Podcasts about Prion

In January, 1997, David Nierenberg was a physician at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center, specializing in toxicology. Chemist Karen Wetterhahn was placed in his care. When she arrived at the hospital, Karen was slurring her speech and having difficulty balancing and with coordination. What David soon learned was that her symptoms were all due to a few tiny drops of a compound called dimethylmercury. Today's episode focuses on two lab accidents that had a profound impact on research communities, and that inspired changes that have likely saved the lives of scientists and other workers since. The first story is that of Karen Wetterhahn who, in the 1990s was a professor of chemistry at Dartmouth College whose lab focused on heavy metal toxicity. The other story is about fatal prion protein exposures in France that led to a temporary moratorium in 2021. Send us your science facts, news, or other stories for a chance to be featured on an upcoming Tiny Show and Tell Us bonus episode. And, while you're at it, subscribe to our newsletter!Links to the Tiny Show and Tell stories are here and here. All Tiny Matters transcripts and references are available here.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Kickstarter here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/garycolton/how-it-falls-apart-an-immersive-dystopian-thrillerIn this episode, we discuss various pressing global issues, including the potential for World War III, the societal impacts of pandemics, and the mysteries surrounding prion diseases and the disappearance of the racehorse Shergar. We also delve into the portrayal of zombies in media, the psychological effects of torture, and the role of special forces in modern conflicts. In this conversation, the hosts delve into the authenticity of war stories, the rise of operator literature, and the psychological profiles of serial killers, particularly focusing on Andre Chikatilo. They explore the nature of evil, the complexities of human behavior, and the impact of childhood trauma on adult actions. The discussion highlights the intricate relationship between personal history and criminal behavior, emphasizing the need for understanding rather than mere condemnation. In this conversation, the hosts delve into the dark world of serial killers, focusing on specific cases such as Dean Corll and Aileen Wuornos. Lastly, we discuss the innocence of the victims, the investigative oversights that allowed these killers to operate, and the psychological aspects of confession and manipulation. Descent Into Darkness YT Channel - https://www.youtube.com/@DiD86Dark Finds Podcast IG - https://www.instagram.com/darkfindspodcast/Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/darkfindspodcast/membershipDark Finds IG - https://www.instagram.com/dark.finds/Dark Finds YouTube Channel for more dark long-form content - https://www.youtube.com/@DarkFindsChannelDark Finds book - https://amzn.eu/d/3VHPOTjDark Finds website - www.darkfindsmedia.comTakeawaysThe threat of global conflict is more pronounced than ever.Prion diseases are a serious health concern with no cure.The mystery of Shergar's disappearance remains unsolved.Zombies in media often blur the lines between fiction and reality.Torture can lead to false confessions and severe psychological consequences.Special forces operate under extreme pressure and secrecy.The portrayal of military operations in media can be misleading.Public perception of global events is heavily influenced by social media.Understanding the origins of diseases can help prevent future outbreaks. The authenticity of war stories is often questioned.Operator literature has become increasingly embellished.Psychopathy can manifest in extreme behaviors.Childhood trauma plays a significant role in shaping future actions.Andre Chikatilo's life reflects a complex interplay of factors leading to his crimes.Narcissism can drive individuals to commit heinous acts.Profiling can be a crucial tool in identifying serial killers.Confessions can be elicited through psychological manipulation.The case of Dean Corll highlights the horrors of predation.Accomplices can be groomed and manipulated into participating in crimes.Understanding the nature vs. nurture debate is essential in criminal psychology.Aileen Wuornos's case reveals complexities in female serial killers. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

UN COUP DE MAIN  AUX HAÏTIENS  YON  KOUTMEN POU  AYISYEN

The focus of this podcast is the enigmatic theme of prion disorders. I trace the history of our understanding of this neurodegenerative disorder with how Nobel laureate D. Carleton Gajdusek, described the transmission of kuru - the first pathologically defined human prion disease. I also narrate how the similarities in the clinical and pathological features of kuru and scrapie, the disease of sheep, opened the way to this breakthrough. I also chronicled how the efforts of another Nobel laureate, Stanley Prusiner, characterised the pathology, genetics and transmission of scrapie, and how he succeeded in a bitter scientific race that transformed the field of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies which he named prion diseases. I also explored the pathology of prions, their normal functions, and how they cause disease when they become misfolded. In this theme, I discussed Creutzfeldt Jakob disease extensively, with reference to the roles played by Alfons Jakob and Hans Gerherdt Creutzfeldt, and depicting its classical manifestations and investigations. I illustrated the lived experience of CJD with such memoirs as Howie V CJD, by Sandy Bosman. I also exhaustively covered the clinical and management aspects of new variant CJD, and I illustrated this with the memoir Who Killed My Son, by Christine Lord. The podcast also reviewed the other established human prion diseases such as fatal familial insomnia, and it explored the similarities between prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases that are also related to misfolded proteins, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neurone diseases. I also covered mad cow and other prion disorders of animals. I cited other helpful books such as Collectors of Lost Souls by Warwick Anderson, Fatal Flaws by Jay Ingram, Madness and Memory by Stanley Prusiner, and Consciousness: A User's Guide by Adam Zeman.

In this week's podcast, Neurology Today's editor-in-chief highlights articles on a study highlighting three-year outcomes for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, an analysis comparing the diagnostic efficacy of skin biopsies vs. CSF tests for human prion diseases, and the ways in which a graduate degree in public health and/or business administration can shape career pathways for neurologists.  

