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How does tickling work? You can't tickle yourself. But if you are the ticklish type, you'll start laughing if you know someone is about to tickle you even though they haven't touched you yet. This episode begins with the weird ways tickling works. http://www.livescience.com/3882-tickle.html You know what is interesting about our 7-day week? It is totally artificial. In other words, the other ways we measure time - such as days, hours, months and years – those are based on the sun, the moon, the rotation of the earth and other things – but the week is just made up. Still, it seems to work very well. Imagine life without the week. Keeping a schedule would be extremely difficult. Here to discuss where the 7-day week came from and why it is so important is David Henkin, a professor of history at the University of California at Berkley and author of book The Week: A History of the Unnatural Rhythms That Made Us Who We Are (https://amzn.to/3InCDwl) There are a lot of cat lovers in the world. So, how did cats become household pets in the first place? They haven't always been. In fact, having an indoor cat didn't become a normal thing until the 1930s. There is an interesting story here and here to tell it is Jonathan B. Losos an evolutionary biologist at Washington University and author of the book The Cat's Meow: How Cats Evolved from The Savanna to Your Sofa (https://amzn.to/41PpAe1). If you have valuables in your home, where do you put them, so a burglar won't find them? Maybe in the freezer? In the closet? Well, you could but there's a place burglars almost never look. Listen and I will tell you where that is. https://www.rd.com/list/where-do-burglars-look/ PLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS!!! MINT MOBILE: Ditch overpriced wireless and get 3 months of premium wireless service from Mint Mobile for 15 bucks a month at https://MintMobile.com/something ! FACTOR: Eat smart with Factor! Get 50% off at https://FactorMeals.com/something50off TIMELINE: Get 10% off your order of Mitopure! Go to https://Timeline.com/SOMETHING ROCKET MONEY: Cancel your unwanted subscriptions and reach your financial goals faster! Go to https://RocketMoney.com/SOMETHING QUINCE: Elevate your shopping with Quince! Go to https://Quince.com/sysk for free shipping on your order and 365 day returns! INDEED: Get a $75 sponsored job credit to get your jobs more visibility at https://Indeed.com/SOMETHING right now! DELL: The power of Dell AI with Intel inside is transforming the world of pro sports! For the players and the fans who are there for every game. See how Dell Technologies with Intel inside can help find your advantage, and power your wins at https://Dell.com/Wins Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
American universities are where people go to learn and teach. They're also where research and development happens. Over the past eight decades, universities have received billions in federal dollars to help that happen. Those dollars have contributed to innovations like: Drone technology. Inhalable Covid vaccines. Google search code.The Trump administration is cutting or threatening to cut federal funding for research. Federal funding for all kinds of science is at its lowest level in decades.Today on the show: when did the government start funding research at universities? And will massive cuts mean the end of universities as we know them?We hear from the man who first pushed the government to fund university research and we talk to the chancellor of a big research school, Washington University in St. Louis. He opens up his books to show us how his school gets funded and what it would mean if that funding went away.This episode is part of our series Pax Americana, about how the Trump administration and others are challenging a set of post-World War II policies that placed the U.S. at the center of the economic universe. Listen to our episode about the reign of the dollar.Find more Planet Money: Facebook / Instagram / TikTok / Our weekly Newsletter.Listen free at these links: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the NPR app or anywhere you get podcasts.Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy
Dr. Danielle Bailey, an Illinois native, has 15 years of clinical experience as a physical therapist. She is the owner of 360 PT and Wellness located in Plano, TX.In 2010, Dr. Danielle Bailey received her doctorate of physical therapy from Washington University in St. Louis and has also completed post-professional work in women's health at Texas Woman's University.Her passion for pelvic health was deeply inspired during the pregnancy of her first child, which led her to pursue this area of expertise within the physical therapy profession.Dr. Bailey now provides physical therapy services for individuals who experience common pelvic floor issues such as urine leakage, pain with intercourse, constipation, pelvic pain, pelvic organ prolapse, tailbone pain, diastasis recti, and pain during pregnancy and postpartum.As a clinician, Dr. Bailey's goal is to provide unparalleled quality healthcare by treating every one of her patients as a whole person, versus treating the symptom. This led her to also incorporate functional medicine in her practice to help serve her patients at a deeper level by helping them discover the root cause of their health conditions.The integration of pelvic floor therapy and functional medicine has been extremely monumental in helping her patients achieve optimal wellness. Through working with her patients on nutrition, lifestyle, and environment, many individuals have been able to fully eradicate their pelvic floor dysfunction and chronic ailments.Dr. Bailey is a wife and busy mom of four children. She enjoys spending time with her family, traveling, singing, watching a musical, and reading a good book.https://www.facebook.com/360ptwellnesshttps://www.instagram.com/360ptwellness/_________________________________________________________________________________________Come learn the Buff Muff Method www.buffmuff.comThank you so much for listening! I use fitness and movement to help women prevent and overcome pelvic floor challenges like incontinence and organ prolapse. There is help for women in all life stages! Every Woman Needs A Vagina Coach! Please make sure to LEAVE A REVIEW and SUBSCRIBE to the show for the best fitness and wellness advice south of your belly button. *******************I recommend checking out my comprehensive pelvic health education and fitness programs on my Buff Muff AppYou can also join my next 28 Day Buff Muff Challenge https://www.vaginacoach.com/buffmuffIf you are feeling social you can connect with me… On Facebook https://www.facebook.com/VagCoachOn Instagram https://www.instagram.com/vaginacoach/On Twitter https://twitter.com/VaginaCoachOn The Web www.vaginacoach.comGet your Feel Amazing Vaginal Moisturizer Here
I was hungry for language. And stories. And how to tell our stories. That's what this book gave me. But let's not make a Bible out of it.Today we meet Kris Kleindienst and we're talking about the queer book that saved her life: Diving Into The Wreck by Adrienne Rich.Kris is a 72-year old queer lesbian writer, bookseller, and activist. She owns Left Bank Books, a 56-year old progressive bookstore in St. Louis, Missouri. Kris edited a collection of activist essays titled This Is What Lesbian Looks Like: Dyke Activists Take on The 21st Century, published by Firebrand Press and winner of a Lambda Literary Award. She was a gold medal winning and 4-time participant in The Gay Games (also the co-founder of Team St. Louis). She has won multiple awards locally, regionally and nationally for my work with Left Bank Books. She is at work on a memoir about growing up in the 50s-60s with a Lesbian mother. Fun fact: She once got high with Armistead Maupin.Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972 was Adrienne Rich's seventh book of poetry, an anthology of poems described as provocative and which co-won the 1974 National Book Award for Poetry with Allen Ginsberg's The Fall of America. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) was an award-winning poet and essayist.Special Limited SeriesThis episode is part of a special limited series of episodes featuring only guests who are owners or staff at LGBTQ bookstores. Airing April-June 2025, these episodes will feature six bookstores across the United States and United Kingdom.Today's guest owns Left Bank Books. Opened in 1969 by a group of graduate students at Washington University who wanted to create a place where one could find all kinds of literature, Left Bank Books is the oldest and largest independently-owned full-line bookstore in St. Louis, Missouri. Open seven days a week, Left Bank Books offers a full-line of new and used books, gifts, cards, toys and services. Learn more and get shopping: left-bank.comConnect with Kriswebsite: left-bank.comfacebook: facebook.com/kleindienstBecome an Associate Producer!Become an Associate Producer of our podcast through a $20/month sponsorship on Patreon! A professionally recognized credit, you can gain access to Associate Producer meetings to help guide our podcast into the future! Get started today: patreon.com/thisqueerbookCreditsHost/Founder: John Parker (learn more about my name change)Executive Producer: Jim PoundsAssociate Producers: Archie Arnold, K Jason Bryan and David Rephan, Bob Bush, Natalie Cruz, Jonathan Fried, Paul Kaefer, Joe Perazzo, Bill Shay, and Sean SmithPatreon Subscribers: Stephen D., Terry D., Stephen Flamm, Ida Göteburg, Thomas Michna, and Gary Nygaard.Creative and Accounting support provided by: Gordy EricksonQuatrefoil LibraryQuatrefoil has created a curated lending library made up of the books featured on our podcast! If you can't buy these books, then borrow them! Link: https://libbyapp.com/library/quatrefoil/curated-1404336/page-1Join us in helping Lambda Literary raise $20k for The Writers Retreat for Emerging LGBTQ Voices to ensure all writers can attend. Donate here: http://bit.ly/3RjW51aSupport the show
We welcome to our microphones award-winning author, cultural critic and Washington University in St. Louis professor Gerald Early, whose new book "Play Harder: The Triumph of Black Baseball in America" is a sweeping chronicle of Black Americans' extraordinary influence on the game of baseball — from the sport's formative days in the wake of the Civil War, through the heyday of the Negro Leagues, to the modern era. A leading voice in the conversation about race, sports, and American identity, Early also served as an advisor to the National Baseball Hall of Fame's landmark new exhibit, Souls of the Game: Voices of Black Baseball. Together, the book and exhibit offer a timely and powerful retelling of baseball's past — one that acknowledges long-overlooked figures like Moses Fleetwood Walker, Rube Foster, and Cool Papa Bell, and reexamines well-known legends like Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, and Barry Bonds through a deeper historical lens. We discuss how Play Harder arrives at a moment of renewed focus on the Negro Leagues, as Major League Baseball officially recognizes them as major leagues and integrates their stats into the game's official record. Early explains why this recognition matters, how the Negro Leagues shaped Black identity and community, and what the story of Black baseball says about America itself. + + + SUPPORT THE SHOW: Buy Us a Coffee: https://ko-fi.com/goodseatsstillavailable "Good Seats" Merch: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/good-seats-still-avalable?ref_id=35106 BUY THE BOOK (AND SUPPORT THE SHOW!): "Play Harder: The Triumph of Black Baseball in America": https://amzn.to/4dzBmRj SPONSOR THANKS (AND SUPPORT THE SHOW!): Royal Retros (10% off promo code: SEATS): https://www.503-sports.com?aff=2 Old Fort Baseball Co. (15% off promo code: GOODSEATS): https://www.oldfortbaseballco.com/?ref=seats 417 Helmets (10% off promo code: GOODSEATS): https://417helmets.com/?wpam_id=3 Old School Shirts.com (10% off promo code: GOODSEATS): https://oldschoolshirts.com/goodseats Yinzylvania (20% off promo code: GOODSEATSSTILLAVAILABLE): https://yinzylvania.com/GOODSEATSSTILLAVAILABLE FIND AND FOLLOW: Linktree: https://linktr.ee/GoodSeatsStillAvailable Web: https://goodseatsstillavailable.com/ Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/goodseatsstillavailable.com X/Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoodSeatsStill YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@goodseatsstillavailable Threads: https://www.threads.net/@goodseatsstillavailable Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/goodseatsstillavailable/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GoodSeatsStillAvailable/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/good-seats-still-available/
GDP Script/ Top Stories for May 24th Publish Date: May 24th PRE-ROLL: From the BG AD Group Studio Welcome to the Gwinnett Daily Post Podcast. Today is Saturday, May 24th and Happy Birthday to Bob Dylan I’m Peyton Spurlock and here are your top stories presented by Gwinnett KIA Mall of Georgia. Annandale Village golf tournament raises $260K to support adults with disabilities Budget Cuts Close 20 Lake Lanier Recreational Sites Ahead Of Memorial Day Weekend Georgia Tech’s Manufacturing Extension Partnership Opens Regional Office at Gwinnett Chamber All of this and more is coming up on the Gwinnett Daily Post podcast, and if you are looking for community news, we encourage you to listen daily and subscribe! Break 1: 07.14.22 KIA MOG STORY 1: Annandale Village golf tournament raises $260K to support adults with disabilities Annandale Village, a Suwanee nonprofit supporting adults with developmental disabilities and brain injuries, raised over $260,000 at its 5th Annual Golf Tournament on May 5. Held at The Country Club of the South, the event honored supporter Noah Levy for his contributions, including the Ike Levy Memorial Fund and a successful $6 million capital campaign. The winning team included Tom Bevan, Chris Lyons, Paris Montgomery, and Angela Pittman. Proceeds will enhance Annandale’s care programs. Their next event, the Extra Mile 5K Walk/Run, is set for August 23 at Suwanee Town Center Park. Registration opens in June. STORY 2: Budget Cuts Close 20 Lake Lanier Recreational Sites Ahead Of Memorial Day Weekend A federal staffing shortage has forced the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to close 31 recreational sites across Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, including 20 at Lake Lanier, just before Memorial Day weekend. The closures sparked political blame, with Rep. Rich McCormick criticizing Democrats for blocking funding, while Senators Warnock and Ossoff pointed to cuts under the Trump administration. The Corps cited staffing issues and said closures will remain until resolved, urging visitors to check for updates. The closures impact popular areas like Lake Lanier, which draws over 10 million visitors annually. STORY 3: Georgia Tech’s Manufacturing Extension Partnership Opens Regional Office at Gwinnett Chamber The Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership (GaMEP) at Georgia Tech has opened a new office in Duluth, located within the Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce building. This move enhances access to GaMEP’s services for manufacturers and supply chain companies in the region. GaMEP, part of Georgia Tech’s Enterprise Innovation Institute, offers solutions in leadership, process improvement, and technology integration. Sharing space with organizations like Leadership Gwinnett and United Way, the office strengthens ties between industry, innovation, and education. Gwinnett, home to over 800 manufacturing firms, benefits from this addition to its economic development efforts. We have opportunities for sponsors to get great engagement on these shows. Call 770.874.3200 for more info. We’ll be right back Break 2: STORY 4: Norcross Hires New Economic Development Director Norcross celebrated Economic Development Week by appointing David Versel as its new economic development director. Versel, with over 20 years of experience across 250 communities in 30 states, brings expertise in collaborating with governments, developers, and corporations to foster balanced economies. Previously leading a national consulting practice, he has held leadership roles in Georgia, Virginia, and Maine. Versel, who holds degrees from Washington University and Georgia Tech, aims to drive growth in Norcross’s historic downtown, commercial corridors, and industrial areas. He resides in Alpharetta with his wife and four children. STORY 5: Hebron Christian Golfer Evan Rogers Repeats as State Champion Evan Rogers, a Hebron Christian senior, claimed his second consecutive state golf championship with an impressive 8-under 136 at the two-day event in Tennille. After a 2-under 70 on Monday, Rogers surged ahead with a 6-under 66 on Tuesday, finishing nine strokes ahead of runner-up Brody McQueen. Despite early-round challenges, Rogers stayed steady, racking up birdies and maintaining focus. Praised by his coach for his maturity, Rogers credited his success to staying composed and focused. He will continue his golf career at Tennessee-Chattanooga. Wesleyan placed 11th in the Private School boys tournament, led by Will Wazevich. Break 3: STORY 6: Angela Bassett enjoying 'Mission Impossible' return Angela Bassett returns to the "Mission Impossible" franchise this weekend in **"The Final Reckoning"**, now playing the President of the United States. Her character, Erika Sloane, faces tough decisions as an AI, The Entity, threatens global nuclear war. Bassett praised the role, calling it "powerful" and a thrilling addition to her career. The film continues the AI storyline from 2023’s "Dead Reckoning" and features callbacks to the franchise’s 30-year history. Meanwhile, Bassett’s husband, Courtney B. Vance, stars in the live-action **"Lilo and Stitch"**, also releasing this weekend. Bassett sees no competition, just excitement for both films’ success. STORY 7: Grayson QB Travis Burgess Commits to North Carolina Grayson quarterback Travis Burgess committed to the University of North Carolina and new head coach Bill Belichick on Wednesday. The 6-foot-5, 210-pound senior led the Rams to a Class AAAAAA (6) state championship, throwing for 2,225 yards, 23 touchdowns, and rushing for 596 yards with four scores. A three-star prospect, Burgess chose UNC over Auburn and NC State. We’ll have closing comments after this Break 4: Ingles Markets 5 Signoff – Thanks again for hanging out with us on today’s Gwinnett Daily Post Podcast. If you enjoy these shows, we encourage you to check out our other offerings, like the Cherokee Tribune Ledger podcast, the Marietta Daily Journal, or the Community Podcast for Rockdale Newton and Morgan Counties. Read more about all our stories and get other great content at www.gwinnettdailypost.com Did you know over 50% of Americans listen to podcasts weekly? Giving you important news about our community and telling great stories are what we do. Make sure you join us for our next episode and be sure to share this podcast on social media with your friends and family. Add us to your Alexa Flash Briefing or your Google Home Briefing and be sure to like, follow, and subscribe wherever you get your podcasts. Produced by the BG Podcast Network Show Sponsors: www.ingles-markets.com www.kiamallofga.com #NewsPodcast #CurrentEvents #TopHeadlines #BreakingNews #PodcastDiscussion #PodcastNews #InDepthAnalysis #NewsAnalysis #PodcastTrending #WorldNews #LocalNews #GlobalNews #PodcastInsights #NewsBrief #PodcastUpdate #NewsRoundup #WeeklyNews #DailyNews #PodcastInterviews #HotTopics #PodcastOpinions #InvestigativeJournalism #BehindTheHeadlines #PodcastMedia #NewsStories #PodcastReports #JournalismMatters #PodcastPerspectives #NewsCommentary #PodcastListeners #NewsPodcastCommunity #NewsSource #PodcastCuration #WorldAffairs #PodcastUpdates #AudioNews #PodcastJournalism #EmergingStories #NewsFlash #PodcastConversations See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In this episode of the PRS Global Open Keynotes podcast, Dr. Damini Tandon from Washington University discusses a framework for dealing with microaggression, macroaggression and gaslighting in the workplace. What are the best ways to deal with and grow from potentially negative interactions with colleagues and patients? This episode discusses the following PRS Global Open article: “Practicing Emotional Self-awareness to Build Surgeon Resilience” by Damini Tandon, Ruby L. Taylor, Christie Bialowas, Anna Rose Johnson, Jonah Orr, Abdullah Said, Kelly Currie, Marcie Feinmann, Clare H. Ridley and Susan E. Mackinnon. Read it for free on PRSGlobalOpen.com: https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2025/01000/practicing_emotional_self_awareness_to_build.75.aspx Dr. Tandon is the chief resident in the plastic surgery program at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri Your host, Dr. Damian Marucci, is a board-certified plastic surgeon and Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery at the University of Sydney in Australia. #PRSGlobalOpen; #KeynotesPodcast; #PlasticSurgery; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery- Global Open The views expressed by hosts and guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the official policies or positions of ASPS.
