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Oxigênio
#208 – A infraestrutura da IA: o que são datacenters e os riscos que eles representam

Oxigênio

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 11, 2025 34:08


A inteligência artificial, em seus múltiplos sentidos, tem dominado a agenda pública e até mesmo o direcionamento do capital das grandes empresas de tecnologia. Mas você já parou para pensar na infraestrutura gigantesca que dê conta de sustentar o crescimento acelerado das IAs? O futuro e o presente da inteligência artificial passa pela existência dos datacenters. E agora é mais urgente que nunca a gente discutir esse assunto. Estamos vendo um movimento se concretizar, que parece mais uma forma de colonialismo digital: com a crescente resistência à construção de datacenters nos países no norte global, empresas e governos parecem estar convencidos a trazer essas infraestruturas imensas com todos os seus impactos negativos ao sul global. Nesse episódio Yama Chiodi e Damny Laya conversam com pesquisadores, ativistas e atingidos para tentar aprofundar o debate sobre a infraestrutura material das IAs. A gente conversa sobre o que são datacenters e como eles impactam e irão impactar nossas vidas. No segundo episódio, recuperamos movimentos de resistência a sua instalação no Brasil e como nosso país se insere no debate, seguindo a perspectiva de ativistas e de pesquisadores da área que estão buscando uma regulação mais justa para esses grandes empreendimentos.  ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ROTEIRO [ vinheta da série ] [ Começa bio-unit ] YAMA: A inteligência artificial, em seus múltiplos sentidos, tem dominado a agenda pública e até mesmo o direcionamento do capital das grandes empresas de tecnologia. Mas você já parou para pensar na infraestrutura gigantesca que dê conta de sustentar o crescimento acelerado das IA? DAMNY: O futuro e o presente da inteligência artificial passa pela existência dos data centers. E agora é mais urgente que nunca a gente discutir esse assunto. Estamos vendo um movimento se concretizar, que parece mais uma forma de colonialismo digital: com a crescente resistência à construção de datacenters nos países no norte global, empresas e governos parecem estar convencidos a trazer os datacenters com todos os seus impactos negativos ao sul global. YAMA: Nós conversamos com pesquisadores, ativistas e atingidos e em dois episódios nós vamos tentar aprofundar o debate sobre a infraestrutura material das IAs. No primeiro, a gente conversa sobre o que são datacenters e como eles impactam e irão impactar nossas vidas. DAMNY: No segundo, recuperamos movimentos de resistência a sua instalação no Brasil e como nosso país se insere no debate, seguindo a perspectiva de ativistas e de pesquisadores da área que estão buscando uma regulação mais justa para esses grandes empreendimentos. [ tom baixo ] YAMA: Eu sou o Yama Chiodi, jornalista de ciência e pesquisador do campo das mudanças climáticas. Se você já é ouvinte do oxigênio pode ter me ouvido aqui na série cidade de ferro ou no episódio sobre antropoceno. Ao longo dos últimos meses investiguei os impactos ambientais das inteligências artificiais para um projeto comum entre o LABMEM, o laboratório de mudança tecnológica, energia e meio ambiente, e o oxigênio. Em setembro passado, o Damny se juntou a mim pra gente construir esses episódios juntos. E não por acaso. O Damny publicou em outubro passado um relatório sobre os impactos socioambientais dos data centers no Brasil, intitulado “Não somos quintal de data center”. O link para o relatório completo se encontra disponível na descrição do episódio. Bem-vindo ao Oxigênio, Dam. DAMNY: Oi Yama. Obrigado pelo convite pra construir junto esses episódios. YAMA: É um prazer, meu amigo. DAMNY: Eu também atuo como jornalista de ciência e sou pesquisador de governança da internet já há algum tempo. Estou agora trabalhando como jornalista e pesquisador aqui no LABJOR, mas quando escrevi o relatório eu tava trabalhando como pesquisador-consultor na ONG IDEC, Instituto de Defesa de Consumidores. YAMA: A gente começa depois da vinheta. [ Termina Bio Unit] [ Vinheta Oxigênio ] [ Começa Documentary] YAMA: Você já deve ter ouvido na cobertura midiática sobre datacenters a formulação que te diz quantos litros de água cada pergunta ao chatGPT gasta. Mas a gente aqui não gosta muito dessa abordagem. Entre outros motivos, porque ela reduz o problema dos impactos socioambientais das IA a uma questão de consumo individual. E isso é um erro tanto político como factual. Calcular quanta água gasta cada pergunta feita ao ChatGPT tira a responsabilidade das empresas e a transfere aos usuários, escondendo a verdadeira escala do problema. Mesmo que o consumo individual cresça de modo acelerado e explosivo, ele sempre vai ser uma pequena fração do problema. Data centers operam em escala industrial, computando quantidades incríveis de dados para treinar modelos e outros serviços corporativos. Um único empreendimento pode consumir em um dia mais energia do que as cidades que os abrigam consomem ao longo de um mês. DAMNY: Nos habituamos a imaginar a inteligência artificial como uma “nuvem” etérea, mas, na verdade, ela só existe a partir de data centers monstruosos que consomem quantidades absurdas de recursos naturais. Os impactos sociais e ambientais são severos. Data centers são máquinas de consumo de energia, água e terra, e criam poluição do ar e sonora, num modelo que reforça velhos padrões de racismo ambiental. O desenvolvimento dessas infraestruturas frequentemente acontece à margem das comunidades afetadas, refazendo a cartilha global da injustiça ambiental. Ao seguir suas redes, perceberemos seus impactos em rios, no solo, no ar, em territórios indígenas e no crescente aumento da demanda por minerais críticos e, por consequência, de práticas minerárias profundamente destrutivas. YAMA: De acordo com a pesquisadora Tamara Kneese, diretora do programa de Clima, Tecnologia e Justiça do instituto de pesquisa Data & Society, com quem conversamos, essa infraestrutura está criando uma nova forma de colonialismo tecnológico. Os danos ambientais são frequentemente direcionados para as comunidades mais vulneráveis, de zonas rurais às periferias dos grandes centros urbanos, que se tornam zonas de sacrifício para o progresso dessa indústria. DAMNY: Além disso, a crescente insatisfação das comunidades do Norte Global com os data centers tem provocado o efeito colonial de uma terceirização dessas estruturas para o Sul Global. E o Brasil não apenas não é exceção como parece ser um destino preferencial por sua alta oferta de energia limpa. [pausa] E com o aval do governo federal, que acaba de publicar uma medida provisória chamada REDATA, cujo objetivo é atrair data centers ao Brasil com isenção fiscal e pouquíssimas responsabilidades. [ Termina Documentary] [tom baixo ] VOICE OVER: BLOCO 1 – O QUE SÃO DATA CENTERS? YAMA: Pra entender o que são data centers, a gente precisa antes de tudo de entender que a inteligência artificial não é meramente uma nuvem etérea que só existe virtualmente. Foi assim que a gente começou nossa conversa com a pesquisadora estadunidense Tamara Kneese. Ela é diretora do programa de Clima, Tecnologia e Justiça do instituto de pesquisa Data & Society. TAMARA: PT – BR [ Eu acho que o problema da nossa relação com a computação é que a maioria parte do tempo a gente não pensa muito sobre a materialidade dos sistemas informacionais e na cadeia de suprimentos que permitem que eles existam. Tudo que a gente faz online não depende só dos nossos aparelhos, ou dos serviços de nuvem que a gente contrata, mas de uma cadeia muito maior. De onde ver o hardware que a gente usa? Que práticas de trabalho são empregadas nessa cadeia? E então, voltando à cadeia de suprimentos, pensar sobre os materiais brutos e os minerais críticos e outras formas de extração, abusos de direitos humanos e trabalhistas que estão diretamente relacionados à produção dos materiais que precisamos pra computação em geral. ] So I think, you know, the problem with our relationship to computing is that, most of the time, we don’t really think that much about the materiality of the computing system and the larger supply chain. You know, thinking about the fact that, of course, everything we do relies not just on our own device, or the particular cloud services that we subscribe to, but also on a much larger supply chain. So, where does the hardware come from, that we are using, and what kind of labor practices are going into that? And then be, you know, further back in the supply chain, thinking about raw materials and critical minerals and other forms of extraction, and human rights abuses and labor abuses that also go into the production of the raw materials that we need for computing in general. DAMNY: A Tamara já escreveu bastante sobre como a metáfora da nuvem nos engana, porque ela dificulta que a gente enxergue a cadeia completa que envolve o processamento de tantos dados. E isso se tornou uma questão muito maior com a criação dos chatbots e das IAs generativas. YAMA: Se a pandemia já representou uma virada no aumento da necessidade de processamento de dados, quando passamos a ir à escola e ao trabalho pelo computador, o boom das IA generativas criou um aumento sem precedentes da necessidade de expandir essas cadeias. DAMNY: E na ponta da infraestrutura de todas as nuvens estão os data centers. Mais do que gerar enormes impactos sócio-ambientais, eles são as melhores formas de enxergar que o ritmo atual da expansão das IAs não poderá continuar por muito tempo, por limitações físicas. Não há terra nem recursos naturais que deem conta disso. YAMA: A gente conversou com a Cynthia Picolo, que é Diretora Executiva do LAPIN, o Laboratório de Políticas Públicas e Internet. O LAPIN tem atuado muito contra a violação de direitos na implementação de data centers no Brasil e a gente ainda vai conversar mais sobre isso. DAMNY: Uma das coisas que a Cynthia nos ajudou a entender é como não podemos dissociar as IAs dos data centers. CYNTHIA: Existe uma materialidade por trás. Existe uma infraestrutura física, que são os data centers. Então os data centers são essas grandes estruturas que são capazes de armazenar, processar e transferir esses dados, que são os dados que são os processamentos que vão fazer com que a inteligência artificial possa acontecer, possa se desenvolver, então não existe sem o outro. Então falar de IA é falar de Datacenter. Então não tem como desassociar. YAMA: Mas como é um datacenter? A Tamara descreve o que podemos ver em fotos e vídeos na internet. TAMARA: [ Sim, de modo geral, podemos dizer que os data centers são galpões gigantes de chips, servidores, sistemas em redes e quando você olha pra eles, são todos muitos parecidos, prédios quadrados sem nada muito interessante. Talvez você nem saiba que é um data center se não observar as luzes e perceber que é uma estrutura enorme sem pessoas, sem trabalhadores. ] Yeah, so, you know, essentially, they’re like giant warehouses of chips, of servers, of networked systems, and, you know, they look like basically nondescript square buildings, very similar. And you wouldn’t really know that it’s a data center unless you look at the lighting, and you kind of realize that something… like, it’s