Podcasts about robert la follette

Wie eng die Welt vor einhundert Jahren bereits zusammengerückt war, machen weltpolitische Großereignisse wie die Wahl des US-Präsidenten am 4. November 1924 schlagartig deutlich. Dank Kabeldienst und Drahtmeldung erreichten die kaum ausgezählten Ergebnisse aus Amerika trotz Zeitverschiebung bereits am Morgen des 5. November die Leserinnen und Leser des Hamburger Anzeigers im fernen Europa. Dass die Datenübertragung mit denkbar heißer Nadel gestrickt war, merkt man an allerlei Fehlern, die sich dabei natürlicherweise einschlichen. Dass der demokratische Präsidentschaftskandidat Davis hieß, der republikanische Vizekandidat Dawes, machte die Sache besonders tückisch und zwang uns bei der Einrichtung des Textes zu einigen Korrekturen. Die Information, dass nämlicher Davis die Wahlnacht gemeinsam mit dem dritten Bewerber, dem Senator Robert La Follette von der Progressiven Partei, in dessen Villa verbracht habe, haben wir indessen unangetastet gelassen, sei hier allerdings mit einem kleinen Fragezeichen versehen. Alles in allem scheint die seinerzeitige Wahl gesitteter vonstatten gegangen zu sein als dieser Tage. Dennoch hören wir von Rosa Leu auch damals schon von Diffamierungen im Wahlkampf, einem Suizidfall und tödlichem Tumult vor einem Wahllokal.

Professor Nancy C. Unger is an historian with a special interest in the progressive era in American history and an author of biographies of progressive era reformists Bob and Belle La Follette. Senator Robert La Follette was a third-party candidate at the 1924 US presidential election (100 years ago) for the Progressive Party and Belle La Follette was active on the women's suffrage circuit.

One hundred years before this year's 2024 U.S. presidential election, a different type of populism and progressivism swept the nation during the 1924 national elections. Learn how Wisconsinite U.S. Senator Robert La Follette (popularly known as "Fighting Bob") tapped into the two-party dissatisfaction of the American people and introduced a novel politics that brought very different voter coalitions together.  Marking four years since the start of the podcast, Sherman also recaps some of the highlights from the 2023-24 podcast guests.  "Adventures in Adventureland" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  "Devonshire Waltz Andante" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Support the showVisit georgewashingtoninstitute.org to sign up for our e-mail list! The site is the one-stop shop of all things Friends & Fellow Citizens and George Washington Institute!JOIN as a Patreon supporter and receive a FREE Friends & Fellow Citizens mug at the $25 membership level!NEW MERCH STORE! Click HERE to pre-order your podcast mug now!IMPORTANT NOTE/DISCLAIMER: All views expressed by the host are presented in his personal capacity and do not officially represent the views of any affiliated organizations. All views by guests are solely those of the interviewees themselves and may or may not reflect the views of their affiliated organizations, the host, and/or Friends & Fellow Citizens.

Send us a Text Message.Terrorism is generally held to be political violence that is illegitimate, but what confers legitimacy on some acts of political violence and illegitimacy on others? Is terrorism simply the name we give to the violence we do not like or support, while finding euphemisms for the violence we do like or support? Professor of history Richard Drake asks these questions in his popular course Terrorism - Violence in the Modern World at the University of Montana. With this critical frame in mind, we approach the history of terrorism in the Middle East, from the post-WWI Treaties of Versailles and Sèvres to the ongoing Gaza genocide. Our conversation concludes with a discussion of how Senator Robert La Follette, the subject of a book by Prof. Drake, came to understand US empire in the Middle East following WWI.

How did unelected “experts” with their unwavering devotion to “science” rise to such power in American life? More than a century ago, an engineer named Frederick W. Taylor inspired progressive activists with a new concept he called “scientific management.” Future Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis took Taylor's concept and married it with political power. Brandeis teamed up with President Woodrow Wilson and a powerful senator named Robert La Follette to give the nation an “expert” makeover that Americans were not asking for. This is the story of how a cult of expertise developed among progressives and how these “experts” took a sledgehammer to our constitutional system of government, with far-reaching consequences that still reverberate today.   Sponsors Jase Medical Being able to take your destiny in your own hands is something I believe in.  And it's something that Jase Medical believes in, as well.  They're a proud partner in bringing this together, and I'm happy to have them on board. They're providing some of the most vital life-saving medications – medications that the “experts” wouldn't want you to be in charge of. I encourage you to check out https://jasemedical.com today, and prepare yourself and your family. Relief Factor Fighting pain is almost always about helping your body heal itself with natural supplements that are actually effective. I know because I take Relief Factor every day.  If you're suffering from pain, can I recommend that you give Relief Factor a try?  Go to https://www.relieffactor.com today! PreBorn At the dawn of the twentieth century, “experts” in the medical field were promoting eugenics - the systematic weeding out of undesirable human beings. Tragically, the brainchild of that historic evil is embedded in our society to this day.  It's practiced every time an expecting mother walks into a clinic and allows a doctor – an “expert” – to destroy her unborn child. I'm so very proud to partner with PreBorn in combating this evil.  Please, go to https://www.preborn.com today and help us in the fight. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hightower is on the road again this weekend, this time visiting Madison, WI to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Fighting Bob La Follette’s independent run for the presidency. Fighting who? What? If you’ve never heard of Robert La Follette, you’ve got a treasure trove of rabble-rousing history awaiting you in his

On this day in 1917, the U.S. Senate adopted a rule that allowed a two-thirds majority to cut off debate and force a vote.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Originally Recorded October 30th, 2023 About Professor Nancy Unger: https://www.scu.edu/cas/history/faculty-and-staff/nancy-unger/ Check out Professor Unger's biography of Robert La Follette, titled Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer: https://www.amazon.com/Fighting-Bob-Follette-Righteous-Reformer/dp/0870204262 Get full access to Unlicensed Philosophy with Chuong Nguyen at musicallyspeaking.substack.com/subscribe

How did unelected “experts” with their unwavering devotion to “science” rise to such power in American life? More than a century ago, an engineer named Frederick W. Taylor inspired progressive activists with a new concept he called “scientific management.” Future Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis took Taylor's concept and married it with political power. Brandeis teamed up with President Woodrow Wilson and a powerful senator named Robert La Follette to give the nation an “expert” makeover that Americans were not asking for. This is the story of how a cult of expertise developed among progressives and how these “experts” took a sledgehammer to our constitutional system of government, with far-reaching consequences that still reverberate today.   Sponsors Jase Medical A century ago, we witnessed the dawn of the “expert class” in this country.  The consolidation of power into a few hands was something the founders tried to avoid.  But people like Woodrow Wilson brought it crashing back into our lives, in one of the most blatant efforts of all time to stamp out individualism and freedom.  Being able to take your destiny in your own hands is something I believe in.  And it's something that Jase Medical believes in, as well.  They're a proud partner in bringing this together, and I'm happy to have them on board. They understand – the way you and I do – that you need to be able to make decisions for yourself and your family.  They're providing some of the most vital life-saving medications – medications that the “experts” wouldn't want you to be in charge of.  Medicines that, because of the “experts” in charge, might not be easy to get in the coming months and years.  I encourage you to check out https://jasemedical.com today, and prepare yourself and your family. Relief Factor You know, the field of medicine didn't use to draw a distinction between itself and what we would call “holistic” remedies today…it was just the field of medicine.  Some things worked better than others, that's all.  But then, of course, came the experts.  And they insisted things be done a certain way…which meant that a lot of good treatments for things that we all had taken, our grandparents had done that really did work, went by the wayside.  Relief Factor doesn't work that way.  Because the people who make it realize something the “experts” don't – fighting pain is almost always about helping your body heal itself with natural supplements that are actually effective. I know because I take Relief Factor every day.  If you're suffering from pain, can I recommend that you give Relief Factor a try?  Go to https://www.relieffactor.com today! PreBorn The “experts” in our society helped bring about some of the modern miracles we've experienced in technology, no doubt.  But they also helped usher in modern horrors.  At the dawn of the twentieth century, as mankind was raising its hackles and nations were slowly preparing to go to war with each other in what would be the bloodiest war in history (until its sequel) – while all of that was going on, the “experts” in the medical field… the people you could trust… were promoting eugenics.  The systematic weeding out of undesirable human beings… because their lives and their rights just weren't that important.  Because they stood in the way of progress.  Tragically, the brainchild of that historic evil is embedded in our society to this day.  It's practiced every time an expecting mother walks into a clinic and allows a doctor – an “expert” – to destroy her unborn child.  Progress is progress, don't you know?  I'm so very proud to partner with preborn in combating this evil.  Please, go to https://www.preborn.com today and help us in the fight.   Sources For a complete list of sources for this episode, visit: https://www.glennbeck.com/glenn-beck-podcast/honest-history-sources-episode-1 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Översiktsserien fortsätter. Det kommer att handla om de progressiva, mugwumps och muckrakers, Robert La Follette och Hazen Pingree, miljonärsklubben, korruptionsbekämpning, vetenskapliga metoder, demokratisering, Branden i Triangle Shirtwaist factory, bekämpa Big Business och och Milk Stout. Glöm inte att prenumerera på podcasten! Ge den gärna betyg på iTunes! Följ podden på Facebook (facebook.com/stjarnbaneret), twitter (@stjarnbaneret) eller Instagram (@stjarnbaneret) Kontakta oss på: stjarnbaneret@gmail.com

The Big Lie: The Stench of Mainstream Corporate Media Richard Gale and Gary Null PhD Progressive Radio Network, April 14, 2020   The  liberal media -- New York Times and Washington Post, CNN and MSNBC, The Daily Beast, Alternet, Mother Jones, Daily Kos and others—has in Chris Hedge's words, “betrayed the core values they [liberals] use to define themselves—the rule of law, the safeguarding of civil liberties, the protection of unions, the preservation of social welfare programs, environmental accords, financial regulation, a defiance of unjust war and torture, and the abolition of drone wars.”  On the flip side, the conservative media such Fox, Sinclair and the Christian broadcasting networks, equally forsakes the most basic principles of human decency and compassion. During the early decades of the twentieth century, these ideals and causes would have been a standard platform that defined the progressive agenda from a liberal and humanist perspective. Modern progressivism's roots began with La Follette's Weekly, a publication founded by Senator Robert La Follette in 1909. Still in print,  but known as The Progressive, it remains a leading voice against war, militarism, oligarchic rule, and corporate interests that have hijacked and increasingly control Congress and the White House. When we consider the mainstream media networks and publications -- left and right -- how many have publicly expressed opposition to the escalation of America's wars and regime changes, greenhouse gas emissions, and the lobbying of Big Pharma, the agro-chemical and fossil fuel industries, and Wall Street?  Such corporate media outlets can't be found because in a full blown oligarchy they are the both the government's and its private financiers' partners in laying the foundation for a totalitarian nation. The media is incapable of reporting to Americans the true state of the country's domestic and cultural affairs and the harsh decline back to a developing nation. Both conservative and liberal media have failed to create a believable story that reflects the actual economic and social conditions of average Americans because it has not been able to move beyond the Red-Blue divide. All of our institutions today are bereft of ethical and spiritual substance. The right suffers from pre-rational superstition and anti-intellectualism that has turned the US into a laughing stock among developed countries. The left suffers from a highbrow intellect and a poverty of spirit that was once, and could be again, a moral and revolutionary force to relieve suffering and fight on behalf of peace and human and civil rights. Although most alternative liberal media disagree on particular policies, when election time arrives, all realistic principles are abandoned. Given the ease with which the liberal media betrays its stated ideals, we must call into question the integrity of the entire political establishment altogether and ask whether it is wise to compromise. If you have bought into the mainstream media and support either of the two parties now dominating Washington, then by extension this is what you have been condoning: Across the board the government and corporate America continue to deny the severity of climate change and global warming threats and therefore accept there is no urgency to take drastic measures to curb the rate of greenhouse gas emissions; Failure to cover the actual human and environmental risks of hydrofracking, tar sand oil and pipelines and instead only focusing on the spectacle of Standing Rock protests; Support the construction of new nuclear power reactors, believing in the myth and propaganda of clean coal, condoning indiscriminate hydrofracking in environmentally sensitive areas and allowing these industries to be subsidized by the taxpayer; Has shown to tolerate illegal wiretapping and a systematic surveillance of Americans by government intelligence agencies in allegiance with private cyber-security corporations; By ignoring the government's regressive surveillance efforts it is being complaint with violating privacy laws so that no citizen is protected from monitoring email, mobile phones, the internet, etc, because every citizen in the government's eyes is a potential threat to the country's national security By completely ignoring the end of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 by the Obama administration and now expanded upon by Trump, which forbids the US military from being deployed on domestic soil and acting against American citizens, the media is further advancing the military policing of the populace; The media's silence permits the US to transform into a police state as state, county and township police departments are increasingly militarized by the US armed forces and become extensions of the Department of Defense; Rarely does a federal or intelligence whistleblower ever appear on mainstream media. Its negligence in fact supports the silencing and prosecution of whistleblowers in government who come forth publicly to warn about criminal activities and corruption in government agencies; As our civil court system is being transformed into a military court model, it erodes the legal rights of citizens against government tyranny upon which our legal system is based; Ignoring the corruption and funding behind the entire private prison system that relies upon an infinite growth model of inmates, and the criminalization of poverty; Consistently acts against the rights of workers and unions, favoring treaties such as NAFTA, GATT and the forthcoming Trans Pacific and Trans Atlantic partnerships that further sell out American workers in return to greater profits to be overseas for the 1 percent; Gives preferential treatment to the medical insurance industry, which contributes nothing to the prevention and treatment of disease, and is silent about the private medical establishment writing the healthcare laws for the country;   Completely complicit in advancing the pharmaceutical agenda that vaccines are effective and safe and should be mandated nationally; Allowing the private agro-chemical industry headed by Monsanto and Dupont to write the agricultural laws in the country so that genetically modified crops and organisms are wrongfully considered safe for human and animal consumption and carry no risk to the environment; Denying the Federal Reserve's role in demolishing America's middle class and protecting the Wall Street oligarchy's control over the Fed and US Treasury at the public's expense; Judging Wall Street banks more worthy of forgiveness to receive debt relief and assistance from taxpayers than debt forgiveness to Americans who are underwater in their mortgages, credit, student loans and small business debts; Gross failure to independently analyze the adverse effects on the domestic economy and society from trillion dollar bailouts to Wall Street and mega-corporations;   Increasing America's military budget at home and abroad rather than feeding the nation's starving children and dealing with the growing number of homeless who have suffered at the hands of the government's compliance with Wall Street disaster capitalists; Ignoring the need for independent investigations and hearings into the current and past four administrations into the invasions of sovereign countries and covert efforts to fuel regime change; Ignoring the thousands of homicides and suicides committed by American soldiers and veterans who have been abused and forgotten by the US government since the launch of the war against terror and failing to make the association that the fundamental problem is war and the US's imperial ambitions; Failure to criticize despotic regimes that the US supports with dismal human rights records such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain, Israel's apartheid of Palestine, Brazil, Colombia, India; Launching sanctions against Iran that are responsible for untold suffering of Iranian citizens and children without any international proof that Iran poses either a regional or nuclear threat; From the perspective of universal values and higher spiritual ethics, these are among both Democrats' and Republicans' many faults. Many might perceive these charges as indicators of progress. However, since the captured pundits pretend to align themselves with faux and disingenuous progressive values, the media must be held accountable for its blind ignorance in giving voice to the Deep State and thereby undermining Constitutional rights and personal freedoms. Until Americans summon the courage to stand up and demand an end to the Deep State's corporate and intelligence stranglehold on our institutions of power, we are almost guaranteed to head further towards a complete cultural and economic collapse.

It's July 4th, 2019, and Thom is going to quickly recap the 4th period of American history (from McKinley in 1896 through Hoover in 1928), and its presidential losers: William Jennings Bryan, Alton Parker, Eugene Debs, Charles Evans Hughes, James Cox, John W. Davis, Robert La Follette, Burton Wheeler, and Al Smith. In addition he discusses some might-have-been-also-rans: Silver Dick Bland, Champ Clark, Charles Fairbanks, William Randolph Hearst, Leonard Wood, William Gibbs McAdoo, Hiram Johnson and Irvine Lenroot. 

This week, let's talk about the father of Earth Day! He did a lot of great stuff - like pushing for side effects to be listed with medications - and preached some racisms. Why do people suck so much? Resources Wikipedia Nelson Earth Day Founding of Earth Day Death-related article 95 speech on Earth Day Is the way we think about overpopulation racist? I’m an environmental journalist, but I never write about overpopulation. Here’s why. (Roberts) Environmentalism’s Racist History Perpetuating neo-colonialism through population control: South Africa and the United States Is Thanos Right About Killing People In 'Avengers: Infinity War'? Featured image from NASA Transcript Welcome to another edition of the Spooky Sconnie Podcast, the podcast that talks about everything, spooky paranormal, and weird in the state of Wisconsin. Since it's April, I thought that it would be remiss of me to not discuss the founder of Earth Day and the actual founding. And it was created by a Wisconsinite naturally. His name was Gaylord Nelson and he was born on June 4th, 1916 in a city called Clear Lake. Um, it's located up in Polk county which is kind of the upper north western corner of the state and it's about an hour away from Minneapolis. Nelson's father's parents - so his parental grandparents - were immigrants from Norway who moved to the area in 1878 and I couldn't find much about his maternal grandparents, but his mother was a nurse. Um, at least she completed the training to do that, but she spent most of the time kind of at home, spending time with the kids, that kind of stuff. ----more---- She taught Nelson a lot about the natural landscape and the world around him - while Nelson's father who was a doctor and very politically active, taught him about political life. And this reminded me a lot actually of college in an interesting way. Um, one of my history professors in college who I love, uh, we had a course on feminism in history and we talked a lot about the two spheres of the world in about the same time period. You had the domestic sphere, which was the realm of the woman who, you know, cleaned house and all of that. And then you had the public sphere, which was the realm of the man who did all of the outward things and voted and all that crap. So I had, this was a really clear cut example of that, which was interesting. In the time period we're talking about Clear Lake was not a great space to be in. There was a lot of pollution. Um, there was a lot of poverty. Of course, we're talking leading up to the Great Depression, which was not great anywhere, but especially in kind of tiny towns and rural areas. The Great Depression, you know, brought a lot of itinerant workers to the area. Um, a lot of people got grumpy about itinerant workers and not only was there an uptick in just general assholery, um, there was a lot of racism, a lot of extra bigger tree going on. And, and it's not exactly xenophobia because that's not, it's not exactly what this is what you can have people coming in from other spaces that are not your own space, I guess for lack of a better word xenaphobia is what was going on. Um, a bunch of the county's farmers actually went on strike in 1933 and it forced the local creamery to close down, which I think was interesting. Um, the works progress administration launched a bunch of projects in the region to do things like build roads, take care of wetlands, built the town's first sewer system, you know, things like that. Um, and Gaylord Nelson actually took a job shoveling stone on one of the crews, um, right after graduating from high school in the mid 1930s. And not only was it a lot of hard work, he also really didn't like the fact that he contributed to disturbing and destroying a lot of really beautiful natural habitats in the area and ruining fresh water in the name of progress. And that kind of pushed him to go to college. He followed his older sisters to San Jose State University. I couldn't figure out for the life of me what is actual major was in some sites said economics. Others said political science. Uh, I guess we don't know. I probably could have found out if I dug deeper, but I did not have time. It's okay. He really loved kind of exploring California and looking at all of the beautiful nature in the area, especially at the time period. And he would always come back home during the summers and worked in a cannery. He graduated in 1939 and in 1942 he also completed a bachelor of law degree at the UW law school here in Madison and was set to begin practicing law, but was quickly drafted into the army. While there he made first lieutenant, trained as a medical technician, um, commanded a segregated black company, and then spent the rest of the in Okinawa and actually met his future wife there who was a nurse named Carrie Lee Dotson. I honestly, I think it's really cute that his path, you know, like I don't know how his father and mother met, but to have to medically minded people in a relationship and then be somewhat medically minded and wind up in a relationship with another person similar. I think it's kind of cute. I'm a nerd. Um, when he came back from the war, the political landscape of Wisconsin was shifting a lot. The Republican Party, and when I'm talking about this right now, I'm not talking about the same Republican Party we see today. We're talking about the Republican Party of Lincoln era ideals. So think slightly more liberal than actual Republicans we think of today. So, they had enjoyed almost an exclusive rule of the state of Wisconsin since, uh, before the civil war. So really long standing and you know, there may be like rifts between groups in the party. There were some third parties, the popped up, but nothing that really stuck around significantly. And during this time period though is when things did start to shift from Lincoln era, republicans to Fox News he era Republicans - obviously, uh, you know, no TV yet, but that's kind of what was happening. And it was, uh, destroying the ideals of the party, shifting the party's platform, shifting who wanted to stay in the party. Um, and this was not something specifically limited to the Republican Party at the time, was kind of a everybody thing. I mean, think about it with the war, with the war ending, with all of the things that had just gone on, um, there was a lot of isolationism like, why the hell did we get in the war in the first place? It's not our business. Um, and that's kind of the, funny enough, that's one of the things that, um, at the time started help shifting, um, political ideologies. It's not much different than today, right? Where we have people questioning why are we getting involved in this conflict or that conflict? And not necessarily thinking about the, the general human rights of people everywhere. I don't know. That's a tangent. Um, so during this time period, Philip and Robert La Follette, um, who, who are the sons of the legendary progressive firebrand fighting Bob La Follette. Um, and we'll, we'll talk about him eventually. They had lead followers out of the Republican Party in 1934 and had suffered a lot of defeat and kind of came back and 46 and in that November, um, Bob the younger lost his Senate seat, which really signaled the end of an era here in Wisconsin. And you know, Gaylord Nelson was like, all right, I am going to try to bring this Republican progressivism to clear lake and I try to be in the state assembly. Let's do it. And he lost. Um, at the time though, he decided he was gonna move back to Madison. So he did that and he offered legal counsel to unions, spent time with a lot of friends from law school, really made some great connections. And then spent a lot of time talking with friends from law school and other spaces about rebranding the Democratic Party and about bringing that progressivism to this side. So what they really wanted to do was link people Milwaukee who were, um, you know, at the time, very pro union really, uh, you had a very large working class and then you had a lot of progressives who were feeling the pain of the shifting ideology and connect them with people in Madison who were and still are very much seen as, uh, a base of intelligence, right. Um, with the school here, with all of the educational opportunities, it's, it's kind of the smart kid town, um, to put up bluntly - not that people, Milwaukee aren't smart, but it's kind of seen as liberal safe haven. So to kind of link these two groups and see what they could do together, um, and see how much they could lift up people in rural areas and around the state. So in 1948 after what the capital times called a 'rip snorting hide tearing kind of campaign,' (oh my God) Um, won a seat in the state senate and he really championed advancing civil rights and reforming the government, um, and really pushing progressive ideals that people had been thinking about when Bob La Follette was really popular. Um, and, and making such big waves. He worked tirelessly throughout the state as the Democratic Party cochair for Wisconsin. And um, thankfully with, with all the work that he put in, um, you know, he, he was able to shift the state's political leanings and not single handedly mind you, but you played a major part. Through a large number of local and then statewide races through the 1950s, things began to change and shift back to more progressive ideologies and Democrats managed to replace Joe McCarthy - Yes, the motherfucker who haunted down leftists - with William Proxmire in 1957 and that was a huge win, not only for the state, but nationally and internationally. We had scared off a lot of entertainers, a lot of writers and artists who were very, very, very left leaning with the whole like Red Communist scare and McCarthy's, uh, for lack of a better term witch hunts. So it was really good to get him out. And maybe at some point if I feel like torturing myself, I will do an episode on him. I'm going to have to do it. I know I am, but not soon. The following year, so 1958 Nelson ran a successful campaign to be the state's second democratic governor of the century and the first governor ever from northern Wisconsin, which is pretty great. Um, he served four years as governor, uh, which was two, two year terms. And throughout his reign in, in the early 1960s, he pushed for better care and better protections for the environment. Um, he took what was at the time, a fairly large set of departments and divisions and Smush them down into the department of Resource Development, um, and established a youth conservation corps, which helped employ over a thousand young people and created green jobs for them where they were doing things to help preserve nature. And I'm really good things across the state. He also fought to earmark $50 million for the outdoor recreation action program, which, you know, bought up thousands of acres of land and converted them into public parks and wilderness areas. And those spaces serve, um, not only adds great spaces for families to visit and exist in, um, and you know, free, uh, entertainment spaces essentially. But they also really helped preserve a lot of wildlife. So I live in Madison. Um, you know, it's not necessarily - when you think of a college town, you don't think of deer walking down the road, you know, League of Turkey's crossing the road in the middle of your morning commute. And those things happen here and they have because we have the natural spaces that allow wildlife to thrive and live alongside humanity in a way that, um, uh, lots of places don't have because they didn't plan for it. And I think to Nelson's credit, um, he really helped create a space where wildlife and humanity could live side by side and not necessarily, um, but has a lot, unless someone's running late for work. And then there's a lot of honking - the Turkeys, uh, in our area that kind of wander about a two mile about area between like the school and our side of, um, like almost heading into Middleton, which is just a block over from us. And we'll see them walking down the sidewalk. They'll wait until they know it's safe to cross. Sometimes they'll stand in front of buses and it's always the dude's, and they will get very puffy and show off all their fancy feathers. And I just imagine Joe Pesci, that's the turkeys voice. I, I just kind of do, I'm gonna fuck you up. Like, I don't know. That is a super tangent too. I am so sorry. Not really though, because now you all envision what I envision every time I see the Turkeys job, she, um, another one of the things that Nelson really worked towards was ending the kind of lobbying system as it was set up then for the state of Wisconsin. If you're familiar with how lobbying works on the national level and how many people who are pro gun get a ton of money from, say the NRA or other, you know, uh, people who don't want to put so many restrictions on tobacco, get money from cigarette companies, et Cetera. Um, it's, I think it's a little better now than it was in the 90s. Thanks to some laws that had passed, but, um, it was bad. It was very bad and that was something similar going on in the state level here in the 60s, uh, like late fifties, early sixties. So he really switched that up. He, um, put a lot of restrictions on lobbyists so that they couldn't do that. He, um, just overall really consolidated the state government departments and made them work more efficiently. He really tried to champion, um, you know, racial - Oh my God, I'm having brain fog and I cannot think of the word that I want to use. Racial equity. Jeez, I'm so sorry. Um, just as an aside, if you don't have chronic illnesses, brain fog is something that's like almost a cognitive delay and you can't think of the right word or you might say Broccoli when you mean to say antidisestablishmentarianism like something that completely doesn't make sense. Anyway. So he really championed, um, racial equity and putting an end to discrimination, um, specifically on the basis of race or religion. Those were his babies. And he envisioned what he is quoted as talking about as "the creation of a social structure founded on quality instead of quantity and moral might instead of military might," which having been through war I'm sure came across really well to like, I've been through this, I helped treat people through this. It sucked. It was awful. Let's not do the military thing. In 1962, he was elected to the National Senate and served three consecutive terms. So he wound up serving from 1963 to 1981. And when he got there in [inaudible] 63, he basically immediately signed on as a cosponsor of President Kennedy's civil rights bill and participated in the march on Washington. Um, he also convinced JFK to start a national speaking tour to discuss conservation and environmental issues. And as President Johnson came into power, he really, um, Nelson pushed for advanced civil rights legislation and ending poverty. He really, really wanted to fight that. And I'm sure growing up during the Great Depression, um, and in a city where people were very, very hard hit by that pushed him to champion that cause he really saw these, um, things linked to his environmental agenda. Right. Cause it's not just about conserving natural resources, it's about using human resources. Well it's about, you know, uh, if we end poverty, there will be fewer excuses to do things that negatively impact the environment. Um, because we'll be able to live at a baseline that allows us to make smarter decisions and, um, do things that help protect the environment as opposed to negatively impacting it. In 1964 he wrote the following. We cannot let us situation continue in which millions of our fellow citizens do not have a suitable environment in which to live and raise their families. So he proposed a slate of federally funded green jobs. He talked to officials around the country and um, you know, talked a lot with President Johnson about how much, you know, Labor was out there not being utilized. Um, and how if we could create more jobs focused on environmentalism where you are not only help the environment, the create jobs that could help bring families out of the poverty cycle and lift them up. In 1965, he chided President Johnson for not doing enough to stop the lawlessness, terrorism and economic coercion in the Jim Crow south perpetuated against civil rights activists. He worked to secure federal protections for activists as a part of the civil rights act in 1968. He was an early and very passionate critic of the Vietnam War and also really disliked the misappropriation of public funds that was happening. Um, during the time period too. It became clear to him that spending so many public funds on even things like environmental Islam was not going to actually fix things. Yeah. DDT, a pesticide that was developed during this time period, um, and it was sprayed on lawns like here in the Madison area. And we watched as it began showing up and fish and groundwater all over the nation after it was used. Um, you know, other synthetic chemicals and things like detergents or as a result of mining practices and industrial production and pollution, you know, spread it throughout the water. He had smog all over because of no standards on car missions, contaminants in food, um, large numbers of pharmaceuticals showing up in waterways because people would just flush them instead of like turning them into the police, which is probably out of that system got started. Um, and really what he saw, and he talks about this in 1965 is that quote, man cannot live or act apart from his environment. And, and really what he saw was, you know, we were being so wasteful. We were being so thoughtless and careless, um, and not necessarily always have our own accord, right? The average person isn't like, 'oh, nothing's going to happen if I flush these down the toilet.' Like, they've got a other things going on. Right? But how do we lift up through education? How do we offer it up through, um, talking about it through public awareness so that we know that those things are great to do. Right? So he immediately called for sweeping government regulations, bans on pesticides like DDT and the end of the internal combustion engine, bans on dumping and waterways and oceans and even, um, had a constitutional amendment that guaranteed every person had the right to a decent environment, which I think is a fascinating idea. In July of 1967, there was a riot in Milwaukee that, um, turned deadly and I don't know the full story, so we'll probably explore that at some point. But he attributed this to thousands of citizens with inadequate educations, low incomes, poor housing, and poor job opportunities as a soldier in Johnson's war on poverty. He got more excited about that than the president did. He wanted to have a 10 billion with a B dollar program of public works projects and job training. Um, and wow Johnson was excited about that. He was like, I'll give you a 10th of what you asked for. And you know, Nelson proposed a ton of projects and they really took off, including things like the national teacher core, what's trained new educators, particularly a high concentration of people of color to then turn around and teach in impoverished schools. And kids began seeing themselves in their teachers. And I think that is incredibly amazing. During his 1968 reelection campaign, Nelson was praised by Vince Lombardi, the general manager and former coach of the green bay packers as the nation's number one conservationist at our banquet in Oshkosh. And Oshkosh is about an hour southwest of Green Bay or 25 minutes south of Appleton, if you know where those places are. Um, Nelson decided while his campaign, I don't know who exactly made the decision to turn that banquet speech into a radio and television campaign commercial and pissed Lombardi off because Lombardi was, uh, like he and his wife were very republican and the Republican Party was pissed too. So it did not, uh, make him friends with the Lombardy's. Let's just say that in 1970, Nelson called for congressional hearings on the safety of combined oral contraceptive pills, which are famously called the Nelson pill hearings. And as a result of the work that he did, side effect disclosure in patient inserts were required for the bill, which was the first disclosure for a pharmaceutical drug. I'm going to say it again. That was the first disclosure of side effects for a prescribed drug that got to patients. Holy Shit. Like I take a bunch of medications. Okay. Like I am alive because of that literally or inflammation in my body would probably have killed me by now. And the fact that I could potentially not have known about a side effect by being born just a couple of decades earlier, Holy Shit. And to not know which side effects are coming from which medications or side effects or even possible from some medications like birthdays. Great. And we'll get into it. But this, this is what makes Nelson cool in my mind. He made it so that patients knew what we were getting ourselves into and that is bad ass anyway. So, earth day. Or if they began as a teach-in about environmental issues and um, he really, Nelson wanted to propose a day where everyone around the nation could host like a teach in, you know, teachers could teach it to students and people could talk about it in library or universities and, and elsewhere, right, to really talk about environmental problems and what can we do to fix them. And immediately it took off national media, like picked it up and ran with it and his office got flooded by letters of support. Um, so he, he turned around and he created very small national office, um, that was there to help offer support to people around the nation that were going through, um, and creating grassroots efforts to educate and to enact change. He didn't like the idea of something like a top down organization because it never works out the way you want it to. Um, instead, he, he later reflected "earth day planned itself." An estimated 20 million Americans gathered on April 22nd, 1970 to talk about, um, the ecological troubles going on in their cities going on in larger spaces and not only to demand action from each other and to plan direct action, but also to demand action and accountability from their elected officials. And that's important. It really kicked off the, um, environmental decade, right? We think of the 70s, we think of vague he'd be is and Oh, all these people who on a leg not go to war and like not destroy the environment. So weird. Um, with, with all that Nelson did in the 60s, he tried to pass so many things. He tried to get so many things moving and now he was involved in so much. So not only did he, um, create earth, Earth Day, right? He's also involved in clean water act, the National Wild and scenic rivers act, the Federal Pesticides Act, the clean air act, the Environmental Education Act, the national hiking trails and national scenic trails act, and the establishment of the apostle islands national lake shore. That lake shore and where the apostle islands are - it's about two hours east of Duluth, Minnesota or like six hours north of Madison and it's beautiful - the water is gorgeous. I've not been myself, but I look at pictures and I go, 'I need to go to there.' Um, and it's just a gorgeous space and to be able to preserve that so that it's there for everyone to visit and enjoy. It was pretty great. He was also actually a pretty big advocate of small businesses, which I think is cool. He was a chairman of the Senate Small Business Committee and um, led efforts to authorize the first modern White House correspondence on small business, created the system of small business development at universities and really improve the way that federal agencies handle small business and other entities, um, through what's called the Regulatory Flexibility Act. I'm not going to talk about it. It's like over my head. But he did the thing. In 1973 he was one of three senators who opposed the nomination of Gerald Ford to be vice president, the other two word, Thomas Eagleton and William Hathaway. I couldn't figure out why, but I also didn't really look that hard into it. So hmm. After Nelson's 1980 defeat for reelection, he became counselor for the Wilderness Society in January of 1981 in September of 1980 or sorry, in September of 1995 in recognition of all of his work for the environment, he received the Presidential Medal of freedom. He viewed the stabilization of the nation's population as an important aspect of environmentalism. And these are his words: 'The bigger the population gets, the more serious the problems become ... We have to address the population issue. The United Nations, with the U.S. supporting it, took the position in Cairo in 1994 that every country was responsible for stabilizing its own population. It can be done. But in this country, it's phony to say "I'm for the environment but not for limiting immigration."' We're gonna get into that. Trust me. He also rejected the suggestion that economic development should be more important than an um, environmental protection because as he said, "the economy is a wholly owned subsidiary of the environment, not the other way around." At the end of the Cold War, um, he called for the US and Russia to allocate resources to working on environmental issues. He lobbied friends and Congress to stand up to, um, the vintage McCarthyism of the executive branch after the September 11th terrorist attacks, which I think is cool. Um, and then in the nineties, he really did get into this overpopulation idea. It's bad. We're going to go into it in just a second. I just want to like get to where he dies first and then we're going to go back into this. Um, do, do, do, do, do. So yeah. He received numerous awards and tuning, including two for the United Nations Environment Program. Um, he gave a speech about Earth Day in 1995 where he said some of the following: "All economic activity is dependent upon that environment with its underlying resource base. When the environment is finally forced to file under Chapter 11 because its resource base has been polluted, degraded, dissipated, irretrievably compromised, then, the economy goes down into bankruptcy with it because the economy is just a subset within the ecological system." - which, yeah, I mean, that makes sense to me. "We are dealing with a social, ecological and economic challenge unlike any other in our history. It is a challenge that begs for the kind of dedicated, inspirational leadership provided by Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in their pursuit of victory in the Second World War. This challenge is far more serious than the military threat to the democratic west in World War n. Nations can recover from lost wars-­witness Germany and Japan--but there is no recovery from a destroyed ecosystem." - which again, like, yeah, that makes sense. In 2002, he appeared on the show To Tell The Truth as a contestant. Um, and then he died of cardiovascular failure at age 89 on July 3rd, 2005. There's a buncha places around the state named after him, including the Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, or it's also just called the Nelson Institute here at Uw Madison. So now let's get into this overpopulation bullshit. So it's not great. It is not great fam. Um, some in the 1990s is when he starts championing this. There's this guy named Paul Ehrlich who is the author of, a classic book in Environmental Studies called the population bomb. And he served as an earth day adviser to Gaylord Nelson. And one of the things that Nelson wanted to push for, um, I think partially because of Ehrlich was for better family planning services and it wasn't because let's make sure people are ready to have kids. Let's make sure you know, people's choices as human beings are respected. It was because of concerns about overpopulation. He pushed the u s to shrink immigration quotas and help other nations establish their own population controls. And you know, people really push back because it's dismissive of things. The immigrants and people who go through asylum or like, apply for asylum. Go through. Um, it doesn't take into account disparities in various parts of the world. So the, the crux of the matter is the ideas about overpopulation are often rooted in racism, classism, ableism, and of course the cisheteronormative, white patriarchy. Um, often people who are harmed by these policies are not white. They are not middle to upper class, they are not abled. And often they're also not cisgender or heterosexual or men. And I think we have to sit with that thought, right? Sure. More people might live in different parts of the state and the different parts of the country, more people tend to move to cities because those are where the jobs are. That doesn't mean that we set - whether at the city, state, or national level - limits on how many people can live here. If we go back to the idea of America being like every person for themselves and the American dream and pursuit of happiness bullshit, which was never actually accurate, um, any of those limits would put a huge damper on all of that. And those, those ideas don't Mesh. Um, in a 2017 article for Vox, David Roberts dives deeper: 'In practice, where you find concern over “population,” you very often find racism, xenophobia, or eugenics lurking in the wings. It’s almost always, ahem, particular populations that need reducing. History is replete with examples, but perhaps the most germane recent episode was less than 20 years ago, at the Sierra Club, which was riven by divisions over immigration. A group of grassroots members, with some help from powerful funders, attempted to take over the national organization. These members advocated sharply restricting immigration, saying the US should be reducing rather than increasing its population. Their contention is that the country’s open immigration policies are hurting the environment by bringing in poor immigrants and making them richer, thus increasing their environmental impact. Of course, they swore up and down that xenophobia had nothing to do with it... I don’t doubt that it’s possible to be concerned about the environmental stresses population brings without any racism or xenophobia — I’ve met many people who fit that description, and there were well-meaning (if quite mistaken) population-focused groups in the ’70s and ’80s — but in terms of public discussion and advocacy, anyone explicitly expressing that concern starts out behind the eight ball. The mere mention of “population” raises all sorts of ugly historical associations.' Roberts is not wrong here at all. I think he's just leaving out pieces that maybe two years later we understand better or maybe it's because I'm disabled, Queer and Trans, I don't know, but we're not talking about the ableism. We're not talking about that. The US already places heavy restrictions on the number of disabled people that come come over because of what a 'strain' on our resources they would be - and let's not pretend the countries like Canada are any better. All the people after the 2016 presidential election telling me I should move to Canada - guess what? Canada won't have me because I will place too much of a burden on their healthcare system. First world countries already put these kinds of restrictions in place and we're supposed to think that making those restrictions broader and even more awful is going to help? All it's going to do is lead to population decrease because people are dying. And I don't know about y'all. I don't want that fucking shit on my conscience. (I almost said conference again, brain fog.) Um, and the way Roberts talks about this in the article, it's not about article. I definitely suggeste just reading it but do keep in mind it's from a very cis, Hetero Normative Lens, Aka there's binary gendered language and um, it's under the assumption that like parents who do the sex are going to have the kids because one does the eggs and one does the sperm and that's not reality. Um, yeah, so I've put a link to it in the show notes. I've put a link to a couple of other, um, pieces that are along a similar nature. There's a piece from the Guardian that discusses two sides of the issue, um, including like how beneficial large cities are, how they can be like technological-idea-producing cities out like, like San Francisco. That was phrased terribly - I am sorry. But like, cities tend to push technology further and it's like not only because of necessity but also like it just serves as an incubator. Green living tends to excel in cities too because you've got people like in San Francisco that are doing composting. They have city-wide composting. Madison just did composting for a while. It wasn't well like put out there. I had no idea until they stopped the program. Uh, now you got a bunch of people living in apartments and they have nowhere to do their compost. Like I know for a city, so rooted in environmental action, not great anyway. You know, it seems, it seems to me that the people who are against overpopulation are also against ways we might fight against that. (You know, like not ones rooted in white supremacist Bullshit.) If the concern was about actual quality of life or the environment, right, we would focus not on population density or overpopulation. Instead we'd put our energy into lifting up the quality of life of everyone, especially those living in large cities. We would focus on improving access to things like family planning, comprehensive sex ED, contraception. We would improve equality between the many genders, including pay, and destroy legislation that allows not only different genders, but disabled folks to be paid cents on the dollar. We'd improve adoption rates. We'd work better to like provide foster families with the resources and tools they need. We'd promote and accept families created in any form instead of telling Queer families they can't adopt more kids. We'd also stop approving and putting out articles, tearing down millennials like me who aren't going to have kids. But then again, I'm American and white, so my kids are the ones that they'd probably want to have around until they learned that I'm disabled. And that's what I got to say about that. Yeah, it's always good to end the episode on a great diatribe. Ah, yeah. Um, cool. Please, please, please, please, please, if you are listening on stitcher or apple podcasts or another program that allows you to rate, please do it. It helps people find the podcast. It makes me feel good and lets me put up cool things at work that say, 'hey, people should listen to my podcast cause other people like it.' Yes, I'm a nerd. I just started a fulltime job and um, and told people about the podcast. People are already excited about the prospect of listening to it. They probably will have forgotten the name of it, which I'm okay with. But um, it's exciting to be able to talk more about it as like something cool instead of like, oh yeah, I got this thing mumble, mumble, mumble. Anyway, please. Again, if you have the ability to subscribe, stitcher lets you do that. Well like every podcast app lets you subscribe I guess. But subscribe rate. Tell me what you think is going on that's good, or bad. Tell me if you think I should edit more then I do, which is not very much. Um, yeah, give me your thoughts. Send me emails to me. Facebook messages. Let's tweet at each other. Let's be friends. Um, I'd love to hear from people. I'd love to hear what people think is working, not working, what they'd like to see, all that stuff. Um, but for now, I have a date with some tacos and I hope soon who you also have tacos. You just listened to the Spooky Sconnie podcast. It is produced every two weeks by me, Kirsten Schultz. The intro, outro music is from Purple Plant. You can find show notes and more over at spookysconnie.podbean.com, including a transcript in case you missed anything. Take a minute and rate and subscribe if you can. You'll help more people see the show by rating and you won't miss a single episode if you subscribe, and that's pretty dope. You can support the show over at patreon.com/spookysconniepodcast and you can email me anything you'd like me to know at spookysconniepodcast@gmail.com. Meantime, sleep tight. Don't let the badgers bite. Bye.

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the first half of the 20th century the American historian Charles Austin Beard enjoyed both professional success and a national prominence that suffered with his outspoken opposition to the direction of foreign policy under Franklin Roosevelt. In Charles Austin Beard: The Return of the Master Historian of American Imperialism (Cornell University Press, 2018), Richard Drake traces the development of Beard’s ideas in this area and his involvement in the contemporary discourse over current events. Drake identifies Beard’s time at Oxford University as key to the development of his thinking, with his introduction to the works of John Ruskin and John Atkinson Hobson. Though Beard’s early writings led to a friendship with the progressive politician Robert La Follette, the two men disagreed about America’s intervention in the First World War, a cause Beard supported. In its aftermath, however, Beard reconsidered his opinion, and by the 1930s emerged as a prominent critic of America’s involvement in overseas disputes. Beard held to his views even after America’s entry into the Second World War, establishing an unlikely association with former president Herbert Hoover and offering a prescient critique in its aftermath of the consequences of America’s postwar foreign policy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices