Podcasts about histopathological

This DermSurgery Digest bonus content, aptly named “At the Microscope,” shares the latest research and techniques in dermatopathology. In this episode, we will review tumor upstaging related to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Contributors to this podcast include Naomi Lawrence, MD, Dermatologic Surgery Digital Content Editor; Ashley Elsensohn, MD, MPH, DermSurgery Digest at the Microscope co-host; Christine Ahn, MD; Jeff Gardner, MD; Marina K. Ibraheim, MD; and Michael P. Lee, MD. Articles featured in this episode include: Pham D, Tabba D, Zhou C, Chow C, Elsensohn A. Histopathological discrepancy of biopsy specimens compared to subsequent Mohs surgery or wide local excision specimens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Sep;91(3):518-519. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.04.047. Epub 2024 Apr 27. PMID: 38685403. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38685403/Lim GF, Perez OA, Zitelli JA, Brodland DG. Correlation of basal cell carcinoma subtype with histologically confirmed subclinical extension during Mohs micrographic surgery: A prospective multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Jun;86(6):1309-1317. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.02.037. Epub 2022 Feb 26. PMID: 35231546. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35231546/Knackstedt TJ, Brennick JB, Perry AE, Li Z, Quatrano NA, Samie FH. Frequency of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invasion in transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery: the Dartmouth-Hitchcock experience. Int J Dermatol. 2015 Jul;54(7):830-3. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12867. Epub 2015 Apr 27. PMID: 25920731. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25920731/Jackett LA, Gullifer JP, Scolyer RA. Evaluation of Multiple Tissue Levels Frequently Upstages Patients With Clinically Localized Thin Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2024 Oct 2. doi: 10.1111/cup.14726. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39357975. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39357975/ Your feedback is encouraged. Please contact communicationstaff@asds.net.

CardioNerds Cardio-Rheumatology Series Co-Chairs Dr. Rick Ferraro, Dr. Gurleen Kaur, and Episode Lead Dr. Ronaldo Correa discuss “The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease” with Dr. Antonio Abbate. Join the CardioNerds as they kick off the Cardio-Rheumatology series with Dr. Antonio Abbate. In this episode, Dr. Abbate, a leading expert in cardio-immunology, discusses the role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease. We explore the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation to atherosclerosis, the impact of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation on heart disease, and potential therapeutic targets. Dr. Abbate shares insights on how genes and lifestyle factors contribute to inflammation, the use of inflammatory markers in clinical practice, and emerging anti-inflammatory therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Tune in for an enlightening conversation on the intersection of inflammation and cardiovascular health. Dr. Ronaldo Correa drafted the notes. Episode audio was engineered by Dr. Amit Goyal. CardioNerds Prevention PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls - Cardio-Rheumatology: The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation is key in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Estimating systemic inflammation is part of a comprehensive preventive assessment (primary/secondary). Patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein (CRP) can estimate systemic inflammation and help assess residual inflammatory risk in patients with traditional intermediate/low cardiovascular disease, guiding management consideration with lipid-lowering therapy, aspirin, and colchicine. The pharmacological management of atherosclerosis is evolving beyond primarily lipid-lowering therapies to focus on targeting the underlying residual inflammatory process. Colchicine (inflammasome blocker as an anti-mitotic drug) is approved for use in chronic stable CVD in selected cases, and interleukin pathway blockers, especially IL-1 and IL-6, are under clinical trial investigation. First things first! Prioritize treating and optimizing traditional risk factors and comorbidities and emphasize lifestyle modifications to reduce cardiovascular disease (control diabetes and hypertension, reduce or cease smoking/alcohol, lose weight, and engage in regular physical activity). They all impact inflammation directly or indirectly Show notes - Cardio-Rheumatology: The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease Notes: Notes drafted by Dr. Ronaldo Correa. What is the link between inflammation and cardiovascular atherosclerosis? Inflammation is involved both in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis.Histopathological coronary atherosclerosis studies have demonstrated the presence of inflammatory mediators as well as a central role of factors of innate immunity such as macrophages and T cells which can interact with vascular smooth muscle cells in the progression of atherosclerotic plaque.Patients with autoimmune inflammatory conditions have earlier and higher cardiovascular event rates (accelerated atherosclerosis due to residual inflammatory risk). Elevated inflammatory markers (for example, high CRP) predict cardiovascular events. How should inflammation be considered in the context of residual cardiovascular risk? Inflammation may be the inciting factor in atherosclerosis, or it may amplify the process driven primarily by other risk factors. Therefore, treating the comorbidities and traditional CVD contributors is key to reducing the vicious inflammatory cycle.Assessing residual risk using inflammatory markers can assist in management. C-reactive protein (CRP) can estimate systemic inflammation and help assess re...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.07.527573v1?rss=1 Authors: Shalaby, R. A., Qureshi, M. M., Khan, M. A., Salam, S. M. A., Kwon, H. S., Lee, K. H., Chung, E., Kim, Y. R. Abstract: Background: Ischemic stroke typically accompanies numerous disorders ranging from somatosensory dysfunction to cognitive impairments, inflicting its patients with various neurologic symptoms. Among pathologic outcomes, post-stroke olfactory dysfunction is frequently observed. Despite the well-known prevalence, therapy options for such compromised olfaction are limited, likely due to the complexity of the olfactory bulb architecture, which encompasses both the peripheral and central nervous systems. As photobiomodulation (PBM) emerged for treating stroke-associated symptoms, the effectiveness of PBM on the stroke-induced impairment of the olfactory function was explored. Purpose: To address the efficacy of PBM therapy on the olfactory bulb damage caused by ischemic stroke using both behavioral and histologic and inflammatory markers in the newly developed stroke mouse models. Methods: Novel mouse models with olfactory dysfunction were prepared using photothrombosis (PT) in the olfactory bulb on day 0. Moreover, post-PT PBM was performed daily from day 2 to day 7 by irradiating the olfactory bulb using an 808 nm laser with the fluence of 40 J/cm2 (325 mW/cm2 for 2 minutes per day). The buried food test (BFT) was used for scoring behavioral acuity in the food-deprived mice to assess the olfactory function before PT, after PT, and after PBM. Histopathological examinations and cytokine assays were performed on the mouse brains harvested on day 8. Results: The results from BFT were specific to the individual, with positive correlations between the baseline latency time measured before PT and alterations at the ensuing stages for both the PT and PT+PBM groups. Also in both groups, the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the early and late latency time changes independent of PBM, implicating a common recovery mechanism. In particular, the PBM treatment largely accelerated the recovery of impaired olfaction after PT with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines while enhancing both the glial and vascular factors (e.g., GFAP, IBA-1, and CD31). Conclusions: The PBM therapy during the acute phase of ischemia improves the compromised olfactory function by modulating the microenvuronment and tissue inflammation. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, olfactory dysfunction, photothrombosis, photobiomodulation, buried food test, olfactory bulb, neuroinflammation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.10.523281v1?rss=1 Authors: Jones, E., Hill, E., Linehan, J., Nazari, T., Caulder, A., Codner, G. F., Hutchison, M., Mackenzie, M., Wiggins De Oliveira, M., Al-Doujaily, H., Sandberg, M., Vire, E., Cunningham, T. J., Asante, E. A., Brandner, S., Collinge, J., Mead, S. Abstract: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common human prion disease, which occurs when the cellular prion protein (PrPC) spontaneously misfolds into disease-associated forms, culminating in fatal neurodegeneration. In a genome-wide association study of sCJD we recently identified risk variants in and around the gene STX6, with evidence to suggest a causal increase of STX6 expression in disease-relevant brain regions. STX6 encodes syntaxin-6, a SNARE protein primarily involved in early endosome to trans-Golgi network retrograde transport. Here we investigated a causal role of Stx6 expression in mouse prion disease through a classical prion transmission study assessing the impact of homozygous and heterozygous syntaxin-6 knockout on disease incubation time and prion-related neuropathology. Homozygous (Stx6-/-) and heterozygous (Stx6+/-) knockout of Stx6 expression extended survival by 12 days following inoculation with RML prions relative to wildtype controls. Similarly, in Stx6-/- mice, disease incubation time following inoculation with ME7 prions was extended by 12 days. Histopathological analysis revealed a modest increase in astrogliosis in ME7-inoculated Stx6-/- animals and a variable effect of Stx6 expression on microglia activation, however no differences in neuronal loss, spongiform change or PrP deposition were observed at endpoint. Importantly, Stx6-/- mice are viable and fertile with no gross impairments on a range of neurological, biochemical, histological and skeletal structure tests. Our results provide confirmatory evidence for a pathological role of Stx6 expression in prion disease and support further exploration of syntaxin-6 lowering as a potential therapeutic strategy. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.17.508390v1?rss=1 Authors: Uner, A. A., Hou, Z.-S., Aydogan, A., Rodrigues, K. C. d. C., Young, J., Choi, A., Yang, W.-M., Kang, J., Kim, W., PREVOT, V., Caldarone, B. J., Lee, H., Kim, Y.-B. Abstract: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and metabolic signal transport across the brain, while its dysfunction has been associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimers disease. However, the impact of LRP1 in GABAergic neurons on neurodegeneration and memory is poorly understood. Mice lacking LRP1 in GABAergic neurons (Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP) were subjected to behavioral tests for memory and learning. Here we show that the loss of LRP1 in GABAergic neurons causes significant impairment in short-term memory. The spatial Y-maze test revealed that Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice exhibited decreased travel distance and duration in the novel arm compared to the controls (LRP1loxP/loxP mice). A reduction in correct responses to find the escape platform in the water T-maze test was found when LRP1 is absent in GABAergic neurons. Moreover, the distance and duration in the novel arm as well as the performance of the reversal water T-maze test were negatively correlated with body weight as well as serum levels of leptin, insulin, and ApoJ. Mice lacking LRP1 in GABAergic neurons displayed decreased freezing time in the contextual and cued fear conditioning test. Histopathological evaluation of the hippocampus revealed that Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice had greater neuronal necrosis and neuroinflammation than those of LRP1loxP/loxP mice. These findings suggest that LRP1 in GABAergic neurons may play a crucial role in maintaining normal memory function and could be a molecular target for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

REFERÊNCIAS1.Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME, Agalbato C, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, et al. Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(1):27-36.2.Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.3.Hochhegger B, Mandelli NS, Stuker G, Meirelles GSP, Zanon M, Mohammed TL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):436-42.4.Besutti G, Ottone M, Fasano T, Pattacini P, Iotti V, Spaggiari L, et al. The value of computed tomography in assessing the risk of death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency room. Eur Radiol. 2021.5.Mogami R, Lopes AJ, Araujo Filho RC, de Almeida FCS, Messeder A, Koifman ACB, et al. Chest computed tomography in COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study of 155 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiol Bras. 2021;54(1):1-8.6.Cau R, Falaschi Z, Pasche A, Danna P, Arioli R, Arru CD, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU-patients. J Public Health Res. 2021.7.Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, Chung M, Haramati LB, Kallmes DF, et al. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Radiology. 2021;299(3):E262-E79.8.Pourhoseingholi MA, Jafari R, Jafari NJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Nourbakhsh M, Vahedian-Azimi A, et al. Predicting 1-year post-COVID-19 mortality based on chest computed tomography scan. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5694-6.9.Kato S, Ishiwata Y, Aoki R, Iwasawa T, Hagiwara E, Ogura T, et al. Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2021;102(9):493-500.10.Ozer H, Kilincer A, Uysal E, Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, et al. Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(9):877-88.11.Ramanan RV, Joshi AR, Venkataramanan A, Nambi SP, Badhe R. Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(Suppl 1):S45-S52.12.Axiaq A, Almohtadi A, Massias SA, Ngemoh D, Harky A. The role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(3):163-8.13.Ishfaq A, Yousaf Farooq SM, Goraya A, Yousaf M, Gilani SA, Kiran A, et al. Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography chest in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID -19 patients -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100350.14.Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know? Pol J Radiol. 2021;86:e122-e35.15.Revel MP, Boussouar S, de Margerie-Mellon C, Saab I, Lapotre T, Mompoint D, et al. Study of Thoracic CT in COVID-19: The STOIC Project. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E361-E70.16.Au-Yong I, Higashi Y, Giannotti E, Fogarty A, Morling JR, Grainge M, et al. Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210986.17.Little BP. Disease Severity Scoring for COVID-19: A Welcome (Semi)Quantitative Role for Chest Radiography. Radiology. 2021:212212.18.Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stoger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104.19.Ozel M, Aslan A, Arac S. Use of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) classification and chest computed tomography involvement score (CT-IS) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Med. 2021;126(5):679-87.20.Byrne D, Neill SBO, Muller NL, Muller CIS, Walsh JP, Jalal S, et al. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(1):159-66.21.Fonseca E, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Garcia JVR, Gama VAA, et al. Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e2476.22.Barisione E, Grillo F, Ball L, Bianchi R, Grosso M, Morbini P, et al. Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):471-85.23.Kianzad A, Meijboom LJ, Nossent EJ, Roos E, Schurink B, Bonta PI, et al. COVID-19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography. Respirology. 2021;26(9):869-77.24.Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, Nugent SL, Zubkus D, Tan CD, et al. Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(4):506-14.25.De Cobelli F, Palumbo D, Ciceri F, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, Rovere-Querini P, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.26.Vlachou M, Drebes A, Candilio L, Weeraman D, Mir N, Murch N, et al. Pulmonary thrombosis in Covid-19: before, during and after hospital admission. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;51(4):978-84.27.Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, Polidori T, Lucertini E, Pucciarelli F, et al. Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: 6-month Chest CT Follow-up. Radiology. 2021:210834.28.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Li N, Jia X, Yuan M, et al. Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E177-E86.29.Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:211396.30.Wells AU, Devaraj A, Desai SR. Interstitial Lung Disease after COVID-19 Infection: A Catalog of Uncertainties. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E216-E8.31.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at 1-year Follow-up CT after Severe COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210972.32.Lindahl A, Reijula J, Malmberg LP, Aro M, Vasankari T, Makela MJ. Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):237.33.Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. 2021.34.Lopes AJ, Mafort TT, da Cal MS, Monnerat LB, Litrento PF, Ramos I, et al. Impulse Oscillometry Findings and Their Associations With Lung Ultrasound Signs in COVID-19 Survivors. Respir Care. 2021.35.Wells AU, Devaraj A. Residual Lung Disease at 6-month Follow-up CT after COVID-19: Clinical Significance Is a Key Issue. Radiology. 2021:211284.

REFERÊNCIAS1.Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME, Agalbato C, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, et al. Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(1):27-36.2.Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.3.Hochhegger B, Mandelli NS, Stuker G, Meirelles GSP, Zanon M, Mohammed TL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):436-42.4.Besutti G, Ottone M, Fasano T, Pattacini P, Iotti V, Spaggiari L, et al. The value of computed tomography in assessing the risk of death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency room. Eur Radiol. 2021.5.Mogami R, Lopes AJ, Araujo Filho RC, de Almeida FCS, Messeder A, Koifman ACB, et al. Chest computed tomography in COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study of 155 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiol Bras. 2021;54(1):1-8.6.Cau R, Falaschi Z, Pasche A, Danna P, Arioli R, Arru CD, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU-patients. J Public Health Res. 2021.7.Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, Chung M, Haramati LB, Kallmes DF, et al. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Radiology. 2021;299(3):E262-E79.8.Pourhoseingholi MA, Jafari R, Jafari NJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Nourbakhsh M, Vahedian-Azimi A, et al. Predicting 1-year post-COVID-19 mortality based on chest computed tomography scan. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5694-6.9.Kato S, Ishiwata Y, Aoki R, Iwasawa T, Hagiwara E, Ogura T, et al. Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2021;102(9):493-500.10.Ozer H, Kilincer A, Uysal E, Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, et al. Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(9):877-88.11.Ramanan RV, Joshi AR, Venkataramanan A, Nambi SP, Badhe R. Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(Suppl 1):S45-S52.12.Axiaq A, Almohtadi A, Massias SA, Ngemoh D, Harky A. The role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(3):163-8.13.Ishfaq A, Yousaf Farooq SM, Goraya A, Yousaf M, Gilani SA, Kiran A, et al. Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography chest in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID -19 patients -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100350.14.Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know? Pol J Radiol. 2021;86:e122-e35.15.Revel MP, Boussouar S, de Margerie-Mellon C, Saab I, Lapotre T, Mompoint D, et al. Study of Thoracic CT in COVID-19: The STOIC Project. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E361-E70.16.Au-Yong I, Higashi Y, Giannotti E, Fogarty A, Morling JR, Grainge M, et al. Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210986.17.Little BP. Disease Severity Scoring for COVID-19: A Welcome (Semi)Quantitative Role for Chest Radiography. Radiology. 2021:212212.18.Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stoger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104.19.Ozel M, Aslan A, Arac S. Use of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) classification and chest computed tomography involvement score (CT-IS) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Med. 2021;126(5):679-87.20.Byrne D, Neill SBO, Muller NL, Muller CIS, Walsh JP, Jalal S, et al. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(1):159-66.21.Fonseca E, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Garcia JVR, Gama VAA, et al. Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e2476.22.Barisione E, Grillo F, Ball L, Bianchi R, Grosso M, Morbini P, et al. Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):471-85.23.Kianzad A, Meijboom LJ, Nossent EJ, Roos E, Schurink B, Bonta PI, et al. COVID-19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography. Respirology. 2021;26(9):869-77.24.Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, Nugent SL, Zubkus D, Tan CD, et al. Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(4):506-14.25.De Cobelli F, Palumbo D, Ciceri F, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, Rovere-Querini P, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.26.Vlachou M, Drebes A, Candilio L, Weeraman D, Mir N, Murch N, et al. Pulmonary thrombosis in Covid-19: before, during and after hospital admission. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;51(4):978-84.27.Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, Polidori T, Lucertini E, Pucciarelli F, et al. Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: 6-month Chest CT Follow-up. Radiology. 2021:210834.28.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Li N, Jia X, Yuan M, et al. Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E177-E86.29.Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:211396.30.Wells AU, Devaraj A, Desai SR. Interstitial Lung Disease after COVID-19 Infection: A Catalog of Uncertainties. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E216-E8.31.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at 1-year Follow-up CT after Severe COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210972.32.Lindahl A, Reijula J, Malmberg LP, Aro M, Vasankari T, Makela MJ. Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):237.33.Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. 2021.34.Lopes AJ, Mafort TT, da Cal MS, Monnerat LB, Litrento PF, Ramos I, et al. Impulse Oscillometry Findings and Their Associations With Lung Ultrasound Signs in COVID-19 Survivors. Respir Care. 2021.35.Wells AU, Devaraj A. Residual Lung Disease at 6-month Follow-up CT after COVID-19: Clinical Significance Is a Key Issue. Radiology. 2021:211284.

