Podcasts about Parkinson

In part one of this four-part series, Casey Kozak breaks down tremors observed during the physical examination of FND.  Show transcript:  Casey Kozak: Welcome back to Neurology Minute. This is Casey Kozak with Rutgers, and today we'll be discussing a very important and evolving topic, that is Functional Neurological Disorder, or FND. If you're a regular fan of the Minute, you'll have already heard a great miniseries on FND by Jon Stone and Gabriela Gilmour, which focuses on diagnosis and treatment. If you haven't listened yet, I encourage you to check it out. In this series, we're going to focus in on physical exam findings associated with FND to help you excel on the floors. Talking about the physical exam, it's important to keep in mind that FND looks different for every patient. However, some general characteristics of symptoms may include inconsistency, variability, selectivity of impairment, meaning mismatch of impairment with different tasks, distractibility, suggestibility, and incongruence with symptoms seen in other neurological disorders. Since tremors are one of the most common presentations of FND, we'll start there. Even while taking their history, you may notice features consistent with FND. And in fact, this is a great time to make natural observations of the patient and their symptoms. Unlike tremors associated with degenerative movement disorders like Parkinson's, functional tremors may exhibit variability of frequency and amplitude, especially during periods of shifted attention. You can further evaluate the tremor using the entrainment test. To perform the entrainment test, ask the patient to make a tapping motion. As the patient taps, look for a change in frequency in their tremor. The frequency of the tremor may begin to match the frequency of the patient's tapping. Any change in the tremor while the patient is tapping is considered a positive finding. Alternatively, you can also test the whack-a-mole sign. To elicit the whack-a-mole sign, the examiner holds down the tremulous body part while looking for the emergence of a tremor in a different body part. This finding is consistent with a functional tremor, as tremors related to neurodegenerative diseases do not jump limbs. Let's break now to practice. Join us again for our next episode where we will turn to functional weakness. See you then.

Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease is not one-size-fits-all, and treatment decisions shouldn't be either.In this episode of Swallow Your Pride, Theresa is joined by PD Dr. Bendix Labeit, MBA, neurologist and clinician-scientist, and Jule Hofacker, MSc, speech-language pathologist and PhD student in neurogenic dysphagia, to explore how Parkinson's treatments impact swallowing. They discuss how dopaminergic medication […] The post 388 – Parkinson's, Swallowing, and Deep Brain Stimulation: What Clinicians Need to Know appeared first on Swallow Your Pride Podcast.

Dr. Margarita Fedorova discusses possible environmental exposures and their risk of Parkinson disease.  Show citation:  Dorsey ER, De Miranda BR, Hussain S, et al. Environmental toxicants and Parkinson's disease: recent evidence, risks, and prevention opportunities. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(11):976-986. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00287-X  Show transcript:  Dr. Margarita Fedorova: Welcome to Neurology Minute. My name is Margarita Fedorova and I'm a neurology resident at the Cleveland Clinic. Today, we're reviewing some information about possible environmental exposures and their risk of Parkinson disease. As we see in diagnose patients with Parkinson, they often want to know why they developed it and some emerging studies may offer insights. A recent personal view published in The Lancet Neurology by Ray Dorsey and colleagues in November 2025 examined associations between three environmental exposures and Parkinson's disease; pesticides, dry cleaning chemicals and air pollution. Since only five to 15% of Parkinson's cases have an identifiable genetic cause, environmental factors are an important area of investigation. Dorsey and colleagues describe studies showing that pesticide exposure is associated with Parkinson's risk. One example is Paraquat, an herbicide widely used in agriculture. It's banned in over 30 countries, but remains legal in the United States. In a population-based US study, residents living or working near areas where Paraquat was sprayed at twice the risk of developing Parkinson's, suggesting residential proximity alone may confer risk. Other pesticide exposures may show similar patterns. The organic chlorides, DGT and gildren are used in various agricultural areas. They're fat-soluble compounds that accumulate over decades. Postmortem studies found that when brains with lewd pathology and some studies suggest developmental exposure may increase risk of neurodegeneration years later. There have also been risks possibly associated with chemicals used in dry cleaning and metal degreasing. Trichloroethylene or TCE is one such chemical that was found in high amounts in the water at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina. A study of over 170,000 marines stationed there showed a 70% increase in risk of developing Parkinson's compared to marines at a non-contaminated base. What's particularly striking is the timing. Marines were exposed at an average age of 20 and the exposure lasted just over two years, yet disease manifested 34 years later. This suggests a long latency period between exposure and disease onset. TCE is also concerning because it evaporates from contaminated groundwater and can seep into buildings. As of 2000, 30% of US groundwater was contaminated with TCE. The third category of environmental exposure is air pollution. Studies from Canada, South Korea, Taiwan, and the UK show association between exposure to fine particular matter known as PM 2.5 in nitrogen dioxide with increased Parkinson's risk. These pollutants come from vehicle emissions, industrial sources, and combustion processes. The studies suggest that chronic exposure to these air pollutants may contribute to neurodegeneration through inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. Unlike pesticides and dry cleaning chemicals, the magnitude of increased risk is often modest, typically ranging from one to 20%. However, the potential impact at large since almost everyone worldwide, 99% of people breathe on healthy air. For us as clinicians, this underscores the importance of taking detailed environmental histories. When patients ask, "Why me?" We can acknowledge that environmental exposures may have contributed to their disease. It's important to note that these studies show associations, but they don't confirm clear causation. Regardless, they may provide some answers to patients asking about the etiology of their Parkinson's or even the risks to others. That's your neurology minute for today. Keep exploring and we'll see you next time. If you want to read more, please find the paper by Ray Dorsey, titled Environmental Toxicants and Parkinson's Disease: Recent Evidence and Prevention Opportunities, published online in The Lancet Neurology in November 2025.

Jeffrey Weissman, over ninety film and television, and over one hundred stage credits. On television, he guest stars on Diagnosis Murder, Scarecrow & Mrs King, Saved By the Bell, Max Headroom, and othersHe co-stars in Back to the Future II & III (as George McFly), Pale Rider, Twilight Zone the Movie, most recently in No Address, Siblings and as Professor James Moriarty in Sherlock Holmes and the True Believer.Jeffrey is an advocate, and fundraiser for many charities; The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, American Heart Association, National Brain Tumor Foundation, Make A Wish Foundation, The Coalition on Homelessness, The Source's 'Dignity Bus' and many more.

A typical vaccine stimulates a person's immune system, yet only a portion of the immune response actually targets the disease it's designed to protect against. However, a new technology may be changing that dynamic.In this episode, I sit down with Lou Reese, an entrepreneur who has led or co-founded several biotech companies and has been working on synthetic peptide-based active immunotherapy medicines. He's co-CEO of United Biomedical and co-founder of Vaxxinity, Cana Life, and Axxium.He's working on a product that could—if proven successful—transform our approach to treating and preventing Alzheimer's. He and his team also have a product that has shown preliminary promise in phase 1 trials in treating Parkinson's.In this episode, he also reveals an incredible story: He and his team previously developed a peptide-based active immunotherapy vaccine candidate for COVID-19, and they successfully completed Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials. Institutional backing, however, favored Pfizer and Moderna. In 2022, Lou Reese's team was invited to the White House “Summit on the Future of COVID‑19 Vaccines,” where they presented their candidate as an alternative to Pfizer's mRNA vaccine, which by then had been associated with serious side effects.In the end, their product was never approved, and related content on YouTube was marked as misinformation.Views expressed in this video are opinions of the host and the guest, and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 3268: Dr. Neal Malik breaks down the health risks of sugar-free energy drinks, pointing to concerns beyond just sugar, such as unregulated additives and potential links to heart and liver issues. He explains why switching to plain coffee is likely the safer, more beneficial choice for daily caffeine. Quotes to ponder: "Most health experts agree that the issue with energy drinks isn't necessarily their caffeine, but the amount of added sugar they contain as well as some of the other added ingredients." "Extra L-carnitine can increase a person's risk of developing cardiovascular disease." "Three to four cups of plain coffee consumed each day may protect against type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, liver cancer, Parkinson's disease, and even cardiovascular disease." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Is life insurance a luxury—or a necessity? In this episode of Farming Without The Bank (FWTB Ep. 338), Mary Jo breaks down Chapter 7 of Nelson Nash's Warehouse of Wealth and explains how Parkinson's Law silently destroys financial progress, especially when people experience windfalls of money. From selling land, paying off equipment, kids leaving the house, or daycare expenses disappearing—windfalls happen whether you notice them or not. The real question is: Where does that money go? Nelson Nash's real-life example shows how paying off a policy loan after a windfall can feel like backdating life insurance by 13 years at a better health rating—an advantage you can never recreate later. This episode challenges the belief that life insurance is optional and explains why end-of-life benefits and banking should be treated like fuel in a vehicle—non-negotiable. Key Takeaways: Why Parkinson's Law eats every "extra dollar" if you don't give it a job How windfalls (kids moving out, loans paid off, daycare ending) should be redirected Why delaying a policy creates massive inefficiencies later in life Why the end of life benefit for children is about time to mourn, not profit How farmers and ranchers must be in the business of banking, not just production Chapters: (00:00) – Life Insurance: Luxury or Necessity? (01:07) – Nelson Nash's Windfall & Backdated Advantage (03:10) – Kids Leaving Home = Hidden Windfall (04:42) – Parkinson's Law Explained (08:04) – Daycare, Sports & Missed Opportunities (09:43) – Death Benefit Is Non-Negotiable (12:29) – Building Banking Into Your Commodity Price

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 3268: Dr. Neal Malik breaks down the health risks of sugar-free energy drinks, pointing to concerns beyond just sugar, such as unregulated additives and potential links to heart and liver issues. He explains why switching to plain coffee is likely the safer, more beneficial choice for daily caffeine. Quotes to ponder: "Most health experts agree that the issue with energy drinks isn't necessarily their caffeine, but the amount of added sugar they contain as well as some of the other added ingredients." "Extra L-carnitine can increase a person's risk of developing cardiovascular disease." "Three to four cups of plain coffee consumed each day may protect against type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, liver cancer, Parkinson's disease, and even cardiovascular disease." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this important and timely presentation on "The Effects of Toxins on Mental Health," naturopathic physician and environmental medicine pioneer Dr Joe Pizzorno reveals how the global rise in mental health disorders parallels a dramatic increase in human exposure to toxic chemicals. He explains that toxins now permeate our food, water, air, household environments, and even medical care – while the nutrients that once protected us from these chemicals have simultaneously declined in the modern diet. This combination, he shows, has created ideal conditions for brain dysfunction, neurodegeneration and mood disorders worldwide. Dr Pizzorno – founding president of Bastyr University, co-author of Clinical Environmental Medicine and The Toxin Solution, and one of the world's leading voices in science-based natural medicine – draws on decades of research, clinical practice and large-scale human data to demonstrate that environmental toxins are now major drivers of neurological and psychiatric illness. He outlines how specific contaminants, including arsenic, pesticides, industrial chemicals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), mercury and commonly used medications, damage the brain through mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, microglial activation and impaired apoptosis. In this deeply informative and practical session, Dr Pizzorno explains how clinicians and patients can meaningfully reduce toxic exposure and support detoxification through diet, lifestyle and environmental choices. By correcting nutritional deficiencies, decreasing total toxic load and improving the body's natural elimination pathways, he shows that biomarkers of oxidative and toxic burden can improve – and so can long-term brain health. In this episode, you will learn: Why the global epidemic of mental disorders aligns closely with rising exposure to neurotoxins and falling intake of protective nutrients. Which environmental toxins are strongly associated with dementia, cognitive decline, depression, ADHD, autism and Parkinson's disease. Why arsenic, particularly from contaminated water and food, is one of the most damaging neurotoxins linked to Alzheimer's disease, dementia and major cancers. How pesticides, PCBs and contaminated fish contribute to neurodegeneration and psychiatric symptoms. Why commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medications can act as neurotoxins and increase the risk of dementia. How toxins harm the brain through mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Why food is the single largest source of toxic exposure, followed by water, household chemicals, personal-care products and indoor air. Practical ways to reduce exposure at home, including air filtration, choosing cleaner products and improving food quality. How increasing dietary fibre and colourful plant foods supports toxin elimination and protects brain function. Why supporting glutathione and detoxification pathways – and maintaining these habits over time – can lower oxidative burden and improve long-term mental health.

Most brain decline, mood instability, and impulsive behavior start with a breakdown in how the brain's immune cells produce and use energy. This episode shows how mitochondrial health inside microglia influences cognition, emotion, and long-term brain resilience, and how everyday inputs quietly push those systems toward damage or repair. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey is joined by Dr. David Perlmutter, a board-certified neurologist and six-time New York Times bestselling author whose work focuses on the intersection of neurology, nutrition, metabolism, and brain health. A Fellow of the American College of Nutrition and member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Dr. Perlmutter brings decades of clinical and research experience to this conversation on how inflammation and mitochondrial function shape the brain across the lifespan. Together, they explore how microglial cells shift their behavior based on metabolic conditions, and how those shifts influence neurodegeneration, emotional regulation, impulse control, and cognitive performance. The discussion covers real-world inputs that shape these systems, including sleep optimization, fasting, ketosis, glucose regulation, gut signaling, environmental toxins, and tools referenced in the episode such as red and infrared light, 40 Hz light and sound, hyperbaric oxygen, lithium, nicotine, supplements, nootropics, GLP-1 agonists, and dietary approaches like carnivore and ketosis. The conversation connects brain biology to lived experience, showing how metabolism influences behavior, decision making, and long-term human performance through a Smarter Not Harder lens. You'll Learn: • How microglia shift between supportive and destructive states and why metabolism drives that change • How mitochondrial function inside immune cells influences inflammation and brain resilience • How inflammation affects the prefrontal cortex, impulse control, and reward-driven behavior • What the episode says about GLP-1 agonists and behavior changes like reduced cravings and gambling • How gut-derived signaling and short-chain fatty acid balance (butyrate vs propionate) relates to brain function • How tools like red and infrared light, hyperbaric oxygen, and 40 Hz light and sound connect to microglia • The lifestyle levers discussed in the episode: sleep optimization, fasting, ketosis, glucose control, and toxin reduction • The compounds mentioned, including lithium, nicotine, urolithin A, CoQ10, rosmarinic acid, and dihydromyricetin Dave Asprey is a four time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade is the top podcast for people who want to take control of their biology, extend their longevity, and optimize every system in the body and mind. Each episode features cutting edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, hacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. Thank you to our sponsors! KILLSwitch | If you're ready for the best sleep of your life, order now at https://www.switchsupplements.com/ and use code DAVE for 20% off. BodyGuardz | Visit https://www.bodyguardz.com/ and use code DAVE for 25% off. Stop cooking with toxic cookware and upgrade to Our Place today. With a 100-day risk-free trial, plus free shipping and returns, you can experience this game-changing cookware with zero risk. Visit: fromourplace.com/DAVE Use code: DAVE for 10% off sitewide Establish a powerful foundation for sustained wellness with Pique. Unlock 20% off: piquelife.com/DAVE Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: microglia brain health, brain immune system mitochondria, neuroinflammation podcast, mitochondrial dysfunction brain, david perlmutter podcast, dr david perlmutterneurologist, grain brain author podcast, alzheimers brain metabolism, parkinsons microglia, autism brain inflammation, gut brain immune signaling, short chain fatty acids brain, butyrate propionate brain, glp-1 brain behavior, glp-1 addiction research, red light therapy brain, infrared light mitochondria brain, 40 hz light sound brain, hyperbaric oxygen brain health, lithium microglia brain Resources: • Learn More About Dr. Perlmutter at: https://drperlmutter.com/ • Get My 2026 Biohacking Trends Report: https://daveasprey.com/2026-biohacking-trends-report/ • Join My Low-Oxalate 30-Day Challenge: https://daveasprey.com/2026-low-ox-reset/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:45 - Autism Spectrum 4:38 - Alzheimer's & Beta Amyloid 7:02 - Brain Immune Cells 8:06 - GLP-1 & Parkinson's 10:44 - M1 vs M2 Microglia 13:08 - Pharmaceutical Microdosing 15:51 - Gene Therapy 19:09 - Mold & Toxins 21:58 - Environmental Pollution 26:05 - MPTP Discovery 29:07 - Healing Interventions 31:39 - Light & Sound Therapy 36:35 - Mitochondrial Function 44:57 - Inflammation & Prefrontal Cortex 48:00 - GLP-1 Global Impact 52:11 - Mitochondrial Community 56:05 - Consciousness & The Field 1:00:00 - Psychedelics 1:01:59 - Love & Judgment 1:06:35 - Death & Knowing 1:09:06 - Heart-Brain Connection 1:11:06 - Closing Thoughts See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Parkinson's disease is rising rapidly worldwide, and most cases are driven by lifestyle and environmental stressors rather than genetics, meaning daily choices play a powerful role in risk and progression The disease often begins years before diagnosis, with early signs like poor sleep, digestive issues, anxiety, and fatigue signaling stress on your brain long before tremors appear Chronic inflammation, toxin exposure, poor sleep, and metabolic strain weaken dopamine-producing neurons, but improving sleep, movement, diet, and stress regulation slow this damage Supporting gut health, reducing exposure to environmental toxins, and maintaining steady energy through proper nutrition help protect your brain and preserve mobility and cognition Consistent habits that lower stress, improve sleep quality, encourage movement, and support vitamin D balance give your brain the conditions it needs to stay resilient over time

