studio pour nous aider à comprendre le sentiment qui habite les Syriens aujourd'hui et pour répondre à toutes les questions que l'on peut se poser sur l'avenir du pays.« À propos », c'est notre sélection de l'actualité, du lundi au vendredi dès 5 heures sur Le Soir et votre plateforme de podcasts préférée. Retrouvez tous les podcasts du journal « Le Soir » sur https://podcasts.lesoir.be
En février 2011, après la chute de Ben Ali en Tunisie et celle de Moubarak en Egypte, un groupe d'adolescents de Deraa, dans le sud de la Syrie, avait inscrit sur un mur «Jay alek el ddor ya doctor«. «Ton tour arrive docteur». Une allusion pas du tout voilée à l'ophtalmologue Bachar El Assad. 14 ans plus tard, le tour du docteur est venu. 14 ans de guerre civile et de guerre tout court. 14 ans de massacres, de torture et de meurtres de masse.En 10 jours, les Syriens ont mis fin à 54 ans de dictature, après une offensive fulgurante de groupes rebelles menée par HTS, un groupe islamiste radical. Yahia Hakoum a fui la Syrie il y a un peu plus de 10 ans. Il est aujourd'hui doctorant à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales de Paris. Il est passé en studio pour nous aider à comprendre le sentiment qui habite les Syriens aujourd'hui et pour répondre à toutes les questions que l'on peut se poser sur l'avenir du pays.« À propos », c'est notre sélection de l'actualité, du lundi au vendredi dès 5 heures sur Le Soir et votre plateforme de podcasts préférée. Retrouvez tous les podcasts du journal « Le Soir » sur https://podcasts.lesoir.be
La situation au Proche-Orient est toujours suivie avec attention par les médias du continent et la Syrie, bien sûr, ne fait pas exception…« Syrie: les rebelles annoncent avoir renversé le président Bachar el-Assad », s'exclame WakatSéra à Ouagadougou.« Lâché par la Russie, offensive fulgurante des rebelles : ce qui a perdu Bachar el-Assad », titre WalfQuotidien à Dakar. Le quotidien sénégalais qui s'alarme : « la chute du régime de Bachar el-Assad, jadis présenté comme un “président réformateur“, mais qui est devenu un “autocrate sanguinaire“, plonge la Syrie dans le chaos, et met le Moyen-Orient au bord de l'implosion. Et pour cause, à peine le cessez-le feu décrété entre Israël et le Hezbollah libanais, la guerre s'est réveillée en Syrie. Le Proche-Orient risque ainsi de s'embraser à nouveau, là où l'on ne l'attendait pas ».Le site ivoirien Afrique sur 7 revient sur les raisons de cette chute : « la révolution de 2011, en parallèle du printemps arabe, n'a offert au peuple Syrien ni vainqueur ni vaincu mais une désolation totale. (…) À cela s'ajoute l'ampleur des sanctions économiques et l'isolement diplomatique imposées par la Communauté internationale. L'ancien président syrien était affaibli de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur. (Des années durant) des milliers de Syriens ont préféré quitter le pays, à la recherche de la paix loin des canons et des bombardements. C'est pour ces raisons que l'offensive lancée fin novembre par la coalition des rebelles a eu raison du régime de Bachar el-Assad ».Désormais, pointe Afrique sur 7, « il y a la peur de l'inconnu : on craint que la Syrie d'après Bachir el-Assad ne devienne l'Irak d'après Saddam Hussein ». « On croise les doigts… »« La sortie de l'histoire, par la fenêtre, de celui qu'on surnommait le boucher de Damas, rappelle la triste fin de certains chefs d'État africains », relève Le Pays au Burkina Faso. « Ces dirigeants qui ont fui leurs pays respectifs pour se réfugier à l'étranger. On se rappelle encore des cas de Mobutu de l'ex-Zaïre ou encore de Ben Ali de Tunisie, qui, finalement, sont morts, loin des leurs et dans des conditions peu enviables ».Et Le Pays de s'interroger également sur la suite des événements : « maintenant que Bachar el-Assad n'est plus aux affaires, soufflera-t-il un vent de liberté sur la Syrie ? Ou alors la tyrannie continuera-t-elle de prévaloir ? Malgré les assurances qu'il donne, on ne saurait donner le bon Dieu sans confession au leader des rebelles (…). S'il est vrai que Bachar el-Assad n'est pas à plaindre, on ne saurait applaudir de facto l'arrivée de radicaux au pouvoir ; tant ces derniers peuvent être capables de tout. Il faut même craindre que le cas syrien n'ouvre une boîte de Pandore avec tout ce que cela pourrait engendrer comme conséquences. On croise les doigts. Mais en attendant, pointe encore Le Pays, il faut que les grandes puissances, qui ont joué les pyromanes, mettent les bouchées doubles pour assurer le service-après-vente en Syrie, au risque de voir le pays devenir une déglingue, comme c'est le cas de la Lybie, où on ne sait plus qui fait quoi et pourquoi ».« Réjouissons-nous ! »Le Matin d'Algérie s'interroge également : « quelle sera la conséquence de tout ce désastre ? (…) Que sera le destin de la Syrie avec des rebelles victorieux qui se proclament de l'islamisme ? Entre les islamistes, la mosaïque confessionnelle et le morcellement territorial, l'héritage est lourd en Syrie, pointe le site algérien d'opposition. Le monde arabo-musulman en est responsable car pour la gloire et le pouvoir d'un tyran, il faut un peuple qui chante ses louanges, un système militaro-policier qui le protège et des corrompus qui n'ont aucun intérêt à sa chute ».En tout cas, conclut Le Matin d'Algérie : « pour le moment, le tyran est tombé, réjouissons-nous ».Et, pour le site Tunisie Numérique, « on verra bien si cette coalition de rebelles, nébuleuse d'islamistes radicaux et de combattants, est vraiment éprise de liberté et de démocratie. On verra comment tout cela s'emboitera, comment cette mayonnaise très improbable prendra. Ce ne sera pas simple et le succès n'est pas garanti, mais l'essentiel est ailleurs, pointe le site tunisien. Il est dans cette joie profonde, ces liesses populaires qui n'ont rien de factice, ce sentiment de libération nationale, ces prisons qui se vident, des détenus dont certains étaient là sans aucune justification depuis le sombre règne d'Hafez el-Assad. (…) Tout ça, c'est terminé… Enfin, il faut l'espérer ».
En février 2011, après la chute de Ben Ali en Tunisie et celle de Moubarak en Egypte, un groupe d'adolescents de Deraa, dans le sud de la Syrie, avait inscrit sur un mur "Jay alek el ddor ya doctor". "Ton tour arrive docteur". Une allusion pas du tout voilée à l'ophtalmologue Bachar El Assad. 14 ans plus tard, le tour du docteur est venu. 14 ans de guerre civile et de guerre tout court. 14 ans de massacres, de torture et de meurtres de masse.En 10 jours, les Syriens ont mis fin à 54 ans de dictature, après une offensive fulgurante de groupes rebelles menée par HTS, un groupe islamiste radical.Yahia Hakoum a fui la Syrie il y a un peu plus de 10 ans. Il est aujourd'hui doctorant à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales de Paris. Il est passé en studio pour nous aider à comprendre le sentiment qui habite les Syriens aujourd'hui et pour répondre à toutes les questions que l'on peut se poser sur l'avenir du pays.
La situation au Proche-Orient est toujours suivie avec attention par les médias du continent et la Syrie, bien sûr, ne fait pas exception…« Syrie: les rebelles annoncent avoir renversé le président Bachar el-Assad », s'exclame WakatSéra à Ouagadougou.« Lâché par la Russie, offensive fulgurante des rebelles : ce qui a perdu Bachar el-Assad », titre WalfQuotidien à Dakar. Le quotidien sénégalais qui s'alarme : « la chute du régime de Bachar el-Assad, jadis présenté comme un “président réformateur“, mais qui est devenu un “autocrate sanguinaire“, plonge la Syrie dans le chaos, et met le Moyen-Orient au bord de l'implosion. Et pour cause, à peine le cessez-le feu décrété entre Israël et le Hezbollah libanais, la guerre s'est réveillée en Syrie. Le Proche-Orient risque ainsi de s'embraser à nouveau, là où l'on ne l'attendait pas ».Le site ivoirien Afrique sur 7 revient sur les raisons de cette chute : « la révolution de 2011, en parallèle du printemps arabe, n'a offert au peuple Syrien ni vainqueur ni vaincu mais une désolation totale. (…) À cela s'ajoute l'ampleur des sanctions économiques et l'isolement diplomatique imposées par la Communauté internationale. L'ancien président syrien était affaibli de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur. (Des années durant) des milliers de Syriens ont préféré quitter le pays, à la recherche de la paix loin des canons et des bombardements. C'est pour ces raisons que l'offensive lancée fin novembre par la coalition des rebelles a eu raison du régime de Bachar el-Assad ».Désormais, pointe Afrique sur 7, « il y a la peur de l'inconnu : on craint que la Syrie d'après Bachir el-Assad ne devienne l'Irak d'après Saddam Hussein ». « On croise les doigts… »« La sortie de l'histoire, par la fenêtre, de celui qu'on surnommait le boucher de Damas, rappelle la triste fin de certains chefs d'État africains », relève Le Pays au Burkina Faso. « Ces dirigeants qui ont fui leurs pays respectifs pour se réfugier à l'étranger. On se rappelle encore des cas de Mobutu de l'ex-Zaïre ou encore de Ben Ali de Tunisie, qui, finalement, sont morts, loin des leurs et dans des conditions peu enviables ».Et Le Pays de s'interroger également sur la suite des événements : « maintenant que Bachar el-Assad n'est plus aux affaires, soufflera-t-il un vent de liberté sur la Syrie ? Ou alors la tyrannie continuera-t-elle de prévaloir ? Malgré les assurances qu'il donne, on ne saurait donner le bon Dieu sans confession au leader des rebelles (…). S'il est vrai que Bachar el-Assad n'est pas à plaindre, on ne saurait applaudir de facto l'arrivée de radicaux au pouvoir ; tant ces derniers peuvent être capables de tout. Il faut même craindre que le cas syrien n'ouvre une boîte de Pandore avec tout ce que cela pourrait engendrer comme conséquences. On croise les doigts. Mais en attendant, pointe encore Le Pays, il faut que les grandes puissances, qui ont joué les pyromanes, mettent les bouchées doubles pour assurer le service-après-vente en Syrie, au risque de voir le pays devenir une déglingue, comme c'est le cas de la Lybie, où on ne sait plus qui fait quoi et pourquoi ».« Réjouissons-nous ! »Le Matin d'Algérie s'interroge également : « quelle sera la conséquence de tout ce désastre ? (…) Que sera le destin de la Syrie avec des rebelles victorieux qui se proclament de l'islamisme ? Entre les islamistes, la mosaïque confessionnelle et le morcellement territorial, l'héritage est lourd en Syrie, pointe le site algérien d'opposition. Le monde arabo-musulman en est responsable car pour la gloire et le pouvoir d'un tyran, il faut un peuple qui chante ses louanges, un système militaro-policier qui le protège et des corrompus qui n'ont aucun intérêt à sa chute ».En tout cas, conclut Le Matin d'Algérie : « pour le moment, le tyran est tombé, réjouissons-nous ».Et, pour le site Tunisie Numérique, « on verra bien si cette coalition de rebelles, nébuleuse d'islamistes radicaux et de combattants, est vraiment éprise de liberté et de démocratie. On verra comment tout cela s'emboitera, comment cette mayonnaise très improbable prendra. Ce ne sera pas simple et le succès n'est pas garanti, mais l'essentiel est ailleurs, pointe le site tunisien. Il est dans cette joie profonde, ces liesses populaires qui n'ont rien de factice, ce sentiment de libération nationale, ces prisons qui se vident, des détenus dont certains étaient là sans aucune justification depuis le sombre règne d'Hafez el-Assad. (…) Tout ça, c'est terminé… Enfin, il faut l'espérer ».
Pour Bernard Cazeneuve, “ne pas rassembler la famille de la gauche de gouvernement, c'est renoncer à en faire une force crédible d'alternance et donc optimiser le risque de victoire du RN ", donc c'est grave, il faut travailler ensemble. C'est le cas pour Karim Bouamrane et Michaël Delafosse, maire de Montpellier, qui arrivent à s'opposer à une forme de tendance politiquement correcte de la gauche. Selon Ruth Elkrief, c'est une description d'une gauche sociale-démocrate sans complexe, détachée de Jean-Luc Mélenchon. On parle moins, dans le conflit en cours entre Israël et l'Iran, du poids économique de l'Iran dans le secteur du pétrole. Ce jeudi 3 octobre, le baril de pétrole est monté à plus de 4 %. Pour Pascal Perri, l'Iran est riche en pétrole et en gaz, mais marqué à la culotte par les États-Unis. “Son rôle sur le marché est, à ce stade, encore un rôle marginal", ajouta-t-il. Ce dimanche 6 octobre, les Tunisiens sont invités à voter. C'est l'un des pays aimés, ami, historiquement de la métropole, qui a vu naître l'un des plus grands dirigeants du monde arabe, mais qui est en train de virer à l'autocratie. Pour Abnousse Shalmani, le pays est en pleine régression. “Kais Saied, le nouveau président, c'est le redit de Ben Ali, en pire”, disait-elle. Du lundi au vendredi, à partir de 18h, David Pujadas apporte toute son expertise pour analyser l'actualité du jour avec pédagogie.