One of the most mysterious and frightening entities in medicine are prion diseases — rare neurodegenerative disorders that are usually infectious in nature but involve not bacteria or viruses, but proteins. Prions are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins to become misfolded as well, resulting in a chain reaction that leads to irreversible brain damage and death. What makes prions alarming is that they are incurable, can incubate for decades in a person's brain without symptoms, and are usually associated with 100% mortality within months to a few years. Sonia Vallabh, PhD was a recently-married lawyer in her early career when she witnessed her mother's baffling sudden health decline and death. Her mother was ferried from hospital to hospital, yet dozens of doctors could not figure out why she was seemingly succumbing to rapidly progressive dementia at the age of 52. It wasn't until after her death that Vallabh discovered the cause was a genetic prion disease. Subsequent testing revealed that Sonia Vallabh herself had inherited the same genetic abnormality. Determined to find a solution, Vallabh and her husband Eric, a transportation engineer, decided to retrain as biomedical scientists in a race to cure her before it grew too late. The couple now leads a prion research lab at the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard. They are also the co-founders of the nonprofit Prion Alliance. Over the course of our conversation, Vallabh opens up about what it was like to accompany her mother in her last months of life, the psychological toll of dealing with a fatal medical mystery, how she lives each day with an awareness of how ephemeral life is, what prion diseases are and what makes them so difficult to treat, what makes her optimistic about the future of her work, and more. In this episode, you'll hear about: 3:23 - Vallabh's early memories of her mother and the devastating experience that overcame her at 52 years old16:37 - The process of grieving the loss a parent22:32 - What prion diseases are25:35 - How Vallabh made the decision to undergo the genetic testing that confirmed she inherited a mutation thah causes prion disease 36:27 - Vallabh's major career change to become biomedical researchers 45:50 - Where the quest for an effective therapy for prion disease currently stands 52:08 - Vallabh's message to listeners on how to approach life View Sonia Vallabh's TED Talk on her quest to cure prion disease. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to info@thedoctorsart.com.Copyright The Doctor's Art Podcast 2024

Prion diseases are caused in people when an aberrant form of a protein that is already in our bodies infects us, and causes the normal protein to fold like it, resulting in neurological disease. A new study found that one … What is a prion and how does it cause disease? Elizabeth Tracey reports Read More »

Prions are misfolded proteins that can infect us and cause our normal proteins to fold incorrectly also, and they can be found in the skin, a new study reports. Ted Dawson, a Parkinson disease expert at Johns Hopkins, says this … A new way of diagnosing prion disease may also help in other diseases, Elizabeth Tracey reports Read More »

Avancée scientifique : les travaux de chercheurs français, ont révélé qu'une protéine modifiée pouvait protéger contre les symptômes de la maladie d'Alzheimer, en neutralisant les effets toxiques des peptides impliqués. Une seule injection de cette molécule de type pseudo prion chez des souris a montré des effets protecteurs durables, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement de traitements humains. Une étude soutenue par France Alzheimer et Maladies Apparentées. Plus d'informations : https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/presse/une-molecule-de-type-pseudo-prion-protege-le-cerveau-de-la-maladie-dalzheimer-chez-la-souris https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/actualites/a-la-une/actualites-recherche/une-molecule-de-type-pseudo-prion-protege-le-cerveau-de-la-maladie-d-alzheimer-chez-la-souris-1445981.kjsp

Send us a textIn this episode we go into a disease that was limited to one remote area of the world.  A slow death that causes random outbursts of laughter.  How did this happen?  What did the people do to try and stop it?  And what are the rituals surrounding it?  We talk about all this and more!  Enjoy!Support the show

Fairy Prion - The fairy prion tītī wainui is a small blue seabird that once bred all around the coastline of mainland Aotearoa. Voracious introduced predators forced fairy prion colonies onto offshore islands – but one mainland population clings to survival on steep cliffs near Ōtepoti Dunedin, where Forest and Bird carries out predator control to protect these precious birds. Dunedin Wildlife Hospital's Jordana Whyte is joined by Graeme Loh, who runs the Friends of the Prion fence project up on the St Clair cliffs. This show was broadcast on OAR 105.4FM Dunedin - oar.org.nz

From Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Neil Mabbott, Ph.D., has worked for nearly 2 decades on understanding the mechanisms by which prion proteins become infectious and cause neurological disease in humans and animals. He discusses the remarkable properties of prions and addresses complexities surrounding symptoms, transmission and diagnosis of prion disease.

Biomedical researcher Sonia Vallabh's life was turned upside down when she learned she had the genetic mutation for a rare and fatal illness, prion disease, that could strike at any time. Thirteen years later, her search for a cure has led to new insights about how to catch and prevent disease — and how to honor our grandest, most mysterious inheritance: our brains.

