Podcast appearances and mentions of roy strowd

ASCO: You're listening to a podcast from Cancer.Net. This cancer information website is produced by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, known as ASCO, the voice of the world's oncology professionals. The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guests' statements on this podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Cancer research discussed in this podcast is ongoing, so data described here may change as research progresses. The theme of the 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting was “Partnering With Patients: The Cornerstone of Cancer Care and Research.” From June 2 to 6 in Chicago, Illinois, and online, cancer researchers and clinicians from around the world gathered to discuss the latest cancer research and how to ensure that all people receive the cancer care they need. In the Research Round Up series, members of the Cancer.Net Editorial Board discuss the most exciting and practice-changing research in their field presented at the meeting, and explain what it means for people with cancer. In today's episode, our guests will discuss new research in breast cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and brain tumors. First, Dr. Norah Lynn Henry discusses new research in early stage and metastatic breast cancer. Dr. Henry is Professor and Interim Chief of the University of Michigan's Division of Hematology/Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine and the Breast Oncology Disease Lead at the Rogel Cancer Center. She is also the 2023 Cancer.Net Associate Editor for Breast Cancer. You can view Dr. Henry's disclosures at Cancer.Net. Dr. Henry: Hi, I'm Dr. Lynn Henry, a breast cancer oncologist from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center. Welcome to this quick summary of the most exciting new research in breast cancer that was presented at the 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting. I have no conflicts of interest for any of the trials that I will talk about. First, I'm going to give a very brief overview of the types of breast cancer, then talk about some research that was presented on both early-stage and metastatic breast cancer. As a reminder, there are multiple kinds of breast cancer. Some breast cancers are called hormone receptor-positive or estrogen receptor-positive and are stimulated to grow by the hormone estrogen. We treat those cancers with anti-estrogen or anti-endocrine treatments, which block estrogen or lower estrogen levels. Other breast cancers are called HER2-positive. These are often more aggressive cancers. But because they have extra copies of HER2, they often respond to treatments that block HER2. Finally, there are breast cancers that don't have hormone receptors or HER2. These are called triple-negative breast cancer and are also often aggressive cancers. Most of the results I'm going to highlight today are treatments for estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. One of the main stories from the ASCO Annual Meeting was the result of the NATALEE trial. At the present time, for patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer who were at high risk of having their breast cancer come back, the currently recommended treatment is anti-endocrine therapy. Based on the results of a prior trial called monarchE, we also consider adding a medicine called abemaciclib, which turns off some enzymes in the cell that are called CDK4 and CDK6, which are known to make estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells grow. Abemaciclib can further reduce the risk of cancer recurrence compared to endocrine therapy alone, but it does have some side effects, most commonly, diarrhea. In the NATALEE trial, which was presented for the first time at this ASCO meeting, researchers studied a similar type of medication called ribociclib. It acts similarly to abemaciclib, although it is more likely to cause low blood counts and less likely to cause diarrhea. Ribociclib is currently routinely used in combination with anti-endocrine therapy to treat patients with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer but is not yet routinely used in the early-stage setting. In the NATALEE trial, patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer who are at high risk of breast cancer recurrence were enrolled. Half the patients were treated with just standard anti-endocrine therapy and half also received ribociclib for 3 years. After the 3-year treatment period, those who received both ribociclib and anti-endocrine therapy were about 25% less likely to have their cancer come back compared to those who received only anti-endocrine therapy. Overall, the medication was quite well tolerated. It is important to note that this drug is not yet FDA-approved in the setting. The remaining trials I will highlight are for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. There were many trials examining how best to use drugs that we are actually already using in the clinic. For example, many presentations were about the CDK4/6 inhibitors that I just mentioned. Typically, patients who have just been diagnosed with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer get treated with anti-endocrine therapy plus a CDK4/6 inhibitor. One trial called SONIA examined whether this is the right approach, or whether patients should just get the anti-endocrine therapy up front and hold off on starting the CDK4/6 inhibitor medication until a later time. It appears that this delayed approach would reduce symptoms as well as cost of the medication, while not reducing benefit from the treatment. Therefore, it appears it is likely fine for some patients to get just anti-endocrine therapy alone initially. However, we don't know how to identify those patients. Researchers are still figuring out which patients should follow this new treatment plan and which should keep getting the double therapy at the beginning. Some more to come in the future. There was a different trial called PADA-1 that included patients taking anti-endocrine therapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, upfront. Those patients were monitored using a blood test, looking for a mutation or a change in the estrogen receptor in the cancer. Patients who had that mutation either remained on the same treatment that they'd been on or switched to the next line of therapy, even though their scans didn't show any progression of their cancer. Overall, this switching strategy looks like a very promising approach for managing patients since it may help patients' cancer respond to treatment for a longer period of time. Although this approach is not yet officially recommended according to our guidelines. In another example, many patients with all types of metastatic breast cancer are treated with a drug called capecitabine, also known as Xeloda. Although this drug is effective for many cancers, many patients experience hand-foot syndrome, nausea, diarrhea, and mouth sores. In the X7-7 clinical trial, the researchers compared the official standard FDA-approved dose based on a patient's height and weight and given for 14 days followed by 7 days off. That was compared to a fixed dose of treatment given 7 days on and 7 days off. The trial found that the fixed-dose regimen was easier to tolerate, but importantly, the benefit from the 2 doses and schedules of treatment appears to be similar. Therefore, we will likely be using this lower dose, 7 days on and 7 days off, for most of our patients who receive treatment with capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer, since it is likely to improve their quality of life while not negatively impacting the potential benefit they receive from the therapy. There were a lot of other research findings presented that are related to treatment for both early-stage and metastatic breast cancer at the meeting. Importantly, we got glimpses of the many new drugs on the horizon for treatment of breast cancer, including a new antibody-drug conjugate against HER2, as well as other new anti-endocrine and targeted treatments. We eagerly await the results of large, randomized trials so the drugs that work can be used to treat patients with breast cancer. But for now, that's it for this quick summary of important research from the 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting. Stay tuned to Cancer.Net for future updates from upcoming breast cancer conferences. Thank you. ASCO: Thank you, Dr. Henry. Next, Dr. Christopher Flowers discusses new research in lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Dr. Flowers is the Chair of the Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Division Head ad interim of Cancer Medicine. He is also the 2023 Cancer.Net Associate Editor for Lymphoma. You can view Dr. Flowers' disclosures at Cancer.Net. Dr. Flowers: Hello. I'm Dr. Christopher Flowers, professor and chair of the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma and interim division head for cancer medicine at the University of Texas MD Anderson. And it's my pleasure to talk to you today in this Cancer.Net podcast about latest updates in the hematological malignancies focused on lymphoid cancers from the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. The ASCO Annual Meeting every year is an exciting time for latest updates in the care of patients with cancer. And in particular this year, there were 3 abstracts that I'd like to highlight that were presentations at this meeting about lymphoid malignancies that have potential significant impact for patients over time. The first 2 come from a special session that was on late-breaking abstracts that were latest advances from clinical trials. The first is from the ZUMA-7 trial. This is a trial looking at axicabtagene ciloleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, or CAR T-cell therapy. The CAR T-cell trial in question here was led by Jason Westin, who's a colleague of mine at MD Anderson. And MD Anderson is a partner with Kite pharmaceutical company that is a manufacturer of this and has a research alliance with that group. In the ZUMA-7 trial, this was a trial that involved the use of CAR T-cell therapy in comparison to standard-of-care therapy, which typically would be aggressive chemoimmunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with relapse of large B-cell lymphoma. As many of you may know, large B-cell lymphoma is a kind of lymphoma that is potentially curable with standard frontline therapy. And when patients relapse, the standard of care historically had been for patients to receive autologous stem cell transplantation, which is also potentially a curative therapy. This trial to do a ZUMA-7 trial compared patients who received the typical standard of care, the autologous stem cell transplant following the aggressive chemoimmunotherapy regimen for patients who had relapsed early after their initial therapy, so within 12 months, or were refractory, meaning that they did not respond to their initial therapy. And this was compared to the axicabtagene ciloleucel or axi-cel CAR T-cell therapy. The initial publication of the trial came out in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2022 and showed that the event-free survival for patients who receive CAR T-cell therapy was superior. This update of the ZUMA-7 trial at the ASCO Annual Meeting that was presented by my colleague, Jason Westin, discussed the overall survival of the study, and in this update, it showed that overall survival was also improved for patients who received axi-cel as opposed to standard-of-care therapy. And now with a median follow-up of a little bit more than 47 months, axi-cel demonstrated superiority that was statistically significant and clinically meaningful over the traditional standard of care. In that same session, there was another trial looking at CAR T-cell therapy for patients with multiple myeloma. This was a BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy that was presented by Dr. Dhakal in that session providing results from the CARTITUDE-4 global randomized phase 3 clinical trial. That was a trial that involved 419 patients where patients were randomized to cilta-cel CAR T-cell therapy for myeloma or standard-of-care therapy, which in this case included combination therapy. And in this trial, this showed that single agent with a single cell-to-cell infusion significantly improved progression-free survival versus standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma who had 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy and were refractory to lenalidomide. This is also a meaningful advance for patients with this disease. And the final abstract that I'll mention is an abstract that was presented by Dr. Alex Herrera from City of Hope and was presented in the Plenary session. And it was really exciting to see a Plenary session presentation focusing on lymphomas. So this trial presented by Dr. Herrera was led by the Southwest Oncology Group. Dr. Sara Ahmed from MD Anderson, from my institution, was a participant and actively engaged in this clinical trial. This trial was a success in a number of ways. First, it involved both pediatric and adult patients and is one of the first trials of its kind to involve both large populations of patients with pediatric lymphomas as well as adults with lymphomas. It helps to consolidate the approaches that we use for Hodgkin lymphoma, both in the pediatric population and the adult population. It also represents a major advance in the ways that we conduct clinical trials in the United States in that this clinical trial finished ahead of schedule in terms of completion of the trial with collaboration from the adult and pediatric groups across the National Clinical Trials Network. As I mentioned, this was presented by Dr. Alex Herrera in the Plenary session and involved patients with stage 3, 4 Hodgkin lymphoma, where patients were randomized 1 to 1 either to receive an anti-PD-1 therapy, nivolumab, with chemotherapy, the AVD chemotherapy regimen, or the antibody-drug conjugate, brentuximab vendotin, combined with that same AVD chemotherapy. And what this showed in 994 patients who were enrolled from 2019 to 2022 was that there was a benefit for patients who received the combination of nivolumab AVD or NAVD versus the group that received brentuximab and AVD. It improved the progression-free survival in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. In this trial, few immune-related adverse events were observed and a lesser number of patients went on to receive radiation therapy, which is also a benefit for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. And this concludes my presentation of abstracts at the ASCO Annual Meeting and really exciting advances for patients with lymphoma that were presented this year. ASCO: Thank you, Dr. Flowers. Finally, Dr. Roy Strowd discusses new research in treating brain tumors, including those in people with von Hippel Lindau syndrome. Dr. Strowd is a neurologist and neuro-oncologist at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center. He is also the 2023 Cancer.Net Associate Editor for Central Nervous System Tumors. You can view Dr. Strowd's disclosures at Cancer.Net. Dr. Strowd: Hello, everyone. This is Roy Strowd. I'm a physician neuro-oncologist at Wake Forest University School of Medicine in our comprehensive cancer center. And I'm really excited to be with you for this podcast on important CNS or brain tumor updates from the 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting. I don't have any relevant disclosures for the research that we'll discuss today. It was a really exciting meeting. It was actually a really fun meeting to be a brain tumor doctor at ASCO this year. So I'm really excited to talk with you about some important updates. And I think it's actually a really important time to be a patient and a caregiver and know some of the things going on in brain tumor care. So I'm going to dive into 3 studies. And one that we just have to talk about, and this was a really exciting study called the INDIGO study. At ASCO, if you present a study, you want to have a Plenary presentation, you want to be up on the big stage presenting your work. And brain tumor studies aren't always on the big stage. We just haven't had enough really good treatments out there for brain tumor patients over the years. And this year, we had a Plenary presentation, a really big study, making a big splash. And that was this INDIGO study. So I'm going to spend a few minutes talking about that study. I want brain tumor patients and caregivers to know about this and know about some of the important updates from the Annual Meeting. The study was called the INDIGO study, and it's a phase 3 study. So when you think about clinical trials, there's a phase 1, phase 2, phase 3. That phase 3 is that last step, that last hurdle that a drug needs to overcome to move towards approval. And a positive phase 3 study is really exciting for the field and means that we may have a new treatment that will change how we take care of brain tumor patients. And that's what this study was. It was also a really unique study. So it's looking at a different group of brain tumor patients, patients that have an IDH mutant glioma. Most common brain tumors that we see are the glioblastomas. And those are often and really, by rule, IDH wild-type. IDH is a gene. It's called the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene. And it's one of these really important genes for us to understand how brain tumors are going to work and how they act and it turns out, with this study, how they may respond to treatment. So this study looked at enrolling patients that had an IDH-mutant low-grade glioma, or a grade 2 glioma. Those are those often slower-growing, but they continuously grow tumors that occur early in life, typically in the 30s or 40s for young people. And we haven't really had a lot of good treatments for these patients. And so this study looked at giving a new drug that's called vorasidenib. It's hard to say vorasidenib. And it's an IDH mutant inhibitor. So it attacks that IDH mutant gene that makes these tumors what they are. And it's been undergoing development for many years. It's an exciting treatment because it's what we call a molecularly targeted treatment. It specifically targets that IDH gene that makes the low-grade tumors low-grade tumors. This study enrolled 331 patients, so a large group of patients. Half of those patients received the drug, the vorasidenib, and half received placebo. And that's pretty uncommon in cancer. We don't often do studies that are placebo-controlled studies. But for these patients, there's often not a good treatment early in the course, they get surgery. And for patients that don't need an additional treatment, we do surgery and then we wait and watch and see what happens. And that gives us an opportunity as a brain tumor community to figure out whether this type of treatment will help prevent the need for a next treatment, prevent the need for radiation and chemotherapy. And so that's what was looked at in this study. And there was some really exciting data. So I'm going to go through a few numbers, but we just got to talk about these numbers because they're really important. So at 14 months, 28% of the patients receiving the drug vorasidenib had