not inhabited by people or workers, really. DAMNY: No próximo bloco a gente tenta resumir os principais problemas socioambientais que os data centers já causam e irão causar com muita mais intensidade no futuro. [tom baixo ] VOICE OVER: BLOCO 2 – A ENORME LISTA DE PROBLEMAS YAMA: O consumo de energia é provavelmente o problema mais conhecido dos data centers e das IAs. Segundo dados da Agência Internacional de Energia, a IEA, organização internacional da qual o Brasil faz parte, a estimativa para o ano de 2024 é que os data centers consumiram cerca de 415 TWh. A cargo de comparação, segundo a Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, instituto de pesquisa público associado ao Ministério das Minas e Energia, o Brasil consumiu no ano de 2024 cerca de 600 TWh. DAMNY: Segundo o mesmo relatório da Agência Internacional de Energia, a estimativa é que o consumo de energia elétrica por datacenters em 2030 vai ser de pelo menos 945 TWh, o que representaria 3% de todo consumo global projetado. Quando a gente olha pras estimativas de outras fontes, contudo, podemos dizer que essas são projeções até conservadoras. Especialmente considerando o impacto da popularização das chamadas LLM, ou grandes modelos de linguagem – aqueles YAMA: Ou seja, mesmo com projeções conservadoras, os data centers do mundo consumiriam em 2030, daqui a menos de cinco anos, cerca de 50% a mais de energia que o Brasil inteiro consome hoje. Segundo a IEA, em 2030 o consumo global de energia elétrica por data centers deve ser equivalente ao consumo da Índia, o país mais populoso do mundo. E há situações locais ainda mais precárias. DAMNY: É o caso da Irlanda. Segundo reportagem do New York Times publicada em outubro passado, espera-se que o consumo de energia elétrica por data centers por lá represente pelo menos 30% do consumo total do país nos próximos anos. Mas porquê os datacenters consomem tanta energia? TAMARA: [ Então, particularmente com o tipo de IA que as empresas estão investindo agora, há uma necessidade de chips e GPUs muito mais poderosos, de modo que os data centers também são sobre prover energia o suficiente pra todo esse poder computacional que demandam o treinamento e uso de grandes modelos de linguagem. Os data centers são estruturas incrivelmente demandantes de energia e água. A água em geral serve para resfriar os servidores, então tem um número considerável de sistemas de cooling que usam água. Além disso tudo, você também precisa de fontes alternativas de energia, porque algumas vezes, uma infraestrutura tão demandante de energia precisa recorrer a geradores para garantir que o data center continue funcionando caso haja algum problema na rede elétrica. ] So, you know, particularly with the kinds of AI that companies are investing in right now, there’s a need for more powerful chips, GPUs, and so Data centers are also about providing enough energy and computational power for these powerful language models to be trained and then used. And so the data center also, you know, in part because it does require so much energy, and it’s just this incredibly energy-intensive thing, you also need water. And the water comes from having to cool the servers, and so… So there are a number of different cooling systems that use water. And then on top of that, you also need backup energy sources, so sometimes, because there’s such a draw on the power grid, you have to have backup generators to make sure that the data center can keep going if something happens with the grid. YAMA: E aqui a gente começa a entender o tamanho do problema. Os data centers são muitas vezes construídos em lugares que já sofrem com infraestruturas precárias de eletricidade e com a falta de água potável. Então eles criam problemas de escassez onde não havia e aprofundam essa escassez em locais onde isso já era uma grande questão – como a região metropolitana de Fortaleza sobre a qual falaremos no próximo episódio, que está em vias de receber um enorme data center do Tiktok. DAMNY: É o que também relatam os moradores de Querétaro, no México, que vivem na região dos data centers da Microsoft. A operação dos data centers da Microsoft gerou uma crise sem precedentes, com quedas frequentes de energia e o interrompimento do abastecimento de água que muitas vezes duram semanas. Os data-centers impactaram de tal forma as comunidades que escolas cancelaram aulas e, indiretamente, foram responsáveis por uma crise de gastroenterite entre crianças. YAMA: E isso nos leva pro segundo ponto. O consumo de água, minerais críticos e outros recursos naturais. TAMARA: [O problema da energia tem recebido mais atenção, porque é uma fonte de ansiedade também. Pensar sobre o aumento da demanda de energia em tempos em que supostamente estaríamos transicionando para deixar de usar energias fósseis, o que obviamente pode ter efeitos devastadores. Mas eu acredito que num nível mais local, o consumo de água é mais relevante. Nós temos grandes empresas indo às áreas rurais do México, por exemplo, e usando toda a água disponível e basicamente deixando as pessoas sem água. E isso é incrivelmente problemático. Então isso acontece em áreas que já tem problemas de abastecimento de água, onde as pessoas já não tem muito poder de negociação com as empresas. Não têm poder político pra isso. São lugares tratados como zonas de sacrifício, algo que já vimos muitas vezes no mundo, especialmente em territórios indígenas. Então as consequências são na verdade muito maiores do que só problemas relacionados à energia. ] I think the energy problem has probably gotten the most attention, just because it is a source of anxiety, too, so thinking about, you know, energy demand at a time when we’re supposed to be transitioning away from fossil fuels. And clearly, the effects that that can have will be devastating. But I think on a local level, things like the water consumption can matter more. So, you know, if we have tech companies moving into rural areas in Mexico and, you know, using up all of their water and basically preventing people in the town from having access to water. That is incredibly problematic. So I think, you know, in water-stressed areas and areas where the people living in a place don’t have as much negotiating power with the company. Don’t have as much political power, and especially if places are basically already treated as sacrifice zones, which we’ve seen repeatedly many places in the world, with Indigenous land in particular, you know, I think the consequences may go far beyond just thinking about, you know, the immediate kind of energy-related problems. YAMA: Existem pelo menos quatro fins que tornam os data centers máquinas de consumir água. O mais direto e local é a água utilizada na refrigeração de todo equipamento que ganha temperatura nas atividades de computação, o processo conhecido como cooling. Essa prática frequentemente utiliza água potável. Apesar de já ser extremamente relevante do ponto de vista de consumo, essa é apenas uma das formas de consumo abundante de água. DAMNY: Indiretamente, os data centers também consomem a água relacionada ao seu alto consumo de energia, em especial na geração de energia elétrica em usinas hidrelétricas e termelétricas. Também atrelada ao consumo energético, está o uso nas estações de tratamento de água, que visam tratar a água com resíduos gerada pelo data center para tentar reduzir a quantidade de água limpa utilizada. YAMA: Por fim, a cadeia de suprimentos de chips e servidores que compõem os data centers requer água ultrapura e gera resíduos químicos. Ainda que se saiba que esse fator gera gastos de água e emissões de carbono relevantes, os dados são super obscuros, entre outros motivos, porque a maioria dos dados que temos sobre o consumo de água em data centers são fornecidos pelas próprias empresas. CYNTHIA: A água e os minérios são componentes também basilares para as estruturas de datacenter, que são basilares para o funcionamento da inteligência artificial. (…). E tem toda uma questão, como eu disse muitas vezes, captura um volume gigante de água doce. E essa água que é retornada para o ecossistema, muitas vezes não é compensada da água que foi capturada. Só que as empresas também têm uma promessa em alguns relatórios, você vai ver que elas têm uma promessa até de chegar em algum ponto para devolver cento e vinte por cento da água. Então a empresa está se comprometendo a devolver mais água do que ela capturou. Só que a realidade é o quê? É outra. Então, a Google, por exemplo, nos últimos cinco anos, reportou um aumento de cento e setenta e sete por cento do uso de água. A Microsoft mais trinta e oito e a Amazon sequer reporta o volume de consumo de água. Então uma lacuna tremenda para uma empresa desse porte, considerando todo o setor de Data centers. Mas tem toda essa questão da água, que é muito preocupante, não só por capturar e o tratamento dela e como ela volta para o meio ambiente, mas porque há essa disputa também com territórios que têm uma subsistência muito específica de recursos naturais, então existe uma disputa aí por esse recurso natural entre comunidade e empreendimento. DAMNY: Nessa fala da Cynthia a gente observa duas coisas importantes: a primeira é que não existe data center sem água para resfriamento, de modo que o impacto local da instalação de um empreendimento desses é uma certeza irrefutável. E é um dano contínuo. Enquanto ele estiver em operação ele precisará da água. É como se uma cidade de grande porte chegasse de repente, demandando uma quantidade de água e energia que o local simplesmente não tem para oferecer. E na hora de escolher entre as pessoas e empreendimentos multimilionários, adivinha quem fica sem água e com a energia mais cara? YAMA: A segunda coisa importante que a Cynthia fala é quando ela nos chama a atenção sobre a demanda por recursos naturais. Nós sabemos que recursos naturais são escassos. Mais do que isso, recursos naturais advindos da mineração têm a sua própria forma de impactos sociais e ambientais, o que vemos frequentemente na Amazônia brasileira. O que acontecerá com os data centers quando os recursos naturais locais já não forem suficientes para seu melhor funcionamento? Diante de uma computação que passa por constante renovação pela velocidade da obsolescência, o que acontece com o grande volume de lixo eletrônico gerado por data centers? Perguntas que não têm resposta. DAMNY: A crise geopolítica em torno dos minerais conhecidos como terra-rara mostra a complexidade política e ambiental do futuro das IA do ponto de vista material e das suas cadeias de suprimento. No estudo feito pelo LAPIN, a Cynthia nos disse que considera que esse ponto do aumento da demanda por minerais críticos que as IA causam é um dos pontos mais opacos nas comunicações das grandes empresas de tecnologia sobre o impacto de seus data centers. CYNTHIA: E outro ponto de muita, muita lacuna, que eu acho que do nosso mapeamento, desses termos mais de recursos naturais. A cadeia de extração mineral foi o que mais foi opaco, porque, basicamente, as empresas não reportam nada sobre essa extração mineral e é muito crítico, porque a gente sabe que muitos minérios vêm também de zonas de conflito. Então as grandes empresas, pelo menos as três que a gente mapeou, elas têm ali um trechinho sobre uma prestação de contas da cadeia