TWiV discusses secret anti-vax campaign run by Pentagon to undermine China during pandemic, NY governor's subways mask ban proposal, Colorado bat facility sparks outbreak fears, House budget billls suggest ban on gain of function research, evolution of STAT2 resistance to flavivirus NS5, and brainwide silencing of prion protein by AAV-mediated delivery of an epigenetic editor. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Alan Dove Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Pentagan anti-vac campaign to undermine China (Reuters) NY governor subway mask ban (AP News) Colorado bat facility sparks outbreak fears (Science) House NIH budget bans gain of function research (Science) Evolution of STAT2 resistance to flavivirus NS5 (Nat Commun) Brainwide silencing of prion protein by AAV delivered epigenetic editor (Science) Letters read on TWiV 1127 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Mars Odyssey Orbiter is about to make its 100,000th orbit Alan – Local animal shelters and “kitten season.” Vincent – Supreme Court allows cities to ban homeless people sleeping outside, even when shelter space is lacking Listener Picks Blog design – Trump vows to defund schools requiring vaccines for students Jon – Detections of highly pathogenic avian influenza in mammals Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Biomedical researcher Sonia Vallabh's life was turned upside down when she learned she had the genetic mutation for a rare and fatal illness, prion disease, that could strike at any time. Thirteen years later, her search for a cure has led to new insights about how to catch and prevent disease — and how to honor our grandest, most mysterious inheritance: our brains.

Biomedical researcher Sonia Vallabh's life was turned upside down when she learned she had the genetic mutation for a rare and fatal illness, prion disease, that could strike at any time. Thirteen years later, her search for a cure has led to new insights about how to catch and prevent disease — and how to honor our grandest, most mysterious inheritance: our brains.

Biomedical researcher Sonia Vallabh's life was turned upside down when she learned she had the genetic mutation for a rare and fatal illness, prion disease, that could strike at any time. Thirteen years later, her search for a cure has led to new insights about how to catch and prevent disease — and how to honor our grandest, most mysterious inheritance: our brains.

FOR PRION OUT LOUD PART 1APRIL, 7TH 2024      AARON SMITH      SEASON 1      EPISODE 67 SHOW NOTES: (AI generated)Have you ever wondered just how deep the rabbit hole goes when it comes to the science and satire surrounding public health policies? I'm Aaron Smith, and this episode pulls back the curtain on the controversial topic of mRNA COVID vaccines, with a sprinkle of humor to start us off. We kick things off with a spoof recording that might make you chuckle, but then we get down to the nitty-gritty. Why have I chosen to steer clear of the jab? It's not a decision I've made lightly, and I'm here to share the peer-reviewed research that's had me thinking twice. Together with special contributor Brock Tanslacks, we're stirring up a crucial conversation about vigilance and personal choice in the face of experimental medical treatments.Strap in for a chapter that shifts gears from playful banter to the pressing issue of potential health risks that accompany uncharted scientific territory. Adopting the mindset of 'guilty until proven innocent,' we examine the principle of doing no harm in the face of emergency medical interventions. And as we ponder the hypothesis correlating the spike protein in COVID vaccines with prion diseases, it's clear that this is no laughing matter. The stakes are high, and the need for greater scrutiny is evident. By the end of this episode, you'll have a whole new perspective on the delicate balance of information and the implications our health choices today could have for years to come.LINKS:NIH- A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Reviewhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9922164Wikipedia UK Mad Cow Disease:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_BSE_outbreak#ReferencesDeadly Feasts:https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Deadly-Feasts/Richard-Rhodes/9780684844251Brain Trust:https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Brain-Trust/Colm-A-Kelleher/9781416507567Pinky and the Brain:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mPrhwpZ-8THE SUBTLECAIN SPOTLIGHT: MOE FACTZ WITH ADAM CURRYhttps://www.moefactz.comSupport the showYou are valued, you are loved, and you are worthy.

Get your DEMYSTICON 2024 tickets here: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/demysticon-2024-tickets-727054969987 Today we are hanging out with our friend Dr. Michael Hughes, a post-doctoral fellow at St. Jude's Research Hospital in Memphis. Michael has a long history of trying to understand the role that water plays in fundamental biological operations from structural assembly to diseases like Alzheimers and Prion disorders. Presently, he is hard at work on a biological theory of everything where water plays out the role of central actor in biological processes from form to consciousness. Our conversation today begins with Michael's journey into the water rabbit hole, exploring the strange way that water structures itself within cells. We work toward an understanding of water as a photo-electrically, an electro-statically sensitive molecule capable of mechanically altering cellular function in response to conscious and external signals. We hope to have Michael back to explore a mutual fascination with the historic interface of spirituality and science by way of Rudolph Steiner and Western esotericism. Tell us your thoughts in the comments!!! Sign up for a yearly Patreon membership for discounted conference tickets: https://bit.ly/3lcAasB Gilbert Ling's website & books: https://www.gilbertling.org/books.html Modern review based on the Association Induction Hypothesis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32565181/ Rice University Archives of the Impossible: https://libguides.rice.edu/impossiblearchives (00:00) Go! (00:09:25) APS 2024 (00:11:01) Biochemistry to Cell Biology to Water Physics (00:12:49) Math has true answers (00:16:21) Prions, amyloids (00:25:49) Stress granules as proto-organelle (00:32:38) Aging as disease or no? (00:44:08) Water as biological theory of everything (00:57:19) Transient h-bonding structures (01:15:11) Water density as biological master switch? (01:26:41) Water as dark matter of consciousness (01:40:13) UAPs to be taken seriously? (01:54:36) Evidence-based beliefs? (02:11:43) Remote viewing (02:28:10) Science without spirituality? #science #sciencepodcast #BiologicalResearch #WaterInScience #ConsciousnessStudies #CellularFunction #MedicalScience #StJudesResearch #Biochemistry #AlzheimersResearch #PrionDisorders #ScienceAndSpirituality #PodcastInterview #MedicalInnovation #ResearchInsights #ScienceCommunication #HealthAndWellness #WaterMolecule #StructuralBiology #ConsciousnessExploration #SpiritualScience #SciencePodcast #structuredwater #waterscience #waterchemistry Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