REFERÊNCIAS1.Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME, Agalbato C, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, et al. Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(1):27-36.2.Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.3.Hochhegger B, Mandelli NS, Stuker G, Meirelles GSP, Zanon M, Mohammed TL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):436-42.4.Besutti G, Ottone M, Fasano T, Pattacini P, Iotti V, Spaggiari L, et al. The value of computed tomography in assessing the risk of death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency room. Eur Radiol. 2021.5.Mogami R, Lopes AJ, Araujo Filho RC, de Almeida FCS, Messeder A, Koifman ACB, et al. Chest computed tomography in COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study of 155 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiol Bras. 2021;54(1):1-8.6.Cau R, Falaschi Z, Pasche A, Danna P, Arioli R, Arru CD, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU-patients. J Public Health Res. 2021.7.Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, Chung M, Haramati LB, Kallmes DF, et al. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Radiology. 2021;299(3):E262-E79.8.Pourhoseingholi MA, Jafari R, Jafari NJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Nourbakhsh M, Vahedian-Azimi A, et al. Predicting 1-year post-COVID-19 mortality based on chest computed tomography scan. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5694-6.9.Kato S, Ishiwata Y, Aoki R, Iwasawa T, Hagiwara E, Ogura T, et al. Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2021;102(9):493-500.10.Ozer H, Kilincer A, Uysal E, Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, et al. Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(9):877-88.11.Ramanan RV, Joshi AR, Venkataramanan A, Nambi SP, Badhe R. Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(Suppl 1):S45-S52.12.Axiaq A, Almohtadi A, Massias SA, Ngemoh D, Harky A. The role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(3):163-8.13.Ishfaq A, Yousaf Farooq SM, Goraya A, Yousaf M, Gilani SA, Kiran A, et al. Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography chest in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID -19 patients -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100350.14.Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know? Pol J Radiol. 2021;86:e122-e35.15.Revel MP, Boussouar S, de Margerie-Mellon C, Saab I, Lapotre T, Mompoint D, et al. Study of Thoracic CT in COVID-19: The STOIC Project. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E361-E70.16.Au-Yong I, Higashi Y, Giannotti E, Fogarty A, Morling JR, Grainge M, et al. Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210986.17.Little BP. Disease Severity Scoring for COVID-19: A Welcome (Semi)Quantitative Role for Chest Radiography. Radiology. 2021:212212.18.Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stoger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104.19.Ozel M, Aslan A, Arac S. Use of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) classification and chest computed tomography involvement score (CT-IS) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Med. 2021;126(5):679-87.20.Byrne D, Neill SBO, Muller NL, Muller CIS, Walsh JP, Jalal S, et al. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(1):159-66.21.Fonseca E, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Garcia JVR, Gama VAA, et al. Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e2476.22.Barisione E, Grillo F, Ball L, Bianchi R, Grosso M, Morbini P, et al. Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):471-85.23.Kianzad A, Meijboom LJ, Nossent EJ, Roos E, Schurink B, Bonta PI, et al. COVID-19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography. Respirology. 2021;26(9):869-77.24.Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, Nugent SL, Zubkus D, Tan CD, et al. Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(4):506-14.25.De Cobelli F, Palumbo D, Ciceri F, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, Rovere-Querini P, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.26.Vlachou M, Drebes A, Candilio L, Weeraman D, Mir N, Murch N, et al. Pulmonary thrombosis in Covid-19: before, during and after hospital admission. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;51(4):978-84.27.Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, Polidori T, Lucertini E, Pucciarelli F, et al. Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: 6-month Chest CT Follow-up. Radiology. 2021:210834.28.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Li N, Jia X, Yuan M, et al. Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E177-E86.29.Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:211396.30.Wells AU, Devaraj A, Desai SR. Interstitial Lung Disease after COVID-19 Infection: A Catalog of Uncertainties. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E216-E8.31.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at 1-year Follow-up CT after Severe COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210972.32.Lindahl A, Reijula J, Malmberg LP, Aro M, Vasankari T, Makela MJ. Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):237.33.Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. 2021.34.Lopes AJ, Mafort TT, da Cal MS, Monnerat LB, Litrento PF, Ramos I, et al. Impulse Oscillometry Findings and Their Associations With Lung Ultrasound Signs in COVID-19 Survivors. Respir Care. 2021.35.Wells AU, Devaraj A. Residual Lung Disease at 6-month Follow-up CT after COVID-19: Clinical Significance Is a Key Issue. Radiology. 2021:211284.

REFERÊNCIAS1.Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME, Agalbato C, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, et al. Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(1):27-36.2.Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.3.Hochhegger B, Mandelli NS, Stuker G, Meirelles GSP, Zanon M, Mohammed TL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):436-42.4.Besutti G, Ottone M, Fasano T, Pattacini P, Iotti V, Spaggiari L, et al. The value of computed tomography in assessing the risk of death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency room. Eur Radiol. 2021.5.Mogami R, Lopes AJ, Araujo Filho RC, de Almeida FCS, Messeder A, Koifman ACB, et al. Chest computed tomography in COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study of 155 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiol Bras. 2021;54(1):1-8.6.Cau R, Falaschi Z, Pasche A, Danna P, Arioli R, Arru CD, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU-patients. J Public Health Res. 2021.7.Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, Chung M, Haramati LB, Kallmes DF, et al. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Radiology. 2021;299(3):E262-E79.8.Pourhoseingholi MA, Jafari R, Jafari NJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Nourbakhsh M, Vahedian-Azimi A, et al. Predicting 1-year post-COVID-19 mortality based on chest computed tomography scan. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5694-6.9.Kato S, Ishiwata Y, Aoki R, Iwasawa T, Hagiwara E, Ogura T, et al. Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2021;102(9):493-500.10.Ozer H, Kilincer A, Uysal E, Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, et al. Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(9):877-88.11.Ramanan RV, Joshi AR, Venkataramanan A, Nambi SP, Badhe R. Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(Suppl 1):S45-S52.12.Axiaq A, Almohtadi A, Massias SA, Ngemoh D, Harky A. The role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(3):163-8.13.Ishfaq A, Yousaf Farooq SM, Goraya A, Yousaf M, Gilani SA, Kiran A, et al. Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography chest in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID -19 patients -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100350.14.Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know? Pol J Radiol. 2021;86:e122-e35.15.Revel MP, Boussouar S, de Margerie-Mellon C, Saab I, Lapotre T, Mompoint D, et al. Study of Thoracic CT in COVID-19: The STOIC Project. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E361-E70.16.Au-Yong I, Higashi Y, Giannotti E, Fogarty A, Morling JR, Grainge M, et al. Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210986.17.Little BP. Disease Severity Scoring for COVID-19: A Welcome (Semi)Quantitative Role for Chest Radiography. Radiology. 2021:212212.18.Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stoger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104.19.Ozel M, Aslan A, Arac S. Use of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) classification and chest computed tomography involvement score (CT-IS) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Med. 2021;126(5):679-87.20.Byrne D, Neill SBO, Muller NL, Muller CIS, Walsh JP, Jalal S, et al. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(1):159-66.21.Fonseca E, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Garcia JVR, Gama VAA, et al. Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e2476.22.Barisione E, Grillo F, Ball L, Bianchi R, Grosso M, Morbini P, et al. Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):471-85.23.Kianzad A, Meijboom LJ, Nossent EJ, Roos E, Schurink B, Bonta PI, et al. COVID-19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography. Respirology. 2021;26(9):869-77.24.Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, Nugent SL, Zubkus D, Tan CD, et al. Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(4):506-14.25.De Cobelli F, Palumbo D, Ciceri F, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, Rovere-Querini P, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.26.Vlachou M, Drebes A, Candilio L, Weeraman D, Mir N, Murch N, et al. Pulmonary thrombosis in Covid-19: before, during and after hospital admission. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;51(4):978-84.27.Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, Polidori T, Lucertini E, Pucciarelli F, et al. Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: 6-month Chest CT Follow-up. Radiology. 2021:210834.28.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Li N, Jia X, Yuan M, et al. Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E177-E86.29.Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:211396.30.Wells AU, Devaraj A, Desai SR. Interstitial Lung Disease after COVID-19 Infection: A Catalog of Uncertainties. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E216-E8.31.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at 1-year Follow-up CT after Severe COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210972.32.Lindahl A, Reijula J, Malmberg LP, Aro M, Vasankari T, Makela MJ. Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):237.33.Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. 2021.34.Lopes AJ, Mafort TT, da Cal MS, Monnerat LB, Litrento PF, Ramos I, et al. Impulse Oscillometry Findings and Their Associations With Lung Ultrasound Signs in COVID-19 Survivors. Respir Care. 2021.35.Wells AU, Devaraj A. Residual Lung Disease at 6-month Follow-up CT after COVID-19: Clinical Significance Is a Key Issue. Radiology. 2021:211284.