En Tunisie, le président Kaïs Saïed n'aura que deux adversaires à l'élection du dimanche 6 octobre prochain, où il va briguer un second mandat. Tous les autres candidats ont été éliminés. Et parmi les deux candidats rescapés, l'un est en prison. Pourquoi les Tunisiens, qui ont renversé leur dictateur en 2011, ne protestent pas contre la vague d'arrestations qui s'abat sur les opposants, les avocats et les journalistes ? Vincent Geisser est chercheur au CNRS. À Aix-en-Provence, il dirige l'Institut de recherches et d'études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans (Iremam). RFI : Il n'y a que deux candidats face à Kaïs Saïed, dont un en prison. Est-ce que le scrutin de dimanche prochain est joué d'avance ?Vincent Geisser : Oui, on peut dire que c'est joué d'avance dans la mesure où le président ne s'inscrit pas dans un plébiscite, mais plutôt dans une manifestation de l'autoritarisme présidentiel, de sa conception très personnelle, très présidentialiste du pouvoir, même pas vraiment dans une tentative de vitrine électorale pour légitimer le régime, ce que faisait Ben Ali.Il y a encore un mois, personne ou presque ne connaissait le député Ayachi Zammel, un chef d'entreprise de 47 ans qui a créé le petit parti libéral Azimoun. Mais maintenant que ce candidat est en prison, beaucoup de Tunisiens ont envie de voter pour lui. Est-ce qu'il pourrait créer la surprise ? Est-ce qu'il pourrait devenir une sorte de Bassirou Diomaye Faye [le nouveau président sénégalais] à la tunisienne ? Créer une surprise, oui, peut-être par sa publicisation, du fait qu'il devienne un peu, excusez-moi du terme, une sorte de « martyr électoral », c'est-à-dire qu'il est le nom qui ressort le plus, alors que vous le dites très bien, il était totalement inconnu. Parce qu'il y avait quand même trois challengers qui ont été interdits, qui eux étaient au contraire des figures extrêmement connues du spectre politique tunisien à l'époque de Ben Ali, mais surtout au moment de la démocratisation. Donc, Ayachi Zammel est devenu le symbole d'une sorte de « résistance électorale » à Kaïs Saïed, mais résistance entre guillemets... Donc il n'y aura pas de surprise. Monsieur Kaïs Saïed contrôle totalement le scrutin. Est-ce qu'on sera dans du 90% ? Dans du 80% ? En tout cas, il n'y aura pas de surprise électorale, mais plutôt un unanimisme présidentiel. Du moins, c'est ce que représente le président : l'idée qu'il est en communion avec le peuple, que les élections ne servent à rien. Car, il faut-il le dire : Kaïs Saïed passe son temps à dévaloriser le principe de la démocratie parlementaire. Il n'y croit pas et ces élections sont une étape supplémentaire dans ce qu'il appelle « l'entreprise de redressement » de la Tunisie face à une classe politique qu'il considère corrompue.Plus de 70 figures de l'opposition sont en prison, plusieurs journalistes aussi, comme Mourad Zeghidi, et également la célèbre avocate Sonia Dahmani. Elle a été arrêtée dans les locaux de la Maison de l'avocat pendant un direct de nos confrères de France 24. Pourquoi les Tunisiens qui ont fait la révolution de 2011 laissent faire cette vague de répression ?Il y a un premier aspect, c'est que les Tunisiens avaient une sorte de ras-le-bol et même de colère à l'égard des symboles de la démocratie tunisienne. Ils considèrent que ces démocrates, qui ont émergé après 2011, les ont trahis. Donc, ils ont adhéré. C'est pour cela que beaucoup de Tunisiens ont soutenu le coup d'État de Kaïs Saïed de 2021. Pour rappel, le 25 juillet 2021, Kaïs Saïed s'approprie la totalité des pouvoirs exécutifs, législatifs et judiciaires. Et la grande surprise, c'est que beaucoup de gens approuvent, y compris le syndicat – qui maintenant est en opposition à Kaïs Saïed – de l'Union générale du travail de Tunisie, l'UGTT. Et donc, de ce point de vue-là, pourquoi les Tunisiens ne s'opposent pas tant à ce qui se passe aujourd'hui ? C'est parce qu'ils ne croient pas en l'opposition et aux démocrates qui ont siégé entre 2011 et 2021. Ça, c'est le premier phénomène. Le deuxième phénomène, qui est peut-être plus récent et qui s'étend sur ces six derniers mois ou cette dernière année, c'est que se réinstalle progressivement en Tunisie un climat de peur, d'autocensure, pour ne pas dire même de surveillance. Et les Tunisiens recommencent à avoir peur. On pensait que ça serait un acquis de la révolution. On pensait qu'au moins, ce climat de peur qu'avait connu la Tunisie sous la dictature de Ben Ali ne reviendrait pas. Or, on s'aperçoit que les Tunisiens ont encore plus peur et sont encore plus prudents qu'à l'époque de Ben Ali. Surtout qu'il y a un très fort complotisme, un très fort conspirationnisme. Tous les discours du président accusent ou désignent chaque jour un complot de l'étranger. Toute personne qui a des contacts avec des journalistes étrangers, des ONG étrangères est soupçonnée de faire une conspiration contre le président. Je dirais que les Tunisiens sont résignés. On ne sait pas s'ils soutiennent encore massivement le président Kaïs Saïed, mais en tout cas, les citoyens tunisiens sont marqués par un sentiment de résignation générale.En Algérie, Abdelmadjid Tebboune vient d'être réélu il y a un mois avec le soutien de l'armée. Assistons-nous au même phénomène aujourd'hui en Tunisie avec Kaïs Saïed ?Les Tunisiens, ou certains observateurs - étrangers ou tunisiens -, ont même une formule : ils parlent d' « algérianisation » de la scène politique tunisienne. Cela désigne deux aspects : d'abord, le rapprochement très fort de la Tunisie et de l'Algérie. L'Algérie devient le grand frère de la Tunisie, alors que la Tunisie était très équilibrée dans ses relations avec les autres pays arabes – aujourd'hui, c'est vraiment un rapprochement tuniso-algérien ou algéro-tunisien qui est très marqué ; et puis la deuxième chose, c'est la ressemblance des deux processus...... avec le même soutien de l'armée tunisienne, comme Abdelmadjid Tebboune a le soutien de l'armée algérienne ?Le 25 juillet 2021, après le coup d'État, il est clair que la grande majorité des officiers de l'armée tunisienne ont soutenuKaïs Saïed, mais avec un contrat : remettre le pays au travail et remettre de l'ordre dans le pays. L'armée adhérait au récit de Kaïs Saïed qui était de dire que les démocrates étaient corrompus, avaient désorganisé la Tunisie et entretenaient le désordre. Sauf qu'aujourd'hui, les promesses de Kaïs Saïed en termes de retour à l'ordre n'ont pas été tenues. Au contraire, la Tunisie est fragile sur le plan économique, sur le plan social, elle est montrée du doigt par beaucoup d'ONG internationales... Et là, il y a une interrogation sur le positionnement de l'armée. On pensait que l'armée, ce contrat n'ayant pas été tenu, réagirait et notamment allait désavouer Kaïs Saïed. Ce n'est pas le cas pour l'instant, mais on ne peut pas dire non plus qu'elle l'approuve. Elle aurait probablement souhaité que ces élections se déroulent de manière plus transparente, peut-être pas démocratiquement, mais de manière plus raisonnable, avec un semblant de vitrine démocratique électorale. Ce n'est pas le pas. Donc, je ne dirais pas qu'on est tout à fait dans la même position que l'Algérie. D'abord parce que l'armée tunisienne n'est pas aussi forte que l'armée algérienne, elle n'a jamais contrôlé le pouvoir comme ça s'est fait en Algérie pendant plus de 50 ans. Le seul point commun, c'est qu'effectivement, elle a soutenu le coup d'État et qu'elle a soutenu Kaïs Saïed jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Mais point d'interrogation dans l'armée : il semblerait que certaines voix commencent à se demander s'il pourra faire l'affaire pour maintenir l'ordre dans le pays. Le souci de l'armée tunisienne, c'est l'ordre. Et si Kaïs Saïed, par ses discours conspirationnistes et complotistes, venait à menacer cet ordre, et surtout, venait à avoir une si mauvaise image, y compris vis-à-vis de ses partenaires étrangers, l'armée prendrait une décision. Mais nous n'en sommes pas là.À lire aussiPrésidentielle en Tunisie: à Bizerte, des partisans en campagne pour un chef de l'État peu sur le terrain
A la Une de la presse, ce jeudi 5 septembre, la publication, hier, en Angleterre, du rapport sur l'incendie meurtrier de la tour Grenfell, à Londres, où 72 personnes étaient mortes, le 14 juin 2017. Ses conclusions sont accablantes. La fin, hier, de la campagne pour la présidentielle anticipée de samedi en Algérie, et l'étrange campagne pour la présidentielle du 6 octobre en Tunisie. Enfin, l'incroyable moisson du cyclisme français aux Jeux paralympiques.
L'émission 28 Minutes du 14/05/2024 Jérémy Ferrari, l'enfant terrible de l'humour noir, fait école La couleur de Jérémy Ferrari : le noir. Comme les tenues qu'il arbore sur scène ; comme son humour, particulièrement grinçant ; ou comme ses humeurs, qui l'ont conduit à faire une tentative de suicide et à tomber dans l'alcoolisme. Avant d'être révélé au public dans l'émission de Laurent Ruquier “On n'demande qu'à en rire”, l'humoriste grandit à Charleville-Mézières, dans les Ardennes. Fils de commerçants, élève dissipé, adolescent renfrogné : Jérémy Ferrari quitte très tôt le système scolaire pour découvrir le théâtre. Il remplit aujourd'hui des salles comme l'Accor Arena de Paris. Sa dernière tournée, longue de cinq ans : celle de son spectacle “Anesthésie générale”, trois heures consacrées au système médical et hospitalier français. “J'ai développé très tôt une colère contre les aberrations de la société [...], mais aussi une curiosité pour essayer d'en comprendre les rouages et les dénoncer.” En parallèle, il lance une école du rire, l'ESAR — École supérieure des arts du rire — un projet pour construire “l'école de [ses] rêves”, et est à l'affiche du film “Roqya”, en salle le 14 mai. Jérémy Ferrari est notre invité. Répression en Tunisie : 13 ans après, que reste-t-il de la Révolution tunisienne ? Borhen Bssais et Mourad Zeghidi, chroniqueurs de radio et télévision, placés en détention pour “fausses informations dans le but de diffamer autrui ou porter atteinte à sa réputation” ; Sonia Dahmani, avocate, brutalement arrêtée samedi 11 mai et filmée en direct par France 24… Un peu plus de treize ans après la révolution du Jasmin, la démocratie tunisienne paraît bien mal en point. Selon le syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens, plus de soixante personnes — journalistes, avocats, opposants — ont fait l'objet de poursuites judiciaires depuis la promulgation d'une loi visant à réprimer la diffusion de “fausses nouvelles” il y a un an et demi. Une énième entorse aux libertés publiques, lesquelles n'en finissent plus d'être grignotées depuis l'arrivée au pouvoir de Kaïs Saïed en 2019 — alors que rien ne semblait le prédestiner à suivre les traces de son prédécesseur Ben Ali. Devenue anti-réfugiés, confrontée à une crise socio-économique importante, la Tunisie a pris un virage autoritaire. Que reste-t-il de la révolution du Jasmin ? Nos invités en débattent. Enfin, retrouvez également les chroniques de Xavier Mauduit et Marie Bonnisseau ! 28 Minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Elisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement : 14 mai 2024 - Présentation : Élisabeth Quin - Production : KM, ARTE Radio
L'émission 28 Minutes du 14/05/2024 Répression en Tunisie : 13 ans après, que reste-t-il de la Révolution tunisienne ? Borhen Bssais et Mourad Zeghidi, chroniqueurs de radio et télévision, placés en détention pour “fausses informations dans le but de diffamer autrui ou porter atteinte à sa réputation” ; Sonia Dahmani, avocate, brutalement arrêtée samedi 11 mai et filmée en direct par France 24… Un peu plus de treize ans après la révolution du Jasmin, la démocratie tunisienne paraît bien mal en point. Selon le syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens, plus de soixante personnes — journalistes, avocats, opposants — ont fait l'objet de poursuites judiciaires depuis la promulgation d'une loi visant à réprimer la diffusion de “fausses nouvelles” il y a un an et demi. Une énième entorse aux libertés publiques, lesquelles n'en finissent plus d'être grignotées depuis l'arrivée au pouvoir de Kaïs Saïed en 2019 — alors que rien ne semblait le prédestiner à suivre les traces de son prédécesseur Ben Ali. Devenue anti-réfugiés, confrontée à une crise socio-économique importante, la Tunisie a pris un virage autoritaire. Que reste-t-il de la révolution du Jasmin ? Nos invités en débattent. 28 Minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Elisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement : 14 mai 2024 - Présentation : Élisabeth Quin - Production : KM, ARTE Radio
A la Une de la presse, ce lundi 13 mai, l'arrestation, samedi, en Tunisie, de l'avocate Sonia Dahmani – une mise aux arrêts perçue comme un signe de raidissement du pouvoir. Les résultats des élections régionales anticipées en Catalogne, où les indépendantistes perdent leur majorité au Parlement. Et le dernier match de Kylian Mbappé au PSG.
