Podcasts about international heart lung institute

Steven Gundry, MD, is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author, and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical technology. In 2008, his book Dr. Gundry's Diet Evolution revealed his new career shift—helping patients to heal themselves and avoid surgery through diet. In April 2017, new innovative health discoveries were revealed in his second book, The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers of ‘Healthy' Foods That Cause Disease & Weight Gain, published by Harpers Wave. The New York Times bestseller outlines a 90-day plan for some of the most pressing health issues, from obesity to heart disease. Gundry MD, a wellness blog, YouTube channel, and supplement company, was founded by Dr. Gundry in 2016 to further equip people with powerful tools in reclaiming their health. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his waitlist-only clinics at the Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. More info can be found at his websites: drgundry.com and gundrymd.com.

In 2001, Dr. Steven Gundry met a patient with severe heart disease that couldn't be corrected by surgery. Steven turned him away, saying he could do nothing to help him. However, the patient made some unusual changes to his diet, and within six months, he cleaned out 50% of the blockages in his arteries. Dr. Gundry then made it his mission to teach people about how to avoid intense surgeries down the line by making simple changes to their diet now. In this episode of YAPClassic, you'll learn about how gluten and other lectins are harming your gut, why autoimmune diseases have become more common, and how to properly prepare your beans.  Dr. Steven Gundry is a cardiothoracic surgeon turned wellness and nutrition expert and bestselling author. His mission is to improve your health, happiness, and longevity by making simple changes to your diet. He is the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. In this episode, Hala and Steven will discuss:  - How one patient inspired Dr. Gundry to become a nutrition specialist  - It's not about what you eat; it's about what you don't eat  - How gluten and other lectins are harming your gut  - Why “organic” doesn't mean healthy  - The secret reason we aren't getting enough nutrients  - Why you should stop eating fruit  - How to eat like your ancestors ate  - We are what our food eats  - A busy schedule isn't an excuse for chronic fatigue    - And other topics… Dr. Steven Gundry is a nutrition expert and bestselling author. His mission is to improve health, happiness, and longevity through a unique vision of human nutrition. During his 40-year career in medicine, he performed countless pediatric heart transplants, developed patented, life-saving medical technology, and published over 300 articles and book chapters on his research. He is the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA, where he operates his private practice.  In 2008, his best-selling book, “Dr. Gundry's Diet Evolution,” focused on diet and nutrition as a way to help people avoid surgery. His work in finding solutions to reversing disease through nutrition has continued, resulting in his first “Paradox” series of books: “The Plant Paradox” in 2017 and the sequel in 2018, “The Plant Paradox Cookbook”. LinkedIn Secrets Masterclass, Have Job Security For Life: Use code ‘masterclass' for 25% off at yapmedia.io/course. Resources Mentioned:  Steven's Books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Dr.-Steven-R-Gundry/author/B001IGQJQY?ref=ap_rdr&store_ref=ap_rdr&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true  Steven's Website: https://drgundry.com/  Steven's Supplements and Products: http://gundrymd.com  The Dr. Gundry Podcast: https://drgundry.com/the-dr-gundry-podcast/  Steven's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drstevengundry/?hl=en  Steven's Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DrStevenGundry/  Steven's Twitter: https://twitter.com/drgundry?lang=en  Steven's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steven-gundry-5b99a042  Sponsored By:  Shopify - Sign up for a $1 per month trial period at shopify.com/profiting More About Young and Profiting Download Transcripts - youngandprofiting.com   Get Sponsorship Deals - youngandprofiting.com/sponsorships Leave a Review - ratethispodcast.com/yap Watch Videos - youtube.com/c/YoungandProfiting Follow Hala Taha LinkedIn - linkedin.com/in/htaha/ Instagram - instagram.com/yapwithhala/ TikTok - tiktok.com/@yapwithhala Twitter - twitter.com/yapwithhala Learn more about YAP Media Agency Services - yapmedia.io/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It wouldn't be a career worth discussing if there weren't some turns along the way. Esteemed heart surgeon, Dr. Steven Gundry, was world-famous for his work in the cardiac space. When a patient of his, suffering from heart disease, made dramatic changes to his diet, Dr. Gundry had a light bulb moment and his focus quickly shifted to help those reverse disease and avoid surgery through nutrition. Hundreds of articles and three books later, you could say he's an expert—not to mention, he's the director and founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. From mitochondrial uncoupling, to his version of keto, and why a restricted eating window really is the best policy, consider yourself set up to live the longest, healthiest life possible.   To get the sleep of your dreams, head to moonjuice.com/LIPSTICK and use the code LIPSTICK at checkout for 20% off.   Get Clinique's Even Better Clinical Dark Spot Interrupter today! Available at Clinique.com.   Start a new healthy habit today. Visit seed.com/LIPSTICK and use code LIPSTICK to redeem 20% off your first month of Seed's DS-01™ Daily Synbiotic.   Right now, you can try Better & Better's vitamin-infused toothpaste and any of their oral care products and save with this exclusive offer for listeners. Just use code LIPSTICK at checkout for 20% off your first order. Visit betterandbetter.com to learn more.   Take your shopping to a whole new level on the Macy's app. Download today for iOS and Android.   Produced by Dear Media. 

What if you can reap the real benefits of the ketogenic diet without putting up with its traditional restrictions? Top heart surgeon and best-selling author of “The Plant Paradox” Dr. Steven Gundry joins me in this very insightful conversation and reveals the shocking truth about traditional keto diets, why most people fail at it, and how to do keto the right way. As the episode ends, Dr. Steven and I reflect on intermittent fasting, the carnivore dogma, humanity's quest to longevity and why optimistic pessimism largely helps with that. Dr. Steven Gundry spent over 40 years as a cardiothoracic and heart surgeon before he shifted his focus on finding solutions to reversing disease through nutrition. He is the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.  Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction to Dr. Steven Gundry 3:00 - Which staple foods are actually toxic for you? 6:00 - Debunking the keto diet: Where we get keto wrong 9:00 - What's Mitochondrial Uncoupling? 13:30 - The Gundry philosophy explained: “Disease begins and ends in the gut” 24:00 - 2 Tips to reversing the damage from harmful food sources 28:00 - Is gut dysbiosis connected to mental illnesses? 35:00 - Shocking benefits of intermittent fasting + Foods for a healthy gut 37:00 - What "Unlocking the Keto Code" means + Tips to get started 42:30 - Foods that help "uncouple" the mitochondria & boost ketosis 46:00 - Why optimistic pessimism can prolong your life 55:20 - Thoughts on the carnivore dogma   Learn more from Dr. Steven Gundry: Website: https://drgundry.com/ Instagram: @drstevengundry Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/DrGundry ; https://www.youtube.com/c/GundryMDYT/about   Book: “Unlocking the Keto Code: The Revolutionary New Science of Keto That Offers More Benefits Without Deprivation”    Related links: The revised version of the Align Method book is now available with 22 brand-new exercises! Pre-order here: alignpodcast.com/alignbook alignpodcast.com/alignmethod for a special discount  www.organifi.com/align and use ALIGN during checkout to receive 20% magbreakthrough.com/alignpodcast and use ALIGN10 during checkout to save 10%. www.seed.com/Align and use Align during checkout to get 15%

Dr. Steven Gundry has worked in medicine for over 40 years. Probably best known for his work as a cardiothoracic surgeon and heart surgeon… but today he is focusing on something very different: Teaching people how to avoid surgery by using his unique vision of human nutrition. His mission is to improve your health, happiness, and longevity by making simple changes to your diet. Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. Every day at these offices, Dr. Gundry helps patients learn how to take control of their weight, health, and energy by using his surprisingly simple diet advice. He began his surgical residency at the University of Michigan. While there, he was chosen to participate in a prestigious research program run by the National Institutes of Health. This is where his love of scientific research was born. He was one of the first 20 surgeons to test the implantable left ventricular assist device, a type of artificial heart. He also helped pioneer the use of robots for minimally-invasive heart surgery. He holds the record for the longest-surviving pig-to-baboon heart transplant – a procedure called xenotransplantation. Dr. Gundry and colleague Leonard Bailey, performed more infant and pediatric heart transplants than anyone else in the world. Dr. Gundry operated in more than 30 countries – including charitable missions to China, India, and Zimbabwe. He published over 300 articles or book chapters on cardiac surgery as well as on nutritional breakthroughs dealing with high cholesterol, heart disease, and hypertension. In 2001, He met a so-called “hopeless” patient suffering from heart disease. By making some unusual changes in his diet — almost by chance — this man made a complete turnaround. Eventually Dr. Gundry was able to give him the quadruple bypass surgery that has kept him alive to this day. In working with him, he made some major discoveries that changed the course of my career. He learned what nutrients were deficient in the American Diet, and which of our “staple” foods were actually toxic to the human body.

"Should people get blood work annually?" asks Shauna from Instagram. Here to answer is Dr. Steven Gundry, heart surgeon, founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute, and author of the best-selling Plant Paradox book series. According to Dr. Gundry, it depends on the situation. In his answer, he breaks down the efficacy of blood work, where it helps, and where it's not as useful. Use code JJVIRGIN25 for 25% off first time orders at gundrymd.com (bundles excluded & cannot be combined with other offer codes).

Dr. Steven Gundry sits down with Jay Shetty to talk about the power of our gut as a second brain. Our gut bacteria, when fed with the right food, helps our body avoid inflammation which is the main trigger for illnesses and diseases to develop. Eating right is eating healthy. Dr. Gundry is a well-known cardiothoracic surgeon and heart surgeon. His mission is to improve health, happiness, and longevity by making simple changes to our diet. Dr. Gundry teaches people how to avoid surgery by using his unique vision of human nutrition. Currently, he is Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. What We Discuss with Dr. Gundry: 00:00 Intro 01:39 “You are what you eat, but you are what the thing you are eating ate.” 06:46 What happens inside of us when we consume products? 10:04 When the energy expenditure goes to inflammation which is driven by a leaky gut 15:24 The gut is the second brain 19:05 Women are more in-tune with their gut than men 22:26 Ancient wheat are just as mischievous as modern wheat 27:33 The hidden truth about sugar in Nutrition Facts labels 33:17 Two types of gut bacteria 35:39 The Gut-Centric Theory of Hunger - bacteria's guide our sense of hunger 42:56 Time-Restricted Eating better known as Intermittent Fasting 46:26 For longevity, we have to adapt metabolic flexibility 49:19 Enlist the power of your gut bacteria 53:40 Dr. Gundry on Fast Five Episode Resources: Dr. Steven Gundry | Website Dr. Steven Gundry | Twitter Dr. Steven Gundry | Amazon Dr. Steven Gundry | Facebook Dr. Steven Gundry | Instagram Gundry MD The Steven Gundry Podcast The Steven Gundry Podcast | YouTube The Steven Gundry Podcast | Facebook Like this show? Please leave us a review here - even one sentence helps! Post a screenshot of you listening on Instagram & tag us so we can thank you personally!

On today's Reset Renew Revive Podcast, our host Dr. Bindiya Gandhi speaks with Dr. Steven Gundry, a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author, and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical technology. In 2008, his book Dr. Gundry's Diet Evolution revealed his new career shift—helping patients to heal themselves and avoid surgery through diet. In April 2017, new innovative health discoveries were revealed in his second book, The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers of ‘Healthy' Foods That Cause Disease & Weight Gain, published by Harpers Wave. The New York Times bestseller outlines a 90-day plan for some of the most pressing health issues, from obesity to heart disease. Gundry MD, a wellness blog, YouTube channel, and supplement company, was founded by Dr. Gundry in 2016 to further equip people with powerful tools in reclaiming their health. Dr Gundry practices medicine at his waitlist-only clinics at the Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. The Energy Paradox (1:20) The confusion with fruit and energy disrupters (4:30) The importance of mitochondria (9:52) How to support mitochondria (15:44) Brain washing cycle (23:44) Tips on keeping mitochondria healthy (25:10) How Dr. Gundry starts his day (28:40) Dr. Gundry's advice to his younger self (30:04) How to find Dr. Gundry online (32:32 For more on Dr. Steven Gundry, you can find him online at: https://gundrymd.com/

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical devices. His book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution instructs how to heal and avoid surgery through diet. His second book, "The Plant Paradox", a New York Times bestseller, outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical devices. His book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution instructs how to heal and avoid surgery through diet. His second book, "The Plant Paradox", a New York Times bestseller, outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

CRACK THE HEALTH CODE. These days there are a million ways to live a healthy lifestyle. Every day we hear about a new diet or strategy. How do we know what works and what doesn’t work? Information is the key, and with the right information, we can vastly improve our lives. What if you were able to put some of the best health and science experts in one room. Fortunately, that’s what we were able to do. It’s a biohacking breach! On today’s episode of The School of Greatness, I’ve combined key lessons from a few nutrition all-stars: Dr. Mark Hyman, Aubrey Marcus, Kelly Leveque, Dr. Steven Gundry, and Dave Asprey. Dr. Mark Hyman, Aubrey Marcus, Kelly Leveque, Dr. Steven Gundry, and Dave Asprey are all health care professionals and biohacking experts. Dr. Mark Hyman, M.D., is the founder and medical director of the UltraWellness Center, Director of the Cleveland Clinical Center for Functional Medicine, and the Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Functional Medicine. Kelly Leveque is a holistic nutritionist, wellness expert, and celebrity health coach based in Los Angeles, California. Her consulting business, Be Well By Kelly, grew out of her lifelong passion for health, the science of nutrition, and overall wellness. Aubrey Marcus is the founder and CEO of Onnit, a lifestyle brand based on a holistic health philosophy he calls Total Human Optimization. Dr. Steven Gundry has worked in medicine for over 40 years. He is the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. Dave Asprey is the creator of the widely-popular Bulletproof Coffee, host of the podcast Bulletproof Radio, and author of the New York Times bestselling book, The Bulletproof Diet. So get ready to learn how to master your health on Episode 863. Some Questions I Ask: What are some of the things we can do with our bodies to improve our health? (20:00) Why is mindset crucial to your overall health? (10:45) How can you turn off hunger hormones? (17:30) Why aren’t most people at the fitness level they desire? (25:00) Does it matter whether our food is served hot or cold? (30:22) How can someone be positive when they’re broke and unhealthy? (22:00) In This Episode You Will Learn: About the five causes of all disease. (6:55) How to have a champion mindset with your body. (10:00) How bacteria from animal guts can make you younger and healthier. (22:11) Why plants had to adapt to animals. (37:30) About the feedback loop between your brain and your body. (41:23) If you enjoyed this episode, check out the videos, show notes and more at http://www.lewishowes.com/863 and follow at instagram.com/lewishowes

In this interview, Dr. Steven Gundry, medical director for International Heart & Lung Institute and director for Center for Restorative Medicine, reviews some of the concepts covered in his book “The Longevity Paradox: How to Die Young at a Ripe Old Age.”

Elle Russ chats with Steven Gundry, M.D. about his new book The Longevity Paradox.  During his 40-year medical career he performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed patented, life-saving medical technology. After discovering key secrets to health 15 years ago, his mission is to prevent surgery by helping patients heal themselves through proper nutrition. His best-selling book from 2008, Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution,focused on specific diet principles for weight-loss and disease reversal. His second book, The Plant Paradox, further illuminates truths about hidden dangers of supposed “healthy” foods.  Dr. Gundry founded Gundry MD in 2016—a wellness blog, YouTube channel and supplement company to achieve optimum vitality. He practices medicine at the International Heart & Lung Institute and Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA. Selected Links: Dr. Gundry’s Website The Longevity Paradox

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical devices. His book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution instructs how to heal and avoid surgery through diet. His second book, "The Plant Paradox", a New York Times bestseller, outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical devices. His book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution instructs how to heal and avoid surgery through diet. His second book, "The Plant Paradox", a New York Times bestseller, outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

During Dr. Gundry's 40-year medical career he performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed patented, life-saving medical technology. After discovering key secrets to health 15 years ago, his mission is to prevent surgery by helping patients heal themselves through proper nutrition. His best-selling book from 2008, Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution, focused on specific diet principles for weight-loss and disease reversal. His second book, The Plant Paradox, further illuminates truths about hidden dangers of supposed “healthy” foods. Dr. Gundry founded Gundry MD in 2016—a wellness blog, YouTube channel and supplement company to achieve optimum vitality. He practices medicine at the International Heart & Lung Institute and Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

Elle Russ chats with Steven Gundry, M.D.—who during his 40-year medical career performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed patented, life-saving medical technology. After discovering key secrets to health 15 years ago, his mission is to prevent surgery by helping patients heal themselves through proper nutrition. His best-selling book from 2008, Dr. Gundry's Diet Evolution, focused on specific diet principles for weight-loss and disease reversal. His second book, The Plant Paradox, further illuminates truths about hidden dangers of supposed "healthy" foods. Dr. Gundry founded Gundry MD in 2016—a wellness blog, YouTube channel and supplement company to achieve optimum vitality. He practices medicine at the International Heart & Lung Institute and Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.

 Today's show is going to massively shift you're thinking about the common advice given in the fitness industry about just eating "whole foods" and what a "healthy diet" really is. Our guest today is best selling author, Director, and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine, Dr. Steven Gundry. His latest book The Plant Paradox breaks down the hidden dangers of healthy foods, how to fix your gut, what foods to eliminate from your diet today and more.   Topics Discussed: ⇾  What should never come across your mouth to optimize your gut health.  ⇾ The "antibiotic free" lie in the U.S. ⇾  The antibody that 94% of us are carrying around. ⇾ The two best types of grains to avoid lectins   Time Stamps: 4:00 - Dr. Gundry’s “Big Ed” story and Dr. Gundry’s Yale thesis. 9:30 - Inflammatory cytokines and the plant defense system. 14:20 - The Blue Zone Theory 15:01 - Purple potatoes and The Okanagan Diet. 16:40 - The scientific mechanism behind lectins, gluten, sticky proteins and more. 18:37 - Zonulin, white blood cells, and lectins 21:59 - Curing vitiligo, anti-inflammatory foods. 25:33 - Brain health and lectins 30:00 - Are all lectins the same? Celiac disease and more. 31:30 - Your family history, genetics, and lectins. Anxiety and depression its correlation to lectins 34:40 - Understanding and optimizing the microbiome with food. 36:39 - What human were NOT made to eat. Destroying lectins with acid,  38:20  - High lectins contain foods. Casein A1 40:20 - The antibody that 94% of us are carrying around. 43:10 - The "antibiotic free" lie. 43:50 - Roundup, glyphosate, and canola. 45:20 - Vitamin D and repair your gut. 47:17 - Olivie oil, leaves and millet. 51:00 - Rosemary, anchovies, wine, and living over 100. This podcast is brought to you by Prime Fitness USA,  bringing you the most innovative strength training equipment using their patented SmartStrength technology. This podcast made possible by ATP Lab! For cutting-edge supplementation with a purpose, check out ATP Labs. This podcast is brought to you by Gasp! Top notch quality training wear, Muscle Expert approved training gear! Get 10% off when you use the discount code BEN10 at checkout at Gasp Online Today!   Subscribe on iTunes, TuneIn, or Stitcher Radio! Love the podcast? Leave a review in iTunes! Who would you like Ben to interview? Tell us here! Resources Mentioned ⇾  Dr. Gundry’s Diet Resolution ⇾  The Plant Paradox ⇾ The Blue Zone Theory ⇾ The Botany of Desire ⇾ The Hidden Life of Trees   Follow Dr. Steven Gundry Youtube Facebook Instagram Website

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical devices. His book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution instructs how to heal and avoid surgery through diet. His second book, "The Plant Paradox", a New York Times bestseller, outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues. Dr. Gundry practices medicine at his Center for Restorative Medicine and International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.www.gundrymd.com

Dr. Steven Gundry is a renowned cardiologist, New York Times best-selling author and medical researcher. During his 40-year career in medicine, he has performed over 10,000 heart surgeries and developed life-saving medical technology. In 2008, his book, “Dr. Gundry’s Diet Evolution,” revealed a new career shift—helping patients to heal themselves and avoid surgery through diet. In April, his second book, "The Plant Paradox", hit bookstores. It’s now a New York Times bestseller list for 5 weeks and counting. The book outlines a 90-day plan for some of the world's most pressing health issues, from obesity to heart disease. GundryMD.com, founded by Dr. Gundry in 2016, is a wellness blog, YouTube channel and supplement company to further equip people with powerful tools in reclaiming their health. Currently, he practices at the International Heart & Lung Institute and Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.  Dr. Gundry, MD "The Plant Paradox: Hidden Dangers in "Healthy" Foods that Cause Weight Gain and Disease" Plant Paradox - Trailer Steven Gundry, MD - Facebook Steven Gundry, MD - Youtube Sound Health Options