progressions. That's about a quarter of patients compared to half that received placebo. So that's a big improvement in the number of patients whose tumor grew. So this drug prevented tumor growth in these patients. And that's exactly what we want. That's why we develop drugs, is to prevent tumor growth. When we look at the time that those patients had until they needed a next treatment or until their tumor grew, it was over 2 years of time patients receiving the drug when their tumor grew versus less than a year, 11 months for those receiving placebo. So it's adding a lot of time for brain tumor patients without tumor growth or without needing another treatment. And typically, these patients with low-grade gliomas would need something like radiation therapy or chemotherapy. And those are good treatments, and we need those treatments. But they can have toxicity. And so this is the type of drug that could prevent that toxicity, cognitive decline, other problems that can happen with chemotherapy that those patients didn't potentially suffer. So there are some important things that we learned from the INDIGO study that I would want you to take away, kind of what do these data mean? The first is that we can target this IDH gene. And that's really important for our field. And it means if you're a brain tumor patient, knowing whether your tumor is IDH mutant or IDH wild-type is important, and that's something I want brain tumor patients to ask me as a neuro-oncologist and ask their cancer doctor because that's important in deciding treatment for them. The second is this medicine vorasidenib, it gets into the brain. And that's one of the big challenges that we have in brain tumor care in developing drugs is we need things that get into the brain. And this study really shows that this is a good medicine. There's a number of IDH inhibitors, but this medicine vorasidenib is one that we want to specifically think about for our patients. And this is a practice-changing study. So for the first time, we now have a treatment that works for grade 2 gliomas and really prevents the need for radiation therapy and chemotherapy. So those are 3 important things to take away from this. There's a number of things that we don't yet know. This medicine is not available. So patients coming in and emailing me and calling me, we don't have it yet. And after a big phase 3 study like this, this is announced. There's still a number of steps that need to happen to make sure that this can be delivered to patients safely and we can get it out there. And that's in partnership with groups like the FDA, the Food and Drug Administration, and others. So this is an important conversation to have with patients, neuro-oncologists, and to know that this is something that's on the horizon. Two other things is we don't know if this is going to work for all brain tumors. In particular, for these IDH wild-type glioblastomas, the most common brain tumor, this probably is not a good therapy that we don't have any data to suggest that it would work. They don't have that IDH mutation. And so this is important for some brain tumor patients but not for everybody. And that needs to prompt a conversation with the cancer doctor. And it may not work at all times. So there's some data to suggest that this is really a drug that's best given early in the course of treatment and not later on. And so it is something that I want my patients to be aware of at the first time that I see them so we can be deciding what kind of the right time is. So I want to give folks 2 take-homes from this study and summarize a few of these things that we heard about because it's such an important study. So what are the 2 take-homes from the INDIGO Study? The first that I wrote down is targeting IDH mutation in glioma works. And that's a groundbreaking discovery from this. This is really important for our field. IDH mutations have been important to diagnose brain tumors but have never been really a therapeutic target. And this changes the landscape, and we can now target IDH mutations in gliomas. And that's really important. The second thing, the second real take-home message, is we can safely delay radiation therapy and chemotherapy in some patients with these lower-grade gliomas, potentially with IDH mutation and IDH inhibition. And that's really important. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are important, but if we can delay those treatments and prevent side effects, that could be helpful for some of our patients. So really important update from ASCO and what I want to spend most of the time on our podcast focusing on this INDIGO study. But there were a bunch of other things going on in brain tumors at ASCO, as there always are. And I want to highlight 2 studies about some things that the groups of patients may be interested in knowing that happened at the meeting. The first is a study called the INB-200 study. And this is a phase 1 study, so it's earlier in development. But it's an immunotherapy study. And brain tumor patients and caregivers will know that we've really wanted to find an immunotherapy that works for brain tumors. And we haven't yet. And we're still not there, but this study is an important step in that direction. So this study from a group at the University of Alabama looked at something called gamma delta T cells. And T cells are really important. They're part of the anti-tumor response. They're what the body uses to attack the tumor. So we like those T cells. And particularly, these gamma delta T cells are important in targeting tumor cells in glioblastoma cells. They're also unique. They can avoid the toxicity of chemotherapy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy suppresses the T cells. They make some go down, or decreased in number, which is not what we want. And these gamma delta T cells were genetically created so that they were resistant to chemotherapy. And that's really, really important. We want an immunotherapy that works and one that isn't suppressed by our other treatments. And that's been a real barrier for glioma patients. So in this phase 1 study, they found the right dose of these gamma delta T cells, and that's the goal of a phase 1 study. But there were some early signs that this may be changing the tumor. One of the patients underwent surgery before and after they got this infusion. And we were able to see this. Investigators were able to see the gamma delta T cells up in the tumor. So this doesn't change practice. Patients don't need to go out and seek out the gamma delta T cells yet. But it's one of those early findings that says that we need to keep looking at immunotherapy. And as a community, this is something we need to keep focusing on. And then the last abstract and study I wanted to focus on is for a rare disease. This would not be something that would be relevant for all of our listeners and the brain tumor patients but for a subgroup of patients that have a condition called VHL, or von Hippel-Lindau. And von Hippel-Lindau is a genetic condition. So, most brain tumors are not inherited. You don't get it from a mom or a dad or pass it on, except for these patients, you do. And it comes from a gene that's inherited in families called the VHL or the von Hippel-Lindau gene. And these patients are predisposed to get tumors all throughout the body and the kidneys and the brain and the eye. And this is a lifelong disease where these tumors can really grow slowly over time and cause significant problems. And in the past few years, there's been a new treatment called belzutifan. Belzutifan is the name of this drug that has been shown to be effective in the kidney tumors for patients with VHL. And at ASCO this year, there was a new study showing that it's also effective in treating the brain tumors for these patients. And that's really important. We just haven't had a treatment other than surgery or radiation therapy for these tumors. And oftentimes, they grow after surgery and radiation therapy and we need an additional treatment. So in this study, the investigators looked at, "Does this drug belzutifan work for treating the CNS tumors, hemangioblastoma?" And found that around 50% of patients had a response, so a shrinkage in the size of the tumor. 90% of patients had control of their brain tumor disease, which is really important. And it worked really quickly, so it worked in about 3 to 5 months, which is shorter than what we would see for the kidney tumors. So that's exciting news for VHL patients, patients with von Hippel-Lindau, and another important update from the 2023 ASCO. So thanks for listening to this update of CNS brain tumors at the 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting. Again, I'm Roy Strowd, a neuro-oncologist at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Delighted to bring you this brief summary of new research in the field. ASCO: Thank you, Dr. Strowd. You can find more research from recent scientific meetings at www.cancer.net. Cancer.Net Podcasts feature trusted, timely, and compassionate information for people with cancer, survivors, and their families and loved ones. Subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts for expert information and tips on coping with cancer, recaps of the latest research advances, and thoughtful discussions on cancer care. And check out other ASCO Podcasts to hear the latest interviews and insights from thought leaders, innovators, experts, and pioneers in oncology. Cancer.Net is supported by Conquer Cancer, the ASCO Foundation, which funds lifesaving research for every type of cancer, helping people with cancer everywhere. To help fund Cancer.Net and programs like it, donate at CONQUER.ORG/Donate.

Neurology: Education has launched! Learn more about Neurology: Education with Editor Dr. Roy Strowd. Show references: Neurology: Education website: NPub.org/NE. This podcast is sponsored by argenx. Visit www.vyvgarthcp.com for more information.

Neurology: Education has launched! In this episode, learn more about Neurology: Education (NE) with NE Editor Dr. Roy Strowd and Deputy Podcast Editor Dr. Jeff Ratliff. Read more about Neurology: Education in this editorial, and visit the Neurology: Education website here: NPub.org/NE.  This podcast is sponsored by argenx. Visit www.vyvgarthcp.com for more information.

In this episode, we'll be discussing Adult Brain Tumors with Dr. Roy Strowd, an Associate Professor of Neurology at the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center who specializes in neuro-oncology. 00:04 - Intro 00:51 - Chief Complaint/Differential 2:14 - Background 4:02 - Intraparenchymal Tumors 6:34 - Extraparenchymal Tumors 9:16 - HPI Questions 11:15 - Other Symptoms 13:03 - Risk Factors 15:06 - Physical Exam 15:38 - Inherited Brain Tumors (NF1, NF2, Tuberous Sclerosis) 16:43 - Diagnostic Work-Up 20:53 - Histology 24:02 - Adjunctive Therapy 26:40 - Common Myths

Dr. Roy Strowd is a board-certified neurologist, specialty trained neuro-oncologist, clinician educator, and translational researcher. He is an Assistant Professor of Neurology and Internal Medicine (Section on Hematology and Oncology) at the Wake Forest School of Medicine and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. As a clinician-scientist with a background in neuroscience, neurology, and neuro-oncology, he is interested in exploring the unique aspects of the nervous system’s structure and function to optimally improve outcomes for patients with nervous system neoplasms and/or nervous system complications of systemic cancer therapy. As a medical educator, his interests are in career and pipeline development in the training of healthcare professionals. He is co-Director of the Wake Forest (WF) Summer Immersion Medicine Institute for high school students, serves as faculty advisor of the WF medical student Navigating Medical School and JH undergraduate Pre-Doc programs. He also Directs the WF Health Professions Education Institute for career development of clinician educator and is passionate about developing the next generation of triple threat clinicians.

In part 2 of this episode, Dr. Randy Clinch and Dr. Roy Strowd continue their conversation about how to get the most out of attending conferences.   Click here to view and download show notes    Resources and Links: “How to Get the Most Out of a Conference” by Manya…

In this episode Dr. Randy Clinch talks with Dr. Roy Strowd about how one can get the most out of attending conferences. Click here to view and download show notes    Resources and Links: “How to Get the Most Out of a Conference” by Manya Whitaker. The Chronicle of Higher…

Dr. Roy Strowd discusses a recent Clinical Reasoning case about a 65-year-old female with subacute hemiballism. 

Dr. Roy Strowd showcases a Clinical Reasoning case on a pregnant woman presenting with chin numbness.

1. Featured Article: Long-term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis2.What's Trending: Amateur fundus photographyThis podcast begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the May 29, 2018 issue of Neurology. In the first segment, Dr. David Lapides talks with Dr. Maarten Titulaer about his paper on long-term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Next, Dr. Roy Strowd talks with Dr. Saman Zafar about her paper on amateur fundus photography for our “What’s Trending” feature of the week. DISCLOSURES: Dr. Titulaer serves on the editorial board of Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; filed a patent for "methods for typing neurological disorders and cancer, and devices for use therein" specifically about diagnostics for anti-GABAB receptor antibodies and KCTD antibodies; and has received research support from Medimmune LLC, Guidepoint Global LLC, Novartis, Euroimmun AG, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, an ErasmusMC fellowship, and the Dutch Epilepsy Foundations. Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial board for Neurology (Resident & Fellow section); and has received research support from the Wake Forest School of Medicine Center for Translational Sciences Award, the KL2 Career Development Award, and the American Academy of Neurology. Dr. Lapides and Dr. Zafar report no disclosures.

1) Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation: Cryptogenic NORSE: Its distinctive clinical features and response to immunotherapy 2) What’s Trending: R&F section update with Dr. Roy StrowdThis podcast begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the December 12, 2017 issue of Neurology. In the first segment, Dr. Stacey Clardy talks with Dr. Takahiro Iizuka about his paper on diagnosis and treatment of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). In the second part of the podcast, Dr. Jeff Ratliff focuses his interview with Dr. Roy Strowd on a highlighted Clinical Reasoning case from the new “Resident & Fellow Rounds” feature debuting in 2018.DISCLOSURES: Dr. Clardy has received research support from Western Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR). Dr. Langer-Gould has received research support from Biogen, Roche, NIH, PCORI, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. Iizuka serves on editorial boards for Current Treatment Options in Neurology and Rinsho Shinkeigaku (Clinical Neurology), and has received research support from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPS20160504012) and the Japan Epilepsy Research Foundation (JERFTENKAN 17002).Dr. Ratliff has received a speaker honorarium from Haverford College. Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial board of Neurology (Resident & Fellow section); and has received research support from the Wake Forest School of Medicine Center for Translational Sciences Award, the KL2 Career Development Award, and the American Academy of Neurology.

A ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has some specific neurological effects. In today’s podcast, Annette Goldberg talks with Dr. Roy Strowd about this diet, its history, and its potential benefits in people with certain types of brain tumors. Cancer Research News

1) Early Decompressive Craniectomy for Malignant Cerebral Infarction: Meta-analysis and Clinical Decision Algorithm2) What's Trending: Update on the Resident and Fellows section 3) Topic of the Month: Brain tumors - gliomasThis podcast begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the March 28, 2017 issue of Neurology. In the first segment, Dr. Bryan Eckerle talks with Dr. Bradley Molyneaux and Dr. Christopher Streib about their Neurology® Clinical Practice paper on early decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebral infarction. Dr. Ted Burns talks with Dr. Roy Strowd about recent updates regarding the Neurology® Resident & Fellows section for our “What's Trending” feature of the week. In the next part of the podcast, Dr. Kait Nevel focuses her interview with Dr. David Schiff on gliomas. Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org. DISCLOSURES:Dr. Molyneaux has received research support from Remedy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Dr. Streib has served on the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) Stroke Guidelines Committee (no reimbursement).Dr. Burns serves as Podcast Editor for Neurology®; and has received research support for consulting activities with UCB, CSL Behring, Walgreens and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial board of Neurology (Resident & Fellow section); and has received research support from the Wake Forest School of Medicine Center for Translational Sciences Award, the KL2 Career Development Award, and the American Academy of Neurology.Dr. Schiff has served on the scientific advisory boards of Genetech, Celldex, Orbus, and Vascular Biogenics Oxigene; has received travel funding/speaker honoraria from Merck; serves on the editorial boards of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology, and Lancet Neurology; receives publishing royalties from UpToDate, and has been a consultant for Cavion.All other participants report no disclosures.

1) Glucocorticoid-associated worsening in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2) What's Trending: Upcoming changes regarding the Neurology® Resident & Fellow section 3) Topic of the Month: Neuromuscular topicsThis podcast begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the January 17, 2017 issue of Neurology. In the first segment, Dr. Andy Southerland talks with Dr. Aneesh Singhal about his paper on glucocorticoid-associated worsening of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Dr. Ted Burns talks with Dr. Roy Strowd about upcoming changes regarding the Neurology Resident & Fellow section for our “What's Trending” feature of the week. In the next part of the podcast, Dr. Ted Burns focuses his interview with Dr. Volker Straub on limb-girdle dystrophy. Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org.DISCLOSURES: Dr. Southerland serves as Podcast Deputy Editor for Neurology; receives research support from the American Heart Association-American Stroke Association National Clinical Research Program, American Academy of Neurology, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Health Resources Services Administration and the NIH; has a provisional patent application titled: “Method, system and computer readable medium for improving treatment times for rapid evaluation of acute stroke via mobile telemedicine;” and gave legal expert review. Dr. Aneesh Singhal has served on the scientific advisory boards of Biogen and DSMB; has served on the editorial board of Medical Gas Research; has received publishing royalties for the book Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes; has been a consultant to Biogen; has acted as an event adjudicator for the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial Group; has received research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, NIH-NINDS, the American Academy of Neurology, UpToDate, and Medlink; and has served as a medicolegal expert witness for individual cases concerning stroke. Dr. Burns serves as Podcast Editor for Neurology®; and has received research support for consulting activities with UCB, CSL Behring, Walgreens and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Straub has served on the scientific advisory boards for Pfizer, Italfarmaco, Audentes Therapeutics, Bristol-Myer Squibb, Summit Therapeutics, Tivorsan, and the Nationwide Children's Hospital; has received travel funding and speaker honoraria from Sanofi Genzyme; has served on the editorial boards of Neuromuscular Disorders, the Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, and PLoS Currents Muscular Dystrophy; has been a consultant for Sanofi Genzyme; and has received research support from Sanofi Genzyme, BioMarin, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Sarepta Therapeutics, Ultragenyx, the European Commission, the UK Medical Research Council, Newcastle University, the Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, the Association Fracaise Contre les Myopathies, the LGMD2I Research Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the Sylvia Aitken Charitable Trust, Muscular Dystrophy UK, and Action Medical Research.All other participants have no disclosures.

1) Lower stroke risk with lower blood pressure in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia and 2) Topic of the month: Mitochondrial disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Andy Southerland interviews Dr. William Powers about his paper on lower stroke risk with lower blood pressure in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Déjà vu. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Maria Farrugia interviews Dr. Doug Turnbull about the management of mitochondrial disorders. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Southerland, Powers and Strowd.Dr. Southerland serves as Podcast Deputy Editor for Neurology®; serves as Clinical Research Advisor for Totier Technologies, Inc.Dr. Powers serves as an editorial board member of Stroke and Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism; serves on the scientific advisory board for Ontario Brain Institute Morehouse School of Medicine; receives research support from the NIH and UNC.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.

1) Intravenous valproate vs. metoclopramide vs. ketorolac for acute migraine and 2) Topic of the month: Mitochondrial disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Jennifer Bickel interviews Dr. Benjamin Friedman about his paper on intravenous valproate vs. metoclopramide vs. ketorolac for acute migraine. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about evaluating the exome. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Maria Farrugia interviews Dr. Robert Taylor about the investigations for mitochondrial disorders. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Friedman and Strowd.Dr. Friedman serves on the scientific advisory board for MAP Pharmaceuticals.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.

1) Submandibular gland needle biopsy for diagnosis of Parkinson disease and 2) Topic of the month: Mitochondrial disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Michelle Brown interviews Dr. Charles Adler about his paper on submandibular gland needle biopsy for diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about nodes needing neurofascin. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Maria Farrugia interviews Dr. Andrew Schaefer about syndromes of mitochondrial disorders. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Adler and Strowd.Dr. Adler serves on the scientific advisory board of Bachmann Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation; is a consultant for Allergan, Inc., Novartis, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, XenoPort, Inc.; receives royalties from the publication of the book Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders; receives research support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Defense, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Disease Research, National Parkinson's Foundation and NIH.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.

1) Clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess and 2) Topic of the month: Mitochondrial disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Bryan Cupka interviews Dr. Matthijs Brouwer about his paper on clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about angioedema after tPA. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Maria Farrugia interviews Dr. Grainne Gorman about the fundamental principles of mitochondrial disorders. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Brouwer, Strowd and Gorman.Dr. Brouwer receives research support from the Dutch Scientific Organization; received research support from the European Federation of Neurological Sciences and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Gorman receives research support from the UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Aging and Age-related disease, Research Fellow, awarded to the Newcastle upon Tyne Trust Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust.

1) Building foundations for improving health opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa and 2) Topic of the month: Maintenance of Certification. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Matt Wong interviews Dr. Michael Finkel about his paper on building foundations for improving health opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about neurapraxia. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Michelle Mauermann interviews Dr. Kerry Levin on part two of the orientation of new processes to the Maintenance of Certification. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Finkel, Strowd and Levin.Dr. Finkel gave expert testimony as a treating physician in 2012.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Levin serves as an editorial board member of Muscle and Nerve; serves on the scientific advisory board of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology; received reimbursement for travel to policy meetings and examination writing committees from the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology; receives royalties from UpToDate.

1) Practice variability in brain death determination and 2) Topic of the month: Maintenance of Certification. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Ted Burns interviews Dr. Jeff Frank about his paper on practice variability in brain death determination. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about prion protein problems. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Elliot Dimberg interviews Dr. Janice Massey on part one of the orientation of new processes to the Maintenance of Certification. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Burns, Strowd and Massey.Dr. Burns serves as Podcast Editor for Neurology; and has received research support for consulting activities with CSL Behring and Alexion Pharmaceuticals.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Massey serves on the AAN Board of Directors; the editorial board of Seminars in Neurology; and received unrestricted educational grants from Allergan, Inc. and Merz harmaceuticals, LLC for Annual Duke Advanced EMG and Chemodenervation Workshop.

1) Temporal trends in new exposure to antiepileptic drug monotherapy and suicide-related behavior and 2) Topic of the month: Area of functional symptoms and conversion disorder. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Matt Wong interviews Dr. Mary Jo Pugh about her paper on temporal trends in new exposure to antiepileptic drug monotherapy and suicide-related behavior. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Garcin syndrome. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Shanna Patterson interviews Dr. Jon Stone about treatment of functional neurologic symptoms. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Pugh, Strowd and Stone.Dr. Pugh serves as an associate editor of BMC Health Services Research and BMC Geriatrics; serves on the scientific advisory board of the Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy; receives research support from the Veterans Administration health services research and development service.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Stone receives speaker honoraria from the Movement Disorders Society, Norwegian Neuropsychiatric Association, British Medical Association, Royal College of Psychiatrists, UCB, Tribunals Judiciary (UK) and St Louis Dept of Neurology; does expert witness work and runs a free patient information website.

1) Fibroblast growth factor-21 being a sensitive biomarker of mitochondrial disease and 2) Topic of the month: Area of functional symptoms and conversion disorder. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. James Addington interviews Dr. Carolyn Sue about her paper on fibroblast growth factor-21 being a sensitive biomarker of mitochondrial disease. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about MAD for seizures. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Shanna Patterson interviews Dr. Jon Stone about functional neurologic symptoms and how to discuss this diagnosis with patients. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Sue, Strowd and Stone.Dr. Sue receives research support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Stone receives speaker honoraria from the Movement Disorders Society, Norwegian Neuropsychiatric Association, British Medical Association, Royal College of Psychiatrists, UCB, Tribunals Judiciary (UK) and St Louis Dept of Neurology; does expert witness work and runs a free patient information website.

1) Sensitivity of MRI spine compared to CT myelography in orthostatic headache with CSF leak and 2) Topic of the month: Area of functional symptoms and conversion disorder. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Heather Harle interviews Dr. Amaal Starling about her paper on sensitivity of MRI spine compared to CT myelography in orthostatic headache with CSF leak. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Rosenthal fibers. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Shanna Patterson interviews Dr. Jon Stone about functional symptoms and conversion disorder within the domain of psychiatry. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Strowd and Stone.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Stone receives speaker honoraria from the Movement Disorders Society, Norwegian Neuropsychiatric Association, British Medical Association, Royal College of Psychiatrists, UCB, Tribunals Judiciary (UK) and St Louis Dept of Neurology; does expert witness work and runs a free patient information website.

1) Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma and 2) Topic of the month: Area of functional symptoms and conversion disorder. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Ted Burns interviews Dr. David Schiff about his paper on primary leptomeningeal lymphoma. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Shanna Patterson interviews Dr. Jon Stone about definitions and etiology of functional symptoms and conversion disorder. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Burns, Schiff, Strowd and Stone.Dr. Burns serves as Podcast Editor for Neurology®; and has received research support for consulting activities with CSL Behring and Alexion Pharmaceuticals.Dr. Schiff serves as an editorial board member of Neurology® and Neurosurgery; received travel related expenses without personal compensation from Merck Sereno; serves on the scientific advisory board for Genetech, Inc.; is a consultant without personal compensation for Tau Therapeutics; serves on the data and safety monitoring boards for Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. and Vascular Biogenics Ltd. and receives royalties from UptoDate.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Stone receives speaker honoraria from the Movement Disorders Society, Norwegian Neuropsychiatric Association, British Medical Association, Royal College of Psychiatrists, UCB, Tribunals Judiciary (UK) and St Louis Dept of Neurology; does expert witness work and runs a free patient information website.

1) The complexities of acute stroke decision-making and 2) Topic of the month: Living Legends Interviews. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Brett Kissela interviews Dr. Michel Shamy about his paper on the complexities of acute stroke decision-making. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Adie's tonic pupil. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Brett Kissela interviews Dr. Lou Caplan about his medical education and contributions to the field of neurology, interactions with C. Miller Fisher and advice to our younger listeners now beginning their careers. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Kissela, Shamy, Strowd and Caplan.Dr. Kissela serves on scientific advisory board for Allergan, Inc.; has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Allergan, Inc.; has received research support from the NIH, will receive compensation from Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for serving on the Event Adjudication Committee for the BEACON study, which they are sponsoring and provides medico-legal reviews.Dr. Shamy serves as an editorial board member of The Neurohospitalist; receives research support from Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Clinical Fellowship, H. Richard Tyler Award for Research in History of Neurology from the American Academy of Neurology.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Caplan serves as an editorial board member of Archives of Neurology; serves as co-editor of Reviews in Neurological Diseases and receive payment for Aruba monitoring.

1) Helsinki model cutting stroke thrombolysis delays and 2) Topic of the month: Living Legends Interviews. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Andy Southerland interviews Dr. Atte Meretoja about his paper on Helsinki model cutting stroke thrombolysis delays. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about transient global amnesia. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Stacey Clardy interviews Dr. Vanda Lennon about establishing the Neuroimmunology Laboratory at the Mayo Clinic, her contribution to the field of neurology and advice to our younger listeners now beginning their careers. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Southerland, Meretoja, Strowd, Clardy and Lennon.Dr. Southerland serves as Podcast Deputy Editor for Neurology® and serves as Clinical Research Advisor for Totier Technologies, Inc. Dr. Meretoja serves as an editorial board member of the International Journal of Stroke; receives research support from Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Biomedicum Helsinki Foundation and Finnish Medical Foundation.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Clardy served on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.Dr. Lennon performs service testing for aquaporin-4 autoantibodies on behalf of Mayo Collaborative Service Inc., an agency of Mayo Foundation; receives royalties and license fee payments for the intellectual property: Marker for Neuromyelitis Optica; receives research support from the NIH.

1) AAN paper on the top five choosing wisely recommendations and 2) Topic of the month: Living Legends Interviews. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Andy Southerland interviews Dr. Gary Gronseth and Mr. Tom Getchius about the AAN paper on the top five choosing wisely recommendations. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about schwannomatosis: more than just NF1 and NF2. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Farrah Mateen interviews Dr. Martin Samuels about his medical education and teaching contributions to the field of neurology and advice to our younger listeners now beginning their careers. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Southerland, Gronseth, Mr. Getchius, Strowd and Mateen.Dr. Southerland serves as Podcast Deputy Editor for Neurology®.Dr. Gronseth serves on the editorial board of Neurology Now and receives research support from the American Academy of Neurology.Mr. Getchius is a full time employee of the American Academy of Neurology, spending 100% of his time directing the development and dissemination activities of AAN evidence- based guidelines and receives research support as Project Director of the CDC-RFA-DD10-1012 award.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Mateen has consulted for the World Health Organization, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, and Caritas.

1) GABAB receptor autoantibody frequency in-service serological evaluation and 2) This week's topic: About Ted Burns about being diagnosed with a serious cancer. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Zsofia Hole interviews Dr. Andrew McKeon about his paper on GABAB receptor autoantibody frequency in-service serological evaluation. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Fazio-Londe syndrome. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Dr. Ted Burns about being diagnosed with a serious cancer and how he has gained insight into what it's like being a patient. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. McKeon, Strowd, Espay, and Burns.Dr. McKeon receives research support from the Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. Burns serves as Podcast Editor for Neurology®; and has received research support for consulting activities with CSL Behring and Alexion Pharmaceuticals.

1) Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of tardive syndromes and 2) Topic of the month: AAN Plenary Sessions. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Jeff Waugh interviews Drs. Roongroj Bhidayasiri and Gary Gronseth about the AAN evidence-based guideline on treatment of tardive syndromes. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about CTA spot sign. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Dr. Marsel Mesulam about his H. Houston Merritt Lecture on the selective cognitive impairments and distinct neuropathological entities of the primary progressive aphasias. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Bhidayasiri, Gronseth, Strowd, Espay and Mesulam.Dr. Bhidayasiri served as Editor-in-Chief for The Thai Journal of Neurology; serves on the scientific advisory board for Ministry of Public Heath, Thailand and Excellence Network; serves as Director of Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Thai Red Cross Society; received funding for trips from BL Hua, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Inc., Roche; serves on the speakers' bureau of Abbott, BL Hua, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Inc., Novartis, Roche; receives royalties from the publication of the books Neurological Differential diagnosis, International Neurology, Movement Disorders: A video atlas; receives research support from Abbott, Immunocal Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Thailand Research Fund and Thai Red Cross Society.Dr. Gronseth serves on the editorial board of Neurology Now and receives research support from the American Academy of Neurology.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. Mesulam serves on the scientific advisory board for Cure Alzheimer Fund and Association on Frontotemporal Dementia; serves as an editorial board member of Brain, Annals of Neurology, Human Brain Mapping, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience; receives royalties from the publication of the book Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology and receives research support from the NIH.

1) Rasmussen's encephalitis treated with natalizumab and 2) Topic of the month: AAN Plenary Sessions. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. John Mytinger interviews Prof. Heinz Wiendl about his paper on Rasmussen's encephalitis treated with natalizumab. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about watching for Whipple's: Oculomasticatory myorhythmia. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Dr. Pooja Khatri on intra-arterial therapy being used as standard treatment for acute stroke. The participants had nothing to disclose except Prof. Wiendl, Drs. Strowd, Espay and Khatri.Prof. Wiendl received honoraria for travel to attend meetings from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Elan Corporation, Sanofi- Aventis, Schering-Plough Corp., Merck Serono, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd.; has served as a consultant or is currently a consultant for Merck Serono, Medac, Inc, Sanofi-aventis, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Novo Nordisk; receives research support from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Elan Corporation, Sanofi-aventis, Merck Serono, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Novartis, Medac, Inc, Genzyme and Novo Nordisk.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. Khatri received funding for a trip from Genetech, Inc.; provided expert witnessing for stroke cases over last two years; receives research support from Penumbra, Inc and the NIH.

1) Development and validation of a clinical guideline for diagnosing blepharospasm and 2) Topic of the month: AAN Plenary Sessions. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Binit Shah interviews Dr. Giovanni Defazio about his paper on development and validation of a clinical guideline for diagnosing blepharospasm. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about iatrogenic botulism. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Dr. Salvatore DiMauro about his Robert Wartenberg Lecture on Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: 50 years on. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Defazio, Strowd, Espay and DiMauro.Dr. Defazio receives research support from the Italian Ministry of University and Comitato Promotore Telethon.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. DiMauro serves as an editorial board member of Muscle and Nerve, Neuromuscular Disorders, Acta Myologica, MedLink Neurology; serves on the scientific advisory board for Telethon Italia; receives research support from the Muscular Dystrophy Association, Marriott Mitochondrial Disorder Clinical Research Fund and the NIH.

1) Surveillance neuroimaging and neurologic examinations affecting care for intracerebral hemorrhage and 2) Topic of the month: AAN Plenary Sessions. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Mike Brogan interviews Dr. Matthew Maas about his paper on surveillance neuroimaging and neurologic examinations affecting care for intracerebral hemorrhage. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson disease. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Alberto Espay interviews Drs. Stephen Reich and C. Warren Olanow on levodopa being initiated at time of diagnosis of movement disorders. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Maas, Strowd, Espay, Olanow and Reich.Dr. Maas receives research support from the NIH.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Espay is supported by the K23 career development award (NIMH, 1K23MH092735); has received grant support from CleveMed/Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Davis Phinney Foundation, and Michael J Fox Foundation; is a consultant for Chelsea Therapeutics; serves on the scientific advisory boards for Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abbott (now Abbie), Chelsea Therapeutics, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Solstice Neurosciences, and Eli Lilly and Company, USWorldMeds; serves as Assistant Editor of Movement Disorders and on the editorial boards of The European Neurological Journal and Frontiers in Movement Disorders; serves on the speakers' bureaus of Novartis, UCB, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorder Society and receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins and Cambridge University Press.Dr. Olanow serves as Chief Editor for Movement Disorders; serves on the scientific advisory board for Michael J. Fox Foundation, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Ceregene; is a consultant for TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Lundbeck, Inc., Novartis, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Ceregene, Orion; holds stock options in Ceregene and Clintrex, receives research support from Ceregene and participated in legal proceedings involving welding defense.Dr. Reich receives royalties from the publication of the book Movement Disorders: 100 Instructive Cases; receives research support from Chiltern, Synosia pharmaceuticals, Phytopharm and the NIH.

1) Evidence-based guideline on periprocedural management of antithrombotic medications and neurovascular disease and 2) Topic of the month: Treatment of movement disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Andy Southerland interviews Dr. Melissa Armstrong about the guideline on periprocedural management of antithrombotic medications and neurovascular disease. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about HINTS of stroke. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Binit Shah interviews Dr. Kapil Sethi about management of of non-dopa responsive axial motor symptoms. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Armstrong, Strowd and Sethi.Dr. Armstrong serves on Neurology, Level of Evidence Review Team; received funding for a trip to the MDS International Congress; received research support from Abbott and was partially funded by a Edmond J. Safra Fellowship at Toronto Western Hospital.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section. Dr. Sethi serves on the scientific advisory board for International Essential Tremor Foundation; serves as an editorial board member of Neurology, Journal of Neuroscience, Medscape; is a consultant for Biogen Idec, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Allergan, Inc; serves on the speakers' bureau of Biogen Idec, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Allergan, Inc; received publishing royalties from Marcel Dekker Publisher; holds stock options in Elan Corporation and Pfizer Inc; involved in legal proceedings for welding litigation defense; receives research support from NPF center, Biogen Idec, GlaxoSmithKline, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and NIH.

1) Growing burden of neurodegenerative conditions and 2) Topic of the month: Treatment of movement disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Binit Shah interviews Dr. Ray Dorsey about his paper on obtaining care for the growing burden of neurodegenerative conditions. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about Huntington disease and the milk maid grip. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Binit Shah interviews Dr. Michael Okun about surgical management of Parkinson disease. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Dorsey and Strowd.Dr. Dorsey serves on the scientific advisory board for Lundbeck Inc. and Huntington's Disease Society of America; serves as an editorial board member of Journal of Huntington's Disease; is a consultant for Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc., Clintrex, Lundbeck, Inc., Medtronic, Inc., National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; (30% effort) clinical practice as a movement disorder neurologist; receives research support from Google, Lundbeck, Inc.; Prana Biotechnology Limited, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Agency for Health Care Research and Quality; Macklin Foundation, Inc, and Verizon Foundation; holds stock options in ConsultingMD and a patent application related to telemedicine.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.

1) MRI sign of progressive supranuclear palsy and 2) Topic of the month: Treatment of movement disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. John Morgan interviews Dr. Luke Massey about his paper on an MRI sign of progressive supranuclear palsy. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about the hummingbird sign. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Matthew Barrett interviews Dr. Fred Wooten about late treatment of motor symptoms. The participants had nothing to disclose except Drs. Morgan, Massey and Strowd.Dr. Morgan is a consultant for Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Veloxis Pharmaceuticals; serves on the speakers' bureaus of GlaxoSmithKline, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., UCB and GE Healthcare; performed CME for Oakstone Publishing, LLC; receives research support from the NIH and received compensation for review of medical records and expert witness testimony in multiple cases of litigation involving neurologic conditions.Dr. Massey received research support from the PSP Association Europe.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.

1) Diagnosis of gluten ataxia and 2) Topic of the month: Treatment of movement disorders. This podcast for the Neurology Journal begins and closes with Dr. Robert Gross, Editor-in-Chief, briefly discussing highlighted articles from the print issue of Neurology. In the second segment Dr. Matthew Barrett interviews Dr. Marios Hadjivassiliou about his paper on the diagnosis of gluten ataxia. Dr. Roy Strowd is reading our e-Pearl of the week about tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis. In the next part of the podcast Dr. Matthew Barrett interviews Dr. Fred Wooten about early treatment of motor symptoms. The participants had nothing to disclose except Dr. Strowd.Dr. Strowd serves on the editorial team for the Neurology® Resident and Fellow Section.