New clinical trials for treatments of an always fatal brain disease, and what happens with pests when a conventional and organic farm are neighbors   First up on this week's show, a new treatment to stave off prion disease goes into clinical trials. Prions are misfolded proteins that clump together and chew holes in the brain. The misfolding can be switched on in a number of ways—including infection with a misfolded prion protein from an animal or person. Staff Writer Meredith Wadman talks with host Sarah Crespi about new potential treatments—from antisense nucleotides to small molecules that interfere with protein production—for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.   Next on the show: Freelance producer Katherine Irving talks with Ashley Larsen, associate professor of agricultural and landscape ecology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, about the effects of organic farms on their neighbors. If there are lots of organic growers together, pesticide use goes down but conventional farms tend to use more pesticides when side by side with organic farms.   This week's episode was produced with help from Podigy.   About the Science Podcast   Authors: Sarah Crespi; Katherine Irving; Meredith Wadman LINKS FOR MP3 META   Episode page: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.z91m76v

New clinical trials for treatments of an always fatal brain disease, and what happens with pests when a conventional and organic farm are neighbors   First up on this week's show, a new treatment to stave off prion disease goes into clinical trials. Prions are misfolded proteins that clump together and chew holes in the brain. The misfolding can be switched on in a number of ways—including infection with a misfolded prion protein from an animal or person. Staff Writer Meredith Wadman talks with host Sarah Crespi about new potential treatments—from antisense nucleotides to small molecules that interfere with protein production—for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.   Next on the show: Freelance producer Katherine Irving talks with Ashley Larsen, associate professor of agricultural and landscape ecology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, about the effects of organic farms on their neighbors. If there are lots of organic growers together, pesticide use goes down but conventional farms tend to use more pesticides when side by side with organic farms.   This week's episode was produced with help from Podigy.   About the Science Podcast   Authors: Sarah Crespi; Katherine Irving; Meredith Wadman LINKS FOR MP3 META   Episode page: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.z91m76v

TWiV reviews resurgence of Lassa fever in West Africa, at least 3 paralytic cases of cVDPV2 in Zimbabwe, CWD from eating prion-laden plants, measles in New Orleans and Broward County Florida, failure of Florida Surgeon General to support vaccination, a measles variant in Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 persistent infections, leaky blood-brain-barrier for long COVID brain fog, West Nile virus transmitted among mosquitoes by the excreta, and viroid-like colonists of human microbiomes. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit and Kathy Spindler Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Become a member of ASV (asv.org) Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) The New City by Dickson Despommier Viruses of Microbes 2024 Resurgence of Lassa fever (Science) cVDPV2 in Zimbabwe (UNICEF) CWD from eating plants (CIDRAP) Measles in New Orleans (LA Dept Health) SARS-CoV-2 persistent infections (Nature) Leaky BBB for brain fog of long COVID (Nat Neurosci) Measles in Broward County FL (7 News) Failure of FL Surgeon General to support vaccination (X) Measles variant (Eurosurveillance) West Nile virus transmitted among mosquitos by excreta (bioRxiv) Mosquito life cycle (YouTube) Viroid-like colonists of human microbiomes (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiV 1091 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Sustainable energy in America 2024 factbook Kathy – Life Magnified USPS stamps Rich – “How plants communicate with each other when in danger” by Kasha Patel (Original Nature Communications article) Alan – A Sargasso Sea of Space card game. Vincent – Tell Me When It's Over by Paul Offit Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The Crazy Town Podcast "Prion Chat"

MedLink Neurology Podcast is delighted to feature selected episodes from BrainWaves, courtesy of James E Siegler MD, its originator and host. BrainWaves is an academic audio podcast whose mission is to educate medical providers through clinical cases and topical reviews in neurology, medicine, and the humanities, and episodes originally aired from 2016 to 2021. Originally released: July 18, 2017 Prions are perhaps some of the most terrifying infectious particles known to man. But did you know that patients with some prion diseases actually shed these contagious proteins in their urine? These and other facts about prion diseases are discussed in this week's episode of BrainWaves. BrainWaves podcasts and online content are intended for medical education only and should not be used to guide medical decision-making in routine clinical practice. REFERENCES Zabel MD, Reid C. A brief history of prions. Pathog Dis 2015;73(9):ftv087. PMID 26449713Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: recommendations for disinfection and sterilization. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(9):1348-56. PMID 11303271Glatzel M, Abela E, Maissen M, Aguzzi A. Extraneural pathologic prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. N Engl J Med 2003;349(19):1812-20. PMID 14602879Moda F, Gambetti P, Notari S, et al. Prions in the urine of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. N Engl J Med 2014;371(6):530-9. PMID 25099577Wieser HG, Schindler K, Zumsteg D. EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2006;117(5):935-51. PMID 16442343Lapergue B, Demeret S, Denys V, et al. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimicking nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2010;74(24):1995-9. PMID 20445151Siegler JE, Jacobs DA, Amado D, Adams JL, Berger JR. Rapidly progressive dementia with hypoglycorrhachia. J Clin Neurosci 2015;22(10):1685-7. PMID 26094562Geschwind MD. Prion diseases. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2015;21:1612-38. PMID 26633779  We believe that the principles expressed or implied in the podcast remain valid, but certain details may be superseded by evolving knowledge since the episode's original release date.