mineral. Tudo que elas fazem é falar que elas seguem um framework específico da OCDE sobre responsabilização. YAMA: Quando as empresas falam de usar energias limpas e de reciclar a água utilizada, eles estão se desvencilhando das responsabilidades sobre seus datacenters. Energia limpa não quer dizer ausência de impacto ambiental. Pras grandes empresas, as fontes de energia limpa servem para gerar excedente e não para substituir de fato energias fósseis. Você pode ter um data center usando majoritariamente energia solar no futuro, mas isso não muda o fato de que ele precisa funcionar 24/7 e as baterias e os geradores a diesel estarão sempre lá. Além disso, usinas de reciclagem de água, fazendas de energia solar e usinas eólicas também têm impactos socioambientais importantes. O uso de recursos verdes complexifica o problema de identificar os impactos locais e responsabilidades dos data centers, mas não resolve de nenhuma forma os problemas de infraestrutura e de fornecimento de água e energia causados pelos empreendimentos. DAMNY: É por isso que a gente alerta pra não comprar tão facilmente a história de que cada pergunta pro chatGPT gasta x litros de água. Se você não perguntar nada pro chatGPT hoje, ou se fizer 1000 perguntas, não vai mudar em absolutamente nada o alto consumo de água e os impactos locais destrutivos dos data centers que estão sendo instalados a todo vapor em toda a América Latina. A quantidade de dados e de computação que uma big tech usa para treinar seus modelos, por exemplo, jamais poderá ser equiparada ao consumo individual de chatbots. É como comparar as campanhas que te pedem pra fechar a torneira ao escovar os dentes, enquanto o agro gasta em minutos água que você não vai gastar na sua vida inteira. Em resumo, empresas como Google, Microsoft, Meta e Amazon só se responsabilizam pelos impactos diretamente causados por seus data centers e, mesmo assim, é uma responsabilização muito entre aspas, à base de greenwashing. Você já ouviu falar de greenwashing? CYNTHIA: Essa expressão em inglês nada mais é do que a tradução literal, que é o discurso verde. (…)É justamente o que a gente está conversando. É justamente quando uma empresa finge se preocupar com o meio ambiente para parecer sustentável, mas, na prática, as ações delas não trazem esses benefícios reais e, pelo contrário, às vezes trazem até danos para o meio ambiente. Então, na verdade, é uma forma até de manipular, ou até mesmo enganar as pessoas, os usuários daqueles sistemas ou serviços com discursos e campanhas com esses selos verdes, mas sem comprovar na prática. YAMA: Nesse contexto, se torna primordial que a gente tenha mais consciência de toda a infraestrutura material que está por trás da inteligência artificial. Como nos resumiu bem a Tamara: TAMARA: [ Eu acredito que ter noção da infraestrutura completa que envolve a cadeia da IA realmente ajuda a entender a situação. Mesmo que você esteja usando, supostamente, energia renovável para construir e operar um data center, você ainda vai precisar de muitos outros materiais, chips, minerais e outras coisas com suas próprias cadeias de suprimento. Ou seja, independente da forma de energia utilizada, você ainda vai causar dano às comunidades e destruição ambiental. ] But that… I think that is why having a sense of the entire AI supply chain is really helpful, just in terms of thinking about, you know, even if you’re, in theory, using renewable energy to build a data center, you still are relying on a lot of other materials, including chips, including minerals, and other things that. (…) We’re still, you know, possibly going to be harming communities and causing environmental disruption. [ tom baixo ] YAMA: Antes de a gente seguir pro último bloco, eu queria só dizer que a entrevista completa com a Dra. Tamara Kneese foi bem mais longa e publicada na íntegra no blog do GEICT. O link para a entrevista tá na descrição do episódio, mas se você preferir pode ir direto no bloco do GEICT. [ tom baixo ] VOICE OVER: BLOCO 3 – PROBLEMAS GLOBAIS, PROBLEMAS LOCAIS YAMA: Mesmo conhecendo as cadeias, as estratégias de greenwashing trazem um grande problema à tona, que é uma espécie de terceirização das responsabilidades. As empresas trazem medidas compensatórias que não diminuem em nada o impacto local dos seus data centers. Então tem uma classe de impactos que são globais, como as emissões de carbono e o aumento da demanda por minerais críticos, por exemplo. E globais no sentido de que eles são parte relevante dos impactos dos data centers, mas não estão impactando exatamente nos locais onde foram construídos. CYNTHIA: Google, por exemplo, nesse recorte que a gente fez da pesquisa dos últimos cinco anos, ela simplesmente reportou um aumento de emissão de carbono em setenta e três por cento. Não é pouca coisa. A Microsoft aumentou no escopo dois, que são as emissões indiretas, muito por conta de data centers, porque tem uma diferenciação por escopo, quando a gente fala de emissão de gases, a Microsoft, nesse período de cinco anos, ela quadruplicou o tanto que ela tem emitido. A Amazon aumentou mais de trinta por cento. Então a prática está mostrando que essas promessas estão muito longe de serem atingidas. Só que aí entra um contexto mais de narrativa. Por que elas têm falado e prometido a neutralidade de carbono? Porque há um mecanismo de compensação. (…) Então elas falam que estão correndo, correndo para atingir essa meta de neutralidade de carbono, mas muito por conta dos instrumentos de compensação, compensação ou de crédito de carbono ou, enfim, para uso de energias renováveis. Então se compra esse certificado, se fazem esses contratos, mas, na verdade, não está tendo uma redução de emissão. Está tendo uma compensação. (…) Essa compensação é um mecanismo financeiro, no final do dia. Porque, quando você, enquanto empresa, trabalha na compensação dos seus impactos ambientais e instrumentos contratuais, você está ignorando o impacto local. Então, se eu estou emitindo impactando aqui o Brasil, e estou comprando crédito de carbono em projetos em outra área, o impacto local do meu empreendimento está sendo ignorado. YAMA: E os impactos materiais locais continuam extremamente relevantes. Além do impacto nas infraestruturas locais de energia e de água sobre as quais a gente já falou, há muitas reclamações sobre a poluição do ar gerada pelos geradores, as luzes que nunca desligam e até mesmo a poluição sonora. A Tamara nos contou de um caso curioso de um surto de distúrbios de sono e de enxaqueca que tomou regiões de data centers nos Estados Unidos. TAMARA: [ Uma outra coisa que vale ser lembrada: as pessoas que vivem perto dos data centers tem nos contado que eles são super barulhentos, eles também relatam a poluição visual causada pelas luzes e a poluição sonora. Foi interessante ouvir de comunidades próximas a data centers de mineração de criptomoedas, por exemplo, que os moradores começaram a ter enxaquecas e distúrbios de sono por viverem próximos das instalações. E além de tudo isso, ainda tem a questão da poluição do ar, que é visível a olho nu. Há muitas partículas no ar onde há geradores movidos a diesel para garantir que a energia esteja sempre disponível. ] And the other thing is, you know, for people who live near them, they’re very loud, and so if you talk to people who live near data centers, they will talk about the light pollution, the noise pollution. And it’s been interesting, too, to hear from communities that are near crypto mining facilities, because they will complain of things like migraine headaches and sleep deprivation from living near the facilities. And, you know, the other thing is that the air pollution is quite noticeable. So there’s a lot of particulate matter, particularly in the case of using diesel-fueled backup generators as an energy stopgap. DAMNY: E do ponto de vista dos impactos locais, há um fator importantíssimo que não pode ser esquecido: território. Data centers podem ser gigantes, mas ocupam muito mais espaço que meramente seus prédios, porque sua cadeia de suprimentos demanda isso. Como a água e a energia chegarão até os prédios? Mesmo que sejam usados fontes renováveis de energia, onde serão instaladas as fazendas de energia solar ou as usinas de energia eólica e de tratamento de água? Onde a água contaminada e/ou tratada será descartada? Quem vai fiscalizar? YAMA: E essa demanda sem fim por território esbarra justamente nas questões de racismo ambiental. Porque os territórios que são sacrificados para que os empreendimentos possam funcionar, muito frequentemente, são onde vivem povos originários e populações marginalizadas. Aqui percebemos que a resistência local contra a instalação de data centers é, antes de qualquer coisa, uma questão de justiça ambiental. É o caso de South Memphis nos Estados Unidos, por exemplo. TAMARA: [ Pensando particularmente sobre os tipos de danos causados pelos data centers, não é somente a questão da conta de energia ficar mais cara, ou quantificar a quantidade de energia e água gasta por data centers específicos. A verdadeira questão, na minha opinião, é a relação que existe entre esses danos socioambientais, danos algorítmicos e o racismo ambiental e outras formas de impacto às comunidades que lidam com isso a nível local. Especialmente nos Estados Unidos, com todo esse histórico de supremacia branca e a falta de direitos civis, não é coincidência que locais onde estão comunidades negras, por exemplo, sejam escolhidos como zonas de sacrifício. As comunidades negras foram historicamente preferenciais para todo tipo de empreendimento que demanda sacrificar território, como estradas interestaduais, galpões da Amazon… quer dizer, os data centers são apenas a continuação dessa política histórica de racismo ambiental. E tudo isso se soma aos péssimos acordos feitos a nível local, onde um prefeito e outras lideranças governamentais pensam que estão recebendo algo de grande valor econômico. Em South Memphis, por exemplo, o data center é da xAI. Então você para pra refletir como essa plataforma incrivelmente racista ainda tem a audácia de poluir terras de comunidades negras ainda mais ] I think, the way of framing particular kinds of harm, so, you know, it’s not just about, you know, people’s energy bills going up, or, thinking about how we quantify the energy use or the water use of particular data centers, but really thinking about the relationship between a lot of those social harms and algorithmic harms and the environmental racism and other forms of embodied harms that communities are dealing with on that hyper-local level. And, you know, in this country, with its history of white supremacy and just general lack of civil rights, you know, a lot of the places where Black communities have traditionally been, tend to be, you know, the ones sacrificed for various types of development, like, you know, putting up interstates, putting up warehouses for Amazon and data centers are just a continuation of the what was already happening. And then you have a lot of crooked deals on the local level, where, you know, maybe a mayor and other local officials think that they’re getting something economically of value. In South Memphis, the data center is connected to x AI. And so thinking about this platform that is so racist and so incredibly harmful to Black communities, you know, anyway, and then has the audacity to actually pollute their land even more. DAMNY: Entrando na questão do racismo ambiental a gente se encaminha para o nosso segundo episódio, onde vamos tentar entender como o Brasil se insere na questão dos data centers e como diferentes setores da população estão se organizando para resistir. Antes de encerrar esse episódio, contudo, a gente traz brevemente pra conversa dois personagens que vão ser centrais no próximo episódio. YAMA: Eles nos ajudam a compreender como precisamos considerar a questão dos territórios ao avaliar os impactos. Uma dessas pessoas é a Andrea Camurça, do Instituto Terramar, que está lutando junto ao povo Anacé pelo direito de serem consultados sobre a construção de um data center do TIKTOK em seus territórios. Eu trago agora um trechinho dela falando sobre como mesmo medidas supostamente renováveis se tornam violações territoriais num contexto de racismo ambiental. ANDREA: A gente recebeu notícias agora, recentemente, inclusive ontem, que está previsto um mega empreendimento solar que vai ocupar isso mais para a região do Jaguaribe, que vai ocupar, em média, de equivalente a seiscentos campos de futebol. Então, o que isso representa é a perda de terra. É a perda de água. É a perda do território. É uma diversidade de danos aos povos e comunidades tradicionais que não são reconhecidos, são invisibilizados. Então é vendido como território sem gente, sendo que essas energias chegam dessa forma. Então, assim a gente precisa discutir sobre energias renováveis. A gente precisa discutir sobre soberania energética. A gente precisa discutir sobre soberania digital, sim, mas construída a partir da necessidade do local da soberania dessas populações. DAMNY: A outra pessoa que eu mencionei é uma liderança Indígena, o cacique Roberto Anacé. Fazendo uma ótima conexão que nos ajuda a perceber como os impactos globais e locais dos data centers estão conectados, ele observa como parecemos entrar num novo momento do colonialismo, onde a soberania digital e ambiental do Brasil volta a estar em risco, indo de encontro à violação de terras indígenas. CACIQUE ROBERTO: Há um risco para a questão da biodiversidade, da própria natureza da retirada da água, do aumento de energia, mas também não somente para o território da Serra, mas para todos que fazem uso dos dados. Ou quem expõe esses dados. Ninguém sabe da mão de quem vai ficar, quem vai controlar quem vai ordenar? E para que querem essa colonização? Eu chamo assim que é a forma que a gente tem essa colonização de dados. Acredito eu que a invasão do Brasil em mil e quinhentos foi de uma forma. Agora nós temos a invasão de nossas vidas, não somente para os indígenas, mas de todos, muitas vezes que fala muito bem, mas não sabe o que vai acontecer depois que esses dados estão guardados. Depois que esses dados vão ser utilizados, para que vão ser utilizados, então esses agravos. Ele é para além do território indígena na série. [ tom baixo ] [ Começa Bio Unit ] YAMA: A pesquisa, entrevistas e apresentação desse episódio foi feita pelo Damny Laya e por mim, Yama Chiodi. Eu também fiz o roteiro e a produção. Quem narrou a tradução das falas da Tamara foi Mayra Trinca. O Oxigênio é um podcast produzido pelos alunos do Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo da Unicamp e colaboradores externos. Tem parceria com a Secretaria Executiva de Comunicação da Unicamp e apoio do Serviço de Auxílio ao Estudante, da Unicamp. Além disso, contamos com o apoio da FAPESP, que financia bolsas como a que nos apoia neste projeto de divulgação científica. DAMNY: A lista completa de créditos para os sons e músicas utilizados você encontra na descrição do episódio. Você encontra todos os episódios no site oxigenio.comciencia.br e na sua plataforma preferida. No Instagram e no Facebook você nos encontra como Oxigênio Podcast. Segue lá pra não perder nenhum episódio! Aproveite para deixar um comentário. [ Termina Bio Unit ] [ Vinheta Oxigênio ] Créditos: Aerial foi composta por Bio Unit; Documentary por Coma-Media. Ambas sob licença Creative Commons. Os sons de rolha e os loops de baixo são da biblioteca de loops do Garage Band. Roteiro, produção: Yama Chiodi Pesquisa: Yama Chiodi, Damny Laya Narração: Yama Chiodi, Danny Laya, Mayra Trinca Entrevistados: Tamara Kneese, Cynthia Picolo, Andrea Camurça e Cacique Roberto Anacé __________ Descendo a toca do coelho da IA: Data Centers e os Impactos Materiais da “Nuvem” – Uma entrevista com Tamara Kneese: https://www.blogs.unicamp.br/geict/2025/11/06/descendo-a-toca-do-coelho-da-ia-data-centers-e-os-impactos-materiais-da-nuvem-uma-entrevista-com-tamara-kneese/ Não somos quintal de data centers: Um estudo sobre os impactos socioambientais e climáticos dos data centers na América Latina: https://idec.org.br/publicacao/nao-somos-quintal-de-data-centers Outras referências e fontes consultadas: Relatórios técnicos e dados oficiais: IEA (2025), Energy and AI, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai, Licence: CC BY 4.0 “Inteligência Artificial e Data Centers: A Expansão Corporativa em Tensão com a Justiça Socioambiental”. Lapin. https://lapin.org.br/2025/08/11/confira-o-relatorio-inteligencia-artificial-e-data-centers-a-expansao-corporativa-em-tensao-com-a-justica-socioambiental/ Estudo de mercado sobre Power & Cooling de Data Centers. DCD – DATA CENTER DYNAMICS.https://media.datacenterdynamics.com/media/documents/Report_Power__Cooling_2025_PT.pdf Pílulas – Impactos ambientais da Inteligência Artificial. IPREC. https://ip.rec.br/publicacoes/pilulas-impactos-ambientais-da-inteligencia-artificial/ Policy Brief: IA, data centers e os impactos ambientais. IPREC https://ip.rec.br/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Policy-Paper-IA-e-Data-Centers.pdf MEDIDA PROVISÓRIA Nº 1.318, DE 17 DE SETEMBRO DE 2025 https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/medida-provisoria-n-1.318-de-17-de-setembro-de-2025-656851861 Infográfico sobre minerais críticos usados em Data Centers do Serviço de Geologia do Governo dos EUA https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/key-minerals-data-centers-infographic Notícias e reportagens: From Mexico to Ireland, Fury Mounts Over a Global A.I. Frenzy. Paul Mozur, Adam Satariano e Emiliano Rodríguez Mega. The New York Times, 20/10/2025. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/20/technology/ai-data-center-backlash-mexico-ireland.html Movimentos pedem ao MP fim de licença de data center no CE. Maristela Crispim, EcoNordeste. 25/08/2025. https://agenciaeconordeste.com.br/sustentabilidade/movimentos-pedem-ao-mp-fim-de-licenca-de-data-center-no-ce/#:~:text=’N%C3%A3o%20somos%20contra%20o%20progresso’&text=Para%20o%20cacique%20Roberto%20Anac%C3%A9,ao%20meio%20ambiente%E2%80%9D%2C%20finaliza. ChatGPT Is Everywhere — Why Aren’t We Talking About Its Environmental Costs? Lex McMenamin. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/chatgpt-is-everywhere-environmental-costs-oped Data centers no Nordeste, minérios na África, lucros no Vale do Silício. Le Monde Diplomatique, 11 jun. 2025. Accioly Filho. https://diplomatique.org.br/data-centers-no-nordeste-minerios-na-africa-lucros-no-vale-do-silicio/. The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States. Md Abu Bakar Siddik et al 2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16064017: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1 Tecnología en el desierto – El debate por los data centers y la crisis hídrica en Uruguay. MUTA, 30 nov. Soledad Acunã https://mutamag.com/cyberpunk/tecnologia-en-el-desierto/. Acesso em: 17 set. 2025. Las zonas oscuras de la evaluación ambiental que autorizó “a ciegas” el megaproyecto de Google en Cerrillos. CIPER Chile, 25 maio 2020. https://www.ciperchile.cl/2020/05/25/las-zonas-oscuras-de-la-evaluacion-ambiental-que-autorizo-aciegas-el-megaproyecto-de-google-en-cerrillos/. Acesso em: 17 set. 2025. Thirsty data centres spring up in water-poor Mexican town. Context, 6 set. 2024. https://www.context.news/ai/thirsty-data-centres-spring-up-in-water-poor-mexican-town BNDES lança linha de R$ 2 bilhões para data centers no Brasil. https://agenciadenoticias.bndes.gov.br/industria/BNDES-lanca-linha-de-R$-2-bilhoes-para-data-centersno-Brasil/. Los centros de datos y sus costos ocultos en México, Chile, EE UU, Países Bajos y Sudáfrica. WIRED, 29 maio 2025. Anna Lagos https://es.wired.com/articulos/los-costos-ocultos-del-desarrollo-de-centros-de-datos-en-mexico-chile-ee-uu-paises-bajos-y-sudafrica Big Tech's data centres will take water from world's driest areas. Eleanor Gunn. SourceMaterial, 9 abr. 2025. https://www.source-material.org/amazon-microsoft-google-trump-data-centres-water-use/ Indígenas pedem que MP atue para derrubar licenciamento ambiental de data center do TikTok. Folha de S.Paulo, 26 ago. 2025. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2025/08/indigenas-pedem-que-mp-atue-para-derrubar-licenciamento-ambiental-de-data-center-do-tiktok.shtml The data center boom in the desert. MIT Technology Review https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/05/20/1116287/ai-data-centers-nevada-water-reno-computing-environmental-impact/ Conferências, artigos acadêmicos e jornalísticos: Why are Tech Oligarchs So Obsessed with Energy and What Does That Mean for Democracy? Tamara Kneese. Tech Policy Press. https://www.techpolicy.press/why-are-tech-oligarchs-so-obsessed-with-energy-and-what-does-that-mean-for-democracy/ Data Center Boom Risks Health of Already Vulnerable Communities. Cecilia Marrinan. Tech Policy Press. https://www.techpolicy.press/data-center-boom-risks-health-of-already-vulnerable-communities/ RARE/EARTH: The Geopolitics of Critical Minerals and the AI Supply Chain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxVM3cAxHfg Understanding AI with Data & Society / The Environmental Costs of AI Are Surging – What Now? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4hQFR8Z7k0 IA e data centers: expansão corporativa em tensão com justiça socioambiental. Camila Cristina da Silva, Cynthia Picolo G. de Azevedo. https://www.jota.info/opiniao-e-analise/colunas/ia-regulacao-democracia/ia-e-data-centers-expansao-corporativa-em-tensao-com-justica-socioambiental LI, P.; YANG, J.; ISLAM, M. A.; REN, S. Making AI Less “Thirsty”: Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models. arXiv, 2304.03271, 26 mar. 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.03271 LIU, Y.; WEI, X.; XIAO, J.; LIU, Z.;XU, Y.; TIAN, Y. Energy consumption and emission mitigation prediction based on data center traffic and PUE for global data centers. Global Energy Interconnection, v. 3, n.3, p. 272-282, 3 jun. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2020.07.008 SIDDIK, M. A. B.; SHEHABI, A.; MARSTON, L. The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States. Environmental Research Letters, v. 16, n. 6, 21 maio 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1 Las Mentiras de Microsoft en Chile: Una Empresa No tan Verde. Por Rodrigo Vallejos de Resistencia Socioambiental de Quilicura. Revista De Frente, 18 mar. 2022. https://www.revistadefrente.cl/las-mentiras-de-microsoft-en-chile-una-empresa-no-tan-verde-porrodrigo-vallejos-de-resistencia-socioambiental-de-quilicura/. Acesso em: 17 set. 2025.

Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU
Paul Mozur on the spread of data centers from Nov 10, 2025

Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2025


Paul Mozur on Big Tech data centers outside the US Kirk Pearson - "Theme from Techtonic" - n/a - "Mark's comments" Kirk Pearson - "Modem of Home" - n/a [0:04:35] - "Interview with Paul Mozur" [0:04:46] Kirk Pearson - "Haptic Workshop" - n/a [0:26:35] - "Interview with Paul Mozur" [0:27:00] Kirk Pearson - "Bio Magnification" - n/a [0:51:57] - "Mark's comments" [0:52:04] Acidulant - "Taking Orders from Machines" - Acidulant - Planet Jack EP [0:55:26] https://www.wfmu.org/playlists/shows/157889

Being Human UTU Podcast
Being Human UT Podcast 023 Interview with Pulitzer Prize winner Paul Mozur

Being Human UTU Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2024 34:58


Being Human UT Podcast 023 Interview with Pulitzer Prize winner Paul Mozur

Access Utah
'Killer Robots' with Paul Mozur on Monday's Access Utah

Access Utah

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 7, 2024 47:27


Our guest is New York Times global technology correspondent Paul Mozur. His upcoming talk, titled 'The Killer Robots Have Arrived: The Actions & Ethics of AI in a Changed World' will explore the rapid changes that AI has brought to a surprising space: warfare. Mozur's work with the Times has explored the introduction of AI to “off-the-shelf” drones that Ukrainian tech entrepreneurs have developed as part of Ukraine's war with Russia.

Reignite
Killer Robots

Reignite

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2024 11:00


Paul Mozur, Global Tech Correspondent with the New York Times, explores whether 'killer robots' are still a futuristic idea, or a part of modern warfare.

The Daily
The Era of Killer Robots Is Here

The Daily

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 9, 2024 26:09


Outmanned and outgunned in what has become a war of attrition against Russia, Ukraine has looked for any way to overcome its vulnerabilities on the battlefield. That search has led to the emergence of killer robots.Paul Mozur, the global technology correspondent for The Times, explains how Ukraine has become a Silicon Valley for autonomous weapons and how artificial intelligence is reshaping warfare.Guest: Paul Mozur, the global technology correspondent for The New York Times.Background reading:In the Ukraine war, A.I. has begun ushering in an age of killer robots.For more information on today's episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday.

The Lawfare Podcast
An Investigation into Russian State Media and Disinformation

The Lawfare Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 29, 2022 48:17


On December 15, the New York Times published an article that detailed an investigation conducted by three of its reporters into how Russian state media uses American right wing and Chinese media to portray the ongoing war in Ukraine to Russian citizens. The investigation utilized thousands of leaked emails from correspondence within a Russian state media agency and with Russian security services, to uncover how the Kremlin crafts its narratives and spreads disinformation to its people. To unpack the findings of the investigation and their implications, Lawfare associate editor Katherine Pompilio sat down with the journalists that conducted the investigation: Paul Mozur, a New York Times correspondent focused on technology and geopolitics in Asia; Adam Satariano, a New York Times technology correspondent focused on digital policy; and Aaron Krolik, an interactive news journalist and developer also at the Times. They discussed how they conducted their investigation, Russia's propaganda machine that they describe as the country's greatest wartime success, the limits of the disinformation campaign, and more.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Sunday Show
Chinese Censorship and Surveillance in a Moment of Unrest: Part 2

The Sunday Show

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 11, 2022 27:52


Last week, the Chinese government under President Xi Jinping took steps to finally move away from its zero-COVID policy, following two weeks of protests in multiple cities. The unrest and anti-government sentiment was perhaps the most pronounced since the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown. And while these events gave Western observers an opportunity to grapple with the complexity of Chinese politics, generational and regional differences in the views of the population, and ultimately how the authoritarian government responds to public pressure, it also gave us a chance to see how the Chinese censorship and surveillance apparatus operates. This week's Tech Policy Press podcast comes in two parts. In both, we'll hear from reporters covering the intersection of China and technology. This is the second part, and it features a conversation with two individuals covering China for the New York Times, Paul Mozur and Muyi Xiao. In their collaborative coverage they have mixed open source visual investigations methods with traditional reporting to get a sense of the protests and the state's response.

Sway
Elon's Two-Day War with Apple + How to Beat an A.I. Censor + S.B.F.'s ‘Bad Month'

Sway

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 2, 2022 51:21


Elon Musk accuses Apple of trying to sabotage Twitter. But after his visit with Apple's C.E.O., Tim Cook, things are … good? Then, the New York Times reporter Paul Mozur on the tactics Chinese protesters are deploying to avoid the most sophisticated censorship apparatus in the world.Plus: S.B.F. says it's been a “bad month.”Additional Reading:Elon Musk accused Apple of threatening to pull Twitter from its App Store and tweeted about Apple's “secret 30 percent tax” on developers for in-app purchases. The company has again delayed the launch of Twitter Blue as it seeks a way to avoid paying Apple's 30 percent fee for the service.Later, Musk said the “misunderstanding” with Apple had been resolved after he met with the company's C.E.O., Tim Cook, at Apple's headquarters.Layoffs at Twitter gutted the company's child safety team, which is responsible for removing child exploitation.Musk offered a “general amnesty” for over 60,000 banned accounts on Twitter.Protests in China rippled throughout the country, and citizens found ways to get around the Chinese censorship apparatus.On Wednesday, Sam Bankman-Fried appeared for an interview with Andrew Ross Sorkin at the DealBook Summit.We want to hear from you. Email us at hardfork@nytimes.com. Follow “Hard Fork” on TikTok: @hardfork

The McGill International Review
The Aftermath: China's Dynamic Zero COVID Strategy

The McGill International Review

Play Episode Listen Later May 9, 2022 23:31


Host Andrew Xu sits down once again with Vivian Wang, a China correspondent for The New York Times. They discuss the draconian pandemic restrictions China has instilled in Shanghai and Beijing, as well as the propaganda campaign that's being used to supplement it.   References   Shanghai Residents Face Food Shortages Amid Strict Covid Lockdowns from The Wall Street Journal   Shanghai residents bristle as a lockdown enters a second week with more testing by Vivian Wang, The New York Times   China's Covid Lockdown Outrage Tests Limits of Triumphant Propaganda by Vivian Wang, Paul Mozur, and Isabelle Qian, The New York Times   Intro/Outro music: Synapse by Shane Ivers  

The Cyberlaw Podcast
All At Sea: Maritime Cybersecurity

The Cyberlaw Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 5, 2022 42:35


Spurred by a Cyberspace Solarium op-ed, Nate Jones gives an overview of cybersecurity worries in the maritime sector, where there is plenty to worry about. I critique the U.S. government's December 2020 National Maritime Cybersecurity Strategy, a 36-page tome that, when the intro and summary and appendices and blank pages are subtracted, offers only eight pages of substance. Luckily, the Atlantic Council has filled the void with its own report on the topic. Of course, the maritime sector isn't the only one we should be concerned about. Sultan Meghji points to the deeply troubling state of industrial control security, as illustrated by at “10 out of 10” vulnerability recently identified in a Rockwell Automation ICS system.  Still, sometimes software rot serves a good purpose. Maury Shenk tells us about decay in Russia's SORM—a site-blocking system that may be buckling under the weight of the Ukraine invasion. Talking about SORM allows me to trash a nothingburger story perpetrated by three New York Times reporters who ought to know better. Adam Satariano, Paul Mozur and Aaron Krolik should be ashamed of themselves for writing a long story suggesting that Nokia did something wrong by selling Russia telecom gear that enables wiretaps. Since the same wiretap features are required by Western governments as a matter of law, Nokia could hardly do anything else. SORM and its abuses were all carried out by Russian companies. I suspect that, after wading through a boatload of leaked documents, these three (three!) reporters just couldn't admit there was no there, there.  Nate and I note the emergence of a new set of secondary sanctions targets as the Treasury Department begins sanctioning companies that it concludes are part of a sanctions evasion network. We also puzzle over the surprising pushback on proposals to impose  sanctions on Kaspersky. If the Wall Street Journal is correct, and the reason is fear of cyberattacks if the Russian firm is sanctioned, isn't that a reason to sanction them out of Western networks?  Sultan and Maury remind us that regulating cryptocurrency is wildly popular with some, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren and the EU Parliament. Sultan remains skeptical that sweeping regulation is in the cards. He is much more bullish on Apple's ability to upend the entire fintech field by plunging into financial services with enthusiasm. I point out that it's almost impossible for a financial services company to maintain a standoffish relationship with the government, so Apple may have to change the tune it's been playing in the U.S. for the last decade. Maury and I explore fears that the DMA will break WhatsApp encryption, while Nate and I plumb some of the complexities of a story Brian Krebs broke about hackers exploiting the system by which online services provide subscriber information to law enforcement in an emergency.  Speaking of Krebs, we dig into Ubiquiti's defamation suit against him. The gist of the complaint is that Krebs relied on a “whistleblower” who turned out to be the perp, and that Krebs didn't quickly correct his scoop when that became apparent. My sympathies are with Krebs on this one, at least until Ubiquiti fills in a serious gap in its complaint—the lack of any allegation that the company told Krebs that he'd been misled and asked for a retraction. Without that, it's hard to say that Krebs was negligent (let alone malicious) in reporting allegations by an apparently well-informed insider.  Maury brings us up to speed on the (still half-formed) U.K. online harms bill and explains why the U.K. government was willing to let the subsidiary of a Chinese company buy the U.K.'s biggest chip foundry. Sultan finds several insights in an excellent CNN story about the Great Conti Leak. And, finally, I express my personal qualms about the indictment (for disclosing classified information) of Mark Unkenholz, a highly competent man whom I know from my time in government. To my mind the prosecutors are going to have to establish that Unkenholz was doing something different from the kind of disclosures that are an essential part of working with tech companies that have no security clearances but plenty of tools needed by the intelligence community. This is going to be a story to watch. Download the 401st Episode (mp3) You can subscribe to The Cyberlaw Podcast using iTunes, Google Play, Spotify, Pocket Casts, or our RSS feed. As always, The Cyberlaw Podcast is open to feedback. Be sure to engage with @stewartbaker on Twitter. Send your questions, comments, and suggestions for topics or interviewees to CyberlawPodcast@steptoe.com. Remember: If your suggested guest appears on the show, we will send you a highly coveted Cyberlaw Podcast mug! The views expressed in this podcast are those of the speakers and do not reflect the opinions of their institutions, clients, friends, families, or pets.

The Cyberlaw Podcast
All At Sea: Maritime Cybersecurity

The Cyberlaw Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 5, 2022 42:35


Spurred by a Cyberspace Solarium op-ed, Nate Jones gives an overview of cybersecurity worries in the maritime sector, where there is plenty to worry about. I critique the U.S. government's December 2020 National Maritime Cybersecurity Strategy, a 36-page tome that, when the intro and summary and appendices and blank pages are subtracted, offers only eight pages of substance. Luckily, the Atlantic Council has filled the void with its own report on the topic. Of course, the maritime sector isn't the only one we should be concerned about. Sultan Meghji points to the deeply troubling state of industrial control security, as illustrated by at “10 out of 10” vulnerability recently identified in a Rockwell Automation ICS system.  Still, sometimes software rot serves a good purpose. Maury Shenk tells us about decay in Russia's SORM—a site-blocking system that may be buckling under the weight of the Ukraine invasion. Talking about SORM allows me to trash a nothingburger story perpetrated by three New York Times reporters who ought to know better. Adam Satariano, Paul Mozur and Aaron Krolik should be ashamed of themselves for writing a long story suggesting that Nokia did something wrong by selling Russia telecom gear that enables wiretaps. Since the same wiretap features are required by Western governments as a matter of law, Nokia could hardly do anything else. SORM and its abuses were all carried out by Russian companies. I suspect that, after wading through a boatload of leaked documents, these three (three!) reporters just couldn't admit there was no there, there.  Nate and I note the emergence of a new set of secondary sanctions targets as the Treasury Department begins sanctioning companies that it concludes are part of a sanctions evasion network. We also puzzle over the surprising pushback on proposals to impose  sanctions on Kaspersky. If the Wall Street Journal is correct, and the reason is fear of cyberattacks if the Russian firm is sanctioned, isn't that a reason to sanction them out of Western networks?  Sultan and Maury remind us that regulating cryptocurrency is wildly popular with some, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren and the EU Parliament. Sultan remains skeptical that sweeping regulation is in the cards. He is much more bullish on Apple's ability to upend the entire fintech field by plunging into financial services with enthusiasm. I point out that it's almost impossible for a financial services company to maintain a standoffish relationship with the government, so Apple may have to change the tune it's been playing in the U.S. for the last decade. Maury and I explore fears that the DMA will break WhatsApp encryption, while Nate and I plumb some of the complexities of a story Brian Krebs broke about hackers exploiting the system by which online services provide subscriber information to law enforcement in an emergency.  Speaking of Krebs, we dig into Ubiquiti's defamation suit against him. The gist of the complaint is that Krebs relied on a “whistleblower” who turned out to be the perp, and that Krebs didn't quickly correct his scoop when that became apparent. My sympathies are with Krebs on this one, at least until Ubiquiti fills in a serious gap in its complaint—the lack of any allegation that the company told Krebs that he'd been misled and asked for a retraction. Without that, it's hard to say that Krebs was negligent (let alone malicious) in reporting allegations by an apparently well-informed insider.  Maury brings us up to speed on the (still half-formed) U.K. online harms bill and explains why the U.K. government was willing to let the subsidiary of a Chinese company buy the U.K.'s biggest chip foundry. Sultan finds several insights in an excellent CNN story about the Great Conti Leak. And, finally, I express my personal qualms about the indictment (for disclosing classified information) of Mark Unkenholz, a highly competent man whom I know from my time in government. To my mind the prosecutors are going to have to establish that Unkenholz was doing something different from the kind of disclosures that are an essential part of working with tech companies that have no security clearances but plenty of tools needed by the intelligence community. This is going to be a story to watch. Download the 401st Episode (mp3) You can subscribe to The Cyberlaw Podcast using iTunes, Google Play, Spotify, Pocket Casts, or our RSS feed. As always, The Cyberlaw Podcast is open to feedback. Be sure to engage with @stewartbaker on Twitter. Send your questions, comments, and suggestions for topics or interviewees to CyberlawPodcast@steptoe.com. Remember: If your suggested guest appears on the show, we will send you a highly coveted Cyberlaw Podcast mug! The views expressed in this podcast are those of the speakers and do not reflect the opinions of their institutions, clients, friends, families, or pets.

@BEERISAC: CPS/ICS Security Podcast Playlist
Episode 401: All at Sea: Maritime Cybersecurity

@BEERISAC: CPS/ICS Security Podcast Playlist

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 5, 2022 42:34


Podcast: The Cyberlaw Podcast (LS 47 · TOP 1% what is this?)Episode: Episode 401: All at Sea: Maritime CybersecurityPub date: 2022-04-04Spurred by a Cyberspace Solarium op-ed, Nate Jones gives an overview of cybersecurity worries in the maritime sector, where there is plenty to worry about. I critique the U.S. government's December 2020 National Maritime Cybersecurity Strategy, a 36-page tome that, when the intro and summary and appendices and blank pages are subtracted, offers only eight pages of substance. Luckily, the Atlantic Council has filled the void with its own report on the topic.; Of course, the maritime sector isn't the only one we should be concerned about. Sultan Meghji points to the deeply troubling state of industrial control security, as illustrated by at "10 out of 10" vulnerability recently identified in a Rockwell Automation ICS.; Still, sometimes software rot serves a good purpose. Maury Shenk tells us about decay in Russia's SORM – a site-blocking system that may be buckling under the weight of the Ukraine invasion. Talking about SORM allows me to trash a nothingburger story perpetrated by three New York Times reporters who ought to know better. Adam Satariano, Paul Mozur and Aaron Krolik should be ashamed of themselves for writing a long story suggesting that Nokia did something wrong by selling Russian telecom gear that enables wiretaps. Since the same wiretap features are required by Western governments as a matter of law, Nokia could hardly do anything else. SORM and its abuses were all carried out by Russian companies. I suspect that, after wading through a boatload of leaked documents, these three (three!) reporters just couldn't admit there was no there, there.; Nate and I note the emergence of a new set of secondary sanctions targets as Treasury begins sanctioning companies that it concludes are part of a sanctions evasion network. We also puzzle over the surprising pushback on proposals to impose sanctions on If the WSJ is correct, and the reason is fear of cyberattacks if the Russian firm is sanctioned, isn't that a reason to sanction them out of Western networks?; Sultan and Maury remind us that regulating cryptocurrency is wildly popular with some, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren and the EU Parliament. Sultan remains skeptical that sweeping regulation is in the cards. He is much more bullish on Apple's ability to upend the entire fintech field by plunging into financial services with enthusiasm. I point out that it's almost impossible for a financial services company to maintain a standoffish relationship with government, so Apple may have to change the tune it's been playing in the U.S. for the last decade.; Maury and I explore fears that the DMA will break WhatsApp encryption, while Nate and I plumb some of the complexities of a story Brian Krebs broke about hackers exploiting the system by which online services provide subscriber information to law enforcement in an emergency.; Speaking of Krebs, we dig into Ubiquiti's defamation suit against him. The gist of the complaint is that Krebs relied on a "whistleblower" who turned out to be the perp, and that Krebs didn't quickly correct his scoop when that became apparent. My sympathies are with Krebs on this one, at least until Ubiquiti fills in a serious gap in its complaint – the lack of any allegation that the company told Krebs that he'd been misled and asked for a retraction. Without that, it's hard to say that Krebs was negligent (let alone malicious) in reporting allegations by an apparently well-informed insider.; Maury brings us up to speed on the (still half-formed) K. online harms bill and explains why the U.K. government was willing to let the subsidiary of a Chinese company buy the U.K.'s biggest chip foundry. Sultan finds several insights in an excellent CNN story about the Great Conti Leak.; And, finally, I express my personal qualms about the indictment (for disclosing classified information) of Mark Unkenholz, a highly competent man whom I know from my time in government. To my mind, the prosecutors are going to have to establish that Unkenholz was doing something different from the kind of disclosures that are an essential part of working with tech companies that have no security clearances but plenty of tools needed by the intelligence community. This is going to be a story to watch.; Download the 401st Episode (mp3).; Subscribe to The Cyberlaw Podcast:; As always, The Cyberlaw Podcast is open to feedback. Be sure to engage with @stewartbaker on Twitter. Send your questions, comments, and suggestions for topics or interviewees to CyberlawPodcast@steptoe.com. Remember: If your suggested guest appears on the show, we will send you a highly coveted Cyberlaw Podcast mug!; The views expressed in this podcast are those of the speakers and do not reflect the opinions of their institutions, clients, friends, families, or pets.The podcast and artwork embedded on this page are from Steptoe & Johnson LLP, which is the property of its owner and not affiliated with or endorsed by Listen Notes, Inc.

Imported Horror
Side-Scrolling Terror: Detention (Taiwan, 2019)

Imported Horror

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 24, 2022 68:16


A high schooler wakes up to find her high school abandoned and haunted. Are ghosts scarier than a military dictatorship? This week, the crew dials the clock back to 1962 Taiwan for Detention. They also explore the "New French Extremity" collection debuting on Shudder next week. Motion Picture Terror Scale: 4 (Marcus and Melissa) / 3 ( Grady). Quality: 5/5/4 Enjoyment: 5/5/4 Articles mentioned in this episode: "Interview with John Hsu: It Was Like a Collective Trauma no One Wanted to Face," by Panos Kotzathanasis for Asian Movie Pulse "INTERVIEW: Adapting ‘Detention' to screen was a challenge: Hsu" in the Taipei Times "For decades, no one spoke of Taiwan's hidden massacre. A new generation is breaking the silence," by Amy B Wang for The Washington Post "Taiwan Families Receive Goodbye Letters Decades After Executions," by Paul Mozur for The New York Times "Shudder March 2022 Schedule Announced," by Mirko Parlevliet for Vital Thrills

The Lawfare Podcast
YouTube Influencers and the Chinese Government

The Lawfare Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 2, 2022 44:32


Last month, the New York Times ran a story about YouTube videos promoting tourism to China and promoting messages sympathetic to the Chinese government. The accounts are a part of a broader network of profiles on Twitter, YouTube and other social media, spreading pro-Beijing narratives. To talk through the story and what to make of the accounts, Jacob Schulz sat down with one of the story's authors, Paul Mozur, a reporter at the New York Times, and Darren Linvill, an associate professor at the University of Clemson. They talked through who exactly these accounts are, what messages they promote and how to think about what impact they're having.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Net Assessment
Taiwan: Middle Path or Muddled Strategy?

Net Assessment

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 10, 2021 58:12


The Net Assessment team debates Patrick Porter and Michael Mazarr's recent study on "Countering China's Adventurism Over Taiwan: A Third Way" written for the Lowy Institute. Chris, Melanie, and Zack agree that the study is thought provoking and well argued, but disagree about whether it is ultimately convincing. Nonetheless, Porter and Mazarr have made a real contribution by helping to clarify the assumptions that underlie different approaches to the Taiwan. Chris gives a shout out to the Bridging the Gap effort, Melanie complains about John Cena and Bing, and Zack commends his former colleague Ari Tabatabai.   Links Patrick Porter and Michael Mazarr, "Countering China's Adventurism Over Taiwan: A Third Way," Lowy Institute, May 20, 2021 Irene Braam and Alexandra de Hoop Scheffer, "Transatlantic Trends 2021," German Marshall Fund of the United States and Bertelsmann Foundation, June 2021 Oriana Skylar Mastro, "The Taiwan Temptation," Foreign Affairs, July/August 2021 Charles L. Glaser, "Washington Is Avoiding the Tough Questions on Taiwan and China," Foreign Affairs, April 28, 2021 Ariane M. Tabatabai, No Conquest, No Defeat: Iran's National Security Strategy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020),  Dustin Walker, "Congress Should Rewrite the Pentagon's Pacific Deterrence Budget Request," Defense News, June 2, 2021 Joe Biden, “My Trip to Europe Is about America Rallying the World's Democracies,” The Washington Post, June 5, 2021 Martin Pengelly, “Biden Trumpets Democracy in Post Op-ed – As Threats Spread at Home,” The Guardian, June 6, 2021 Bridging the Gap “Future Foreign Policy: Global Perceptions of the United States, Featuring Caroline Gray,” June 16, 2021, Noon EDT Tom Karako, “Sing, Missile Muse, of Gods and Heroes: America's Most Fearsome Weapons Need Better Names,” War on the Rocks, June 7, 2021 Jill Disis, “‘F9' Star John Cena Says He Loves China After Taiwan Remark Stokes Anger,” CNN, May 25, 2021 Elizabeth Braw, “Spying on Allies is Normal. Also Smart,” Politico EU, June 4, 2021. Syaru Shirley Lin, “It's Not Just China: Population, Power Generation, Political Polarization, and Parochialism are Also Long-Term Threats to Taiwan's Success and Survival,” PRC Leader, June 1, 2021 “China's Growing Military Confidence Puts Taiwan at Risk,” Economist, May 1, 2021 Blake Herzinger, “US Ditching Taiwan Commitments is a Dead-End Idea,” Foreign Policy, May 3, 2021 Paul Mozur, “Microsoft's Bing Briefly Blocked ‘Tank Man' on Anniversary of Tiananmen Anniversary,” New York Times, June 5, 2021

Josh on Narro
Three takeaways from a day with TikTok

Josh on Narro

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 11, 2020 9:55


The Interface - In July, amid increasing scrutiny from the Trump administration, TikTok announced a novel effort to build trust with regulators: a physical offic https://www.getrevue.co/profile/caseynewton/archive/276991 said at the timetold reporters on Air Force One that he planned to ban TikTok from operating in the United Stateshe didMayer quitsince been changed to November 12ththe deadline is also still Tuesdaya nice recap of what happens from there80 minutes have passedwhat you’ll find in the News Feed herea more general guidefairly sparsehas long denied that it creates filter bubblessubscribers-only interview with the New York Times’ Paul Mozursome things

Australia in the World
Ep. 53: Consulate closures & deteriorating US-China relations; AUSMIN; Defence Strategic Update

Australia in the World

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 4, 2020 47:35


On this week’s episode, the deteriorating relationship between Washington and Beijing takes centre stage, including the consulate closures in Houston and Chengdu. What’s going on, and why now? How much is this all about American electoral politics, and does that even matter? Perhaps most important, how much of the trajectory of the relationship is the result of the Trump administration specifically—and could be changed if Joe Biden wins in November—and how much is structural and will persist no matter who prevails in the presidential election? Australia’s Foreign and Defence Ministers made the big decision to travel in person to Washington DC for the annual AUSMIN consultations. But before they arrived, Australia publicly clarified its position on the South China Sea, broadly rejecting the sweeping nature of China’s maritime claims. Was the timing significant, and should we see this action more through the lens of US-China rivalry, or the positions of the other claimant states? Turning to AUSMIN, how consequential was the decision of the ministers to travel, and what messages did it send? Notwithstanding the symbolism of being there in person, the Australian side sought to establish its independence, and Allan and Darren offer their overall assessments of the meeting. Finally, the two discuss the Defence Strategic Update, juxtaposing it with a recently announced staffing reduction at DFAT. We thank AIIA intern Mitchell McIntosh for his help with research and audio editing and XC Chong for research support. Thanks as always to Rory Stenning for composing our theme music. Relevant Links Edward Wong and Steven Lee Myers, “Officials push US-China Relations toward point of no return” New York times, 25 July 2020: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/25/world/asia/us-china-trump-xi.html Sui-Lee Wee and Paul Mozur, “China Uses DNA to Map Faces, With Help From the West”, New York Times, 3 December 2019: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/business/china-dna-uighurs-xinjiang.html The Ezra Klein Show, “Your questions, answered”, June 2020: https://player.fm/series/the-ezra-klein-show/your-questions-answered Rebecca Strating, “Australia lays down the law in the South China Sea dispute”, Lowy Interpreter, 25 July 2020: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/australia-lays-down-law-south-china-sea-dispute Joint Statement Australia-U.S. Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) 2020: https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/united-states-of-america/ausmin/joint-statement-ausmin-2020 Australia-United States Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN), Transcript, 29 July 2020: https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/transcript/australia-united-states-ministerial-consultations-ausmin Stephen Dziedzic, “Foreign Minister makes clear Australia will not be boxed in when it comes to China or the US”, ABC News, 29 July 2020: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-29/ausmin-australia-united-states-china-relationship-diplomacy/12502222 Japan-Australia Leaders VTC Meeting, Media Release, 9 July 2020: https://www.pm.gov.au/media/japan-australia-leaders-vtc-meeting Rory Medcalf, “Shinzo Abe has made Japan a leader again”, Australian Financial Review, 10 July 2020: https://www.afr.com/policy/foreign-affairs/shinzo-abe-has-made-japan-a-leader-again-20200710-p55av8 2020 Defence Strategic Update and Force Structure Plan: https://www.defence.gov.au/strategicupdate-2020/ Scott Morrison, “Address: Launch of the 2020 Defence Strategic Update”, 1 July 2020: https://www.pm.gov.au/media/address-launch-2020-defence-strategic-update Sam Roggeveen, “Regional security depends on making order from chaos” Lowy Interpreter, 18 July 2020: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/regional-security-depends-making-order-chaos Dave Sharma, “A diplomatic step-up to match our military step-up”, Lowy Interpreter, 13 July 2020: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/diplomatic-step-match-our-military-step Jonathan Pryke, “DFAT cuts show our foreign policy’s khaki tinge”, Lowy Interpreter, 20 July 2020: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/dfat-cuts-show-our-foreign-policy-khaki-tinge Zack Cooper and Charles Edel, “Australia is having a strategic revolution, and it’s all about China”, Foreign Policy, 22 July 2020: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/22/australia-military-strategy-regional-policy-china/ Allan Gyngell and Isabella Keith, “New feature: The week in Australian foreign policy”, Australian Outlook, 3 July 2020: http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/new-feature-current-events-in-australian-foreign-policy/ Sam Sodomsky, “The National’s Aaron Dessner Talks Taylor Swift’s New Album folklore”, Pitchfork, 24 July 2020: https://pitchfork.com/news/the-nationals-aaron-dessner-talks-taylor-swifts-new-album-folklore/

Digital Planet
New Phone in China? Scan your face…

Digital Planet

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 10, 2019 42:42


Mobile phone users in China will have to submit to 3D face scans to get a sim card. Technology ethicist Dr Stephanie Hare and New York Times Asia correspondent, Paul Mozur, discuss how this will affect citizens’ privacy, and whether China is alone in making this decision. Petr Plecháč from the Institute of Czech Literature uses a piece of software that can identify people by the pattern of their written language. Gareth speaks with him about Shakespeare’s Henry VIII and the likelihood of John Fletcher co-authoring this key text. Reporter William Park takes a go at being a virtual burglar. He investigates a game that is allowing researchers to understand what thieves do during a break-in, with the aim of understanding their moves and decision making. A technique that allows people to check how computer neural networks make decisions about image classification may help to reduce mistakes by AI in medical imaging. Dr Cynthia Rudin explains why bird identification was the perfect model to test the computers’ abilities – and check them. (Image: Facial recognition with smartphone. Credit: Getty Images) Presenters: Gareth Mitchell and Bill Thompson Producer: Rory Galloway

The Daily
A Woman’s Journey Through China’s Detention Camps

The Daily

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 9, 2019 31:29


A last-minute booking, a furtive cab ride and a spy in the window. For the past year, Paul Mozur has been investigating the story of a son determined to free his mother from a repressive system of detention and surveillance in western China. In doing so, he found a crack in China’s surveillance state — and a mother on her deathbed in Xinjiang.Today, we hear from the man’s mother for the first time. Guest: Paul Mozur, a technology reporter for The New York Times based in Shanghai, spoke with Ferkat Jawdat, a Uighur who is an American citizen and lives in Virginia, and his mother in Xinjiang, China. For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Background reading:The Chinese authorities are using a vast secret system of facial recognition technology to control the Uighurs, a largely Muslim minority in western China. The government may also be taking citizens’ DNA without consent to enhance the system.“We must be as harsh as them, and show absolutely no mercy.” Leaked documents reveal how the Chinese authorities orchestrated the crackdown on one million or more ethnic Uighurs.If you missed our previous interviews with Mr. Jawdat, here are Part 1 and Part 2.

Seattle's Morning News with Dave Ross

Matthew Gardner, Windermere Chief Economist, on Tacoma's hot housing market // Feliks Banel, All Over the Map - Kellogg Island // Margaret Brennan on European cooperation/ Mexico tariffs // Tom Tangney's review of Dark Phoenix // Dose of Kindness -- the Kindness Rock Project // Sports Insider with Danny O'neil // Paul Mozur from the NTY on China's growing surveillance of its people

China Tech Investor
25: Live from Emerge—Huawei on the US Entities list with Paul Mozur

China Tech Investor

Play Episode Listen Later May 29, 2019 41:50


In this special *live* episode, recorded May 23rd, 2019 at Technode’s inaugural Emerge event, hosts Elliott Zaagman and James Hull are joined by Paul Mozur, a technology reporter with the New York Times who covers tech companies, cybersecurity, censorship and the intersection of geopolitics and technology in Asia. What better to discuss with him than the “elephant in the room:” US Commerce Department adding Huawei to the Entities List? The discussion around Huawei covers whether Huawei can survive being on the Entities List, Huawei’s consumer devices versus networking equipment, CFIUS, which companies are impacted, which companies could benefit the most, Google & Android OS, and features live Q&A from the audience. The China Tech Investor podcast is powered by Technode. Note: the hosts and guest do not claim ownership of the truth in the matters discussed. This was recorded before the President Trump tweet that suggested Huawei is on the table in the trade deal negotiations. Please note, the hosts may have interest in some of the stocks discussed. The discussion should not be construed as investment advice or a solicitation of services. Watchlist: Tencent Alibaba Baidu iQiyi Xiaomi JD.com Pinduoduo Meituan-Dianping Guests: Paul Mozur – The New York Times Hosts: Elliott Zaagman – @elliottzaagman James Hull – @jameshullx Editor Peter Isachenko Podcast information: iTunes Spotify RSS Feed Music: “Hey Ho” by Steve Jackson, Royalty Free Music

Amanpour
Amanpour: Paul Mozur, Jared Diamond and Maddie Corman

Amanpour

Play Episode Listen Later May 7, 2019 55:44


Paul Mozur, a Technology Reporter for The New York Times, discusses China's surveillance system and how it is impacting the country's Muslim minority. Jared Diamond, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author, discusses his latest work "Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis" and why some countries deal with crises better than others. Our Michel Martin talks to actress and writer Maddie Corman about the true story behind her one woman play "Accidentally Brave."To learn more about how CNN protects listener privacy, visit cnn.com/privacy

china crisis new york times cnn muslims nations pulitzer prize jared diamond amanpour maddie corman paul mozur accidentally brave upheaval turning points
Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU
Paul Mozur, New York Times journalist, on surveillance in China from Apr 22, 2019

Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 23, 2019


Paul Mozur, New York Times journalist, talks about what's happening in China: surveillance, control, and the fate of Uighurs in the Xinjiang region. Tomaš Dvořák - "Game Boy Tune" - "Mark's intro" - "Interview with Paul Mozur" Abdurehim Heyit - "Karşılaşınca" https://www.wfmu.org/playlists/shows/85392

Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU
Paul Mozur, New York Times journalist, on surveillance in China from Apr 22, 2019

Techtonic with Mark Hurst | WFMU

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 22, 2019


Paul Mozur, New York Times journalist, talks about what's happening in China: surveillance, control, and the fate of Uighurs in the Xinjiang region. Tomaš Dvořák - "Game Boy Tune" - "Mark's intro" - "Interview with Paul Mozur" Abdurehim Heyit - "Karşılaşınca" http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/shows/85392

WashingTECH Tech Policy Podcast with Joe Miller
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Warfare with Gregory Allen (Ep. 101)

WashingTECH Tech Policy Podcast with Joe Miller

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 8, 2017 32:24


How will Artificial Intelligence (AI) Affect Warfare? In today's episode we discuss the role of artificial intelligence in the future of warfare. What are the risks? How is the United States likely to fare in confrontations involving the use of AI? In a recent paper, Center for a New American Security Fellow Greg Allen and his co-author, Taniel Chan, illustrate both the risks and opportunities for the use of AI in warfare. We discuss these findings plus lessons learned from previous revolutions in the use of military technology. Bio Greg Allen (@Grecory_C_Allen) is an Adjunct Fellow with the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. He focuses on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence, cybersecurity, robotics, and national security. Additionally, Mr. Allen's writing and analysis has appeared in WIRED, Vox, and The Hill. In 2017, The Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs published  his report entitled “Artificial Intelligence and National Security”. Allen and his co-author, Taniel Chan conducted this  study on behalf of the U.S. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). Mr. Allen currently works at Blue Origin, a space exploration and technology company. Prior to working at Blue Origin, he worked at Avascent, where he advised senior executives in government and the private sector. Mr. Allen holds a joint MPP/MBA degree from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard Business School. Further, his Master's Thesis was honored with the Belfer Center Award for Excellence in International and Global Affairs. In addition, he graduated magna cum laude from Washington University in Saint Louis, where he was awarded the Arnold J. Lien prize for outstanding graduate in Political Science. Resources DOWNLOAD THE WHITE PAPER:   Center for a New American Security Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow by Yuval Noah Harari NEWS ROUNDUP After August 31, the feds don't have to tell you how they're storing your biometric data If you're concerned about how federal law enforcement officials are storing your biometric data, you'd better act fast. After August 31, they will no longer have to tell you. The FBI's Next Generation Identification system stores things like iris scans and fingerprints that you gave during things like employment background checks.  Currently, you can find out how the feds are storing your biometric information. However, the FBI becomes exempt from the Privacy Act provision that allows this on August 31. You can find the story in next.gov. Senate confirms Rosenworcel and Carr The Federal Communications Commission is now up to 5 Commissioners. So it finally has a full panel of Commissioners. The Senate confirmed Democrat Jessica Rosenworcel and Republican Brendan Carr last week. Rosenworcel previously served as a Commissioner during the Tom Wheeler FCC for three years from 2012 to 2015. Carr is the the FCC's current General Counsel. In addition, President Donald Trump had also nominated Chairman Ajit Pai. However, the Senate did not take up Pai's nomination before the recess. The three Republicans at the Commission will now be Pai, Carr and Michael O'Rielly. And the two Democrats are Rosenworcel and Mignon Clyburn. Edward Graham has the story in Morning Consult. Tech sector opposes legal immigration restrictions The tech sector is opposing the GOP immigration bill President Trump endorsed last week which would cut legal immigration in half over 10 years. The so-called RAISE Act prefers highly skilled workers and English speakers and moves extended family members of immigrants to the back of the line. The Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC)-- the trade group that lobbies on behalf of tech giants Google, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft and others--opposes the measure. ITIC president Dean Garfield said in a statement “This is not the right proposal to fix our immigration system because it does not address the challenges tech companies face, injects more bureaucratic dysfunction, and removes employers as the best judge of the employee merits they need to succeed and grow the U.S. economy.” Tony Romm has the story in Recode. Meanwhile, Canada is emerging as the "New" New Colossus, welcoming Emma Lazaraus's "huddled masses yearning to breathe free". Canadian business and government leaders are seizing on the opportunity to welcome tech talent to Canada. David George-Cosh and Jacqui McNish report in the Wall Street Journal. Apple and Amazon bow to China, Google complies with Russia The tech sector is coming under increased pressure to conform to multinational norms. Paul Mozur at The New York Times reports that Apple has removed Chinese censor-evading VPN apps from its Chinese app store. Amazon also warned its Chinese customers to stop using software that evades China's Great Firewall. Further, in Russia, Google has begun implementing terms it settled on in a dispute with its Russian competitor, Yandex. The agreement stipulates that Google would give Russians a choice of which browser to use on Android phones. In accordance with the agreement, Google began suggesting other browsers to Russian Android users last week. David Meyer reports in Fortune. Senate passes 6 bills before recess The Senate passed 6 bipartisan technology and communications bills before they departed for recess. They include bills  to expand spectrum availability (MOBILE NOW Act S. 19), improve service in rural areas ( S. 96) , and make it easier to call 911 from hotel rooms (Kari's Law Act of 2017, S. 123). Congress wrote the latter bill in response to Brad Dunn's fatal stabbing of his wife, Kari Hunt, in a hotel room in Marshall, Texas as Hunt's 9-year-old daughter tried to call 911.  Unbeknownst to the young girl, the hotel room phone required callers to dial 9 before 911, and she was unable to reach a dispatcher. Other bills include: Spoofing Prevention Act of 2017 (S. 134): Legislation to stop misleading or inaccurate caller ID information.  Federal Communications Commission Consolidated Reporting Act of 2017 (S . 174): Legislation to require the FCC to condense duplicative reports on competition in the telecommunications market into one comprehensive report released every two years.  Developing Innovation and Growing the Internet of Things Act (DIGIT Act)(S. 88): Legislation to bring together private sector and government entities to assess the needs of the Internet of Things (IoT) and study the readiness of government to support the IoT. Senators introduce the Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act of 2017 Several advocacy groups are opposing a new bipartisan bill entitled the Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act of 2017. The bill has the support of six Senators--3 Republican and 3 Democrat--including Senators Portman, McCain, Cornyn, Blumenthal, McCaskill, and Heitkamp. The new law would allow victims of sex trafficking to sue and press charges against any website that "knowingly or recklessly" enabled sex trafficking. Additionally, it would criminalize conduct by websites that “assists, supports, or facilitates a violation of federal sex trafficking laws”. Further, it would allow the states to prosecute sites under federal sex crimes laws. Advocates argue that this new legislation would eviscerate Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Section 230 shields websites from liability stemming from content posted by their users. Without section 230, these advocates say, the internet as we know it simply would not exist. Further, the advocates argue that it would simply be too risky for sites like Facebook or Twitter to host user-generated content. Sarah Jeong covers this in The Verge. Facebook's new diversity report shows little progress Facebook released its fourth annual diversity report. Eighty-nine percent of its workforce self-identifies as white or Asian. However, the number of women working at Facebook has increased by 2 percentage points since last year to 35%. Nevertheless, women hold just 19% of tech positions at Facebook, although the company reports that 27% of its engineering hires are women. Looking at the senior ranks ... 70% are white, 72% are male and of the women who have cracked the glass ceiling into the c-suite, 68% are white. However, the percentage of Facebook employees who identify as black went from 2 to 3%. Hispanics when from 4 to 5%. Clare O'Connor reports in Forbes. Crowdfunding platforms block alt-right groups Blake Montgomery at Buzzfeed reports that leading fundraising platforms like PayPal, GoFundMe, and Patreon have banned or limited some members of the alt-right from using their sites. Researcher proves Amazon Echo can be a spying tool A British researcher has demonstrated how he has been able to successfully install malware on an Amazon Echo that allowed him to eavesdrop. But the hack requires physical access to the target Echo and only works on pre-2017 Echo devices. Andy Greenberg has details in Wired.