Dr. Deb Muth 0:03Today’s guest is someone I’m honored to call both a friend and a mentor, and one of the most trusted voices in medicine for patients with complex chronic illness. Dr. Neal Nathan is a board certified family physician who has spent decades caring for patients who don’t fit neatly into diagnostic boxes. Patients with mold related illnesses, Lyme disease, mast cell activation, and profound nervous system dysregulation. These are the patients who are often told their labs are normal and their symptoms are anxiety or that nothing more can be done. Instead of dismissing them, Dr. Nathan listened and he asked better questions. His work, including his landmark book, Toxic, has helped thousands of people finally feel seen, believed, and understood, and more importantly, has given them a path forward when medicine failed them. This conversation is for anyone who reacts to supplements or medications, for anyone who has gotten worse instead of better with treatment, and for anyone who knows their body that something deeper is going on, even if they’ve been told otherwise. Dr. Nathan, I’m deeply grateful for your mentorship, your integrity, and the way you continue to advocate for the most vulnerable patients. I’m so glad to have you here today. And before we begin, grab a cup of coffee, tea, or whatever grounds you, because this is the conversation you’ll want to settle into. Now, before we go onto this conversation, we need to hear from our sponsors. So give us just a quick moment and then Dr. Nathan and I are going to dive in to his story and how this all started for him and leave you with some nuggets of wisdom that you can help yourself with. Ladies, it’s time to reignite your vitality. Primal Queen supplements are clean, powerful formulas made for women like you who want balance, strength, and energy that lasts. Get 25% off@primalqueen.com Serenity Health that’s PrimalQueen.com Serenity Health because every queen deserves to feel in her prime the right places and then we can get started. All right? So, Dr. Nathan, like I said, I’m so excited to have you here today. Tell us a little bit about how did you start your career? Because you didn’t intend to work with the most complex and sensitive patients, I’m sure when you started out. But what did you notice early on that made you realize medicine was missing something? Neil Nathan MD3:03You know, Deb, actually, I did start out wanting to work with the most complicated cases. My delusional fantasy when I started was I wanted to help every single person who walked into my office. And so when I left medical school, I realized pretty quickly that the tools that I learned there were not adequate to do That I needed to learn more. So I started on a passionate journey of discovery, if you will, in which I started studying with anyone who had anything interesting about healing to talk about. And I want to emphasize that I was interested in healing, not in what I’ll call medical technology. So medical school taught me to be a good medical technologist, but it didn’t teach me about healing. I graduated a long time ago. I graduated from Medical School in 1971. And the word holistic wasn’t even a word back in those days, but that’s what I was looking for over many, many years. I studied osteopathic manipulation, homeopathy, therapeutic touch, emotional release techniques, hypnosis. If it’s weird, I probably have studied it at some point. I wasted some weekends studying things that I don’t think were particularly valuable. And I’ve had some remarkable experiences with true healers that taught me how to expand my understanding of what healing really meant. So early on, when I first started practice, I would invite my colleagues to send me their most complicated patients because that was my learning. That makes me weird. I know that. I love some problem solving. You know, I’m the kind of person who I get up in the morning and I do all of the New York Times kinds of puzzles. That’s. That’s my brain wake up call. So actually I did invite my colleagues to send me their complicated patients, and they did. So, I mean, they were thrilled to have me in the community because these were people they didn’t know what to do with. And I was happy as a clam with all these complicated things that I had no idea what to do with. But it pushed me to keep learning more, to keep searching for this person’s answer. And this person’s answer, that constant question is, what am I missing? What is it that I don’t know or understand? What questions am I not asking this person that would help me to figure it out? So sorry for the long winded digression. Dr. Deb Muth 6:14No, I’m glad you shared that. I’m very similar to you. I didn’t seek out working with the most complex, but as I started that, I was always very curious as well. So I was the same as you. Every weekend I would learn something and hypnosis and naturopathic medicine, homeopathy, and all these quote unquote weird things, right? And there’s always a pearl that you learn from something. You never not learn anything, but some of it, you kind of take or leave or integrate or not. And, and I think it, it makes you a better Practitioner, because you have all these tools in your toolbox for helping people that nobody else has been able to help. And. And it’s just kind of fun learning. I mean, I’m kind of a geek that way too. I like to learn all those things. Neil Nathan MD7:00Learning is my passion. One of my greatest joys in life is going to a medical meeting and getting a pearl. Literally. I’m not one of these people at medical meetings that have a computer in front of me listening. And I have a pad of paper and I’m writing down ideas next to people that I’m working with. So that, oh, let’s bring this up for these people. Let’s bring this up for these people. So it’s like, oh, great. Can’t get right back to the office on Monday so I can start, have some new ideas about what I’m missing. Dr. Deb Muth 7:38Yeah, I do the same thing. I have my pad of paper and I do the same thing. And as I hear something, I’m thinking about a person that’s in my office that I haven’t been able to help, or we’ve been stuck on something, and I’m like, oh, there’s a new thing we can try. And it’s so exciting. I love that. Let me ask you this. Was there a time when you finally thought, like, if I don’t listen to these patients differently, they might not ever get better? Neil Nathan MD8:04That’s a very complicated question. The people that I was treating that weren’t getting better were the ones that got my greatest attention. And one of the questions that constantly troubled me still does is, is this person not getting better because of some feature of themselves, or is it because of something that I don’t know? So I’ve wrestled with that for a very long time. My answer to it now is, For a long time, I’ve been able to see what I will call the light in a person. Call it a healing spark and energy. It isn’t truly light. There’s just something about that person when I work with them where I know this person will get well if I stick with them long enough. And then when I don’t get that, I don’t think I’ve helped any of those people over the years. Yeah, so it was a very long process of really not helping people for five years daily. And I would. I would ask those patients, I would say, you know, I haven’t helped you. We’ve been doing this for a very long time. Why are you still here? And they would say, because you care. And I would. Back when I was Younger, that was enough for me to go. That’s true. Okay, I’ll keep working at it. But as I’ve gotten older, caring isn’t enough. It’s. I’m not sure I’m the right person for you. And so as I’ve gotten older, when I don’t see that spark, when I don’t get that sense of someone, I’m more inclined early on in the relationship to tell them I’m not the right person for you. Yeah, you know, see if you can find someone else who can understand what you’re going through and help you. Because I, I’m not it. Dr. Deb Muth 10:16Yeah, you, you kind of know that you can help them or not. Yeah. Neil Nathan MD10:21I don’t know how to define that sense, but it’s very clear to me. I call it like seeing the inner light of another being. If it’s not there, and maybe it’s not there for me to see as opposed to someone else can see it. Dr. Deb Muth 10:41That’s interesting. So you’re known for working with patients who are highly reactive. They don’t tolerate supplements, a lot of times medications, or even some of your most gentlest protocols. Why are these patients so often misunderstood? Neil Nathan MD 10:59Because they appear to their family and to many other physicians to be so sensitive that the thought process of families and other physicians is often. Nobody’s that sensitive. This has got to be in your head. And that is what is conveyed to those patients. And they’re told it’s gotta be in your head. Go see a psychiatrist or a therapist. But I can’t help you. And unfortunately, we have learned in the last 20 years a great deal about, is making our patients so sensitive. It is a true reaction of their nervous system and immune system, and it is in response to various medical conditions they have. So again, as we’ve been talking about, those were the people that got sent to me for many years. And I, I have never believed that the majority of any. Anything that someone has experienced is in their head. Yeah, Almost everything I look at is real. I may not understand what is causing it, but for me, doubting a patient’s experience is not something I’ve ever done. And that’s what’s helped fuel what I’ve learned and what you learned over the year. That, okay, if this is real, and it is, I’m sure it is, the person in front of me looks like a straight shooter. They’re not hyper reactive. They’re not going off the deep end talking about it and talking about it very straightforwardly. And I’ve got these symptoms. I’VE got this, I’ve got this. And it’s really making my life miserable. Okay, what’s causing that? So I began to work with what we now call very sensitive patients and figuring out what caused that. So over the years, I think we have names for this in medicine. Sometimes we call this multiple chemical sensitivity. People who will go to be walking down the street and someone will walk past them wearing a particular scent or perfume and they will literally fall to the ground or go brain dead or can’t think straight or even have some neurological symptoms. And I’ve seen that happen in my office. I’ve seen patients walking down the hall and having a staff member who had washed their clothes and tied walk past them. And I literally watched them fall on the floor. And it’s like, this is not psychological. This is someone who is reacting to the chemical that they are being exposed to and this is the effect it’s having on them. And so eventually it became clear that all forms of sensitivity, sensitivity to light, sound, chemicals, smells, food, EMFs, touch, were really being triggered by a limbic system that was unhappy. We began to learn about limbic issues before that. Give you a short history of it. I have discovered something called low dose immunotherapy different by Butch Schrader. And there was a long three year period of if someone stuck with it. If I used those materials over time, a lot of my chemically sensitive people would get better. It was the only tool I had back then. Dr. Deb Muth 14:41Yeah. Neil Nathan MD 14:42)Then, I don’t know, 15 years ago I discovered Annie Hopper’s work with dynamic neural retraining. And when I added that to what people were doing, that’s when I had my, ah, this is an Olympic system issue. And this is something we can reboot. And since then, many other people have limbic rebooting programs which are quite excellent and useful. Now I helped a lot of people at that point and it wasn’t until I stumbled on Stephen Porges work with the vagal system with this concept of polyvagal theory that I realized that the two areas of the brain that are monitoring that person’s environment, internal and external, for safety, are the limbic and the vagal systems combined. So when I started adding vagal strategies to the limbic strategies, I helped even more people. And then the first, the third piece of this trifecta was 2016 when Larry Afron wrote his book Don’t Never Bet Against Occam, in which he began our understanding of mast cell activation. And when I read his book, it was like, oh, big piece of the puzzle. And then we realized that those three things. And there’s more, but those three things were treated, Would help the vast majority of our sensitive patients regain their health and regain their equilibrium. This is not psychological. This is really treatable. Dr. Deb Muth 16:19Yeah, I’ve noticed the same thing in my practice and followed very similar paths. As you started out with ldi and lda, and then the vagus nerve things have been by far. I think if I look back, the vagus nerve work has been the biggest changer in our practice as well. I mean, all of the things help, but, like, I can give somebody a vagus nerve stimulator today, and within 30 days, 90% of their symptoms are better. And that just kind of blows my mind. It’s like I’ve never had a tool in my toolbox that has worked that well and that quickly. So. So it really is making a big difference. And I, too, was trained way back in the late 90s with multiple chemical sensitivity people. And some of those clients that I inherited from my mentor are still around. And, you know, they still can’t function at all. They’re wearing gas masks. They can’t leave their house. You know, any smells that even come in without them opening the windows, they are stuck. And no matter what you do, it’s just a challenge. Nothing works for them. And it’s a very sad life that they have to live. Neil Nathan MD 17:30Well, let’s add to that story that you can give people limbic vagal and mast cell treatments, and it’ll really work well to help them, but you need to look deeper, which is what is causing mass cell issues. And in my experience, mold toxicity is by far the number one and various components of lyme disease is a second one, and then a variety of other environmental toxins, infections, and things like that may trigger for some, but you’ve got to go back and get to the cause or else. Dr. Deb Muth 18:12Yeah, nothing works. Neil Nathan MD 18:13You can make them better, but you can’t really get them. Well, you get rid of the cause, and people can completely differently life back. Dr. Deb Muth (18:20-18:21)Yeah. Neil Nathan MD 18:22One of my frustrations with the mast cell world is after Larry efferent’s book came out, it changed people’s consciousness about mast cell activation. Something genetically rare to something which we now know. It affects 17% of the population, so not rare at all. But the clinics that are popping up to do it, and now in every major medical center of the country has a mast cell clinic. But number one, they rely completely on testing to make the diagnosis, and testing is notoriously inaccurate. And second, they just aren’t aware that you gotta get cause. So they’re helping people, but they’re not curing people because they’re not looking for cause. Dr. Deb Muth 19:13Yeah. And if they’re helping people, it’s on a minimal level, in my experience. They’re. You know, most of the patients that we see that have been at those clinics have been dismissed. Once again, told that because the testing isn’t positive and they’ve only done it once, that they don’t have this. But yet they fit all of the pictures. And then when you start digging, you start realizing they really do have mast cell, and. And you can find the answers for it for them. Neil Nathan MD 19:40Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 19:41Why do you think mold remains so unrecognized in conventional medicine? Neil Nathan MD 19:48Interesting question. You know, I started writing a book chapter on the history of mold toxicity, our understanding of mold toxicity. And it’s. It’s fascinating to me. The mold toxicity is described in the Bible as a fairly long passage in Leviticus where it talks about that. So it’s not like it’s unknown to the universe, but largely, it’s remained undiscussed. Most people are aware of mold allergy. We’ve been treating mold allergy for decades. That we accept fully. I think the answer to your question lies in history a little bit. And I didn’t know this until I started kind of digging into it. There was an episode in the 70s in which a large number of school children in Cleveland, Ohio, got sick, and public health authorities attributed it to mold. About a year or two later, it was discovered that they. The H VAC system in the school had Legionella. Legionnaires disease. And it was then decided that, no, it wasn’t mold, it was legionnaires. And then a number of articles began appearing in the medical journals. Their names were literally mold. The hoax of mold toxicity. And that consciousness pervaded for 20, 30 years where people were reading these articles in which they were being told that mold toxicity was a hoax. That’s a strong word. And it took papers after papers after papers published in all kinds of medical journals, which were began to say, this is very real. This is symptoms that. That we see. It wasn’t until 2003, when Michael Gray and his team published a series of papers showing that these widespread symptoms, which we now recognize as mold toxicity, was real and directly attributed to mold. Now, keep in mind, we didn’t even have a test for mold at that point. Dr. Deb Muth 22:10Right. Neil Nathan MD 22:12So you could say this is mold toxin, because this person was. Well, they went into a moldy environment, they got sick, they went out of the moldy environment. They got well again, but we didn’t have treatments. We didn’t have a test for it. Historically, people were suspicious. Not very scientific. 2005, Richard Shoemaker wrote his book mole warriors, which really began to popularize the concept of this was a real thing. And in it, Ritchie talked about his markers and the visual contrast test. Now, these were not specific for mold, but they strongly, at least implicated that. Now, we had a test that could be helpful. So it wasn’t really until about 2010 that the first urine mycotoxin test came on the market. And at that point, we. We really could tell a person, you’ve got these symptoms, you’ve been living in mold. And now we have a test that shows you have mycotoxins in your urine. Now, it’s not like it’s a theory. It’s coming out of your body. That has furthered it, but not yet in the consciousness of the medical profession at large. As I’m sure you know, the history of medicine, in fact, the history of science, is that new ideas take 20 plus years to really be accepted by the profession. A new drug, a new technology is accepted very quickly because there’s an economic push to it. There’s no economic push to a new idea. So we’re still in the throes of some of us who work in the field. People say there’s no published data that really prove that this exists. And we’re working on that. As you know, we’re working on getting the papers published, but again, working on this history of molotoxism, There are actually hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of papers in the medical literature which really attest to the fact that this is a reality. It’s just that you and I are the only ones reading these papers. Dr. Deb Muth 24:33Yeah, we’re the only ones that care. Yeah. What would acknowledging mold actually forced medicine and the institutions to confront? Neil Nathan MD 24:44First of all, many medical offices and. Dr. Deb Muth 24:47Hospitals are molding, very much so. Neil Nathan MD 24:51And nobody wants to deal with that. It’s expensive. It’s difficult to truly get mold out of a building when it’s there. And so there’s a huge economic push to not acknowledge mold toxicity as an entity. The whole building industry doesn’t want to deal with it. Yes. It is estimated by the federal government that 47% of all molds have visible or smellable mold in them. It’s not like it’s rare. Not everyone’s going to get sick from it. But if your immune system takes a hit from anything and it loses containment over that mold, then you will take a hit from it. And it is also estimated that at least at this moment, 10 million Americans are suffering with some degree of mold toxicity and don’t even have a clue that that’s a real thing and that it can be both diagnosed and treated successfully. Dr. Deb Muth 25:51Yeah, it’s so hard. Like so many of the patients that we see, mold is never on their radar when they come to us. You know, Lyme disease is never on their radar when they come to us. And many of our patients have both. And the argument of there’s no way I could have, you know, mold exposure until you start digging back into their history a little bit. And then they’ll say, well, yeah, grandma’s house smelled and you know, I live in a hundred year old house, but it’s been completely renovated. And until you start having these conversations and really talking about it, people don’t have a clue that these things could make them sick. Or they, you know, I have a lot of clients that renovate houses for a living or that’s, you know, their hobby. And they go in and they renovate these houses and they’ve never worn appropriate equipment to protect themselves and, and then they’re sick 10, 15 years later. But don’t really understand why. Neil Nathan MD 26:47Yeah, from my perspective, it’s about how robust the immune system is. Dr. Deb Muth 26:51Yeah. Neil Nathan MD 26:52That if your immune system is robust, and this is true for Lyme as well as molecules, you could be bitten by a tick, you may have a Lyme or a co infection of Lyme like Bartonella rubesia in your body, or you could be exposed to mold, you could be living in a moldy environment, and your immune system will allow you to function at a high level for a while if your immune system takes a hit. Now the hit recently, big time, was Covid that unmasked Lyme and mold for a lot of people and a lot of people who think they have long whole Covid really have unmasked that they have Lyme and mold toxicity. That’s a whole other subject here. But menopause, childbirth, surgical procedure, any severe infection, any intense emotional reaction, death of a loved one, any of these can weaken the immune system. And then what is already there is no longer contained and we are off to the races of severely impaired health. Dr. Deb Muth 28:02Yeah, that’s what it did for me. I got sick with COVID and maybe about six, eight months later, I started to express neurological symptoms that looked like Ms. And actually had the diagnosis of Ms. But knowing what I know, I said, you know what? Ms. Is something else. Until proven otherwise in my book. And so because I had the knowledge that I did, I went and did all the Lyme testing and the mold testing and hit the trifecta of everything. Lyme co infections, mold, viruses. I just had everything. And as I started down that path of trying to clean it all up, all of my symptoms started to disappear. And certainly it wasn’t as easy as it sounds, and it wasn’t as quick. And I felt a lot worse before I felt better, as most of our clients do. But I think that I’m not the only person that this has happened to. And I think a lot of people get misdiagnosed just simply because nobody’s looking for the other problems that you and I look for and that we know of. And that’s one of the ways our medical system fails the clients they work with. Unfortunately. Neil Nathan MD 29:12One of the things that I teach and want people to be aware of is any specialist who makes the diagnosis that includes the word atypical. So atypical ms, atypical Parkinson’s, atypical Alzheimer’s, atypical rheumatoid arthritis, whatever it is, if that’s the word. What they’re saying is this has feedback features of this illness, but doesn’t really match what I see every day in my office. And when I hear the word atypical, I say, please look for mold, please look for Lyme. Because that is often the case here. Dr. Deb Muth 29:51Yeah, oftentimes it is. You also teach that when patients get worse under treatment, it doesn’t mean they’re failing. It means the treatment might not be appropriate for their psychology. Can you explain that a little bit? Neil Nathan MD 30:05Yeah. I think that many people start understanding about things like Lyme or mold and don’t really have the bigger picture. And so they will jump in with aggressive treatments in people who aren’t really ready for that degree of aggressive treatment. And here we’re going to come back to, if someone’s living vagal and mast cell systems are dysfunctional and not working properly, it is highly likely they won’t be able to take normal doses of the binders we use for mold, or to take antifungals or to take the antibiotics we need for Lyme disease. It’s not that they don’t want to. They can’t. And so what I see is not understanding what you need to do, in what order. If you do it in the right order, you’ll help the vast majority of people you’re working with. And again, that trifecta of limbic vaginal, mast Cell is one piece that a lot of people don’t address. And again, order matters. For example, in the mold world, some people have learned that, oh, I’ll need to give people antifungals to get this mold and Candida out of their body. But if you do that and you don’t have binders on board, there’s a very high risk that you’re going to cause a severe die off and make people really miserable. I remember when we kind of first started this, I was working with Joe Brewer, who’s an infectious disease specialist from Kansas City. And Joe wrote some of the earlier papers on this particular subject. And I was doing, I had a radio show at that point and Joe was on and we were talking about mold toxicity and how we treat it and what we did. And he mentioned that about 40% of his patients had this really nasty die off. And I went, I almost never see a die off. And so when we got off the program, we sat down and tried to compare notes about, okay, what am I doing differently than you, that I’m not getting the die off. And Joe, as an infectious disease specialist would go quickly to his antifungals. And yes, he put people on binders, but he also simultaneously put the lungs in pretty heavy doing antifungal. They got a nasty diure. I never put people in antifungals until their binders were up and running. So from my way of thinking about it, if you use any antifungal, they all work by punching holes in the cell wall of either a mold or a candida organism, killing it. However, by punching holes in it, what’s in that cell leaks out. And that includes mycotoxins. So. So you’re literally, if you’re using it aggressively, you can literally flood the body with mycotoxins. And if you don’t have the binders on board to mop it up, there’s a high risk that you’re gonna be pretty miserable. Cause you’re literally more toxic. Dr. Deb Muth 33:18Yeah, I remember in the early 2000s when they were teaching, if you’re not getting somebody to have that die off reaction, that quote unquote, herx reaction, then you’re not doing your job, you’re not giving them enough. And we would have clients that would come in and say, I’m not herxing. You’re not doing enough for me. And we were always the ones that are saying, you don’t have to hurt to get rid of this thing. I’m a naturopath too. And so preserving the adrenal Function was always very important to us. And we were like, if we cause you to hurts like that, now we’re depleting the adrenal system. We’re creating more problems that we’re gonna have to fix on the backside. And that was the narrative that was being taught back then. And I’m glad that’s not the narrative that’s being taught today, for sure. But people don’t understand. Like you said, you’re more toxic at this point, and creating more toxicity isn’t what we want to do. Neil Nathan MD 34:12It’s not good for healing. Kind of intuitively obvious, but you’re right. Back in the early days, we were taught that just to put a spin, I’ll call it on a nasty Herc’s reaction. Oh, great, we’re killing those little microbes. This is fabulous. Yep. I mean, that’s how we spun it back then. And currently I can’t say that some Lyme literate doctors still believe that, but most of us have realized that. No, that means we’re killing him too quickly. We need to modify what we’re doing so that we are killing it, but not at a rate that our patient is getting worse. Dr. Deb Muth 34:59Yeah, I always tell people we want to kill the bug, but we don’t want to make you feel like we’re killing you at the same time, because that’s what’s going to happen if we’re not careful. So, yeah, how does trauma and emotional or physical trauma and abuse and chronic illness, how do they all reinforce each other? Neil Nathan MD 35:24Our limbic systems have been trying to keep us safe since we were in our mother’s uterus. By again scrutinizing the stimuli we’re being exposed to from the perspective of safety. So none of us have had perfect childhoods. Yeah, some older than others. But depending on what you had in your childhood, maybe you had recurrent ear or throat infections and took lots of antibiotics. Or maybe you needed surgeries. Or maybe you had parents who were both working and not particularly available to you. Or maybe you had abusive parents in any way possible. But through your whole childhood experience, your limbic system is really going okay. This isn’t safe. This is not good for me. This is not right. And becoming more and more hyper vigilant to really be aware of that so it can try to keep us safe, which is okay. Maybe my parent was an alcoholic and okay, they’re coming in now. I’m going to make myself scarce. My limbic system is going to tell you, get out of here. Don’t put yourself in harm’s. Way, if that’s the case. And then as we go through our lives, more things occur. We have heartbreak when we’re teenagers, and we have difficulties with work or bosses or other things. Each insult of safety to us helps to create a limbic system that is more and more hypervigilant. So if you then have a trauma of any kind, it’s kind of like the straw that breaks the camel’s back at that point. And that could be mold toxicity, that could be Covid, that could be the loss of a loved one, that could be a betrayal of some point, any number of things, once that happens. Now that limbic system is super hypervigilant. Now, what that means is, symptomatically for people is we’re going to have symptoms in two main categories. Not to make us sick, but to warn us from our limbic system that, hey, this isn’t safe for you. You got to get into a safe place here. And those symptoms are in the category of emotion and sensitivity. So with any of our patients that we see, if they have become more and more anxious patients, panic, depressed, ocd, mood swings, depersonalization, derealization, that’s all limbic. And if they have any increase in sensitivity to light, sound, chemicals, smell, food, touch, EMFs, limbic. So most of our patients have gotten to that place. And as I’ve said, the vagal system comes along with the limbic system because it does the same job. Those symptoms are a little different. The vagal system controls the autonomic nervous system, and so things like temperature, dysregulation, pots, blood pressure, palpitations. The vagus nerve also controls almost all gastrointestinal function. So almost any symptom in the GI tract is going to have a vagal piece to it. Gas, bloating, distension, reflux, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea. So those are common symptoms in our patients. And it helps us to tease it apart that we can literally tell them these are symptoms of vagal dysfunction. These are symptoms of limbic dysfunction. And I hope I’m answering your question, which is, how does this evolve? It evolves throughout our whole life, and then eventually we get to the point where our limbic system is overwhelmed. And here’s the good news. We can treat this. We can fix it. We have various programs. And honestly, Deb, I believe that every man, woman and child on this planet needs limbic retraining, or at least limbic work. Co did a real number on the whole planet. Yeah, most people live in some degree of fear From a wide variety of causes. And we don’t have to live in fear. We don’t have to let us hurt us, but we do need to recognize that it is limbic, it is vagal, and we can do something about it. Dr. Deb Muth 39:58Yeah, that’s an exciting time for us, I think. You know, I. I agree. Like, the last couple of years have been very traumatic for a lot of people. Our young kids that were traumatized in school, their parents, the grandparents. I mean, everybody has gone through some kind of anxiety or fear around what’s happened in the last few years, and not to mention all the things that they’ve lived with their whole lives. And this just kind of came to a head and I think broke open for a lot of people that were suppressing their feelings up until this point. And it. It just was the perfect storm for a lot of people, unfortunately. And there’s a lot of people that can’t get over the trauma that’s occurred. The lying amongst the government and our families, how we treated each other and pushed each other aside and, you know, broken families apart because of their belief systems. It really did a number on people, and they’re really struggling to get back. Back for sure. Neil Nathan MD 40:56Yeah, we’re in complete agreement here. Dr. Deb Muth 40:59Yeah. Yeah. So many of our listeners, especially women, have been told their symptoms are anxiety or stress or quote, unquote, just hormonal. Right. And from your perspective, what damage does that kind of dismissal cause for people? Neil Nathan MD 41:16We have a fancy word for that, which is iatrogenic illness. Translation is your doctor is making you sick by treating you inappropriately, not making the right diagnosis and not honoring what you’re experiencing. There’s actually a new word that I’ve recently heard called medical gaslighting, in which you describe something to your doctor and he goes, no, this is in your head. There’s nothing really physically wrong with you, and you know that. No, no, no, no, no. I might be a little bit stressed by it, but something else is going on in my body. And they’re telling you, no, we tested you. Usually those testings involve doing a blood count and a chemistry profile, and that’s it. Those tests will not reveal the kinds of things we’re talking about because you’re not looking for the right thing. So it is really common for our patients to have been told that there’s nothing wrong with you. You need to see a psychiatrist because they don’t know enough to understand that the symptoms you’re describing, if you understood what you’re looking at, are very clear manifestations of Things. Things like mold toxicity and Lyme disease, chronic viral infections, a variety of other things. But your doctor has to know this in order to happen. And this is a failure of medical education. So if my message to everybody always is never doubt yourself or what you’re experiencing, it’s real, there’s never a reason to doubt that. If the people around you aren’t believing, you find someone who does. And again, to augment this, part of the problem is if families accompany the patient to the doctor’s office and they hear the doctor telling them it’s in their head, families become less supportive of their loved ones and go, well, doctor said, this is in your head. I don’t know why you feel so awful. And so families need the same point of view of trust your loved one’s perceptions. There’s no reason not to. Malaboring hypochondria is extremely rare. Gets talked about a lot. I’ve been practicing for over 50 years. I have rarely seen, seen anybody with those truly with those symptoms. So trust yourself. Good. Dr. Deb Muth 44:03I love that. What do you wish every clinician understood about listening? Neil Nathan MD 44:13I wish that every clinician had the same curiosity that we do, which is, I might not understand why this being in front of me has these symptoms or is ill, but I’m going to do everything in my power to figure it out. That means I’ll learn what I need to learn. I’ll study what I need to study to figure out why this person is sick. I really wish, and I understand kind of why that’s happened. My wife always thought that everyone was like me, which was Saturday mornings. My great joy in life was getting up early with a cup of coffee and reading medical journals or obscure medical books. That was my joy. She was shocked that most other people don’t. The way medicine actually evolved. We’re burning out doctors at a rate never before in the history of this planet by making them do things that are not in the service of patients, but are in the service of making money. And so doctors are being given seven minutes per visit. If you have a complicated person, there’s no way you could do income. Seven minutes. The way the system is set up, it doesn’t allow doctors to do their job. And then they’re under tremendous pressure to get the charts filled out properly, the way the advent of electronic medical records supposed to be. This great thing is it’s making doctors have to go home and spend two hours at home, not with their family, but getting their charts squared away. And I don’t think all patients realize the Kind of pressures that doctors are under. So to answer your question, I would like doctors to be more curious, but also, the system is broken, and I wish we could fix the system so that every patient could get the amount of time they needed with their doctor to really explore what’s going on and get to the heart of what’s happening. Dr. Deb Muth 46:31I so agree. So agree with all of that. If there was one question you would want every patient to ask their doctor, what would it be? Neil Nathan MD 46:44How would you treat me if I was your sister, mother, relative, whatever. Not what you want to do, theoretically. But if I were your wife, if I were your sister, how would you treat me? I don’t see that happening much, especially with elderly people. I see Doctors going, you’re 80. What do you expect me to do? I’m getting pretty close to being 80. And I expect you to help me because I want to function at this high level for a very long time. There was. It was an old joke that used to be Bella went in to see the doctor, and the doctor, he said, doc, my knee is all swollen and it’s tender and I’m having trouble walking on it. And the doctor said, you’re 102 years old. What do you expect? But, doctor, my other knee is perfectly fine, and it’s 102 years old also. So I once had the opportunity. I had a 100-year-old patient who had exactly that. So that was able to look at his knee and go, we’re going to take care of this. So it’s just older people need to be treated with respect, with the same thing, of absolutely no reason that they shouldn’t get the kind of attention that you would want your grandfather, your father, to have. Dr. Deb Muth 48:16Yeah, I love that question. So I have one last big question for you. If medicine were rebuilt around patients instead of systems, what would you change? First. Neil Nathan MD 48:33I would get rid of the middle man in medicine, the HMOs, the managed care organizations, where they take the profit and it’s being shunted into other areas. So rather than the physician being paid directly for what’s happening, they just get a piece of it that the managed care organization deems appropriate. You know, I grew up in what was called golden age of medicine back in the 70s, where I could do for people what they wanted done. People didn’t doubt that it was in their best interest and that if I ordered a test, it got done. I didn’t have to have someone else authorizing or tell me this is an okay or an appropriate test, I could do it. So I would go back to a. A practice of medicine, direct care, where you. Maybe there’s a system that would help reimburse you for it, but you could go to the doctor and you get what you need, and the doctor decides what you need. Actually, they’re the ones seeing you. Would a clerk in an office 600 miles away decide whether you can have this test or not? Have this test? Test? It doesn’t make any sense to me. I should be able to deliver what you want and need, and I should have the time it takes to really work with you. I’d like to go back to the 70s. Dr. Deb Muth 50:07Me too. Me too. Is there one thing that gives you hope right now for our system? Neil Nathan MD 50:16Honestly, I’m a very optimistic person. My answer is is no. I think the system is broken. I think it is being held intact by people who are profiting from this system. They have no interest in letting go of their profits for it, and they don’t have any interest in seeing that people get treated properly and well. So I think, as I said, the system’s broken. It needs to be rebuilt from the ground up. Dr. Deb Muth 50:45I agree. I agree. Dr. Nathan, thank you so much. Not just for the conversation, but for the way you’ve modeled curiosity and humility and compassion in medicine. It is an honor to work alongside of you, call you my friend, and learn from you. Thank you so much for that. For those listening, if this episode resonates with you, I want you to hear this clear clearly, your sensitivity is not a flaw. Your body is not broken. And needing a different approach does not mean you’re failing. Healing doesn’t happen by forcing the body. It happens when the body finally feels safe enough to heal. If this conversation has helped you and you feel seen, I encourage you to share it with someone who needs that as a reminder. Thank you for being here and thank you for sharing with us. Let’s talk wellness now. Neil Nathan MD 51:38So in this context, I just want people to be aware of one of my recent books, which is the Sensitive Patient’s Healing Guide, which talks about this in great detail. And the new second edition of my book, Toxic, goes over the whole mold Lyme thing in more detail. So again, that wasn’t intended to be self serving, but rather there are resources where you can learn even more about it than Deb and I are able to cover in this short interview. Dr. Deb Muth 52:09Yeah, absolutely. And your first book, Toxic, was amazing. So if people haven’t read it, you definitely want to read the second version of it because it is incredible. And Dr. Nathan, if there’s somebody that wants to get a hold of you. How do they find you? How do they learn more about what you’re doing? Neil Nathan MD 52:24A very complicated website. Neilnathanmd. Com. Dr. Deb Muth 52:30Perfect. Well, thank you for today. Neil Nathan MD 52:34You’re very welcome.The post Episode 253 – Environmental exposures, Lyme disease & multiple chemical sensitivities: integrative approaches to healing first appeared on Let's Talk Wellness Now.

Ambient documentation is becoming normal in clinics. But the most interesting “voice” capability may not be transcription at all.In the latest episode of Faces of Digital Health, Henry O'Connell (Canary Speech) explains why voice biomarkers stalled for decades: the field analyzed words, not the neurological signal behind speech production.Canary's approach focuses on the “primary data layer”—how the central nervous system drives respiration, vocal cord vibration, and articulation in real conversational speech. A few details that stood out: ⏱️ ~45 seconds of conversation can be enough for assessment

Dr. Margarita Fedorova outlines how genetic, environmental, and pathological factors interact in Parkinson's disease and what this means for patient counseling.  Show citation:  Blauwendraat C, Morris HR, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Noyce AJ, Singleton AB. The temporal order of genetic, environmental, and pathological risk factors in Parkinson's disease: paving the way to prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(11):969-975. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00271-6  Show transcript:  Dr. Margarita Federova: Welcome to Neurology Minute. My name is Margarita Fedorova, and I'm a neurology resident at the Cleveland Clinic. Today we're exploring a framework for understanding how genetic, environmental, and pathological factors interact in Parkinson's disease and what this means for how we counsel our patients. A personal view paper by Blauwendraat and colleagues, published in The Lancet Neurology in September 2025, addresses a critical question. We've identified over 100 genetic loci for Parkinson's, but how do they act? The common saying is genetics loads the gun and environment pulls the trigger, but this paper suggests the relationship may be more complex. The key tool here is alpha-synuclein seeding amplification assays or SAAs. These detect misfolded alpha-synuclein protein in cerebrospinal fluid. Over 90% of Parkinson's patients test positive for misfolded alpha-synuclein using this assay. But here's what's notable. 2% to 16% of neurologically healthy older adults also test positive with prevalence increasing with age. This means there are more asymptomatic people with detectable alpha-synuclein pathology than people with actual Parkinson's disease. Most of these asymptomatic individuals will never develop symptoms. This raises an important question. What determines who converts to a disease and who doesn't? By integrating SAA results with genetic data, researchers can examine whether genetic factors drive initial protein misfolding or whether they modulate the response to pathology triggered by environmental or random events. Preliminary data suggests polygenic risk scores don't strongly associate with SAA positivity in healthy older adults. In other words, people with high genetic risk for Parkinson's aren't necessarily more likely to have misfolded alpha-synuclein if they're healthy. This suggests most Parkinson's genetic risk factors may not be causing initial misfolding. Instead, they may be determining what happens afterward, such as whether the pathology progresses to clinical disease. LRRK2 mutations support this model. About 33% of LRRK2 related Parkinson's patients are SAA-negative compared to only 7% in sporadic disease. This means many people with LRRK2 mutations develop Parkinson's without the typical alpha-synuclein pathology. LRRK2 mutations also show varied pathology. Sometimes alpha-synuclein, sometimes tau, sometimes neither. This suggests LRRK2 may modulate responses to different initiating events rather than directly causing protein misfolding. What does this mean for us as clinicians? Asymptomatic SAA-positive individuals could represent a window for intervention. If we can understand what protects them from converting to disease or what triggers that conversion, we could enable earlier identification of at risk individuals and potentially intervene before symptoms develop. The authors call for large scale studies using SAAs in older populations, combined with genetic analysis and longitudinal follow-up. By integrating pathological biomarkers with genetic and environmental data, we can better understand the temporal sequence of events in development of Parkinson's. This approach could fundamentally change how we think about disease prevention and early intervention, potentially allowing us to identify at risk individuals before symptoms appear and develop targeted prevention strategies. That's your neurology minute for today. Keep exploring, and we'll see you next time. If you want to read more, please find the paper by Cornelis Blauwendraat et al titled The Temporal Order of Genetic, Environmental and Pathological Risk Factors in Parkinson's Disease: Paving the Way to Prevention, published online in September 2025 in Lancet Neurology.

What if you could detect early warning signs of serious health conditions in just minutes, from the comfort of your own home? Download Your Health Compass Assessment Tool: https://yourhealthcompass.org In this groundbreaking episode, longevity expert Lisa Tamati unveils the revolutionary Health Compass App - a privacy-focused wellness tool that empowers you to take control of your health destiny through evidence-based questionnaires and self-assessment. Forget expensive tests and lengthy doctor visits. This simple yet powerful app uses validated public health data to flag early indicators for conditions that matter most, putting the power of health awareness directly in your hands. In this episode, we explore: How the Health Compass App works: simple yes/no questionnaires based on symptoms and risk factors Early detection insights for Parkinson's, Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Cancer (Prostate & Breast), Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, Asthma, Anxiety, and Depression Why privacy matters: non-personalised summaries that respect your data sovereignty The difference between empowering insights and medical diagnostics How this tool fits into your biohacking and peak performance toolkit Self-sovereign health: taking charge without compromising your privacy When and why to consult healthcare professionals based on your results The future of personalised health assessment technology Whether you're deep into biohacking, focused on peak performance, or simply want to stay ahead of potential health issues, this app becomes your companion for proactive, self-directed wellness. Lisa breaks down exactly how to use this tool effectively and why early awareness - not diagnosis - can be your most powerful health asset. Ready to take control of your health compass?

Gül Dölen is a pioneering neuroscientist in the emerging field of psychedelics. She's studied how psychedelics may assist in treating trauma, addiction, depression, and even Parkinson's. A key piece of her research has involved critical periods–when the brain is capable of rapid and deep learning. Psychedelics may be a master key for unlocking these critical periods and curing diseases of the brain. Dölen speaks with Krista Tippett, host of the “On Being” podcast, about what she's learning about the brain and its capacity to heal. Dölen is a professor at UC Berkeley where she teaches both psychology and neuroscience.

In this deep-dive episode, Dr. Jill Carnahan and Dr. O'Bryan explore why LPS is far more than a gut issue—and how it silently fuels systemic inflammation for decades before symptoms like Alzheimer's, dementia, Parkinson's, or autoimmune disease appear.

Roche/Genentech announced on June 15–16, 2025 that prasinezumab — an anti-α-synuclein monoclonal antibody — will enter Phase III trials for early Parkinson's disease after mixed but encouraging Phase II signals.  In this episode (watch on YouTube) we explain the biology behind α-synuclein targeting, summarize the PASADENA and PADOVA findings (what was missed and what looked promising), discuss safety issues and trial design challenges, and speak with experts/patients about realistic timelines and hopes for disease-modifying therapies To follow trials like this and to have customized information and results delivered to you directly, consider signing up to try Turnto and the AI sidekick Turny. Sign up here and use the promo code PDEDUCATION for a 10% discount: https://www.turnto.ai/sidekick?fpr=pdeducation Help to support this channel and out efforts to educate the world about Parkinson's Disease and get access to personalized content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0g3abv8hkaqZbGD8y1dfYQ/join  https://www.patreon.com/pdeducation Please be sure to give support to our channel sponsors: Comfort Linen: https://comfortlinen.com/PARKINSONSDISEASEEDUCATION(15% off entire order when applying the code PARKINSONSDISEASEEDUCATION at checkout) Kizik Shoes: https://kizik.sjv.io/pdeducation Cure Hydration: https://lvnta.com/lv_XG06Rho8SSlXEq3qlV If you have products that you would like for me to review on the channel please send them here: Parkinson's Disease Education P.O. Box 1678 Broken Arrow, OK 74013 Medical Disclaimer All information, content, and material of this video is for informational purposes only and not intended to serve as a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment of a qualified physician or healthcare provider. Affiliate disclaimer: Keep in mind that links used for recommended products may earn me a commission when you make purchases. However, this does not impact what products I recommend. If I recommend a specific product it is because it has been vetted by myself or based on personal use. #parkinson #parkinsonsawareness #parkinsonsdisease #parkinsons #prasinezumab #monoclonalantibodies #alphasynuclein

Antti Vuolanto, CEO of Herantis Pharma, discusses the significant unmet need in Parkinson's disease and outlines Phase II plans for the company's lead asset HER-096.

Ashley Paul, MD joins us to learn more about diagnosing and treating tremors. She shares point to look for in a high‑yield history, physical exam findings, and how to think about medical management among much more.Please check out more of Dr. Paul's work here: “Parkinson's Foundation Fundamentals of Parkinson's Disease” CME video. Send us a textSupport the show Check out our website at www.theneurotransmitters.com to sign up for emails, classes, and quizzes! Would you like to be a guest or suggest a topic? Email us at contact@theneurotransmitters.com Follow our podcast channel on

Join “Conversations on Health Care” hosts Mark Masselli and Margaret Flinter to learn why Dr. Dorsey believes cleaning up our environment may be one of the most powerful public health tools we have right now. The post Is Parkinson's Preventable? Our Guest Says Yes appeared first on Healthy Communities Online.

In this episode of the Jack Westin MCAT Podcast, Mike and Molly continue their MCAT brain anatomy series by tackling one of the most underrated topics on the exam: how the brain actually makes you move.If you've ever thought “why are there so many brain parts just for movement?” this episode is your roadmap.You'll learn:

What if inflammation—not genetics, not aging, not bad luck—was the common thread behind most chronic disease?In this expansive and thought-provoking conversation, physicist, inventor, and engineer Samuel Shepherd shares his extraordinary personal journey after being diagnosed with a rare, terminal bone marrow cancer in 2003. Given no viable medical options, Sam turned to decades of scientific expertise to investigate inflammation, free radicals, and cellular breakdown—ultimately leading him to study astaxanthin, one of the most powerful antioxidants found in nature.We explore the science of oxidative stress, PD-L1 immune signaling, cellular transport, and why conventional antioxidant delivery often fails. Sam explains how he developed a patented glycosidic form of astaxanthin designed to improve absorption and target inflammation more effectively—and how this work reshaped not only his health, but his entire understanding of disease, aging, and resilience.This episode also dives into:Why inflammation may be the root driver of many chronic and neurodegenerative conditionsThe role of free radicals in cancer, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and metabolic diseaseHow modern diets—especially fructose exposure—impact inflammation over timeWhat HS-CRP can reveal about long-term health riskWhy curiosity, self-trust, and asking better questions matter more than blind complianceThis is not medical advice. It is an invitation into inquiry, responsibility, and deeper self-education—especially for those who sense that healing requires more than symptom management.If you're someone who values science, autonomy, and understanding your body rather than outsourcing it, this conversation will expand how you think about health, inflammation, and what's truly possible.Connect with Samuel: Website: https://valasta.net/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@ValAsta Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ValastaHome Connect with Kelly:⁠⁠⁠drkellykessler.com⁠⁠⁠Free Guide: Sacred Boundaries: ⁠⁠⁠http://drkellykessler.com/sacredboundaries⁠⁠Self-Respect Reset is a guided, body-based experience for women who struggle to set boundaries—not because they don't know what they need, but because it hasn't felt safe to honor it.Inside, you'll learn how to rebuild inner safety, strengthen self-trust, and create boundaries that actually protect your peace—without guilt, over-explaining, or self-abandonment.

Cuando los síntomas del Parkinson están bajo control durante el día, esto se conoce como estar en "on". Cuando los efectos del(los) medicamento(s) empiezan a desaparecer y los síntomas reaparecen o empeoran, se consideran periodos en "off". Estas fluctuaciones de los síntomas pueden variar de una persona a otra; algunas personas pueden notar más síntomas motores durante los períodos en "off", mientras que otras pueden verse más afectadas por síntomas no motores.     Los periodos en "off" pueden complicar las tareas diarias, sobre todo si suceden con mayor frecuencia a lo largo del día. En este episodio, hablamos con el Dr. Enrique Urrea Mendoza, neurólogo y especialista en trastornos del movimiento en Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare, para entender mejor por qué se producen los periodos en "off". Habla de los desencadenantes habituales que pueden contribuir a los periodos en "off" y comparte estrategias para manejar mejor estas fluctuaciones.   ¡Siga y califíquenos en su plataforma favorita de podcasts para recibir notificaciones cuando salga un nuevo episodio! Cuéntenos que otros temas le gustaría que cubriéramos visitando parkinson.org/podcastencuesta. 

No matter your age, whether you have Parkinson's or not, there are steps you can take today to boost your brain health. In this extended version of a popular Ask the MD video, movement disorder specialist, life medicine physician and MJFF Principal Medical Advisor Rachel Dolhun, MD, DipABLM, sits down with Ayesha Sherzai, MD, and Dean Sherzai, MD, PhD, known as The Brain Docs. Together they answer community questions and share tips for using lifestyle medicine to help your brain.Mentioned in this episode:The Foundation's landmark research study is exploring the connection between sense of smell and brain disease. People with and without Parkinson's can help by taking a free scratch-and-sniff test. Get yours at mysmelltest.org/request.

Former Professional Football Player & Miami Hurricanes alumni Bernie Kosar calls into the program to talk about his health battles, including early-stage dementia, Parkinson's, and over a hundred concussions. Kosar shares his journey through regenerative medicine, including a recent liver transplant, which has dramatically improved his cognitive and physical health. He also reflects on his NFL career and friends lost to similar struggles. Switching to the present, Kosar comments on the Miami Hurricanes' improved chances in the national championship, crediting strong offensive and defensive lines for their success. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ever feel busy all day long but still never have time for the things you actually want to do? In this episode, Anna uncovers why so many of us feel stuck maintaining our lives instead of improving them. She explains how everyday tasks like laundry, email, and tidying quietly expand to fill all available time, a pattern she calls "maintenance mode." You will learn how Parkinson's Law applies to real life, why busy feels productive even when it is not, and the four simple shifts that help you reclaim space for rest, growth, and joy without letting your life fall apart. Apply for a free time management coaching session: freetimecall.com. Full shownotes: abouttimepodcast.com/308.

In episode 228, Dr. Sina McCullough and Joel Salatin explore why conditions like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ADHD, cognitive decline, and other neurological disorders are rising simultaneously.Access the Entire Episode on Beyond Labels Premium HERE: https://beyondlabels.supportingcast.fm/Follow on InstagramFollow on XSubscribe on RumbleSubscribe on YouTubeFind Joel Here: www.polyfacefarms.comFind Sina Here: www.drsinamccullough.comDISCLAIMER

In this powerful episode of Light Body Radio, we explore what's possible when persistence meets emerging neuroscience. Diagnosed with stage three Parkinson's and facing early cognitive decline, today's guest refused to accept a predetermined outcome—and instead began a deep investigation into neuroprotection, brain cell health, and the body's innate capacity for recovery. This conversation unpacks the science behind neurological resilience, including glial cell support, glymphatic system function, and cutting-edge research that challenges the belief that neurodegeneration is always progressive. It's an inspiring and informative discussion for anyone navigating neurological conditions, brain health concerns, or seeking hope beyond conventional prognoses. © Light Body Radio-Podcast, 2026. All rights reserved. This podcast features background music by ScottHolmes Music. We have obtained the necessary licenses for the use of this music. Our license was renewed on May 7, 2024, and we have been using ScottHolmes Music since 2017. Unauthorized use or distribution of this podcast, including but not limited to the background music, is strictly prohibited and may result in legal action. For more information or to request permissions, please contact scott@scottholmesmusic.com.

Dr. Sara Schaefer is joined by Dr. Valentina Leta and Dr. Ray Chaudhuri to discuss their randomized controlled trial on the effects of probiotic use on inflammation, motor, and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Journal CME is available until December 18, 2026 Read the article.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6ymQgVLC5cAutism & Parkinson's https://youtu.be/1E53ZYehUCU?si=69pKeFSKi07GGsATHypothyroid Biomarker https://youtu.be/X6CxX9kA6b0?si=Bkr8ZKooNdie-N6IDr. Kristen Lyall, ScD https://youtu.be/cjBR8m82KZQ?si=C-Tclr25oBbid7qGNicole Rincon & links to her other episodes in notes https://youtu.be/jRd7rE38W90?si=i8CvVutA4a1K9NzeDaylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $50 off at https://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autismChroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://getchroma.co/?ref=autismFig Tree Christian Golf Apparel & Accessories, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://figtreegolf.com/?ref=autismCognity AI for Autistic Social Skills, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://thecognity.com00:00 Serotonin Recap: thalamocortical connections (esp. S1 somatosensory)02:41 Aromatic Amino Acids & UV-sensitive aromatic benzene rings04:56 Personal Sunlight Reversal Host reversed Hashimoto's (2005–2024) via increased sunlight07:58 Cell-Level Roles Serotonin drives neurogenesis, migration, dendrites/spines; T3 matures organelles, myelination & cellular energy11:00 Maternal Thyroid Dependency Fetus relies on maternal T3/T4 until ~weeks 16–20; hypothyroidism as easy, modifiable biomarker for autism/Parkinson's13:07 Substantia Nigra & Basal Ganglia Neuromelanin/dopamine loss in substantia nigra links autism & Parkinson's; disrupts basal ganglia go/no-go orchestration15:44 Mitochondria & Melanin Energy Cytochrome c oxidase produces H2O in ETC; melanin + water coupling provides power 18:00 Hypothyroidism Biomarker Call Undisputed, simple-to-check risk factor; urgent prenatal thyroid screening & sunlight exposure needed20:36 Modern Environment Impact Blue light/low sunlight blocks synthesis; upstream fixes (reflexes, thyroid checks, sunlight) offer prevention/recovery potential22:15 Serotonin & T3 Synergy Serotonin architects connections; T3 engineers cell/organelle maturity & myelination; combined deficits cascade into autism/Parkinson's24:00 Substantia Nigra Detail Loss of neuromelanin/dopamine in substantia nigra (mesencephalon) impairs basal ganglia; ties to movement disorders in both conditions25:44 Mitochondria Water Production Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) generates H2O; melanin & water 27:58 Final Synthesis & Implications Serotonin + T3 critical for cell development/myelination; maternal hypothyroidism disrupts both autism/Parkinson's riskX: https://x.com/rps47586YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuAemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-15-2026: An emailer from Switzerland asks about fluorescein angiography requested before her first retina appointment. Dr. Dawn suspects protocol-based medicine screening for macular degeneration and suggests negotiating to see the doctor first given her different reason for seeing a retinal specialist. She encourages patients to maintain agency in medical settings. An emailer asks about creatine supplements. Dr. Dawn notes it helps muscle development in people doing weight training at 3-5 grams daily, but does nothing for aerobic-only exercisers. Claims about cognition and mood lack solid research. She advises against high-dose "loading," and cautions that creatine causes fluid retention problematic for congestive heart failure and should be avoided with stage 3 or higher kidney disease. Dr. Dawn reminds listeners it's not too late for flu shots, noting this season's H3N2 strain emerged after vaccine formulation was finalized. She laments mRNA vaccine research defunding, as that technology allows rapid reformulation. She describes organoids—tissues grown from stem cells that self-organize into primitive organ structures, enabling rapid drug screening without animal testing. Stanford researchers created assembloids by placing four neurological organoids together that spontaneously connected and built the ascending sensory pain pathway, offering new approaches to studying chronic pain. Dr. Dawn explains research showing satellite glial cells transfer healthy mitochondria to spinal sensory neurons through tunneling nanotubules. When this transfer fails, neurons fire erratically causing pain. Infusing healthy mitochondria into mouse spinal columns cured peripheral neuropathy—suggesting future periodic infusion treatments for humans. She reports Texas A&M researchers created "nanoflowers" from molybdenum disulfate that double stem cell's mitochondrial production, potentially supercharging regenerative medicine for conditions including Alzheimer's and muscular dystrophy. A caller asks about flu vaccines with egg allergy. Dr. Dawn explains that his gastrointestinal reactions to eggs differ from dangerous IgE allergies causing hives or anaphylaxis—GI intolerance doesn't preclude vaccination. Dr. Dawn reveals that 20 years of Parkinson's research followed a false lead. MRI showed increased iron in patients' brains, prompting iron chelation trials—which worsened symptoms. The problem: MRI detects paramagnetic ferric iron (stored, inert) not ferrous iron (biologically active). Patients accumulate useless ferric iron but are deficient in usable ferrous iron. Earlier 1980s studies showing that iron supplementation helped were ignored and abandoned prematurely. She suggests Parkinson's patients discuss iron supplementation with neurologists. She will post the link in the resources page on her website. A caller concerned about early Parkinson's describes tremors and balance problems in darkness. Dr. Dawn suggests darkness-related symptoms sound more like peripheral neuropathy than Parkinson's, recommending neurological examination and screening for diabetes, B vitamin deficiency, or heavy metal exposure. She confirms that sedentary lifestyle reduces mitochondrial production while progressive exercise builds both muscle and mitochondria.

After our festive break, the Movers & Shakers are back in the Notting Hill pub with glad tidings for the new year. Gillian and the Judge have been sunning themselves (in Antigua and Australia, respectively), Rory has been hitting the Vegas strip, Mark has been battling with Turkish Airlines, and Paul has finally completed shooting of his new film. But Paul isn't the only Mayhew-Archer bringing life with Parkinson's to the screen. His son, Simon Mayhew-Archer, is the creator of Can You Keep a Secret? a new sitcom (loosely) based on his old man. Simon joins the gang, along with actor Mark Heap, who plays almost-Paul on the small screen, to discuss the family dynamics behind one of the BBC's best new comedies. Movers & Shakers is brought to you by Cure Parkinson's.Presented by Rory Cellan-Jones, Gillian Lacey-Solymar, Mark Mardell, Paul Mayhew-Archer, Sir Nicholas Mostyn and Jeremy Paxman.Produced and edited by Nick Hilton for Podot.Sound mixing by Ewan Cameron.Music by Alex Stobbs. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Each year, around 90,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with Parkinson's, a neurodegenerative disease that can cause tremors and affect cognition. Scientists are working to identify some of the earliest signs of the disease, and to figure out how we might test for—and treat—Parkinson's in the future.Neurologists Emily Tamadonfar and Michael Okun join Host Flora Lichtman to discuss what we know about why Parkinson's starts and how it may be associated with genetic mutations, pollution, and other factors.Guests:Dr. Emily Tamadonfar is a clinical associate professor of neurology in the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.Dr. Michael Okun is a professor and executive director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at University of Florida Health in Gainesville, Florida.Transcripts for each episode are available within 1-3 days at sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

Send us a textDr. Brandon Crawford is joined by Samuel Shepherd, a former Department of Defense biochemical engineer who used his expertise in weapons development to reverse-engineer a cure for his own "incurable" bone cancer. They deep-dive into the science of oxidative stress, the hierarchy of antioxidants, and the specific molecule that allows animals like naked mole rats and sharks to resist cancer and aging.Samuel recounts his 2003 diagnosis of polycythemia vera, where his blood pressure reached levels that "pegged" medical monitors at 300 mmHg. After years of grueling phlebotomies, Sam used a screening algorithm to find a commonality among cancer-resistant species. That common thread was Astaxanthin. However, he didn't just find a supplement; he discovered a way to modify the molecule into a glucosidic form that bypasses the body's digestive barriers to target disease at the atomic level.Key TakeawaysThe Root of All Evil: 92% of inflammatory disease deaths are driven by the hydroxyl free radical. By neutralizing this specific ROS, you address the cause of disease (the trunk) rather than just the symptoms.Molecular Saponification: By using a glucosidic "Trojan Horse" delivery, astaxanthin enters cancer cells and converts acidic free radicals into alkaline ions, dissolving the cancer cell membrane in seconds.The Antioxidant Cliff: Natural cellular protection (Glutathione, SOD) fails significantly after age 42 W or 50 M, making external supplementation essential for longevity.Beyond Brain Barriers: Unlike many antioxidants, this specialized form of astaxanthin crosses the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to neutralize neurotoxins linked to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.ResourcesUse code CRAWFORD at checkout on Valasta.net for a discount on your order.Valasta.net (testimonials, NIH research papers, dosing information)NIH Research Database (search: "NIH + astaxanthin + [disease]")ProQuest Government Research DatabaseLife Extension (publishes astaxanthin research papers)Dr. Fred Bisci (mentioned as colleague)HSCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) testing for inflammation markersHematococcus Pluvialis (algae source of astaxanthin)Products 528 Innovations Lasers NeuroSolution Full Spectrum CBD NeuroSolution Broad Spectrum CBD NeuroSolution Stimpod STEMREGEN® Learn MoreFor more information, resources, and podcast episodes, visit https://tinyurl.com/3ppwdfpm

In this episode of Wellness at the Speed of Light, Dr. Stefano Sinicropi is joined by board-certified neurologist Dr. Theodore Henderson for an educational discussion on brain health, cellular energy, and emerging approaches in neurology. The conversation centers on how light-based therapies, often referred to as photobiomodulation, are being studied for their potential role in supporting brain function. Dr. Henderson explains how mitochondria, the structures responsible for cellular energy production, are closely linked to cognitive performance, memory, and overall neurological health. When mitochondrial function is compromised, it may contribute to cognitive decline and neurological stress over time. Dr. Sinicropi and Dr. Henderson explore how this science is being examined in the context of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury, with a focus on understanding mechanisms rather than promoting treatments. The episode discusses why traditional models of care have often overlooked cellular energy and light-based research, and how ongoing scientific inquiry is expanding the way clinicians think about brain resilience and recovery. This episode is designed for healthcare professionals, patients, caregivers, and listeners interested in neuroscience, brain wellness, and the future of integrative neurological care. It offers a clear, accessible explanation of complex concepts and invites thoughtful consideration of where neurological research is heading. Rather than making promises, this conversation encourages curiosity, informed dialogue, and a deeper understanding of how advancing science may shape the future of brain health.

Join Dr. Jay and Brad as they interview their guest, Dr. Josiah Fitzsimmons.Dr. Josiah Fitzsimmons is originally from Ames, IA. He played college football at South Dakota State and graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in Exercise Science and a master's degree in Nutrition, Exercise and Food Sciences in a five year span. He then attended the fountainhead, Palmer College of Chiropractic.After completing his residency out in Denver, he came back to West Des Moines to open Vero Health Center, a state of the art, neurologically based health center. Dr. Josiah has extensive training and experience in pregnancy, pediatrics, athletics, and overall wellness promotion. He has seen results with chiropractic for infertility, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, migraines, sinusitis, arthritis, acute pain, and much more. He has also had the opportunity to watch many children benefit from chiropractic care with health issues like autism, ADHD, colic, bed wetting, and ear infections. Dr. Josiah is a member of the International Chiropractic Association, the West Des Moines Chamber of Commerce, the Urbandale Chamber of Commerce, the West Side Chamber of Commerce, the Greater Des Moines Partnership, the Young Professionals Connection and genYP.He also founded one of the fastest-growing chiropractic clinics in the history of the profession. Just four months out of school, he had already secured over 400 prepaid appointments before they even opened, and in the first year, they generated more than $1.2 million in revenue.By year four, their revenue had skyrocketed to over $5.5 million, all within just 1800 square feet. Through this journey, he discovered that building a thriving business comes down to two key principles: understanding the numbers and taking decisive action.Dr. Josiah's passion is to educate and support the families of West Des Moines and the greater Des Moines area through neurologically based chiropractic care so that babies, children, and adults may live a life of greater health. In his spare time, Dr. Josiah loves to spend time with his wife and son, read books and workout.To connect with Josiah, visit his website at https://www.verohealthcenter.com/ or at https://morelucro.com/about-us/.

It's time for our first Favored or Forsaken of 2026! Join Erin, Evan, and Jamie as we discuss Philip Yancey, plagiarizing sermons, and deer jerky ministry! You'll hear about relevant insights from Casting Crowns songs, we discuss whether or not a sermon is even important to the Sunday gathering, and we present super specific ministries we would like to bring into the world. MENTIONS​Philip Yancey: Here's the Christianity Today article | Parkinson's Article Research Corner: Why More Marriages End When Wives Become IllIs sermon plagiarization ok? Here's the article | Stealing Sundays on YouTubeDeer Jerky Ministry: Here's the article | Boone Brothers Book Recommendation: The Serviceberry by Robin Wall KimmererThe Faith Adjacent Seminary: Support us on Patreon. I've Got Questions by Erin Moon: Order Here | Guided Journal Subscribe to our Newsletter: The Dish from Faith AdjacentFaith Adjacent Merch: Shop HereShop our Amazon Link: amazon.com/shop/faithadjacentFollow Faith Adjacent on Socials: Instagram See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In episode 228, Dr. Sina McCullough and Joel Salatin explore why conditions like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ADHD, cognitive decline, and other neurological disorders are rising simultaneously.Access the Entire Episode on Beyond Labels Premium HERE: https://beyondlabels.supportingcast.fm/Follow on InstagramFollow on XSubscribe on RumbleSubscribe on YouTubeFind Joel Here: www.polyfacefarms.comFind Sina Here: www.drsinamccullough.comDISCLAIMER

Meet Your All·in·One Creator Store (Stan)https://join.stan.store/the505podcastThe 10 Minute Personal Brand Kickstart (FREE): https://the505podcast.courses/personalbrandkickstartWhat's up Rock Nation! Today we're joined by Michael Lim, the architect behind some of the most elite content systems on the internet.Michael led Alex Hormozi's media team during the $100M launch and helped build the foundation for MrBeast's Philanthropy channel. In this episode, we break down how world-class content teams actually operate, why followers aren't a vanity metric (but not for the reason you think), and why most creators are playing the wrong game entirely.We also get into building something worth talking about, optimizing for the right metrics, and what it really takes to win in today's creator economy.Check out Michael here:https://www.instagram.com/mikawl/https://www.youtube.com/@mikawlSUSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER: https://the505podcast.ac-page.com/rock-reportKostas' Lightroom Presetshttps://www.kostasgarcia.com/store-1/p/kglightroompresetsgreeceCOP THE BFIGGY "ESSENTIALS" SFX PACK HERE: https://courses.the505podcast.com/BFIGGYSFXPACKTimestamps: 0:00 – Intro1:01 – What a $100M Launch Actually Looks Like Behind the Scenes4:49 – Treating a Content Launch Like a NASA Mission5:55 – Why Redundancy Wins (And Failure Isn't an Option)8:09 – Compressing Months of Work Into Days10:16 – How Ad Spend Really Ramps Before a Massive Launch12:15 – Why Most Sales Happen in the Final 48 Hours13:24 – Win $100k with Stan14:32 – Parkinson's Law: Why Deadlines Create Speed16:31 – How Alex Hormozi Engineers High-Performing Hooks19:35 – The Kaleidoscope Method for Infinite Ad Variations24:15 – Why Most People Shouldn't Be Making Content27:50 – Build Something Worth Talking About First31:06 – Finding Product–Market–Message Fit33:06 – Lessons From Working With MrBeast34:12 – How Elite Content Teams Think Like NBA Franchises40:04 – Is the Founder the Coach or the Star Player?41:48 – The Non-Negotiable Roles on a Billion-Dollar Media Team42:56 – Why Team Happiness Is a Competitive Advantage45:39 – Silent Retreats, Burnout, and Creative Longevity48:39 – Detaching From Outcomes as a Creator50:11 – You Are Not Your Thoughts51:47 – Stoicism, Spirituality, and Long-Term Thinking53:40 – Why Desire Is the Root of Stress55:14 – Playing the Long Game in Media and Business58:33 – How to Stay Consistent Without Losing Yourself1:01:17 – The Mental Skill Every Creator Needs1:05:00 – Creating Without Needing Validation1:07:16 – Why Most Creators Quit Too Early1:08:16 – Building Media That Doesn't Break You1:14:48 – What Winning Actually Means at the Highest Level1:16:04 – The Cost of Chasing the Algorithm1:19:53 – Designing a Career You Can Sustain1:23:22 – The Real Goal Behind Building an Audience1:27:04 – Final Lessons From a $100M Media Machine1:27:54 – What Michael Would Do If He Started Today1:33:50 – Advice for Creators Playing the Wrong Game1:36:17 – How to Know If You're Building the Right Thing1:38:15 – Redefining Success Beyond Numbers1:42:02 – Post Pod DebriefIf you liked this episode please send it to a friend and take a screenshot for your story! And as always, we'd love to hear from you guys on what you'd like to hear us talk about or potential guests we should have on. DM US ON IG: (Our DM's are always open!) Bfiggy: https://www.instagram.com/bfiggy/ Kostas: https://www.instagram.com/kostasg95/ TikTok:Bfiggy: https://www.tiktok.com/bfiggy/ Kostas: https://www.tiktok.com/kostasgarcia/

A year sounds ambitious… but it's also the adult version of saying, "I'll start on Monday." And Monday never comes. Welcome back, Pivoter. Last week, April introduced your 4 Rocks — the four non-negotiable outcomes that actually matter this year. In this episode, she takes it one step further by challenging a deeply ingrained habit that quietly kills momentum: thinking in twelve-month timelines. Drawing inspiration from The 12 Week Year by Brian Moran, April reframes how high performers should approach execution — not by lowering goals, but by shortening the runway. This episode is about shifting from vague ambition to focused action by treating the next twelve weeks like they actually matter. Key Takeaways Life runs in seasons, not years Real change happens in defined windows — launches, training cycles, transitions, and sprints. Twelve weeks mirrors how life actually works. A year creates comfort; a quarter creates urgency Long timelines invite procrastination. Short timelines sharpen focus and accelerate action. Time constraints improve performance Just like Parkinson's Law, work expands to fill the time you give it. Compress the timeline and execution improves dramatically. Quarterly focus reduces overwhelm Instead of reacting to everything, twelve-week thinking helps you decide what matters now — and what can wait. This is a gift for goal-avoiders A twelve-week season feels safer than a year. It's practice, not identity. Low pressure, high clarity. Execution beats dreaming This mindset isn't about thinking bigger — it's about showing up consistently as the person you're becoming. How This Connects to Your 4 Rocks You already chose the mountains. Now you decide which part of the climb matters this season. Not all four. Not the whole plan. Just this twelve-week window. You're not lowering the goal — you're shortening the runway. And when you do that, motivation becomes optional. Momentum takes over. Reflection Question What would change if I treated the next twelve weeks like they actually mattered? Sit with that. Because clarity compounds quickly when time is constrained.   Want help turning your 4 Rocks into a focused 12-week execution plan?

When are meetings the best way to coordinate and make decisions and when do they make things worse?? How do you use the two-pizza rule to hold effective meetings and what happens when you start including too many people in a process?Rebecca Hinds is the head of the Work AI Institute at Glean and the author of Your Best Meeting Ever: 7 Principles for Designing Meetings That Get Things Done, a book outlining the way to address one of the ways productivity is lost in organizations.Greg and Rebecca discuss the importance of intentionality in information flow within organizations, the common pitfalls of meeting culture, and practical strategies to improve meeting efficiency. Rebecca emphasizes the use of data and AI to measure meeting effectiveness and reduce 'meeting bloat', while sharing insights from her experiences at Asana and her studies on organizational collaboration. They also explore the evolving collaboration between HR and IT departments in the era of AI and the necessity for both tech and HR professionals to exchange and enhance their skills.*unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*Episode Quotes:How ‘visibIlity bias' fuels endless meetings[07:28] We know that humans have a bias to associate presence with productivity. And so what I find to be often the case is people start to associate more meetings with more importance and status within the organization, and so when you're stuck and not sure how to make progress or you're worried about productivity, a meeting becomes a knee-jerk solution to solve that. You might not accomplish anything meaningful in the meeting, but at least you've sat together and shown that some progress or perceived progress was made. And so I think at the core of this, is this pervasive productivity theater that goes on in organizations, this visibility bias where we associate meetings with importance within the organization. There are a host of other problems, but at the core, I think that's the fundamental problem that we're dealing with.The pressure ingrained in our calendars and meeting cultures[09:37]  As soon as someone extends a meeting invite. They're establishing this social contract where you feel like you have to reciprocate. Even when we think about terminology around, it's a meeting invite. You either accept or you reject. You start to feel like you're not just rejecting the meeting, but rejecting the person. And it's taken very personally. AI tools can help reveal participation imbalances in meetings[22:59] If you're seeing that leaders are consuming 70%, 80% of the airtime, that's an opportunity to course correct and improve your meeting effectiveness. And often when it comes from an AI tool or an objective analytic tool, it's much more effectively received than a less powerful person trying to voice that takeaway in the meeting and try to veer influence that way.Are we socially conditioned to hate meetings?[28:48] Humans have what I call a meeting suck reflex, right? For a multitude of different reasons.When we hear the word "meeting," we have this negative, visceral reaction. So much so that you know when you're asked to evaluate your meetings in public versus private, you tend to rate your meetings much more negatively when you're around people in public as compared to privately, because we think that we should hate meetings. We've been socially conditioned to feel such, and there's few things that bond coworkers more quickly than bonding over a bad meeting that could have been a five-line email, right? And so to avoid that, assessing whether a meeting was worth your time helps to level set. Everyone has an intuitive sense of whether a meeting was worth their time. Is there something more productive they could have done with that time or not? And so that tends to be a good gauge for you as an organizer.Show Links:Recommended Resources:Asana, Inc.Parkinson's lawSteven RogelbergLaw of TrivialityAmazon's Two-Pizza TeamsROTIRobert I. SuttonGuest Profile:RebeccaHinds.comThe Work AI Institute at GleanLinkedIn ProfileSocial Profile on X for GleanGuest Work:Your Best Meeting Ever: 7 Principles for Designing Meetings That Get Things Done Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Meet my dear friend Vishok, Verma from Bangalore, India. We've been colleagues for several years and he has even been a substitute coach for my Improv for Parkinson's Classes. He is continually bringing improv to his community and the world! He has recently started his "Yes, Let's Improvise for 15 minutes" which I played with him last year - so much fun! Yes-Let's Improvise for 15 Minutes!! - https://www.facebook.com/share/17kZQtCcud/ Also, Vishok is a Social Entrepreneur, International Improv Coach, and Artist. He is also an Applied Improv Practitioner, along with Effective Communication Skills Training. With around 9 years of experience in Improv performance and teaching, along with Applied Improv (in-person and online), he has trained a variety of audiences from 39 countries, and their age ranges from 5 Years to 85 Years. He recently facilitated a workshop and a panel discussion at the Vietnam Improv Festival, 2025. He has studied with numerous international online groups, including the Vintage Improv Community and Queens City Comedy (USA), Improv College (Canada), and Doc Cooper Community (Germany), among others. In Bangalore, he is building Improv Springs and sometimes jams with the No Pressure Improv Community. Jay Sukow is his mentor. Social Media - Insta - Vishok Verma (@vishok_verma) • Instagram photos and videos LinkedIn - Vishok Verma | LinkedIn Linktree - vishokverma | Instagram, Facebook | LinktreeVishok

Margo is joined by Daisy Fancourt—Professor of Psychobiology & Epidemiology at UCL and a globally recognized leader in understanding how creativity and social connection influence our health. From her early days designing arts programs inside hospitals to directing major WHO initiatives and publishing over 250 papers, Daisy has spent her career documenting the profound, measurable impact of creative engagement on stress, aging, recovery, cognition, and community wellbeing. In a world that often treats the arts as extra or a luxury, Daisy reframes them as essential—showing how even the simplest creative rituals can foster joy, resilience, health and a deeper sense of belonging in our everyday lives. Margo and Daisy discuss: How Daisy's early work in hospitals revealed the power of creativity as a health tool What research shows about the arts reducing stress and supporting cognitive resilience Why we're conditioned to see creativity as a luxury—and how to reframe it as necessity The role of music, movement, and environment in emotional and physical healing Innovative approaches like dance for Parkinson's and creative play for children with disabilities How small, accessible creative habits can improve daily wellbeing Why talent doesn't matter—process is what delivers the benefits Mentioned in this episode: https://sbbresearch.org/ Connect with Daisy: https://profiles.ucl.ac.uk/44526-daisy-fancourt Art Cure: The Science of How the Arts Transform Our Health Connect with Margo: Website: www.windowsillchats.com Instagram: @windowsillchats www.patreon.com/inthewindowsill https://www.yourtantaustudio.com/thefoundry

Hello mes chers amis, ici Pauline.Je suis ravie de vous retrouver pour une nouvelle leçon du mercredi, ces formats dans lesquels j'essaie d'aider concrètement l'un ou l'une d'entre vous à faire avancer son projet grâce à quelques clés très terrain.Aujourd'hui je reçois Iris, qui a créé avec sa mère une très belle plateforme sur Instagram pour sensibiliser à la maladie de Parkinson et accompagner les personnes concernées ainsi que leurs proches.Au fil du temps, Iris a réussi à fédérer une communauté engagée, bienveillante… mais elle se heurte aujourd'hui à une difficulté que beaucoup rencontrent :

 Mary Ellen began using cannabis at age 18 to manage PTSD symptoms from her brother's death by methadone addiction when she was eight, finding that cannabis smoothed out her restlessness, depression, and agitation.Stopping cannabis use in her late twenties led to everything going haywire in Mary Ellen's life, including doctor shopping for opiates, fibromyalgia diagnosis, postpartum depression, and five trips to rehab.After 11 months in a 12-step program following her fifth rehab, Mary Ellen read a book suggesting addiction was a choice and decided to reintroduce cannabis, which helped her life begin to simmer down and function properly again.During the years without cannabis, Mary Ellen's endocannabinoid system went into deficiency, and she believes seeking opiates was a sideways attempt to get rebalanced, though it only made everything worse.Cannabis creates homeostasis and balance by working through the endocannabinoid system's unique retrograde motion, where chemicals flow in the opposite direction from traditional neurotransmitters, acting as a regulator to slow excessive chemical signaling.Discovery of the endocannabinoid system's retrograde motion turned 100 years of neuroscience upside down, as it showed chemicals flowing from postsynaptic to presynaptic nerves rather than the traditional one-way direction taught in neuroscience.Mary Ellen was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare salivary gland cancer with no correlation to cannabis use, and received treatment from Dr. Gregory Weinstein in Philadelphia, who developed the surgical robot used for the procedure.Medical professionals at the treatment facility encouraged Mary Ellen to use cannabis during her cancer treatment, which she found unusual but supportive given her 40-year history with the plant.Five surgeries included endometriosis treatment, ruptured neck disc repair, breast reduction, hip replacement, and cancer removal, with the neck scan fortunately revealing the otherwise undetectable cancer.During cancer treatment, Mary Ellen took up to 60 milligrams of oxycodone per day but successfully tapered off following doctor's advice, using meditation principles and understanding that addiction thoughts are just thoughts that don't have to be believed.Cannabis continues to help Mary Ellen manage post-surgery symptoms including pain when swallowing, metallic taste from reduced taste buds, and lack of appetite, with small amounts motivating her to eat and care for herself.Remarkably, Mary Ellen's cancer surgery required significantly less intervention than planned, with surgeons avoiding skin grafts from her arm and leg that were originally scheduled, which she attributes partly to consuming CBG oils and RSO prior to surgery.People suffering from depression, anxiety, PTSD, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's likely have improperly functioning endocannabinoid systems that could benefit from cannabis intervention.Mary Ellen encourages people not to give up on cannabis if previous attempts didn't work, emphasizing that today's options are vastly different from 20 years ago, and even small amounts of CBD can provide significant behind-the-scenes health benefits over the long term. Visit our website: CannabisHealthRadio.comFind high-quality cannabis and CBD + get free consultations at MyFitLife.net/cannabishealthDiscover products and get expert advice from Swan ApothecaryFollow us on Facebook.Follow us on Instagram.Find us on Rumble.Keep your privacy! Buy NixT420 Odor Remover Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders have significant palliative care needs that are poorly met under traditional models of care. Clinical trials demonstrate that specialist palliative care can improve many patient and family outcomes. In this episode, Aaron Berkowitz, MD, PhD, FAAN, speaks with Benzi M. Kluger, MD, MS, FAAN, author of the article "Neuropalliative Care in Movement Disorders" in the Continuum® December 2025 Neuropalliative Care issue. Dr. Berkowitz is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a professor of neurology at the University of California San Francisco in the Department of Neurology in San Francisco, California. Dr. Kluger is the Julius, Helen, and Robert Fine Distinguished Professor of Neurology in the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Palliative Care) at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. Additional Resources Read the article: Neuropalliative Care in Movement Disorders Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @AaronLBerkowitz Guest: @BenziKluger Full episode transcript available here Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Berkowitz: This is Dr Aaron Berkowitz, and today I'm interviewing Dr Benzi Kluger about his article on neuropalliative care in Parkinson disease and related movement disorders, which is found in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Welcome to the podcast, Dr Kluger, and could you please introduce yourself to our audience? Dr Kluger: I'm Benzi Kluger. I'm a professor of neurology and palliative medicine at the University of Rochester. I'm the chief of our neuropalliative care service, I'm the director of our Palliative Care Research Center, and I'm also the founding president of the International Neuropalliative Care Society. Dr Berkowitz: Wow, that is a large number of hats that you wear in a very important area of palliative care. So, your article is a fantastic article that covers a lot of concepts in palliative care that I myself was not familiar with and really applies them in a very nuanced way to patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders. So, I'm looking forward to learning from you today to discuss some of the concepts you talk about in the article and how you apply them in your daily practice of palliative care in this particular patient population. So, one of the key points in your article is that we're often so focused on treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other degenerative movement disorders that we are often at risk of underdiagnosing and undertreating the nonmotor symptoms, which in some cases, as you mentioned in the article, are more disabling to the patient than the motor symptoms that we tend to focus on. So, from a palliative care perspective, what are some of the nonmotor symptoms that you find tend to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in this patient population? Dr Kluger: The literature suggests---and we've replicated it, actually, Lisa Schulman published a paper twenty-five years ago and the data is almost exactly the same when it comes to things like depression, pain, fatigue, constipation, sleep---that you miss it about 50% of the time. And there's a number of reasons for that. One is that these are subjects that people don't always like to talk about. People don't like talking about depression. People don't like talking about poop and constipation. And I think there are things that neither the patient or the caregiver nor the physician are necessarily comfortable with. And they're also sometimes confusing of, which doctor should I talk to this about? Should I talk to my primary care doctor, should I talk to my neurologist? And so I think the key here is really having a checklist and being proactive about it. In the article, I suggest a template or previsit questionnaire that you can use, but I think it's just about being automatic about it. And it just takes the burden off of the patient and the family to bring them up and letting them know that this is a safe space and this is the right space to talk about these symptoms. Dr Berkowitz: That's very helpful to know. So, having some type of checklist or template just so we go all through them and, as you said, it sort of destigmatizes, just, this is the list of things, and I'm going to just ask about all of them. So we check in on those particular symptoms, whether they're present or not. Are there any particular symptoms that jump out to you as ones that tend to be missed---either because we don't ask about them or patients are less comfortable mentioning them---that in your practice, when you've elicited them, have allowed for particular intervention that's really improved the quality of life for patients in this group? Dr Kluger: Yeah, I'll mention a few that I think come up and are very pertinent. One is mood. And, to use depression---but we could also use anxiety as an example---again, these are topics that people don't always want to talk about. And I think it's important---we may get to this a little bit more later---is being careful to distinguish between depression and grief, sadness, normal worry, frustration. A lot of times the way I'll ask that when I'm talking to a patient is, you know, I hear you're using the word depressed. I want to make sure. does this feel to you like normal sadness given that you have an illness that sucks, or does this really feel like it's above and beyond that and you feel like you'd need a little extra help to get your emotions under control? The second one, which is kind of related, is other behavioral symptoms, including PD psychosis and hallucinations. And there, I think, the thing is that people are quite frankly afraid that they're losing their mind or going insane. So, I think that's another critical one. And then one that, you know, it's kind of a low-hanging fruit but people don't want to talk about, is constipation. And when we did our large randomized control trial of palliative care, our single biggest effect size was actually that we did a better job of treating constipation than usual care. And I think the only trick there is that we asked about it. Dr Berkowitz: I see. So, do you then as part of your routine practice and seeing these patients with Parkinson's disease in particular, you have a particular checklist you go through during the appointment or, as you mentioned, you- one could do it before the appointment. But you tend to go through this in the visit, and is there any palliative care wisdom you have for us, those who are not trained in palliative care, to making sure we really elicit these symptoms in an effective way and how much they're bothering the patient? Dr Kluger: Two things that I've seen work---and we've done a lot of implementation studies. One is that, if it works for your practice, having patients fill out a questionnaire or survey in advance. And I think one of the highest-yield things there too is for blank lines to allow patients to write in what their top three problems are. And I've found when we've used it, and I think other people have found, that it's a huge time saver. People hand them the form, they look to see what's at checked a yes or what's checked as high, and then that becomes the agenda for the visit. The other thing that I think works equally well is just having a template, and at this point its just kind of, like, hard-wired into my neurons that, you know, no matter what we talked about in the HPI, I'll always ask about sleep and mood and bowel and bladder and pain to make sure that I don't miss those things. Dr Berkowitz: You mentioned in your article that palliative care needs in patients with Parkinson's disease really differ over the course of the illness and may be different at the time the initial diagnosis is given versus as the disease progresses versus the latest, most advanced stages of the disease. Can you talk a little bit more about how your approach to these patients changes over time from a palliative care perspective? Dr Kluger: Yes. And I'll also add, I think some of this is going to be more relevant to our listeners than to me. I'm now almost entirely in a neuropalliative care clinic, but for early-stage illness, it's really primary palliative care. And just to reinforce, this is palliative care that's provided by neurologists and primary care doctors, not specialist palliative care. I think that mindset's particularly important around the time of diagnosis. One of the things that, for me, was most eye-opening when we were doing qualitative interviews and studies was how devastating the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was for patients and their families. And that was not something that I really anticipated. I think, like a lot of people and a lot of movement disorder doctors, I kind of thought of Parkinson's disease as a relatively good-news diagnosis. And that was often the way I pitched it, and we talked about Sinemet and DBS and exercise and all these things, but I have a relativity bias. And that bias is, I know that Parkinson's is better than PSP or MSA or brain cancer. But for the individual getting that diagnosis, that's it's not good news because their relativity bias is, I didn't have Parkinson's before and now I do. And for the rest of my life I'm going to have Parkinson's. And for the rest of my life, there may be things that I can do today that I won't be able to do tomorrow or next week. And so that was… yeah. And I think it really changed my practice and was pretty eye-opening for me. In the article, I mentioned the SPIKES (S-P-I-K-E-S) protocol for talking about serious conversations or talking about bad news. But I think one of the keys there for the time of diagnosis is asking people about their perceptions of Parkinson's. And part of that's also asking them what they know and what they're worried about. And you may be surprised that when you ask somebody about Parkinson's, you know, sometimes they may say it was good news. It's been three years, I've been trying to find an answer, and I feel like I've been being blown off. And sometimes you might say, this is the thing I feared the most. My uncle died of Parkinson's in a nursing home. And I also find that more often than not, even in end-of-life, that a lot of times the serious illness conversations I have, the facts that I have to present people, are better than their fears. And that's true at the time of diagnosis. But I think if we don't go into it and we don't ask people what they're feeling and what their perceptions are, then we miss this opportunity to support them. So that's the early stage. And in midstage, I think the, you know, the real keys there are to catch nonmotor symptoms early, to catch things like pain and depression and constipation before they become really bad or even lead to a hospital stay. And also starting to plant the seed and maybe doing some advanced care planning so that we are- people feel more prepared for the end stages of Parkinson's. And I think there, too, people ask about the future; when we tell them everyone's different or you don't have to worry about that now, that doesn't help an individual very much. So, oftentimes in the middle stages of the illness, people do want to know, am I going to go to a nursing home? How much longer is this going to be? You don't need a crystal ball, but if you can give people the best case, the worst case, the most likely case, that can be very helpful for life planning. And then as we're getting to more advanced and endstage, the lens that I'm looking at people with really is, should we begin talking about hospice? And we know again, from data that as a system---not just neurologists, but as a system---we're missing this all the time. And that if you have Parkinson's disease, you're about 50% chance of dying in a hospital, which is not where people want to die. And so, when I see people with more advanced disease, I'm asking questions about weight loss, and are they sleeping more during the day, and is there an acceleration in their decline of function? So, not just asking about where they are, but what's the rate of decline so that I can give people months of hospice as opposed to either them dying in a hospital or just scrambling for hospice in the last few days of their life. Dr Berkowitz: Another important palliative care concept you discussed in this article that was new to me is the concept of total pain, where you talk about aspects of pain beyond the physical and emotional pain we often think of when we hear the word pain. Can you talk a little bit about this concept of total pain, and then in particular how you apply it specifically when caring for patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders? Dr Kluger: Yeah, absolutely. In the article there's a figure, and this is a- one of the foundational concepts of palliative care is this idea of total pain. Which is that the pain of a serious illness, whether that be cancer or Parkinson's, is not simply physical. There's also emotional components. And that also goes beyond the psychiatric. So, that includes grief and worry and frustration, and it also includes loneliness. And I think with Parkinson's disease, actually, one of one of the quotes that really sticks with me from some of our qualitative interviews was a woman who talked about her Parkinson's as a "flamboyant illness" because her tremor and her dyskinesias were always coming out at inopportune times. And it wasn't something I thought about, but there's this cosmetic aspect of having a movement disorder. There's also a cosmetic aspect of drooling or of using a walker. And so, there is a social stigma associated with Parkinson's, and people also lose a lot of social capital. Part of that is that often times neighbors and friends and family don't feel comfortable being around that person anymore. They don't know what to say. And so, sometimes coaching or connecting them with a chaplain or a counselor can be helpful in maintaining those social networks. There's a social pain. There's a spiritual and existential pain. And when I ask people a question, I ask almost everybody, is, what's the toughest part of this for you? A lot of times things fall into that bucket. And it's my loss of independence. I'm no longer able to do the things that bring me joy. I feel guilty that I'm going to be a burden to my family. My relationships are changing. So those are things that are essentially spiritual and existential. And then the last bucket, there are logistical things. And this can be lost driving and how do I get around, the cost of doctor visits, spending time with doctors, co-pays for medications; in the case of Parkinson's disease, the logistics of taking medication every two to three hours. So those all contribute to the total pain or the multiple dimensions of suffering. And that is something that I think about---in fact, in our assessment and plan, one of the things I like to mark out is sources of suffering. And that could be from any of those parts of the pie chart. Dr Berkowitz: And how do you approach this at the bedside? So, there are different concepts here. Obviously, physical pain, everyone is familiar with probably the concept of emotional pain. But as you get out in these concentric circles into sort of spiritual, existential pain, how do you sort of start these discussions with patients to elicit some of these aspects of their suffering? Dr Kluger: You know, the most common question I ask is, what's the toughest part of this for you? And very often that's going to lead into these existential and spiritual issues. I'll also ask people at the start of visits is, just tell me overall, big picture, how's your quality of life? Sometimes the answer is pretty good. Sometimes it sucks. Sometimes it's I have none. I know we're going to talk a little bit about joy later. But I'll also often times follow that up with, what do you enjoy or look forward to? And sometimes I get a response to that, and sometimes I get there's nothing in my life right now. But foundationally, I feel like those are all, you know, definitely spiritual and existential issues. And I'll ask people, too, where do you find meaning? What are your sources of support? I know for different physicians, people have different comfort with this, but I do find it helpful also to ask people, are you spiritual or religious? Because that can sometimes open up a window to other means of coping. An example of that---I mean, not everybody is going to have access to a chaplain. Some people will. But oftentimes one of the things that I do is encourage people to reconnect with their spiritual community. And so, I've had some very heartwarming winds where somebody would say, you know what, I haven't been to church for a while. And people at churches or synagogues or mosques are often looking for opportunities to help. And so that I think is another, I think, really important message. But I think one of the- my favorite parts of my job is kind of opening up these bridges and opening up these connections. And helping people to recognize, I would kind of put it under a larger practice of grace, is that asking for help can be a gift to another person. And if you're strong enough to ask for help, you're giving, you know, sometimes a really tremendous gift to another individual. If somebody has a strong community that they're connected with, doesn't have to be religious. it could be that they were a high school sports coach, it could be that they were involved in a book club, it could be that they were DJ or ran a restaurant or who knows what. Those all can provide opportunities for bringing people together and bringing together community. And again, thinking about the total pain of having a neurologic illness like Parkinson's, that loss of community, that loss of connection, is one of the things that's most painful. Dr Berkowitz: So, when people think about palliative care, they tend to think about pain and suffering and a lot of the topics we've been talking about. But you also talk about joy in your article, and you alluded to it a moment ago, working with your patients to find what brings them joy, opportunities for joy. As I was reading this, I was trying to imagine sitting across from a patient who has maybe just received the diagnosis of Parkinson's or is in a stage of the disease where, as you mentioned, they might be quite depressed, whether that's capital-D depression or sadness related to their loss of independence and other aspect. Sitting across from a patient who is suffering so much and has come maybe to a palliative care doctor such as yourself to alleviate suffering and have pain and other symptoms addressed, how do you begin a conversation about joy in that context and have the patient feel comfortable to open up? And how do you then use that conversation to help them improve their quality of life? Dr Kluger: Yeah, that's a great question. And it's one that actually comes up every time I talk about joy because it can be daunting. And there certainly are situations where I don't bring it up. You know, if we are deep into a session about grief or we're talking about kind of an unexpected bad turn of events, there's times where it would be insensitive to try to push, you know, an agenda of joy or something like that. And yet I would say that particularly residents and students who work with me, you know, may be surprised at how often I do bring it up. And I would say it's probably 95% of the time or more where I am able to talk about joy. And as an example, you know, we might be talking about grief and loss and changes in independence. And then I would say, you know, I want to make sure that we have time to talk about this, and we'll connect you to our chaplain or counselors so that you can talk about and process your grief. And at the same time, I want to make sure that we don't lose sight that there are still opportunities for joy and love and meaning in your life. And I want to make sure that we make space and time to talk about those things too. So, it's creating that balance. That's a transition that, even when you're on a very heavy subject---in fact, I would say maybe even particularly when you're getting into a heavy subject---that you can talk about joy and love and meaning. I gave a talk at the American Academy of Neurology a few years ago where I referred to them as weapons that you can use against some curable illnesses. One example is, my approach to chronic pain often centers around joy. So, I'll have somebody who comes in with back pain. My goal with that person is not for them to take Percocet four times a day to eliminate their back pain. When I talk to that person, I may find out that their grandson's soccer games and boxing class are the two most important things in their life. So maybe we take Percocet three or four times a week a half-hour before those activities so that you can get that joy back in your life. And so, we kind of use joy as a way and as a goal to reclaim those parts of your life that are most important to you. So, that's a pretty concrete example. Even for people nearing end of life, it could be giving people permission to eat more of their favorite food, often times ice creams, milkshakes---which is great, because we want people to gain weight at that point. Getting out into nature, even if they can't hike or do things the way they used to, that they might be able to go out with their family. Having simple touch, spending time together, really trying to prioritize what's most important. In the article, we talk about the total joy of life or the total enjoyment of living. But I like to be systematic about thinking about opportunities for living and make sure that we're just as systematic about thinking about what are the opportunities for joy as we are about thinking about the sources of suffering. Dr Berkowitz: I'm sure I only sort of scratched the surface of palliative care in general, let alone specifically related to Parkinson's disease and other related disorders. For our listeners who may be interested in learning more about neuropalliative care specifically or getting a little more training in this, any recommendations? Dr Kluger: Yeah, absolutely. Thanks for asking me that. There is a growing community of people interested in neuropalliative care, and so I would really encourage people who are passionate about this and want to get connected to this community to consider joining the International Neuropalliative Care Society. We're a young and growing community. I think you'll find a lot of like-minded individuals. And whether you're thinking about going into neuropalliative care as a specialty or doing a fellowship or just making it more a part of your practice, you'll find a lot of like-minded individuals. And then at the end of the article, there are some websites, but there are opportunities: for example, Vital Talk, the education palliative and end-of-life care neurology curriculum out of Northwestern, where people can dig deeper and kind of do their own mini-fellowship to try to bolster these skills. Dr Berkowitz: Gives, certainly, me a lot to think about. I'm sure it gives our listeners a lot to think about as well in implementing some of the palliative care concepts you tell us about today and discuss in much more detail in your article as we see these patients and, hopefully, can refer them to talented expert colleagues like yourself in palliative care, but don't always have that opportunity. And as you said, there's always opportunities to be practicing palliative care, even though we're not palliative care specialists. So, I encourage all the listeners to read your article, which goes through these concepts and many more as well some sort of key points and strategies for implementing them as you gave us many examples today. So again, today I've been interviewing Dr Benzi Kluger about his article on neuropalliative care in Parkinson disease and related movement disorders, which is found in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues, and thank you again to our listeners for joining us today. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

What if the contract you didn't get was actually the answer to your prayer? In this episode, Eric Collett shares how he helps entrepreneurs and executives optimize their brain health to function at an elite level. His work goes upstream, identifying the trajectory decades before diseases like Alzheimer's show symptoms, because most people don't realize that Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases generally start decades before the first symptoms appear. Eric's team has developed the Enhance Protocol, helping clients improve brain function by 20-30% so they can learn faster, understand new technologies more rapidly, find words faster, have more stable mental health, and prevent cognitive decline to stay in the game longer. He reveals losing what would've been his biggest contract in Arizona. After two weeks of silence following a handshake agreement, he prayed: "If it's not the right thing, please don't let it happen." The CEO called to say they'd met nurse practitioner Randy Vawdrey who could actually reverse cognitive decline. Eric told them "You should work with Randy, that's a huge opportunity." Months later, Randy called to collaborate. They met at 6pm and talked until after midnight going through a Bible-sized stack of research. Within six months, Eric asked Randy to become his business partner, a relationship that put him through an intentional crash course in med school for years.   [00:05:20] Optimal Brain Health is Required Believes optimal brain health required for optimal results in business and life Brain is like hardware, everything we're learning and striving to do is like software Loading new software on crummy old dysfunctional hardware never gets great results Good brain health needed for better relationships, better business [00:06:00] Improving Brain Function by 20-30% Team developed organized system to identify root cause issues affecting brain performance Make specific recommendations, track objectively Help people improve brain function by 20-30% Can learn faster, understand new technologies more rapidly, find words faster, have more stable mental health [00:07:20] Who They Serve All ages: younger people with traumatic brain injuries, people in 30s with brain fog People 50-80 noticing things aren't what they used to be Especially focus on entrepreneurs and executives who want to function at elite level Most people miss opportunity to quantify it objectively instead of just guessing [00:10:00] Gary Plummer: From Doorknob to Stage Gary Plummer played linebacker for San Francisco 49ers, won Super Bowl ring Shortly after retiring, couldn't remember how to install doorknob (had done many times) Could go from zero to fighting mad at drop of hat, had to isolate from people Wouldn't drive on freeways, wouldn't travel without handler to meet at airport [00:11:20] The Transformation Eric's team helped take Gary's cognitive scores from 58th percentile to 86th percentile Several years later, now above average overall on tests Got to watch Gary step on stage at Forever Young Foundation event in Arizona Had quit speaking because he would lose train of thought, now presenting confidently [00:13:40] Alzheimer's Starts Decades Before Symptoms Nationally recognized expert, spoken in 39 of 50 states to healthcare professionals Alzheimer's and diseases like Parkinson's generally start decades before first symptoms We've grown up in "sick care system" that waits till you have serious problem 40-95% of Alzheimer's cases believed to be preventable [00:18:00] Think of Your Brain as a Boat When things are good, riding high in water, moving at top speed When not good, starting to take on water Common for people to get forgetful as they get older, but that's not normal, that's evidence of disease Brain health is never about one thing, it's multifactorial (80-100 things) [00:19:20] One Client: 68th to 99th Percentile Client is 42 years old, wrote LinkedIn article about experience Went from 68th percentile in cognitive functioning to 99th percentile Getting better results in life and business today Has lot more assurance he's changed trajectory for tomorrow [00:20:40] The Contract I Didn't Get Early 2017, started A Mind For All Seasons as solopreneur Opportunity to work with Arizona company designing memory care program for entire portfolio Met with owners, left with handshake agreement, supposed to get contract in couple days Couple days turned into more than two weeks [00:22:00] The Prayer Prayed: "I want this to happen, this would make my year" "If it's not the right thing, please don't let it happen" "I promise I will be grateful, I may not understand it, but I can be grateful in all things" Within day or two, CEO called [00:22:20] Meeting Randy Vawdrey CEO said they met nurse practitioner with advanced training in neurodegenerative diseases Randy had done fellowship with Dr. Bredesen at UCLA, Buck Institute for Research on Aging Dr. Bredesen's 2014 paper "Reversal of Cognitive Decline" showed 9 out of 10 patients with remarkable improvement Company said "We can't afford both Randy and you, we're going to work with Randy" [00:23:40] "You Should Work With Randy" Eric told them "You should, that's a huge opportunity, no one's doing that" They suggested "You should call Randy, he lives in Idaho like you do" Eric thought "I'm not gonna call Randy, I don't have time, I just lost biggest contract" Hustled for couple months [00:24:20] Randy Called Randy called out of the blue, said company wanted him to train staff "I'm a clinician, I don't do that, I want to explore collaborating" Eric was driving through Randy's part of state next week, said "Why don't we get together?" Went to Randy's house at 6pm, was there till after midnight [00:25:00] The Bible-Sized Stack of Research Randy brought out huge Bible-sized stack of research, slammed it on coffee table Started going through footnotes of the footnotes, what he'd learned with real patients Eric left 100% recognizing they could make far bigger difference Had agreement to split the contract, neither would make much money [00:25:40] "Will You Be My Business Partner?" Within six months Eric said "Randy, what are we doing dating? We need to work together" "Will you be my business partner? Let's go all in on this" All these years later still working together, still innovating Randy put Eric through intentional crash course in med school [00:26:00] The Education Every Friday and Monday morning at 7am for a few years, met for hour or two Randy taught Eric how to read labs, physiology and science behind everything Continued teaching ever since "Short of my own family, he has done more to affect my life than any human on the planet" [00:27:40] The Vision: Impact a Million Lives Current goal: impact another million lives in next two to three years Eight billion people on planet, everybody has brain, everybody needs optimal brain health Majority of Americans not metabolically healthy Alzheimer's nicknamed "diabetes of the brain" [00:32:40] Social Engagement Reduces Cognitive Decline From research standpoint, being more socially engaged reduces risk of cognitive decline Not only better in business and more joy in life, it's better for your brain Prioritizing relationships and being connected matters deeply for cognitive and mental health   KEY QUOTES "Diseases like Alzheimer's disease, which I'm a nationally recognized expert in. I've literally talked in 39 of the 50 states to healthcare professionals. Most people don't realize that Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's generally start decades before the first symptoms ever show up." - Eric Collett "I prayed and I literally said, I want this to happen. This would just make my year. If it's not the right thing, please don't let it happen, and I promise that I will be grateful. I may not understand it, but I can be grateful in all things." - Eric Collett "Being more socially engaged actually reduces the risk of cognitive decline. So not only are things better in business, and not only do you have more joy in life, it's actually better for your brain." - Eric Collett CONNECT WITH ERIC COLLETT 

Mark D'Esposito is a  Distinguished Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute.  Drawing on his training in Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychology, his research focuses on investigating the neural bases of high-level cognitive processes such as working memory and cognitive control, achieved through several different experimental approaches and methodologies. First, functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrocorticography (ECoG) are used to identify the neural substrates and temporal dynamics of various cognitive processes, especially those supported by the prefrontal cortex, in normal human subjects. Second, the role of the dopaminergic system in working memory and cognitive control is investigated with pharmacological studies during which direct dopaminergic agonists are administered to normal human subjects, as well as patients with Parkinson's disease. Third, behavioral studies in patient populations with frontal lobe dysfunction (e.g. stroke, brain injury) are performed to further understand the mechanisms that underlie working memory and cognitive control. Fourth, based on the knowledge gained from our research on frontal lobe function, we are developing and implementing cognitive therapeutic approaches to patients with traumatic brain injury and healthy elderly with executive function deficits. Finally, our methodological research is aimed at developing improved techniques for the acquisition and the analysis of fMRI and TMS data.Center for Brain Health WebsiteSupport the show

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend!   I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Willa: Thank you so much for taking the time to answer all of our questions! I'm working on making my home a more natural, healthy environment. Do you have recommendations for circadian-friendly light bulbs? I'd also love to hear any other quick and easy changes that you might suggest.     Milo: Is there research suggesting that red light therapy may be beneficial for Parkinson's disease?      Beth:  Hi Dr. Cabral! I get frequent headaches after exercise, even mild workouts. I feel foggy and have trouble concentrating. I've tried hydration and electrolytes, but it keeps happening. Any thoughts on why this is happening?     Peggy: hi doc! I'm a 40 year old woman who on paper is "healthy" all my typical blood work is within normal ranges. But I feel awful. Im tried all the time, can't focus, get enough sleep but still feel exhausted. My brain doesn't feel like it;s functioning at full capacity. Im easily irritable and overwhelmed. I just dont know where to start.     Regina: Hi Dr. C!  Thanks for all you do and your wealth of information.  Do you have any idea why people get red cheeks when drinking wine? I have looked for podcasts on this but haven't seen anything, This happens to me and it drives me crazy!   Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right!   - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3628 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!