Add to reserve queue Lurking Prion answers questions about his name, former career field as an Machinist's mate, and breaks down a short bio of his security path thus far.

Mad cow disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first discovered in cattle in the UK in 1986. In 1996, BSE made its way into humans for the first time, setting off panic and fascination with the fatal disease that causes rapid onset dementia. In this episode, Sam and Deboki cover the cause, spread and concern surrounding mad cow and other prion diseases. The Tiny Show & Tell stories are here and here.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Will the growing deer prion epidemic spread to humans? Why not?, published by eukaryote on June 25, 2023 on LessWrong. Helpful background reading: What's the deal with prions? A novel lethal infectious neurological disease emerged in American deer a few decades ago. Since then, it's spread rapidly across the continent. In areas where the disease is found, it can be very common in the deer there. Chronic wasting disease isn't caused by a bacteria, virus, protist, or worm – it's a prion, which is a little misshapen version of a protein that occurs naturally in the nervous systems of deer. Chemically, the prion is made of exactly the same stuff as its regular counterpart – it's a string of the same amino acids in the same order, just shaped a little differently. Both the prion and its regular version (PrP) are monomers, single units that naturally stack on top of each other or very similar proteins. The prion's trick is that as other PrP moves to stack atop it, the prion reshapes them – just a little – so that they also become prions. These chains of prions are quite stable, and, over time, they form long, persistent clusters in the tissue of their victims. We know of only a few prion diseases in humans. They're caused by random chance misfolds, a genetic predisposition for PrP to misfold into a prion, accidental cross-contamination via medical supplies, or, rarely, from the consumption of prion-infected meat. Every known animal prions is a misfold of the same specific protein, PrP. PrP is expressed in the nervous system, particularly in the brain – so infections cause neurological symptoms and physical changes to the structure of the brain. Prion diseases are slow to develop (up to decades), incurable, and always fatal. There are two known infectious prion diseases in people. One is kuru, which caused an epidemic among tribes who practiced funerary cannibalism in Papua New Guinea. The other is mad cow disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) AKA Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which was first seen in humans in 1996 in the UK, and comes from cows. Chronic wasting disease (CWD). Is, like every other animal prion disease, a misfold of PrP. PrP is quite similar in both humans and deer. Is found in multiple deer species which are commonly eaten by humans. Can be carried in deer asymptomatically. But it doesn't seem to infect people. Is it ever going to? If a newly-emerged virus were sweeping across the US and killing deer, which could be spread through consuming infected meat, I would think “oh NO.” I'd need to see very good evidence to stop sounding the alarm. Now, the fact that it's been a few decades, and it hasn't spread to humans yet, is definitely some kind of evidence about safety. But are we humans basically safe from it, or are we living on borrowed time? If you live in an area where CWD has been detected, should you eat the deer? Sidenote: Usually, you'll see “BSE” used for the disease in cows and “VCJ” for the disease in humans. But they're caused by the same agent and this essay is operating under a zoonotic One Health kind of stance, so I'm just calling the disease BSE here. (As well as the prion that causes it, when I can get away with it.) In short The current version of CWD is not infectious to people. We checked. BSE showed that prions can spill over, and there's no reason a new CWD variant will never do the same. The more cases there are, the more likely it is to spill over. That said, BSE did not spill over very effectively. It was always incredibly rare in humans. It's an awful disease to get, but the chance of getting it is tiny. Prions in general have a harder time spilling over between species than viruses do. CWD might behave somewhat differently but probably will stay hampered by the species barrier. Why do I think all of thi...

On episode #29 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 5/11 – 5/23/23. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Harmonie phase IIIb study trial results of nirsevimab against RSV lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization for infants (ESPID) Mogamulizumab for treatment of HTLV-1 associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (IDSA) Revised protocol for secondary prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection with valaciclovir (IDSA) Increase in false positive fourth generation HIV tests in patients with COVID-19 (CID) Implementation of an antibiotic stewardship initiative in a large urgent care network (JAMA) Clindamycin + vancomycin versus linezolid for treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infection (OFID) Assessing empiric antimicrobial therapy with the dundee classification for skin and soft tissue infections (OFID) Combination of amoxicillin 3000mg and probenecid vs 1500mg amoxicillin monotherapy for treating syphilis in patients with HIV (CID) The sympathetic nervous system is necessary for development of CD4+ T cell memory following Staphylococcus aureus infection (JID) Efficacy and safety of sulbactam-durlobactam versus colistin for the treatment of patients with infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticu complex (The Lancet) First reported US cases of tinea caused by Trichophyton indotineae (CDC) How to use direct microscopy for diagnosing fungal infections (CMI) Limited Cutaneous Leishmaniasis as Ulcerated Verrucous Plaque on leg (EID) Can Ivermectin kill Sarcoptes scabiei during the molting process? (PLOS) The Infectious Diseases Specialist, at risk of extinction (JID) Ticks harbor and excrete chronic wasting disease prions (NIH) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Count how many times we have to remind ourselves of the pronounciation of this one. Prion diseases are terrifying, that's the summary. Now go play Plague, Inc. Sources: CDC Website Friendly Neighborhood Immunologist discusses prion diseases Check out our Patreon! Support us for $1/month for a shoutout, or $3/month for access to unedited video of each podcast episode and monthly additional content. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter @biopsychpod, and find us on Facebook too! Music by JayMan at https://bit.ly/2uWO2jO