REFERÊNCIAS1.Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME, Agalbato C, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, et al. Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(1):27-36.2.Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.3.Hochhegger B, Mandelli NS, Stuker G, Meirelles GSP, Zanon M, Mohammed TL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):436-42.4.Besutti G, Ottone M, Fasano T, Pattacini P, Iotti V, Spaggiari L, et al. The value of computed tomography in assessing the risk of death in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency room. Eur Radiol. 2021.5.Mogami R, Lopes AJ, Araujo Filho RC, de Almeida FCS, Messeder A, Koifman ACB, et al. Chest computed tomography in COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study of 155 patients at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiol Bras. 2021;54(1):1-8.6.Cau R, Falaschi Z, Pasche A, Danna P, Arioli R, Arru CD, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU-patients. J Public Health Res. 2021.7.Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, Chung M, Haramati LB, Kallmes DF, et al. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Radiology. 2021;299(3):E262-E79.8.Pourhoseingholi MA, Jafari R, Jafari NJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Nourbakhsh M, Vahedian-Azimi A, et al. Predicting 1-year post-COVID-19 mortality based on chest computed tomography scan. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5694-6.9.Kato S, Ishiwata Y, Aoki R, Iwasawa T, Hagiwara E, Ogura T, et al. Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2021;102(9):493-500.10.Ozer H, Kilincer A, Uysal E, Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, et al. Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(9):877-88.11.Ramanan RV, Joshi AR, Venkataramanan A, Nambi SP, Badhe R. Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(Suppl 1):S45-S52.12.Axiaq A, Almohtadi A, Massias SA, Ngemoh D, Harky A. The role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(3):163-8.13.Ishfaq A, Yousaf Farooq SM, Goraya A, Yousaf M, Gilani SA, Kiran A, et al. Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography chest in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID -19 patients -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100350.14.Razek A, Fouda N, Fahmy D, Tanatawy MS, Sultan A, Bilal M, et al. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know? Pol J Radiol. 2021;86:e122-e35.15.Revel MP, Boussouar S, de Margerie-Mellon C, Saab I, Lapotre T, Mompoint D, et al. Study of Thoracic CT in COVID-19: The STOIC Project. Radiology. 2021;301(1):E361-E70.16.Au-Yong I, Higashi Y, Giannotti E, Fogarty A, Morling JR, Grainge M, et al. Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210986.17.Little BP. Disease Severity Scoring for COVID-19: A Welcome (Semi)Quantitative Role for Chest Radiography. Radiology. 2021:212212.18.Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stoger L, Beenen L, et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104.19.Ozel M, Aslan A, Arac S. Use of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) classification and chest computed tomography involvement score (CT-IS) in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Med. 2021;126(5):679-87.20.Byrne D, Neill SBO, Muller NL, Muller CIS, Walsh JP, Jalal S, et al. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(1):159-66.21.Fonseca E, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Garcia JVR, Gama VAA, et al. Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e2476.22.Barisione E, Grillo F, Ball L, Bianchi R, Grosso M, Morbini P, et al. Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):471-85.23.Kianzad A, Meijboom LJ, Nossent EJ, Roos E, Schurink B, Bonta PI, et al. COVID-19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography. Respirology. 2021;26(9):869-77.24.Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, Nugent SL, Zubkus D, Tan CD, et al. Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(4):506-14.25.De Cobelli F, Palumbo D, Ciceri F, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, Rovere-Querini P, et al. Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.26.Vlachou M, Drebes A, Candilio L, Weeraman D, Mir N, Murch N, et al. Pulmonary thrombosis in Covid-19: before, during and after hospital admission. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;51(4):978-84.27.Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, Polidori T, Lucertini E, Pucciarelli F, et al. Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: 6-month Chest CT Follow-up. Radiology. 2021:210834.28.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Li N, Jia X, Yuan M, et al. Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E177-E86.29.Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:211396.30.Wells AU, Devaraj A, Desai SR. Interstitial Lung Disease after COVID-19 Infection: A Catalog of Uncertainties. Radiology. 2021;299(1):E216-E8.31.Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at 1-year Follow-up CT after Severe COVID-19. Radiology. 2021:210972.32.Lindahl A, Reijula J, Malmberg LP, Aro M, Vasankari T, Makela MJ. Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):237.33.Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Internet]. 2021.34.Lopes AJ, Mafort TT, da Cal MS, Monnerat LB, Litrento PF, Ramos I, et al. Impulse Oscillometry Findings and Their Associations With Lung Ultrasound Signs in COVID-19 Survivors. Respir Care. 2021.35.Wells AU, Devaraj A. Residual Lung Disease at 6-month Follow-up CT after COVID-19: Clinical Significance Is a Key Issue. Radiology. 2021:211284.

Researchers study preventing cancer and diabetes with the maqui berry NOVA Southeastern University of Florida, May 27, 2021 Aristotelia chilensis, also known as maqui berry, is a fruit-bearing shrub native to South America.  According to a study published in the journal Phytochemical Analysis, maqui berries are rich in anthocyanins, which give the fruits their dark purple color. Anthocyanins are plant pigments that possess many remarkable biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer activities. In a recent study, researchers at NOVA Southeastern University in Florida discussed the potential of Chilean maqui berry for use as a nutritional supplement that can help treat hyperinsulinemia and related diseases. Hyperinsulinemia, or higher-than-normal insulin levels, is often caused by insulin resistance, which is said to be the precursor to diabetes. Chronic hyperinsulinemia also promotes cancer growth by allowing insulin to exert its oncogenic effects, which include enhancing growth factor-dependent cell proliferation, among others. The researchers discussed how Chilean maqui berry can help with insulin resistance and reduce cancer risk in an article published in the journal Food Science and Human Wellness. The medicinal benefits of Chilean maqui berry Researchers have long considered nutritional supplementation to be a possible alternative or adjunct treatment to conventional therapies for common ailments and diseases. According to recent studies, maqui berries can reduce postprandial insulin levels by as much as 50 percent and are just as effective as metformin at increasing insulin sensitivity and stabilizing blood glucose levels. Maqui berries’ mechanism of action involves inhibiting sodium-dependent glucosetransporters in the small intestine and slowing the rate of entry of glucose in the bloodstream. Thanks to these actions, maqui berries can effectively reduce the likelihood of blood sugar spikes and prevent the corresponding rise in insulin levels that follows.  At the same time, maqui berries contribute to cancer prevention since chronically high blood glucose levels — besides chronic hyperinsulinemia — are also linked to the development of cancer. In fact, numerous studies have shown that diabetics and prediabetics have an elevated risk of developing cancerous growths. Based on the findings of previous studies, the researchers believe that consistent supplementation with Chilean maqui berries could indirectly reduce the risk of cancer and other diseases that are promoted by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hyperinsulinemia.     Studies reveal that social isolation and quarantine throughout the COVID-19 pandemic may have a detrimental impact on physical and mental health of people living with pre-existing conditions University of Naples (Italy) and Teva Pharmaceuticals, May 30, 2021   Abstract 803: Impact of social isolation and quarantine on the course of diabetes mellitus and its complications during Covid 19 pandemic in Adjara Region Country of Georgia Abstract 1337: Psychological distress in patients with hypocortisolism during mass quarantine for Covid-19 epidemic in Italy Studies reveal that social isolation and quarantine throughout the COVID-19 pandemic may have a detrimental impact on people living with pre-existing conditions.  Social isolation and quarantine can have a detrimental impact on physical and mental health of people living with pre-existing conditions, according to two studies being presented at the 23rd European Congress of Endocrinology (e-ECE 2021)  The studies bring together research on the impact of social isolation and quarantine for people living with diabetes in the Adjara Region of Georgia, and on patients with hypocortisolism in Italy. Both studies reported that social isolation during the pandemic caused significant psychological and/or physical distress on the observed individuals.  Data from the first study revealed that the impact of quarantine on people living with diabetes in the Adjara Region caused blood pressure (BP) levels to increase in 88.2% of patients with 50% of these cases resulting in high BP hospitalisation. In addition to these physical factors, increased feelings of anxiety and fear were observed on 82% of patients. In the second study, patients with hypocortisolism experienced increased anxiety and depression, associated with a dissatisfaction feeling of self and a reduced resiliency, when compared with Italian healthy controls. As these are all contributing factors to overall health deterioration, these findings suggest further research is required to allow patients with pre-existing conditions to remain fit and healthy during the current pandemic. In the Adjara Region study, Dr Liana Jashi and the research team disseminated an online questionnaire and collected answers from 16 endocrinologists and 22 family and general practice doctors. The study confirmed the negative, indirect effects social isolation and quarantine had on people living with diabetes. It reported a list of negative effects such as the reduced access to medical care, weight gain and increased cigarette and alcohol consumption. Physical activity decreased by 29.8%, a vital preventative to further physical and psychological problems.  "This study highlights that people living with diabetes require greater support during pandemics to maintain exercise and protect their physical and mental health. National health services should use these data and future studies to implement better social care around supporting people with pre-existing conditions," commented Dr Jashi. In the second study, Dr Chiara Simeoli at the University of Naples reported data collected during the last three weeks of the mass quarantine lasted 2 months in Italy, in a web-survey-based, multicenter, case- control research involving 12 different Italian centres. The study confirmed that a large cohort of 478 patients with hypocortisolism, and particularly, 363 with adrenal insufficiency and 115 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adequately treated with glucocorticoids, showed higher anxiety and depression, associated with a dissatisfaction feeling of self and a reduced resiliency, when compared with Italian healthy controls, suggesting the detrimental impact of social isolation on mental health of these patients, particularly frail and vulnerable to infections and stress. Moreover, patients with adrenal insufficiency reported a worse quality of life than patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.  "These findings confirmed that beyond the huge impact on physical health, COVID-19 epidemic, social isolation and mass quarantine represent significant psychological stressors, causing severe effects on mental health, even more on people with pre-existing conditions. An empowerment of psychological counselling for these vulnerable patients during COVID-19 should be considered by national health-care services," adds Dr Simeoli.  Both studies indicate that additional larger studies over a longer period of time are needed for further investigation.       Researchers discover link between local oxygen depletion in the brain and Alzheimer's disease University of Seville (Spain), May 24, 2021 The study, published in the journal Nature Aging and led by the laboratories of Dr. Alberto Pascual (CSIC), from the Neuronal Maintenance Mechanisms Group, and Prof. Javier Vitorica (University of Seville/CIBERNED) of the Physiopathology of Alzheimer's Disease Group at IBiS, demonstrates for the first time that low oxygen levels in the so-called senile plaques in the brain reduces the immune system's defensive capacity against the disease. The study also suggests that this lack of oxygen in the brain enhances the action of disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease that are characterized by low systemic oxygen levels, such as atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. What happens in the brain? A characteristic feature of Alzheimer's patients is the accumulation of highly toxic substances in their brains, known as senile plaques. The brain has an immune system whose main component are the microglial cells, which were first described and named 100 years ago by Pío del Río Hortega, a disciple of Ramón y Cajal. In the absence of damage, these cells facilitate the neurons' function. In response to Alzheimer's disease, microglia defend neurons by surrounding senile plaques, preventing their spread in the brain and decreasing damage. Alzheimer's disease is aggravated by other pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, which cause a decrease in oxygen levels in the body. This study has revealed reduced oxygen levels around senile plaques, compromising microglial activity (Image, center). When this is compounded by reduced oxygen supply to the brain due to other systemic pathologies, the microglia are unable to provide protection and there is an increase in the pathology associated with the disease. Relevance Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in Spain and around the world. In Spain, its incidence is increasing dramatically as the population ages. Unfortunately, the origin of the disease remains unknown. The mechanism proposed in this study is mediated by the expression of the HIF1 molecule, whose discoverers received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019. Increased HIF1 levels compromise the mitochondrial activity of microglial cells and limit their protective capacity against disease. This study opens new lines of research to improve the metabolic capacity of microglia, which would enable a sustained response over time against the disease. Indirectly, the study supports previous work highlighting the importance of maintaining good cardiovascular health for healthy aging.   Effect of different doses of melatonin on learning and memory deficit in Alzheimer model Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), May 21, 2021   According to news reporting out of Rasht, Iran, research stated, “Alzheimer Disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a progressive impairment of cognitive function. The pineal gland hormone melatonin (MEL) has been known as a protection agent against AD.” Our news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Guilan University of Medical Sciences: “However, the effect of melatonin in various doses is inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate two doses of MEL on learning and memory in the amyloid-beta (Ab)-induced AD in the rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used in the experiment and randomly divided control, sham, vehicle, AD, AD+MEL10 mg/kg, and AD+MEL 20 mg/kg groups. Intracerebroventricular injection of Ab1-42 was used to develop the animal model of AD. Also, MEL-treated groups received an intraperitoneal injection of MEL for 4 next weeks. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Passive Avoidance Learning (PAL) tests were used to examine animals’ learning and memory. The brain of animals was removed for immunohistochemistry for anti- Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Intra-peritoneal injection of MEL significantly improve learning and memory in MWM (P=0.000) and PAL test (P=0.000), but there were no significant changes in the two groups that received the melatonin (P>0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed that the clearance of APP deposition in the AD+MEL20 group was considerable compared with the AD+MEL10 group (P=0.000).” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “Our findings indicate that 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of melatonin have similar results on learning and memory in the AD model. But 20 mg/kg of melatonin has significantly more effect on the clearance of APP deposition.”     Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), May 25, 2021 Objectives Given the antioxidant properties of flaxseed and its biologically active ingredients, this study was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed supplementation on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels in patients with hypertension. Methods In this triple-blind clinical trial, 112 patients, with an age range of 35 to 70 years, were randomized to 2 groups receiving 10 g (n=45) and 30 g (n=45) of flaxseed supplementation and 1 group receiving placebo (n=45) for 12 weeks by stratified block randomization. They were evaluated in terms of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI, and total serum cholesterol. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ–SF) and food intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The data were analyzed with SPSS, version 22, using the chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, repeated measures analysis, ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests. Results The interaction effects among the study groups and time on the mean SBP (p = 0.001), DBP (p = 0.001), total cholesterol level (p = 0.032), and BMI (p < 0.001) were significant. During the study, the 30-g group achieved the best results, so that a 13.38-unit decrease in SBP was observed compared to a 1.72 unit increase in the placebo group and a 5.6-unit decrease in DBP was measured compared to a 2.39 unit increase in the placebo group. BMI decreased by 0.86 units compared to 0.06 units in the placebo group. Total cholesterol also decreased by 20.4 units compared to 11.86 units in the placebo group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that flaxseed can be effective in reducing blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body mass index in hypertensive patients in a twelve-week period.     Study: Don't count on caffeine to fight sleep deprivation Michigan State University, May 27, 2021 Rough night of sleep? Relying on caffeine to get you through the day isn't always the answer, says a new study from Michigan State University. Researchers from MSU's Sleep and Learning Lab, led by psychology associate professor Kimberly Fenn, assessed how effective caffeine was in counteracting the negative effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. As it turns out, caffeine can only get you so far. The study -- published in the most recent edition of Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition -- assessed the impact of caffeine after a night of sleep deprivation. More than 275 participants were asked to complete a simple attention task as well as a more challenging "placekeeping" task that required completion of tasks in a specific order without skipping or repeating steps. Fenn's study is the first to investigate the effect of caffeine on placekeeping after a period of sleep deprivation. "We found that sleep deprivation impaired performance on both types of tasks and that having caffeine helped people successfully achieve the easier task. However, it had little effect on performance on the placekeeping task for most participants," Fenn said. She added: "Caffeine may improve the ability to stay awake and attend to a task, but it doesn't do much to prevent the sort of procedural errors that can cause things like medical mistakes and car accidents."  Insufficient sleep is pervasive in the United States, a problem that has intensified during the pandemic, Fenn said. Consistently lacking adequate sleep not only affects cognition and alters mood, but can eventually take a toll on immunity.  "Caffeine increases energy, reduces sleepiness and can even improve mood, but it absolutely does not replace a full night of sleep, Fenn said. "Although people may feel as if they can combat sleep deprivation with caffeine, their performance on higher-level tasks will likely still be impaired. This is one of the reasons why sleep deprivation can be so dangerous." Fenn said that the study has the potential to inform both theory and practice.  "If we had found that caffeine significantly reduced procedural errors under conditions of sleep deprivation, this would have broad implications for individuals who must perform high stakes procedures with insufficient sleep, like surgeons, pilots and police officers," Fenn said. "Instead, our findings underscore the importance of prioritizing sleep."     Parkinson's disease more likely in people with depression, study suggests Umea University (Sweden), May 21 2021     People with depression may be more likely to develop the movement disorder Parkinson's disease, according to new research published in Neurology.   According to the authors of the study, depression is more common in people with Parkinson's disease than those without the movement disorder. "We saw this link between depression and Parkinson's disease over a timespan of more than 2 decades, so depression may be a very early symptom of Parkinson's disease or a risk factor for the disease," says study co-author Prof. Peter Nordström, at Umeå University in Sweden. Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects how a person moves, including how they speak and write. As well as problems with movement, Parkinson's disease can also cause cognitive problems, neurobehavioral problems and sensory difficulties. The authors of the study state that depression is more common in patients with Parkinson's disease than in members of the general population. The mood disorder has a major influence on health-related quality of life and could also be involved in more rapid deterioration of cognitive and motor functions. However, few studies have investigated this association for periods of longer than 10 years, with any long-term findings so far inconclusive. For the study, the researchers used a cohort consisting of all Swedish citizens aged 50 years and above as of December 31st, 2005. From this group, they then took the 140,688 people diagnosed with depression . These individuals were each matched with three control participants (a total of 421,718 controls) of the same age and sex who had not been diagnosed with depression. The participants were then followed for up to 26 years. A total of 1,485 people with depression (1.1%) developed Parkinson's disease during this time, compared with 1,775 of those who did not have depression (0.4%). On average, Parkinson's disease was diagnosed 4.5 years after the beginning of the study, with the likelihood of the disorder developing decreasing over time. No sibling link found for depression and Parkinson's disease The researchers calculated that participants with depression were 3.2 times more likely than those without depression to develop Parkinson's disease within a year of the study beginning. After 15-25 years, the researchers found participants with depression were almost 50% more likely to develop the condition. If a participant's depression was severe, their likelihood of developing Parkinson's disease was also higher. For example, those who had been hospitalized for depression five or more times were 40% more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than participants who had been hospitalized for depression just once. In addition to these observations, the researchers examined siblings. No link was found between one sibling having Parkinson's disease and the other having depression. "This finding gives us more evidence that these two diseases are linked," says Prof. Nordström. "If the diseases were independent of each other but caused by the same genetic or early environmental factors, then we would expect to see the two diseases group together in siblings, but that didn't happen." The authors suggest there are a number of mechanisms that could explain their findings. Depression or antidepressive treatment could increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, depression could be an early symptom of Parkinson's disease, or that the two conditions could share environmental causative factors. In the paper, the authors acknowledge that they are unable to evaluate the potential role of substances used in antidepressive treatment as risk factors for Parkinson's disease. The study is an observational one and cannot determine causation. "Our findings suggest a direct association between depression and subsequent [Parkinson's disease], supported by a time-dependent hazard ratio, a dose-response pattern for recurrent depression, and a lack of evidence for coaggregation among siblings," the authors conclude. "Given that the association was significant over more than two decades of follow-up, depression may be a very early prodromal symptom of or a causal risk factor for [Parkinson's disease]." Elsewhere, a study published in December previously suggested that users of methamphetamine are at three times more risk of getting Parkinson's disease than people who do not use illegal drugs.

Gordura localizada é um problema para muita gente. Veja informações sobre as estratégias comujmente usadas para resolver a questão. Artigos de interesse:El-Gowelli HM, El Sabaa B, Yosry E, El-Saghir H. Histopathological and ultra-structural characterization of local neuromuscular damage induced by repeated phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate injection. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2016 Jan;68(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.09.006. Epub 2015 Sep 26.Hübner NF, […]

Background: Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (SH) is a rare tumor of the lung predominantly affecting Asian women in their fifth decade of life. SH is thought to evolve from primitive respiratory epithelium and mostly shows benign biological behavior; however, cases of lymph node metastases, local recurrence and multiple lesions have been described. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 21-year-old Caucasian male with a history of locally advanced and metastatic rectal carcinoma (UICC IV; pT4, pN1, M1(hep)) that was eventually identified as having hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by low anterior resection, adjuvant chemotherapy and metachronous partial hepatectomy, he was admitted for treatment of newly diagnosed bilateral pulmonary metastases. Thoracic computed tomography showed a homogenous, sharply marked nodule in the left lower lobe. We decided in favor of atypical resection followed by systematic lymphadenectomy. Histopathological analysis revealed the diagnosis of SH. Conclusions: Cases have been published with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and simultaneous SH. FAP, Gardner syndrome and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, however, had been ruled out in the present case. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing SH associated with Lynch syndrome.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of an Avian Orthoreovirus (ARV) isolated from broiler chicken suffering from infectious runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) after simulated vertical infection of chicken. The influence of the age at infection on the progression of ARV infection is of particular importance. At first, the consequences of an early in ovo inoculation with the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 in specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs were evaluated. Infected embryos that survived until the 19th day of incubation were observed regularly after inoculation into the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs with varying doses of the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 on the ninth day of incubation. The inoculation into the yolk sac of embryonated chicken eggs on the sixth day of incubation with the same virus resulted in surviving infected embryos only in singular cases. On the other hand, infected embryos died after in ovo inoculation with the ARV vaccine strain S1133 into the allantoic cavity or the yolk sac on the corresponding days of hatch. The mean death time for the infected embryos displayed a high variability. The mean death time after in ovo inoculation with the ARV strain S1133 was observed between 100 and 168 hours while embryos infected with the ARV-isolate died between 60 and 120 hours post inoculation. For a subsequent animal experiment embryonated chicken eggs (Lohmann Selected White Leghorn) were inoculated with the ARV-strain 8474DP4-6 into the allantoic cavity on the 14th day of incubation and the hatched chickens were raised until the age of 36 days. Inoculated birds were kept together with non-inoculated sentinels while a mock-infected group was raised separately. The in ovo inoculation resulted in the hatch of ARV-infected chicks. The hatchability was reduced in the infected group (56%) as well as in the mock-infected control group (46%). ARV was reisolated regularly from organs of infected chicks until the 12th day post hatch and sporadically until day 36 post hatch. Several organs (liver, duodenum and pancreas [pooled], proventriculus, jejunoileum and bursa of Fabricius) were sampled in order to evaluate the organotropism and the progression of infection in inoculated chicks. ARV was reisolated from all kinds of examined organs, whereas the isolation from intestinal organs occurred more frequently. The transmission to non-inoculated sentinels was demonstrated by reisolation of ARV. The inoculated as well as the sentinel chicks developed antibodies against ARV. The results demonstrate the possibility of a vertical and likewise a horizontal transmission for the ARV-strain 8474DP4-6. An increased mortality became evident within the infected group. From the day of hatch and the seventh day of life 52,2% of the animals died, until the 12th day of life the mortality peaked to 56,5%. Within the control group a mortality of 6 and 12% respectively was observed during the corresponding period. Inoculated as well as control animals were of poor condition and suffered from diarrhea. Not inoculated control birds recovered quickly after an antibiotic treatment while the inoculated chicken did not respond well to the therapy. The gross pathology did not reveal any alterations in neither of the groups. Histopathological changes included myocarditis, pancreatic degeneration and lymphocyte depletion in the spleen. Within the bacteriological examination various ubiquitous bacterial species including Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae were cultivated from organ swabs from animals of both groups. Body weight and weight gain were significantly decreased in inoculated chicks from day seven post hatch on. In ovo infection of embryonated eggs from ARV-vaccinated broiler breeders with the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 resulted in a hundredfold lower egg infectious dose 50 compared to embryonated spf chicken eggs. Furthermore, a larger proportion of infected embryos survived until the 19th day of incubation. In conclusion, the in ovo inoculation of embryonated eggs with the RSS-associated ARV strain resulted in the impairment of hatched chicks. The bacteriological findings indicate an increased susceptibility of the ARV-infected chicks to bacterial overgrowth. Future experiments evaluating the effects of early ARV-infections with the focus on alterations of the immune-response will help to elucidate the role of early ARV-infections in chicks.

Objective: The aim of the current prospective study was to analyse the validity of MRI based diagnosis of brainstem gliomas which was verified by stereotactic biopsy and follow-up evaluation as well as to assess prognostic factors and risk profile. Methods: Between 1998 and 2007, all consecutive adult patients with radiologically suspected brainstem glioma were included. The MRI based diagnosis of the lesions was made independently by an experienced neuroradiologist. Histopathological evaluation was performed in all patients from paraffin embedded specimens obtained by multimodal image guided stereotactic serial biopsy technique. Histopathological results were compared with prior radiological assessment. Length of survival was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors were calculated using the Cox model. Results: 46 adult patients were included. Histological evaluation revealed pilocytic astrocytoma (n=2), WHO grade II glioma (n=14), malignant glioma (n=12), metastasis (n=7), lymphoma (n=5), cavernoma (n=1), inflammatory disease (n=2) or no tumour/ gliosis (n=3). Perioperative morbidity was 2.5% (n=1). There was no permanent morbidity and no mortality. All patients with ‘‘no tumour’’ or ‘‘inflammatory disease’’ survived. Patients with low grade glioma and malignant glioma showed a 1 year survival rate of 75% and 25%, respectively; the 1 year survival rate for patients with lymphoma or metastasis was 30%. In the subgroup with a verified brainstem glioma, negative predictors for length of survival were higher tumour grade (p=0.002) and Karnofsky performance score (70 (p=0.004). Conclusion: Intra-axial brainstem lesions with a radiological pattern of glioma represent a very heterogeneous tumour group with completely different outcomes. Radiological features alone are not reliable for diagnostic classification. Stereotactic biopsy is a safe method to obtain a valid tissue diagnosis, which is indispensible for treatment decision.

LAPAROSCOPIC LIVE DONOR NEPHRECTOMY AND AUTOTRANSPLANTATION AFTER PERIVASCULAR PAPAVERINE APPLICATION - EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN PIGS The aim of this study is to evaluate whether renal function and blood perfusion can be enhanced by periarterial application of papaverine during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in pigs. The study is subdivided in two parts. In part one, intraoperative urine output and creatinine-clearance are measured to investigate the influence of perivascular papaverine on renal function during the laparoscopic procedure. In part two of the study, blood perfusion of both kidneys during laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy is determined using fluorescent-labeled microspheres to analyse the vasodilatative effect of papaverine. In a subgroup of animals the donor nephrectomy is followed by autotransplantation and initial renal function is measured for a period of 24 hours after papaverine administration and laparoscopic nephrectomy. Histopathological examination of random samples is performed to evaluate structural damage following nephrectomy and autotransplantation. This study is carried out to refer to the actual clinical situation. After perivascular administration of papaverine an increase of renal function during laparoscopic nephrectomy can be achieved. Compared to controls urine output and creatinine-clearance is significantly improved after local papaverine application. In part two of the study measurement of renal blood flow shows enhanced renal perfusion after application of the vasodilatator in the treatment group. After autotransplantation the papaverine group exhibits an improved initial renal function. Enhanced creatinine-clearance has to be varified by further experiments. Histopathological signs of tissue damages of various extend can be found in all samples. The results presented are interpreted as follows: local periarterial application of papaverine increases renal blood flow during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Therefore renal function seems to be augmented. In controls decreased organ perfusion seems to lead to impaired renal function. In consequence the presented study demonstrates a significant better graft function in the treatment group. This method might have the potential to significantly improve graft quality after laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy in human patients.