On the TimeformUS Pacecast, Craig and David recap last week's major racing, featuring the Oaklawn Handicap, the Ben Ali and Elkhorn from Keeneland, and more. This podcast is powered by ZenCast.fm
This week the boy's recap last weeks tickets and going 4 of 5, Masters and NBA playoffs as well as C-Notes team loyalty. We then handicap this Saturday's Late Pick Five at Keeneland including the Elkhorn and Ben Ali stakes. Enjoy!We Want Your Feedback!You can email us at whodoyoulikehere@gmail.comFollow and contact the podcast on Twitter @whodoulikehereJustin the Kid @TheKid_021Joey C-Note @NoteJoey
Between 1956 and 2011, Tunisia endured decades of authoritarian rule under Presidents Habib Bourguiba and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The Tunisian Revolution in 2011 led to the ousting of Ben Ali and catalysed the start of the institutional transitional justice process. Yet, mobilisation against authoritarian rule and the curtailment of basic freedoms also predated the establishment of this formal process. In this episode, our guests Houcine Bouchiba, Hamza Ben Nasr and Leila Bejaoui discuss how the participation and activism of victims, supported by victims' organisations and civil society, profoundly shaped the transitional justice process in Tunisia. Survivors and activists have played a pivotal role in pushing for accountability, supporting truth-seeking, and advocating for reform – despite facing numerous obstacles and waning public and political will. Houcine, Hamza and Leila speak to the realizations and setbacks of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD) and the Specialized Criminal Chambers, whilst illustrating the importance of foregrounding gendered harms and socio-economic demands (for employment, and livelihoods) in the Tunisian context. At the same time, the events of July 2021 have caused widespread concern about the country's transitional justice trajectory. This also prompted our guests to reflect on how the current reality affects victims' experiences and trajectories, and how it pushes victims' organisations and civil society to reorganize in order to revitalize justice efforts and resist autocratization. This episode was realized in collaboration with Avocats Sans Frontières (Lawyers Without Borders), Tunis branch.
En Tunisie, les courses du ramadan se feront dans l'austérité, pour faire face à une inflation générale proche de 8%, alors que la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires atteint les 12%. Dans de nombreux pays, la banane est un produit de saison plutôt bon marché. Mais en Tunisie, il s'agit d'un luxe difficilement accessible. Les commerçants en vendent d'ailleurs de moins en moins et doivent souvent s'en procurer au marché noir, faute d'importations. De notre correspondante à Tunis,L'an dernier, le prix de la banane avait fait l'objet de vives polémiques, poussant l'État tunisien à le fixer à 5 dinars le kilo, soit 1,50 euro. Mais cette année, le fruit est de nouveau inaccessible pour les petites bourses. Sur l'étal de Wissem Krouma, 29 ans, dans le quartier populaire de Bhar Lazreg, les bananes suspendues au-dessus des légumes n'attirent plus la clientèle. Wissem doit les vendre à 10 dinars le kilo, soit 3 euros, pour rentrer dans ses frais.« Le carton de bananes me coûte environ 220 dinars les 18 kilos, donc je ne fais même pas de marge, je vends les bananes au prix où je les achète au marché de gros, lâche-t-il, dépité. Parce que ça me permet d'avoir une offre variée dans mon étal même si pas grand monde les achète. Les clients achètent au mieux une à deux bananes maximum. »Des bananes au prix de la viandeSous le régime de Ben Ali, l'importation de la banane était taxée à 36%, mais les proches du président avaient le droit de contourner cette taxe et négociaient directement avec les producteurs de banane en Équateur et en Côte d'Ivoire.À l'époque, ces bananes de contrebande abondaient à des prix très accessibles sur le marché tunisien. Wissem s'en souvient bien. « À l'époque, j'étais au collège, mais je tenais déjà un stand de fruits. Pendant le ramadan, j'achetais le carton de bananes à 12 dinars le kilo, le max, c'était 23 dinars. Donc dix fois moins cher que maintenant ! », s'exclame-t-il.Chez Marwen, un autre commerçant, un client vient d'acheter un peu plus d'un kilo. Il se moque de son prix trop élevé. « Ça m'a coûté plus de 15 dinars, à ce prix-là, ce ne sont pas des bananes, c'est de la viande de mouton que j'achète ! C'est très cher. Apparemment, Kaïs Saïed n'est pas encore venu contrôler tout ça », grince-t-il.« On ne peut pas gérer l'inflation par décret »Une blague en référence à l'année passée où le prix de la banane avait suscité de telles polémiques que le président Kaïs Saïed avait ordonné au ministère du Commerce de geler son prix. Une initiative qui avait rencontré un certain succès populaire, mais qui n'a pas duré, comme l'explique Louai Chebbi, cofondateur de l'association Alert : « On ne peut pas gérer l'inflation par décret, lance-t-il. Le gouvernement et les autorités publiques essaient de légitimer leur position politique en ayant des résultats économiques et donc la limite de cette vision, c'est de dire : "Il faut combattre la cherté des prix par décret." En limitant le prix de la banane à 5 dinars, on fait complètement disparaître l'offre. Ce qu'on fait, c'est qu'on va stresser l'offre parce qu'on ne va pas permettre aux agriculteurs, aux commerçants, aux petits détaillants, d'y trouver leur compte. »Dans le sud tunisien, Jamel Sayaari confie aller chercher les bananes directement en Libye pour sa consommation personnelle. « Je passe la frontière parce que le kilo est à 2-3 dinars et à Ben Guerdane, ils le revendent entre 5 et 7 dinars. Mais ça reste beaucoup moins cher que les prix pratiqués dans la capitale ! »L'office du commerce tunisien a annoncé vouloir importer 2 000 tonnes de bananes d'Égypte pour le mois de Ramadan, et fixer son prix de vente à 5 dinars comme l'année passée. Mais pour le moment, celles-ci ne sont pas encore arrivées sur les étals.
It was the end of an era in January 2011 as Tunisia's Ben Ali was ousted from power - in a manner perfectly befitting his tenure. It's Bugle issue 141 Tunisia is Revolting.Hear more of our shows, buy our book, and donate here: thebuglepodcast.com/This episode was produced by Chris Skinner and Laura Turner Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Cette semaine, 500 reçoit la journaliste Nawal Ben Ali. Née en Tunisie, Nawal arrive très tôt en France et plus précisément dans le département de l'Essonne. Excellente élève, elle grandit au sein d'un foyer uni en compagnie de ses deux frères. Après avoir poursuivi sa scolarité sans encombre, elle décroche son diplôme de journaliste à l'IEJ en 2022. Amazigh, elle dénonce un racisme latent et n'hésite pas à faire bouger les lignes à travers son podcast "y'a ça chez nous" où encore lors de ses nombreuses prises de paroles. Au fil d'une belle conversation Nawal nous parle de sa scolarité, nous met en garde sur la banalisation du racisme ou encore nous parle de son amour pour le continent africain.
Tunisia's democracy is being dismantled by a president who claims he's saving it from anarchy. Parliament has been dissolved, scores of judges sacked and opponents jailed. Once Tunisia - the north African country of just 12 million people squeezed between it's much bigger neighbours Libya and Algeria - was a beacon of democracy. It was the first Arab country to overthrow it's dictator Ben Ali in 2011 during what became known as the Arab Spring. Now a new authoritarian leader, Kais Saied, dominates the country. Tunisia faces numerous problems, from soaring prices and shortages of some basic foods - to thousands of migrants – many Tunisians - trying to flee across the Mediterranean to Europe. Mike Thomson meets the sister of an activist who was imprisoned, an aspiring kickboxer who wants to settle abroad, a sub-Saharan migrant who's lost his job and his home and a rapper, whose music helped inspire that 2011 revolution. What future faces Tunisia – democracy or dictatorship? Presenter: Mike Thomson Producer: Bob Howard Mixed by Rod Farquhar Production coordinator: Helena Warwick-Cross Series Editor: Penny Murphy (Image: Tunisians with Tunisian flags protesting against the constitutional referendum. Credit: Mohamed Messara/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock)
Francis Ghilès joins Arab Digest editor William Law in this week's podcast. Francis is a visiting fellow at King's College London and an expert on North Africa politics, energy and security. He argues that what has been called Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution has failed despite the overthrow of Ben Ali in 2011 because the structure of dictatorship has remained essentially unchanged thus enabling a new dictator, in the shape of Kais Saied, to emerge. Sign up NOW at ArabDigest.org for free to join the club and start receiving our daily newsletter & weekly podcasts.
La Tunisie a fait, pendant 10 ans, figure d'exception, seul pays à avoir mis sur pied une démocratie dans la foulée du Printemps arabe, après avoir chassé en janvier 2011 son président autocrate Ben Ali. Une démocratie fragile, perfectible mais une démocratie. Jusqu'au coup de tonnerre du 25 juillet 2021 : le président élu 2 ans plus tôt, Kaïs Saïed décide de s'arroger tous les pouvoirs pour, affirme-t-il, sauver l'État. Il limoge le Premier ministre, dissout l'Assemblée nationale et suspend la Constitution. L'opposition dénonce un coup d'État institutionnel. Les chancelleries occidentales sont embarrassées. Une nouvelle Constitution sera adoptée par référendum, elle consacre une super présidence.En février 2023, Kaïs Saïed taxe les migrants subsahariens de tous les maux et réclame des mesures urgentes pour les expulser. Il les accuse de comploter pour modifier la démographie de la Tunisie majoritairement arabe et musulmane. Cette fois, les condamnations internationales pleuvent.Le 17 avril 2023, le président tunisien provoque à nouveau la sidération : il fait arrêter le chef du parti d'opposition Ennahda, Rached Ghannouchi, 81 ans, accusé de complot contre la sécurité de l'État. Rached Ghannouchi qui rejoint une vingtaine de figures politiques et de personnalités incarcérées depuis février 2023 pour divers motifs.Jusqu'où ira la dérive autoritaire de Kaïs Saïed ? Que reste-t-il des espoirs de démocratie nés en 2011 ? La Révolution tunisienne a-t-elle été confisquée ? Invités : - Vincent Geisser, sociologue, chercheur au CNRS et à l'IREMAM. A co-dirigé avec Amin Allal « Tunisie, une démocratie au-dessus de tout soupçon ? », paru aux CNRS éditions et aux éditions tunisiennes Nirvana en 2018- Kmar Bendana, historienne à l'Université de la Manouba à Tunis- Hatem Nafti, essayiste, membre de l'Observatoire tunisien du populisme et auteur de « Tunisie : vers un populisme autoritaire ? » paru chez Riveneuve et aux éditions tunisiennes Nirvana en 2022.
Jason looks back at the weekend of racing action from around the country. He talks about the Ben Ali and Elkhorn from Keeneland as well as racing from Oaklawn and Woodbine.
In 2004, Taruk Ben-Ali left his new wife to start a new life....somewhere else. At least, that's what his dad said. Reb shows you what's behind a dad's love and a very thin wall in the case of Estate of Ben-Ali (2013). WATCH THIS EPISODE ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/KnbEgRWcgSw Follow @RebuttalPod on Instagram and @Rebmasel on TikTok :) *** Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Magic Mike Show guys preview & give their tickets for Saturday's Late Pick 5 at Keeneland that features 2 graded stakes: the Ben Ali (G3) on dirt & the Elkhorn (G2) on turf. Tell us YOUR thoughts & tickets in the Comments section!Full live stream replay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhiW8aXj3iQhttps://RacingDudes.com is the destination site for all things horse racing and sports betting. Whether it be free winners, expert insider picks, up-to-the-minute trackside weather reports, or multiple podcasts and livestream videos that provide only the best content for gamblers of all skill levels, never make another wager without visiting the Racing Dudes first!Made by fans, for fans, come see why https://RacingDudes.com is the #1 most trusted sports betting website anywhere!SMASH the *Thumbs Up* ~ HIT *Subscribe* ~ RING the *Notification* bellUPGRADE your wardrobe with premium apparel from www.OGHandicappers.net & use promo code "DUDES" to get 10% off your purchase!* https://oghandicappers.net/ FREE daily horse racing picks for every track in America!* https://racingdudes.com/free-picks/EXPERT premium selections for every track in America!* https://racingdudes.com/handicapping-products/PURCHASE our latest Inside Track wagering guide!* https://racingdudes.com/racing-guides/ BONUS free sports picks for all the biggest games in the NFL, NCAA, NHL, NBA, and more!* https://racingdudes.com/sports/SUPPORT the Racing Dudes!* https://twitter.com/racing_dudes * https://www.facebook.com/racingdudes/* https://www.instagram.com/racingdudes/FOLLOW Mike “Somobomb” Somich!* https://twitter.com/somobomb18 FOLLOW Curtis “Magic” Kalleward!* https://twitter.com/curtiskalleward FOLLOW Dr. Miranda Bunge!* https://twitter.com/mirandabunge
Buat pertama kalinya kita bawakan korang #StudioSembangLive right from the stage! Jom kita sembang bersama Ben Ali & Nadiyah Shahab, partners in both the Absolut brands and in life. Let's check it out!
For Valentine's Day, the ABA Banking Journal Podcast — sponsored by xChange — brings you a classic boy-meets-girl love story. Virginia Rollins had moved to Washington, D.C., as a young woman in the 1950s and got a job as a teller at Industrial Bank, a Black bank still operating in the nation's capital. A young bank customer named Ben Ali came in to make a deposit, but he was smitten with Virginia and left his phone number too. To make a long story short, Virginia and Ben founded one of Washington's most legendary dining establishments, Ben's Chili Bowl in the heart of “Black Broadway” on U Street. Virginia reflects on her early career in banking, how the connections she made at the bank helped her and Ben grow their business and the importance of minority depository institutions today. She also shares stories of hosting Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement, surviving the 1968 D.C. riots and the long years of urban renewal and how Ben's has grown today.
En dix ans, la révolution numérique a profondément bouleversé les usages, les habitudes et l'économie. La firme américaine Uber et son application de chauffeurs VTC s'est déployée en France en bousculant le droit du travail. Depuis "l'ubérisation" du travail s'est imposée. En 2021, les chauffeurs Uber sont devenus une sous-catégorie de travailleurs, ils se disent réduits à l'esclavage par un algorithme, quand ils ne sont pas tout simplement déconnectés, perdant alors leur travail d'un clic. Dans ce volet du votre quotidienne « Toujours Debout », Nadiya Lazzouni, reçoit Brahim Ben Ali, historiquement chauffeur de VTC, leader syndical et activiste anti-Uber. Brahim Ben Ali est un des personnages principaux du documentaire “ à bout de course” diffusé mercredi 26 octobre dernier sur France 2. Réalisé par Benjamin Carle et Ella Cerfontaine, il raconte l'histoire de ces chauffeurs VTC qui se sont dressés contre le rouleau compresseur UBER, une sorte de David contre Goliath moderne. ▶ Soutenez Le Média :
“Talent is everywhere, but opportunity is not” In Episode 26 I am joined by Sámi Ben-Ali, Vice President of Inclusion & Diversity at Wood, to discuss the importance of silencing the echo chambers, recognising that lived experience fuels individual perspectives, and how times of global crisis often put the focus on individual survival over the needs of the group. Sámi's interest in DEI started earlier in life than many of my guests. He grew up in a small town in the Northwest of England in a multi-ethnic, multi-faith household with his White Irish Catholic Scouse mother and his Arab Muslim Tunisian father. Diversity was always present and obvious in Sámi's life, and this was only accentuated by Sámi going to university in America when he was 18 and feeling a lack of inclusion. After spending some time exploring how these experiences have shaped Sámi's view of what DEI should be - which is that of a holistic approach - the conversation moves to the importance of broadening horizons and actively trying to reduce the echo chambers we find ourselves in. These echo chambers are often restrictive and impact on our ability to debate and consider other viewpoints. In times of global crisis, it often seems that people's survival instincts take over and individual preservation is prioritised over helping out the group or wider society. This can often affect how people engage with DEI and undergo perspective taking. Indeed, we then discuss the power of perspective taking and understanding how lived experience impacts upon the viewpoints we develop. We bring the episode to a close by discussing the importance of diversifying talent pools through the recruitment process. One of Sámi's mantras is “Talent is everywhere, but opportunity is not” and Wood certainly lives by this mantra too. Sámi talks us through all the brilliant actions that are being undertaken by Wood to ensure that the next generation of talent globally is diverse and included. Links: Sámi can be found on LinkedIn as: Sámi Ben-Ali For more from Wood, you can visit their website at: https://www.woodplc.com/ To hear Why Care? episodes first, sign up to our newsletter here, and you can find more from us at Avenir via our LinkTree here.
Tunisia was the cradle of the Arab Spring, and had been hailed as its biggest success story. But President Kais Saied's new constitution, narrowly approved in a controversial referendum last July, has changed that. “Kais Saied has unchecked power,” Mohamed-Dhia Hammami tells New Lines' Lydia Wilson in The Lede. “Even under Ben Ali, we used to have some sort of balances and checks. There are some people who even compare his power to the North Korean leader's.” Saied ran for president as a political outsider in 2019, vowing to tackle ‘moral and financial corruption'. The country's continuing economic crisis left many Tunisians disenchanted with the status quo, and Saied's populist platform won him the election. Even as he suspended parliament and began ruling by decree in 2021, he continued to attract support. But, Hammami says, his latest move may have been a step too far. “Saied is having serious problems consolidating his power.” Produced by Joshua Martin
Tunisian President Kais Saied has drafted a new constitution for Tunisia that gives him new sweeping powers, including authority over the judiciary and immunity for life from prosecution. Tunisia was a beacon of hope for democracy after the Arab Spring. The country rid itself of dictator Ben Ali after 24 years of rule and moved to a more democratic system. Now the country seems to be sliding back towards the one man rule that it has known for generations. This week on The Inquiry we are asking why Tunisia has turned its back on democracy. Presenter: Tanya Beckett Producer: Louise Clarke-Rowbotham Researchers: Anoushka Mutanda-Dougherty and Christopher Blake Technical Producer: Richard Hannaford Editor: Tara McDermott (Tunisian presidential Kais Saied in Tunis. BBC Images)
Neuf millions d'électeurs tunisiens étaient appelés à se prononcer sur la nouvelle Constitution, portée par le président Kaïs Saïed. Lors d'un référendum constitutionnel, le « oui » l'a très largement emporté mais avec une faible participation, autour de 28%. Un an après la suspension du Parlement, ce projet controversé, voulu par le chef de l'État Kaïs Saïed, est un « habit taillé sur mesure », explique Hamadi Redissi, chercheur et professeur de sciences politiques à l'université de Tunis. Quelles vont être les conséquences de ce vote ? RFI : Il y a eu moins de 30% de participation au référendum de lundi en Tunisie, qu'est-ce que cela signifie pour le président Kaïs Saïed ? Hamadi Redissi : En principe, ça signifie que sa base populaire est limitée à un Tunisien sur trois, sinon à un Tunisien sur quatre. Mais l'art politique consiste à transformer une faible participation en une grande victoire, c'est ce dont il se proclame et c'est ce dont se prévalent ses adeptes en disant que le taux de participation ne doit pas cacher le fait que la victoire a été large et à hauteur de 92% de oui. Quel est le profil de ceux qui ont voté pour la nouvelle Constitution ? On a des sondages qui affirment que la majeure partie de ceux qui ont voté ce sont des hommes plus que des femmes, des adultes plus que des jeunes, les gens des zones urbaines et du grand Tunis plus qu'au Sud et dans les zones rurales, mais pour l'instant on n'a pas encore le profil détaillé sur les catégories socio-professionnelles qui ont voté pour ce référendum ou ceux qui ont voté contre. Tout le monde s'accordait à dire jusqu'ici que le président Saïed était encore populaire malgré son coup de force, est-ce encore le cas après ce référendum ? Malgré la mise à disposition de tout l'appareil de l'État, des institutions publiques, d'une campagne émaillée de dérogations et d'entorses à la procédure, il n'y a quand même que 2,4 millions de personnes qui ont voté pour lui et donc sa base sociale est limitée. Dans ces conditions, sur quoi repose, ou va reposer, son pouvoir ? Une opposition divisée, une lassitude des Tunisiens, une préoccupation d'ordre économique et l'allégeance des administrations publiques, la culture politique d'obéissance. Tous les chercheurs parlent d'une nouvelle Constitution taillée sur mesure pour Kaïs Saïed, pourquoi ? Tout simplement parce qu'il concentre en ses mains la totalité du pouvoir, il est le chef de l'État, il nomme le chef du gouvernement, les ministres il peut les limoger, le Parlement s'il vote deux motions de censure d'affilé, le chef de l'État ne démissionne pas, le chef de l'État est irresponsable politiquement, le chef d'État nomme les magistrats, vous voulez que je continue ? Mais alors, quels contrepouvoirs vont rester en Tunisie ? Il n'y a pas de contrepouvoir, le seul contrepouvoir c'est le pouvoir de la société civile et il y a un contrepouvoir invisible, les difficultés économiques de ce pays. Sans oublier l'UGTT. Bien sûr, c'est la colonne vertébrale de l'opposition au régime. Il y a fort à parier que l'opposition va se restructurer autour de l'UGTT, qui aura à jouer un double-rôle, un rôle politique national qu'elle a toujours joué, et puis son rôle naturel de fer de lance de la défense de la classe ouvrière ou du pouvoir d'achat des Tunisiens. Et quelle sera la part, la place, de l'islam dans ce nouveau système ? Saïed vient de remettre en question l'identité politico-religieuse ou théologico-politique de la Tunisie, donc voilà le second danger, outre la concentration pharaonique de la totalité des pouvoirs entre les mains de Saïed, la tentation quasi religieuse qui pointe à l'horizon et donc voilà pourquoi la situation en Tunisie est à la fois extrêmement précaire et dangereuse. Certains spécialistes disent que ce référendum signe l'échec, la mort des acquis de la révolution tunisienne, quel est votre avis ? Je pense que c'est là ce qu'on appelle un retour en arrière, Saïed met un coup d'arrêt à la transition, et on peut dire qu'il ferme la parenthèse de la révolution avec l'abrogation de cette Constitution de 2014, il ouvre une nouvelle ère de pouvoir autoritaire, une dictature aménagée avec des poches de résistance et des espaces de liberté, voilà. Il y a des gens qui n'hésitent pas à comparer le régime issu de cette nouvelle Constitution à celui de Ben Ali, qu'en pensez-vous ? Saïed fait ce qu'a fait Ben Ali, mais il le constitutionnalise, voilà.
Hasard ou coïncidence, le chef de la diplomatie russe est sur le continent au moment où le chef de l'État de français entame une tournée africaine. Emmanuel Macron est au Cameroun, Sergueï Lavrov est lui au Congo-Brazzaville. L'éditorialiste de Wakat Séra note que la France s'est comme laissée surprendre par les ambitions de ses concurrents qui eux, moins regardants sur la bonne gouvernance, la démocratie et le respect des droits de l'homme – dont Paris se fait le chantre – ont déroulé une coopération plus réaliste qui épouse la vision des dirigeants africains, adeptes des règnes ad vitam aeternam. Le journal Mourya au Niger tempère : « Macron II semble avoir abandonné certains principes de Macron I, lesquels principes consistaient à bouder les partisans du pouvoir à vie, les dictateurs et autres tyrans. Au Cameroun, Emmanuel Macron échangera dans la journée avec le vieux locataire du palais d'Etoudi, Paul Biya, bientôt 90 ans, qui est à son 7e mandat, et qui pourrait en briguer un 8e. » « La France a donc changé son fusil d'épaule, poursuit Mourya, car perdre coup sur coup la Centrafrique où se sont engouffrés Russes et Rwandais, la RDC qui n'appartient en vérité à aucune puissance à part entière, le Gabon et le Rwanda qui ont rejoint le Commonwealth, tout cela fait pour la France beaucoup de dommages économiques, géopolitiques et géostratégiques à la fois ! » L'influence de la France en berne « L'ascendant qui était celui de nos ancêtres les Gaulois sur leurs anciennes colonies a explosé, laissant place à une sorte de désenvoûtement dont profitent d'autres vendeurs de charme venus de Russie, de Chine, d'Inde et de Turquie », pointe Wakat Séra. Et pour preuve : le chef de la diplomatie russe, comme un hasard de calendrier bien pensé, vient d'être reçu par le président congolais Denis Sassou Nguesso. Sergueï Lavrov ne boudant pas son plaisir d'entendre son homologue congolais dire, sur la position de son pays dans la crise russo-ukrainienne, que le Congo ne peut pas se permettre de jeter de l'huile sur le feu. Une position qui arrange bien les affaires des Russes. En tout cas, « Français et Russes s'affrontent sur bien des terrains africains et ne se lâchent pas d'un pas », conclut l'éditorialiste de La Voix du Niger. En Tunisie, Robocop sur les traces de Ben Ali selon le journal Le Pays La nouvelle Constitution tunisienne en passe d'être adoptée met fin au régime parlementaire en vigueur depuis 2014 et accordera les pleins pouvoirs au président Kaïs Saïed. « Une nouvelle Constitution que Robocop, le surnom de Kais Saïed, appelle de tous ses vœux et qui n'a rien de rétrograde sauf qu'elle fait de lui un demi-dieu », note Le Pays au Burkina Faso. Et le journal de poursuivre : « En fait, quand on regarde la manière dont Kaïs Saïed dirige son pays, on a envie de dire que l'homme n'a pas tiré leçon de l'histoire récente de la Tunisie tant et si bien qu'il se croit tout permis ». Il conclut : « Robocop gagnerait à changer son fusil d'épaule en descendant de son piédestal, car ce n'est pas en réussissant le tour de force de faire adopter la nouvelle Constitution qu'il va se croire à l'abri de ce qui est arrivé à Ben Ali ». Au Mozambique, un père arrêté pour avoir voulu vendre ses enfants albinos La Nouvelle Tribune au Bénin revient sur un fait divers et une pratique récurrente en Afrique australe. Ce n'est pas la première fois que les albinos sont victimes de ce type de traitement. Dans la croyance populaire, certaines parties de leur corps utilisées dans des rituels garantissent une prospérité et une bonne santé. In extremis, juste avant d'être vendus, les enfants ont eu la vie sauve grâce à un appel anonyme reçu par la police.
Pourvu que le conflit armé au Cameroun anglophone ne soit « passé sous silence. Comme une imploration du site d'information Afrique 21. Depuis plus de cinq ans, les régions anglophones du nord-ouest et du sud-ouest du Cameroun connaissent une crise politique et sécuritaire majeure. Un conflit qui a fait plus de 6 000 morts. [...] En dépit de la féroce répression des autorités, vitupère Afrique 21, le reste du monde fait comme si de rien était, à commencer par la France, qui préfère parler de "troubles socio-économiques" afin de ménager Paul Biya », dit le journal en ligne. « Une présidence camerounaise qui n'a pas lésiné sur les moyens pour polir l'image du régime de Paul Biya au pouvoir depuis 40 ans, renchérit Cameroun info. Un chiffre notamment interpelle, celui du chômage, dans le document officiel présenté à la presse nationale pour annoncer la venue d'Emmanuel Macron. On y apprend que le taux de chômage au Cameroun est 3,9%. » Une affirmation qui a déclenché une avalanche de commentaires critiques sur les réseaux sociaux. La plupart des internautes mettent en doute ce chiffre publié par la présidence, surtout que récemment, l'Institut national de la statistique (INS), qui est le service officiel des statistiques au Cameroun, a affirmé que le taux de chômage dans le pays est de 6,1%. L'annonce de la visite d'Emmanuel Macron fait déjà couler beaucoup d'encre Dans une tribune au vitriol publiée sur les réseaux sociaux et reprise par Cameroun info, la romancière franco-camerounaise Calixte Beyala ne loupe pas les responsables du RDPC, le parti au pouvoir. « Je trouve inadmissible qu'à l'heure où le peuple camerounais a faim, le RDPC puisse débloquer 10 millions de nos malheureux francs pour aller accueillir un chef d'État ! La France a-t-elle déjà mis des hommes le long du chemin pour accueillir un dirigeant africain ? Nous donnons nous-mêmes aux autres les occasions de nous mépriser… Un bouquet de fleurs et quelques motards suffisent ! » La romancière n'apprécie pas non plus la collaboration entre le président français Macron et son compatriote Achille Mbembe. L'annonce de la présence de l'universitaire dans les bagages d'Emmanuel Macron à la faveur de sa visite dans son pays agace littéralement l'icône de la littérature francophone : « Macron arrive au Cameroun avec des artistes françafricains et dans son sous-sol, l'atout majeur de la Françafrique : Achille Mbembe. Achille Mbembe est celui qui a aidé Macron à organiser le cirque de Montpellier – référence au sommet Afrique-France – où ils ont tenté, dit Calixte Beyala de corrompre la jeunesse africaine. » À la une également, le référendum sur la Constitution en Tunisie Mais où est passée l'intelligentsia tunisienne ? « L'élite tunisienne ne fait plus grand bruit. Elle était plus expressive et remuante, même sous le régime Ben Ali, déplore Jeune Afrique. La Tunisie semble se remettre avec difficultés du choc de la révolution qui l'a figée dans une sorte de sidération. Elle aurait bien voulu jouer un rôle, imposer un leadership en matière d'idées et de pensée, mais a été privée de marges de manœuvres ou victime de tentatives de récupération par les partis politiques », déplore Jeune Afrique. Les déboires de la chanteuse star Yemi Alade à la douane canadienne « L'artiste nigériane Yemi Alade n'en croit toujours pas ses yeux. La superstar de l'afropop voyage partout dans le monde pour ses concerts, mais cette fois-ci, elle s'est vue refuser un visa d'entrée au Canada. La raison invoquée par le pays est complètement abracadabrantesque, s'insurge Net Afrique. Le Canada a refusé le visa à Yemi Alade parce qu'il craint que l'artiste s'y installe définitivement. » La chanteuse devait monter, dimanche 24 juillet au soir, sur la scène du Festival international Nuits d'Afrique. Pour la directrice du festival, il était évident que l'artiste n'allait pas rester au Canada. Mais rien n'y a fait, même l'intervention de députés canadiens. Yemi Alade a été remplacée par l'artiste zambienne Sampa the Great.
Now that we've told the story of the rise and fall of Nasserism, we turn to Libya and its handsome and charismatic dictator, Col. Muammar Gaddafi. Believing himself to have inherited Nasser's mantle of Arab leadership, Gaddafi's brazen narcissistic insanity is the stuff of legend, and Aimen's got a caravan-load of funny anecdotes to illustrate just how nuts he was. But more seriously, Gaddafi symbolizes the tragic turn toward unhinged dictatorship which much of the Arab world underwent in the second half of the Cold War. Gaddafi, Assad, Saleh, Mubarak, Ben Ali, and of course Saddam Hussein—they all stalked the Middle East like undead zombies of Nasser, a nightmare from which the Arab world is still recovering. Listen to exclusive bonus content and get all episodes ad-free by subscribing to Conflicted Extra on Apple Podcasts and Spotify for just 99p/month. Join our FB Discussion group to get exclusive updates: https://www.facebook.com/groups/450486135832418 Find us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MHconflicted And Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MHconflicted Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In Episode 4 of Series 7 of The Rights Track, Todd is in conversation with Sam Gilbert, an entrepreneur and affiliated researcher at the Bennett Institute for Public Policy at the University of Cambridge. Sam works on the intersection of politics and technology. His recent book – Good Data: An Optimist's Guide to Our Future – explores the different ways data helps us, suggesting that “the data revolution could be the best thing that ever happened to us”. Transcript Todd Landman 0:01 Welcome to The Rights Track podcast which gets the hard facts about the human rights challenges facing us today. In Series 7, we're discussing human rights in a digital world. I'm Todd Landman, in the fourth episode of this series, I'm delighted to be joined by Sam Gilbert. Sam is an entrepreneur and affiliated researcher at the Bennett Institute for Public Policy at the University of Cambridge, working on the intersection of politics and technology. His recent book, Good Data: An Optimist's Guide to Our Future explores the different ways data helps us suggesting the data revolution could be the best thing that ever happened to us. And today, we're asking him, what makes data good? So Sam, welcome to this episode of The Rights Track. Sam Gilbert 0:41 Todd thanks so much for having me on. Todd Landman 0:44 So I want to start really with the book around Good Data. And I'm going to start I suppose, with the negative perception first, and then you can make the argument for a more optimistic assessment. And this is this opening set of passages you have in the book around surveillance capitalism. Could you explain to us what surveillance capitalism is and what it means? Sam Gilbert 1:01 Sure. So surveillance capitalism is a concept that's been popularised by the Harvard Business School Professor, Shoshana Zuboff. And essentially, it's a critique of the power that big tech companies like Google and Facebook have. And what it says is that, that power is based on data about us that they accumulate, as we live our lives online. And by doing that produce data, which they collect, and analyse, and then sell to advertisers. And for proponents of surveillance capitalism theory, there's something sort of fundamentally illegitimate about that. In terms of the way that it, as they would see it, appropriates data from individuals for private gain on the path of tech companies. I think they would also say that it infringes individual's rights in a more fundamental way by subjecting them to surveillance. So that I would say is surveillance capitalism in a nutshell. Todd Landman 2:07 Okay. So to give you a concrete example, if I'm searching for a flannel shirt from Cotton Trader, on Google, the next day, I open up my Facebook and I start to see ads for Cotton Trader, on my Facebook feed, or if I go on to CNN, suddenly I see an ad for another product that I might have been searching for on Google. Is that the sort of thing that he's talking about in this concept? Sam Gilbert 2:29 Yes, that's certainly one dimension to it. So that example that you just gave is an example of something that's called behaviour or retargeting. So this is when data about things you've searched for, or places you've visited on the internet, are used to remind you about products or services that you've browsed. So I guess this is probably the most straightforward type of what surveillance capitalists would call surveillance advertising. Todd Landman 2:57 Yeah, I understand that, Sam, but you know when I'm internally in Amazon searching for things. And they say you bought this other people who bought this might like this, have you thought about, you know, getting this as well. But this is actually between platforms. This is, you know, might do a Google search one day. And then on Facebook or another platform, I see that same product being suggested to me. So how did, how did the data cross platforms? Are they selling data to each other? Is that how that works? Sam Gilbert 3:22 So there's a variety of different technical mechanisms. So without wanting to get too much into the jargon of the ad tech world, there are all kinds of platforms, which put together data from different sources. And then in a programmatic or automated way, allow advertisers the opportunity to bid in an auction for the right to target people who the data suggests are interested in particular products. So it's quite a kind of complex ecosystem. I think maybe one of the things that gets lost a little bit in the discussion is some of the differences between the ways in which big tech companies like Facebook and Google and Amazon use data inside their own platforms, and the ways in which data flows out from those platforms and into the wider digital ecosystem. I guess maybe just to add one more thing about that. I think, probably many people would have a hard time thinking of something as straightforward as being retargeted with a product that they've already browsed for, they wouldn't necessarily see that as surveillance, or see that as being particularly problematic. I think what gets a bit more controversial, is where this enormous volume of data can have machine learning algorithms applied to it, in order to make predictions about products or services that people might be interested in as consumers that they themselves haven't even really considered. I think that's where critics of what they would call surveillance capitalism have a bigger problem with what's going on. Todd Landman 4:58 No I understand that's, that's a great great explanation. Thank you. And I guess just to round out this set of questions, really then it sounds to me like there's a tendency for accumulated value and expenditure here, that is really creating monopolies and cartels. To what degree is the language of monopoly and cartel being used? Because these are, you know, we rattle off the main platforms we use, but we use those because they have become so very big. And, you know, being a new platform, how does a new platform cut into that ecosystem? Because it feels like it's dominated by some really big players. Sam Gilbert 5:32 Yes. So I think this is a very important and quite complicated area. So it is certainly the case that a lot of Silicon Valley tech companies have deliberately pursued a strategy of trying to gain a monopoly. In fact, it might even be said that that's sort of inherent to the venture capital driven start-up business model to try and dominate particular market space. But I suppose the sense in which some of these companies, let's take Facebook as an example, are monopolies is really not so related to the way in which they monetize data or to their business model. So Facebook might reasonably be said to be a monopolist of encrypted messaging, because literally billions of people use Facebook's platform to communicate with each other. But it isn't really a monopolist of advertising space, because there are so many other alternatives available to advertisers who want to promote their products. I guess another dimension to this is the fact that although there are unquestionably concentrations of power with the big tech companies, they also provide somewhat of a useful service to the wider market, in that they allow smaller businesses to acquire customers much more effectively. So that actually militates against monopoly. Because now in the current digital advertising powered world, not every business has to be so big and so rich in terms of capital, that it can afford to do things like TV advertising. The platform's that Facebook and Google provides are also really helpful to small businesses that want to grow and compete with bigger players. Todd Landman 7:15 Yeah, now I hear you shifting into the positive turn here. So I'm going to push you on this. So what is good data? And why are you an optimist about the good data elements to the work you've been doing? Sam Gilbert 7:27 Well, for me, when I talk about good data, what I'm really talking about is the positive public and social potential of data. And that really comes from my own professional experience. Because although at the moment, I spend most of my time researching and writing about these issues of data and digital technology, actually, my background is in the commercial sector. So I spent 18 years working in product and strategy and marketing roles, and particularly financial services. Also at the data company, Experian, also in a venture backed FinTech business called Bought By Many. And I learnt a lot about the ways in which data can be used to make businesses successful. And I learned a lot of techniques that, in general, at the moment, are only really put to use to achieve quite banal goals. So for example, to sell people more trainers, or to encourage them to buy more insurance products. And so one of the things that I'm really interested in is how some of those techniques and technologies can move across from the commercial sector, into the public sector, the third sector, and be put to work in ways that are more socially beneficial. So maybe just to give one example of that type of data that I think contains huge potential for public goods is search data. So this is the data set that is produced by all of us using Google and Bing and other search engines on a daily basis. Now, ordinarily, when this data is used, it is to do banal things like, target shoes more effectively. But there is also this emerging discipline called Infodemiology, where academic researchers use search data in response to public health challenges. So one great example of that, at the moment has been work by Bill Lampos at University College London and his team, where they've built a predictive model around COVID symptoms using search data. And that model actually predicts new outbreaks 17 days faster than conventional modes of epidemiological surveillance. So that's just one example of the sort of good I believe data can bring. Todd Landman 9:50 So it's like a really interesting example of an early early warning system and it could work not only for public health emergencies, but other emerging emergencies whether they be conflict, or natural disasters or any topic that people are searching for, is that correct? Sam Gilbert 10:05 Yes, that's right. I mean, it's not just in the public health field that researchers have used this, you just put me in mind actually Todd of a really interesting paper written by some scholars in Japan who are looking at citizens decision making in response to natural disaster warnings. So floods and earthquakes that that migration patterns I guess, would be the way of summarising it. Those are things that can also be detected using search data. Todd Landman 10:31 Well, that's absolutely fascinating. So if we go back to public health then. I was just reading a new book, out called Pandemocracy in Europe: Power, Parliaments and People in Times of COVID. And it's edited by Matthias Kettemann and Konrad Lachmayer. And there's a really fascinating chapter in this book that transcends the nation state, if you will. And it talks about platforms and pandemics. And one section of the chapter starts to analyse Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and telegram on the degree to which they were able to control and or filter information versus disinformation or misinformation. And just the scale of some of this stuff is quite fascinating. So you know, Facebook has 2.7 billion daily users, it's probably a bigger number now. And you know, 22.3% of their investigated Facebook posts contain misinformation about COVID-19. And they found that the scale of misinformation was so large that they had to move to AI solutions, some human supervision of those AI solutions. But what's your take on the role of these big companies like we've been talking about Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, and their ability to control the narrative and at least provide safe sources of information, let's say in times of COVID, but there may be other issues of public interest where they have a role to play? Sam Gilbert 11:57 Yes, I think this is such an important question. It's very interesting that you use the phrase, control the narrative, because of course, that is something that big tech companies have traditionally been extremely reluctant to do. And one of the things I explore a bit in my book is the extent to which this can really be traced back to some unexamined normative assumptions on the part of tech company executives, where they think that American norms of free speech and the free speech protections of the First Amendment that's sort of universal laws that are applicable everywhere, rather than things which are culturally and historically contingent. And for that reason, they have been extremely reluctant to do any controlling of the narrative and have tended to champion free speech over the alternative course of action that they might take, which is to be much more proactive in combating harms, including but not limited to misinformation. I think this probably also speaks to another problem that I'm very interested in, in the book, which is what we are concerned about when we say we're concerned about big tech companies' power, because I think ordinarily, the discussion about big tech companies power tends to focus on their concentrations of market power. Or in the case of surveillance capitalism theory, it concentrates on the theoretical power that algorithms have over individuals and their decision making. And what gets lost a bit in that is the extent to which tech companies by providing these platforms and these technologies actually empower other people to do things that weren't possible before. So in some work I've been doing with Amanda Greene, who's a philosopher at University College London, we've been thinking about that concept of empowering power, as we call it. And as far as we're concerned, that's actually a much more morally concerning aspect of the power of big tech, big tech companies than their market position. Todd Landman 14:11 Yeah. So I like it that you cite the First Amendment of the American Constitution, but interestingly, the international framework for the protection and promotion of human rights also, you know, has very strong articles around protection of free speech, free assembly, free association, which of course, the tech companies will be interested in looking at and and reviewing. But what it raises to I believe really is is a question around the kind of public regulation of private actors, because these are private actors. They're not subjected to international human rights law in the way that states are. And yet they're having an impact on mass publics. They're having an impact on politics. They're having an impact on debate. So perhaps I misspoke by saying control the narrative. What I'm really interested in is we seem to have lost mediation. We have unmediated access to information. And it seems to me that these it's incumbent upon these organisations to provide some kind of mediation of content, because not all things are true just because they're said. So it gets back to that question, what where's the boundary for them? When will they step in and say this is actually causing harm if there's some sort of a big tech Hippocratic oath about do no harm that needs to be developed? So that, so there is at least some kind of attempt to draw a boundary around what is shared and what is not shared? Sam Gilbert 15:34 Yes, so the idea of a Hippocratic oath for tech workers is definitely out there, the writer who has explored it more than I have is James Williams in his book Stand Out Of Our Light. I think that that is certainly something that would help. I also think that it is beneficial that at the moment, we're having more discussion about data ethics and the ethics of artificial intelligence, and that that is permeating some of the tech companies. So I think more ethical reflection on the part of tech executives and tech workers is to be welcomed. I don't think that's sufficient. And I do think that it's important that we have stronger regulation of the tech sector. And I suppose from my perspective, the thing that needs to be regulated, much more than anything to do with how data is collected or how data is used in advertising. Is this what sometimes referred to as online safety, or other times it's referred to as online harms. So that is anything that gives rise to individuals being at risk of being harmed as they live their lives online. There's actually legislation that is coming through in the UK at the moment called online safety bill, which is far from perfect legislation, but in my opinion, it's directionally right. Because it is more concerned with preventing harm and giving tech companies a responsibility for playing their part in it, then it is concerned with trying to regulate data or advertising. Todd Landman 17:13 Yeah, so it's really the result of activity that is trying to address rather than that the data that drives the the activity, if I could put it that way. So if we think about this, do no harm element, the mediating function that's required at least to get trusted information available to users. I, I wonder if we could pivot a little bit to the current crisis in Ukraine, because I've noticed on social media platforms, a number of sites have popped up saying we're a trusted source for reporting on on the current conflict, and they get a sort of kite mark or a tick for that. I've also seen users saying, don't believe everything you see being tweeted out from Ukraine. So where does this take us and not only COVID, but to something as real time active and horrific as conflict in a country, we can talk about Ukraine or other conflicts about the sharing of information on social media platforms? Sam Gilbert 18:08 Yes, well, this is a very difficult question. And unfortunately, I don't have the answer for you today. I guess what I would point to is something you touched on there Todd, which is the idea of mediation. And we have been through this period with social media, where the organizations, the institutions that we traditionally relied on to tell us what was true and what was false and sort fact from fiction, those organisations have been disintermediated. Or in some cases, they have found themselves trying to compete in this very different information environment that is much more dynamic in a way that actually ends up undermining the journalistic quality that we would otherwise expect from them. So this is not a very satisfactory answer, because I don't know what can be done about it, except that it is a very serious problem. I suppose just to make one final point that I've been reminded I've been reading stories on this topic in relation to the Ukraine crisis, is that the duality of this power that tech companies and that technology has given to ordinary users in the era of social media over the last 15 years or so. So if we were to rewind the clock to 2010, or 2011, the role of Twitter and Facebook and other technology platforms in enabling protest and resistance against repressive regimes that was being celebrated. If we then roll forwards a few years and look at a terrible case like the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya people in Myanmar, we are at the complete opposite end of the spectrum where the empowerment of users with technology has disastrous consequences, and I guess if we then roll forward again to the Ukraine crisis, it's still not really clear whether the technology is having a beneficial or detrimental effect. So this is really just to say, once again, when we think about the power of tech companies, these are the questions I think we need to be grappling with, rather than questions to do with data. Todd Landman 20:31 Sure, there was there was a great book years ago called the Logic of Connective Action. And it was really looking at the way in which these emerging platforms because the book was published some years ago about lowering collective action costs, whether it was, you know, for protest movements, or, you know, anti-authoritarian movements, etc, we did a piece of work years ago with someone from the German Development Institute on the role of Facebook, in, in opposition to the Ben Ali regime in Tunisia, and Facebook allowed people to make a judgement as to whether they should go to a protest or not based on number of people who said they were going and and so it lowered the cost of participation, or at least the calculated costs of participating in those things. But as you say, we're now seeing this technology being used on a daily basis, I watch drone footage every day of tanks being blown up, of buildings being destroyed. And you know, part of my mind thinks it's this real, what I'm watching. And then also part of my mind thinks about, what's the impact of this? Does this have an impact on morale of the people involved in the conflict? Does it change the narrative, if you will, about the progress and or, you know, lack of progress in in the conflict, and then, of course, the multiple reporting of whether they're going to be peace talks, humanitarian corridors and all this other stuff. So it does raise very serious questions about the authenticity, veracity and ways in which technology could verify what we're seeing. And of course, you have time date stamps, metadata and other things that tell you that that was definitely a geolocated thing. So are these companies doing that kind of work? Are they going in and digging into the metadata, I noticed that Maxar Technologies, for example, is being used for its satellite data extensively, and looking at the build-up of forces and the movement of troops and that sort of thing. But again, that's a private company making things available in the public sphere for people to then reach judgments, media companies to use, it's an incredible ecosystem of information, and that it seems like a bit like a wild west to me, in terms of what we believe what we don't believe and the uses that can be made of this imagery and commentary. Sam Gilbert 22:32 Yes, so there is this as an all things, this super proliferation of data. And what is still missing is the intermediation layer to both make sense of that. And also tell stories around it that have some kind of journalistic integrity. I mean what you put me in mind of there Todd was the open source intelligence community, and some of the work that including human rights organisations do to leverage these different data data sources to validate and investigate human rights abuses taking place in different parts of the world. So to me, this seems like very important work, but also work that is rather underfunded. I might make the same comment about fact checking organisations, which seem to do very important work in the context of disinformation, but don't seem to be resourced in the way that perhaps they should be. Maybe just one final comment on this topic would relate to the media, the social media literacy of individuals. And I wonder whether that is something that is maybe going to help us in trying to get out of this impasse, because I think over time, people are becoming more aware that information that they see on the internet may not be reliable. And while I think there's still a tendency for people to get caught up in the moment, and retweets or otherwise amplify these types of messages, I think that some of the small changes the technology companies have made to encourage people to be more mindful when they're engaging with and amplifying content might just help build on top of that increase in media literacy, and take us to a slightly better place in the future. Todd Landman 24:26 Yeah, I mean, the whole thing around media literacy is really important. And I I also want to make a small plea for data literacy, just understanding and appreciating what data and statistics can tell us without having to be you know, an absolute epidemiologist, statistician or quantitative analyst. But I wanted to hark back to your idea around human rights investigations, we will have a future episode with a with a group that does just that and it's about maintaining the chain of evidence, corroborating evidence and using you know, digital evidence as you, you know in ways that help human rights investigations and, you know, if and when this conflict in Ukraine finishes, there will be some sort of human rights investigatory process. We're not sure which bodies going to do that yet, because we've been called for, you know, like a Nuremberg style trial, there have been calls for the ICC to be involved as been many other stakeholders involved, but that digital evidence is going to be very much part of the record. But I wonder just to, yeah go ahead Sam. Sam Gilbert 25:26 Sorry I am just going to add one thing on that, which I touched on this a little bit, and my book, but I think there's a real risk, actually, that open-source intelligence investigations become collateral damage in the tech companies pivot towards privacy. So what some investigators are finding is that material that they rely on to be able to do their investigations is being unilaterally removed by tech companies, either because it's YouTube, and they don't want to be accused of promoting terrorist content, or because it's Google or Facebook, and they don't want to being accused of infringing individual's privacy. So while this is not straightforward, I just think it's worth bearing in mind that sometimes pushing very hard for values like data privacy can have these unintended consequences in terms of open source intelligence. Todd Landman 26:24 Yes, it's an age old chestnut about the unintended consequences of purposive social action. I think that was a Robert Merton who said that at one point, but I guess in closing that I have a final question for you because you are an optimist. You're a data optimist, and you've written a book called good data. So what is there to be optimistic about for the future? Sam Gilbert 26:42 Well, I suppose I should say something about what type of optimist I am first, so to do that, I'll probably reach for Paul Romer's distinction between blind optimism and conditional optimism. So blind optimism is the optimism of a child hoping that her parents are going to build her a tree house. Conditional optimism is the optimism of a child who thinks, well, if I can get the tools and if I can get a few friends together, and if we can find the right tree, I think we can build a really incredible tree house together. So I'm very much in the second camp, the camp of conditional optimism. And I guess the basis for that probably goes to some of the things we've touched on already, where I just see enormous amounts of untapped potential in using data in ways that are socially useful. So perhaps just to bring in one more example of that. Opportunity Insights, the group at Harvard run by Raj Chetty has had some incredibly useful insights into social mobility and economic inequality in America, by using de-identified tax record data to understand over a long period of time, the differences in people's incomes. And I really think that that type of work is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to this enormous proliferation of data that is out there. So I think if the data can be made available to researchers, also to private organisations in a way that, as far as possible, mitigates the risks that do exist to people's privacy. There's no knowing quite how many scientific breakthroughs or advances in terms of human and social understanding that we might be able to get to. Todd Landman 28:52 Amazing and I guess, to your conditional optimism, I would add my own category, which is a cautious optimist, and that's what I am. But talking to you today does really provide deep insight to us to understand the many, many different and complex issues here and that last point you made about, you know, the de-identified data used for for good purposes - shining a light on things that that are characterising our society, it with a view to be able to do something about it, you see things that you wouldn't see before and that's one of the virtues of good data analysis is that you end up revealing macro patterns and inconsistencies and inequalities and other things that then can feed into the policymaking process to try to make the world a better place and human rights are no exception to that agenda. So for now, Sam, I just want to thank you so much for coming on to this episode and sharing all these incredible insights and, and and the work that you've done. So thank you. Chris Garrington 29:49 Thanks for listening to this episode of The Rights Track, which was presented by Todd Landman and produced by Chris Garrington of Research Podcasts with funding from 3DI. You can find a detailed transcript on the website at www.RightsTrack.org. And don't forget to subscribe wherever you listen to your podcasts to access future and earlier episodes. Further reading and resources: Sam Gilbert (2021) Good Data: An Optimist's Guide to Our Digital Future. Bill Lampos' covid infodemiology: Lampos, V., Majumder, M.S., Yom-Tov, E. et al. (2021) “Tracking COVID-19 using online search”. Infodemiology Japan/natural disasters paper: [1906.07770] Predicting Evacuation Decisions using Representations of Individuals' Pre-Disaster Web Search Behavior (arxiv.org) On “empowering power”: Greene, Amanda and Gilbert, Samuel J., (2021) “More Data, More Power? Towards a Theory of Digital Legitimacy”. On the Hippocratic oath for tech workers: James Williams (2018) Stand out of our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy. Matthias C. Kettemann and Konrad Lachmayer (eds.) (2022) Pandemocracy in Europe: Power, Parliaments and People in Times of COVID-19. W. Lance Bennett and Alexandra Segerberg (2013) The Logic of Connective Action; Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics.
This webinar was the launch of Mariam Salehi's latest book Transitional Justice in Process: Plans and Politics in Tunisia published by Manchester University Press. Transitional Justice in Process is the first book to comprehensively study the Tunisian transitional justice process. After the fall of the Ben Ali regime in 2011, Tunisia swiftly began dealing with its authoritarian past and initiated a comprehensive transitional justice process, with the Truth and Dignity Commission as its central institution. However, instead of bringing about peace and justice, transitional justice soon became an arena of contention. Mariam Salehi is a researcher at the intersection of peace and conflict studies, international politics, and international political sociology. Salehi is broadly interested in (conflictive) internationalised processes of change, (transitional) justice and the production and circulation of knowledge and ideas. Salehi is currently a research group leader at Freie Universität Berlin and is involved in the SEPAD project at Lancaster University. Previously, Salehi was A.SK Postdoctoral Fellow in the Global Governance Unit at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center and a Research Associate at the Center for Conflict Studies, University of Marburg. Salehi's academic work informs policy advice for federal ministries, political foundations and development agencies. As a doctoral researcher, Salehi worked in the research network 'Re-Configurations: History, Remembrance and Transformation Processes in the Middle East and North Africa' at the University of Marburg, which was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research. Salehi's doctoral dissertation on the Tunisian transitional justice process won the 2019 dissertation award of the German Middle East Studies Association. Charles Tripp is a Professor Emeritus of Politics with reference to the Middle East and North Africa, and a Fellow of the British Academy. His research interests include the nature of autocracy, state and resistance in the Middle East, the politics of Islamic identity and the relationship between art and power. He is currently working on a study of the emergence of the public and the rethinking of republican ideals in Tunisia. Together with other colleagues he has been one of the founders of the Centre for Comparative Political Thought at SOAS. Iavor Rangelov is Assistant Professorial Research Fellow at LSE IDEAS and Co-Founder of the Civic Ecosystems Initiative incubated at LSE. His research interests include human rights, human security, transitional justice, and civic activism, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected states. He is the author of Nationalism and the Rule of Law: Lessons from the Balkans and Beyond.
On se dirige vers un prix du blé à 400 euros la tonne. C'est du jamais vu dans l'histoire ! Le dernier record remonte à septembre 2007 où le cours avait atteint 303 euros la tonne. Quelques mois plus tard, cela avait conduit aux émeutes de la faim qui avaient occasionné des tensions sociales dans les pays du Nord de l'Afrique et du Moyen Orient. Les régimes de Moubarak en Egypte, Khadafi en Libye ou Ben Ali en Tunisie avaient fini par tomber suite aux printemps arabes en 2011 à cause d'un prix du pain trop élevé. On est dans la même configuration avec, en plus, la guerre entre Ukraine et Russie qui fournissent, à eux deux, 30% du blé mondial. Ecoutez L'éco and You avec Martial You du 07 mars 2022
In Episode 1 of Series 7 of The Rights Track, Todd is in conversation with Ben Lucas, Managing Director of the University of Nottingham's Data-Driven Discovery Initiative (3DI). Together they discuss the threat to human rights posed by aspects of a digital world and the opportunities it can create for positive change. Transcript Todd Landman 0:00 Welcome to The Rights Track podcast which gets the hard facts about the human rights challenges facing us today. In series seven, we're discussing human rights in a digital world. I'm Todd Landman, in our first episode of the series, I'm delighted to be joined by Ben Lucas. Ben is Managing Director of 3DI at the University of Nottingham. A hub for world class data science research, and a funder for this series of The Rights Track. To kick off the series, we're talking about some of the challenges and opportunities created in a data driven society, and particularly what all that means for our human rights. So welcome on this episode of The Rights Track. Ben Lucas 0:37 Thank you so much for having me. Todd Landman 0:38 It's great to have you here, Ben. And I guess I want to start with just to kind of broad open question. We've been living with the internet for a number of years now. When I first came to United Kingdom, we barely had the internet and suddenly the web exploded, and it is a wonderful thing. It's transformed our lives in so many different ways. But it's also created major challenges for human rights, law and practice around the world. So my first question really is, what are the key concerns? Ben Lucas 1:04 I think that the internet is perhaps not bad in and of itself, and in that regard, it's very similar to any other new and emerging technology. We look at something like the automobile there's obviously dangers that having cars on roads introduced into society, but there's also a lot of good as far as a boost in quality of life and economic productivity and so forth. I think the central challenge and one that's perhaps getting exponentially more challenging is the fact that often more now than ever, digital technologies are moving a lot faster than what the regulatory environment can keep up with. And also very importantly, humankind's ability to fully understand the potential consequences of misuse or what happens when things go wrong. Todd Landman 1:50 So in some ways, it is interesting, you could look at Moore's Law for example, technology increases exponentially and this point you're making about the inability for the regulatory environment to keep up with that. I think that's a crucial insight you've given us because human rights in a way is a regulatory environment. We have international standards; we have domestic standards. Ben Lucas 2:08 Correct. Todd Landman 2:09 We have de jure protection of rights, de facto enjoyment of rights, but oftentimes, there's a great tension or gap between those two things. And when new issues emerge, we either need a new standard, or we need a new interpretation of those standards to be able to apply to that new thing. So, we're going to call the Internet a new thing for now and it actually, this dual use of technology is also interesting to me. When barbed wire was invented it's a great thing because you can suddenly close off bits of land and keep animals in one place. And it's wonderful for agriculture, but it's also a way to control property. And as we know, the enclosure laws in this country led to quite a lot of political conflict. But if we get back to the questions then about, you know, positive and negative aspects of the Internet, what else can you share with us? Ben Lucas 2:50 There are examples such as work that colleagues in the Rights Lab are doing, for example, on the use of the Internet and in particular social media, for exploitation. So, child exploitation, for example. There's also terrible examples of migrant exploitation. People who join groups thinking it's going to be a community to help them to get a job in another place. And that turns out to be quite dodgy, so that there's examples that are just blatantly you know, bad and terrible and terrible things that happen on the internet. But then there are other examples that are, I think, much more complicated, especially around the transmission of information and new emergent keywords we're seeing around misinformation and disinformation. The power that user generated content can have to help mobilise activists and protests for good for example, to get information out when journalists can't get in. Then the flip side of that is the potential exploitation by nefarious actors who are obviously spreading information that potentially damages democracies and otherwise stable and important institutions around the world. The other thing I would sort of cite here would be work by our colleague, Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick with his book, The Good Drone. That's a really interesting contrast here. So, a book about the use of UAVs and where on the one hand, if we think about a UAV that's armed. Todd Landman 4:12 That's an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for our listeners. Ben Lucas 4:14 Yeah, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. And if we think about one of those drones that's armed and also potentially autonomous moving forward to some that's potentially you know, very, very scary. On the other hand, this same basic sort of technology platform could provide cheap and accessible technology to help mobilise social movements to help journalists for example. And so I think any debate around the good and bad of technology, that there's some really interesting and very complicated contrast involved. Todd Landman 4:43 And you know, you see drones being used for beautiful visual displays over you know, presidential inaugurations, for example. Ben Lucas 4:48 Exactly. Todd Landman 4:49 You see this big, colourful display, but that same swarm technology of UAVs can actually be used for combat for warfare, etc. And we know from the work on human rights, modern slavery and human trafficking that, you know, taking pictures of the Earth using satellites with swarms of satellites is very good, but then that can also be used for for ill as well and I think that challenge of the dual use of technology will always be with us. I wonder now if we could just turn to another set of questions, which is, is the difference between life online and life offline. Do we think that human rights rules are different for online and offline life or roughly the same? Ben Lucas 5:25 A lot of people argue that online is a mirror of offline, although there are those potentially really negative amplification effects involved in the bad stuff that happens in the real world so to speak, when you move it online because you can take something that's very small and suddenly make it very big. I think there's a degree of it really just being a mirror and potentially an amplifier for the offline. Again, I think the central problem when we talk about human rights and the general protection of users of the Internet, is again really this fact that the technology is just moving so fast. That regulation both it's you know, how it's developed, initiated, interpreted going forward, the tech just moves so much faster. And then I think what we're seeing now is really kind of a shock that internet users get after the fact but it's maybe the sort of Newton's third law effect. You know, tech moved so fast was so aggressive and so free in the way it kind of there was sort of a wild west of how we, you know, captured and used data. And now we're just sort of experiencing the backlash that you would expect. One other sort of complicated dimension here is that we really need regulation to protect users of the internet but of course, that's then balanced against examples we see around the world of the way the internet's regulated being used to oppress and suppress populations. There's a really important balance that we need to achieve there. We need to protect everybody online. We need to preserve freedom of access to information, freedom of speech. We don't want people to get hurt online, but we also don't want to do that in an oppressive way. Maybe one thing that's really different as far as human rights online and offline, will emerge in the future around artificial intelligence. The big question I think that researchers in artificial intelligence are dealing with be they folks who are working on the algorithmics or be they the colleagues in law who are working on the ethics and the legal side of it. The really big question is around sort of transparency and tractability what's actually happening in this magic algorithmic box? Can we make sure that people can have appropriate checks and balances on what these you know this this new class of machines is doing? Todd Landman 7:32 Well, it's interesting because there is this observation about people who, who who use AI and design those algorithms that the AI solution and the algorithm that's been designed reflects many of the biases of the coder in the first place. Ben Lucas 7:44 Exactly. Todd Landman 7:425 And who are these coders? Well, they come from a particular social demographic and therefore you're replicating their positionality through AI, yet AI is presented as this neutral machine that simply calculates things and gives you the best deals on whatever platform you might be shopping. Ben Lucas 7:58 Precisely. And a lot of these you know, if we think about machine learning in general, where we're training an algorithm, essentially a type of machine to do something it involves a training set that involves a training data set. Where is that coming from? Who's putting it together? Exactly what biases are present in that? And now, and this is probably one of the most pronounced differences when we think about sort of human rights offline and online. I think a really big issue going forward is going to be that of AI discrimination, basically, and we're seeing that in everything from financial services - you know a machine is making a decision about does somebody get a loan, does somebody get a good credit score, applications and facial recognition technology. Who are they trying to find? What are they trying to do with that tech? And this AI discrimination issue is going to be one of the, one of the key things about that online/offline contrast. Todd Landman 8:50 Yeah, you know running right through all of our human rights law discourses, one about you know no discrimination, right that there should not be discrimination by type of person. Ben Lucas 8:59 Correct. Todd Landman 9:00 And yet, we know in practice, there's law discrimination already. And in a way AI can only amplify or maybe accelerate some of that discrimination. So it's a good cautionary tale about you know, the, the, shall we say, the naive embrace of AI as a as a solution to our problems. I wonder if I might just move forward a little bit about the cross-border nature of the internet, one of the promises of the internet is that nation state boundaries disappear, that people can share information across space and time we've just lived through a pandemic, but we're able to talk to each other in meetings all around the world without having to get in any kind of form of transport. But what sort of things should we thinking about in terms of the cross-border nature of the internet? Ben Lucas 9:38 I think that I would encourage all listeners today to go back to Alain de Botton's book, The News; a User's Manual, and also some of the talks he gave around that period, I think around 2014. We can have a totally new interpretation of some of those very relevant ideas, where we are now in the present and I'm talking about what some people are calling the threat of the post truth era. We've seen a completely unprecedented explosion in the information that we have access to the ability to suddenly take somebody's very small idea, good or bad, and project to a massive audience. But with that comes, you know, the vulnerabilities around misinformation and disinformation campaigns and the threat that that leads to, you know, potentially threatening democracies threatening, you know, various populations around the world. And another important branch of work that we're doing is studying campaigns and user generated content, and actually studying what's being said, at scale within these large audiences. We've done quite some work, Todd and I are with the Rights Lab for example, looking at analysing campaigns on Twitter. And this really comes down to trying to get into, exactly as you would study any other marketing campaign, looking at how do you cut through clutter? How do you achieve salience? But then also through to more practical functional matters of campaigns such as you know, driving guaranteed region awareness, policy influence donations, but we're just doing that at a much larger scale, which is facilitated, obviously, by the fact that we have access to social media data. Todd Landman 11:16 It's unmediated supply of information that connects the person who generates the content to the person who consumes it. Ben Lucas 11:23 Yeah. Todd Landman 11:24 Earlier you were talking about the media you're talking about academia and others, you know, there's always some sort of accountability peer review element to that before something goes into the public domain. Whereas here you're talking about a massive democratisation of technology, a massive democratisation of content generation, but actually a collapse in the mediated form of that so that anybody can say anything, and if it gains traction, and in many ways, if it's repeated enough, and enough enough people believe it's actually true. And of course, we've seen that during the pandemic, but we see it across many other elements of politics, society, economy, etc, and culture. And yet, you know, there we are in this emerging post truth era, not really sure what to do about that. We see the proliferation of media organisations, the collapse of some more traditional media organisations, like broadsheet newspapers and others have had to change the way they do things and catch up. But that peer review element, that kind of sense check on the content that's being developed is gone in a way. Ben Lucas 12:18 Yep and it's potentially very scary because there's no editor in chief for, you know, someone's social media posts. On top of that, they probably have or could potentially have a far greater reach than a traditional media outlet. And I think the other thing is, I mean, we were kind of for warned on many of these issues. The NATO Review published quite some interesting work on Disinformation and Propaganda in the context of hybrid warfare, I think around sort of starting in 2016, or ramping up in 2016, which is, you know, also very fascinating read. And then the flip side again of this connectivity that we have now, I guess the good side, you know, is when user generated content is used in a good way. And again, that's examples like, you know, examples we've seen around the world with the mobilisation of protests for good causes or fighting for democracy, grassroots activism, and in particular, that ability to get information out when journalists can't get in. Todd Landman 13:15 You know it's interesting we did a study years ago, colleagues and I, on the the mobilisation against the Ben Ali regime in Tunisia, and we were particularly interested in the role of social media and Facebook platform for doing that. And it turned out that a. there was a diaspora living outside the country interested in the developments within the country but within the country, those who were more socially active on these platforms more likely to turn up to an event precisely because they could work out how many other people were going to go so it solves that collective action problem of you know, my personal risk and cost associated protesting is suddenly reduced because I know 100 other people are going to go. And you know, we did a systematic study of the motivations and mobilisation of those folks, you know, try, trying to oust the Ben Ali regime, but it gets to the heart of what you're saying that this this you know, user generated content can have a tech for good or a social good element to it. Ben Lucas 14:08 Exactly. And I think another important note here, that's maybe some sort of upside is that, you know, there are a lot of academics in a lot of different fields working on understanding this massive proliferation of connectivity as well. In a kind of, I guess, strange silver lining to many of the new problems that this technology may or may not have caused is that it's also given rise to the emergence of new fields like so we're talking about Infodemiology, now we've got some amazing studies happening on the subjects of echo chambers and confirmation bias and these types of type of themes and I think it's really given rise to some really interesting science and research and I have some some confidence that we've got, even if we don't have those, again, editors in chief on social media, I have confidence because we certainly have some, you know, wonderful scientists coming at this scenario from a lot of different angles, which I think also helps to sort of moderate and bring some of the downsides to the public attention. Todd Landman 15:04 Yeah, and let me jump to research now, because I'm really interested in the type of research that people are doing in 3DI here at the university. Can you just tell us a little bit about some of the projects and how they're utilising this new infodemiology as you call it, or new grasp and harnessing of these technologies? Ben Lucas 15:23 Yeah, so 3DI as the data driven discovery initiative, we're basically interested in all things applied data science. We have, I think, quite a broad and really wonderful portfolio of activity that we represent here at the University of Nottingham, in our Faculty of Social Science. Faculty of Social Sciences. This is everything from economics, to law, to business, to geography, and everything in between. We take a very broad exploratory approach to the kinds of questions that we're interested in solving, I would say. But we do tend to focus a lot on what we call local competitive advantage. So we're very interested in the region that we operate - Nottinghamshire - sectors and industry clusters where they have questions that can be answered via data science. Todd Landman 16:08 What sort of questions? What sort of things are they interested in? Ben Lucas 16:11 This is everything from the development of new financial services to really driving world class, new practice in digital marketing, developing and sort of advancing professions like law, where there is a very big appetite to bring in new sort of tech and data driven solutions into that space but a need to achieve those new sort of fusions and synergies. So that, that side is obviously very, you know, commercially focused, but very importantly, a big part of our portfolio is SDG focus. So Sustainable Development Goal focused, and we've got, I think, some really fascinating examples in that space. My colleagues in our N-Lab, which is a new demographic laboratory, based in the business school, are working on food poverty, for example. And they're doing this in what I think is really exciting way. They've teamed up with a food sharing app. So, this is very much driven by the start-up world. It's very much a marketplace offering. The platform is set up to combat, hopefully both hunger, but also food waste. So, we're talking SDG 2, and we're talking SDG 12, sustainable production and consumption. And they've then been able to expand this work not just from understanding the platform - how it works, not just helping the platform, how it can work and function better. But they've been able to take that data from the private sector and apply it to questions in the public sector. So, they are doing a lot of wonderful work. Todd Landman 17:37 So, people have a bit of surplus food, and they go on to the app and they say I've got an extra six eggs, and someone else goes on the app and says I need six eggs and then there's some sort of exchange, almost like an eBay for food. Ben Lucas 17:47 Exactly. Todd Landman 17:48 But as you say, people who are hungry get access to food for much less than going to the shop and buying it and. Ben Lucas 17:55 Or free. Todd Landman 17:56 And people with the extra six eggs don't chuck them out at the end of the week. They've actually given them to somebody right? Ben Lucas 18:01 Exactly. Todd Landman 18:02 And then from that you generate really interesting data that can be geo-located and filled into Maps, because then you can work out where the areas of deprivation then where people have, say, a higher probability of seeking less expensive food. Ben Lucas 18:15 Precisely. Yeah. And I think that's also a good segue into you know, so one of the other flagship projects we have is 3DI, which is tracktheeconomy.ac.uk where we've been looking at, again, taking data from the private sector, but also government data and looking at how economic deprivation might have been exacerbated or not or how it changed. In particular focused on COVID and what sort of shocks that brought about, but with the intention of taking that forward. And the biggest sort of revelations that we've had working on that project have been really around the need for better geographical granularity. The fact that a lot of our national statistics or you know, marketing research assessments that are made by companies are based on you know, bigger geographical chunks. Actually, if we can get more granular and get into some of that heterogeneity that might exist at smaller geographical levels, you know, that's that's really, really important. That really, really changes a lot of policy formulation, sort of scenarios and questions that policy makers have. Todd Landman 19:19 One of the big problems when when you aggregate stuff, you lose that specificity and precisely the areas that are in most need. So I wonder in this research that your your colleagues been doing and that you've been doing, you know, what's the end game? What are we working towards here? And how is that going to help us in terms of it from a human rights perspective? Ben Lucas 19:41 I think speaking from a personal perspective, when I was a student when I was first taught economics, I was taught in a way that really highlighted that this is you know, economics was was just something that everyone as a citizen should know even if you don't want to become an economist or an econometrician, you need to know it as a citizen. The same now very much applies when we talk about technologies that might not be familiar to all folks like AI data science. I think there's a lot to be said, as far as what I would say is a big sort of mission for 3DI is to really boost the accessibility of technical skills to really benefit people in terms of prosperity, but also just in terms of understanding as citizens what's actually going on. You know, if machines are going to be making decisions for us in the future, that we have a right to understand how those decisions are made. Also, if we think about other challenges, in the sort of AI and automation space around, you know, potentially people losing jobs because it's become automated. I think we have a right to know how and why that is. I think another big sort of an extension of that point is really in learning and getting technical skills out there to people for you know, potentially benefiting prosperity and the labour market. We really need to keep that very tightly paired with critical thinking skills. You know, we're very good as academics, thinking about things and breaking them down and analysing them especially you know, we as social scientists, you know, coding is probably going to be language of the future to borrow your quote Todd, but who's going to use that coding and what for? So I think we need to keep people in a good mindset and be using this this this technology and this power for good. And then the last point would be as something that's been done very well on this podcast in the past, is getting people to think both researchers and again, definitely citizens to think about the inextricably intertwined nature of the Sustainable Development Goals. You know, so for us at 3DI we're looking for those problems at scale, where we have measurements at scale, where we can do data science and crack big challenges, but I think whether you're doing you know, much more focused work or work with the SDGs at scale, it's all really interconnected. An obvious example, what is climate change going to do for you know, potentially displacing populations and the flow on, the horrible flow on effects that's going to have? So I really, I think that's yes, sort of our our mission, I would say, moving forward. Todd Landman 22:07 That's fantastic. So you've covered a lot of ground, Ben, it's been fascinating discussion, you know, from the dual use of technology and this age old question of the good and the bad of any kind of new technological advance. You've covered all things around the, you know, the mobilizational potential problems with post truth era. The expanse and proliferation of multiple sources of information in a sense in the absence of of that mediated or peer reviewed element. And this amazing gap between the speed of technology and the slowness of our regulatory frameworks, all of which have running right through them major challenges for the human rights community. So we're really excited about this series because we're going to be talking to a lot of people around precisely the issues you set out for us and many more. In the coming months we've got Martin Sheinin who is a great human rights expert, former UN Special Rapporteur, but now a global, British Academy global professor at the Bonavero Institute at the University of Oxford working on precisely these challenges for human rights law, and this new digital world. And that's going to be followed by a podcast with Diane Coyle, who's the Bennett Professor of Economics, University of Cambridge. It's interesting because she wrote a book in 1997 called The Weightless World, which is about this emerging digital transformation coming to the economy, and has now written a new book called Cogs and Monsters. It's a great take on the modern study of economics and the role of digital transformation. But for now, I just want to thank you, Ben, for joining us. It's exciting to hear about the work of 3DI. We appreciate the support of 3DI for this series of The Rights Track. We look forward to the guests and I think by the end of the series we would like to have you back on for some reflections about what we've learned over this series of the Rights Track. Ben Lucas 23:50 Happy to. Thank-you for having me. Christine Garrington 23:53 Thanks for listening to this episode of The Rights Track, which was presented by Todd Landman and produced by Chris Garrington of Research Podcasts with funding from 3DI. You can find detailed show notes on the website at www.RightsTrack.org. And don't forget to subscribe wherever you listen to your podcasts to access future and earlier episodes.
In this edition of Free City Radio we hear from Mohamed-Dhia Hammami, a PhD student and social activist from Tunisia focused on detailing economic injustice and labour union movements. Currently Mohamed is at Syracuse University and speaks in this exchange on the persisting systemic economic injustice in Tunisia post 2011 revolution. Importantly Mohamed places the recent events in Tunisia, the actions of President Kais Saied, who seized political power in what social movements in Tunisia define as a coup. Mohamed speaks about the ways that persisting political crisis in Tunisia is linked to the fact that all major political parities in the country haven't seriously addressed the neo-liberal economic policies in the country that were first put into serious practice during the Ben Ali dictatorship. Despite the undercutting of democracy in recent months, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, recently spoke by phone with President Saied, providing political clout to a leader who established their current power within the context of a military coup. Thank you to Mohamed for joining the show and to Safa Chebbi for helping facilitate this interview. Music on the edition today is by Anouar Brahem. Free City Radio is hosted and produced by Stefan @spirodon Christoff
For the grande finale of season 2, we are sharing our very favorite stories of God's faithfulness. There have been so many times over the past two years that have been terrifying, but as we reflect we can see how faithful God was each and every time. If right now you're terrified or feeling hopeless about how a difficult situation is going to turn out, turn this up and deny the devil the satisfaction of whispering fear into your ears in the silence. At the very least, this collection of stories will be excellent bedtime story material. IMPORTANT: We pray that we can keep this podcast ad free. One of the ways to help us do that is by donating directly to the podcast. This prevents us from having to spend time finding sponsors, asking you to purchase from sponsors, etc. If you are willing to donate to The Whether Channel Podcast, you can do so quickly and securely through this website link: www.alichristian.com/podcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ali-christian/message
Last week we skimmed the surface of this topic. This week we are diving in head first. We're talking about pornography, how to initiate sex when one partner is unable or seemingly uninterested, cultural pressures on marital sexuality and so much more. Please use discretion with little ears around as we are using vocabulary that may not be as kid friendly as our typical content. IMPORTANT: We pray that we can keep this podcast ad free. One of the ways to help us do that is by donating directly to the podcast. This prevents us from having to spend time finding sponsors, asking you to purchase from sponsors, etc. If you are willing to donate to The Whether Channel Podcast, you can do so quickly and securely through this website link: www.alichristian.com/podcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ali-christian/message
In this episode I'm having a conversation with my very favorite co-host, my husband, Ben Christian. We are chatting about what our relationship looked like, specifically regarding intimacy, while I was going through cancer treatment. We pray our transparency encourages your heart if you find yourself in a similar position as our family did just a short time ago. Here is the link to buy one of our favorite tees & support the show: alichristian.com/podcast IMPORTANT: We pray that we can keep this podcast ad free. One of the ways to help us do that is by donating directly to the podcast. This prevents us from having to spend time finding sponsors, asking you to purchase from sponsors, etc. If you are willing to donate to The Whether Channel Podcast, you can do so quickly and securely through this website link: www.alichristian.com/podcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ali-christian/message
Who would lead Tunisia into the next chapter of its history — the revolutionaries who had pushed Ben Ali out of power, or the returning Islamists who had spent years exiled in Europe?
Ben Ali was gone, but the trouble with popular uprisings is there's not a lot of foresight. So how do you bootstrap a democracy when you've never really had one?
The final days of the revolution crashed into Tunis and onto Avenue Habib Bourguiba, but as protesters called for Ben Ali to get out, a dark secret was hiding just below their feet.
What do a yacht heist, a tiger, and a couple dozen Porsche SUVs have to do with the police state that was Tunisia in 2010? Well, everything, actually. Come along for the ride as we meet Zine el-Abbedin Ben Ali and his wife, Leila Trabelsi, who built their outsized lives on the broken system that was crushing Tunisia.
The wave of revolutions that came to be known as the Arab Spring began a decade ago - in December of 2010.Arabs mobilised in their millions in collective calls for democracy, justice and freedom of expression. Governments fell. Autocrats - names like Mubarak, Gaddafi, Ben Ali - went with them.In one country after another, Arabs were tasting freedom of expression for the first time. Voices that had been ignored or silenced were finally telling their own stories, driving their own revolutions.In this special edition of The Listening Post, we take a retrospective look at what happened in the halcyon days of the Arab uprisings. And we discuss the subsequent crushing of democratic movements; the clampdowns on freedom of the press that remain in place today.We have chosen to focus on the stories of three countries: Tunisia, where the movement got its start; Egypt, where it appeared to reach its height; and Syria, where it hit a brick wall.Contributors:Zaina Erhaim - Journalist and communications trainerSherine Tadros - Deputy Director of Advocacy, Amnesty InternationalAdel Iskandar - Asst Professor of Global Communication, Simon Fraser UniversityKaram Nachar - Publisher and co-founder, Al JumhuriyaMarwan Kraidy - Dean and CEO, Northwestern University, QatarMonia Ben Hamadi - Editor-in-chief, Inkyfada-- Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe - Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish - Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera - Check our website: https://www.aljazeera.com/
On this episode Ben and I sharing the most beautiful (and ugly) parts of our cancer journey over the past year and a half and how we saw Jesus show up and redeem our family, our marriage, our mental health and even my body. ⠀ ⠀ SHOW NOTES: 1. You can find more details on what life really looked like in each stage of this cancer journey, on Ali's Instagram highlights at Instagram.com/ali__christian. 2. Ben didn't mention this in the podcast, but after my diagnosis he wrote a blog about how he was processing the possibility of losing me. Here it is: https://www.alichristian.com/blog/whatif --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ali-christian/message