Dogs can now be trained to detect CWD positive animals. Mallikarjun, A. et al. (2023) “Canine detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in laboratory and field settings,” Prion, 17(1), pp. 16–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2023.2169519.   Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2PCL

Drie jaar nadat de pandemie begon maak ik met Willem Engel op inhoud de balans op. Wat weten we van het Corona virus, van hoe het is ontstaan en van de varianten die daarna kwamen. Wat weten we van de vaccins/gentherapeutische injecties, van hoe ze werken en van bijwerkingen? De pandemie is voorbij maar er gaan meer mensen dood nu dan je op langjarig gemiddelde zou verwachten. Wat weten we van de oversterfte?Dit zijn vragen die ik wil stellen aan de experts van de Universiteiten, van het RIVM en aan de andere mensen die op televisie vertelden wat er aan de hand was. Op inhoud. Ik doe de aftrap met Willem; waar heeft hij het mis? Correcties en aanvullingen: https://potkaars.nl/contact index:0:0:00 interview in de studio van Virdeowaarheid met Willem Engel0:3:20 lableak of zoonose via een vleermuis0:10:10 project Veritas, Pfizer director: Pfizer maakt niet alleen vaccins, maar ook virussen0:16:05 wat is een virus0:19:01 wat is het spike proteïne0:23:44 hoe werkt het vaccin en gentherapie0:29:23 de bijwerkingen0:30:04 myocarditis, ontsteking van het hart0:32:07 Prion ziekte, Kreuzveld Jacob (gekke koeienziekte) en bijwerkingen0:37:40 Died suddenly, overleden met bloedproppen0:39:04 the smoking gun, wie verdient er aan?0:39:57 het hoger beroep door het OM in de strafzaakartikel / links: https://potkaars.nl/blog/2023/2/6/dit-zijn-de-feiten-prove-me-wrong-willem-engel-na-drie-jaar-corona 

Dr. Glenn Telling, the director of the Prion Research Center at Colorado State University, and Sarah Gregory discuss a new prion strain as a cause of chronic wasting disease in a Finland moose.

In this original What the Dementia episode we will discuss what Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is. Have you heard of it? STANDARD PRECAUTIONS: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/basics/standard-precautions.html https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/standard-precautions-in-health-care.pdf REFERENCES: https://nursing.ceconnection.com/ovidfiles/00152193-201603000-00010.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2016.00138 https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/jnp.2007.19.4.428 https://oncology.wustl.edu/people/faculty/Sadler/Neurology.pdf https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20371226 https://www.scielo.br/j/dn/a/S9HJQC8jb9hhggz9QJjx59f/?format=pdf&lang=en https://alzheimer.ca/bc/sites/bc/files/documents/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-2016.pdf https://alz.org/media/documents/alzheimers-dementia-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-ts.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226039/ LET'S CONNECT: LinkTree | https://bambu.care Newsletter | https://www.letsbambu.com/newsletter Free Community | https://www.letsbambu.com/champions MUSIC CREDIT: Listen To SpillageVillage - Tropical Landing Pop Songs At Looperman.com DISCLAIMER: The information contained in Bambu Care LLC's website, blog, emails, programs, services and/or products is for educational and informational purposes only. While we draw on our prior professional expertise and background in other areas, you acknowledge that we are supporting you in our role exclusively as a Dementia Care Consultant. By participating in Bambu Care, LLC's website, blog, emails, programs, services and/or products, you acknowledge that we are not a licensed psychologist, professional counselor, or medical doctor. We in no way, diagnose, treat, or cure any illnesses or diseases. Dementia Care Consulting is in no way to be construed or substituted as psychological counseling or any other type of therapy or medical advice. The information provided by Bambu Care, LLC also does not constitute legal or financial advice nor is intended to be. Dementia Care Consulting is not a substitute for the services of a CPA or attorney. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/whatthedementia/message

On episode #21 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 1/18/23 – 2/1/23. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode The impact of cold temperature in the pattern of influenza virus infection (OFID) Janssen to discontinue Phase 3 Mosaico HIV vaccine clinical trial (JNJ) Randomized trial of vaccines for Zaire Ebola virus disease (NEJM) PD-1 blockade and lenalidomide combination therapy for Epstein-Barr virus infection (CMI) Outcomes of Daptomycin plus Ceftaroline vs alternative therapy for persistent MRSA bacteremia (IJAA) Detection of a novel strain of multidrug-non-susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae (The Lancet) Impact of a device to reduce blood culture contamination and false-positive central-line bloodstream infections (ICHE) Addition of anaerobic coverage for treatment of biliary tract infections (JAC) High dose Cefepime vs Carbapenems for bacteremia caused by Enterobacterales(OFID) Assessing the diagnostic performance of IGRAs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CID) Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (JACC) Discordant clinical and microbiological outcomes are associated with late clinical relapse in clinical trials for complicated UTIs (CID) Real-world use of bezlotoxumab and fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Cdiff (OFID) Blastomycosis in New England (OFID) Management of invasive candidiasis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (TCT) Short course of Antifungal therapy in patients with uncomplicated Candida Bloodstream infection (OFID) Parasites and childhood stunting (Cell) Comparing complication rates of midline catheter vs. PICC line (OFID) Novel prion strain as the cause of chronic wasting disease in a moose (EID) Agreement of respiratory viruses' detection between nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage in adults with pneumonia (CMI) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

011823 Susan On New Prion Disease From Shots Commitee On Weaponization Readers On Why No SHots by Kate Dalley

Countries like the U.K. and Canada are good case studies for the collective and immoral decisions that make up the general COVID response following the arrival of the SARS COV2. While it's true enough that the response in the U.S. was damaging economically, these countries with national healthcare systems enforced vaccination of mRNA shots on their citizens directly, revealing strong, undeniable trends that show the folly in this thinking. Join me in today's show where we focus on the destructive fallout experienced in Canada following these mandatory inoculations of the experimental mRNA technology. Twitter Post re: Canadian Doctors Dying William Makis, M.D. joins Dr Charles Hoffe, Stephen Malthouse & Chris Shaw to report on the deaths of many Canadian Doctors, including death from ‘Prion disease' LuckyLadyFox9

Today on the Opinions That Don't Matter podcast we find Kati and Sean talking about Time Travel, Jello Mold recipes that are awful and being scared of the basement. Come for the laughs, stay for the science talk. Australians follow the rules ttps://www.instagram.com/reel/ClVIoldhd8y/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D Jaywalking - Two types of people in life… Identification, CLEAR, Real ID, TSA PreCheck, NEWS Trump Organization found guilty of tax fraud scheme https://tinyurl.com/2wvuu92x A new writer tweeted about a low book signing turnout, and famous authors commiserated https://tinyurl.com/ynnx7amr Kati has injured her back. Was it yoga? Is it the Piriformis Syndrome. Sean is not a Dr. What is Acupuncture. New needles are better than the old needles. Gift opening… Thank you Christy & Joolz! Love them. LETTERS Would you go back in time to...... - Erin the awesome Toronto Contributor TV Shows: Quantum Leap and Early Edition. Was it Jesus who delivered the paper? Being scared by films, Lost Highway has a very creepy scene. Hallways and staircases are scary too. How Fast Can You Run If You Are Scared? The 30 Stair Dash from the basement. Something to do to chapter 133 and Kati's new book

Episode 1898 - Celine diagnosed with a neurological disorder? Ted discusses The Book of Eli. Insane merchant of death prisoner exchange with Russia. Jordan Peterson really messed up in an interview. IRS to tax eBay sales. Musk takes aim at Wikipedia. Nigeria restricts withdrawals to 45 a day to implement digital currency. What is Prion disease? High energy must listen show!

On episode #16 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 11/9/22 – 11/23/22. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for measles, mumps, rubella (CDC) Bacteremia with anaerobic bacteria and association with colorectal cancer (CID) Factors impacting the yield of image-guided biopsy in native vertebral osteomyelitis (OFID) Development of a clinical prediction score to inform tuberculosis treatment among children with HIV (OFID)  First detection and molecular identification of Rickettsia massiliae, a human pathogen (PLOS) Short-course vs long-course antibiotic therapy for children with nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia (JAMA) The timing of preoperative urinary tract infection influences the risk of prosthetic joint infection following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (JOA) Recurrent candidemia: trends and risk factors among persons residing in 4 US States (OFID) Spread of Sporothrix spp through respiratory droplets from infected cats (Medical Mycology) Comparison of mold active triazoles as primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (CID) Geographic distribution of dimorphic mycoses in the United States (CID) Knowledge, experiences, and practices of women affected by female genital schistosomiasis in rural Madagascar (PLOS NTDs) Dynamic immune profile in French Toxoplasmosis patients  White-Tailed deer are susceptible to the agent of classical sheep scrapie after experimental oronasal exposure (JID) The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The largest laboratory accident in the history of Infectious Diseases (CID) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

From the European Society for Clinical Virology 2022 Conference in Manchester UK, Vincent speaks with Richard Knight about prion diseases and the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalitis that led to cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Richard Knight Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit Clinical diagnosis of human prion disease (Prog Mol Biol Trans Sci) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Handbook Clin Viral) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Adv Exp Med Biol) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Dr. Stephanie Seneff's newest research collaboration on neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins from mRNA ‘vaccinations'. “Potential Mechanisms for Human Genome Integration of Genetic Code from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination: Implications for Disease.” J Neurol Disord 10 (2022):519. Seneff, S. Kiriakopoulos, AM, McCullough, PA, and Nigh G. Some of our topics: Every protein has a natural folded state to do its job. Neurodegenerative disease are caused by misfiled proteins. Prion proteins are misfolded proteins Exosomes carrying toxins travel up the vagus nerves lead to neurological issues re: Bells Palsy, headaches, difficulty swallowing, hearing issues, nausea mRNA tech has been around for a long time but the trails keep failing Spike protein causes other proteins to misfiled and causes inflammation Cancer is caused by DNA double breaks…Spike proteins break DNA RNA eventually disappears but once it gets into the DNA it is there for life. And much more… Dr. Seneff's Website Link to FullerLife Carbon 60 (Janean does receive a small referral reward) The Universal Antidote documentary As soon as the paper is published, I will put the link here! Listen on Bitchute Listen on RumbleDownload.

In this episode, we learn about prions and the neurodegenerative diseases they cause. Join us as Michael Terranova explains how these rare infectious proteins impact patients and why the medical community needs to be aware of their effects. Michael Terranova earned his BS and MS degrees at UC San Diego, and he is currently a medical student at the Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. A lifelong interest in neurology led Michael to research the neurobiology of substance use at the San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System before researching rapidly progressive dementias at the UC San Francisco Memory and Aging Center. He is also an avid automotive enthusiast, having participated in the Society of Automotive Engineers International Collegiate Design Series and restored multiple classic cars with his family. The opinions expressed in this podcast do not constitute medical advice and do not represent the views or opinions of the institutions, researchers, or patient advocacy groups discussed during the interview. Additional resources related to prion disease can be found at: https://memory.ucsf.edu/dementia/rapidly-progressive-dementias https://cjdfoundation.org https://case.edu/medicine/pathology/divisions/prion-center/ http://www.cureffi.org Episode produced by: Jackie Tarsitano Episode recording date: 7/13/22 www.medicuspodcast.com | medicuspodcast@gmail.com | Donate: http://bit.ly/MedicusDonate --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/medicus/message

Thank you Sean Hagedorn OMS III and Boston Loveless OMS III developing this podcast. Thank you Joshua "Superman" Hansen, OMS III for joining us! This podcast reviews the diagnosis of Prion Disease providing an overview of what we found helpful and interesting. This podcast has high yield information at the onset about the diagnosis and also has a segment near the end addressing strategies for preparing for the neurocognitive disorders questions that may present on the shelf. This is likely a high yield podcast for that topic. We enjoyed our discussion and hope you find it as interesting as we did! Thank you Jordan Turner for creating the perfect bumper music!

GUEST OVERVIEW: Dr Kevin McCairn Ph.D. is a Systems Neuroscientist with over 25 years of academic and industry experience. His specialization in functional whole brain networks, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases has placed him at the center of the ongoing controversies surrounding SARS-CoV-2, having published some of the earliest peer reviewed work indicating a lab origin for the virus. He speaks publicly about the risks of forced gene transfection/vaccination as a method to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. He is currently working on primate models to assess the risk of systemic and neurological adverse events from Spike Protein exposure, especially the risk from PRION disorders. He is also a signatory in a campaign to bring indictments against the individuals and organizations who are responsible for the creation of SARS-CoV-2 via 10letters.org.

Prion disorders are rare neurological diseases where a protein within the nervous system converts to a pathological form. The change in conformation affects other proteins, recruiting them to the misshapen, deleterious type. Chronic wasting disease is a neurological disease of deer, caused by prion conversion. In this episode Dr. Sandra Pritzkow from University of Texas Health - Houston describes prion related disease, and specifically the atypical transmission elements of chronic wasting disease. 

In 18th-century England, inbred sheep are afflicted with a disease that leaves them with an unscratchable itch. In New Guinea, a group of indigenous people blame sorcery for “kuru,” a disease causing tremors and uncontrollable fits of emotion. By the 1980s, scientists discovered they shared a groundbreaking link — one that could help explain why an Italian family was dying of insomnia.  Parcasters, we have exciting news! Our first book hits bookshelves July 12th. Don't miss this chilling summer read that takes you deep into the darkest sides of human nature. Learn more and grab your copy at www.parcast.com/cults! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Generations of a Venetian family succumbed to a mysterious illness that stopped them from entering a state of deep rest. Without sleep, they died. Faced with an early and terrible death, members of the family grew determined to unlock the secrets of their wicked inheritance.  Parcasters, we have exciting news! Our first book hits bookshelves July 12th. Don't miss this chilling summer read that takes you deep into the darkest sides of human nature. Learn more and grab your copy at www.parcast.com/cults! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The final battle of the Corpus brings the Fallow Crown to the brink.. Can our Heroes squeeze out a victory, or will they be the latest biomass added to the altar of flesh?

TWiV revisits chronic wasting disease of cervids and the ability of the prions to infect meadow voles and raccoons, and the suggestion that stochastic assembly of influenza virus particles may play a role in phenotypic diversity. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode CWD in meadow voles and raccoons (Emerg Inf Dis) Unusual infectious agents (Virology Live) Low fidelity influenza virus assembly (Cell) Shape-shifting viruses (TWiV 743) From variolous effluvia to VLPs (TWiV 170) A pox on your horse (TWiV 478) Letters read on TWiV 878 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – James Webb Space Telescope and Nature Conservancy Photo Contest Amy – A new strategy for staying one step ahead of the virus Rich – Searching for the origin of the smallpox vaccine: Edward Jenner and his little-known horsepox hypothesis Vincent – Blacktail Studio Listener Picks Richard – Water Structure and Science Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV revisits chronic wasting disease of cervids and the ability of the prions to infect meadow voles and raccoons, and the suggestion that stochastic assembly of influenza virus particles may play a role in phenotypic diversity. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode CWD in meadow voles and raccoons (Emerg Inf Dis) Unusual infectious agents (Virology Live) Low fidelity influenza virus assembly (Cell) Shape-shifting viruses (TWiV 743) From variolous effluvia to VLPs (TWiV 170) A pox on your horse (TWiV 478) Letters read on TWiV 878 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – James Webb Space Telescope and Nature Conservancy Photo Contest Amy – A new strategy for staying one step ahead of the virus Rich – Searching for the origin of the smallpox vaccine: Edward Jenner and his little-known horsepox hypothesis Vincent – Blacktail Studio Listener Picks Richard – Water Structure and Science Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv