Forensic InService

In this episode we review a number of topics, all either made relevant by or infused with concern over the pandemic.  These topics include:   Telemental Health and Masked Attorneys Institutional Care and Infection Control Déjà vu and Isn’t It Time for Community Corrections? Seizing Opportunity in Crisis Check out all of our episodes at Forensic InService Our podcast can also be found on most major platforms, including Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, Google Play Music, Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher, iHeart Radio, & Radio.com. Several of our episodes are also available with captioning on YouTube  (audio only). Follow me on Twitter @StephenKoonz Forensic InService podcast is produced under Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and our theme music was created by Adam Price—both are used with permission. Thanks for listening! If you enjoy our podcast, please tell a friend and subscribe. You can take part in our show a couple of different ways. Try leaving us a voice message with SpeakPipe at ForensicInService.com. Or, you can, write a blog post, or even be a guest on the show!

In this episode we discuss the effects of the current pandemic and mega-disaster on mental health, as well as how daily life has changed over the past month. Check out all of our episodes at Forensic InService

In this episode we discuss the various aspects of Reentry, especially as they relate to persons with mental illness. We cover the reentry of insanity acquittals, as well as former inmates and explore the numerous issues that impede that process. Check out all of our episodes at Forensic InService **Mature Content** We mention both the Treatment Advocacy Center and the Vera Institute of Justice several times. Both of these organizations do amazing work. Please visit their site and check them out! Please also check out our interview with John Snook, executive director of the Treatment Advocacy Center.   Our podcast can also be found on most major platforms, including Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, Google Play Music, Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher, iHeart Radio, & Radio.com. Several of our episodes are also available with captioning on YouTube  (audio only).   Follow me on Twitter @StephenKoonz   Forensic InService podcast is produced under Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and our theme music was created by Adam Price—both are used with permission.   Thanks for listening! If you enjoy our podcast, please tell a friend and subscribe. You can take part in our show a couple of different ways. You can leave a message, write a blog post, or even be a guest on the show!

In this episode we discuss the infamous murder trial of Loepold & Loeb, who in 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Bobby Franks in Chicago. The crime would come to be regarded, at least until the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson, as the murder of the century. We take a look at their behavior and the psychiatric testimony. Check out all of our episodes at Forensic InService   Our other episodes can also be found on most major platforms, including Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, Google Play Music, Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher, iHeart Radio, & Radio.com. Several of our episodes are also available on YouTube  (audio only).   Follow me on Twitter @StephenKoonz   Forensic InService podcast is produced under Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and our theme music was created by Adam Price—both are used with permission.   Thanks for listening! If you enjoy our podcast, please tell a friend and subscribe. You can take part in our show a couple of different ways. You can leave a message, write a blog post, or even be a guest on the show!  

In this episode we discuss mental health practice in the courtroom, including the court and legal processes, our roles as educators, and our obligations to our clients. Check out all of our episodes at Forensic InService Our other episodes can also be found on most major platforms, including Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, Google Play Music, Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher, iHeart Radio, & Radio.com. Several of our episodes are also available on YouTube   Follow me on Twitter @StephenKoonz Forensic InService podcast is produced under Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and our theme music was created by Adam Price—both are used with permission. Thanks for listening! If you enjoy our podcast, please tell a friend. You can take part in our show a couple of different ways. You can leave a message, write a blog post, or even be a guest on the show!

In this episode we review a recent article from the BBC, by Danny Shaw, which reported that a recent study of the sex offender programs in England and Wales showed that completers recidivated at a higher rate than noncompleters. We delve into a discussion on the efficacy of sex offender treatment in general terms, as well as some programmatic difficulties programs encounter. *MATURE THEME* References: Shaw, D. (10/8/19). Sex offender: 'I've never had so many deviant thoughts.' BBC: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49973318 For more on the Good Lives Model visit: https://www.goodlivesmodel.com/ For more on Risk-Need-Responsivity visit: https://www.pbpp.pa.gov/Information/Documents/Research/EBP7.pdf For more on Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy (CBT) with sex offenders visit: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.874.2739&rep=rep1&type=pdf   You can find us at: https://forensicinservice.com Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. & our music was created by Adam Price. Both are used with permission.

SUMMARY In this episode we discuss the interplay between mental illness & substance abuse and how this interplay affects negative outcomes. Dr. Prices provides a comparison between serious mental illness and personality disorders, and together we review general risk factors, policy issues, and provide and overview of substance abuse. MATURE THEME References for this episode: https://timeline.com/willowbrook-the-institution-that-shocked-a-nation-into-changing-its-laws-c847acb44e0d Treatment Advocacy Center: https://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/evidence-and-research  The Vera Institute: https://www.vera.org/research The Albany County Mobile Crisis Team: https://www.nyconnects.ny.gov/services/mobile-crisis-team-omh-pr-705206901019   Previous episodes referred to: Insanity Defense (S2, E2): https://forensicinservice.com/episodes/the-insanity-defense/ Psychopathy (S1, E2): https://forensicinservice.com/episodes/psychopathy/ Interview with John Snook of the Treatment Advocacy Center (S2, E1): https://forensicinservice.com/episodes/interview-with-john-snook-of-the-treatment-advocacy-center/ Other related episodes: Mental Illness & Violence (S1, E5): https://forensicinservice.com/episodes/mental-illness-violence/ A General Discussion on Risk (S1, E3): https://forensicinservice.com/episodes/a-general-discussion-on-risk/ Artwork & Music: Our artwork was hand-painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. and used with her permission - digitalized by Steve Koonz. Our theme music was composed and performed by Adam Price, used with permission. Our transition music was composed and performed by Steve Koonz. License: (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Safety or relapse prevention plans are used in a number of areas of forensic mental health treatment, such as with persons with histories of substance abuse or sexual offending.  This final episode in our series on relapse prevention, which includes our episodes Relapse Prevention with an Offender Population and Offense Cycles, as well as our post Lapse Map, explores numerous applications of offense cycles and a discussion on working with resistive recipients. Each of these can be accessed on a variety of platforms or at forensicinservice.com  

     As a follow-up to our last episode on Relapse Prevention with an Offender Population, in this episode we discuss offense cycles and node-link mapping. Both of these models are compatible with treatment programs based in relapse prevention that rely on cognitive-behavioral approaches. For this episode we also have a corresponding blog post, titled The Lapse Map. Contained within that blog post is a free download of a general lapse map we created during our work with sex offenders and recently updated.     As an additional bonus, please see our post under the category Risk Assessment entitled Assessing Probability to Sexually Re-Offend. In this post I provide a factitious case and score it on the Static-99R. This material is also free for professionals to access. However, this specific post is password protected given the sensitivity of the subject matter. If you would like access please contact us using the link, or by emailing me at Stephenjk@forensicinservice.com and tell me who you are and why you are requesting this information. I will not keep or use your information when given to me for this purpose.    Our artwork was created by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., used with permission. Our music was created and performed by Adam Price, used with permission.    Forensic InService podcast is produced by Steve Koonz & Steve Price and licensed under a Creative Commons license.

TODAY’S TOPIC    Relapse Prevention (RP), often interwoven with cognitive-behavioral techniques, is perhaps the most widely used treatment model in addictions. The model is also used with numerous other types of behaviors, including sex offending behavior. This episode provides an in-depth discussion on relapse prevention and its application to persons with histories of violent and criminal behavior.   This conversation focuses on:   Description of RP How does RP differ with an offender population RP’s adaptability to offender populations and the criminal justice system With whom RP may not be appropriate The benefits of developing trust to improve engagement & early identification of lapses Matching vulnerabilities to level of treatment Recognizing signs of relapse    ANNOUNCEMENTS   Please visit us & subscribe at https://forensicinservice.com  For (unedited) closed caption please visit https://forensicinservice.com/videos    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS   Our artwork, Blocked Thoughts, was hand-painted by Steve Koonz’s daughter Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. It was then digitized with our logo by Steve K. Jenn’s work is used with her permission.   Our intro and outro music was written and produced by Adam Price. Adam’s father is Dr. Stephen Price--co-host of our show. Adam’s music was used with his permission.   This episode was recorded and produced by Steve Koonz.   Forensic InService podcast is licensed under Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0). You are free to copy and redistribute this material in any medium or format. These freedoms cannot be revoked for as long as you follow the license terms. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate whether changes were made, and, if so, you shall not suggest that we endorse those changes. You shall not use this material for commercial purposes, and any derivatives created from this material may not be distributed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode  

Non compos mentis is a Latin phrase meaning not having command of one's mind. This episode is part 1 of a 2 part series dealing with the subject of insanity and the law. Part 1 specifically deals with the insanity defense and provides an overview of its history and structure and then concludes with a brief outline of the process insanity acquittals go through post-trial. Given that the Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity (NGRI) or Not Responsible Due to Mental Disease or Defect is both extremely complicated and can vary widely from state to state much of the specific information provided in this episode is focused on New York's process known as CPL 330.20. Part II of this series will take a deeper look at the process that governs the movement, progress, and eventual release to the community of insanity acquittals and will feature an interview with Sheila Shea, Esq., current Director of the Mental Hygiene Legal Service (MHLS), Third Judicial Department, responsible for the legal representation of all persons found Not Responsible Due to Mental Disease or Defect. You can find all our episodes at: https://forensicinservice.com  EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE USED IN THIS EPISODE: Steve Koonz used an Audio Technica ATR2005 microphone, running its XLR cable into a Mackie Mix 8 and its USB cable into a HP Envy laptop. Both the Mackie Mix 8 (Main Out L) & the HP Envy (Headphone Jack) were then routed to the left and right channels of a Zoom H4n Pro digital recorder. For editing purposes, the digital recorder was set up to record the channels independent of the other. Steve Koonz used Google Voice for the call. The show was edited in Audacity and Auphonic. We do not have an affiliate relationship with any of these companies mentioned here. LICENSING:  Forensic InService podcast is licensed under Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0). You are free to copy and redistribute this material in any medium or format. These freedoms cannot be revoked for as long as you follow the license terms. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate whether changes were made, and, if so, you shall not suggest that we endorse those changes. You shall not use this material for commercial purposes, and any derivatives created from this material may not be distributed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode

TODAY’S TOPIC The Treatment Advocacy Center is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to eliminating barriers to the timely and effective treatment of severe mental illness. The organization promotes laws, policies and practices for the delivery of psychiatric care and supports the development of innovative treatments for and research into the causes of severe and persistent psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mr. Snook is the executive director of the Treatment Advocacy Center. He has more than 15 years of policy and advocacy experience at both the federal and state levels. Prior to joining the Treatment Advocacy Center, John Snook worked on policy issues at the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) and at Habitat for Humanity International. Mr. Snook is a staunch advocate of mental illness reform, working first with the West Virginia Supreme Court on mental health issues and then at the Treatment Advocacy Center. He received his J.D. from the George Mason School of Law and his B.A. from Washington & Jefferson College. This conversation focuses on: Police encounters with persons with mental illness Assisted Outpatient Treatment Access to mental health care Diversion The conversation was recorded on April 26, 2019 & May 15, 2019. RESOURCES & LINKS The Treatment Advocacy Center: https://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/ The Treatment Advocacy Center’s Background Papers: https://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/evidence-and-research/learn-more-about John Snook’s Bio: https://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/about-us/staff/3187 ANNOUNCEMENTS Please visit us & subscribe at https://forensicinservice.com For closed caption please visit https://forensicinservice.com/videos EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE USED IN THIS EPISODE Steve Koonz. used an Audio Technica ATR2005 microphone, running its XLR cable into a Mackie Mix 8 and its USB cable into a HP Envy laptop. Both the Mackie Mix 8 (Main Out L) & the HP Envy (Headphone Jack) were then routed to the left and right channels of a Zoom H4n Pro digital recorder. For editing purposes, the digital recorder was set up to record the channels independent of the other. Steve Koonz used Google Voice for the call. The show was edited in Audacity and Auphonic. We do not have an affiliate relationship with any of these companies mentioned here. CITATIONS Our artwork, Blocked Thoughts, was handpainted by Steve Koonz’s daughter Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. It was then digitalized with our logo by Steve K. Jenn’s work is used with her permission. Our intro and outro music was written and produced by Adam Price. Adam’s father is Dr. Stephen Price--co-host of our show. Adam’s music was used with his permission. This episode was recorded and produced by Steve Koonz. Forensic InService podcast is licensed under Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0). You are free to copy and redistribute this material in any medium or format. These freedoms cannot be revoked for as long as you follow the license terms. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate whether changes were made, and, if so, you shall not suggest that we endorse those changes. You shall not use this material for commercial purposes, and any derivatives created from this material may not be distributed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode  

In this mini episode we discuss what brought us to podcasting and why podcasting is a good medium for professionals to use to build communities, develop a professional voice, disseminate information, and for branding. More and more professionals are utilizing social media, such as Twitter, blogs, Facebook, etc. Podcasts are an excellent alternative or supplement to existing online activities. Toward the goal of encouraging others we talk briefly about our trials and tribulations as we learned to work microphones and other audio gear. When we began this endeavor neither of us had any footprint on the Internet to speak of but through hard work, some fun, as well as considerable frustration we've been able to produce this podcast for a year.  What gear’s involved? For this episode, Dr. Price used an Audio Technica AT 2005 microphone (approx. $100), an iPad, and an iRig2 (approx. $40) to interface with the iPad. Steve Koonz also used an Audio Technica AT 2005 microphone, an iPhone 8, an iRig2, as well as a Mackie Mix8 (approx. $90), and a Zoom H4n Pro digital recorder (approx. $200). We did the call over FaceTime. Dr. Price was recorded remotely. Neither of us have any affiliation with any of the companies or products listed. We also provide information on upcoming episodes. We are currently on a short hiatus in order to coordinate schedules and line up interviews. Currently we have two major projects in the works including an interview with the Treatment Advocacy Center and an in-depth episode on the insanity defense. Our artwork was hand-painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and digitalized by Stephen Koonz. Our music was composed and performed by Adam Price. Both are used with permission. Steve Koonz did the general mixing on this episode before uploading to Auphonic (no affiliation). Forensic InService podcast by Stephen Koonz & Stephen Price is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to share, copy, and redistribute this material in any format.

In this episode, Steve Price interviews Robert Linville, Attorney at Law. Mr. Linville has been a practicing attorney in New York State for many years. He is a graduate of Columbia Law School and has worked as a private attorney, a public defender, and for several state and international agencies. He is a committed and staunch advocate for his clients. Overview of civil procedural law regarding competency and restoration: Following a finding of incapacitation, misdemeanor defendants are sent to a civil psychiatric facility and simultaneously the accusatory instrument is dismissed. It is up to the evaluating doctors at the hospital to decide whether the person is admitted or released back into the community. That is, there is no court order demanding that the individual be admitted--at least in New York. Defendants charged with a felony are almost always sent to a secure forensic facility for restoration. With felonies, we have the complicating factor of indictment. If a defendant is sent for restoration prior to being indicted, then the burden falls on the district attorney to obtain an indictment within a relatively brief period of time. Should he/she fail to obtain an indictment, the charges are dismissed and the defendant’s status changes from that of a prisoner to being a civil patient. After a defendant has been indicted a couple of things change. First, she/he can be held for restoration for a period of time equivalent to 2/3rds of what they would have been sentenced to had they been convicted of the top charge on the indictment. So, for example, if the top charge on an indictment would have resulted in a 15 year sentence, then the defendant can be continually committed involuntarily at the forensic facility for restoration for a period of time not to exceed 10 years. The only exception to this is a Life sentence--and that’s because there is no 2/3rds of Life. Lastly, any time spent in a psychiatric facility for the purposes of restoration counts toward time served. Another issue that arises is what we refer to as Jackson Relief. This has to do with the Supreme Court case of Jackson v. Indiana. Essentially, there are cases where it becomes apparent that the individual will never be restored and will likely languish in a secure forensic facility for years. Typically, any interested party can petition for Jackson Relief. If granted the order allows for the person to be treated as a civil patient. Specifically, the individual can be transferred to a civil facility or even discharged. But, the charges are not dismissed. They are, essentially in limbo and will remain so unless the person is restored. Moreover, the 2/3rds clock, if you will, stops ticking. If the defendant is ever restored, the district attorney has the prerogative to refile the charges.  This is usually a non-issue because most petitions are brought under the belief that the person’s symptoms are recalcitrant. But, there have been instances when following discharge the individual is arrested again on new charges. If the person is found competent for the new charges, then, as said, the original charges can be re-filed and the person can find themselves facing both. In the courtroom, competency is usually assumed and securing an exam is often a matter of obtaining appropriate historical documents and too often comes down to the defendant’s available financial resources. Mr. Robert W. Linville discusses his strategies and struggles in detail which all criminal justice, law, and forensic social work students should find informative and enlightening. Mr. Linville can be contacted at: Old Chatam, NY Rte 13 Box 94 Old Chatam, NY 12136 Our artwork was handpainted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D., and converted into digital format by Stephen Koonz. Our music was composed and performed by Adam Price. Both are used with permission. Forensic InService podcast by Stephen Koonz & Stephen Price is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to share, copy, and redistribute this material in any format.

Dr. Judy Krysik is an associate professor at and director of the Arizona State University Center for Child Well Being. Her bio can be found at: https://socialwork.asu.edu/content/judy-krysik and the center's webpage can be located at: https://childwellbeing.asu.edu/CIP     Over 2 million children in the U.S. experience parental incarceration, and parental incarceration is considered an adverse childhood event (ACE) and is linked to being at-risk for a number of issues including mental health issues and poor physical health. Additional information on parental incarceration can be found at the following links: https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/find/results/parental%20incarceration https://nrccfi.camden.rutgers.edu/files/nrccfi-fact-sheet-2014.pdf https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/factsheets/pdfs/Factsheet7-Incarceration.pdf   Dr. Krysik joins us this episode to talk about this important issue, the center, and her up-coming conference. The Children of Incarcerated Parents National Conference seeks to bring together professionals across a multitude of child well-being disciplines to share information and research across our silos to discuss solutions in reducing the stigma of parental incarceration. The conference will be held April 14-17, 2019 in Phoenix, Arizona at the Renaissance Downtown Phoenix Hotel. For more information visit: https://childwellbeing.asu.edu/CIP   Forensic InService podcast by Stephen Koonz & Stephen Price is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  Our artwork was painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. and our music written and performed by Adam Price. Both are used with permission.

BONUS MINI EPISODE.   If you enjoy our podcast please consider subscribing. You can also visit us at https://forensicinservice.com. Feel free to leave a comment or a suggestion for an episode or guest. You can contact me directly at stephenjk@forensicinservice.com. Thanks for listening!   This is part two of a two part mini in service discussing supervision and treatment strategies with persons who have sexually harmed and the fit of these strategies with social work values and practice.   This episode provides a brief overview of: Relapse Prevention Risk-Need-Responsivity, and the Good Lives models   My review is primarily to provide a discussion on the basic fit of these models with the core values of social work, and not for the purposes of critiquing the models or their effectiveness in treating persons who have sexually harmed.   Relapse prevention has been used to treat those with substance dependency issues for decades. Most social workers are familiar with its basic tenets, even if they have never worked with persons who have sexually harmed. It is also relatively easy and acceptable to modernize programs using it to better fit with social work values and beliefs. While the model does have some research support for its use with persons who have sexually harmed, it makes an assumption that is flawed. Specifically, it assumes that all people want to stop their problematic behavior. Research has shown that some, emphasis on some, persons who have sexually harmed accept or like what they do and have no intention of stopping. While offense cycles and safety plans have incalculable value for those invested in treatment, they offer little to those approaching an offense. Offense cycles can, however, be used to diagram the offense pattern for those staff charged with monitoring or supervising and this may improve response time.   Risk-need-responsivity (RNR) is a correctional treatment protocol first adapted and standardized by Andrews, Bonta, and Hoge in 1990. RNR espouses three principles that improve efficiency and treatment outcomes, and better ensures public safety. These include: Allocate resources to those who present the greatest risk to public safety; Target criminogenic needs; and Deliver evidence-based treatment in a manner from which the respondent can derive maximum benefit in the briefest amount of time   The model advocates economy or resources and evidence-based practice. It argues that communities are safer when treatment is directed at the individuals most at risk of recidivism, as well as the criminogenic factors most associated with offending behavior.   It’s fit with social work is strained by the model’s heavy focus on criminogenic factors, rather than human needs. By doing so, the model, arguably, dismisses other unfavorable behaviors and outcomes. For example, practitioners of the model would be concerned with a recipients use of alcohol primarily due to its relationship with offending behavior. The effects of substance abuse on maintaining employment, relationships,  health, etc., are a secondary concerns best handled following release. Further, because the model is popular in correctional settings, much of the research continues to use terms, such as sex offender, that equate the person and the behavior. Good Lives, made popular primarily through the work of Tony Ward, is a strength-based model that utilizes techniques found in motivational interviewing. The model also argues that rather than risk, human needs should remain the focus of treatment. As such,the model is an excellent fit with social work practice. However, much of the research on the model, like that on Risk-Need-Responsivity, continues to use jargon inconsistent with social work values. On face-value the model’s name, Good Lives, suggests clinicians are making a promise that simply can’t be kept. More importantly, the fact that persons who have sexually harmed likely face considerable difficulties upon release, social workers have a responsibility to not only demonstrate dignity and respect of the person, especially any person who completes treatment, but also to advocate with and on their behalf to ensure that they have access to necessary services and can meet basic human needs upon release. This points to a need for a more generalist micro/macro perspective.

BONUS MINI EPISODE. This is part one of a two part mini in service discussing supervision strategies with persons who have sexually harmed and the fit of these strategies with social work practice and values. This episode provides a brief overview of: Strategic crime prevention strategies The Containment Approach Circles Legislation This episode examines these strategies and contrasts them with several of the core values of social work. The second part of this mini in service (Expected in early December) will discuss treatment models used with persons who have sexually harmed as well as their fit with social work values and practice.   If you enjoy our podcast please consider subscribing. You can find us in Apple podcast and at https:forensicinservice.com

Is this episode we discuss positive treatment outcomes in terms of how they are defined and measured and share stories of our own experiences.   The Forensic InService podcast by Stephen Koonz & Stephen Price is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.   The music for our show was written & performed by Adam Price and our artwork “Blocked Thoughts” was hand painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. Both are used with permission.   If you like our podcast please consider subscribing and liking us in Apple Podcast. Those likes really do help our discoverability. Our podcast is also published on Google, Spotify and on the show’s webpage: https://forensicinservice.com.   If you would like to contact us for any reason, including suggesting a topic or guest, please feel free to email us at stephenjk@forensicinservice.com.   We are now also promoting other podcasts by like minded professionals, so check out The Roving Social Worker & TheMattSchwartz(Cast).

Starting this month we will be also offering periodic bonus mini in services. Today's mini in service is on actuarial instruments. Today I discuss actuarial instruments: What they are How they are used What they predict And provide 8 tips to ensure their proper use An actuarial instrument is a statistical method of estimating the risk of a specific event occurring These are widely used by insurance companies, such as in the case of auto insurance. They have also become a standard of practice in the sex offender industry to estimate the risk of sexual recidivism and are generally held as the most accurate method of predicting repeat sexual violence. You are also invited to leave a comment on our website - https://forensicinservice.com  Let us know what you like or don't like or suggest a topic.

In this in service Dr. Stephen Price and I discuss the relationship between mental illness and violence and delve into our experiences with this population. According to the Department of Justice violent crime has been decreasing since the early 1990s. Although there is a statistical relationship between mental illness and violence, only 4% of all violent crimes are committed by persons with mental illness. Conversely, persons with mental illness are at high risk for violent victimization. Despite this violent crimes involving persons with mental illness are over-reported. Research indicates that mental illness only needs to be mentioned in news stories for people to infer that there is a causal relationship between the two. References for this in service are listed below.   If you enjoy our podcast please consider liking us in Apple podcast. You can also find our podcast in Google, Spotify, and at https://forensicinservice.com   The music for our podcast was composed and performed by Adam Price. The artwork "Blocked Thoughts" was hand painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. Both are used with permission. Forensic InService podcast by Stephen Koonz & Stephen Price is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.   References: Alia-Klein, N, O’Rourke, TM, et al. (2007). Insight into illness and adherence to psychotropic medications are separately associated with violence severity in a forensic sample. Aggressive Behavior, 33(1), 86-96. Chan, G, & Yanos, PT. (2018). Media depictions and the priming of mental illness stigma. Stigma and Health, 3(3), 253-264. Choe, JY, Teplin, LA, & Abram, KM. (2008). Perpetration of violence, violent victimization, and severe mental illness: Balancing public health outcomes. Psychiatr Serv, 59, 153-164. da Cunha-Bang, S, Hjordt LV, et al. (2017). Serotonin 1B receptor binding is associated with trait anger and level of psychopathy in violent offenders. Biological Psychiatry, 82(4), 267-274. George, DT, Umhau, JC, et al. (2001). Serotonin, testosterone and alcohol in the etiology of domestic violence. Psychiatry Research, 104(1), 27-37. Hein, S, Barbot, B, et al. (2017). Violent offending among juveniles: A 7-year longitudinal study of recidivism, desistance, and associations with mental health. Law and Human Behavior, 41(3), 273-283. Hodgins, S. (2008). Violent behavior amongst people with schizophrenia: A framework for investigation of causes and effective treatment, and prevention. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 363, 2505-2518. inSocialWork Podcast #135 - Chris Veeh: Traumatic Brain Injury and Incarcerated Youths: A Role for Social Work. (2014). Retrieved 23 September 2018, from http://www.insocialwork.org/episode.asp?ep=135. Kuehn, BM. (2012). Evidence suggests complex links between violence and schizophrenia. Journal of the American Medical Association, 308(7), 658-659. Latalova, K, Kamaradova, D, & Prasko J. (2014). Violent victimization of adult patients with severe mental illness: A systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 10, 1925-1939. Lee, AMR, & Galynker, II, (2010). Violence in bipolar disorder. Psychiatric Times. Retrieved 23 Septemer 2018 from: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA392573273&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=08932905&p=AONE&sw=w Maio HA. (2004). Stigma and public education about mental illness: Comment. Psychiatric Services, 55(7), pp. 834. Newman, JM, Turnbull, A, Berman, BA, et al. (2010). Impact of traumatic and viiolent victimization experiences in individuals with schizoprenia and schizoaffective disorder. J. Nerv Ment Dis, 198, 708-714. Robbins, PC, Monahan, J, & Silver, E. (2003). Mental disorder, violence, and gender. Law and Human Behavior, 27(6), 561-571. Sirotich, F. (2008). Correlates of crime and violence among persons with mental disorder: An evidence-based review. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 8(2), 171-194. Swanson, JW, Holzer, CE III., Ganju, VK, et al. (1990). Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: Evidence from epidemiologic catchment area surveys. Hops Community Psychiatry, 41, 761-770. The Lobotomist | American Experience | PBS. (2018). Pbs.org. Retrieved 28 September 2018, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/lobotomist/ Varney, KH. (2014). By the numbers: Mental illness behind bars. PBS News Hour. Retrieved 21 September 2018, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/mental-illness-behind-bars. Varshney, M, Mahapatra, A, Krishnan, V, Gupta, R, & Debs, KS. (2015). Violence and mental illness: What is the true story? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70(3), 223-225. Weierstall, R, Moran, J, Giebel, G, & Elbert, T. (2014). Testosterone reactivity and identification with perpetrator or a victim in a story are associated with attraction to violence-related cues. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(3), 304-312.

Episode 4 examines the Sexual Psychopath laws. First enacted in the late 1930s, Sexual psychopath laws were essentially diversion-like, civil confinement strategies developed to deal with sex offenders. The taboo nature of sex crimes, and the depravity often associated with them, led many to perceive that the individuals who committed these acts suffered from some form of mental abnormality. Twenty-two states enacted sexual psychopath statutes and established programs. The psychiatric programs established under these statutes are today considered a dark moment in the history of psychiatry due to their inclusion of non-violent, non-contact offenders as well as the homosexual population. The last of these laws was repealed in the early 1980s, less than a decade prior to the enactment of the first sexually violent predator law. References: Bowman, K. M., & Engle, B. (1958). Certain aspects of sex psychopath laws. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 114(8), 690-697. Cox, H. (1965). The secular city. NY: MacMillan. Freedman, E. B. (1987). 'Uncontrolled desires': The response to the sexual psychopath, 1920 - 1960. The Journal of American History, 74(1), 83-106. Glueck, S. (September, 1937). Sex crimes and the law. Nation, 318-320. Guttmacher, M. S. (1951). Sex offenses: The problem, causes, and prevention. New York, NY: Norton. Hoover, J. E. (July, 1947). How safe is your daughter? American Magazine, 32-33. Jones, M., & Jones, E. (1999). Mass media. London: Macmillan Press. Kamman, G. R. (1961). Evolution of sexual psychopath laws. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 6(2), 170-179. Lefkowitz Horowitz, H. (2002). Rereading sex: Battles over sexual knowledge and suppression in nineteenth-century America. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. Lieberman, D., & Siegel, B. A. (1957). A program for sexual psychopaths in a state mental hospital. American Journal of Psychiatry, 113(9), 801-807. Oliver, A. D. (1982). The sex offender: lessons from the California experience. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 5(3-4), 403-411. Rice Lave, T. (2009). Only yesterday: The rise and fall of twentieth century sexual psychopath laws. Louisiana Law Review, 69(3), 549-591. Sturgeon, V. H., & Taylor, J. (1980). Report of a five-year follow-up study of mentally disordered sex offenders released from Atascadero state hospital in 1973. Criminal Justice Journal, 4, 31-63. Sutherland, E. H. (1950). The diffusion of sexual psychopath laws. The American Journal of Sociology, 56(2), 142-148. Sutherland, E. H. (1950). The sexual psychopath laws. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 40(5), 543-554. Tappan, P. W. (1955). Some myths about the sex offender. Federal Probation, 19, 7-12. Wittles, D. G. (December, 1948). What can we do about sex crimes? The Saturday Evening Post.

This episodes provides a general discussion on risk and threat, risk assessment, and the ways risk and threat are managed in various types of settings and facilities. We distinguish the differences between risk and threat for the expressed purpose of providing clarity in this discussion as well as clarity between the concepts involved. We recognize that the terms are used interchangeably, but argue that the definitions are not. Risk - Risk is something that a client encounters or experiences that presses them toward perilous and hazardous behavior from which they and others may be harmed. In other words, the client's susceptibilities and vulnerabilities lead to adverse outcomes. Because risk relates to the client's susceptibilities and vulnerabilities, it can often be ameliorated or treated. Risk is usually assessed using clinically-guided research-based approach. Threat - Threat is a declaration or an expression of intent to do harm, inflict punishment, to menace, or to act out violently against someone or something. Threat is something a person does that results in fear or harm to others. Threat relates to a person's potential, as well as intent, to harm others and property. Specifically, we are actually speaking of threat when we ask questions like, what is the short-term and long-term probability a behavior will repeat? How imminent is the harmful behavior? What is the likely harm that will result? Is it plausible that the person can commit the act? Those who menace or threaten to do harm are managed through interventions like arrest and incarceration, rather than through clinical efforts. Threat is usually assessed using an actuarial approach. Risk and threat are interrelated, but nonetheless different concepts with different vantage points. This ultimately brings us to one of two referral questions. The first centers on identifying a treatment protocol that will reduce the risk of an individual putting themselves or others in harm's way. These efforts lead to treatment plans that seek to help the person live more independently or one day live successfully in the community. The second referral sets the needs of the individual aside and asks what steps are necessary to ensure society is safe? These questions are asked when we are thinking about whether we can safely release a person or what level of supervision is needed. Even though the tasks of risk and threat assessment may look at many of the same variables, the context is different. Risk, by definition, has an inherent clinical focus, in which the target behavior, be it violence, sex offense, or self-harm, is viewed as a product of some underlying factor, such as a disorder or stressor which makes the person susceptible to putting themselves and others at risk. Threat, on the other hand, conjures concern for potential victims and public safety, it frames the individual more as an offender than a client or recipient. Obviously, threat assessment has more utility in criminal justice settings, where, for example, parole and probation officers, as well as police officers, constantly grapple with managing individuals who present considerable threat to the community. While criminal justice efforts often go about this through interventions that lower and raise the level of supervision or incapacitation, mental health professionals tackle risk through interventions that aim to reduce the severity of the client's symptoms and suffering. Please visit our website at www.forensicinservice.com and leave us a comment about how you liked the episode or to post requests for future episodes. Thank you to everyone who took the time to downloaded or listened to our last podcast on Psychopathy. It is greatly appreciated and we hope it helped you in your work or practice. The artwork for our podcast, "Blocked Thoughts," was hand painted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. (copyright © 2018); The music for our podcast was composed and performed by Adam Price (copyright © 2018). Our podcast is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Season 1, Episode 2: Psychopathy   In this episode we discuss psychopathy. You would never know given all the attention psychopathy receives that it only occurs in 1% of males in the general population. Cleckley and others have explained psychopathy as being a personality disorder defined by a constellation of characteristics occurring on the interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle levels. There is considerable confusion regarding the construct given its history and its common, if not pejorative use of the label. In this episode, we will explore its history and its relationship to a now forgotten medical condition known as moral insanity. The artwork for our podcast, “Blocked Thoughts,” was handpainted by Jenn Koonz, Ph.D. (copyright 2018); The music for our podcast was composed and performed by Adam Price (copyright 2018). We discourage citing us, and encourage reviewing the original authors and researchers. To that end, we respectfully provide the references we used for this episode.   References Augstein, H. F. (1996). J. C. Prichard's concept of moral insanity: A medical theory on the corruption of human nature. Medical History, 40, 311-343.   Bowman, K. M., & Engle, B. (1958). Certain aspects of sex psychopath laws. American Journal of Psychiatry 114(8), 690-697. Cheney, C. O. (1934). Outline for psychiatric examinations. State Hospitals Press: Utica, NY.   Cleckley, H. (1988). The mask of sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.   Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review. 44(4), 588–608. Durrant, R., & Ward, T. (2015). Evolutionary criminology: Towards a comprehensive explanation of crime. New York, NY: Academic Press.   English, K. (1998). The containment approach: An aggressive strategy for the community management of adult sex offenders. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4(1/2), 218-235. Finney, C. G. (9/10/1856). Lecture VII. Moral insanity: What saith the sinner? Oberlin Evangelist. Retrieved from: https://www.gospeltruth.net/1856OE/560910_moral_insanity.htm   Freedman, E. B. (1987). 'Uncontrolled desires': The response to the sexual psychopath, 1920-1960. The Journal of American History, 74(1), 83-106. Glueck. B. (1918). A study of 608 admissions to Sing Sing prison. Mental Hygiene, 2(85), 91-123.   Guthman, D. H. (1980). MDSO (Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders) Law - The Assumptions Challenged. Criminal Justice Journal, 4(1), 75-83.   Guttmacher, M. S. (1951). Sex offenses: The problem, causes and prevention. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto, Dowson, J. H., Sussams, P., Grounds, A. T., ON: Multi-Health Systems.   Hare, R. D. (2006). Psychopathy: A clinical and forensic overview. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(3), 709-724.   Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2005). Structural models of psychopathy. Current Psychiatry Reports, 7(1), 57-64.   Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2009). Psychopathy: Clinical and forensic implications. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(12), 791-802.   Hart, S. D., & Dempster, R. J. (1997). Impulsivity and psychopathy. In C. D. Webster & M. A. Jackson (Eds.), Impulsivity: New directions in research and clinical practice (pp. 212-232). New York: Guilford.   Healy, W. (1915). The individual delinquent: A text-book of diagnosis and prognosis for all concerned in understanding offenders. Boston, MA: S. J. Parkhill & Co. p.132, 575-89, 411. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Individual_Delinquent.html?id=CIVYAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button#v=onepage&q&f=false   Henderson, D. K. (1939). Psychopathic states. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.   Hirschi, T. (2017). Causes of delinquency. New York, NY: Routledge. [originally published 1969 by University of California Press].   Hoover, J. E. (1947). How safe is your daughter? American Magazine. New York, Clover Publishing House: 32-33.   Humphreys, E. J. (1940). Psychopathic personality among the mentally defective. Psychiatric Quarterly, 14(2), 255-263.   Kamman, G. R. (1961). Evolution of sexual psychopath laws. Journal of Forensic Science 6(2), 170-9. Kiehl, K. A., & Hoffman, M. B., (2011). The criminal psychopath: History, neuroscience, treatment, and economics. Jurimetrics, 51, 355-397.   Kraeplin, (1904). As taken from his textbook. See Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin. Krafft-Ebing, R. F. v. (1886; 1965). Psychopathia sexualis: The classic study of deviant sex. New York, NY: Arcade Publishing.   Lave, T. R. (2009). Only yesterday: The rise and fall of twentieth century sexual psychopath laws. Louisiana Law Review, 69, 549-591.   Lieberman, D., & B. A. Siegel, B. A. (1957). A program for sexual psychopaths in a state mental hospital. American Journal of Psychiatry, 113(9), 801-7. Netland, J. D., & Miner, M. H. (2012). Psychopathy traits and paternal dysfunction in sexual offending and general delinquent adolescent males. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18(1), 4-22.   Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., & Newman, J. P. (2007). The super-ordinate nature of the psychopathy checklist-revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 102-107.   Ozarin, L. (2001). Moral insanity: A brief history. American Psychiatric Association: Psychiatric News. 5/18/2001. Retrieved from https://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/pn.36.10.0021. Porter, S., ten Brinke, L., & Wilson, K. (2009). Crime profiles, and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sex offenders. Legal and Criminal Psychology, 14, 109-118. Rush, B. (1835). Medical inquiries and observations upon the diseases of the mind (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Grigg & Elliot. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=l-oRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1&source=kp_read_button#v=onepage&q&f=false   Savage, J. (2009). Understanding persistent offending: Linking developmental psychology with research on the criminal career. In J. Savage (Ed.). The development of persistent criminality. New York, NY: Oxford Press.   Savitt, R. A. (1940). An approach to the problem of psychopathic personality. Psychiatric Quarterly, 14(2), 255-263.   Shnaidman, V. C. (2016). Forensic psychiatry: A lawyer's guide. New York, NY: Elsevier, Inc.   Sturgeon, V. H., & Taylor, J. (1980). Report of a five-year follow-up study of mentally disordered sex offenders released from Atascadero state hospital in 1973. Criminal Justice Journal, 4, 31-63.   Sutherland, E. H. (1950). The sexual psychopath laws. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 40(5), 543-554.   Sutherland, E. H. (1950b). The diffusion of sexual psychopath laws. The American Journal of Sociology, 56(2), 142-148.   Tappan, P. W. (1951). Sentences for sex criminals. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 42, 332-337.   The 1844 Report of the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy. (2018). Studymore.org.uk. Retrieved 4 July 2018, from: http://studymore.org.uk/4_09.htm

In In service #1 Dr. Stephen Price is interviewed by Steve Koonz, M.A., M.S.W.  Dr. Price is currently the owner and chief clinician at Threat Assessment & Risk Management Center, L.L.C. in upstate New York, as well as co-host of the Forensic InService podcast.  Dr. Price is a board-certified psychiatrist who has many years’ experience in veteran psychiatric services, as well as general, forensic, and correctional mental health. Dr. Price has testified and interviewed offenders in numerous criminal cases including cases involving filicide and multiple homicides. Dr. Price is well-respected by prosecutors and defense attorneys and has enjoyed a long and distinguished career. During this episode, Dr. Price discusses his career in psychiatry and forensic mental health. He discusses his role in criminal cases, in terms of educating the court, and the primary areas of importance in psychiatry with respects to forensic and correctional mental health practice. Dr. Price elaborates on this in a conversation about how he prepares in the role of expert witness. As a bonus, Dr. Price discusses the role and benefits of telepsychiatry in correctional mental health, issues related to reentry, and the future of forensic psychiatry. The Forensic InService podcast (copyright © 2018) is created and produced by Stephen Koonz, M.A., M.S.W. & Stephen Price, M.D. Please visit Forensic InService for further information about the show or to hear other episodes.  Our artwork was hand painted by Jennifer A. Koonz and used with her permission. Our music was created by Adam Price and used with his permission. Any use of any part of this episode, including the music or artwork without the creator’s or this show’s permission is a violation of copyright.