Figuring out if your multiple sclerosis is changing from the relapsing remitting to the secondary progressive stage can be murky. Signs of progression are discussed like slower walking and worsening memory. The underlying reasons for progression are revealed including nervous system injury, remyelination failure, chronic inflammation and aging. Practical ways to improve progressive symptoms are shared. Successful trials for disease-modifying therapy for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) are highlighted. Tolebrutinib, under expedited review by the FDA, has been shown to slow down progression in SPMS patients by targeting cells in the central nervous system causing chronic inflammation. Introducing our new co-host Jamie Holloman MD from The MS Center for Innovations in Care! Dr. Holloman completed in neurology residency at Washington University, followed by a 3-year fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic. He interviews: Christopher Laganke MD, Founder of the Joanne P. LaGanke MS Center, Cullman, Alabama Barry Singer MD, Director of The MS Center for Innovations in Care, Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St. Louis
After nearly three decades in corporate leadership, Ebony Williams found herself at a crossroads. She was successful on the outside, yet internally she felt unfulfilled and misaligned. In this episode, Ebony shares her faith-led journey to leave the perceived safety of her corporate career and launch Alignée Shift, a transformational coaching practice grounded in helping others align with their God-given purpose and identity.With wisdom rooted in Scripture and her life experiences, Ebony unpacks the spiritual signs of misalignment, the tension between comfort and calling, and the sacred process of discernment. She introduces her powerful A.L.I.G.N. framework: Assess, Liberate, Integrate, Guard, and Navigate. It is a powerful roadmap for those ready to courageously move from burnout to breakthrough and from comfort to calling.Whether you're feeling stuck, seeking clarity, or simply curious about what it means to live a life truly aligned with God's purpose, this conversation will encourage and equip you to take your next step with confidence and faith.More about Ebony:Ebony Williams is a leadership coach, speaker, and founder of Alignée Shift—a coaching brand dedicated to helping high-achieving women realign their lives and redefine success on their own terms. With over 25 years of experience in corporate leadership at AT&T, Ebony has built a legacy of empowering professionals through coaching, talent development, and diversity-centered leadership. As Associate Director of AT&T's Early Career Technology Development Program, she coached and mentored hundreds of emerging technologists, launched inclusive talent pipelines, and improved retention by creating culture-shifting evaluation and growth frameworks. Her national leadership in Diversity, Equity & Inclusion training impacted thousands of employees and inspired organizational change from the inside out. Now, through Alignée Shift, Ebony guides ambitious women in bridging the gap between external success and inner fulfillment. Her ALIGN Method™ offers a transformative framework for realignment—helping women reclaim their purpose, voice, and vision in both work and life. Ebony serves as Chapter Leader for the Women Empowering Women organization in North St. Louis County. She also serves on several committees dedicated to scholarships and mentoring youth. Ebony holds an MBA from Washington University in St. Louis, a Graduate Certificate in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion from Cornell University and multiple certifications in leadership and Agile methodologies. Whether she's coaching one-on-one, speaking on stage, or leading a workshop, Ebony's mission is clear: to empower women to lead with clarity, confidence, and inner alignment.Support the showTransforming the workplace one Bible study at a time - DONATE today! CONNECT WITH US:B-B-T.org | News | LinkedIn Biblical Business Training (“BBT”) equips busy, working people to grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ and empowers them in small-group Bible study settings to apply Biblical principles to their every day lives - especially in the workplace. BBT is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization which exists to help people develop their Christian “Faith for Work – Leadership for Life!”
Join guest host Chris Carril with guests Matt Blakely and Dr. Jeff Heaton as they discuss RGA's sustainability efforts, responsibility to its community and stakeholders, and leveraging AI to help in those efforts. Matt Blakely leads RGA's global philanthropic, volunteerism, and sustainability reporting efforts. Since joining RGA in 2020, Matt and his team have developed and executed enterprise strategies that have enhanced the company's environmental sustainability and corporate citizenship. As of 2024, more than 60% of RGA employees participate in volunteerism, philanthropy, or sustainability causes. Additionally, RGA offsets 90% of its 2023 Scope 1 and 2 emissions globally. Jeff Heaton, Vice President, AI Innovation, has over 23 years of experience in insurance underwriting, retrocession, and predictive analytics. He leads a team focused on fueling generative AI (GenAI) innovation across RGA, chairs the AI Council, and provides global advisory expertise on AI adoption. A recognized industry thought leader, Jeff publishes the RGA GenAI Quarterly Update and frequently speaks at SOA, GUAA, and IEEE events. He represents RGA as a board member of Washington University's Center for Analytics and Business Insights (CABI) and has contributed to academic and medical research.
The early part of this decade seemed like it might signify a realignment of the social and cultural power of Black Americans. But the realities of that power–and how it translates into meaningful justice and social change–are less clear, and perhaps less optimistic. Especially now in the second Trump era, where everything which does not perpetuate white power is treated as suspect and anti-American. To discuss the shifting dynamics and a path forward to meaningful change, we've asked Andre Perry onto the show. Andre is a senior fellow and director of the Center for Community Uplift at the Brookings Institution and a professor of practice of economics at Washington University in St. Louis. He is also nationally known and respected commentator on race, structural inequality, and education and the author of the new book “Black Power Scorecard: Measuring the Racial Gap and What We Can Do to Close It.”
Jason Rantz, host of The Jason Rantz Show on KTTH 770AM/94.5 FM in Seattle/Tacoma and author of What's Killing America, joined The Guy Benson Show today to discuss the unhinged protests at the University of Washington, where one far-left activist threw feces at a Riley Gaines event organizer. Rantz also sounded the alarm on Democrats in his state who are redirecting housing funds away from disabled U.S. citizens to benefit illegal immigrants, which demonstrates a clear pattern on where the priorities of Washington Democrats lie. Rantz also discussed Democrats proposing legislation to force Catholic priests to report confessions, and even looking to legalize ICE facility "inspections" like the one that recently occurred in New Jersey. Listen to the full interview below! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
What does it take to create and maintain one of the largest repositories of botanical information in the world? For starters, it can mean helicopter-ing into remote nooks of the Amazon, hiking through rough terrain, looking for strange fruits and flowers, and climbing trees to pluck specimens from the branches. Then there's all the science required to identify, classify, and codify those species. Botanists Lúcia Lohmann and Charlotte Taylor join Host Flora Lichtman to discuss their work discovering new plant species and maintaining the storied Missouri Botanical Garden.And, what does it mean to be a superfood? What is the science of micronutrient-dense foods like millet, which get less hype than foods like açaí, goji berries, and quinoa? Flora talks with biological engineer Kiruba Krishnaswamy, who puts food under a microscope—literally—and studies the nutrients that help make our bodies function, in hopes of harnessing them to fight hunger worldwide.Guests: Dr. Lúcia Lohmann, professor at Washington University in St. Louis, and president and director of the Missouri Botanical GardenDr. Charlotte Taylor, botanist and senior curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden Dr. Kiruba Krishnaswamy, assistant professor in the Colleges of Engineering and Agriculture at the University of MissouriTranscript will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.
Alexandra Gabriele Kaplan is the Founder and CEO of Kaplan Interpreting Services, a leading provider of certified medical and court interpreting services across the United States. With over 17 years of experience as a certified Spanish court interpreter, she is renowned for her precision in high-stakes environments, including courtrooms, hospitals, and corporate negotiations. In 2017, Alexandra founded Kaplan Interpreting Services, which now offers services in over 200 languages, supported by a global network of over 7,000 certified linguists. She holds a master's degree in healthcare administration from Washington University and is also an alumna of the Latino Business Action Network's business scaling program at Stanford University. In this episode… Running a business based on freelancers can feel like a juggling act — especially when you're also raising four kids. How do you manage a team of independent interpreters, serve critical healthcare and legal clients, and still preserve your family time? Alexandra Gabriele Kaplan answers this challenge by sharing the systems, mindset, and professional networks that allowed her to scale from solo interpreter to founder of Kaplan Interpreting Services. Drawing on her healthcare administration background, Alexandra highlights how she built trust with clients, vetted contractors, and responded with resilience during crises like COVID-19, all while maintaining personal balance. Her strategy of building strong relationships with both clients and interpreters has been key to her success, proving that clear communication and mutual respect are crucial in maintaining a well-functioning business ecosystem. Tune in to this episode of the Smart Business Revolution Podcast as John Corcoran interviews Alexandra Gabriele Kaplan, Founder and CEO of Kaplan Interpreting Services, about scaling a nationwide interpreting network. Alexandra discusses managing quality across languages, adapting during the pandemic, and the entrepreneurial programs that shaped her leadership. She also offers insights on building reputation, navigating AI disruption, and balancing work and family.
Caroline and Sabri Farouki, partners behind New Orleans-based studio Farouki Farouki, bring a personal and global perspective to their practice. Caroline grew up in Lafayette, Louisiana in a home designed by Louisiana architect A. Hays Town, known for pioneering reusing materials. Surrounded by antiques and architectural details, her passion for design started early. She studied architecture in college, but shifted to environmental studies with a minor in architecture before earning her master's in fine arts in interior design from the Savannah College of Art and Design.Sabri, born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, spent his formative years in Egypt, attending an American international school in Cairo. His exposure to varied cultural environments shaped his worldview of what design could be. After completing his undergraduate studies at Washington University in St. Louis, where he met Caroline, he went on to earn his master's of architecture from Columbia University in New York.The pair launched Farouki Farouki in 2015 after working at acclaimed firms like AvroKO, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Bjarke Ingels Group. Today, their firm balances architecture and interiors across a range of hospitality projects, including the recently opened Hotel Henrietta in New Orleans and the Hotel Indigo Grand Cayman.Thank you for listening! For more of our great interviews, find us at hospitalitydesign.com.
Host Courtney Manthey unpack the obstetric dilemma with Dr. Anna G. Warrener. Dr. Anna G. Warrener earned her PhD from Washington University in St. Louis in 2012. She is now an assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Colorado Denver. She specializes in human evolutionary biology, biomechanics, and the evolution of locomotion. Her research explores how skeletal morphology influences movement, with a particular focus on the biomechanics of the pelvis, gait, and bipedal efficiency. Through experimental and comparative approaches, Dr. Warrener investigates how evolutionary pressures have shaped human locomotion and what these adaptations reveal about our ancestors. She is also passionate about mentoring students and fostering interdisciplinary research that bridges anthropology, biology, and biomechanics. ------------------------------ Find the paper discussed in this episode: Warrener, A. (2023). The multifactor pelvis: An alternative to the adaptationist approach of the obstetrical dilemma. Evolutionary Anthropology, 32(5), 260-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21997 Warrener, A. (2024). Human lower limb muscle cross sectional area scales with positive allometry reflecting bipedal evolutionary history. Frontiers in Earth Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1301411 ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Courtney Manthey, Host, Website: holylaetoli.com/ E-mail: cpierce4@uccs.edu, Twitter: @HolyLaetoli Anahi Ruderman, SoS Co-Producer, HBA Junior Fellow E-mail: aniruderman@gmail.com, Twitter: @ani_ruderman
Dysfunction of the supranuclear ocular motor pathways typically causes highly localizable deficits. With sophisticated neuroimaging, it is critical to better understand structure-function relationships and precisely localize pathology within the brain. In this episode, Lyell K. Jones Jr, MD, FAAN, speaks with Gregory P. Van Stavern, MD, author of the article “Supranuclear Disorders of Eye Movements” in the Continuum® April 2025 Neuro-ophthalmology issue. Dr. Jones is the editor-in-chief of Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology® and is a professor of neurology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Van Stavern is the Robert C. Drews professor of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri. Additional Resources Read the article: Internuclear and Supranuclear Disorders of Eye Movements Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @LyellJ Full episode transcript available here Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. Today I'm interviewing Dr Gregory Van Stavern, who recently authored an article on intranuclear and supranuclear disorders of eye movements for our latest Continuum issue on neuro-ophthalmology. Dr Van Stavern is the Robert C Drews professor of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in Saint Louis. Dr Van Stavern, welcome, and thank you for joining us today. Why don't you introduce yourself to our audience? Dr Van Stavern: Hi, my name is Gregory Van Stavern. I'm a neuro-ophthalmologist located in Saint Louis, and I'm pleased to be on this show today. Dr Jones: We appreciate you being here, and obviously, any discussion of the visual system is worthwhile. The visual system is important. It's how most of us and most of our patients navigate the world. Roughly 40% of the brain---you can correct me if I'm wrong---is in some way assigned to our visual system. But it's not just about the sensory experience, right? The afferent visual processing. We also have motor systems of control that align our vision and allow us to accurately direct our vision to visual targets of interest. The circuitry is complex, which I think is intimidating to many of us. It's much easier to see a diagram of that than to describe it on a podcast. But I think this is a good opportunity for us to talk about the ocular motor exam and how it helps us localize lesions and, and better understand diagnoses for certain disorders. So, let's get right to it, Dr Van Stavern. If you had from your article, which is outstanding, a single most important message for our listeners about recognizing or treating patients with ocular motor disorders, what would that message be? Dr Van Stavern: Well, I think if we can basically zoom out a little to the big picture, I think it really emphasizes the continuing importance of the examination. History as well, but the examination. I was reading an article the other day that was essentially downplaying the importance of the physical examination in the modern era with modern imaging techniques and technology. But for neurology, and especially neuro-ophthalmology, the history and the examination should still drive clinical decision-making. And doing a careful assessment of the ocular motor system should be able to tell you exactly where the lesion is located, because it's very easy to order a brain MRI, but the MRI is, like Forrest Gump might say, it's like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're going to find. You may find a lot of things, but because you've done the history and the examination, you can see if whatever lesion is uncovered by the MRI is the lesion that explains what's going on with the patient. So even today, even with the most modern imaging techniques we have, it is still really important to know what you're looking for. And that's where the oculomotor examination can be very helpful. Dr Jones: I did not have Forrest Gump on my bingo card today, Dr Van Stavern, but that's a really good analogy, right? If you order the MRI, you don't know what you're going to get. And then- and if you don't have a really well-formed question, then sometimes you get misleading information, right? Dr Van Stavern: Exactly. Dr Jones: We'll get into some technology here in a minute, because I think that's relevant for this discussion. I think most of our listeners are going to agree with us that the exam is important in neuro-ophthalmology, and neurology broadly. So, I think you have some sympathetic listeners there. Again, the point of the exam is to localize and then lead to a diagnosis that we can help patients with. When you think about neurologic disorders where the ocular motor exam helps you get to the right diagnosis, obviously disorders of eye movements, but sometimes it's a clue to a broader neurologic syndrome. And you have some nice discussions in your article about the ocular motor clues to Parkinson disease or to progressive supranuclear palsy. Tell us a little more about that. In your practice, which neurologic disorders do you find the ocular motor exam being most helpful? Dr Van Stavern: Well, just a very brief digression. So, I started off being an ophthalmology resident, and I do two years of ophthalmology and then switch to neurology. And during neurology residency, I was debating which subspecialty to go into, and I realized that neuro-ophthalmology touches every other subspecialty in neurology. And it goes back to the fact that the visual system is so pervasive and widely distributed throughout the brain. So, if you have a neurologic disease, there is a very good chance it is going to affect vision, maybe in a minor way or a major way. That's why careful assessment of the visual system, and particularly the oculomotor system, is really helpful for many neurologic diseases. Neuromuscular disease, obviously, myasthenia gravis and certain myopathies affect the eye movements. Neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian conditions, often affect the eye movements. And in particular, when you're trying to differentiate, is this classic Parkinson's disease? Or is this progressive supranuclear palsy? Is it some broad spectrum multisystem atrophy? The differences between the eye movement disorders, even allowing for the fact that there's overlap, can really help point in one direction to the other, and again, prevent unnecessary testing, unnecessary treatment, and so on. Dr Jones: Very good. And I think, to follow on a thread from that concept with patients who have movement disorders, in my practice, seeing older patients who have a little bit of restriction of vertical gaze is not that uncommon. And it's more common in patients who have idiopathic Parkinson disease. And then we use that part of the exam to help us screen patients for other neurodegenerative syndromes like progressive nuclear- supranuclear palsy. So, do you have any tips for our listeners to- how to look at, maybe, vertical gaze and say, this is maybe a normal age-related degree of change. This is something that might suggest idiopathic Parkinson disease. Or maybe something a little more progressive and sinister like progressive super nuclear palsy? Dr Van Stavern: Well, I think part of the issue- and it's harder to do this without the visual aspect. One of my colleagues always likes to say for a neurologist, the eye movement exam begins and ends with the neurology benediction, just doing the sign of the cross and checking the eye movements. And that's a good place to start. But I think it's important to remember that all you're looking at is smooth pursuit and range of eye movements, and there's much more to the oculomotor examination than that. There's other aspects of eye movement. Looking at saccades can be really helpful; in particular, classically, saccadic movements are selectively abnormal in PSP versus Parkinson's with progressive supranuclear palsy. Saccades, which are essentially rapid movements of the eyes---up and down, in this case---are going to be affected in downward gaze. So, the patient is going to have more difficulty initiating downward saccades, slower saccades, and less range of movement of saccades in downgaze. Whereas in Parkinson's, it's classically upward eye movements and upgaze. So, I think that's something you won't be able to see if you're just doing, looking at, you know, your classic, look at your eye movements, which are just assessing, smooth pursuit. Looking carefully at the eye movements during fixation can be helpful. Another aspect of many parkinsonian conditions is saccadic intrusions, where there's quick movements or saccades of the eye that are interrupting fixation. Much, much more common in PSP than in Parkinson's disease. The saccadic intrusions are what we call square-wave jerks because of what they look like. Eye movement recordings are much larger amplitude in PSP and other multisystem atrophy diseases than with Parkinson's. And none of these are perfect differentiators, but the constellation of those findings, a patient with slow downwards saccades, very large amplitude, and frequent saccadic intrusions might point you more towards this being PSP rather than Parkinson's. Dr Jones: That's a great pearl, thinking about the saccades in addition to the smooth pursuit. So, thank you for that. And you mentioned eye movement measurements. I think it's simultaneously impressive and a little scary that my phone can tell when I'm looking at it within a few degrees of visual attention. So, I imagine there are automated tools to analyze eye movement. Tell us, what's the state of the art there, and what should our listeners be aware of in terms of tools that are available and what they can and can't do? Dr Van Stavern: Well, I could tell you, I mean, I see neuro-ophthalmic patients with eye movement disorders every day and we do not have any automated tools for eye movement. We have a ton of imaging techniques for imaging the optic nerve and the retina in different ways, but we don't routinely employ eye movement recording devices. The only time we usually do that is in somebody where we suspect they have a central or peripheral vestibular disease and we send them for vestibular testing, for eye movement recordings. There is interest in using- I know, again, sort of another digression, but if you're looking at the HINTS technique, which is described in the chapter to differentiate central from peripheral disease, which is a very easy, useful way to differentiate central from peripheral or peripheral vestibular disease. And again, in the acute setting, is this a stroke or not a stroke? Is it the brain or is it the inner ear? Part of the problem is that if you're deploying this widespread, the people who are doing it may not be sufficiently good enough at doing the test to differentiate, is a positive or negative test? And that's where some people have started introducing this into the emergency room, these eye movement recording devices, to give the- using, potentially, AI and algorithms to help the emergency room physicians say, all right, this looks like a stroke, we need to admit the patient, get an MRI and so on, versus, this is vestibular neuritis or an inner ear problem, treat them symptomatically, follow up as an outpatient. That has not yet been widely employed. It's a similar way that a lot of institutions are having fundus photography and OCT devices placed in the emergency room to aid the emergency room physician for patients who present with acute vision issues. So, I think that could be the future. It probably would be something that would be AI-assisted or AI-driven. But I can tell you at least at our institution and most of the ones I know of, it is not routinely employed yet. Dr Jones: So maybe on the horizon, AI kind of facilitated tools for eye movement disorder interpretation, but it's not ready for prime time yet. Is that a fair summary? Dr Van Stavern: In my opinion, yes. Dr Jones: Good to know. This has struck me every time I've read about ocular motor anatomy and ocular motor disorders, whether they're supranuclear or intranuclear disorders. The anatomy is complex, the circuitry is very complicated. Which means I learn it and then I forget it and then I relearn it. But some of the anatomy isn't even fully understood yet. This is a very complex real estate in the brainstem. Why do you think the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy is not fully clarified yet? And is there anything on the horizon that might clarify some of this anatomy? Dr Van Stavern: The very first time I encountered this topic as an ophthalmology resident and later as a neurology resident, I just couldn't understand how anyone could really understand all of the circuitry involved. And there is a lot of circuitry that is involved in us simply having clear, single binocular vision with the afferent and efferent system working in concert. Even in arch. In my chapter, when you look at the anatomy and physiology of the smooth pursuit system or the vertical gaze pathways, there's a lot of, I'll admit it, there's a lot of hand waving and we don't completely understand it. I think a lot of it has to do with, in the old days, a lot of the anatomy was based on lesions, you know, lesion this area either experimentally or clinically. And that's how you would determine, this is what this region of the brain is responsible for. Although we've gotten more sophisticated with better imaging, with functional connectivity MRI and so on, all of those have limitations. And that's why I still don't think we completely understand all the way this information is integrated and synthesized, and, to get even more big level and esoteric, how this makes its way into our conscious mind. And that has to do with self-awareness and consciousness, which is a whole other kettle of fish. It's just really complicated. I think when I'm at least talking to other neurologists and residents, I try to keep it as simple as possible from a clinical standpoint. If you see someone with an eye movement problem, try to see if you can localize it to which level you're dealing with. Is it a muscle problem? Is it neuromuscular junction? Is it nerve? Is it nucleus? Is it supranuclear? If you can put it at even one of those two levels, you have eliminated huge territories of neurologic real estate, and that will definitely help you target and tailor your workup. So, again, you're not costing the patient in the healthcare system hundreds of thousands of dollars. Dr Jones: Great points in there. And I think, you know, if we can't get it down to the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, if we can get it to the brainstem, I think that's obviously- that's helpful in its own right. And I imagine, Dr Van Stavern, managing patients with persistent ocular motor disorders is a challenge. We take foveation for granted, right, when we can create these single cortical images. And I imagine it's important for daily function and difficult for patients who lose that ability to maintain their ocular alignment. What are some of the clinical tools that you use in your practice that our listeners should be aware of to help patients that have a persistent supranuclear disorder of ocular movement? Dr Van Stavern: Well, I think you tailor your treatment to the symptoms, and if it's directly due to underlying condition, obviously you treat the underlying condition. If they have sixth nerve palsy because of a skull base tumor, obviously you treat the skull base tumor. But from a practical standpoint, I think it depends on what the symptom is, what's causing it, and how much it's affecting their quality of life. And everyone is really different. Some patients have higher levels of tolerance for blurred vision and double vision. For things- for patients who have double vision, depending upon the underlying cause we can sometimes use prisms and glasses. Prisms are simply- a lot of people just think prism is this, like, mystical word that means a lot. It's simply just an optical device that bends light. So, it essentially bends light to allow the eyes- basically, the image to fall on the fovea in both eyes. And whether the prisms help or not is partly dependent upon how large the misalignment is. If somebody has a large degree of misalignment, you're not going to fix that with prism. The amount of prism you'd need to bend the light enough to land on the fovea in both eyes would cause so much blur and distortion that it would essentially be a glorified patch. So, for small ranges of misalignment, prisms are often very helpful, that we can paste over glasses or grind into glasses. For larger degrees of misalignment that- let's say it is due to some skull base tumor or brain stem lesion that is not going to get better, then eye muscle surgery is a very effective option. We usually like to give people a long enough period of time to make sure there's no change before proceeding with eye muscle surgery. Dr Jones: Very helpful. So, prisms will help to a limited extent with misalignment, and then surgery is always an option if it's persistent. That's a good pearl for, I think, our listeners to take away. Dr Van Stavern: And even in those circumstances, even prisms and eye muscle surgery, the goal is primarily to cause single binocular vision and primary gaze at near. Even in those cases, even with the best results, patients are still going to have double vision, eccentric gaze. For most people, that's not a big issue, but we have had a few patients… I had a couple of patients who were truck drivers who were really bothered by the fact that when they look to the left, let's say because it's a 4th nerve palsy on the right, they have double vision. I had a patient who was a golfer who was really, really unhappy with that. Most people are okay with that, but it all depends upon the individual patient and what they use their vision for. Dr Jones: That's a great point. There's not enough neurologists in the world. I know for a fact there are not enough neuro-ophthalmologists in the world, right? There's just not many people that have that dual expertise. You mentioned that you started with ophthalmology and then did neurology training. What do you think the pipeline looks like for neuro-ophthalmology? Do you see growing interest in this among trainees, or unchanged? What are your thoughts about that? Dr Van Stavern: No, that's a continuing discussion we're having within our own field about how to attract more residents into neuro-ophthalmology. And there's been a huge shift. In the past, this was primarily ophthalmology-driven. Most neuro-ophthalmologists were trained in ophthalmology initially before doing a fellowship. The last twenty years, it switched. Now there's an almost 50/50 division between neurologists and ophthalmologists, as more neurologists have become more interested. This is probably a topic more for the ophthalmology equivalent of Continuum. One of the perceptions is this is not a surgical subspecialty, so a lot of ophthalmology residents are disincentivized to pursue it. So, we have tried to change that. You can do neuro-ophthalmology and do eye muscle surgery or general ophthalmology. I think it really depends upon whether you have exposure to a neuro-ophthalmologist during your neurology residency. If you do not have any exposure to neuro-ophthalmology, this field will always seem mysterious, a huge black box, something intimidating, and something that is not appealing to a neurologist. I and most of my colleagues make sure to include neurology residents in our clinic so they at least have exposure to it. Dr Jones: That's a great point. If you never see it, it's hard to envision yourself in that practice. So, a little bit of a self-fulfilling prophecy. If you don't have neuro-ophthalmologists, it's hard to expose that practice to trainees. Dr Van Stavern: And we're also trying; I mean, we make sure to include medical students, bring them to our meetings, present research to try to get them interested in this field at a very early stage. Dr Jones: Dr Van Stavern, great discussion, very helpful. I want to thank you for joining us today. I want to thank you for not just a great podcast, but also just a wonderful article on ocular motor disorders, supranuclear and intranuclear. I learned a lot, and hopefully our listeners did too. Dr Van Stavern: Well, thanks. I really appreciate doing this. And I love Continuum. I learn something new every time I get another issue. Dr Jones: Well, thanks for reading it. And I'll tell you as the editor of Continuum, I learn a lot reading these articles. So, it's really a joy to get to read, up to the minute, cutting-edge clinical content for neurology. Again, we've been speaking with Dr Gregory Van Stavern, author of a fantastic article on intranuclear and supranuclear disorders of eye movements in Continuum's most recent issue on neuro-ophthalmology. Please check it out, and thank you to our listeners for joining today. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
In the new book “Play Harder: The Triumph of Black Baseball in America,” Washington University professor Gerald Early traces the powerful impact of Black Americans on the game from the post-Civil War era to today. Written in collaboration with the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the book highlights pivotal figures, defining moments, and the lasting influence of Black players.
In Episode #113 of Geeks of the Valley, we sat down with Rob Hadick, General Partner at Dragonfly, a leading $2.5bn crypto-focused global investment firm. We explore the seismic shifts in the VC ecosystem, from the rise of trade-sale exits to the resilience of certain sub-sectors like Layer 2 protocols and real-world-asset platforms. A focal point of our discussion is Ripple's landmark $1.25 billion acquisition of Hidden Road, where Rob dissects its implications for bridging institutional finance with native-crypto infrastructure. Along the way, Rob shares lessons he's learned underwriting tokenized assets, supporting portfolio companies through volatility, and spotting early signals of talent migration in an increasingly global industry. Whether you're an institutional investor seeking to understand new exit dynamics or a founder navigating the crypto VC landscape, this conversation offers a comprehensive roadmap to the future of digital-asset investing.Since 2017, Dragonfly has been at the forefront of blockchain and crypto innovation with a long-term oriented, technical, and research-driven approach, having been early backers of some of the most influential protocols and companies in the industry, including 1inch, Avalanche, Bitget, Bybit, Compound, DyDx, Ethena, Hidden Road, Matter Labs, Monad, Near, Optimism, Polygon, Ribbon and ZK Sync. Rob focuses on companies and protocols that are innovating at the bleeding edge of centralized and decentralized finance, payments, money, and digital asset infrastructure.Previously, Rob led multi-stage public and private investing into crypto protocols and companies at GoldenTree Asset Management ("GTAM"), a ~$50bn multi-strategy hedge fund. Prior to GTAM, Rob invested in and advised fintech, technology, and crypto companies while at Heritage Partners, Goldman Sachs, and PJT Partners. He holds an MBA from Columbia Business School, where he was co-founder of the Columbia Blockchain Club, and a Bachelor's in Economics and Political Science from Washington University in St. Louis.LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-hadickWebsite: https://www.dragonfly.xyz
In Hour 1 of the Marc Cox Morning Show, Marc and Kim St. Onge break down President Trump's diplomatic trip to Saudi Arabia and the broader implications of his China trade deal negotiations. They also explore efforts to reduce prescription drug prices, including industry pushback and examples of pricing disparities. The hour wraps with local stories—from police staffing issues in St. Louis and vandalism in Holly Hills to the Missouri State Highway Patrol's stealth patrol cars and a Tesla vandalism case involving a Washington University analyst.
I recently spoke with Brian Eufinger of Edison Prep. Brian graduated with honors from Washington University in St. Louis in May 2004 and a Healthcare MBA in 2006. He serves as a founding board member of the National Test Prep Association and is an Associate member of the Independent Educational Consultants Association. More recently, he represents Edison Prep in a consortium of four tutoring companies that created Assessiv, an online digital SAT practice platform that Edison Prep students and students nationwide use. In our conversation, Brian and I discussed: Why, in many situations, “Test-Optional” is a lie How test scores can result in tens of thousands of dollars in merit aid How Brian supplemented merit aid with private scholarships The opportunity cost of failing to prepare for standardized tests and applying for scholarships Why GPA is ‘sacred' Merit Aid Grids - the easy-to-use, free website to find out how much your student can receive in scholarships based on their GPA and test score And much more… To connect with Brian and learn about their approach to SAT and ACT Prep, and to get a special discount, click here: https://edisonprep.com/scholarshipgps/ ---------- If your child is turning 18, whether they are going away to college or remaining at home, please consider getting a Power of Attorney in place. You can use my discount code, ScholarshipCoach, to take 20% off the total price at Mama Bear Legal Forms: https://www.mamabearlegalforms.com/youngadult?oid=1&affid=44 ---------- Start your scholarship journey this summer with the Scholarship Summer Camp. Your student will learn the skills needed for scholarship success by applying for real scholarships, including a $35,000 scholarship capstone project! Every Monday through Thursday, a new, pre-recorded lesson will be released. On Thursday evenings, we will be live (but recorded for future viewing), discussing the week's lessons and taking Q&A. This online program provides both on-demand and live learning opportunities. Best of all your student will apply for real scholarships during the course of the camp! In fact, your student will apply for scholarships offering more than $40,000 in potential winnings! The Scholarship Summer Camp starts June 2, 2025, and runs for 6 weeks. Here's an overview of what will be covered each week: Week 1: The Basics: The tools, documents, and resources you need for scholarship success. Week 2: Your Personal Narrative: Learn how to build your Personal Narrative, a key component for scholarship success. Week 3: Finding The Right Scholarships For You: Learn where to look and how to determine which scholarships are the best ones to apply for. Week 4: Why Do You Deserve To Win This Scholarship? (Apply for a Real Scholarship This Week!) Week 5: Topical Scholarships (Apply for Another Real Scholarship This Week!) Week 6: $35,000 Capstone Scholarship Project! The Scholarship Summer Camp is for high school students in the Classes of 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029. Click here to register today: https://www.scholarshipgps.com/summercamp ---------- This Week's Featured Scholarships: Jane Austen Society of North America Essay Contests $10,000 Maude and Alexander Hadden Scholarship Scholarship $1000 Stand Up to Distracted Driving Scholarship $1000 Bow Seat Ocean Awareness Contest Weekender: $1000 No Essay Scholarship ---------- Subscribe to our free newsletter, Your Daily Scholarship, here: https://nodebtcollege.substack.com/
Episode No. 705 features curators Dalila Scruggs and Catherine Morris, and artist Beatriz Cortez. With Mary Lee Corlett, Scruggs and Morris are the co-curators of "Elizabeth Catlett: A Black Revolutionary Artist" at the National Gallery of Art, Washington. The exhibition surveys Catlett's career across over 150 sculptures, prints, paintings, and drawings. The exhibition is on view through July 6. An exceptional exhibition catalogue, titled Elizabeth Catlett: A Black Revolutionary Artist and All That It Implies was published by the The University of Chicago Press, the NGA and the Brooklyn Museum, which originated the exhibition. It is available from Amazon and Bookshop for $56-60. Catlett was a feminist, activist, and radical who helped join the Black Left in the US to influences from the Mexican Revolution. Her work continued the practice of earlier US artists such as Thomas Cole, Frederic Church, and Carleton Watkins by using cultural production to advance ideas and ideologies. Cortez is featured in "Seeds: Containers of a World to Come" at the Kemper Art Museum, Washington University in St. Louis. The exhibition features work by ten artists whose research-driven practices are informed by inquiry into plant-human-land relations. "Seeds" was curated by Meredith Malone and Svea Braeunert, and remains on view through July 28. The exhibition brochure is available here. "Beatriz Cortez x rafa esparza: Earth and Cosmos" is at the Americas Society, New York through May 17. The show considers the idea of ancient objects traveling across space and time. Cortez's work explores simultaneity, life in different temporalities, and imaginaries of the future. She has been featured in solo exhibitions at Storm King Art Center, New Windsor, NY,; the Williams College Museum of Art; Clockshop, Los Angeles; and more. Instagram: Catherine Janet Morris, Beatriz Cortez, Tyler Green.
Professor Jen Heemstra, Chair of the Chemistry Department at Washington University, shares her remarkable journey from being told she wasn't “good enough” for science to leading in academia. This conversation explores navigating failure, building inclusive and psychologically safe academic spaces, and why leadership roles in academia are often misunderstood. Insights from her upcoming book, Lab Work to Leadership, offer actionable strategies for thriving as a leader in science. This discussion provides valuable lessons on mentorship, resilience, and creating positive change in academic culture.
Tazeen M. Ali (she/her) is assistant professor of Religion and Politics at Washington University in St. Louis. Her research and teaching focus on Islam and gender, US Islam, and race and religion in America. She is the author of The Women's Mosque of America: Authority & Community in US Islam (NYU Press, 2022). She has also published in Religion & Politics (now ARC Mag), The Conversation, The Maydan, and Middle East Eye. Ali is currently writing her second book, Muslims on Screen: Racism and Sexuality in Anglo-American Islam, which analyzes entertainment media projects produced by British and American Muslims. She also serves on the advisory board of the National Museum of American Religion. Ali earned her PhD in Religious Studies from Boston University in 2019. Visit Tazeen Ali Visit Classical Ideas Visit Sacred Writes
We kicked off the program with four news stories and different guests on the stories we think you need to know about!Michelle Steinberg, National Fire Protection Association-wildfire division director joined Dan to discuss Wildfire Community Preparedness Day, Coming up May 3rd. 48 million homes in the U.S. at high risk of wildfire - easy steps to protect homes and communities from wildfire destruction.Gerald Early, Professor of Modern Letters in the African and African American Studies Department at Washington University and Author of "PLAY HARDER: The Triumph of Black Baseball in America - how Black Americans have shaped baseball." stopped by.Mike Deehan – Axios Boston Reporter checked in to discuss MBTA will use cameras to crack down on parking in bus stops and bus lanes.Caroline Cory - Mental Health Expert &Co-Author of "The Silent Pandemic". Why Teen Anxiety Is Skyrocketing and How Early Energy Work Could Save Lives.Listen to WBZ NewsRadio on the NEW iHeart Radio app and be sure to set WBZ NewsRadio as your #1 preset!
In this episode, Shuvangi Poudyal and Chandra Dev Bhatta engage in a thoughtful discussion on the evolution of Nepali civil society—from its pivotal role in democratic movements to its present-day entanglements with political power, funding constraints, and growing public distrust. Drawing from Bhatta's research and recent discourse, the conversation explores the blurred lines between activism and partisanship, the influence of donor agendas, and the need for more inclusive, accountable, and locally grounded civil society frameworks in a federal Nepal.Chandra Dev Bhatta is a political scientist whose work spans research, teaching, and public commentary on Nepali politics, geopolitics, and South Asian affairs. A former research fellow at the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at Washington University in St. Louis, he has explored themes such as the rise and fall of national service in Nepal.
Autism spectrum disorder can be found in 2.2% of the population, but for women and girls, as well as many adults, autism is a diagnosis that is often missed. We look into who is underdiagnosed and why — and how our conceptions of autism and neurodivergence are changing. As Trump's health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. portrays autism as a “tragedy,” we'll talk about ways in which many people with autism are living and thriving. Guests: Mary HK Choi, author and editor, she recently wrote The Cut article "I Was Diagnosed With Autism in My 40s. It Gave Me a Lot of Answers." Holden Thorp, editor-in-chief, Science family of journals; Thorp is the former provost of Washington University and prior to that was chancellor at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His recent guest essay in the New York Times is titled "I Was Diagnosed with Autism at 53. I Know Why Rates Are Rising." Christine Wu Nordahl, professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis; Nordahl is the Director of the Autism Phenome Project and the Beneto Foundation Endowed Chair at the MIND Institute Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Strong leadership is born not from control, but from authentic community and the cultivation of people and teams. Nathan Hatch, former president of Wake Forest University and esteemed historian, joins Mark Labberton to reflect on the nature of transformative leadership. Drawing from his decades of experience at Notre Dame and Wake Forest—and from his new book, The Gift of Transformative Leaders—Hatch explores how leaders cultivate thriving institutions through humility, vision, and empowerment. Hatch shares his personal journey from growing up in a Presbyterian home to leading major universities, while reflecting on the comomunity, character, instincts, and freedom required for lasting institutional impact. Episode Highlights "Organizations aren't self-generating—you bet on people, not on strategy." "Organizations are best served when you have a team of like-minded people, each using their own strengths." "Leadership has to flow out of who you are authentically—you can't try to be someone else." "If you have exceptional people, it takes management of a different form—it's collaboration." "Leadership is not about control but about strength: hiring strong people is harder, but it's transformative." "People read your real meanings, not your words—authenticity is the heart of leadership." Helpful Links & Resources The Gift of Transformative Leaders, by Nathan Hatch University of Notre Dame Wake Forest University Jim Collins - Good to Great About Nathan Hatch Dr. Nathan O. Hatch is President Emeritus of Wake Forest University and one of America's leading scholars of religion and higher education. Prior to his presidency at Wake Forest (2005–2021), Hatch served as provost at the University of Notre Dame. His groundbreaking scholarship in American religious history includes The Democratization of American Christianity, and his latest book is The Gift of Transformative Leaders. Hatch is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and continues to speak and write on leadership, higher education, and culture. Show Notes Raised in a Christian home; son of a Presbyterian minister and teacher Influenced early by history teacher and work experiences in Cabrini Green, Chicago Studied at Wheaton College, Washington University in St. Louis, and Johns Hopkins University Became an unlikely but successful historian at the University of Notre Dame Leadership philosophy shaped by early experiences with supportive professional teams and deep community and friendship How did the past come to change and create the world we live in? Transitioned from historian to administrator, balancing scholarship and administration Provost at Notre Dame: emphasized empowering faculty through development and resources President at Wake Forest: built strong leadership teams, expanded institutional vision Reflections on Father Theodore Hesburgh's visionary leadership at Notre Dame “Organizations aren't self-generating. … [it takes] a vision and leader.” "Leadership must be authentic; it must come out of who you are." The transformative impact of great leadership teams over hierarchical control Importance of raising institutional aspirations and empowering individuals to flourish "Hiring strong people makes the leader stronger, not weaker." Nathan Hatch's book, The Gift of Transformative Leaders Profiles 13 leaders who exemplify commitment, character, and institution-building Focus on people-centric leadership: authenticity, humility, vision Leaders described as radiating positivity, cultivating others, and advancing institutional missions Catholic and Protestant institutional differences in faith expression Creating inclusive religious life in pluralistic academic communities Investing in character education through initiatives like Wake Forest's scholarship programs Building culture: "Noticing people, investing in them, seeing their potential." “How do we help young people live their life?” Identifying and empowering exceptional talent Embracing unconventional hiring practices Building thriving, collaborative, life-giving teams Cultivating environments where people pursue a common good Navigating faculty-administration relationships with authenticity and transparency Facing organizational financial challenges without losing people-first priorities Leadership in contexts with limited resources: raising people's potential Authenticity and empathy are foundational to leadership Humility and commitment to the common good are non-negotiable Leaders must genuinely invest in the flourishing of others Institutions are transformed not by structures alone but by transformative people Production Credits Conversing is produced and distributed in partnership with Comment Magazine and Fuller Seminary.
Show Notes: Rebecca Hollander-Blumoff shares her journey from college to law school. After deferring her law school for a year, she spent a year in Spain to gain language and cultural experience. She then went to law school in Cambridge and clerked for a federal judge in New York before going into practice. Rebecca was initially interested in becoming a federal prosecutor but realized she first had to go into practice. She worked for a small boutique litigation firm that did about 60% white collar criminal defense and about 40% civil litigation. While she loved being a counselor to her clients, and a person who a client could call, day in, day out, she found the law firm's hierarchy unappealing. The Psychology of Negotiation, a PhD., and Teaching Rebecca decided to pursue a PhD in Social Psychology to study the psychology of negotiation. She talks about negotiation in law, and she began taking classes in NYU's master's program and eventually obtained a PhD in Social Psychology with a dissertation on procedural justice in negotiation. She taught in the lawyering program at NYU and was an adjunct at Seton Hall in New Jersey teaching negotiation. After obtaining her PhD, she went on the job market for academia; she got a position at Washington University in Saint Louis. Rebecca has been teaching at Washington University in Saint Louis since 2006. She teaches various core classes, including civil procedure, federal courts, law and psychology, negotiation, negotiation for executive education, and has also developed a course in women's leadership and negotiation. She has worked for groups like the Brookings Institution and the Rodel Institute. Women's Negotiation and Navigating Stereotypes Rebecca's approach to teaching women's negotiation is not about focusing on gender differences but rather on understanding the research that informs her approach. She believes that women need to be armed with knowledge about the effects of gender, culture, and race on negotiation. This knowledge can help them navigate through stereotypes and roadblocks that may arise in negotiations. In her classes, she also discusses the research that is relevant to everyone, not just women, and mentions the issue of different perceptions of men and women in and on negotiations, and how behavior of men and women is perceived differently. The discussion also touches on the misconception that some people are born good negotiators and others are bad at it. This is a misconception that can hinder effective negotiation. The best way to think about negotiation is as an experience that can be prepared for and analyzed from both structural and interpersonal perspectives. This involves considering possibilities, actions to take if negotiations don't work out, and the interpersonal elements present. Negotiation and Problem-solving Rebecca mentions that negotiation is often seen as adversarial, but it is actually more about strategically problem-solving to increase the size of the pie and generate low-cost but high-value outcomes for both parties. Examples of negotiations that are not adversarial include family law, business contracts, and reputational effects. Negotiations can have broader implications, as people may still be in each other's lives after the negotiation. The key piece that students often overlook is the relational aspect of negotiations. In negotiations, parties are not in front of a judge, and the outcome must be decent for both parties. For example, in a negotiation for a new salary or project, one person has all the power, but the decision by fiat can lead to less positive results over time, less employee retention, and less positive feelings about the project. In real-world situations, negotiations can have other elements and dimensions available. Lawyers should question their assumptions and think about the best end goal for their clients. They should also consider the potential negative consequences of their actions and the impact on their reputation and business relationships. Negotiations in Practice The conversation turns to the dynamic between attorneys and clients in family law negotiations. Research has shown that when lawyers experience fairness in negotiation, they are more likely to recommend the agreed-upon outcome to their clients, believing it forms the basis for a better long-term agreement. However, the client is not in the room, and the lawyer may manipulate the client's desire for fair process and present things differently to the client based on what they think might happen. This can lead to a gap between what the lawyer is experiencing and what the client is experiencing. Research by a professor at UC Davis has found that one of the most desirable forms of dispute resolution for regular people is negotiation by their lawyer while the client is present in the room. This could reduce the dissonance between the lawyer and the client, potentially leading to better negotiation outcomes. A Year in Madrid Rebecca recounts her experience in Madrid after college, where she lived with a family for most of the year, a difficult but interesting experience. She studied at the Complutense University, where she participated in a Hispanic studies program, which taught history, language, grammar, and art in Spanish. The program was an international one, and the students from around the world were taught in Spanish. Despite the initial loneliness and lack of familiarity, Rebecca found it fascinating and eventually moved into an apartment with friends. She found that Madrid was a large city, but not warm and fuzzy, and it was a great place to live. A Passionate and Adventurous Baker Rebecca is a passionate baker She enjoys sharing her creative side with her students, who are always happy when she bakes for them. In her home life, she has three boys and two nephews who live nearby, making the house full of baked good eaters. Baking provides a time to disconnect from the stress of professional life and connect with the world through the act of baking. One of her favorite projects was when she baked 12 cakes of Christmas based on the 12 days of Christmas. She also used cooking as a project to open her children's horizons to different cultures and ideas, especially when her kids were younger. They would research a country and make a whole meal of that country's cuisine, usually with a baked dessert. One of her favorite baked goods is a Kringle, made from an Estonian recipe. Her oldest child also fell in love with the Mongolian beef patty, a dish made from a dough of flour and water wrapped around ground beef. Influential Harvard Professors and Courses Rebecca took Justice as a freshman and ironically found it to be one of her least favorite classes. However, she enjoyed her classes in the history and literature concentration. She also took a phenomenal French literature class and enjoyed a class on modern poetry, which she likens to the study of law, as every word and construction has a reason or purpose. Timestamps: 06:11: Transition to Academia and Negotiation Research 10:12: Teaching Women's Negotiation and Gender Dynamics 18:08: Negotiation Skills for Law Students 26:12: Relational Aspects of Negotiation 31:08: Consulting and Baking Passion 41:23: Personal Reflections and Cultural Experiences 44:22: Influence of Harvard Classes and Professors Links: Author Page for Rebecca E. Hollander-Blumoff :: SSRN Instagram: @rebeccahollanderblumoff X: https://x.com/rhollblum Blue Sky: @rhollblum.bsky.social. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebecca-hollander-blumoff-475636270/ Work: https://law.washu.edu/faculty-staff-directory/profile/rebecca-hollander-blumoff/ Book: https://www.amazon.ca/Research-Handbook-Psychology-Rebecca-Hollander-blumoff/dp/1800881916 Featured Non-profit: The featured non-profit of this episode of The 92 Report is recommended by Elaine Lum MacDonald who reports: “Hi, I'm Elaine Lum McDonald, class of 1992. The featured nonprofit of this episode of The 92 report is SV2. Silicon Valley Social Venture Fund. SV2 is a community committed to accelerating equity in the Bay Area through grant making to local nonprofits, impact investing in local and global entrepreneurs and immersive learning experiences. I am proud to have been a member of this organization since 2021 and I'm currently serving on the board. I love SV2 because it is truly innovative in two ways. First, it's equity based practices, including putting grantees and investees on the board and its trust based philanthropy practices. And secondly, because of its focus on creating impact across the capital spectrum, from donations to investments. You can learn more about their work at SV2.org and now here is Will Bachmann with this week's episode.” To learn more about their work, visit: SV2.org.
James Ojascastro is an origamist, papermaker, and botanist, with a Ph.D. in ethnobotany from Washington University in St. Louis in collaboration with the Missouri BotanicalGarden. Ojascastro employs a combination of methods – including fiber trait measurements, experimental papermaking, species distribution modeling, andsemistructured interviews – to explore the history, biogeography, and conservation of papermaking traditions (especially of Nepal and Vietnam) through a botanical lens. Outside of academia, Ojascastro uses his researchbackground to guide and inform what plants and which processes will yield paper suitable for origami art.
Tova Friedman was just six years old when she walked out of Auschwitz. Now, 80 years later, Tova is devoted to speaking about her experiences as a child survivor of the Holocaust and being vocal about the threat of antisemitism. She knows how easily a society can transition from burning books to burning people, and she is determined to ensure that never happens again. Tova speaks to audiences worldwide–in person and on the social media platform TikTok, where she has amassed over half a million followers. Listen to Tova's harrowing, miraculous testimony of survival, as part of a live recording at the Weizmann National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia, in partnership with AJC Philadelphia/Southern New Jersey. Lisa Marlowe, director of the Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center (HAMEC), joined us to discuss the museum's mission to bring Holocaust survivors to schools, the importance of teaching history through eyewitness accounts, and the significance of preserving stories of righteous individuals like her Danish great-grandmother, who saved thousands of Jews during WWII. *The views and opinions expressed by guests do not necessarily reflect the views or position of AJC. Photo credit: Christopher Brown Resources: -About Tova Friedman and TovaTok -Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center (HAMEC) -AJC Philadelphia/Southern New Jersey Listen – AJC Podcasts: -The Forgotten Exodus: Untold stories of Jews who left or were driven from Arab nations and Iran -People of the Pod Follow People of the Pod on your favorite podcast app, and learn more at AJC.org/PeopleofthePod You can reach us at: peopleofthepod@ajc.org If you've appreciated this episode, please be sure to tell your friends, and rate and review us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Transcript of Interview with Tova Friedman and Lise Marlowe: Manya Brachear Pashman: Yom HaShoah, Israel's Holocaust Remembrance Day, begins on the evening of April 23. To mark this remembrance, our broadcast this week features our recent live event at the Weitzman National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia. There I had a conversation with Lise Marlowe, of the Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center in suburban Philadelphia and author and Holocaust survivor Tova Friedman. __ Thank you to all of you for being here today to participate in a live recording of People of the Pod, American Jewish Committee's weekly podcast about global affairs through a Jewish lens. I'm your host, Manya Brachear Pashman. Down here on this end is Lise Marlowe, our partner and organizer of this wonderful event. She is the program and Outreach Director of the Holocaust awareness Museum and Education Center, otherwise known as HAMC in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, which is just outside here in Philadelphia. She is also a long time teacher who has come up with some quite innovative ways to teach Holocaust history to middle school students. But before we begin and get to all of that, I do want to turn to Lisa for a few minutes. If you could just tell us a little bit about HAMC. What is it? Because we are in a different museum venue now. Lise Marlowe: Thank you Manya, and thank you everyone for being here today. So HAMC is America's first Holocaust Museum, which started in 1961 by Holocaust survivor named Jacob Riz, who lost 83 family members to the Nazis. Our Museum's mission is to bring Holocaust survivors to schools and organizations. We believe it's important to give students the opportunity to learn history through an eyewitness. When we host a school program, we tell students that they are the last generation to meet a survivor, and once they hear a survivor's story, it becomes their story to tell. It also becomes their responsibility to speak up and stand up to the Holocaust deniers of the world and to say, I know you're lying because I met a survivor. It's not easy for our survivors to tell their story, but they want to honor the family they lost. And to make sure students know what happened so history hopefully doesn't repeat itself. Hearing about the rise of antisemitism, seeing hate towards other groups, can bring trauma to our survivors, but our survivors teach students that there are things we can do to stand up to hate. We can remember that words matter, kindness matters, that we can support and help each other when bad things happen. The Holocaust did not begin with concentration camps. It began with words. Our museum brings hundreds of programs all over the world, so please reach out to us at HAMC.org. Because we believe education is stronger than hate. We find that students are inspired by the messages our survivors tell them, which is to not hate others. Even though they lost everything. Their families, their property, their identity, their childhood, they teach students that hate can only destroy yourself. Manya Brachear Pashman: Thank you so much, Lise. I met some of Lise's former students who are here in the audience today. You have some really remarkable ways of teaching Holocaust history so that it sticks. I would like to get into that a little bit later. And you also have your own family story to share, and we'll learn more about that later, as she is one of our two guests on today's podcast. You see, there are three pieces to our podcast today, including the traditional format of a conversation with our guests, which will come later, and then your opportunity to ask questions. But to really comprehend what we discuss, you must first hear the powerful story that our guest of honor, the woman next to me, Tova Friedman, one of the youngest people to emerge from Auschwitz, the Nazi's concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland. You must hear her story first. Tova has worked tirelessly to share her story in every format possible, to reach the widest audience. In addition to telling her story in person, at venues such as this, she worked with a journalist to produce an accurate and comprehensive memoir, and next month, a young adult version of that memoir will be released. She's worked with her grandson, Aaron, a student at Washington University, to share portions of her story on Tiktok on a channel called TovaTok, that has about 522,000 followers, and she is here today to reach our podcast listeners. And you. After her presentation, Tova will have a seat once again, and we'll continue the conversation. But right now, it is my honor to turn the mic over to Tova Friedman:. Tova Friedman: Thank you. I have no notes and I can't sit because I'm a walker. You know, I think better when I walk. I think better on my feet. Let me tell you, a few months ago, I was in Poland. I was invited as a speaker to the 80th commemoration of Auschwitz liberation. Five years ago, I was there also–75th. And there were 120 Holocaust survivors there with their families and their friends from Auschwitz. This time there were 17 [survivors], and we'll have no more commemoration. We're done. People, the lucky people, are dying from old age. You know, they're, or they're Florida, or they're gone, okay, they're not available. So what's scary is that many young people will not meet a survivor, and they will be told in colleges and high schools, probably it never happened. It's an exaggeration. You know, the Jews. They want everybody to be sorry for them. That will happen. And that's been happening here and there to my grandchildren. Right now, I've got eight grandchildren, but two are in colleges, and one is in Cornell. And I got the saddest phone call on Earth. To me it's sad. He got a beautiful Jewish star when we went to Israel. He called me to ask me if he should wear it inside, hidden, or if he should wear it outside. That's so symbolic. And I said to him, do you want to be a visible Jew, or do you want to be a hidden Jew? Do what you want. I will not criticize you. I know that life is changed from when I went to college. America is different, and I'm just so upset and unhappy that you, at age 18-19, have to go through that. One of my grandkids had to leave the dormitory because of the absolute terrible antisemitism. She is in McGill in Canada, and she has to live by herself in an apartment because even her Jewish friends stopped talking to her. So what kind of a world are we living in? Extraordinarily scary, as far as I'm concerned. That's why I talk. You can hear my voice. I talk as much as I can for a number of reasons. First, I talk in order for those people who were murdered, million and a half children, some of the faces I still remember, and a total 6 million Jews, they cannot be forgotten. They cannot be forgotten. This is such a wonderful place here that I hear you have classes and you have survivors talking to kids. You take them to schools. I think it's fabulous, but you got to do it fast, because there's just not many of us going to be here for a long time. So one thing is memory. The other reason I speak is a warning. I really feel that this world is again turning against us. We have been scapegoats all through history. Books have been written. Why? Why this? Why that? Why this? Why that? I can't figure out why. They're jealous, we feel with the chosen people. Oh, my God, it goes on and on. But why us? It started 2000 years ago. So I'm here to remember, so that all those people didn't just die and became ashes. But we're living in a world where we have to be aware. We have to be aware. You heard statistics that were scary. You know, I didn't even know some of the statistics. That Jews are stopping to use their Jewish last name when they make reservations somewhere? In America.? You know, I remember when I walked out from Auschwitz with my mother. My mother survived, and I'll take you back and just give me a certain amount of time. What happened? She said to me, remember I was exactly six and a half years old. And I do, I remember. And one of the reasons I remember is because my mother was a big talker. Talker just like I am. I inherited it from her. She would tell me everything. We were in all kinds of conditions. And I'd say, Mom, what is that? She says, Yeah, that's the smoke, people are being burned. She didn't say, you know, Oh, it's nothing. Don't worry about it. No, no, no, no. She talked and she talked as long as I was with her, until we were separated. That's why my memory is so sharp, and I always tell the younger generation: stop texting and start talking. Texting, you won't remember anything. It doesn't go into your brain. When somebody talks to you, you will never forget. When your mom or dad says things to you, you will remember them. If they text it to you, it lasts a few minutes and it's gone. So that's why I remember so much. My mother lost 150 people. She was the only survivor of Auschwitz. The only survivor, brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, all gone, and she died very young. She died at 45. Her war never ended. Her Auschwitz, she brought with her to America because she just couldn't get over it. My father lost about all his brothers and sisters except two, and he was able to handle life a little bit better, but she wasn't. In my town, there were hundreds of Jewish children at the end of the war. There were five left. Five. I'm the youngest. That's why I'm still here talking. Two have died, and one is in her 90s, and she doesn't talk much anymore. So I feel like I'm representing an entire town that's gone, just gone. A town that had synagogues and they had football and they had a very vibrant town. Where my mother was a young woman. She was studying. My father was an actor, a singer, and a tailor, so he should have some money, but they were all functioning. It's all gone. When I went to visit, because I took my grandchildren so they can see, there was no sign the Jews even were there. It's like we disappeared. My memory of the war starts when I was four, not so much before. My parents lived in a very modern town. And because they left the shtetl, my mother wasn't interested in all the religious and the sheitles, and you know, the wigs people used to wear, which, by the way, my daughter now is wearing a wig, which is sort of strange, right? And they went to live a modern life. As soon as Kristallnacht came, he knew right away that this is not a place for him. And what do you do when you're scared? You go home, you go to your parents. So my mother and father, I was one year old, went back to their parents' home. What did they find there? That they were already in a ghetto. Now, I remember the ghetto at the age of four, there were lots and lots of people in a tiny apartment, no running water, no bathrooms, no food, no room. So I was under the table. All my memories were under the table. And I knew things that were going on. How did I know? Because I heard it. You know, a kid at four, four and a half, people make mistakes. The children don't know. Children know everything. They may not be able to verbalize it, but they know. And I knew what was the issue. I knew that they killed children and that I have to be under the table. I knew that. I knew that my grandparents are going to die soon. I heard it. I heard my father talking. I heard my mother talking. I heard the other people talking in the apartment in Yiddish. I still remember the words, oh, they name it. They're taking the elderly. They're taking this. Well, one day they came in, they took my grandmother, and they shot her, right outside our window, you know, took her outside. You know what's amazing when I think about this? Because I've tried to get some perspective. I've always tried to figure out, how did that happen? Why? How is it possible? Hitler was brilliant, and if he wasn't brilliant, he had brilliant people helping him. Idiots could not have done what he did. They were educated people. He had therapists. He had a nutritionist. And you know what they said, break up the family, and you will break up people. People die when their family is killed, they die sometimes physically, sometimes emotionally. Listen, I'm a grandmother. I have eight grandchildren. I know what it means to be a grandmother in my role, and I'm sure many of you feel the same way. So they took away the elderly. One day, my father comes in, and he says to my mother, I just put them on the truck. I know what he meant. I was exactly four and a half because I was standing by a table. I could tell my size. The table went up to my chin, and I knew that there were because the day before these people in their 20s and 30s, they were the strong guys. They dug graves for their own parents. We, the Jews, dug graves for our children and our parents. You know when the Nuremberg Trials came, some of the guys said, we didn't do anything. We never killed any…you know why? Because they used us to kill our own people. So that time, my father told my mother what was going on. He was sitting, his tears were coming down. And I could picture it, because, by the way, whatever I tell you, multiply by hundreds. This was a template, you know, like you have a template on a computer, you just fill in the name and everything is the same. You can fill in all kinds. You apply for a job. There is a special way. That's what happened. The Germans when they came to a town, they didn't have to think what happened. They had the piece of paper, kill the elderly, kill the children, as soon as possible. So I knew. I knew exactly what was going on. I knew that my grandparents were gone, my father's parents, my mother's mother was killed. Her my grandpa died before the war from some disease. He was very lucky. So here we are. One day. I had this uncle, James. He was a German Jew. He spoke a perfect German. So he thought, look at our minds. He thought, he speaks German. He's going to volunteer. He didn't have working papers, and he was scared to die. His wife, my aunt, she had working papers. So he went to the Gestapo, and he said, I'll be your translator. I speak a perfect German. I was born in German. And they shot him on the spot. So I remember he used to come and visit us. I sat on his lap one day. My father said, you won't go to see Uncle James anymore. He's not coming back. I didn't say anything. I know he was dead. I didn't know how he was dead. So the reason I'm telling you all the different things is because this happened in every other ghetto. We were living 16,000 Jews in 250 apartments, and we couldn't go in, and we couldn't get out, except certain people who had privileges. They had working papers, they had special papers. They could go out. That's how the smuggling started. Also, certain people could go out, bring some food, because we were starving. We were starving to such a point. You know why? Because the nutritionist, the PhD, the best nutritionist in Germany, told Hitler how much to feed us in order to die. You want them to die in two months? Give them that much bread. You want them to die in two weeks? Give them that. My town, which was called Tomaszow Mazowiecki, has no Jews anymore. I just wanted to mention the name because my family was there for 200 years, because the Poles in the beginning were very good to the Jews. They wanted the Jews because we were good business people. Every time the Jews were there, the place thrived. There were close to 100 tailor shops in town, all Jewish. So how could you go wrong? They brought business from everywhere. But now, of course, there isn't anybody. And slowly, all those people were sent to Treblinka. There were left about 50-60, people, my parents, I among them. There were very few kids left. And we were the cleanup squad. Not only did my father had to dig the graves, I don't think my mother did. My father, dig the graves, but afterwards you have to clean up. You can't leave a town so dirty because they wanted to leave no witnesses. Hitler had an order all the way from Berlin, no witnesses. That's another reason he killed the children. Kids can grow up and be a witness like me, and that was very dangerous for him. Because, you know, it's interesting from the psychological point of view, no matter what atrocities he and his people did, in the back of their mind, they were afraid of the consequences. They were afraid of consequences. That's why you leave no witnesses. But at that time, my father buried people and he said Kaddish. I didn't know what Kaddish was. I didn't know what being Jewish was. I don't remember any Jewish holidays. I knew that being Jewish means death, but I wasn't sure what that meant, Juden. What is this Juden business? But look at four and a half. I wasn't going to think about it. Anyhow, they moved the camp. We cleaned it up. We came to the next camp, and the next camp was the labor camp. Only work. We worked for more, not me, my parents did, and I want to tell you something about that. Slowly they did the same exact thing they did in every other camp. People were taken away. The moment you were sick, the moment you were tired, straight into some camp. One day, I heard, I heard– my mother told me, I didn't hear anything. She said they're taking the children, whoever, whatever, there were very few children left, maybe 20-30–we've got to hide you. And she hid me in like a crawl space, like they had these tiles or something. I don't know it was tile, something. And she put me in there, and she followed me, just the two of us, my father didn't get in there. And she put me on her lap, I remember. And she put her hands on my mouth. I shouldn't scream. I remember it was so tight that for weeks I had blue marks right here. And from the little window, I see where all my friends that I was playing with outside, because my parents were gone a whole day, I was outside with the other kids, put on trucks, but I knew where they were going. They were going to the place where the big graves were dug for them. So anyhow, when my mother said, we have to hide, we were there for maybe an hour or two. After it was all done, the kids were gone. We went up downstairs in a little room. She said, from now on, you can no longer be on the street. Okay, so I couldn't go out. I stayed in the dark room for a few weeks. It's another story, but one day I remember, and she came every day from work, she gave me food, and I slept with my parents. Because they were in the room with me. One day, she said, Oh, you don't have to go to the room anymore. I was delighted. I said, I don't have to? No, you can go outside. I haven't been outside for weeks, and I saw she was sort of packing, moving things. We had so few things. I said, What are you doing? She says, We're packing. We're going to Auschwitz. Again, they had, you know, cleaned up the ghetto. The place was called Starachowice. It was a Polish place. Had a town next to it even, and people who lived around, the non Jews, knew what was going on. They all knew, because there was always a town nearby. There was also a town near Auschwitz. Auschwitz, people lived a normal life there. So anyhow, I knew. I said, Auschwitz. We're going to Auschwitz, okay? I didn't care. I was so happy that I was outside. Within a very short time, we started walking. The train was waiting. My parents were separated. That's the first time. We were always together. My father was crying, and I remember I was little, so my mother picked me up, because I don't know if anybody of you either have been either to Auschwitz or to New York City. They have the cattle car by the museum, right outside, right. You saw the cattle car and it's that high, very hard to get on it. So she had to pick me up. She put me in and my father said, Be a good girl. I said, Yeah, I'll be a good girl. And he went to another cattle car. I was with my mother, and then a 36 hour drive began, no food, no no food and no drink, very hot, because they were all women. 150 women, and no bathrooms. And I remember, I said, Mom, I have to go. I have to go. She didn't answer me. And then I said to myself, Oh, I know everybody's going where they're standing. I think that that was a dividing line between being human and being inhuman. We're all dressed like normal kids. I had braids, you know, when we walked out, we were all covered with feces, because everybody was going everywhere. And many people had died, and I am outside standing watching all this going on, and my mother says to me, Get undressed. And I said, why? It was about July, August. It was summertime. Why? She said to me, they want to check if we're healthy. So I, very obedient, by the way, very, very. My mother taught me rules, and I'll tell you about the rules. So I took off my clothes, and she said, don't look at the eyes of the dogs. Don't look at anybody's eyes, because these the Germans came with their dogs. And When I was by myself, in the in the labor camp, she also taught me, because I was alone, never have eye contact. She said, eye contact will make you recognize and when you see a dog stand still, which is counterintuitive. I was frightened, terrified of the dogs more than of the Germans, but she said, the dogs will think that you're running away, and they are trained to kill when somebody's trying to run away. So in other words, she always trained me how to be self sufficient, how to recognize danger and what to do with it. So eye contact is pure danger, and running is pure danger. So I learned very, very easily how to do that. So when I'm there, I'm standing very still, the dogs are passing by. And then I say, what's the smell, it stinks here. I said, it stinks. She pointed to the crematorium. They were taking the burning bodies from the gas chamber, and it was all black, and you could smell it. And you know what? She didn't have to say anymore. I knew it. So I remember saying, Mom, how do I look? How do I look? And she said, Oh, you look good. I said, Am I healthy? She said, Yeah, you're very healthy. I said, what about you? Oh, I'm healthy too. She said. And somehow we made it. I tried to find out. I wrote a book together with a researcher. He tried to research. He lives in England. What happened that day? Every child under the age of 12 or 13 was taken straight to the crematorium. We're useless. Old people, pregnant people, sick people. What is old, 50 and over, because you can't work. Even in Auschwitz, you had to work. Even when you waited for your death, there was some job they gave you. So that you had to be healthy, at least. Anyhow, I don't really know. I was told that we arrived on a Sunday, and Sunday they were the Germans were Christians, so they didn't want to open another crematorium. They had four going. They didn't want the fifth. That's somehow how I and my mother survived. My whole transport, not just me. We were all, you know, a bunch of people. We went to another room. They shaved my head. I remember that very well, because they picked me up and I was, I was quite small, so they picked me up, put me on a bench, and the woman did my hair. And she herself, and I couldn't find my mother, and they gave me some clothes, because they've taken my clothes by the train. And then she found me, and then she took my hand, and we followed a whole bunch of people into Auschwitz proper. This was outside of Auschwitz before you were like, ready, and so you went inside. We got a middle bed, and then she started teaching me again. She said, you know, there'll be a lot of people here sleeping. More women, so when you're asleep, you can't move around so much, because then everybody else has to move. Okay. And I said, What about if I have to go to the bathroom? She says, No, you can't. That was a terrible thing for me as a child. I had to hold it, because they had it twice a day to the bathroom. And then she said, Look, you're going to get a cup. I didn't get it yet. We were going to be getting a cup, a tin cup, a spoon and a bowl. If tyou lose it, and if somebody steals it, you'll go hungry and you'll die. She said, they don't look at you. You take out the bowl. Somebody gives you something to eat. Nobody touched it, by the way. I was so aware of it. I just want to go a little fast forward, because I need your questions. I need to know what you want to know. And then one of the things I told you is bathroom for kids. It was hard for me to hold it. Well one day, we were all on line, and I really had to go. So I went in front of the line, and I was in such a hurry that I fell. The way the bathrooms were, I don't know if anybody's been to Auschwitz. The slabs of the boards. It was big, gigantic holes. The holes were like, maybe this size. My grandkids, who are, one of them is 6”2, got the privilege, because of me, to try out those bathrooms. He sat on it and he said, Grandma, I don't know how you didn't of course, you fell in. He said, It's too big for me. I fell inside. And of course, they got me out and they hosed me down, but I must have picked up some kind of a bug. There were rats there, there were feces up to here. And I got very sick, but I knew that sickness meant death, so I was very careful not to tell anybody, but that somebody saw me, and they said, this child, this child is ill. And they were so scared of illness, because illness meant death immediately. Because every morning they came, they picked up the dead, the sick, on one of those three wheel things. Wheelbarrow, wheelbarrow, to the crematorium. So I was afraid to be one of them. And then somebody said she's sick. She's going to infect all of us. They picked me up. I don't remember much about that, because I was really ill, and they took me to one of those places, a hospital, without doctors. When I woke up, I must have had fever, they told me no more. You can't go back to your mother. And that's when they took me to the children's place. For the first time, I saw so many children, I never knew they even existed, and they tattooed me. I remember. They said, Oh, your name is such and such. No, it's 27,633. And the woman said, Say it. Say it. I couldn't say it. I don't know what numbers were. Never went to school, but she was so kind. She taught me. She said it again. She said, just say the words, say the words. And I did it, and I learned. And she gave me a rag with cold water. She said, press it hard. Don't rub. It'll swell. I was there just about towards the end of the war. But one day, I got a package and it said, Happy sixth birthday. I'm six. I didn't know it. I said, Oh, my mother must be somewhere, and she's alive, because she gave me a package. It was a piece of bread, but I was going to save it until I'm dead. I imagine there's a little girl I'm going to be dying, dying, dying, like everybody is dying, but I won't, because I'll take that piece of bread and I'll eat it. I didn't know anything about bread getting stale. I know nothing about bread, so I remember keeping it here, just like that, because it was on a piece of string. In the middle of the night, rats came, ate up everything, tore my clothing, but they didn't touch me. Miracle. There were a number of miracles that, I should have been dead. All I can tell you is, within a few weeks, something weird was going on at Auschwitz. I did not know. Terrible noise, terrible shooting. Dogs were barking, and the person who was in charge of us, it was always a kapo, an adult woman, was gone. The door was open, but we didn't dare open the door. We heard the dogs outside, and shooting. We were frightened and we were hungry. There wasn't even the little bit that we got every day, even that wasn't there. And all of a sudden, the door opens, and my mother–I didn't know it was my mother–a woman comes in full of rags. She looks terrible. She looks around. Nobody's saying a word. She looks around, she looks around, she comes over to me, and she looks at me, and she bends down like on her knees a little bit. She says my name, and she says, You don't know me. I'm your mother. I thought to myself, my mother, she doesn't look like my mother. I only saw my mother six, seven months earlier, but she didn't look anything like it. She just looked just, I can't even describe it. But she convinced me and listen to what she said. She looked at me. She said, You look like you can survive. Look at me. Her feet were swollen, and she said, listen, we're going to try to hide. We will either survive together or die together. What do you think? I said, I want to be with you. I don't care what. She takes my hand and we snuck, we didn't even have to sneak out because the door was open, but the other kids refused to leave. We were all so frightened, but somehow we got out. She's walking. She's walking. Outside the dogs are barking. It's terrible. We're walking very close to the barracks, and she comes to a house, door. She walks. She must have had a plan. I didn't know that. And it's a hospital without doctors. All these people are screaming and crying and she goes from bed to bed. She touches everybody. I don't ask a question. And I'm wondering, why is she doing that? She found a corpse that she liked. It was a corpse of a young woman, maybe twenty, now I look back at it to me, she was an adult, in the 20s, nice, nice looking woman who must have just died because she was warm. So she could manipulate her body. I remember my mother took off my shoes, picked me up, and she said, Listen, don't breathe. I'm going to cover you up. No matter what you hear–because she knew I couldn't see anything–what you hear don't get uncovered. Try to breathe into the ground. She takes my face, she puts it towards the floor, and she manipulates my body, and she puts me very close to the corpse, and then she covers it up, and outside, you only see the head of the woman who died, and her hands, and her hands are holding like the blanket, so you can't see. All of a sudden, I can hear screaming and yelling. I don't move. I obey orders. And I can hear steps. I remember the steps, and somebody stopped, and I say to myself, Oh, I'm going to stop breathing. I stopped breathing. I was afraid that the blanket would move. Well, I just couldn't anymore. The person walked away, and then screaming and yelling went on, I didn't move. And all of a sudden I smelled smoke, and I said, How can I not get uncovered? In the beginning, I still breathed very shallow, but I couldn't. And I said, I'll have to get uncovered to get air. And then all of a sudden, my mother pulls the blanket off me and says in Yiddish, they're gone. The Germans are gone. And she must have hidden with another corpse. And when I sit up in the bed, all these people have been hiding with other corpses. And in order to get out, they were pushing the corpses off the beds, so the corpses were flying everywhere, you know, while the people who were hidden under the corpses. So she says to me, come. I couldn't find my shoes, so I walked without and she takes my hand, and we were all walking. It was January 25, 1945. Germans have all gone. Taken with them, 50,000 people. Other people were just dying everywhere, and the Russians had not come yet. The Russians came two days later. So we had two days inside the camp, without anybody, without the Germans. And we waited until they came, but there was electrified still. We couldn't get out. There was electricity everywhere. So we waited till the Russians came. And while we were standing by the barbed wires, I saw all these soldiers jump off trucks, and they were doing something with electricity. Then they could open the doors. And it was January 27 the liberation of Auschwitz, where children, whoever was left, was left. But many were in the process of dying, and you couldn't stop it. Hundreds and hundreds of people died while the Russians were there, because you couldn't stop whatever they had, you know. And I remember, the Russians said, show us your number. Some kids were standing there. There's a picture of it, and I'm standing in front showing my number. And I'm talking for all the kids who didn't make it to that day. So thank you for listening. Did I take too much time? I'm sorry. Manya Brachear Pashman: I don't think you can take too much time sharing that story. I know that there's so much more to share. So many miracles, Tova. Tova Friedman: Yes. Manya Brachear Pashman: You have spent most of your adult life sharing your story to advance Holocaust education, and I'm curious what was the catalyst for that? Did someone ask you to share your story? Tova Friedman: I tried to talk to people when I came to America. Because my teachers, I could read. I didn't go to school till I was 12. So I wanted to tell them why, but nobody heard me. Nobody cared. Nobody wanted to talk about it. But one day, when my oldest daughter was 15, she said to me, they're looking for a Holocaust survivor in school. Can you come to my class? That's how I started. Manya Brachear Pashman: And then your grandson, many years later, introduced you to this thing called Tiktok, right? Tova Friedman: I didn't know what Tiktok was because my daughter worked for a candy company called Tic Tac. You know the Tic Tac that you eat, the little white things that you have, like they make noise and stuff. So that's her company. Well, it's not her. She works for them. So I said to my son, what would a candy company be interested in the Holocaust? It's the same word. In fact, I still don't know the difference. Tik tok? Tic Tac? Manya Brachear Pashman: Tic Tacs. Tova Friedman: Tic Tac and TikTok? Manya Brachear Pashman: Yes. Right, that's what you're on, TikTok. Tova Friedman: A refugee is always a refugee. So he said to me, we had Shabbos dinner in his house, and he said, Can you give me two minutes? I said, Of course. He said, Just tell me something about yourself. Two minutes, because the people who are going to hear it have a two minute span. They can't listen to more than two minutes. I said, What should I say? Anything? Okay, my name and two minutes. Goes very quickly. And then all of a sudden, a half hour later, he said, people are interested. I said, what people? He said, on this. I said, on what? You have a phone in your hand. What are they, who? And that's how it started. He first explained to me the system, what it means, and he got questions. He said, Would you like to answer the questions? I said, Who's asking? You know, I mean, I'm not in the generation of social media. I don't even have Facebook. I don't know any of that stuff. So he explained to me, he taught me, and he's very good at it. He's a wonderful guy. He's now 20. He's at WashU. And he became the person who's going to try to keep it going. Manya Brachear Pashman: Well, your presence on Tiktok is really this wonderful, really, very innovative way of reaching people, of reaching young people, Jewish and non-Jewish. Tova Friedman: Right. Manya Brachear Pashman: Lisa, you've come up with some unusual ways to reach young people. You were a middle school teacher until two years ago. Is that right? But you had this project where you had your students draw stick figures, and this was more than two decades ago when you started this. Can you tell us a little bit about the stick figures, which is like the polar opposite of Tiktok, but just as innovative? Lise Marlowe: So when I started teaching the Holocaust, and the first thing you say is 6 million Jews were murdered just for being Jewish, I realized the number did not shock students. I mean, it was sad, and they were empathetic, but the number 6 million…when we think about this generation and our sports heroes and our celebrities making millions of dollars, 6 million didn't sound like a big number. So at the time, I just had students take out a piece of paper and draw 20 stick figures across the paper. And to keep doing that for five minutes to see how many we could draw in five minutes. And my class, on the average, could draw, almost all of our elementary schools and middle schools in five minutes time, thousands of stick figures in five minutes time. And then the next day, when I went to my lesson, I'm teaching the Hitler's rise to power, one of my students stopped me and said, Wait, Mrs. Marlowe, aren't we going to draw stick figures? And I said, What do you mean? And she said, Well, I went home and I talked to my grandmother, and the other students were jealous that we're drawing stick figures. And I think if we get together, my church and all of our friends, we pull together, I think we can draw 6 million. Tova Friedman: Wow. Lise Marlowe: And I said, you want to do this? And she said, Yes, I want to do that. So it warms my heart that every year I had hundreds and hundreds of students drawing stick figures, mostly not Jewish students. We are in a very diverse community in Shawnee school district, one of the most diverse in the state, mostly students of color, and I had them handing me in 1000s of stick figures every week, it covered our whole entire gym floor. And when I retired, sadly, we did not get to all the children, because we know 1.5 million children were murdered. There was 1.6 million children to start with, and that means 94% of all the Jewish children were murdered in Europe, and we did not reach that milestone. And that shows that 6 million is a big number. And I have students like, you know, they're in their 30s and 40s now, who will always stop me on the street and say, did you get to 6 million. They always remember that's that project, and I have to, sadly tell them, we didn't even finish the children. Manya Brachear Pashman: Tova, I would say that teaching is your side gig, right? You certainly have done so much to advance education, but professionally, you're a therapist, and I'm curious if your experience, your lived experience, has informed how you communicate with your patients? Tova Friedman: I think it does. You know, to me, time has been always of essence. Time is the only thing we have. Money comes and goes. You look at the stock market. Tight now, it goes. Sometimes it goes up, sometimes it goes down. Time is the only thing. Once you lose it, it's done. So when I get a therapist, that's how I always thought, because timing to me, like, how many people just died that didn't have the time, like those 6 million people that you drew. And the children, how much they could have accomplished, had they had time, right? Time was taken from them. So when I get a client, the first thing I say, listen, we're not going to be here forever. We're not going to sit and talk about your parents and your grandparents. Five years from now, you'll be able to maybe. No, it's going to be time-limited, and it's going to be quick. And you have to accept my style, or there's so many people who love having you for 10 years. I need 10 weeks or less. That means that their goals, you accomplish them. I'm a little tough, and I say I'm not going to hold your hand, even if I could. I can't anymore because of COVID and because a lot of it is on Zoom. But even when I had them in my office, I said, I will not be a therapist who's going to sympathize, sympathize, sympathize. I'll sympathize for five minutes, then we're going to work. And a lot of people will say to me, Oh, that's exactly what I needed, somebody to really push me a little bit. I said, Yeah, but that's the way it's going to be. And others say, Wow, you're a mean person. I don't want to want to be here. I said, there are hundreds of other therapists. So yes, Holocaust has taught me, eat it fast, or somebody else will take it. I'm sorry, but also that's one thing. But let's talk about the good things. This is good too, but. My degree was in gerontology, because Hitler was, that's the most vulnerable in our society. You know, the elderly become alcoholics. Loneliness is among the elderly, financial issues. You know, loneliness is a killer. And I worked with the elderly to help them. I felt that's, that's the people that are sort of redundant. So that's where I worked with. I did it for years. And then I went to other age groups. I feel that my experience gives them courage. You know, come on, come on. Let's do it. Try it. Don't worry. What can happen? What can happen if you speak to your to your father or to your mother and you say this and this, what can happen? In my mind, I said–I don't tell them that, and don't say I said that–I said there are no gas chambers here. So just you know, in my mind, I said, the consequences are minor, so let's do it. And it works. Manya Brachear Pashman: And I wondered if it was the level, the level of trauma, pales in comparison to what you went through? Tova Friedman: No, no. Manya Brachear Pashman: That's what I was wondering. Tova Friedman: I feel that every trauma is different than, you know. You can't say, Well, my foot hurts, and it's so, big deal. So your foot hurts, my two feet hurt. No. Every pain deserves a healing, even if it's a little toe, it deserves it. And I take it very seriously. Most clients don't know about me, hopefully. I don't talk about anything personal. But I'm a little bit, you know, we don't have time on this earth. Let's make it as good as possible. Manya Brachear Pashman: Thank you, thank you for sharing that. Lisa, I want to ask about your family, about your great grandmother's efforts. She was not Jewish, but she saved thousands of Jews in Denmark, and I'm curious how that story was passed down in your family. Lise Marlowe: So I started learning the Holocaust at a very young age, because my grandfather was from Denmark, and he actually fought against the Nazis for the Danish Navy, and he would share with me how his mother rescued Jews in boats, in fishing boats, and take them to Sweden. And I never really heard that story before. And I was able to go to Denmark and go to Sweden and do more research. And I learned that she was actually the editor of Land of Folk newspaper, which was a major resistance newspaper. 23 million copies were given out secretly to make sure that people knew what was happening. But I was so proud, you know, being Jewish that my non-Jewish side of my family helped to rescue people, and I think it really helped me with the work that I do now, and standing up, and social justice, that's always been a passion of mine, and I think just her story inspired me to stand up for others. And they literally saved 99% of the population by getting them to Sweden. And it's really a truly heroic story that's not told that much. But the Danish people, if you ask them, they're very humble, and their attitude is, it's what people are supposed to do. So I'm just very proud of that Danish heritage. Tova Friedman: Do you think that their king or something has something to do with it? Leaders? Tell me about that? Lise Marlowe: It's a myth, right, that King Christian wore a Jewish star. He did say, if the Nazis require our Danish Jewish people to wear the star, I will wear it with the highest dignity. Along with my family. And Danish people didn't treat the Jews as the other. They considered them their friends and their neighbors, and that's why they did what they did. Tova Friedman: Wonderful. Lise Marlowe: They didn't see them as the other, which is such an incredible lesson to teach students. Tova Friedman: Yes, yeah. Manya Brachear Pashman: Preserving these stories is so important, your experiences. Have you witnessed as lasting an effort to preserve the stories and pass down the stories of the righteous among us, like your great grandmother. And I ask you both this question, is it as important? Tova Friedman: I think it's, you know, Israel, there is this wonderful, in Yad Vashem, the big museum, there's a whole avenue of the righteous. You know, I ask myself, what would I do if my family would be in danger in order to save somebody else, and the answer is, I don't know. But I am so utterly amazed that people do that. And there are many–well, not enough–but this is very impressive, your story, and I would love to learn. I don't know the answer, what separates one person from the other, that one is selfless and looks at humanity and one only at their own families? I wish some studies would be done and so forth. Because we have to do something right now. We are now considered the others. You know, we are, in this world, all over Europe, except, ironically, not in Germany. I was in Germany, and I spoke to German kids, high school kids in German. I didn't know I knew German. I just got up and I saw they were trying so hard to understand. I had an interpreter, and I didn't understand the interpreter. And I said, Let me try. Let me try. I speak Yiddish fluently and German a little bit like that. Also, I lived three years in Germany, so I didn't speak it, but it must have come into my head. And do you know what they did after my speech? 250 kids? They came over. They apologized. I mean, they're a generation separated. I went to Dachau, where my father was, and there were two women whose parents or grandparents were Nazis, and they said to me, we're dedicating our entire life to preserve this Dachau andcamp and and they they have, they give talks and Everything, because my family killed your family, but they admit it. So right now, Germany has laws against it. But what about the rest of the world? What's happening in America? So I would love to know how the Danish did that. It's a wonderful story. It makes your heart feel good, you know. Thank you for the story. Lise Marlowe: I would just add, the survivors we have today were the children who survived, right? Most of the adults are gone. And they were the hidden children. And most of them were hidden by non-Jewish people. Actually, all of them were. The Catholic Church, a farm lady, you know, who said, she took kindness on them. So you know, the hidden children were mostly hidden by non-Jewish people in terms of the righteous of the nations. Manya Brachear Pashman: Thank you both so much for your insights. This has been a really illuminating conversation. If you missed last week's episode, be sure to tune in for my conversation with AJC Chief Policy and Political Affairs Advisor Jason Isaacson, about legacy of the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal, the U.S. withdrawal from that deal in 2018, and Iran's dangerous stockpiling of uranium that's getting them closer to nuclear weapons capabilities. You can also listen to our latest episode about the impact of Pope Francis on Jewish-Catholic relations. From April 27-29, 2025, we will be at AJC Global Forum in New York City. Join American Jewish Committee (AJC) and over 2,000 committed activists at the premier global Jewish advocacy conference of the year. After the horrific attack on October 7, 2023, and in this fraught moment for the global Jewish community, escalating threats worldwide underscore the importance of our mission. All who care about the fate of the Jewish people, Israel, and the values of the civilized world must respond now with action, urgency, and resolve. If ever there was a time to stand up and be counted, that time is now. Your voice is needed now more than ever. If you won't be with us in person, you can tune into the webcast at AJC.org/GlobalForum2025.
Welcome to Hot Topics! Join host Gabrielle Crichlow in this captivating episode as she welcomes back returning guest Shelley Ann Cobb. Shelley, a dedicated tutor and academic life coach, shares her unique experience of marrying her British husband, David, while living abroad in Barcelona, Spain. Discover the challenges faced by U.S. citizens navigating the complex immigration process to marry a foreign national. Shelley recounts her journey, from applying for a visa to enter the U.K. to the extensive paperwork required for her to eventually become a British citizen. In this insightful conversation, Shelley highlights not only the legal and bureaucratic hurdles of international marriage but also the enriching value of travel and cultural experiences. Her story serves as a powerful reminder of the determination and resilience required to make love and commitment transcend borders.Tune in for an engaging personal narrative filled with valuable advice about embracing new cultures and the importance of travel. Whether you're considering an international relationship or simply love a good story, this episode is sure to inspire!Who is Shelley Ann Cobb?Shelley Ann Cobb grew up in sunny San Diego County and studied Spanish and Graphic Design and Illustration at Washington University in St. Louis. She spent five years living abroad in Italy, Spain, and England, where she ran her own British cupcake business before returning to the US to complete her California teaching credential. Shelley has since taught in San Diego County schools and runs her own tutoring business, specializing in academic life organization and tutoring all subjects with an emphasis on Spanish and Mathematics for students from elementary to college level, including those with IEPs and 504 plans. When not working, Shelley enjoys spending time with her five-year-old son, who loves being outside, running, and playing the ukulele.You can find Shelley:On the web: https://www.shelleyanncobb.com/On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063542860162On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/shelleyanncobb/On LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shelley-ann-cobb-2262b053Watch this episode on YouTube: https://youtube.com/live/PWD_ohsr_RERate this episode on IMDB: https://m.imdb.com/title/tt34160198/?ref_=ext_shr_lnk********************************************Follow Gabrielle Crichlow:On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/gabrielle.crichlow On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gabrielle.crichlowFollow A Step Ahead Tutoring Services:On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/astepaheadtutoringservicesOn Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/astepaheadtutoringservicesOn X: https://www.x.com/ASATS2013On YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@astepaheadtutoringservicesOn TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@asats2013On Eventbrite: https://astepaheadtutoringservices.eventbrite.comVisit us on the web: https://www.astepaheadtutoringservices.comSign up for our email list: https://squareup.com/outreach/a41DaE/subscribeSign up for our text list: https://eztxt.s3.amazonaws.com/534571/widgets/61fc686d8d6665.90336120.htmlCheck out our entire "Hot Topics!" podcast: https://www.astepaheadtutoringservices.com/hottopicspodcastSupport us:Cash App: https://cash.app/$ASATS2013PayPal: https://paypal.me/ASATS2013Venmo: https://venmo.com/u/ASATS2013Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/hot-topics--5600971/support Original date of episode: October 20, 2024
In this podcast, our guest is Sarah Kendzior, the best-selling author of “The View From Fly Over Country, “Hiding In Plain Sight,” and “They Knew.” Her latest book, “The Last American Road Trip: A Memoir,” is part political history and part memoir, but it is mostly a great road trip romp with her family across the United States before it is too late. Kendzior has a PhD in anthropology from Washington University in St. Louis, where she studied authoritarian regimes of the former Soviet Union. After getting her PhD in 2012, Kendzior spent a decade writing about the decline of the United States for various publications around the world. She lives with her husband and kids in St. Louis. Order the Book: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250879882/thelastamericanroadtrip/ Subscribe to Sarah's Substack Newsletter: https://sarahkendzior.substack.com/ Greg's Blog: http://zzs-blg.blogspot.com/ Pat's Substack: https://patcummings.substack.com/about #Sarah Kendzior#Last American Road Trip# American road trip#Political corruption#Trump kleptocracy# Authoritarianism in America# Surveillance capitalism# Conspiracy culture. Media disinformation# Midwest flyover country#They Knew# Hiding in plain site#Paywall censorship#Route 66 nostalgia#FBI watchlists#Paywall censorship#ransnational organized crime#Pat Cummings#Greg Godels#ZZ Blog#Podcast#Coming FromLeftField#Coming From Left Field#zzblog#mltoday
Thinking about doing an away rotation? In this episode of Behind the Knife, we break down everything you need to know about away rotations and sub-internships. From how to apply and what to expect to making a great impression and building connections, we've got you covered. Plus, we discuss whether you should even do an away rotation at all and how to decide if it's the right move for your application. We're joined by a fantastic and diverse group of general surgery residents who share their insights, tips, and experiences. Episode Hosts: –Dr. Josh Roshal, University of Texas Medical Branch, @Joshua_Roshal, jaroshal@utmb.edu –Dr. Colleen McDermott, University of Utah, @ColleenMcDMD, Colleen.McDermott@hsc.utah.edu –Dr. Sophia Williams-Perez, Baylor College of Medicine, @SophWPerez, Sophia.Williams-Perez@bcm.edu –CoSEF: @surgedfellows, cosef.org Guests: Dr. Steven Thornton, Duke University Medical Center, @swthorntonjr swt12@duke.edu Dr. Nicole Santucci, Washing University in St. Louis, @nicolemsantucci snicole@wustl.edu Abbas Karim, MS3, University of Texas Medical Branch, @_AbbasKarim aakarim@utmb.edu Reagan Collins, MS4, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, @ReaganACollins, reagan.collins@ttuhsc.edu Dr. Annie Hierl, Indiana University, @annie_hierl ahierl@iu.edu Dr. Jorge Zarate Rodriguez, Washington University in St Louis, @jzaraterod, j.zarate@wustl.edu References: McDermott CE, Anand A, Brian R, Gan C, L'Huillier JC, Lund S, Sathe T, Silvestri C, Woodward JM. Should I Do a General Surgery Away Rotation?: Perspectives From the Collaboration of Surgical Education Research Fellows (CoSEF). Ann Surg Open. 2024 Dec 3;5(4):e509. doi: 10.1097/AS9.0000000000000509. PMID: 39711667; PMCID: PMC11661735. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39711667/ Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.
Show Notes: Alison Wakoff Loren went to St Louis to medical school at Washington University. She specialized in internal medicine and later completed a subspecialty fellowship in hematology oncology at the University of Pennsylvania. She met her husband in medical school and they have three children all in their early twenties. Alison is now the chief of the Division of Hematology Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania, specializing in bone marrow transplantation, a curative therapy for blood cancer. Taking Care of Patients Alison finds the best part of her job to be taking care of patients, especially those who have just been diagnosed with leukemia. She gets to know people when they are in a vulnerable place and understand their lives, which is a privilege. She also does a lot of administrative work, mentoring trainees and faculty, helping them understand their passions and connecting them with opportunities. Alison is proud of her mentoring success stories. She encourages everyone to show gratitude and warmth, as the world is not always generous, and it is important to show that we can make a difference for each other by showing warmth and gratitude. She also shares a story of mentoring a talented MD and PhD candidate who was unhappy in her research role. Helping Patients with Leukemia Alison discusses the fear and uncertainty people face when discovering they have leukemia. She shares her experiences in delivering sad news to a patient who had been a high school history teacher and had leukemia come back. She mentions that people have incredibly generous spirits and sometimes don't behave their best when they're scared. She also shares examples of people making decisions that matter to their loved ones, such as stopping treatment or continuing treatment when they don't want to. Alison also discusses the range of responses people have when they have to deliver sad news. She explains that most people know they're in for an uphill climb, and it's rare to be surprised. Alison specializes in bone marrow transplants, which are intensive but curative intent therapies, and she emphasizes the importance of laying groundwork ahead of time to make difficult conversations less shocking and offering hope while grounding the conversation. She also stresses the importance of being honest and respectful in her interactions with patients. Fertility Preservation in Cancer Treatment The conversation turns to Alison's research and the importance of fertility preservation in cancer treatment, which can harm reproductive capacity and lead to infertility. Oncology teams often don't discuss this topic, partly because they are focused on cancer and not reproductive endocrinologists. However, there is a focus on making sure all patients are counseled about the reproductive impact of their treatments and reproductive options to engage in fertility preservation before starting cancer treatments. Alison explains what is recommended for women. She mentions that it is important to discuss these options before starting cancer treatment, as it reduces distress and decision regret for people after treatment. Alison is fortunate to be able to speak and advocate for fertility preservation for people with blood cancers, which represents a special population in oncology care. She has been fortunate to co-chair an effort to develop guidelines for fertility preservation from a large cancer organization. She explains that colleagues in reproductive science are doing amazing research to extend options for reproductive care before and after cancer treatment, which is exciting to inform oncology clinicians and advocate for insurance coverage for these treatments. Family Life, Running, and Circadian Rhythms Alison shares her experiences with her children, including a daughter who works at the Amherst College Library, an older son considering medical school, and a younger son at Bates College in Maine. Her daughter has inspired her to think about women in the workplace, as she was criticized for not valuing women in her division and for hiring women because they are cheaper. Alison also shares her experience with running, which she enjoys but has to get up early to get in before work. She talks about the concept of morning and night people, stating that people have their own internal clocks. She also mentions that research into the biology of the circadian clock is still in its early stages. Influential Harvard Courses and Professors Alison shares her experiences at Harvard, including taking courses with Stephen Jay Gould and Dick Lewontin, who were incredibly intelligent and insightful. She also took Act 10 as a senior, which was an unexpected experience that helped her learn different ways of thinking about the subject. Alison volunteered at the Mission Hill after-school program, which allowed her to get to know the kids and families there. She tried out for various extracurriculars, such as singing and photography, but found it intimidating. She also mentions the training program for photographers. Timestamps: 01:51: Alison Wakoff Loren's Medical Journey 04:12: Motivations and Rewards in Patient Care 22:20: Mentoring Success Stories 22:36: Challenges and Insights in Patient Care 24:17: Balancing Professional and Personal Life 24:32: Research and Advocacy in Fertility Preservation 28:54: Influences and Reflections on Harvard Education 37:25: Extracurricular Activities and Personal Growth Links: Penn Medicine Website: https://www.pennmedicine.org/providers/profile/alison-loren American Society of Clinical Oncology: https://www.asco.org/ Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: https://www.lls.org/ Featured Non-profit: The featured non-profit of this episode of The 92 Report is recommended by Ming Chen who reports: “ One nonprofit that I've been involved in is the Keswick Foundation, which funds pilot programs in Hong Kong and mainland China to help the community serve needs that are not being met by the government. So we work with family and vulnerable populations. We work with the elderly, and we work with things like helping promote social work in China, as well as clinical psychologists in different NGOs around the region. The other nonprofit that I am on the Advisory Council of is the Asian American foundation, TAF for short, T, A, A, F, F. The Asian American foundation, basically, is a platform that gets together different organizations around anti hate, changing the narrative education, helping to advocate for Asian American history taught in public schools, as well as narrative change representation in Hollywood and beyond. And again, it was founded around the 2020, around the growing disturbing rhetoric against Asians with the rise of COVID So yeah, those are two nonprofit organizations that I'm involved with. So again, one nonprofit that's been on the board for for many, many years is called the Keswick Foundation, and it funds pilot programs in Hong Kong as well as Mainland China. And then the Asian American foundation. If you want to learn more about the Asian American foundation, it's www dot T, A, A, f.org, check it out.” To learn more about their work, visit: The Asian American Foundation: https://www.taaf.org/ The Keswick Foundation: https://www.keswickfoundation.org.hk/
Dr. T and Truth Fairy welcome Greg Wrenn, a former Alabama state representative and long-time health policy advocate, who shares insights into how he became interested in the therapeutic use of psychedelics through personal research and professional exposure. Greg recently wrote a book called “Mothership” about coral reef research, ecological crisis, and his personal PTSD healing journey with ayahuasca. He discusses portions of the book and his experiences with Truth and Dr. T. Greg explores the growing interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly its potential to help individuals who struggle with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. He addresses the shift from viewing psychedelics as taboo to recognizing their potential under controlled, clinical settings. His personal stories, alongside those shared by Truth, highlight the positive impact psychedelic therapy can have and how his passion for the issue has been fueled. Truth Fairy, Dr. T, and Greg share concerns about the challenges of implementing beneficial psychedelic healing sessions, and they celebrate Greg's integration of tribal and liberating dance into the ayahuasca ceremony. They talk about the importance of regulation, ethical safeguards, and integration of Indigenous practices, and caution against the risks of commercialization. The episode is both vulnerable and informative, painting a hopeful picture of potential healing even in the face of difficult times.“You know, I'm no psychedelic evangelist. I don't think everyone should drink ayahuasca or work with psychedelics. I know I should, I know I need to. And so this is really important for my mission, which is to, I guess, spread a message of love and spread a message of the possibility of planetary healing, because planetary healing happens, at least with humanity, one brain at a time.” - Greg Wrenn__About Greg Wrenn:A former Stegner Fellow and Jones Lecturer at Stanford University, GREG WRENN is the author of the ayahuasca eco-memoir Mothership: A Memoir of Wonder and Crisis, an evidence-based account of his turning to coral reefs and psychedelic plants to heal from childhood trauma, and Centaur (U of Wisconsin Press 2013), which National Book Award-winning poet Terrance Hayes awarded the Brittingham Prize. Greg's work has appeared or is forthcoming in HuffPost, The New Republic, Al Jazeera, The Rumpus, LitHub, Writer's Digest, Kenyon Review, New England Review, The Iowa Review, and elsewhere. He has received awards and fellowships from the James Merrill House, the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference, the Vermont Studio Center, the Poetry Society of America, the Hermitage Artist Retreat, the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts, and the Spiro Arts Center. On his Mothership book tour, he spoke to audiences around the world, including at Yale School of Medicine, the University of Utah School of Medicine, Vancouver Island University, and the University of Virginia School of Nursing. Greg has also been on numerous podcasts, including Levi Chambers's PRIDE, and was recently interviewed by Emmy Award-winning journalist Elizabeth Vargas on NewsNation and by Jane Garvey on Times Radio (UK). As an associate English professor at James Madison University, he teaches creative nonfiction, poetry, and environmental literature and directs the JMU Creative Writing Minor. He also teaches in the Memoir Certificate Program at Stanford Continuing Studies. He was educated at Harvard University and Washington University in St. Louis.Greg is currently at work on a follow-up book to Mothership and sending out Homesick, his second poetry collection. A student of ayahuasca since 2019, he is a trained yoga teacher and a PADI Advanced Open Water diver, having explored coral reefs around the world for over 25 years. He and his husband divide their time between the mountains of Virginia and Atlantic Beach, Florida.Website: GregWrenn.comBook: “Mothership: A Memoir of Wonder and Crisis” by Greg Wrenn__Contact Punk Therapy:Patreon: Patreon.com/PunkTherapyWebsite: PunkTherapy.comEmail: info@punktherapy.com Contact Truth Fairy: Email: Truth@PunkTherapy.com
Optic neuropathies encompass all congenital or acquired conditions affecting the optic nerve and are often a harbinger of systemic and central nervous system disorders. A systematic approach to identifying the clinical manifestations of specific optic neuropathies is imperative for directing diagnostic assessments, formulating tailored treatment regimens, and identifying broader central nervous system and systemic disorders. In this episode, Gordon Smith, MD, FAAN speaks with Lindsey De Lott, MD, MS, author of the article “Optic Neuropathies” in the Continuum® April 2025 Neuro-ophthalmology issue. Dr. Smith is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a professor and chair of neurology at Kenneth and Dianne Wright Distinguished Chair in Clinical and Translational Research at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. De Lott is an assistant professor of neurology and ophthalmology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Additional Resources Read the article: Optic Neuropathies Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @gordonsmithMD Guest: @lindseydelott Full episode transcript available here Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Smith: Hello, this is Dr Gordon Smith. Today I'm interviewing Dr Lindsey De Lott about her article on optic neuropathies, which appears in the April 2025 Continuum issue on neuro-ophthalmology. Lindsey, welcome to the podcast, and perhaps you can introduce yourself to our audience. Dr De Lott: Thank you, Dr Smith. My name is Lindsey De Lott and I am a neurologist and a neuro-ophthalmologist at the University of Michigan. I also serve as the section lead for the Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, which is actually part of the ophthalmology department rather than the neurology department. And I spend a good portion of my time as a researcher in health services research, and that's now about 60% of my practice or so. Dr Smith: I'm super excited to spend some time talking with you. One, I'm a Michigan person. As we were chatting before this, I trained with Wayne Cornblath and John Trobe, and it's great to have you. I wonder if we maybe can begin- and by the way, your article is outstanding. It is such a huge topic and it was actually really fun to read, so I encourage our listeners to check it out. But you begin by talking about misdiagnosis as being a common problem in this patient population. I wonder if you can talk through why that is and if you have any pearls or pitfalls in avoiding it? Dr De Lott: Yeah, I think there's been a lot of great research looking at misdiagnosis in specific types of optic neuropathies; in particular, compressive optic neuropathies and optic neuritis. A lot of that work has come out of the group at Emory and the group at Washington University. But a lot of neuro-ophthalmologists across the country really contributed to those data. And one of the statistics that always strikes me is that, you know, for example, in patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas, something like 70% of them are actually misdiagnosed. And a lot of those errors in diagnosis, whether it's for compressive optic neuropathy or some other type of optic neuropathy, really comes down to the way that physicians are really incorporating elements of the history in the physical. For example, in optic neuritis, we know that physicians tend to anchor pretty heavily on pain in general. And that often tends to lead them astray when optic neuritis was never the diagnosis to begin with. So, it's really overindexing on certain things and not paying attention to other features of the physical exam; for example, say presence of an afferent pupillary defect. So, I think it just really highlights the need to have a really relatively structured approach to patients that you think have an optic neuropathy when you're trying to sort of plan your diagnostic testing and your treatment. Dr Smith: I do maybe five or six weeks on our hospital service each year, and I don't know if it's just a Richmond thing, but there's always at least two people in my week who come in with an optic neuropathy or acute vision loss. How common is this in medical practice? Or neurologic practice, I should say? Dr De Lott: Optic neuropathies themselves… if you look across, unfortunately we don't have any great data that puts together all optic neuropathies and gives us an actual sort of prevalence estimate or an incidence estimate from year to year. We do have some of those data for specific types of optic neuropathies like optic neuritis and NAION, and you're probably looking around five-ish per one hundred thousand. So, these aren't that common, but at the same time they do get funneled to- often to emergency rooms and to neurologists from our ophthalmology colleagues and optometry colleagues in particular. Dr Smith: So, one other question I had before kind of diving into the topic at hand is how facile neurologists need to be in recognizing other causes of acute visual loss. I mean, we see acute visual loss as neurologists, we think optic neuropathy, right? Optic neuritis is sort of the go-to in a younger patient, and NAION in someone older. But what do neurologists need to know about other ophthalmologic causes? So, glaucoma or acute retinal disorders, for instance? Dr De Lott: Yeah, I think it's really important that neurologists are able to distinguish optic neuropathies from other causes of vision loss. And so, I would really encourage the listeners to take a look at the excellent article by Nancy Newman about vision loss in this issue where she really kind of breaks it down into vision loss that is acute and chronic and how you really think through distinguishing optic neuropathies from other causes of vision loss. But it is really important. For example, a patient with a central retinal artery occlusion may potentially be eligible for treatments. And that's very different from a patient with optic neuritis and acute vision loss. So, we want to be able to distinguish these things. Dr Smith: So maybe we can pivot to that a little bit. Just for our listeners, our focus today is going to be on- not so much on optic neuritis, although obviously we need to talk a little bit about how we differentiate optic neuritis from non-neuritis optic neuropathies. It seems like the two most common situations we encounter are ischemic optic neuropathies and optic neuritis. Maybe you can talk a little bit about how you distinguish these two? I mean, some of it's age, some of it's risk factors, some of it's exam. What's the framework, of let's say, a fifty-year-old person comes into the emergency room with acute vision loss and you're worried about an optic neuropathy? Dr De Lott: The first step whenever you are considering an optic neuropathy is just making sure that the features are present. I think, really going back to your earlier question, making sure that the patient has the features of an optic neuropathy that we expect. So, it's not only vision loss, but it's also the presence of an apparent pupillary defect in a patient with a unilateral optic neuropathy. In a person who has a bilateral optic neuropathy, that apparent pupillary defect may not be present because it is relative. So, you really would have to have asymmetric vision loss between the two eyes. They should also have impairment of their color vision, and they're probably going to have some kind of visual field defect, whether that's central scotoma or an arcuate scotoma or an altitudinal defect that really respects the horizontal meridian. So, you want to make sure that, first and foremost, you've got a patient that really meets most of those- most of those features. And then from there, we're looking at the other features on their history. How acute is the onset of the vision loss? What is the progression over time? Is there pain associated or not associated with the vision loss? What other medical issues does the patient have? And you know, one of the things you already brought up, for example, is, what's the age of the patient? So, I'm going to be much more hesitant to make a diagnosis of optic neuritis in a much older patient or a diagnosis on the other side, of ischemic optic neuropathy, in a much younger patient, unless they have really clear features that push me in that direction. Dr Smith: I wonder if maybe you could talk a little bit about features that would push you away from optic neuritis, because, I mean, people who are over fifty do get optic neuritis- Dr De Lott: They do. Dr Smith: -and people who get ischemic optic neuropathies who are younger. So, what features would push you away from optic neuritis and towards… let's be broad, just a different type of optic neuropathy? Dr De Lott: Sure. We know that most patients with optic neuritis do have pain, but that pain is accompanied---within a few days, typically---with vision loss. So, pain alone going on for a number of days without any visual symptoms or any of those other things I listed, like the afferent papillary defect, the visual field defect, would push me away from optic neuritis. But in general, yes, most optic neuritis is indeed painful. So, the presence of optic disc edema is unfortunately one of those things that an optic neuritis may be present, may not be present, but in somebody with ischemia that is anterior---and that's the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy, would be anterior ischemic optic neuropathy---they have to have optic disc edema for us to be able to make that diagnosis, and that is a diagnosis of NAION, or nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. An APD in this case, again, that's just a feature of an optic neuropathy. It doesn't really help you to distinguish, individual field defects are going to be relatively similar between them. So then in patients, I'm also looking, like I said, at their history. So, in a patient where I'm entertaining a diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy, I want to make sure that they have vascular risk factors or that I'm actually doing things like measuring their blood pressure in the office if they haven't seen a physician recently or checking a lipid panel, hemoglobin A1c, those kinds of things, to look for vascular risk factors. One of the other features on exam that might push me more- again, in a patient with ischemic optic neuropathy, where it might suggest ischemia over optic neuritis, would be some other features on exam like a crowded optic disc that we sometimes will see in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy. I feel like that was a bit of a convoluted answer. Dr Smith: I thought that was a great answer. And when you say crowded optic disc, that's the- is that the “disc at risk”? Dr De Lott: That is the “disk at risk,” yes. So, crowded optic disk is really a disk that is smaller than what we see in the average population, and the average cup to disk ratio is 0.3. So, I think that's where 30% of the disk should be. So, this extra wiggle room, as I sometimes will explain to my patients. Dr Smith: And then, I wonder if you could talk a little bit about more- just more about exam, right? You raised the importance of recognizing optic disc edema. Are there aspects of that disc edema that really steer you away from optic neuritis and towards ischemia-like hemorrhages or whatnot? And then a similar question about the importance of careful visual field testing? Dr De Lott: So, on the whole, optic disc edema is optic disc edema. And you can have very severe optic neuritis with hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, which is essentially just an infarction of the retinal nerve fiber layer either overlying the disc or other parts of the retina. And ischemia, you can have some of the same features. In patients who have giant cell arteritis, which is just one form of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, patients can have a pallid optic disc edema where the optic disc is swollen and white-looking. But on the whole, swelling is swelling. So, I would caution anyone against using the features of the optic nerve swelling to make any type of, sort of, definitive kind of diagnosis. It's worth keeping in mind, but I just- I would caution against using specific features, optic nerve swelling. And then for visual field testing, there are certain patterns that sometimes can be helpful. I think as I mentioned earlier, in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy, we'll often see an altitudinal defect where either the top half or, more commonly, the bottom half of the vision is lost. And that vision loss in the field corresponds to the area of swelling on the disk, which is really rewarding when you're actually able to see sectoral swelling of the disk. So, say the top half of the disk is swollen and you see a really dense inferior defect. And other types of optic neuropathy such as hereditary optic neuropathies, toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies, they often cause more central field loss. And in patients who have optic neuropathies from elevated intracranial pressure, so papilladema, those folks often have more subtle visual field loss in an arcuate pattern. And it's only once the optic nerves have sustained a pretty significant injury that you start to see other patterns of field loss and actual decline in visual acuity in those patients. I do think a detailed visual field assessment can often be pretty helpful as an adjunct to the rest of the exam. Dr Smith: So, we haven't talked a lot about neuroimaging, and obviously, neuroimaging is really important in patients who have optic neuritis. But how about an older patient in whom you suspect ischemic optic neuropathy? Do those patients all need a MRI scan? And if so, is it orbits and brain? How do you- how do you protocol it? Dr De Lott: You're asking such a good question, totally controversial in in some ways. And so, in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy, if you are confident in your diagnosis: the patient is over the age of fifty, they have all the vascular, you know, they have vascular risk factors. And those vascular risk factors are things like diabetes, hypertension, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea. They have a “disc at risk” in the fellow eye. They don't have pain, they don't have a cancer history. Then doing an MRI of the orbits is probably not necessary to rule out another cause. But if you aren't confident that you have all of those features, then you should absolutely do an MRI of the orbit. The MRI of the brain probably doesn't provide you with much additional information. However, if you are trying to distinguish between an ischemic optic neuropathy and, say, maybe an optic neuritis, in those patients we do recommend MRI orbits and brain imaging because the brain does provide additional information about other CNS demyelinating disorders that might be actually the cause of a patient's optic neuritis. Dr Smith: I wonder if you could talk a little bit about posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. That's much less common, and you mentioned earlier that those patients don't have optic disk edema. So, if there's a patient who has vision loss that- in a similar sort of clinical scenario that you talked about, how do you approach that and under what circumstances do we see patients who have posterior ischemic optic neuropathy? Dr De Lott: So, you're going to most often see patients with posterior ischemic optic neuropathy who, for example, have undergone a recent surgery. These are often associated with things like spinal surgeries, cardiac surgeries. And there are a number of risk factors that are associated with it. Things like blood pressure, drain surgery, the amount of blood loss, positioning of patient. And this is something that the surgeons and anesthesiologists are very sensitive to at this point in time, and many patients are often- this can be part of the normal informed consent process at this point in time since this is something that is well-recognized for specific surgeries. In those patients, though… again, unless you're really certain, for example, maybe the inpatient neurology attending and you've been asked to consult on a patient and it's very clear that they went into surgery normal, they came out of surgery with vision loss, and all the rest of the features really seem to be present. I would recommend that in those cases you think about orbital imaging, making sure you're not missing anything else. Again, unless all of the features really are present- and I think that's one of the themes, definitely, throughout this article, is really the importance of neuroimaging in helping us to distinguish between different types of optic neuropathy. Dr Smith: Yeah, I think one of the things that Eric Eggenberger talks about in his article is the need to use precise nomenclature too, which I plan on talking to him about. But I think having this very structured approach- and your article does it very well, I'll tell our listeners who haven't seen it there's a series of really great tables in the article that outline a lot of these. I wonder, Lindsey, if we can switch to talk about arteritic optic neuropathy. Is that okay? Dr De Lott: Sure. Yeah, absolutely. Dr Smith: How do you sort that out in an older patient who comes in with an ischemic optic neuropathy? Dr De Lott: Yeah. In patients who are over the age of fifty with an ischemic optic neuropathy, we always need to be thinking about giant cell arteritis. It is really a diagnosis we cannot afford to miss. If we do miss it, unfortunately, patients are likely to lose vision in their fellow eye about 1/3 to 1/2 the time. So, it is really one of those emergencies in neuro-ophthalmology and neurology. And so you want to do a thorough review systems for giant cell arteritis symptoms, things like headache, jaw claudication, myalgias, unintentional weight loss, fevers, things of that nature. You also want to check their inflammatory markers to look for evidence of an elevated ESR, elevated C-reactive protein. And then on exam, what you're going to find is that it can cause an anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, as I mentioned earlier. It can cause palette optic disc swelling. But giant cell arteritis can also cause posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. And so, it can be present without any swelling of the optic disc. And in fact, you know, you mentioned one of my mentors, John Trobe, who used to say that in a patient where you're entertaining the idea of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, who is over the age of fifty with no optic disc swelling, you should be thinking about number one, giant cell arteritis; number two, giant cell arteritis; number three, giant cell arteritis. And so, I think that is a real take-home point is making sure that you're thinking of this diagnosis often in our patients who are over the age of fifty, have to rule it out. Dr Smith: I'll ask maybe a simple question. And presumably just about everyone who you see with a presumed ischemic optic neuropathy, even if they don't have clinical features, you at least check a sed rate. Is that true? Dr De Lott: I do. So, I do routinely check sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. So, you need to check both. And the reason is that there are some patients who have a positive C-reactive protein but a normal sedimentation rate, so. And vice versa, although that is less common. And so both need to be checked. One other lab that sometimes can be helpful is looking at their CBC. You'll often find these patients with giant cell arteritis have elevated platelet counts. And if you can trend them over time, if you happen to have a patient that's had multiple, you'll see it sort of increasing over time. Dr Smith: I'm just thinking about how you sort things out in the middle, right? I mean, so that not all patients with GCF, sky-high sed rate and CRP…. And I'm just thinking of Dr Trobe's wisdom. So, when you're in an uncertain situation, presumably you go ahead and treat with steroids and move to biopsy. Maybe you can talk a bit about that pathway? Dr De Lott: Yeah, sure. Dr Smith: What's the definitive diagnostic process? Do you- for instance, the sed rate is sky-high, do you still get a biopsy? Dr De Lott: Yes. So, biopsy is still our gold-standard diagnosis here in the United States. I will say that is not the case in all parts of the world. In fact, many parts of Europe are moving toward using other ancillary tests in combination with labs and exam, the history, to make a definitive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. And those tests are things like temporal artery ultrasound. We also, even though we call it temporal artery ultrasound, we actually need to image not only the temporal arteries but also the axillary arteries. The sensitivity and specificity is actually greater in those cases. And then there's high-resolution imaging of the vessels and the- both the intracranial and extracranial distributions. And both of those have shown some promise in their predictive values of patients actually having giant cell arteritis. One caution I would give to our listeners, though, is that, you know, currently in the US, temporal artery biopsy is still the gold standard. And reading the ultrasounds and the MRIs takes a really experienced radiologist. So, unless you really know the diagnostic accuracy at your institution, again, temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standard here. So, when you are considering giant cell arteritis, start the patient on steroids and- that's high dose, high dose steroids. In patients with vision loss, we use high dose intravenous methylprednisolone and then go ahead and get the biopsy. Dr Smith: Super helpful. And are there other treatments, other than steroids? Maybe how long do you keep people on steroids? And let's say you've got a patient who's, you know, diabetic or has other factors that make you want to avoid the course of steroids. Are there other options available? Dr De Lott: So, in the acute phase steroids are the only option. There is no other option. However, long term, yes, we do pretty quickly put patients on tocilizumab, which is really our first-line treatment. And I do that in conjunction with our rheumatology colleagues, who are incredibly helpful in managing and monitoring the tocilizumab for our patients. But when you're seeing the patients, you know, whether it's in the emergency room or in the hospital, those patients need steroids immediately. There are other steroid-sparing agents that have been tried, but the efficacy is not as good as tocilizumab. So, the American College of Rheumatology is really recommending tocilizumab as our first line steroid-sparing agent at this point. Dr Smith: Outstanding. So again, I will refer our listeners to your article. It's just chock-full of great stuff. This has been a great conversation. Thank you so much for joining me today. Dr De Lott: Thank you, Dr Smith. I really appreciate it. Dr Smith: The pleasure has been all mine, and I know our listeners will be enjoying this as well. Again, today I've been interviewing Dr Lindsey De Lott about her article on optic neuropathies, which appears in the most recent issue of Continuum on neuro-ophthalmology. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues. I already mentioned Dr Eggenberger and I will be talking about optic neuritis, which will be a great companion to this discussion. Listeners, thank you for joining us today. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
For over 40 years, the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (ASF) has supported the brightest minds in STEM, with its Astronaut Scholars making groundbreaking contributions—from launching payloads into space to pioneering agricultural innovations and advancing congenital heart disease research. The prestigious Astronaut Scholarship is known nationwide for being among the largest merit-based monetary scholarships awarded to college level STEM juniors and seniors. ASF has a life-long relationship with each Astronaut Scholar and provides them with mentors, professional and personal development and networking with astronauts, C-suite level executives and industry leaders to help advance their careers. Started over 40 years ago by six of the surviving Mercury 7 Astronauts along with Berry Grissom, William Douglas and Henri Landwirth, the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation has awarded over $10 million in scholarships to over 850 students. What makes this scholarship truly special is its mentorship component: every Astronaut Scholar is paired with a mentor who guides their academic and professional growth. Now, in a full-circle moment, former Astronaut Scholars who once benefited from this mentorship are paying it forward as mentors themselves.Tomas Collado is a 2024 Astronaut Scholar from Washington University in St. Louis studying mechanical engineering. His mentor Adero Paige is a 2004 Astronaut Scholar Alum who now also serves on ASF's Board of Directors. Their stories illustrate the lasting impact of mentorship and the power of investing in the next generation of STEM leaders. Connect with The Astronaut Scholarship Foundation:Website: astronautscholarship.orgYouTube: @astroscholarfdnInstagram: @astronautscholarfdnFacebook: @AstroScholarFdn LinkedIn: astronaut-scholarship-foundationChris Woods is the host of the STEM Everyday Podcast... Connect with him:Website: dailystem.comTwitter/X: @dailystemInstagram: @dailystemYouTube: @dailystemGet Chris's book Daily STEM on AmazonSupport the show
Brookings Senior Fellow Andre M. Perry has a new book out today which measures what he calls the “racial gap” in America and asks what we can do to close it. Entitled The Black Power Scorecard, it draws on extensive research and analysis to quantify how much power Black Americans actually have. Using big data metrics, Perry compares Black communities to each other rather than to white populations to highlight local progress and solutions. The results are more encouraging that some might think. Perry argues for investing in Black-owned businesses and assets, noting they often deliver high quality products and services despite receiving less revenue. More W.E.B. Du Bois than Booker T Washington, Perry advocates for structural change while recognizing the importance of local solutions, rejecting the notion that Black communities must rely solely on Booker T's self-help doctrine. Five Key Takeaways * Perry's "Black Power Scorecard" focuses on factors that promote Black thriving rather than deficits, identifying 13 key predictors of life expectancy including home ownership, income, and clean air.* His research compares Black communities to each other rather than to white populations to highlight local progress and solutions that are often masked by national aggregate statistics.* Data shows Black-owned businesses often score higher on quality metrics (Yelp ratings) yet receive less revenue, demonstrating both quality and systemic barriers.* Perry argues that investing in Black communities benefits everyone, rejecting zero-sum thinking while still acknowledging the need to address specific discriminatory practices.* He takes a "Hamiltonian" structural approach, believing change requires both local solutions and government/corporate involvement, rejecting the notion that Black communities must rely solely on self-help.Andre M. Perry is a senior fellow and director of the Center for Community Uplift at the Brookings Institution. He is also a professor of practice of economics at Washington University in St. Louis. A nationally known and respected commentator on race, structural inequality, and education, Perry is the author of the forthcoming book “Black Power Scorecard: Measuring the Racial Gap and What We Can Do to Close It,” published by Henry Holt, available April 15, 2025 wherever books are sold. In 2020, Brooking Press published Perry's previous book, “Know Your Price: Valuing Black Lives and Property in America's Black Cities.” Perry is a regular contributor to MSNBC and has been published by numerous national media outlets, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Nation, Bloomberg CityLab, and CNN.com. Perry has also made appearances on HBO, CNN, PBS, National Public Radio, NBC, and ABC. Perry's research focuses on race and structural inequality, education, and economic inclusion. Perry's recent scholarship at Brookings examines well-being across racial groups and regions in America, focusing on how investments in critical assets can lead to thriving. Perry's pioneering work on asset devaluation has made him a go- to researcher for policymakers, community development professionals, and civil rights groups. Perry co-authored the groundbreaking 2018 Brookings Institution report “The Devaluation of Assets in Black Neighborhoods,” and has presented its findings on the price of homes in Black neighborhoods across the country, including to the U.S. House Financial Services Committee. He has extended that report's focus on housing in Black neighborhoods to include other assets such as businesses, schools, and banks. A native of Pittsburgh, Perry earned his Ph.D. in education policy and leadership from the University of Maryland, College Park.Keen On America is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe
Dr. Greg Carr and Professor Karen Hunter remember the life and legacy of Joe Madison, known as “The Black Eagle,” who passed away on January 31. He was 74.Joe Madison was a leading figure in American talk radio, who made history on multiple occasions, including in 2015 when he broke the Guinness World Record for “longest marathon hosting a radio talk show” (52 hours live). His efforts raised over $250,000 for the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture. In that same year he also became the first national, American talk show in more than 50 years to broadcast live from Cuba.Madison was also a civil rights activist known for staging protests and acts of civil disobedience, and a key figure in the top circles of African American leadership and activism. A native of Dayton, Ohio, he graduated from Washington University in St. Louis, which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2019. In that same year he was also elected to the National Radio Hall of Fame in recognition of over 40 years in broadcasting. His signature line when people called his show to speak about injustice was “What are you going to do about it?”Madison is survived by his wife, Sherry; his children Jason, Monesha, Shawna and Michelle; his five grandchildren; and one great-grandchild.JOIN KNARRATIVE: https://www.knarrative.com it's the only way to get into #Knubia, where these classes areheld live with a live chat.To shop Go to:TheGlobalMajorityMore from us:Knarrative Twitter: https://twitter.com/knarrative_Knarrative Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knarrative/In Class with Carr Twitter: https://twitter.com/inclasswithcarrSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Our guest is Aggie Toppins, a designer and educator who explores the origins, impact, and evolution of visual communication. She is an Associate Professor and Chair of Design at Washington University in St. Louis.In this episode, Aggie speaks with host Christian Solorzano about her journey from commercial design in Chicago to academia, exploring how her working-class upbringing in Ohio shaped her approach to design and education. She shares insights about her creative process—how she addresses the tensions between client work and personal expression, and her thoughtful perspective on teaching as a practice of freedom.Aggie discusses her evolution as a designer, from her early years working with clients like the Chicago History Museum to developing her values-driven approach to design history and education. She talks about the importance of creating joyful, empowering classroom experiences, offering candid perspectives on challenging conventional wisdom and finding purpose amid today's complex landscape.The conversation explores Aggie's research interests and her book "Thinking Through Graphic Design History," which examines how historical thinking can foster socially engaged, critical design practices. Her writing has appeared in prestigious design publications including Design and Culture, Design Issues, Slanted, Eye, and AIGA Eye on Design. Aggie shares how finding joy through connecting with students has influenced her creative explorations.
As avian influenza continues to affect the poultry industry – as well as dairy cows and other mammals like cats and even seals – researchers are developing a hand-held device that can detect the virus that causes bird flu in the air in minutes with a success rate of 90%. Dr. Rajan Chakrabarty at Washington University in St. Louis, is leading a team of scientists that previously created an electrochemical capacitive biosensing (ECP) device to detect the virus that spread COVID-19 five years ago. The current goal is to shorten the time to confirm bird flu in such places as poultry barns, farms and commercial hatcheries. He also tells MeatingPod that the team plans to develop an ECB that simultaneously senses multiple types of viruses in the air with the same level of effectiveness.
On this episode of The Pain Beat, Adam Dourson moderates a discussion about the role of the immune system in pain – what we know currently and ideas about how the immune system can be a target for new strategies to treat chronic pain. Podcast participants include: Geffroy Laumet, PhD, Michigan State University, US Luda Diachenko, PhD, McGill University, CA Thiago Cunha, PhD, University of Sao Paolo, BR Temugin Berta, PhD, University of Cincinnati, US Adam Dourson, PhD, Washington University in Saint Louis, US PRF thanks Lite Yang and Adam Dourson for producing the podcast and Kevin Seal for creating the music.
In this episode, Steve Fretzin and Judy Barton discuss:Cultivating meaningful and lasting business relationshipsEffective networking techniques for lawyers and financial professionalsEstablishing credibility and attracting opportunitiesThe importance of integrity in business Key Takeaways:Effective networking is not about collecting contacts but about fostering genuine, mutually beneficial relationships that lead to long-term success.Lawyers and financial professionals should focus on providing value first, rather than immediately seeking business, to build trust and credibility.Personal branding plays a crucial role in professional growth, as a strong and authentic presence can differentiate individuals in competitive industries.Integrity and consistency in business interactions build a solid reputation, making people more likely to refer and work with you over time. "You have to make yourself memorable, but you also have to know why you're different from everybody else and why that person should hire you or engage with you as an attorney." — Judy Barton Got a challenge growing your law practice? Email me at steve@fretzin.com with your toughest question, and I'll answer it live on the show—anonymously, just using your first name! Thank you to our Sponsors!Rankings.io: https://rankings.io/Rainmakers Roundtable: https://www.fretzin.com/lawyer-coaching-and-training/peer-advisory-groups/ About Judy Barton: Judy Barton is a Senior Client Strategist for BNY Mellon Wealth Management. In this role, she works directly with clients to address their investment and wealth management needs. Judy joined the firm in 2014 and has more than 20 years of experience in the financial services industry, as well as being a business owner for 10 years. Her previous corporate experience includes serving in finance at EDS, Nortel, and Sodexho Marriott in Boston, DC, and London. Judy received her Master in Legal Studies from the School of Law at Washington University in St. Louis and a Bachelor of Science in Finance from the University of Oklahoma. Connect with Judy Barton: Website: http://www.bny.com/wealthEmail: judy.barton@bny.comLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/judy-barton Connect with Steve Fretzin:LinkedIn: Steve FretzinTwitter: @stevefretzinInstagram: @fretzinsteveFacebook: Fretzin, Inc.Website: Fretzin.comEmail: Steve@Fretzin.comBook: Legal Business Development Isn't Rocket Science and more!YouTube: Steve FretzinCall Steve directly at 847-602-6911 Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.
Vikram Arun is the Co-Founder of Superform, an on-chain wealth app to grow your crypto portfolio. With a background in engineering and finance, Vikram has been building in the crypto space since 2017. Prior to Superform, he co-founded Ledger Capital, a crypto research firm, and worked on Wall Street conducting biotech equity research and analyzing high-growth technologies. At BlockTower Capital, Vikram co-led a $100m DeFi and Yield Fund, building scalable trading strategies across 15 chains with a focus on statistical arbitrage. Seeing the need for scalable DeFi products, he left BlockTower in 2021 to launch Superform. Vikram holds a Bachelor's in Engineering and a Master's in Finance from Washington University in St. Louis.In this conversation, we discuss:- Why the market is down right now- Current market cycle- The founding story of Superform- Stablecoin indexes- High-yield stablecoins are becoming crypto's killer app- Bringing users on-chain without the on-chain feeling- Superform V2 shows where DeFi is headed- DeFi is finally breaking past the power user bubble- Capital efficiency is the next frontier- What will bring DeFi to the masses?- Next wave of DeFi Applications- Are memecoins actually dead?SuperformWebsite: www.superform.xyzX: @superformxyzDiscord: discord.gg/superformVikram ArunX: @vik_runaLinkedIn: Vikram Arun --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This episode is brought to you by PrimeXBT. PrimeXBT offers a robust trading system for both beginners and professional traders that demand highly reliable market data and performance. Traders of all experience levels can easily design and customize layouts and widgets to best fit their trading style. PrimeXBT is always offering innovative products and professional trading conditions to all customers. PrimeXBT is running an exclusive promotion for listeners of the podcast. After making your first deposit, 50% of that first deposit will be credited to your account as a bonus that can be used as additional collateral to open positions. Code: CRYPTONEWS50 This promotion is available for a month after activation. Click the link below: PrimeXBT x CRYPTONEWS50
Parent-specific epigenetic marks (imprints) leading to parent-specific gene expression are crucial for normal growth and development, yet their mechanisms of establishment and maintenance are not fully understood. In humans, approximately 200 imprinted genes have been discovered, and improper imprinting can manifest in growth restriction, obesity, intellectual disabilities, behavioral abnormalities, and an increased risk of certain cancers. While the use of pluripotent stem cells, especially those in the naïve state, have advanced aspects of modeling early development, a persistent issue hampering bona fide naïve hPSCs is the erosion of imprints. Our guests on today's episode will discuss genomic imprinting, its function, impact, and a new reporter system of imprinted gene expression in hPSCs that enables real-time visualization of loss-of-imprinting at single-cell resolution. This assay provides an important tool to help discover how to improve the imprint fidelity of naïve hPSCs and hence their application for studies of human development and regeneration. Guests Thorold Theunissen, PhD, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St Louis, USA Gal Keshet, The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelSupporting ContentTracking and mitigating imprint erasure during induction of naïve human pluripotency at single-cell resolutionHostJanet Rossant, Editor-in-Chief, Stem Cell Reports and The Gairdner FoundationAbout Stem Cell ReportsStem Cell Reports is the open access, peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) for communicating basic discoveries in stem cell research, in addition to translational and clinical studies. Stem Cell Reports focuses on original research with conceptual or practical advances that are of broad interest to stem cell biologists and clinicians.X: @StemCellReportsAbout ISSCRWith nearly 5,000 members from more than 80 countries, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (@ISSCR) is the preeminent global, cross-disciplinary, science-based organization dedicated to stem cell research and its translation to the clinic. The ISSCR mission is to promote excellence in stem cell science and applications to human health.ISSCR StaffKeith Alm, Chief Executive OfficerYvonne Fisher, Managing Editor, Stem Cell ReportsKym Kilbourne, Director of Media and Strategic CommunicationsMegan Koch, Senior Marketing ManagerJack Mosher, Scientific AdvisorHunter Reed, Senior Marketing CoordinatorVoice WorkBen Snitkoff
Episode description: We continue our campaign to #EndNeurophobia, with the help of Dr. Aaron Berkowitz. This time, Sebastian presents a case of confusion to Aye. Aye Chan Moe Thant ( @AyeThant94 ) Aye is a physician from Myanmar and now working as a clinical research team member at the Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint… Read More »Episode 386: Neurology VMR – Confusion
Dr. Malcolm Foley serves as the Special Advisor to the President for Equity and Campus Engagement. In this role, Dr. Foley facilitates engagement and interaction with and among the many diverse members of our community and works collaboratively to develop initiatives designed to foster a welcoming and inclusive campus for all. Dr. Foley holds a B.A. in Religious Studies with a second major in Finance and a minor in Classics from Washington University in St. Louis. He then completed a Master of Divinity at Yale Divinity School, focusing on the theology of the early and medieval church, and a Ph.D. in Religion from Baylor. His dissertation investigates African American Protestants responding to lynching from the late 19thcentury to the early 20th century. From 2018-2020, Dr. Foley served as a student regent on the Baylor University Board of Regents. He is the former Director of Black Church Studies at George W. Truett Theological Seminary and is currently a pastor at Mosaic Waco, where he serves with his wife, Desiree. Support this podcast at patreon.com/passthemic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Dr. Malcolm Foley serves as the Special Advisor to the President for Equity and Campus Engagement. In this role, Dr. Foley facilitates engagement and interaction with and among the many diverse members of our community and works collaboratively to develop initiatives designed to foster a welcoming and inclusive campus for all. Dr. Foley holds a B.A. in Religious Studies with a second major in Finance and a minor in Classics from Washington University in St. Louis. He then completed a Master of Divinity at Yale Divinity School, focusing on the theology of the early and medieval church, and a Ph.D. in Religion from Baylor. His dissertation investigates African American Protestants responding to lynching from the late 19thcentury to the early 20th century. From 2018-2020, Dr. Foley served as a student regent on the Baylor University Board of Regents. He is the former Director of Black Church Studies at George W. Truett Theological Seminary and is currently a pastor at Mosaic Waco, where he serves with his wife, Desiree. Support this podcast at patreon.com/PassTheMic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Watch Call me Back on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CallMeBackPodcastTo contact us, sign up for updates, and access transcripts, visit: https://arkmedia.org/Dan on X: https://x.com/dansenorDan on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dansenorLast week, three federal agencies — including the Department of Education — announced a comprehensive review of the funding relationships between the federal government and Columbia University in regards to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. Like most universities, Columbia receives a great deal of federal funding. The Federal Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism, created by the Trump Administration, announced that it will visit 10 university campuses that have seen a shocking rise in antisemitism since October 7, 2023.According to Education Secretary Linda McMahon, “Americans have watched in horror for more than a year now, as Jewish students have been assaulted and harassed on elite university campuses. Unlawful encampments and demonstrations have completely paralyzed day-to-day campus operations, depriving Jewish students of learning opportunities to which they are entitled. Institutions that receive federal funds have a responsibility to protect all students from discrimination. Columbia's apparent failure to uphold their end of this basic agreement raises very serious questions about the institution's fitness to continue doing business with the United States government.”According to Maya Sulkin in the Free Press, “even though Columbia formed a Task Force on Antisemitism weeks after Hamas's invasion of Israel on October 7, 2023, and issued two reports that revealed shocking instances of Jew hate on campus—not just among students but professors and administrators—the college has done little to root out the problem.”As a result, on Friday the Trump Administration announced the cancellation of $400 million in federal grants to and contracts with Columbia. Following these developments, one could be left with the impression that higher education is doomed. Yetwe were struck by the reaction from the Call Me Back community to a conversation we had with the Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, Daniel Diermeier, last November, in an episode titled “How Vanderbilt University is getting it right.” It reminded us that some universities have impressively navigated the past 16 months.Vanderbilt is one of them. Another is Washington University. The Chancellors of both universities (Washington University Chancellor Andrew Martin and Vanderbilt's Diermeier) recently issued a set of principles that every university should be able to adopt. They summarized these principles in a piece in the Chronicle of Higher Education, titled: “Universities Must Reject Creeping Politicization.” You can read it here: There have been other universities, like the University of Michigan, which in the months after October 7, 2023 experienced massive disruptions. Yet according to conversations we have had with current Jewish students, the university administration has been doing much better than others. University of Michigan President Santa Ono has taken promising steps on a number of fronts, including the University's relationship with Israel, that could also serve as a model.So, against the backdrop of chaos at Columbia and Barnard this past week, we sat down with WashU's Andrew Martin and Michigan's Santa Ono at the ADL's “Never is Now” Summit in New York City, for a candid conversation about what has happened at each of their universities, lessons learned, and charting a path forward. Additional items:ADL's Campus Antisemitism Report Card: https://www.adl.org/campus-antisemitism-report-card-Free Press reporting on Columbia University:https://www.thefp.com/p/exclusive-trump-administration-cancels-https://www.thefp.com/p/trump-columbia-antisemitism-federal-fundingCREDITS:ILAN BENATAR - Producer & EditorMARTIN HUERGO - EditorYARDENA SCHWARTZ - Executive Editor of Ark MediaGABE SILVERSTEIN - Research Intern YUVAL SEMO - Music Composer
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